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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Supplementary Book: Vistas Chapter 3 - Journey to the End of the Earth

Get a free PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Supplementary Book: Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth, from the provided links. These PDFs can be easily downloaded by the students. Our experts have uniquely formulated these questions to help the students gain competence. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English is one of the best study materials designed for CBSE students. The solutions to this exercise come with detailed explanations structured by our expert teachers that further make learning and understanding concepts an easy task.

Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas are given here in a detailed and step-by-step way to help the students understand more effectively. The subject experts at BYJU’S outline the concepts in a clear and precise manner based on the IQ level of students. This helps students to get good scores in the examinations while also providing extensive knowledge about the subject.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Supplementary Book: Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth

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Reading with Insight

1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

The world’s geological history is indeed trapped in Antarctica. The study of the region of Antarctica gives us an insight into the world’s geological history. This is because the current world is battling with the growing population, and the extreme burning of fossil fuels has formed a blanket of carbon dioxide around the earth, which is the main cause of global warming.  Antarctica is a crucial element in the debate on climate change because it is relatively ‘pristine’. It is because 650 million years ago, Gondwana land existed in the southern part of the earth where Antarctica is currently situated. It contained a rich variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years, Gondwana flourished, and later the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today. All secrets are embedded in the layers of the ice in the form of 500-million-year-old carbon records. Hence, to study the earth’s past, Antarctica is the best place.

2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Geoff Green took the high school students to one end of the world to give them a chance to develop respect and knowledge for the earth. He included high school students in the ice expedition because with students on the ice expedition, he offered future policymakers to experience how difficult it would have been for the earth to sustain life by raising its warmth. At a young age, when the process of good values develops in their life, it will also assist them in knowing more about their planet.

3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

‘Take care of the small things, and the big things will take care of themselves.’ is a relevant statement to the Antarctic environment. A small environmental change can give rise to dramatic developments. Because of the small biodiversity and simple ecosystem, Antarctica is the best place to study the small changes in the environment that have big consequences. For example, consider the microscopic phytoplankton — these grasses of the sea feed and support the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. These single-celled plants use the sun’s energy to absorb carbon dioxide and manufacture organic compounds, and this important process is called photosynthesis. Scientists caution that more depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton, which in turn affect the marine life’s food chain. From this example of the phytoplankton, there is a great metaphor for existence: take care of the small things, and the big things will fall into place.

4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

Antarctica is the best place to understand the earth’s present, past, and future because it holds in its ice cores, half a million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Antarctica gives an idea of how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and how it formed into different masses of earth. Antarctica has a vibrant diversity of flora and fauna as a rich heritage of the past. Therefore, Antarctica is a place to understand the earth’s present, past and future.

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Does the ncert solutions for class 12 english vistas chapter 3 help students with their board exam preparation.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 is helpful for the students to prepare for their board exams. The answers are framed in a detailed and accurate manner to help students obtain in-depth knowledge about the chapter. Going through the NCERT Solutions from BYJU’S will reduce the revision time of students significantly prior to the exam. Students will also be able to score higher marks in the English exams by referring to the solutions created by the subject matter experts having vast experience in the field.

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Here are the major advantages of using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3- 1. All the solutions are written in simple language to aid students in comprehending the key topics. 2. NCERT Solutions are framed as per the latest CBSE guidelines and exam patterns. 3. Both exercise-wise and main-wise answers are available for the textbook questions.

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• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Chapter 3 - Journey To The End Of The Earth
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Class 12 English NCERT Solutions Vistas Chapter 3 - Journey to the end of the Earth - Free PDF Download

NCERT solution of Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth is a valuable explanation that can enable students to obtain excellent marks. Class 12th English Vistas Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions are equipped with the professional's touch. At the end of the chapter, all the exercise questions answers are readily made for the students who have difficulties understanding them. They can easily adapt to it. Download CBSE NCERT solutions of Chapter Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 pdf available on this page to obtain more marks.

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Access NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Chapter -3 Journey to the End of the Earth

Read and find out.

1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

Ans: Geographical lands carry fossils as imprints of history. The fossils provide us with major evidential data to study evolutionary history. Using modern technology like Carbon Dating helps us to determine the age of the fossil. Various civilizations have been excavated at various locations across the globe. Mammals and other flora and fauna existed on land even before the separation of landmass. 

1. What are the indications for the future of humankind?

Ans: As civilization progressed the pollution and damage to nature have been on the continuous increase too. Carbon emissions have increased multiple folds which have led to global warming and the greenhouse effect. These all have melted the glaciers and have led to the extinction of flora and fauna. The gases have depleted the ozone layer which in turn has led to the penetration of UV rays into the atmosphere. These all-environmental issues not only affect the flora and fauna but humankind too and can lead to its end. Antarctica has given significant shocking and much concerning warnings to humanity that the damage it's causing can lead to the end of all.

1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Ans: Antarctica was once a part of the supercontinent Gondwana land. It later got separated from India and drifted south to create the present continent. The climate on the land changed from warm and humid to extremely cold and frigid. It hence carries a lot of history with itself and can be useful for archaeological purposes too. It is a place one should visit to get a glimpse of past, present, and future coexisting together in a pure and realistic form. The secrets of life are embedded in the deep layers of ice.  Antarctica also provides us warning signs to foresee the consequences of present damage to the environment are. It reminds us that the effects of global warming are real and can produce disastrous consequences.

2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Ans: Tishani Doshi traveled South to the end of the Earth to Antarctica along with an expedition group ‘Students on Ice.’ Geoff Green took high schools on the expedition because he wanted to make young minds sensitive about climatic changes that are happening around the world. He believes that these young minds are the future policymakers of the world, and it is in their hands that the future lies. He considers them to be the best ones to shoulder the responsibility to save the world and the environment and can turn the situation better.

3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans: The statement points out the fact that building up trivial habits and making insignificant changes can bring a substantial change in the world we live in. If every individual takes small steps, the total impact on the world will be massive. The book provides an example of phytoplankton, which are small photosynthetic plants and serve as food for several marine birds and animals. If the ozone layer depletes further, the phytoplankton might get depleted and its contribution to the ecosystem will be depleted which in turn would affect the globe on a large scale. We need to focus on small things and make slight changes so that we can save the world together and make it a better place to live. 

4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past, and future?

Ans: Antarctica was part of the Gondwana land. It, hence, has a mass of lands that have existed millions of years ago and is untouched by humankind. Its present state of melting and breaking apart tells us about the crisis the environment is going through now. Our neglect of the environment has led to an increase in global warming. The state of earth points out the fact that if the present state continues the earth will not sustain for long and the end is near. We need to be conscious and take small steps to protect our Earth from the potential threat and decline its heading towards.

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English Vistas - Free PDF Download

Vedantu’s NCERT solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 includes questions and solutions asked in exercise. This will give clear concepts of this chapter that are ready to make the students solve the solution by themselves. The CBSE students must have a complete grip on the book knowledge, with the help of Vedantu they can easily achieve it. 

In the Journey To the End of The Earth Class 12 Chapter, the essential questions like the evidence of future people, the reasons behind to include high school students all are often seen to come in the exams, are available in pdf with a brief explanation.

Practising these kinds of questions of this chapter will confirm that students will have excellent marks in the exams as well as it will develop their self-confidence. Journey To The End of The Earth Class 12 Chapter 3 PDF is now available here and can be accessed both offline without any cost. Download the NCERT solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 PDF now for knowing the chapter better.

CBSE Class 12 “Journey to the End of the Earth” Short Summary

Journey to End of the Earth chapter will help you to learn all about the narrator's journey to Antarctica in detail. The author of Journey to the end of the Earth is Tishani Joshi. The author’s journey to Antarctica initiates on the Russian Vehicle and was led by Geoff Green. Geoff Green is the one who is highly interested in taking students on educational trips as this helps them to discover the end of the Earth. 

The author went on a journey to Antarctica for educational purposes as well as to learn more about the place. This educational tour turns out to be very helpful as students learn about the impact of global warming. Moreover, they also learned how a little step can impact the environment greatly. Also, they learnt about the ice sheets of West Antarctica and whether they will melt or not.

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas

The benefits students can avail with the help of Class 12th English Vistas Chapter 3 are discussed below.

NCERT solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 are formulated by the Vedantu's experts that are easy to understand, and all the question answers are accurate and written.

All the solutions follow the CBSE guidelines that will enable the students to understand the question pattern, marks division and how to write an answer for the particular question.

Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 NCERT solutions are organized in a way that will help the students to get a strong command on the concept and also to improve their grades.

NCERT Solutions of the Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 Vistas are available for free download on this page. You can easily download it and access it offline.

Pointwise step by step solutions of each question given in Journey to the End of the earth Class 12 Vistas will help you to get a clear idea of every answer writing pattern.

With the help of Vedantu app and it's a Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 NCERT solutions, students can tackle all the questions which could trouble them in the exam, without confusion, students can easily attain all the questions smartly and can improve their marks.

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Not only for English, but Vedantu also delivers all subjects' study material. They also provide CBSE tuitions, ICSE tuitions, JEE main preparation, NEET preparation, HC Verma solutions etc. They provide equal attention to every course under the supervision of experts.

All the solutions are vastly described so that there should not be any doubt on the topic. Sentences are well constructed and grammatically strong and written. It will enhance the student's writing skill. There are also additional miscellaneous questions that would help to understand the topic clearly.

Vedantu tries to give a classroom-based teaching-learning platform, where students can easily earn more knowledge without spending much time and energy, they can easily achieve it at any time at any location. In the Live lecture process, they will clear their doubts with ease.

There are experts from renowned industries who are always there for students to also clear their additional doubts. This teacher-learner interaction process makes this app more preferable. Download the Vedantu app to get the best guidance.

Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Chapter 3 - "Journey to the End of the Earth" are invaluable companions for students navigating this captivating literary work. These solutions offer comprehensive analyses, explanations, and interpretations of the chapter's themes, characters, and narrative, enhancing students' understanding and appreciation of the text. They provide critical insights into the complexities of the journey, the emotional depth of the characters, and the philosophical underpinnings of the story. Overall, they play a vital role in facilitating a deeper connection with this thought-provoking piece of literature.

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Chapter 3 - Journey To The End Of The Earth

1. How Much will the Reader be Influenced by Reading the NCERT Solution Chapter 2- 'Journey to the End of the Earth'?

From the very first beginning to the last, the author Tishani Joshi describes her journey experienced in Antarctica. This creates a significant impact on the journey lover as well as the nature lover. From this story, one can learn about travelogue in detail. There are so many things which influence a lot such as the beauty of nature and other facts as the author says, that Antarctica, a very beautiful place, stores 90% of earth's total ice volume and there is not a single tree, building, and anything.

There are so many sea animals, birds, and the seal, so it is an amazing environmental view that will impact little more in the reader. Other things have to be observed, such as global warming which will affect Antarctica's biodiversity and ecosystems.

The ozone layer present in Antarctica, which depletes a consent rate if it carries on the reserved beauty of Antarctica will be dangerously affected in the near future. So, the overall journey and the beauty of natural reality, of climate change, global warming, and the variety of flora and fauna, biodiversity will create a significant impact on the newcomer as well as the learner.

2. Is it Necessary to Solve the Previous Year NCERT Examination Questions?

It is imperative to solve the previous year's questions paper related to the particular chapter because an exam means not only to get a high score without knowing the facts. The exam is about learning and understanding chapters to the fullest by which one can improve his/ her study pattern and gain knowledge that can apply in the near future for further study. So, the previous year question paper not only helps to understand the complex language as mentioned in the text but also provides an overall knowledge throughout the chapter, questions pattern, and helps it to keep in mind the time length.

3. Is the Text ' Journey to The End of The Earth ' Beneficial for Travel Story Writers?

Yes, of course. It is much beneficial for those who love travelling and want to create such content. Here the author Trishani Joshi beautifully explains her journey experience to Antarctica throughout the entire content. She explained all the things very carefully as to which vehicle used to go there, how many days she spent there; what things mesmerized her etc.

As the analysis about the beauty of the natural ecosystem flora and fauna, all good aspects of nature beside pointing out the good things, the author also described the worst sites such as the bad effect of global warming, contributor to the climate change, damaging the quality of Antarctica. She also warns about the endangered sea animals, disbalance of the ecosystem and bad impact on human life as well as environmental surroundings briefly.

By reading this, the reader easily understands that to make content more efficient, one has to cover the good or bad aspects of nature and learn about the pattern, quality, and limitation of the story,  so lastly it is very grateful to the travel story writer indeed.

4. What Advantages can Students get From the Vedantu App?

There are so many features such as live online classes arranged by Vedantu for directly helping the student to score the good great, except that many solutions are available on the site in pdf format, students can easily download it, free of cost to improve their subjects knowledge. Here, by registering for free and by joining the live online classes, students can solve various difficult problems and strengthen their knowledge. Not only that, there is much excellent content discussed in other online sites.

The Vedantu also counsel the students regarding their various problems and help to figure out the problem on their own. Scholarships test as well as the admission test are organized by Vedantu and allows the student to know far better about their respective lesson. Sometimes Vedantu guides the students to prepare their new assignment and also indicates to them how to get their batch or class easily. There are a good number of FAQs available, which will be discussed vastly as per their latest curriculum to make them more accurate about the questions pattern and answers type, so it is so much beneficial to achieve their high goal.

5. Explain the history of mankind according to Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas ?

Geological phenomena will help us to know about the history of mankind. The evidence of the data is provided by the fossils which further helps in the study of the environment. The age of the fossil is determined by carbon dating. Many civilizations have been emptied from the earth in different locations. Many mammals existed much before the scattering of the landmasses.  The chapter details can be further found in NCERT solutions from Vedantu which will be helpful for students to understand comprehensively.

6. What is the future of mankind according to Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas?

The increase in pollution has caused great damage to the atmosphere and the damage to nature is continuing. The emission of carbon has enormously led to global warming. The gases have exhausted the ozone layer which has made it easier for the UV rays to penetrate the atmosphere. These factors are not only affecting the environment but also mankind. This is a warning of the end of all and one has to be aware of the same.

7. Describe Antarctica's environment as discussed in Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas?

Antarctica is described as a mass of land which remains untouched by mankind even after all these years.  The present state of Antarctica, which is being melted and broken, can analyze the situation and the crisis that we are undergoing. The situation we face today is because of the negligence of humankind. If the same situation continues then the day is not far when everything is going to end. Now is the time to act and take all the necessary steps to protect the earth. It is the duty of everyone to be involved and contribute to our home so that the earth is protected.

8. Explain about the students in the ice expedition according to Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas?

The writer travelled along with the expedition group. Geoff  Green included the high school students on the expedition as he wanted to make the students know about the climatic changes and the environment. He wanted to make them aware of the present condition.  He believes that the young ones are the future who can make the policy. The earth’s future lies in the young minds and can save the environment by taking responsibility.

9. Who is the writer of the Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas?

Tishani Doshi is the writer of the Chapter 3 of Class 12 English Vistas.She was born on 09th December 1975. This chapter is an explanation about students being taken to Antarctica to make them know about the past, present and future of the landmass. Tishani Doshi is an Indian Poet and a journalist. She was also a dancer and got her degree in the field of creative writing.  This is about Antarctica's present situation and a warning to all of us to take the steps to save the earth which is getting damaged day by day due to global warming. To study more about the Chapter visit Vedantu’s official website (vedantu.com). Here, the solutions and the study material can be downloaded absolutely free of cost.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3, Journey To The End of The Earth

Ncert solutions for class 12 english journey to the end of the earth: here, we have brought to you complete and detailed ncert solutions for class 12 english vistas chapter, journey to the end of the earth. students can also use the pdf download link attached below to save the solutions for future reference..

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth : The class 12 English NCERT textbook consists of chapters that teach students about the importance of the environment, our mother nature, and wildlife. It also covers aspects of societal problems, social atrocities, marriage problems, poverty, and a lot more. These are to inform students about the ways and methods of dealing with it and to teach them the difference between right and wrong.

 Journey to the End of the World is an experience piece shared by the author himself. He shares his mind-blowing experience with the coldest continent of the world, Antarctica. The story is an exploration of why Antarctica is important for Earth and how various climatic conditions are deteriorating the beauty of Antarctica. To know the perspective of students and to build on it, NCERT Solutions are presented to students.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth 

Here, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth have been provided below from the Vistas textbook. Check the questions and their answers for better clarity on how an answer has to be answered in the exam. 

Read and Find out

1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

Answer. Six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent — Gondwana — did indeed exist, centered roughly around present-day Antarctica. Things were quite different then: humans hadn’t arrived on the global scene, and the climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana thrived, but around the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of the mammals got underway, the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today. These lines from the chapter indicate geological phenomena have to be studied to know about the history of humankind.

2. What are the indications for the future of humankind?

Answer . Various environmental changes such as the increasing temperature of the earth, melting of glaciers, climate change, increase in the rise of carbon compounds, depletion of the ozone layer, etc. are various indications for the future of humankind to improve the health of our environment.

Reading with Insight

1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Answer. To visit Antarctica now is to be a part of that history; to get a grasp of where we’ve come from and where we could possibly be heading. It’s to understand the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields; ozone and carbon; evolution and extinction. The visual scale ranges from the microscopic to the mighty: midges and mites to blue whales and icebergs as big as countries (the largest recorded was the size of Belgium). Days go on and on and on in surreal 24-hour austral summer light, and a ubiquitous silence, interrupted only by the occasional avalanche or calving ice sheet, consecrates the place. It’s an immersion that will force you to place yourself in the context of the earth’s geological history. These extracts from the chapter are enough to show that the world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.

 2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Answer. With Students on Ice, he offers the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act. Geoff Green focuses on providing them with inspiring educational opportunities that will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet.

3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Answer. This statement means to say that if we take care of our small habits and actions that exploit human resources and deteriorate our mother earth, and the big things such as climate change, glacier melting, increase in the temperature of the earth, extinction of wildlife, etc will take care of themselves. It aims at imparting the knowledge about protecting the environment.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the end of the Earth

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the end of the Earth modified and designed for new session 2023-24. All the answers of class 12 English Vistas chapter 3 exercise are given here in easy language. Extra questions based on chapter 3 are helpful for the exam preparation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3

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It is said that Antarctica is a barometer of climate change. The near pristine environment with far less human activity and contamination than anywhere else on earth, makes it ideal to study all manner of phenomena. Scientists have worked hard to understand how super continent Gondwana began to break resulting in separation of continents. Antarctica has world’s ninety percent ice which carries itself answers to all carbon and ozone related questions. This is why scientists and environmentalists from round the world are keen to understand past, present and future of Earth in Antarctica.

The average global temperature is on rise and carbon emissions emanating from vehicles and industries have resulted in melting of glaciers and polar ice along with acidification of oceans and coastal areas. Over the past few decades we can see climate change across all countries altering the geographical ranges of many plant and animal species. A rise in sea level is also an alarming indication to humans. The reason for all this is because of the luxuries that humans have adopted for a happy life, the result of which is in front of everyone today. The policies made by all the countries regarding expansion have strangled the environment and unfortunately we are still ignorant despite knowing this.

The world’s oldest geological history can be found in Antarctica. It holds half million years old carbon records in its ice-cores which are trapped in its layers of ice. It provides the information regarding earths past, present and future developmental journey. Antarctica was part of the super continent Gondwana. Modern Antarctica was formed when Gondwana gradually broke apart around 180 million years ago. Scientists from all over the world visit Antarctica to study the climate, weather, geology, and wildlife of this unique region. They can actually see how much the ice on glaciers have declined over the past decade or so due to global warming on Earth. The study is necessary because it teaches us how to save the future generations from the population explosion and destruction of nature.

Geoff Green, the founder of the ‘Students on Ice expedition’ included school students to mission Antarctica. Putting new generation on his grand project is the right move as he wishes that the school students are full of enthusiasm and energy. He wanted the students to see the big changes taking place in Antarctica because what they could see in front of them could not be done through projectors and drawings in a lab or study room from a far distant place.

There is a common saying that ‘each drop of water makes an ocean’. This is what the author wants from all human beings as well to save the planet. If we all take care of the environment like plant more trees, discourage deforestation, decrease emissions of fossil fuels, ban on hunting of wildlife animals etc. If every person sets a goal to plant one sapling every month, then all of us can bring many Amazons to the earth every year. And we don’t have to do anything big, we just have to control the use of natural resources from our side. The government of every country should instruct the respective state governments strictly for citizens to work to save the environment. If everyone works together, a lot can be changed.

Antarctica has always been the first choice of scientists for exploration. The discovery made here so far has shown that millions of years before, all the continents were connected. Antarctica has transformed from pretty warm place to forests and then to home of icebergs. In the present, we can witness the speed of melting of glaciers and what is its impact on the flora and fauna and far flung ecosystem. Our research here also shows us how much the earth’s temperature has increased due to the burning of fossil fuels and how much ice has melted, which alerts us about global warming and the steps we have to take to save the planet blue.

What were the writer’s feelings on reaching Antarctica? The writer’s first emotion on reaching Antarctica was that of relief. It was a very thrilling and suspenseful journey for the author. She felt relieved to have set foot on the Antarctic continent after travelling over 100 hours. Then she experienced a sense of amazement on seeing its vastness and immense white landscape which dazzled her eyes. No trees, plants, no humans, no buildings. As far as the eye could see, only the ground covered with a sheet of snow and the white sky was visible. Apart from her crew, if any other creature was seen, it was Crab eater seals.

The brightness that prevailed in Antarctica is strange as the austral summer light remained for 24 hours in the continent. The temperature in Antarctica in summer is -20°C. The sun is always in the sky for six months and when the sunlight strikes through the snow, a bright light emerges. The silence there is widespread and is interrupted only by the occasional snow slides or during calving ice sheet.

Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs. In a balanced ecosystem, they provide food for a wide range of sea creatures. Phytoplankton, also known as micro algae, are similar to terrestrial plants in that they contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to live and grow. Through photosynthesis, phytoplankton use sunlight, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and nutrients for other organisms. With 71% of the Earth covered by the ocean, phytoplankton are responsible for producing up to 50% of the oxygen we breathe and absorb carbon emissions. Phytoplankton are vital to marine ecosystems. They are producers or autotrophs that form the foundation of most marine food webs.

Tishani Doshi calling her trip as “Journey to the End of the Earth” has basically two meanings. First, It is situated at such an end of the earth where there are no humans, trees, nor any other thing related to civilization. One can feel as if he’s not on earth but on some other planet. No human being will ever go to Antarctica if we don’t have to do research and analysis. Secondly, If the end of mankind will be written on earth, then it will begin from here because the speed with which we are destroying nature is bound to cause melting of glaciers and rise of sea water which will prove to be the end for humanity. Her experience was very good. She understood the earth’s past, present and future closely and understood the value of this precious natural world.

The author is right to think so. We all know that ever since human civilization has flourished on earth, since then we have only destroyed our nature. The growing population of Asia and the expansion policies of every country have only harmed the world. Agricultural land is being destroyed for higher profits and industries are being promoted to give strength to the economy. Chemicals are mixed in the soil to avoid shortage in the food chain, which affects the soil and water quality. Man is spoiling nature for his own sake. He is unaware of the fact that one day the race for growth and development will definitely lead to destruction however everyone is sitting blindly presently.

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Journey to the End of the Earth- NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Ch-3

The NCERT solutions for class 12 English Vistas Journey to the end of the Earth are available here for class 12 students. Study the NCERT Solutions in a PDF file with a video explanation.

Table of Contents

Journey to the End of the Earth- NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Ch-3 Introduction

The focus of the lesson is Antarctica, the continent with the best environmental preservation. There aren’t many people who have been there, but Tishani Doshi is one of them. Young minds are taken to other lands by a South Indian who joined a group of students on an expedition as part of the “Students on Ice” program. As a result, it sheds light on why Antarctica is the place to go if you want to see the past, present, and future as they truly are.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Journey to the End of the Earth : Video Explanation

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Ch-3 Journey to the End of the Earth: PDF

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Journey to the end of the earth

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Ch-3 Journey to the End of the Earth: Question Answers

Page no. 19

Read and find out

Que. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? Ans. Geological phenomena such as the drifting of land masses and their separating into countries help us to know about the history of humankind. A visit to Antarctica around which Gondwana once existed, is like going back to past as it gives us an understanding of evolution and extinction, ozone and carbon, where humankind came from, and where it is headed.

Page no. 20

Que. What are the indications for the future of humankind?

Ans. All thoughtless activities of humankind such as increasing cities and megacities, cutting forests and turning those to concrete jungles, careless burning of fossil fuel, depleting ozone and increasing carbon dioxide, and global warming, melting ice caps and shields, our battle with other species for limited resources and other similar reckless activities point to a grim future for humankind. If concrete steps are not taken immediately, these drastic changes may lead to the end of the world.

Reading with insight

Que. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica’. How is the study of this region useful to us? Ans. Antarctica holds half a million-year-old carbon track records in its layers of ice. It gives us an understanding of evolution and extinction, ozone and carbon. A visit to Antarctica, around which Gondwana once existed, is like going back to the past. Witnessing the geological phenomena, such as the drifting of land masses and their spreading into countries, help us to know about the history of humankind. These are visible signs of where humankind came from and it gives us a clear understanding of where human life is headed if we do not take care of the environment. Actually seeing with our own eyes all these changes, make us understand that global warming is a real threat.

Que. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice Expedition? Ans. Geoff Green feels that students are the future generation of policy-makers. They should be provided an opportunity to have this life-changing experience at a young age in order to foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. It would help them to absorb, learn and act for the benefit of the planet. The youngsters still have the idealism to save the world and they need to understand that it belongs to them. So, to sensitize them, it is important to provide them the visible life changing experience.

Que. Why is Antarctica the place to go to understand the Earth’s present, past and future? The author states that to understand the earth’s present, past and future, Antarctica is the right place to go. Antarctica is relatively untouched in this respect as it has never had human population. It is relatively pristine. It holds in its ice cores half a million-year-old carbon records, trapped in the layers of ice. It embodies all that is pre-historic: cordilleran folds, pre-Cambrian granite shields ozone and carbon: evolution and extinction. The simple eco system and lack of biodiversity indicate how little changes in the environment can have big repercussions.

A visit to Antarctica and witnessing the geological phenomena, such as the drifting of land masses, glaciers receding and ice shelves collapsing makes us understand that global warming is a real threat. Hence, to study the earth’s past, present and future, these factors make Antarctica the best place to go.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English Ch-3 Journey to the End of the Earth : FAQs

Que. are the solutions for other subjects also available.

Ans. Yes, NCERT solutions for all the subjects are available on Adda247.

Que. What are the benefits of using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English from Adda247?

Ans. The benefits of using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English from Adda247 are:

• Along with NCERT Solution, the student is getting video explanations also.
• PDF is also provided that can be downloaded and saved for future reference.

Que .  How do the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas help you to score efficiently?

Ans. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English are prepared in a CBSE-specific format to score good marks in the board exam. The solutions created are 100% accurate as per the exam pattern and marks weightage designed by the prescribed board. By using the NCERT Solutions from ADDA 247, students will be able to understand the concepts effectively and score well in the board exams. Students can download the solutions and answer the textbook questions without any difficulty. It also helps students to get their doubts cleared immediately without carrying it for a longer period.

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Yes, NCERT solutions for all the subjects are available on Adda247.

What are the benefits of using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English from Adda247?

The benefits of using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas English from Adda247 are:

Along with NCERT Solution, the student is getting video explanations also. PDF is also provided that can be downloaded and saved for future reference.

How do the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Vistas help you to score efficiently?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English are prepared in a CBSE-specific format to score good marks in the board exam. The solutions created are 100% accurate as per the exam pattern and marks weightage designed by the prescribed board. By using the NCERT Solutions from ADDA 247, students will be able to understand the concepts effectively and score well in the board exams. Students can download the solutions and answer the textbook questions without any difficulty. It also helps students to get their doubts cleared immediately without carrying it for a longer period.

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Question 1:

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

The main source of gaining trustworthy knowledge of the history of humankind is to study geological phenomena. Millions of years ago, Gondwana, a supercontinent, got divided and consequently structured our globe. The study of the half-million-year-old carbon records that are trapped in its layers of ice has the potential to reveal answers to a lot of questions about the history of humankind. These geological phenomena can help us understand evolution and extinction.

Page No 20:

What are the indications for the future of humankind?

The ecological balance of the earth has been continuously receiving big setbacks since the evolution of human civilization. With the ever increasing population, the need for natural resources is automatically on a rise. Due to this, climate change is fast setting in. Unchecked burning of fossil fuel has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world. Along with this, the melting of glaciers and the subsequent rise in global warming  may lead to a catastrophe in the near future. The changes in the earth’s environment give indications that we need to change our ways of life before it is too late.

Page No 23:

‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Antarctica is an isolated island which has a lot to reveal. There are many geological phenomena which tell us a lot about the past, present and future of the planet. One such event was the breaking of the giant southern supercontinent, Gondwana, which gave way to the present globe marked into different continents as well as water bodies. Through this geological history, we can also understand evolution and extinction. The levels of ozone and carbon may reveal what drastic steps need to be taken to maintain a balance. Even the melting glaciers of Antarctica, lead us to the realization of the need to help revert the global warming.

With Antarctica's limited biodiversity, it is easy to see small changes bringing in big consequences. Thus, it can be said that the world's geological history is trapped in Antarctica.

Question 2:

What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Geoff Green started the program, Students on Ice , for high school students because he wanted to give them an opportunity to understand and value our planet. Students, being the future generation, need to take a closer look at the depleting environmental situation. They can put in their effort to bring about a change in the outlook of the society. He wanted to give the students hands-on experiences that will enable them to understand and shape the future of the world as policy makers.

Question 3:

‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

The statement, ‘Take care of the smaller things and the big things will take care of themselves’ has a universal relevance. Although the author has explained it with the example of phytoplankton,  the underlying meaning is that every person can contribute in his own little ways to protect the environment and society. If we take small initiatives like switching off the light when not needed, not using plastic bags, keeping a check on pollution by emitting less carbon dioxide, saving water etc., then the average global temperature will not increase. The glaciers of Antarctica will not melt, and the world may be saved of a possible early end.

Question 4:

Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

The continent of Antarctica is full of secrets of the earth's past, present and future. Through the study of this continent, one may understand the reason behind the division of the supercontinent, Gondwana, into the present day globe. Its study may reveal the importance of mountains and rocks like Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields. Antarctica was also the part of the habitat of Dinosaurs in the pre-human earth. The future of the earth is dependent on  its present. In the continent of Antarctica, one can get a clear picture of the consequences of the depletion of the natural resources. The ice-sheets are breaking, and thus, global warming is setting in. Also, the beauty of the existing ice covered oceans is a source of inspiration to do whatever is possible to save and preserve its natural resources. Thus, Antarctica is definitely the place to go to understand the world.

View NCERT Solutions for all chapters of Class 15

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 English Vistas Journey to the End of the Earth

The Author Tishani Doshi is a writer and dancer of Welsh-Gujarati origin. She was born in Madras, India, in 1975. She studied Business Administration and Communications at Queens College, Charlotte, North Carolina and gained a Masters degree in the Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. She moved to London in 1999, becoming assistant to the advertising department of Harper’s and Queen magazine. In 2001, she returned to India where she became a dancer with the choreographer Chandralekha. She also works as a freelance journalist, contributing to various newspapers such as The Guardian, The International Herald Tribune, The New Indian Express and The National. She has published six books of poetry and fiction. Her essays, poems and short stories have been widely anthologized. She currently lives on a beach between two fishing villages in Tamil Nadu with her husband and three dogs.

Introduction

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ is a travelogue. The narrator gives an account of her journey to Antarctica under the programme ‘Students on Ice’ led by Geoff Green in the Russian vessel ‘Academic Shokalskiy’. Under this programme, high school students are taken to the ends of the world and provided inspiring educational opportunities which will help them to encourage in developing a new understanding and respect for our planet. It provides the students an ample opportunity to understand how global temperature can be a big threat to human existence. It inculcates a new understanding in them. Geoff Green thinks that high school students are the future policy makers. He offers the future generations a life-changing experience at an age when they are ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act and can help in saving the earth from ecological dangers and the effects of global warming.

The narrator says if we want to understand the earth’s past, present and future, Antartica is the place to go. The study of this region is useful to us because the world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.

The author started her journey in a Russian research vessel, ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’ bound for Antarctica. Her journey began 13.09 degrees north of the Equator in Madras. She travelled over 100 hours in combination of car, aeroplane and ship before she set foot on the Antarctic continent.

The purpose of the visit was to know more about Antarctica. The author stayed there for two weeks. It is a place which stores 90 per cent of the Earth’s total ice volumes. It has no trees, billboards or buildings. The visual scene ranges from the microscopic to the mighty. Days go on and on in 24-hour austral summer light. Silence pervades everywhere. It is broken only by an avalanche or calving ice-sheet.

She wondered how there could have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass. Geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind. Six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant southern supercontinent—Gondwana—did exist. It was centred roughly around present-day Antarctica. The climate was much warmer then. There were a variety of flora and fauna. Humans had not arrived on the global scene yet. Gondwana thrived for 500 million years. Then came the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of mammals began. At that time, the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today.

Climate change is one of the most hotly contested environmental debates of our time. The most hotly contested debate of our time is whether West Antarctica Ice sheets will melt entirely or not. If we want to study the earth’s past, present and future, Antarctica is the place to go as it holds half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice.

Antarctica has a simple eco-system and lacks of biodiversity. It is the perfect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. Scientists warn that a further depletion of the ozone layer will affect the lives of the sea-animals and birds of the region. It will also affect the global carbon cycle. The burning of fossil fuels has polluted the atmosphere. It has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world. It is increasing the global temperature which is visible at Antarctica when we see ice bergs melting away. It shows how minor changes in the atmosphere can cause huge effect. If the global temperature keeps on increasing, the human race may be in peril.

The author gives us an example of phytoplankton to show how small changes in the atmosphere can be threatening. The microscopic phytoplankton are single celled plants. They nourish the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. They use the sun’s energy to assimilate carbon and supply oxygen. Any further depletion in the ozone layer may affect this functioning and indirectly affect the lives of all marine animals.

When the author returned, she was still wondering about the beauty of balance in play on our planet. Walk on the Ocean was the most thrilling experience of the visit. All the 52 persons on board put on breathable waterproof clothing and sun-glasses. They climbed down the gangplank and walked on the ocean. They were walking on a meter-thick ice-pack. Under the ice pack there was 180 meters of living, breathing, salt water. Seals were enjoying themselves in the sun on ice. The narrator was wondering about the beauty of the place. He wished it would become a warm place again as it used to be millions of years ago. If it happens, the results can be catastrophic.

Textual Questions

Q1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica: How is the study of this region useful to us?

Ans. The study of this region gives us an insight into the world’s geological history. It shows that India and Antarctica were part of a supercontinent named Gondwana. This supercontinent exists 650 million years ago. The climate of Gondwana was much warmer. It fostered a huge variety of flora and fauna. Then about 150 million years ago, dinosaurs were wiped out. The age of mammals started. Gondwana was forced to separate into countries and continents. The globe was shaped much as we know it today. It shows how slight changes in the climate can change the shape of the region. It gives the explanation how the climatic conditions of the earth were not favourable for life before and how slowly rising temperature made earth a place to sustain life. All secrets are embedded in the layers of ice in the form of half million year old carbon records.

Q2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Ans. Geoff Green took the high school students to one end of the world, to provide them the opportunity to develop respect and understanding for the earth. He wanted to make the future policy-makers to experience how difficult it would have been for the earth to sustain life by rising its temperature. He wanted them to understand that any interference in nature can cause drastic mishappenings in the future when the students see the ice shelves melting and collapsing, they can estimate the kind of environmental troubles ahead in their future.

Q3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans. Antarctica has simple ecosystem and it lacks biodiversity. Due to these two factors it is the perfect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big consequences. The author gives the example of very small, single-celled plants called phytoplankton. These grasses of the sea nourish and sustain the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. The phytoplanktons use the sun’s energy to absorb carbon. They also synthesise various organic compounds through photosynthesis.

Scientists warn that a further depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton. It will have a chain-reaction. The lives of all the marine animals and birds of the region will be affected. The global carbon cycle will be disturbed. So if we want the world to go on properly we must take care of the small things. Then the big things will fall into place.

Q4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

Ans. Antarctica gives us an idea, how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and how it got divided into various earth masses. The melting and colliding ice masses also give us an insight into how our future is going to be, if we continue with interference in the working of the nature. Moreover, Antarctica holds into the depths of its ice half-million year old carbon records, which are helpful in understanding the past, present and future of the earth. Therefore, Antarctica is the place which reveals our past, shows our present and visualizes our future.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth with Answers

Question 1. How does visit to Antartica help to understand the effect of global warming? (a) here one can see quickly melting glaciers and collapsing ice-shelves (b) it is filled with snow (c) it is away from urban rush (d) it has hidden treasures.

Answer: (a) here one can see quickly melting glaciers and collapsing ice-shelves

Question 2. The geographical phenomena is going to help us to know the history of mankind_________ (a) by showing the global warming (b) by showing the imapacts of global warming (c) by telling the age of existence of human beings on the earth (d) by exploring the world of ice

Answer: (c) by telling the age of existence of human beings on the earth

Question 3. Who is the author of the lesson Journey to the end of the Earth? (a) Tishani Doshi (b) Kamla Das (c) Jane Austen (d) Chitra Das

Answer: (a) Tishani Doshi

Question 4. What is the meaning of ‘epiphany’? (a) a moment of shock (b) a moment of great sadness (c) cacophony (d) a moment of sudden and great revelation or realization

Answer: (d) a moment of sudden and great revelation or realization

Question 5. The name of the programme that takes high school students to the end of the earth is ________. (a) Students of Ice (b) Students for Ice (c) Students above Ice (d) Students on Ice

Answer: (d) Students on Ice

Question 6. What does the author mean by “In that short amount of time, we’ve managed to create quite a ruckus”? (a) progress made by human race (b) destruction and disturbance caused by human race (c) stunning achievements of human race (d) None of the above

Answer: (b) destruction and disturbance caused by human race

Question 7. The synonym of ‘ubiquitous’ is __________. (a) abstract (b) complex (c) omnipresent (d) simple

Answer: (c) omnipresent

Question 8. The Drake Passage was created because of _________. (a) India drifting northwards (b) South America drifting off to join North America (c) North America drifting off to join South America (d) India’s collision with Asia

Answer: (b) South America drifting off to join North America

Question 9. Gondwana existed roughly around ___________. (a)110 million years ago (b)450 million years ago (c)250 million years ago (d) 650 million years ago

Answer: (d) 650 million years ago

Question 10. The narrator was aboard on the ship named ______ (a) World carrier (b) Academic Discovery (c) Akademik Shokalskiy (d) Denim Explorer

Answer: (c) Akademik Shokalskiy

Question 11. What was the name of the Southern Super continent? (a) Asia (b) Asia Pacific (c) Northern pole (d) Gondwana

Answer: (d) Gondwana

Question 12. What gives us an insight into the world’s geological history? (a) Study of Northern Pole (b) Study of Southern Pole (c) Study of Antarctica Continent (d) None

Answer: (c) Study of Antarctica Continent

Question 13. Which program was the author a part of? (a) Tour Program (b) Research Program (c) Students on Ice Program (d) None

Answer: (c) Students on Ice Program

Question 14. Why is Antarctica completely pure? (a) Because of ice (b) because of avalanches (c) because of melting glaciers (d) because of non-existence of humans

Answer: (d) because of non-existence of humans

Question 15. What used to flourished on Antarctica years back? (a) Animals (b) Tigers (c) Humans (d) Fauna and flora

Answer: (d) Fauna and flora

Question 16. What kind of atmosphere does Antarctica have? (a) coldest (b) driest (c) windiest (d) All these

Answer: (d) All these

Question 17. What was the center of the Gondwana Supercontinent? (a) Asia (b) Pacific (c) Antarctica (d) All these

Answer: (c) Antarctica

Question 18. How were the Himalayas formed? (a) by a collapse in the Gondwana supercontinent (b) by evolution (c) by deforestation (d) All these

Answer: (a) by a collapse in the Gondwana supercontinent

Question 19. How has the man created ruckus on the earth? (a) by travelling (b) by encroaching the earth (c) by visiting the iceland (d) none

Answer: (b) by encroaching the earth

Question 20. What disturbed the silence of the continent? (a) The birds (b) the animals (c) the humans (d) Avalanches

Answer: (d) Avalanches

Question 21. Why was Tishani Doshi filled with relief and wonder when she first set his foot on the continent? (a) to see its white expanse (b) to see its vastness and immense white expanse (c) to see the isolation from the rest of the world (d) All these

Question 22. What was the objective of the Students on the Ice program? (a) to make them travel (b) to make them see snow (c) to make them see white expanse in the form of ice (d) to enable them to think differently to save the planet

Answer: (d) to enable them to think differently to save the planet

Question 23. What was Gondwana? (a) An ancient tourist place (b) an ancient city in Antarctica (c) An ancient super continent (d) None

Answer: (c) An ancient super continent

Question 24. Who was Geoff Green? (a) Geoff was a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society and The Explorers Club. (b) A scientist (c) A traveller (d) A tourist guide

Answer: (a) Geoff was a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society and The Explorers Club.

Question 25. Why has the author called her journey as Journey to the End of the Earth’? (a) because it was too far (b) because no human race or plants exist (c) crosses nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and many ecospheres to reach there. (d) All these

Answer: (c) crosses nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and many ecospheres to reach there.

Question 26. Why is the Antarctica the right place to understand the past, present and future? (a) because half million-year-old carbon records are trapped in its layers of ice. (b) because of layers of ice (c) because of cold (d) none

Answer: (b) because of layers of ice

Question 27. Which programme aimed to take high school students to the end of the world? (a) The author’s delight (b) Teachers delight (c) School program (d) Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ programme

Answer: (d) Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ programme

Question 28. Why is a visit to Antartica important to understand the effect of global warming? (a) because here one can see quickly melting glaciers and collapsing ice-shelves (b) because it is filled with snow (c) because it is away from urban rush (d) None

Answer: (a) because here one can see quickly melting glaciers and collapsing ice-shelves

Question 29. What is the purpose of The Journey to the world’s most preserved place, Antarctica? (a) to tour the world (b) to see the beauty of the earth (c) to know the geography more closely (d) to sensitize the young minds towards climatic change

Answer: (d) to sensitize the young minds towards climatic change

Question 30. Who is the author of the lesson? (a) Tishani Doshi (b) Kamla Das (c) Jane Austen (d) Chitra Das

Question 31. If we want to know our earth, the human race and its past, present, and future where should we go? (a) Northern Pole (b) Southern Pole (c) Gondwana (d) Antarctica Continent

Answer: (d) Antarctica Continent

Question 32. How does the geographical phenomena help us? (a) how small changes cause big things to happen (b) it makes us study (c) it helps us to watch everything closely (d) none

Answer: (a) how small changes cause big things to happen

Question 33. Which program was a life changing program? (a) Tour and Travels (b) Know Antarctica (c) Know your earth (d) Students on Ice

Question 34. Where is the world’s geological history trapped? (a) on southern pole (b) On Northern Pole (c) on Asia Continent (d) On Antarctica Continent

Answer: (d) On Antarctica Continent

Question 35. Where does 90% of earth’s total ice exist? (a) Pacific region (b) Southern oceans (c) Northern pole (d) Antarctica Continent

Journey To The End Of The Earth Question Answer & Summary: NCERT

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"Journey to the End of the Earth" is a thought-provoking chapter included in the Class 12 English curriculum. This chapter takes students on an enlightening journey, emphasizing the importance of understanding Earth's past to make sense of the future. It's a narrative that combines travel, adventure, and deep scientific insights, making it a fascinating read for students.

The journey to the end of the earth question answer sections are crucial for students to delve into the various aspects of this chapter. These question answers help students understand the core themes of the chapter, including the significance of scientific research in Antarctica and its implications for understanding global warming and climate change.

For those looking for comprehensive study materials, the journey to the end of the earth important questions compile the most critical aspects of the chapter. These questions are often designed to test students' understanding of the text and encourage them to think critically about the issues presented in the narrative.

The summary of journey to the end of the earth is an excellent resource for students who need a quick recap of the chapter. It highlights the main points and themes, aiding in quick revision and recall. The journey to the end of the earth class 12 summary specifically caters to the syllabus requirements of Class 12, ensuring that all the key elements of the chapter are covered.

Journey to the end of the earth questions and answers are also a valuable resource. These resources typically include a mix of short and long answer questions that help students practice their writing skills and improve their understanding of the chapter.

In summary, Journey to the End of the Earth is not just a chapter in a textbook for Class 12 students; it's an invitation to explore and understand our planet's past, present, and future. With the right resources, including detailed question answers, summaries, and important questions, students can gain a deeper appreciation and understanding of this critical and timely topic.

CHAPTER 3: JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH SUMMARY

- by Tishani Doshi

The Story Retold

The Journey to Antarctica Begins

The narrator heads towards Antarctica aboard 'Akademic Shokalskiy, a Russian research vessel with a group of high school students. She reveals that Antarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent in the world. She commences her journey from Madras, crosses nine time zones, six checkpoints, three water bodies and many ecospheres to reach her destination. Travelling over hundred hours, she feels relief and wonders about the isolation of the continent and the historic time when India and Antarctica were a part of the same landmass.

Gondwana and the Shaping of the Modern World

The narrator takes the reader back to six hundred and fifty million years. At that time, Antarctica was a part of a giant amalgamated Southern supercontinent called Gondwana.

At that time humans had not arrived. The climate was warm and there was a huge variety of flora and fauna. For around 500 million years Gondwana existed. Eventually the landmass broke up and was forced to separate into countries. This shaped our present globe.

Narrator Wonders at Antarctica; Finds It Blissful

Belonging to a relatively warm country, the narrator who is a South Indian is shocked to be in place where 90% of the Earth's total ice volumes are stored! She feels she's walking into a giant ping-pong ball. There is no human life there and nothing to show that human life exists on this planet. She is surrounded by midges, mites, blue whales and limitless expanse of huge icebergs. The surreal twenty four-hour summer lights and eerie silence that is interrupted only by the breaking of an iceberg, is mind-boggling.

Human Impact on the Environment

Human beings have been on the Earth for about 12000 years. In this short span of time we have changed the face of our environment for worse. We have dominated the Earth by establishing cities and megacities. This has led to encroachment of Mother Nature. We are limiting resources on the planet for other creatures. Burgeoning population has added to our woes. The average global temperature is rising and the blanket of carbon dioxide around the world is increasing.

The Paradox of Climate Change

There are many unanswered questions about climate change and the narrator is alarmed by them.

Will the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely?

Will the gulf stream ocean current be disrupted?

Will the world come to on end?

In this debate, Antarctica has a major role to play. This is because as compared to other places it remains relatively ‘pristine' and contains half-million-years-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. The Earth's past, present and future lies hidden in Antarctica.

'Students on Ice' Programme

This programme aims at studying the ecological processes in Antarctica. The narrator works on this project on board Akademik Shokolskiy, It takes school students on the trip of Antarctica. The visit aims at generating a new awareness and respect for our planet in young, impressionable minds.

The programme has been in operation for six years. It is headed by a Canadian, Geoff Green. Earlier he used to take celebrities, retired rich and curiosity seekers to Antarctica for money. Gradually he got sick of those people who gave nothing to the Earth in return. So, he decided to take school students there. It was his firm belief that young minds could learn and act better about the potential hazards regarding the environment which our Earth faces.

The programme was a success because children could see with their own eyes collasping ice shelves and retreating glaciers. They realised that the threat of global warming was real.

Lessons to be Learnt

The greatest lesson to be learnt is little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. The microscopic phytoplankton are nourishment for marine animals and birds in the region. Any more depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of these grasses. This will in turn affect the lives of others in this region and the global carbon cycle. The phytoplankton leads us to conclude that if we take care of small things, the big things can be saved.

A Memorable Walk on the Ocean

The narrator says that the experience of strolling on the ocean at Antarctica was a never-to-be-forgotten incident for all. At 65.55 degrees South of equator, the narrator and the students were told to get down. They put on Gore-Tex ice shoes and Sun glasses. On over 180 metres of salt water, there was one metre thick layer of ice. It was a breathtaking experience to see crabeater seals sitting in the periphery. It was truly a memorable experience for all.

The Difference the Antarctic Trip Made

The author is overwhelmed with the beauty of balance in play on our planet. She has many questions in her mind for e.g., what would happen if Antarctica becomes a warm place? Will human beings survive on Earth? Whatever be the answers to these questions, she is full of optimism about the teenagers who are full of idealism to save the Earth after having made the trip of Antarctica.

NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 12 ENGLISH VISTAS CHAPTER 3

Questions (Page No. 23)

(Reading with Insight)

JOURNEY TO THE END OF THE EARTH QUESTION ANSWER  

Question 1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us?

Answer: The world’s geological history is indeed trapped in Antarctica. The study of the region of Antarctica gives us insight into the world’s geological history. This is because the current world is battling with the growing population and the extreme burning of fossil fuels has formed a blanket of carbon dioxide around the earth, which is the main cause of global temperature or warming.  Antarctica is a crucial element in the debate on climate change because it is relatively ‘pristine’. It is because 650 million years ago Gondwana land existed in the south part of the earth where Antarctica is currently situated. It contains a rich variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana flourished, later landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe, much as we know it today. All secrets are embedded in the layers of the ice in the form of 500-million-year-old carbon records. Hence, to study about earth’s past Antarctica is the best place.

Question 2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Answer: Geoff Green took the high school students to one end of the world, to give them the chance to develop respect and knowledge for the earth. He included high school students in the ice expedition because with students on the ice expedition he offered the future policymakers to experience how difficult it would have been for the earth to sustain life by raising its warmth. At a younger age when the process of good values develops in their life, it will also assist them in knowing more about their planet.

Question 3. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Answer: ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ is a relevant statement to the Antarctic environment. A small environmental change can give rise to dramatic developments. Because of the small biodiversity and simple ecosystem, Antarctica is the best place to study the small changes in the environment that give big consequences. For example, consider the microscopic phytoplankton — these grasses of the sea that feed and support the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. These single-celled plants use the sun’s energy to absorb carbon dioxide and manufacture organic compounds and the most important of processes is called photosynthesis. Scientists caution that more depletion in the ozone layer will affect the activities of phytoplankton, which in turn affect the marine life’s food chain. From this example of the phytoplankton, there is a great metaphor for existence: take care of the small things and the big things will fall into place.

Question 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?

Answer: Antarctica is the best place to understand the earth’s present, past, future because it holds in its ice cores, half a million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Antarctica gives an idea of how the earth would have been like millions of years ago and how it formed into different masses of earth. Antarctica has a vibrant diversity of flora and fauna is a rich heritage of the past. Therefore, Antarctica is a place to understand the earth’s present, past and future.

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Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12: Important Questions and Answers

If you're a student preparing for your Class 12 English exam, you may be wondering what to expect on the topic of "Journey to the End of the Earth". To help you prepare, we've compiled a list of important questions and answers that cover key themes, characters, and plot points from Class 12 Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth by Tishani Doshi. With these study materials, you'll be well-equipped to ace your exam and impress your teachers.

"The harder you work for something, the greater you'll feel when you achieve it." - Unknown

Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 Questions Answers

Q. No. 1) Multiple Choice Questions based on an extract:

You lose all earthly sense of perspective and time here. The visual scale ranges from the microscopic to the mighty: midges and mites to blue whales and icebergs as big as countries (the largest recorded was the size of Belgium). Days go on and on and on in surreal 24-hour austral summer light, and a ubiquitous silence, interrupted only by the occasional avalanche or calving ice sheet, consecrates the place. It’s an immersion that will force you to place yourself in the context of the earth’s geological history. And for humans, the prognosis isn’t good.

i. The ‘visual scale’ refers to

a. a measuring device

b. range of things one can see

c. visionary’s belief

d. the magnitude of preparation

Ans. Option (b)

ii. Four people give a reason for the author’s feeling while traveling.

Choose the option that correctly summarizes it based on your understanding of the extract.

a. Person 1

b. Person 2

c. Person 3

d. Person 4

Ans. Option (d)

iii. Select the option that correctly fits the category of ‘microscopic to the mighty’ out of the ones given below.

• trace of a skin cell: trace of a bird’s egg
• a grain of rice: field of wheat
• a scoop of ice cream: an ice cream cone
• a drop of water: Pacific Ocean

iv. Choose the option listing the elements that influence one to think of earth’s physicality.

• breakage of an iceberg from a glacier
• midges and mites
• a regularly seen avalanche
• summer light in the Southern Hemisphere

Ans. Option (c)

Q. No. 2) Read the given extract and answer the questions given:

Climate change is one of the most hotly contested environmental debates of our time. Will the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely? Will the Gulf Stream ocean current be disrupted? Will it be the end of the world as we know it? Maybe. Maybe not. Either way, Antarctica is a crucial element in this debate — not just because it’s the only place in the world, which has never sustained a human population and therefore remains relatively ‘pristine’ in this respect; but more importantly, because it holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice.

(Journey to the End of the Earth)

i. How does the absence of a human population in Antarctica make it significant in the climate change debate?

Ans. This makes it an important reference point for understanding the effects of human activities on the environment and the potential impacts of climate change.[The absence of a human population in Antarctica means that the region is relatively pristine and has not been subject to the same levels of human impact as other areas of the world.]

ii. Why is "climate change" described as a "hotly contested" issue in the extract provided?

This is so, because there _____.

a. is universal agreement on the causes and implications of climate change

b. is a planned path ahead about how to address climate change

c. are differing views on the causes and implications of climate change

d. are minimal reports of fresh threats to climate change

iii. The analogy of a time machine is an appropriate analogy for the role of carbon records in the study of climate change because ________________________.

Ans. ... just like a time machine would allow us to observe past events, carbon records allow us to observe past climate conditions. [ Carbon records allow us to study past climates by analyzing the air bubbles trapped in ice cores. They provide a glimpse into the Earth's atmospheric conditions at the time the ice was formed and can help scientists understand how the climate has changed over time.]

iv. Give one reason why the writing style of the extract can be called factual and informative.

Ans. (Anyone)

• ...because the writer presents information in a straightforward and objective manner
• ...because the writer applies a third-person point of view and avoids the use of personal opinion or emotional language
• ...because the writer uses a logical structure to present their argument (starting with the importance of Antarctica as a relatively pristine location, and then moving on to explain the significance of the ice cores and carbon records found there)

Q. No. 3) “Antarctica is a crucial element in this debate — not just because it’s the only place in the world, which has never sustained a human population and therefore remains relatively ‘pristine’ in this respect...”

With respect to the given statement from the text, choose the option to replace the underlined set of words.

a. stays as it is throughout the year.

b. becomes a perfect place to travel.

c. is left to be an uncorrupted area.

d. abides by the strict laws of nature.

Q. No. 4) Students on Ice, the programme I was working with on the Shokalskiy, aims to do exactly this by taking high school students to the ends of the world and providing them with inspiring educational opportunities which will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. It’s been in operation for six years now, headed by Canadian Geoff Green, who got tired of carting celebrities and retired, rich, curiosity-seekers who could only ‘give’ back in a limited way. With Students on Ice, he offers the future generation of policymakers a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act.

i. Students on Ice is …………. headed by Geoff Green. Select the option to fill in the blank correctly.

a. a travelogue

b. an expedition

c. a globetrotting

ii. Choose the option that marks the ODD ONE OUT based on your reading of the above extract.

a. Sumit donates 10% of his monthly income to environment-friendly NGOs.

b. Manmeet and her twin plant a new plant on their birthday every year.

c. Vivek invests in eco-friendly cosmetics that are packaged in plastic containers.

d. Afsana plans to devise a machine that recycles biodegradable wastes from home.

iii. Pick the option that characterizes the celebrities based on your understanding of the extract.

• overachiever

iv. Choose the option that lists the reasons for Green’s program.

• making youngsters realize the gory reality of the planet.
• provoking the youth to think about the future earnestly.
• giving a chance of exploring the north pole to the young generation.
• providing travel opportunities to students that were unfortunate.

Ans. Option (a)

Q. No. 5) Students on Ice, the programme I was working with on the Shokalskiy, aims to do exactly this by taking high school students to the ends of the world and providing them with inspiring educational opportunities which will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. It’s been in operation for six years now, headed by Canadian Geoff Green, who got tired of carting celebrities and retired, rich, curiosity-seekers who could only ‘give’ back in a limited way. With Students on Ice, he offers the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act.

i. Complete the sentence appropriately, with reference to the extract. The writer refers to educational opportunities as ‘inspiring’ because _____.

Ans. These educational opportunities would motivate them to work towards the good of the planet / allow them to observe first-hand that the planet needs to be respected/nurtured rather than abused.

ii. Which of the following would NOT be a life-changing experience?

a. Being given the lead role in a play.

b. Going on an adventure trip.

c. Playing a video game.

d. Meeting a great leader, you admire.

iii. Select the most suitable title for the given extract.

a. Adventure with a Mission

b. Adventure – The Spice of Life

c. The Wanderlust

d. Students of the Future

iv. Why does the writer refer to ‘act’ as more important than ‘absorb’ or ‘learn’?

Ans. Because having the right knowledge or inclination/ understanding is just half the job done. It fails to have an impact till it is applied/practiced/put to use in our actions.

Q. No. 6) ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’

Choose the option stating the significance of this statement depending on the textual context.

a. We should try to focus on smaller regions like Antarctica to improve the rest of the world.

b. We should tend to smaller grasses which eventually become a part of the food chain in order to expect bigger things like animal and human lives to change.

c. We should give more opportunities to the younger generation than the older generation if we want to see a change in the world.

d. We should save a little every now and then in order to explore bigger opportunities in terms of travel and tourism.

Q. No. 7) Choose the option that correctly represents the Venn diagram based on the statement given below.

‘Antarctica is the cosmic view of whatever is happening to our planet.’

a. Option 1

b. Option 2

c. Option 3

d. Option 4

Q. No. 8) The central idea of the text is given below as told by four students. Choose the correct option of the ones given below.

a. Student 1

b. Student 2

c. Student 3

d. Student 4

Q. No. 9) Choose the correct option with respect to the statements given below.

• Statement 1: Antarctica is a lesson in itself for the readers of the text.
• Statement 2: Antarctica gives an insight into the damage being done to Earth by humanity.

a. Statement 1 can be inferred but Statement 2 cannot be inferred from the text.

b. Statement 1 cannot be inferred but Statement 2 can be inferred from the text.

c. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 can be inferred from the text.

d. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 cannot be inferred from the text.

Q. No. 10) Antarctica is a doorway to the past. Explain.

Ans. Antarctica is considered a doorway to the past because its ice sheets preserve historical records in the form of ice cores, which contain air bubbles and chemical traces, providing valuable information about Earth's climate and atmosphere from hundreds of thousands of years ago.

Q. No. 11) Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past, and future?

Ans. Antarctica is the ideal destination to comprehend the Earth's present, past, and future due to its unique characteristics. The continent's pristine and isolated environment preserves records of past climate and geological events in ice cores and rock formations. By studying Antarctica, scientists can unravel the Earth's climate history, understand present changes, and predict future trends. Additionally, the region's extreme conditions provide insights into how ecosystems adapt and respond to environmental shifts, offering valuable knowledge for addressing global challenges such as climate change.

Q. No. 12) For the narrator, spending two weeks in Antarctica is a challenge not only for the body but also for the mind. Elaborate.

Ans. For the narrator, spending two weeks in Antarctica poses not only physical but also mental challenges. The extreme and isolated environment of Antarctica pushes the limits of the narrator's body, with freezing temperatures, harsh winds, and difficult terrain. However, the vast emptiness and desolation of the landscape also take a toll on the mind, evoking feelings of insignificance and introspection. The absence of familiar human activity and the overwhelming silence can lead to a sense of isolation and introspective contemplation, making it a mental challenge as well.

Q. No. 13) Based on the chapter, elucidate any three consequences that global warming will have on Antarctica.

Ans. Based on the chapter, three consequences of global warming in Antarctica are:

• Melting Ice Sheets: Rising temperatures contribute to the melting of ice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica. This leads to increased sea levels globally, posing a threat to coastal areas and low-lying islands.
• Disruption of Ecosystems: Global warming affects the delicate balance of Antarctic ecosystems. Changing temperatures can impact the survival of various species, including penguins, seals, and krill, which are crucial components of the food chain.
• Shift in Ocean Currents: The melting of Antarctic ice can alter ocean currents, affecting global climate patterns. Changes in ocean circulation can lead to variations in weather patterns, such as altering rainfall distribution and intensifying storms in different parts of the world.

Q. No. 14) Antarctica is unlike any other place on Earth. Justify the statement.

Ans. Antarctica is truly unlike any other place on Earth due to several distinct characteristics.

• Firstly, it is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, with average temperatures far below freezing and extremely low precipitation.
• Secondly, it is the most isolated and remote continent, with vast expanses of uninhabited land and no permanent human population.
• Lastly, Antarctica boasts unique wildlife, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, which have adapted to survive in this extreme environment.

These exceptional features make Antarctica a truly unparalleled and remarkable place on our planet.

Q. No. 15) What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Ans. Geoff Green includes high school students in the Students on Ice expedition for several reasons. Firstly, he believes in the power of early exposure and education to shape young minds and create informed global citizens. By providing students with firsthand experiences in the polar regions, they gain a deeper understanding of environmental issues and the urgency of taking action. Secondly, Geoff Green recognizes that young people are the future leaders and decision-makers who will inherit the Earth. By involving them in the expedition, he aims to empower and inspire them to become advocates for environmental stewardship, driving positive change in their communities and beyond.

Q. No. 16) Students on Ice is a programme that prepares global citizens. Discuss.

Ans. Students on Ice is a program that prepares global citizens by providing educational expeditions to the polar regions. It offers students the opportunity to learn about the environment, climate change, and cultural understanding through firsthand experiences in these unique and fragile ecosystems. The program aims to inspire and empower young individuals to become informed and engaged global citizens, fostering a sense of responsibility towards the planet.

Q. No. 17) Identify Tishani Doshi's writing style in Journey to the End of the Earth and state two aspects that characterize it using examples from the text.

Ans. Descriptive style.

• She uses precise factual details in her writing / she pays close attention to detail such as the name of the vessel, the number of hours that took her to reach Antarctica, the number of time zones / the number of checkpoints / geological/historical facts to build her narrative / she divides her writing into three coherent parts, each with its individual heading for clarity
• She uses her words to create vivid word pictures/she uses visual imagery to compare ice-clad Antarctica to an endless stretch of 'stark whiteness', giving the reader a mental image of the place / She uses similes to bring the experience to life, saying that going to Antarctica 'is like walking into a giant ping-pong ball'.

Q. No. 18) ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans. The statement "Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves" holds relevance in the context of the Antarctic environment, especially when considering the example of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that form the foundation of the Antarctic food chain. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by converting sunlight and nutrients into energy, ultimately supporting the entire marine food web.

By taking care of the small things, such as preserving water quality and reducing pollution, we can ensure the well-being of phytoplankton populations. This, in turn, maintains the delicate balance of the Antarctic ecosystem, as phytoplankton serve as a vital food source for krill, which are then consumed by higher trophic levels such as penguins, seals, and whales.

Neglecting the small things, such as disregarding pollution or environmental degradation, can disrupt the intricate web of life in Antarctica. Therefore, by recognizing the importance of these microscopic organisms and prioritizing their protection, we contribute to the overall health and sustainability of the Antarctic environment.

Q. No. 19) The author of 'Journey to the End of the Earth' is Tishani Doshi who is now a famous poet and dancer.

As the narrator, write a speech discussing the impact of the Students on Ice programme on your life and writing.

You may begin this way:

The Making of a Writer

Dear audience members, I did not simply take to writing. Many experiences of my life forced me to pick up the pen…

Dear audience members,

I did not simply take to writing. Many experiences of my life forced me to pick up the pen, and among those experiences, one stands out—the transformative impact of the Students on Ice program. Allow me to share with you how this incredible journey shaped both my life and my writing.

When I embarked on the Students on Ice expedition to Antarctica, I had no idea what lay ahead. The vast expanse of icy landscapes, the ethereal beauty of the polar regions, and the profound silence awakened something within me. It was as if nature itself was whispering its stories, urging me to give them a voice.

The program not only deepened my understanding of climate change and the importance of preserving our planet but also introduced me to diverse cultures and perspectives. I interacted with scientists, explorers, and fellow students from around the world, each with their unique stories to tell. These encounters ignited a flame of curiosity within me, propelling me to explore and communicate the intricacies of our world through my writing.

The Students on Ice program instilled in me a profound sense of responsibility as a global citizen. It made me realize the power of storytelling and the ability of words to effect change. The raw beauty of Antarctica and the urgent need to protect it became the driving force behind my words.

Through my writing, I now strive to capture the fragility and resilience of our environment, to convey the interconnectedness of all living beings, and to inspire others to take action. The Students on Ice program has been the catalyst for this transformation in my writing, shaping my perspective and igniting a passion within me to advocate for our planet.

In conclusion, the impact of the Students on Ice program on my life and writing has been immeasurable. It has opened my eyes to the urgency of environmental issues, broadened my horizons through cultural exchange, and given me a platform to raise awareness through my words. I am eternally grateful for this transformative journey, for it has not only made me a writer but also a voice for the Earth.

Q. No. 20) Imagine an interview where Green is asked to explain more about his work and why he decided to initiate programs for students.

Keeping both Green's and the interviewer’s perspectives in mind, pen down this interview.

Interviewer : Good morning, Mr. Green. Thank you for taking the time to speak with us today. As the founder of Students on Ice, could you tell us more about your work and what inspired you to initiate programs for students?

Green : Good morning, and thank you for having me. Students on Ice is a program that aims to inspire and educate the next generation of global citizens about the importance of environmental stewardship. We organize educational expeditions to the polar regions, providing students with firsthand experiences in these fragile ecosystems.

Interviewer : That sounds fascinating. What led you to start this program?

Green : Well, throughout my career as a scientist and explorer, I witnessed firsthand the rapid changes occurring in the polar regions due to climate change. It deeply concerned me that the voices of young people, who will inherit the Earth, were not being heard. I wanted to create a platform where students could directly engage with these environments and learn about the urgent need for action.

Interviewer : That's commendable. How do you believe these expeditions benefit the students?

Green : The expeditions offer a unique opportunity for students to witness the beauty and vulnerability of these regions. They interact with leading scientists, researchers, and indigenous communities, gaining valuable knowledge and diverse perspectives. By immersing themselves in these environments, students develop a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of our planet and the impact of human activities. We believe this firsthand experience empowers them to become informed global citizens who can bring about positive change.

Interviewer : It's wonderful to hear how the program empowers students. Could you share any success stories or notable impacts resulting from the Students on Ice program?

Green : Absolutely. We've seen countless success stories over the years. Many of our alumni have gone on to pursue careers in environmental science, policy, and activism. They've become advocates for sustainability in their communities, driving change at both local and global levels. It's truly inspiring to witness the transformative impact our program has had on these young individuals, who are now leading voices for the protection of our planet.

Interviewer : That's remarkable to hear. Finally, what are your hopes for the future of Students on Ice?

Green : Our goal is to continue expanding our reach and providing opportunities to even more students from diverse backgrounds. We aim to foster a global network of passionate, environmentally conscious individuals who will lead the way in creating a sustainable future. By empowering young people through education and experience, we can make a significant impact on our planet's well-being.

Interviewer : Thank you, Mr. Green, for sharing your insights and the incredible work you're doing through Students on Ice. We wish you continued success in your mission.

Green : Thank you. It's been a pleasure. Together, we can inspire the next generation to protect and preserve our planet.

Q. No. 21) Imagine you are the narrator writing to your parents back home telling them about your experience in Antarctica and how it is similar to that back home in some ways.

Antarctica 02 August XX Dear mom ,

It is so different here. I can’t post this letter but I write to capture these amazing moments I am spending here. Antarctica is…

With love …

Antarctica 02 August XX Dear Mom,

It is so different here. I can't post this letter, but I write to capture these amazing moments I am experiencing in Antarctica. Antarctica is like another world altogether, a pristine and untouched wilderness that fills me with awe.

The vast expanses of ice and snow stretch as far as the eye can see, creating a sense of isolation and grandeur. It's as if time stands still here, and the silence is overwhelming yet comforting. In this remote place, I feel a connection to nature like never before.

Interestingly, amidst the icy landscapes, I have noticed some similarities to our home. The resilient wildlife that survives in these extreme conditions reminds me of the tenacity of the animals back home. Just as we have adapted to our environment, so have the penguins and seals adapted to this harsh terrain, finding ways to thrive despite the challenges.

Moreover, the camaraderie among the fellow explorers and scientists on this expedition resembles the sense of community we have back home. Despite coming from different backgrounds and cultures, we are united by our shared love for our planet and our desire to understand and protect it.

While Antarctica is unlike anything I have ever experienced, it reminds me of the importance of preserving our own home and appreciating the beauty that surrounds us. I am grateful for this opportunity to witness the wonders of this icy continent and to be reminded of the similarities that bind us all together.

[Your Name]

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Journey to the end of the earth: summary, questions and answers.

Journey to the End of the Earth: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English will have a summary, questions and answers, and pdf for the students. Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth, explains her journey to Antarctica in this chapter. Students from high schools are taken to Antarctica, the end of the world. It inspires the students to understand and respect our planet. Journey to the End of the Earth: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English is for the students of CBSE and HBSE of class 12 English.

Table of Contents

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Summary: Complete NCERT Solution

Tishani doshi, the writer of ‘journey to the end of the earth’: complete information.

Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth, explains her journey to Antarctica in this chapter. The summary will explain all the details of the chapter, ‘Journey to the End of the Earth. “The continent  of  Antarctica   makes up most of the  Antarctic region”. It is a very cold continent where cold water meets the warmer waters of the world’s oceans. “The Antarctic covers approximately 20 per cent of the Southern Hemisphere. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area.” National Geographic.

“Tishani Doshi  (born 9 December 1975) is an Indian  poet ,  journalist , and dancer based in Chennai . [1]  In 2006 she won the  Forward Prize  for her debut poetry book  Countries of the Body . Her poetry book  A God at the Door has been shortlisted for the 2021 Forward Forward Prize in the best poetry collection category. [2]” Wikipedia.

The summary of the chapter explains her journey to the coldest continent of the world, named Antarctica, the fifth-largest continent in terms of the area. She boarded a Russian research ship. She started her journey from Chennai. She was part of the group of 52 students named  ‘Students on Ice’. It was an educational tour to provide educational opportunities to learn about the continent. She travelled over 100 hours in a combination of a car, an aeroplane, and a ship. The journey consisted of nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and three ecospheres.

She found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape.

Human Impact on Antarctica: ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’

Antarctica has always been a part of history. It tells us our history of origin and our future life where we are going. It consists of Cordilleran folds and pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone, and carbon. It tells us about the evolution and extinction of humans. It tells us about human civilisation and tells us how we behave with nature by building villages, towns, cities, and megacities. The increase in the population has adversely affected our resources, and the burning of fossils has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which has become the main cause of global warming. Will the West Antarctic ice sheet melt entirely? These are the burning issues of global warming.

‘Students on Ice’ Programme: ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’

Students from high schools are taken to Antarctica, which is considered the end of the world. It inspires the students to understand and respect our planet. This programme is in operation and has been running for six years, headed by Canadian, Geoff Green, who offers the opportunity to people for a life-changing experience at an age when they can easily absorb, learn, and act. The programme is successful because it’s impossible to reach certain places alone. It provides the opportunity to realise the real threat of global warming. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was excellent for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives.

Translation by Google

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ की लेखिका Tishani Joshi  इस अध्याय में अंटार्कटिका की अपनी यात्रा के बारे में बताती हैं। सारांश ‘पृथ्वी के अंत की यात्रा’ अध्याय के सभी विवरणों की व्याख्या करेगा। “अंटार्कटिका महाद्वीप अंटार्कटिक क्षेत्र का अधिकांश भाग बनाता है”। यह एक बहुत ही ठंडा महाद्वीप है जहाँ ठंडा पानी दुनिया के महासागरों के गर्म पानी से मिलता है। “अंटार्कटिक दक्षिणी गोलार्ध के लगभग 20 प्रतिशत को कवर करता है। अंटार्कटिका कुल क्षेत्रफल के मामले में पांचवां सबसे बड़ा महाद्वीप है।” National Geographic.

“तिशानी दोशी (जन्म 9 दिसंबर 1975) चेन्नई में स्थित एक भारतीय कवि, पत्रकार और नर्तकी हैं। [1] 2006 में उन्होंने अपनी पहली कविता पुस्तक कंट्रीज़ ऑफ़ द बॉडी के लिए फ़ॉरवर्ड पुरस्कार जीता। उनकी कविता पुस्तक ए गॉड एट द डोर सर्वश्रेष्ठ कविता संग्रह श्रेणी में 2021 के फॉरवर्ड फॉरवर्ड पुरस्कार के लिए चुना गया है।[2]” Wikipedia.

अध्याय का सारांश दुनिया के सबसे ठंडे महाद्वीप के लिए उसकी यात्रा की व्याख्या करता है, जिसका नाम अंटार्कटिका है, जो क्षेत्र के मामले में पांचवां सबसे बड़ा महाद्वीप है। वह एक रूसी शोध जहाज पर सवार हुई। उन्होंने चेन्नई से अपने सफर की शुरुआत की। वह ‘स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस’ नाम के 52 छात्रों के समूह का हिस्सा थीं। यह महाद्वीप के बारे में जानने के लिए शैक्षिक अवसर प्रदान करने के लिए एक शैक्षिक दौरा था। उसने एक कार, एक हवाई जहाज और एक जहाज के संयोजन में 100 घंटे से अधिक की यात्रा की। यात्रा में नौ समय क्षेत्र, छह चौकियां, तीन जल निकाय और तीन पारिस्थितिक क्षेत्र शामिल थे।

उसने अंटार्कटिका को एक सफेद परिदृश्य के रूप में पाया, जो “दुनिया का सबसे ठंडा, सबसे शुष्क, हवा वाला महाद्वीप” है। यह एक अलग और विशाल महाद्वीप है। “यदि आप ग्रह के अतीत, वर्तमान और भविष्य के बारे में अधिक जानना चाहते हैं, तो अंटार्कटिका जाने का स्थान है।” बॉन यात्रा! गोंडवाना, एक विशाल दक्षिणी महामहाद्वीप, छह सौ पचास मिलियन वर्ष पहले स्थापित किया गया था। गोंडवाना महाद्वीप पर कोई मनुष्य मौजूद नहीं था। जलवायु गर्म थी, और यह “वनस्पति और जीवों” में समृद्ध था। यह 500 मिलियन वर्षों तक अस्तित्व में रहा जब डायनासोर का सफाया हो गया, स्तनधारियों का युग अस्तित्व में आया और विश्व की वर्तमान प्रणाली आकार में आई।

अंटार्कटिका पर मानव प्रभाव।

अंटार्कटिका हमेशा से इतिहास का हिस्सा रहा है। यह हमें हमारे मूल के इतिहास और हमारे भविष्य के जीवन के बारे में बताता है कि हम कहाँ जा रहे हैं। इसमें कॉर्डिलरन फोल्ड और प्री-कैम्ब्रियन ग्रेनाइट शील्ड, ओजोन और कार्बन शामिल हैं। यह हमें मनुष्यों के विकास और विलुप्त होने के बारे में बताता है। यह हमें मानव सभ्यता के बारे में बताता है और हमें बताता है कि गांवों, कस्बों, शहरों और महानगरों का निर्माण करके हम प्रकृति के साथ कैसा व्यवहार करते हैं। जनसंख्या में वृद्धि ने हमारे संसाधनों पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाला है, और जीवाश्मों के जलने से दुनिया भर में कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड का एक आवरण बन गया है, जो ग्लोबल वार्मिंग का मुख्य कारण बन गया है। क्या पश्चिमी अंटार्कटिका की बर्फ की चादर पूरी तरह से पिघल जाएगी? ये ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के ज्वलंत मुद्दे हैं।

‘स्टूडेंट्स ऑन आइस’ कार्यक्रम।(‘Students on Ice’ Programe)

हाई स्कूल के छात्रों को अंटार्कटिका ले जाया जाता है, जिसे दुनिया का अंत माना जाता है। यह छात्रों को हमारे ग्रह को समझने और सम्मान करने के लिए प्रेरित करता है। यह कार्यक्रम चल रहा है और छह साल से चल रहा है, जिसका नेतृत्व कैनेडियन, ज्योफ ग्रीन कर रहे हैं, जो लोगों को उस उम्र में जीवन बदलने वाले अनुभव का अवसर प्रदान करता है जब वे आसानी से अवशोषित, सीख और कार्य कर सकते हैं। कार्यक्रम सफल है क्योंकि अकेले कुछ स्थानों तक पहुंचना असंभव है। यह ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के वास्तविक खतरे को महसूस करने का अवसर प्रदान करता है। अंटार्कटिका में एक सरल पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र और जैव विविधता की कमी है, इसलिए पर्यावरण परिवर्तन के प्रभाव इस जगह पर स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई दे रहे हैं। इसलिए, भविष्य की पीढ़ियों के लिए हमारे भविष्य के जीवन पर ग्लोबल वार्मिंग के प्रभावों को समझने के लिए स्टूडेंट ऑन आइस कार्यक्रम एक उत्कृष्ट कार्यक्रम था।

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers, Summary, and MCQ: PDF

Complete reading skills solutions : ‘journey to the end of the earth’.

1. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

By the time I actually set foot on the Antarctic continent I had been travelling over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship; so, my first emotion on facing Antarctica’s expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon was relief, followed up with an immediate and profound wonder. Wonder at its immensity, its isolation, but mainly at how there could ever have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass

Q.1. How many hours did the author travel to land on Antarctica?

Ans. (B) 100

Q.2. How did she travel to Antarctica?

Ans. She travelled to Antarctica using a car, an airplane, and a ship.

Q.3. How was she welcomed in Antarctica?

Ans. She was welcomed by the white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon of Antarctica.

Q.4: What did the author feel on reaching Antarctica?

Ans. She felt relief.

Q.5. What did she see on Antarctica?

Ans. She saw Antarctica’s expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon.

Q.6. What were the wonderful things he noted in Antarctica?

Ans. She was astounded by the universe’s vastness and isolation.

2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent — Gondwana — did indeed exist, centred roughly around the present-day 2022-23 Journey to the end of the Earth 19 Antarctica. Things were quite different then: humans hadn’t arrived on the global scene, and the climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana thrived, but around the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of the mammals got under way, the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today.

Q. 1. When was Gondwana existed?

Q. 2. Where was Gondwana?

Q. 3. Was there any presence of human being in Gondwana?

Q. 4. How was the climate in Gondwana?

Q. 6. Why were there a huge variety of flora and fauna?

Q. 6. (a) After flora and fauna, the dinosaurs were wiped out.

(b) The age of mammals started.

(c) Later it was forced to disintegrate into various countries of today

(d) all are correct

Ans. (d) all are correct

3. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Human civilisations have been around for a paltry 12,000 years — barely a few seconds on the geological clock. In that short amount of time, we’ve managed to create quite a ruckus, etching our dominance over Nature with our villages, towns, cities, megacities. The rapid increase of human populations has left us battling with other species for limited resources, and the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has now created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is slowly but surely increasing the average global temperature……….

Q. 1. What does Antarctica tell us about our history?

Ans. : Antarctica tells us about our past and future.

Q.2. What is the effect of human civilization on nature?

Ans.It spoils our nature.

Q. 3. What is the result of burning?

Ans. It creates more carbon dioxide.

Q. 4. What is the effect of carbon dioxide on global temperatures?

Ans: Temperature increases due to carbon dioxide.

Q. 5. Which chapter did these lines come from?

Ans., Journey to the End of the Earth,

Q. 6. What is the name of the writer?

Ans. Tishani Doshi

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

4. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

Students on Ice, the programme I was working with on the Shokalskiy, aims to do exactly this by taking high school students to the ends of the world and providing them with inspiring educational opportunities which will help them foster a new understanding and respect for our planet. It’s been in operation for six years now, headed by Canadian Geoff Green, who got tired of carting celebrities and retired, rich, curiosity-seekers who could only ‘give’ back in a limited way. With Students on Ice, he offers the future generation of policy-makers a life-changing experience at an age when they’re ready to absorb, learn, and most importantly, act.

Q. 1. The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to

Ans: The research vessel “Akademik Sholanskiy” belongs to Russia.

Q. 2. What was the “Students on Ice” programme?

“Students on Ice” was the programme to take the high school students to the end of the earth.

Q. 3. What was the target audience for “Students on Ice”?

Ans. The target of the programme “Students on Ice” was to make them learn to respect the planet.

Q. 4. How long was the “Students on Ice” programme?

Ans. The “Students on Ice” programme lasted for six years.

Q. 5. Who was the head of the “Students on Ice” programme?

Ans. Geoff Green was the head of the “Students on Ice” programme.

Q. 6. To which country did the head of the “Students on Ice” programme belong?

Geoff Green was a Canadian citizen.

Q. 7. Why did Geoff Green prefer to work with the students?

Ans. Geoff Green preferred to work with students because they provide the greatest returns to society.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Text Book  Questions and Answers: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers are critical In the Class 12 English CBSE/HBSE exams.  Tishani Doshi, author of “Journey to the End of the Earth,” describes her trip to Antarctica in this chapter. The following are the key questions and answers from “Journey to the End of the Earth.”

Journey to the end of the Earth Reading with insight

Q. 1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind?

Ans: Geological phenomena are always helpful to us in understanding our history of origin and where we are heading. Tishani Doshi, the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth”, explains in this chapter the evolution of human beings with the help of her visit to Antarctica, which tells us about the origin of humans when dinosaurs were wiped out and then the age of mammals came into existence. This is how the current world order came into existence.

Q. 2. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica How is the study of this region useful to us?

Q. 3. What is unique and special about Antarctica? (HBSE 2020)

Q. 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future?(HBSE 2014,Sept.2019, 2020)

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Q. 5. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind in “Journey to the End of the Earth” ? 

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt?

Q. 6. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition?

Ans: Geoff Green, a Canadian, offers the opportunity to high school students to get a life-changing experience at an age when they can easily absorb, learn, and act.  The ‘Students on Ice’ Programme is successful because it’s impossible to reach certain places alone. It provides the opportunity to realise the real threat of global warming. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was an excellent programme for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives.

Q. 7. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.’ What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans: The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and a lack of biodiversity, so the impacts of environmental change have been visible in this place. Therefore, the Student on Ice programme was excellent for students to understand the impacts of global warming on our future lives, which are visible in Antarctica.

Q. 8. Why is the author filled with wonder when she reached Antarctica?

Q. 9. What was the first reaction of the writer when she set foot in Antarctica?

Ans: She had been travelling for over 100 hours in a combination of a car, an aeroplane, and a ship. She found Antarctica the most beautiful white landscape and an unexplored blue horizon. She felt relieved and wondered about its immensity and isolation. She wondered at the thought of how there could ever have been a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landscape.

Q. 10. How was Gondwana 650 million years ago? (HBSE 2010,2012)

Ans: Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Extra Small Questions and Answers: Complete Answer 

Q. 1. What is the name of the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth”?

Ans:  The name of the author is Tishani Joshi

Q. 2. What is she talking about in “Journey to the End of the Earth”?

Ans: The writer describes her journey to the coldest continent of the world, Antarctica.

Q. 3. Where is the end of the Earth?

Ans: Antarctica is the end of the earth.

Q. 4. What is the temperature in Antarctica?

Ans: The temperature of Antarctica is Very cold.

Q. 5. The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to

Ans: The research vessel, “Akademik Sholanskiy,” belongs to Russia.

Q. 6. Who is the organiser of the trip?

Ans:  Geoff Green

Q. 7. What is the name of the programme for Antarctica?

Ans: The name of the programme for Antarctica is ‘Students on Ice’ 

Q. 8. How long has this programme been going on?

Ans: Six years

Q. 9. Who is the head of this programme?

Ans: Geoff Green

Q. 10. For whom is the programme intended?

Ans: High School Students

Q. 12. Why is the programme only for students in high school?

Ans: The programme only for students in high school t o understand the future comfortably.

Q. 13. How many students were there in the program?

Q. 14. How much time does it take to reach Antarctica?

Ans: 100 Hours

Q. 15. How many time zones did she cover before she reached Antarctica ?

Q. 16. What is the colour of the landscape in Antarctica?

Q. 17. Where is the planet’s ‘past, present, and future’ to be found?

Ans: Antarctica

Q. 18. When was Gondwana established?

Ans: Six hundred and fifty million years ago

Q. 19. Were there humans on Gondwana present?

Q. 1. What was the climate of Gondwana like?

Q. 20. Gondwana was rich in…:

Ans: “flora and fauna.”

Q. 21. How long has Gondwana existed?

Ans: 500 million years

Q. 22. What is the most hotly contested environmental debate of our time?

Ans: Climate change

Q. 23. When did mammals come into existence?

Ans: After the extinction of dinosaurs

Q. 24. What does Antarctica tell us?

Ans: past, present, and future

Q. 25. How do humans affect nature?

Ans: Spoil nature

Q. 26. What is the cause of global warming?

Ans: Excess use of resources

Q. 27. What lessons can students take away from the “Students on Ice” program?

Ans: Protect Earth

Q. 28. Which gas is produced as a result of global warming?

Ans: Carbon dioxide

Journey To The End Of The Earth Long Questions and Answers: Complete NCERT Solution 12th English

Question.1 : , you have been the part of the programme on ‘students on ice’ in ‘journey to the end of the earth’. share your experiences of  the programme on ‘students on ice’ with the students of your class. include:  the way of journey, time to reach, atmosphere on antartica, and how do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind you can start the address: dear friends…...

Dear friends as all of you know that I have the part of the programme of the “Students on Ice” which had 52 students of high school . I am sharing my experience of the programme of the “Students on Ice”  to enhance your knowledge of the way of journey, time to reach, atmosphere on Antartica, and How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? I hope you will be excited to hear me on the programme.

By the time I actually set foot on the Antarctic continent I had been travelling over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship. It is a very cold continent where cold water meets the warmer waters of the world’s oceans. “The Antarctic covers approximately 20 per cent of the Southern Hemisphere. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent in terms of total area.” National Geographic. 

It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.” Bon Voyage! Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe came into shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

I hope, you might have got all the information and challenges on Antarctic continent.

Question 2:

How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind what are the indications for the future of humankind explain the the history of humankind using your knowledge of “journey to the end of the earth”..

Ans: Tishani Doshi, the writer of ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’, found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world”. It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to.

History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future. It is made up of carbon, ozone, pre-Cambrian granite shields, and Cordilleran folds. It provides information on the extinction and evolution of people. By creating towns, cities, and megacities, we demonstrate human civilisation and how we interact with the natural world. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt?

Question 3:

What makes antarctica an ideal subject of study is the title “journey to the end of the earth” relevant to the main ideas of the chapter.

The writer uses the title to explain his or her main ideas, and it must reveal the plot and theme of the chapter. Tishani Doshi, the writer of “Journey to the End of the Earth,” found Antarctica as a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world.” It is an isolated and immense continent. “If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go and an ideal subject to study as it is related to human existence.”

“Journey to the End of the Earth” explains the planet’s past, present, and future. The programme of “Students on Ice” provides an opportunity for the students to learn about the evolution of mankind. Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Hence, the title “Journey to the End of the Earth” is appropriate and suitable for the study of Antarctica.

Writing Skills on “Journey to the End of the Earth”.

Question 1:, reporting on the programme of the “students on ice”..

“If you want to know more about the planet’s past, present, and future, Antarctica is the place to go to. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna.” You have the part of the programme of the “Students on Ice”. Being a reporter of the newspaper, write a report on the programme of the “Students on Ice”.

Report on “Students on Ice”

By Sonakshi, The Times of India

March 20, 2023.

I got an opportunity to be part of the “Students on Ice” trip to Antarctica. The journey of the “Students on Ice” took more than 100 hours in a combination of a car, an airplane, and a Russian ship. Geoff Green directed “Students on Ice,” which taught the history of humanity in Antarctica to 52 high school students.

Antarctica was an isolated and immense continent, and the students were able to learn about the planet’s past, present, and future. We found that Antarctica was a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world.” Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape.

Antarctica was explained, the future of which is made of carbon, ozone, pre-Cambrian granite shields, and Cordilleran folds. It provided information on the extinction and evolution of people. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt? That was the question before the students on the “Students on Ice” trip to Antarctica. History has always included Antarctica. It explains our founding story and where we are headed in the future.

Article on: “Antarctica: The Effects of Pollution”

You are a student of the 12th class, and you have just gone through the chapter “Journey to the End of the Earth.” Write an article on “Antarctica: The Effects of Pollution,” explaining the history of mankind, the bad effects of pollution on Antarctica, and the result of the pollution.

Antarctica is a remote and vast continent that provides human protection. Antarctica is a white landscape, the “coldest, driest, and windiest continent in the world.” Gondwana, a giant southern supercontinent, was established six hundred and fifty million years ago. There were no human beings present on the Gondwana continent. The climate was warmer, and it was rich in “flora and fauna. ” It existed for 500 million years when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came into existence, and the present system of the globe took shape.

By creating towns, cities, and megacities, we demonstrate human civilization and how we interact with the natural world. Our resources have been negatively impacted by the growing population, and the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in a worldwide carbon dioxide ozone layer that is now the primary contributor to global warming. Is the West Antarctic ice sheet going to completely melt? Antarctica is the place to realize the impact of global warming and the future of the earth. Hence, we need to protect Antarctica for the benefit of mankind.

‘Journey to the End of the Earth’ Questions and Answers, Summary,and MCQ: PDF

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Journey to The End of The Earth Question Answer Class 12 | NCERT Solutions

Journey to The End of The Earth Question Answer and NCERT solutions are available here in this post, we have prepared these solutions very carefully so that any student can easily learn them. If you are one of those who are looking for Journey to The End of The Earth Question Answer, this post can definitely help you.

Table of Contents

Journey to the end of the earth question answer | ncert solutions, reading with insight (journey to the end of the earth question answer).

Q. 1 “The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.” How is the study of this region useful to us?

Ans . Some six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant amalgamated supercontinent Gondwana existed around present-day Antarctica. The climate was warm, there was a large variety of flora and fauna. Dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of mammals began. The landmass was forced to disintegrate into different countries, shaping the world as it is, today Countries like India, South America and many others came into existence Himalayas were formed.

Antarctica holds the key to understanding the significance of the Cordilleran folds, pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone and carbon layers. It can also tell us about the evolution and extinction of various species that inhabited the earth. After all the geographical changes, Antarctica came to be at the bottom of the globe, as it is today and became very isolated and frigid.

Q.2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the “Students on Ice” expedition?

Ans . Geoff Green got fed up with taking celebrities because they had only limited potential for making efforts to improve the environment. He took students because they are the future policy-makers and this experience would inspire a new understanding and respect for the earth. Moreover, they were of the right age to absorb, learn and act in a positive manner.

Q 3 “Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.” What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment?

Ans . The above statement is a great metaphor for survival. Antarctica has a simple ecosystem and it is a perfect place to study how small changes in the environment can have far-reaching effects. For example, phytoplankton is a single-celled plant that nourishes the entire Southern Ocean’s food chain. If this is harmed, it will affect the lives of all marine animals and birds of the region.

   Antarctica provides an answer to the earth’s past, present and future. 650 million years ago, a supercontinent called Gondwana existed and it was roughly around present-day Antarctica. Gondwana thrived for 500 million years ago when human beings were not on the scene. The climate was warmer and there were large varieties of flora and fauna.

Later on, during the age of mammals, this land mass got divided into different countries, continents and seas. Countries like India, South America and the Himalayas were formed and got fixed in their present position. This left Antarctica frigid and desolate at the bottom of the earth.

Antarctica helps us understand the problems in the present times also. Overpopulation, the burning of fossil fuels, creation of megacities, has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is increasing the average global temperature. The importance of the ozone layer, the carbon deposits and the processes of evolution and extinction are the lessons that we learn here.

Since Antarctica has never sustained any human population and has remained pristine, it offers a lot of material for research in the near future. It holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Moreover, when students go for a visit and see glaciers retreating, ice shelves collapsing, ice caps melting, they will realise that the threat of global warming is very real.

Journey to The End of The Earth Question Answer

Journey to The End of The Earth Extra Question Answers

Q. 1 How did the author reach Antarctica?

Ans. The author reached Antarctica after crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water and at least as many ecospheres. She travelled for over 100 hours. She had to travel by car, an aeroplane and a ship called ‘Akademic Shokalskiy.”

Q.2. What was Gondwana and how did it disintegrate?

 Ans. Gondwana was a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent that centred roughly around present-day Antarctica, six hundred and fifty million years ago. It didn’t have any human life. The climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna.

Q.3. What were the author’s initial reactions on reaching Antarctica?

Ans . The author had a feeling of relief as it was a very long journey. She was wonderstruck at Antarctica’s immensity, its isolation and its connection with India which was once a part of the same landmass.

Q.4. What historical knowledge does Antarctica provide?

 Ans . The study of Antarctica gives us an insight into how the earth would have looked millions of years ago and how it separated into countries, continents and water bodies. It can also tell us the significance of Cordilleran folds and pre-granite shields and the evolution of life on this planet.

Q.5. Why did Tishani Doshi call herself a ‘sun-worshipping South Indian”?

Ans. Tishani Doshi was a sun-baked South Indian who was very much accustomed to living in the crowded streets of Madras. She was now surrounded by an expansive white landscape and isolation. It was a chilling prospect for her.

Q.6. What are the reasons for the increasing global temperature?

Ans. Man’s dominance over Nature, the rapid increase of human population, the unmitigated burning of fossil fuel which creates a thick blanket of carbon dioxide around the earth and ever-increasing villages, towns and cities have increased global temperature.

Q.7. Why does Antarctica figure as a crucial element in our environmental concerns?

Ans. Antarctica is a crucial element in our environmental concerns because it holds in its ice-cores half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. We can visibly see the effects of global warming in Antarctica.

8. What strange things did the author notice in Antarctica?

Ans. Antarctica was devoid of any human markers – no trees, billboards or buildings. Days go on and on in a strange 24-hour austral summer light. One could see either microscopic insects or blue whales and icebergs as big as countries.

Q.9. What did the author feel on reaching Antarctica?

 Ans. The author felt immense relief. Antarctica was very different from the Earth. She could see white snow everywhere and had an uninterrupted view of the sky, which is not possible on the Earth. It was very quiet and peaceful.

Q.10. What was the most surprising thing about the supercontinent Gondwana?

 Ans. The fact the Gondwana had thrived for 500 million years without human beings was quite surprising. Moreover looking at Antarctica, one could never imagine how Antarctica and India had been a part of the same land mass Gondwana.

Q.11. What could have been some of the reasons for the disintegration of Gondwana?

Ans. Changes were taking place rapidly in Gondwana. First, the dinosaurs were wiped out, the age of mammals came much later. The entire land mass must have suffered some climatic changes, and some natural disasters, which forced it to break up into small pieces and form different countries.

Q.12. Why did the author feel that it was like “walking into a ping-pong ball”?

Ans . The author hailed from Madras (now Chennai), where there are a lot of people and dark colours in vogue. Seeing snow around and the smoothness of it, reminded her of a ping-pong ball, which is white in colour.

Q.13. Why does the author feel that human beings have created quite a ruckus?

Ans . Human beings have spearheaded destructive tendencies and have tried to exert dominance over nature. They have cut forests and created villages, towns and metro cities. The rapid increase in human population has multiplied all problems since there is a struggle to survive. The resources are limited.

Q.14. What is photosynthesis?

Ans . It is a process in which plants convert water and carbon into food by using energy from the sunlight.

Q.15. In what way can the further depletion of ozone disrupt the entire food chain of the Southern Ocean?

Ans. Phytoplankton nourish and sustain the entire southern food chain. Any depletion in the ozone layer will hamper their activity, which in turn, is going to stand in the way of the growth of the marine animals, birds and the entire global carbon cycle.

Q.16. Why does Tishani Doshi say, “My Antarctica experience was full of such epiphanies”?

Ans. The Magi brought unique gifts for baby Jesus. Tishani Doshi is also going back with valuable experiences, that she would treasure all her life.

Q.17. How were all 52 passengers appropriately dressed for the expedition?

Ans. All of them were fully kitted with Gore-Tex, spiked shoes to walk on ice and they were wearing sunglasses to protect their eyes from sunlight.

Q.18. Why has Antarctica remained ‘pristine’ for so many years?

Ans . Antarctica has remained ‘pure’ and ‘untouched’ because it has never sustained any human population. Million-year-old carbon records are lying safe, buried under layers of ice.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the end of the Earth

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English

Journey to the end of the Earth NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3

Journey to the end of the earth ncert text book questions and answers.

Journey to the end of the Earth Read and Find out

Question 1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? Answer: The geological phenomenon of separating various continents and water bodies from one compact landmass tells us about the age of existence of human race on the earth. Six-hundred-and-fifty million years ago, no human race existed on the earth because the environment was not favourable. After the time when the dinosaurs were wiped out, the mammals started existing and after the separation of landmass, the human race started flourishing on the earth.

Question 2. What are the indications for the future of humankind? Answer: The future of the humankind can get in danger if the emission of carbon-dioxide and other poisonous gases go on in the same manner. These gases deplete the ozone layer and allow the ultra-violet rays of the sun to enter the earth’s environment. This causes the rise in temperature of the earth and giving rise to the phenomenon called global warming. Increased temperature can melt the ice of the Antarctica, and cause other environmental problems, thus, jeopardising the future of human kind.

Journey to the end of the Earth Reading with Insight

Question 1. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica’. How is the study of this region useful to us? Answer: There was a giant southern super continent six-hundred-and-fifty million years ago. It was called Gondwana. Around 500 million years ago, Gondwana disordered into countries which exist today. Antarctica then was at the centre of Gondwana. The study of Antarctica gives us knowledge about where we have come from, and where we are heading. It may help us to know the significance of Cordilleran folds, pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone and carbon, and evolution and extinction.

Question 2. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the Students on Ice expedition? Answer: Geoff Green had always carted celebrities and retired rich people to Antarctica. He visualised that they would give back in a very limited way. He thus, took school students in his expedition as they would be the future policy-makers. At that age, they were competent to absorb, learn, and to act. By taking those students to the end of the world, a new understanding and respect for our planet would be fostered.

Question 3. “Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves.” What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctica environment? Answer: Antarctica has simple ecosystem and lacks biodiversity. Every change has huge repercussions there. This is easily seen in Antarctica. For instance, the tiny single-celled grasses and phytoplankton use sun’s energy to synthesise organic compounds. They help to sustain the whole food chain in the southern seas. And by chance, if they die, it would cause depletion of ozone layer, as they may not assimilate carbon and make organic compounds, the whole food chain will collapse. Take care of phytoplankton, the entire food chain may take care of itself.

Question 4. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future? Answer: During the short period of his stay on earth, man has led to confusion. He founded cities and towns, ruined nature and wiped out many species. By burning fossil fuels, he increased the global temperature. Its effects are readily visible on the Antarctica. Besides, half-a-million-year-old carbon records lie buried in the ice cores there. Thus, Antarctica is the right place to go to, if we have to, study the earth’s present, past and future.

Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions and Answers

Journey to the end of the Earth Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What was Akademic Shokalskiy? Where was it headed and why? Answer: Akademic Shokalskiy was a Russian research vessel which was heading towards Antarctica, the coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world to become a part of Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ programme.

Question 2. Describe the author’s emotions when she first set foot on Antarctica. Answer: Tishani Doshi’s initial reaction was relief as she had travelled for over hundred hours. This was followed by wonder at Antarctica’s white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon, its immensity, isolation and at how there could have been a time when India and Antarctica could have been a part of the same landmass.

Question 3. How is present day Antarctica different from Gondwana? Answer: Gondwana was a giant amalgamated southern supercontinent. The climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna. Gondwana thrived for about 500 million years. Subsequently, when dinosaurs were wiped out and the age of mammals happened, the landmass separated into countries, shaping the globe as we know it today.

Question 4. Why does the author say that to visit Antarctica is to be a part of history? Answer: It is only when you visit Antarctica that you realise all that can happen in a million years, where we have come from and where we could possibly be heading. We understand the significance of Cordilleran folds, pre-Cambrian granite shields, ozone and carbon, evolution and extinction.

Question 5. Why does Tishani Doshi describe her two weeks’ stay in Antarctica ‘a chilling prospect’? Answer: Accustomed to the warm climate of South India, being in a place where ninety per cent of the earth’s total ice is stored was a chilling prospect literally and metaphorically. It affected her metabolic and circulatory systems as well as her imagination.

Question 6. Why does one lose all earthly perspective in Antarctica? Answer: The author compares it to walking into a giant ping-pong ball, devoid of any human markers. There are no trees, billboards, or buildings. The visual ranges from the microscopic to the mighty, from midges and mites to blue whales and icebergs.

Question 7. Describe the brightness and silence that prevail in Antarctica during summer. Answer: Days go on and on in surreal twenty-four hour austral summer light, and an ubiquitous silence prevails, interrupted only by the occasional avalanche or calving ice-sheet.

Question 8. Explain: ‘And for humans, the prognosis isn’t good’. Answer: The human civilisation has been around for a mere 12,000 years—barely a few seconds on the biological clock. Yet we have managed to etch our dominance over nature with concretisation, battling for limited resources, and unmitigated burning of fossil fuel. This has created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is increasing average global temperature.

Question 9. Why is Antarctica a crucial element in all debates on climate change? Answer: Antarctica is the only place in the world that has never sustained a human population and is therefore, relatively ‘pristine’. More importantly, it holds in its ice cores half¬million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice.

Question 10. What was the objective of the ‘Students on Ice’ programme? Answer: The ‘Students on Ice’ programme aims to take high school students to the ends of the world. It provides them with inspiring educational opportunities which fosters in them a new understanding and respect for our planet. It offers the future generation of policy makers a life-changing experience at an age when they are ready to absorb, learn and act.

Question 11. What are the reasons for the success of the ‘Students on Ice’ programme? Answer: The author says that it is impossible to go so near the South Pole and remain unaffected. When you visibly see glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, you begin to realise that the threat of global warming is very real.

Question 12. What does the author describe as her best Antarctic experience? Answer: Just short of the Arctic Circle, this group of fifty-two people were made to walk on the ocean. The experience of walking on ice that seemed to stretch out forever, with the living, breathing ocean underneath, was nothing short of a revelation.

Question 13. How did the Antarctica amaze the writer when she first saw it? Answer: The Antarctica is perhaps the coldest, and the driest continent. The writer felt wonder struck by its immensity, its isolation, its uninterrupted blue horizon. She was amazed as to how there was a time when India and Antarctica were part of the same landmass.

Question 14. What was Gondwana? How did it look 650 million years ago? Answer: Gondwana was a super continent in the South. It was centred around Antarctica. 650 million years ago, there were no humans. The climate was much warmer, and a variety of flora and fauna thrived.

Journey to the end of the Earth Long Answer Questions

Question 1. What is the significance of the title, ‘Journey to the End of the Earth’? Answer: Tishani Doshi calls it a Journey to the end of this Earth’ because her journey was an educational one to Antarctica. She travelled aboard the ‘Academic Shokaskiy’, a Russian research vessel, along with a group of high school students, to learn more about the real impact of Global Warming and the future of planet Earth. They went to the coldest, driest, windiest continent in the world. Also, for the author, her journey started from Madras 13.09 degrees north of the Equator.

She crossed nine time zones, six check points, three bodies of water and as many ecospheres. After travelling for almost one hundred hours, in a car, aeroplane and a ship, she actually set foot on the Antarctic continent, which is in the extreme southern part of the earth, almost at its end. The warning signals that Antarctica gives are shocking and make the author realise that “the end of the earth” may become a metaphorical reality before long, unless humans take timely action.

Question 2. Describe the impact of Antarctica on the author. Answer: Tishani Doshi describes her Antarctica experience as “nothing short of a revelation”. It was a mind boggling experience to travel to reach the coldest, windiest, and driest part of the world. She was filled with wonder at its vastness, seclusion and geological history. Its isolation and immensity made it difficult to understand that there may have been a time when India and Antarctica were a part of the same landmass. Spending two weeks where day and night merge in an austral summer light, where the only sounds are that of avalanche or calving ice-sheets was a transcending experience.

It gave her – an invaluable realisation: if we take care of small things, the big things will automatically fall into place, that everything is interconnected. Her experience of a walk on the ocean over a metre thick ice, with 180 metres of sea underneath, was an eye-opening one. She came away, marvelling at the beauty of balance in nature, and a realisation of the pressing need to preserve it.

Question 3. What do we know about the geological history of Gondwana? How did the Antarctica become cold and barren? Answer: There was a super continent in the south about six-hundred-and-fifty million years ago. In the south, about 500 million years ago there were several changes. Dinosaurs were wiped out. Mammals began to develop. Gondwana was forced to break up into smaller landmasses. India drove away and jammed against Asia. It buckled its crust to form the Himalayas.

South America broke and drifted to join North America. It opened up the Drake Passage to create a cold current round the south pole. It left the Antarctica cold, isolated and barren. It is the coldest continent, having 90% of the earth’s total ice.

Question 4. How is man blamed for despoiling the earth and climate changes? How can you see the effect of these changes in Antarctica? Answer: Human civilisation is new. However, during the short period man has lived, he has created confusion and disturbances. He gained dominance over nature by building cities, towns and villages. Since human population is ever increasing, the need of natural resources also increases. Man has been conflicting with other species to grab these exhaustible resources. He has burnt fossil fuels. This has led to a blanket of carbon dioxide around the earth. It has raised the average global temperature.

The rise in temperature has led to climatic changes. We cannot fully appreciate the effect of these changes. If you go to the Antarctica, it has not been spoiled by man. Its ecosystem is simple. Any change easily affects it, and is easily visible. That is why, the narrator involved students on ice expedition to save future generations.

Question and Answer forum for K12 Students

Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 MCQ Questions with Answers English Chapter 3

We have compiled NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth with Answers Pdf free download. MCQ Questions for Class 12 English with Answers were prepared according to the latest question paper pattern. Practicing these Journey to the End of the Earth Class 12 English MCQs Questions with Answers really effective to improve your basics and learn all the key concepts.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth with Answers

Question 1. Name the program which aimed to take high school students to the end of the world? (a) The author’s delight (b) Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ programme (c) Teachers delight (d) School program

Answer: (b) Geoff Green’s ‘Students on Ice’ programme

Question 2. What is the aim of The Journey to, Antarctica? (a) to know the geography more closely (b) world tour (c) to sensitize the young minds towards climatic change (d) to see the beauty of the earth

Answer: (c) to sensitize the young minds towards climatic change

Question 3. The lesson Journey to the end of the Earth revolve around_______ (a) children and their tour (b) tourism (c) It revolves around the world (d) world’s most preserved place, Antarctica

Answer: (d) world’s most preserved place, Antarctica

Question 4. The study of our past is possible in Antarctica through_________. (a) Half-million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice (b) Cordilleran folds (c) pre-Cambrian granite shields (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

Question 5. When do you know that the threat of global warming is very real? (a) when you see the seals on ice floes (b) when you see the austral light (c) When you see glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing (d) All of the above

Answer: (c) When you see glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing

Question 6. What caused disturbance to the silence of the continent? (a) the humans (b) Avalanches (c) The birds (d) the animals

Answer: (b) Avalanches

Question 7. ‘And for humans, the prognosis isn’t good.’ This line means__________. (a) The future of mankind is not promising. (b) The future of mankind is secure. (c) The prognosis isn’t good enough to be relied upon. (d) The future of human kind is encouraging.

Answer: (a) The future of mankind is not promising.

Question 8. What is the figure of speech used in the line, “It’s like walking into a giant ping-pong ball”? (a) Metaphor (b) Alliteration (c) Pun (d) Simile

Answer: (d) Simile

Question 9. The author’s first emotion on facing Antarctica’s expansive white landscape was ____________. (a) wonder (b) relief (c) shock (d) disbelief

Answer: (b) relief

Question 10. Antarctica has been described as ___________. (a) coldest, driest, windiest (b) hottest and inhabitable (c) thriving with all sorts of life (d) All of the above

Answer: (a) coldest, driest, windiest

Question 11. If we want to know our earth, the human race and its past, present, and future where should we go? (a) Northern Pole (b) Southern Pole (c) Gondwana (d) Antarctica Continent

Answer: (d) Antarctica Continent

Question 12. How does the geographical phenomena help us? (a) how small changes cause big things to happen (b) it makes us study (c) it helps us to watch everything closely (d) none

Answer: (a) how small changes cause big things to happen

Question 13. Which program was a life changing program? (a) Tour and Travels (b) Know Antarctica (c) Know your earth (d) Students on Ice

Answer: (d) Students on Ice

Question 14. Where is the world’s geological history trapped? (a) on southern pole (b) On Northern Pole (c) on Asia Continent (d) On Antarctica Continent

Answer: (d) On Antarctica Continent

Question 15. Where does 90% of earth’s total ice exist? (a) Pacific region (b) Southern oceans (c) Northern pole (d) Antarctica Continent

Question 16. How old are the records trapped in the layers of ice on Antarctica? (a) 1 million year old (b) 2 million years old (c) half million-year-old carbon records (d) All these

Answer: (c) half million-year-old carbon records

Question 17. What are the reasons of increasing global temperatures? (a) cutting of trees (b) human activities (c) increasing pollution (d) All these

Answer: (d) All these

Question 18. What does the author compare the running and stretching of crabs to? (a) to melting glaciers (b) to avalanches (c) to stray dogs (d) None

Answer: (c) to stray dogs

Question 19. What is phytoplankton? (a) Oceans (b) Southern oceans (c) Microscopic grasses (d) None

Answer: (c) Microscopic grasses

Question 20. Why was the programme ‘Students on Ice ‘ a great success? (a) because of its arrangements (b) good travel facilities (c) good food arrangements (d) because of the life changing exposure to the youngsters

Answer: (d) because of the life changing exposure to the youngsters

Question 21. What were the writer’s feelings on reaching the continent? (a) of relief and amazement (b) tired and fatigued (c) sad (d) none

Answer: (a) of relief and amazement

Question 22. What are the important indications of the future of human kind? (a) melting glaciers (b) depleting ozone layer (c) increasing global warming (d) All these

Question 23. What wondered Tishani Doshi? (a) Beauty of the place (b) white expanse (c) Beauty of balance on the earth (d) None

Answer: (c) Beauty of balance on the earth

Question 24. How many years back were India and Antarctica part of the same landmass? (a) 100 million years back (b) 300 million years ago (c) 200 million years ago (d) 400 million years ago

Answer: (b) 300 million years ago

Question 25. Why is Antarctica a restricted place? (a) because it’s too cold (b) because of no life (c) because of snow (d) to protect the environment

Answer: (d) to protect the environment

Question 26. Why did the author visit Antarctica? (a) to have a better understanding of the planet (b) to see the white expanse (c) to enjoy the cold weather (d) none

Answer: (a) to have a better understanding of the planet

Question 27. Why did Geoff decide to take high school students on the journey? (a) to make them tour the world (b) to make them enjoy (c) to make them feel relaxed (d) to make them understand their planet and respect it.

Answer: (d) to make them understand their planet and respect it.

Question 28. What is there in Antarctica? (a) man’s history (b) snow’s history (c) geographical history (d) Geological history

Answer: (d) Geological history

Question 29. How will the geographical phenomena help us to know the history of mankind? (a) by telling the age of existence of human beings on the earth (b) by showing the global warming (c) by showing the imapacts of global warming (d) none

Answer: (a) by telling the age of existence of human beings on the earth

Question 30. What does the lesson revolve around? (a) It revolves around the world (b) tourism (c) children and their tour (d) the world’s most preserved place, Antarctica

Answer: (d) the world’s most preserved place, Antarctica

We hope the given NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 3 Journey to the End of the Earth with Answers Pdf free download will definitely yield fruitful results. If you have any queries related to CBSE Class 12 English Journey to the End of the Earth MCQs Multiple Choice Questions with Answers, drop your questions below and will get back to you in no time.

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A Total Solar Eclipse Is Coming. Here’s What You Need to Know.

These are answers to common questions about the April 8 eclipse, and we’re offering you a place to pose more of them.

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By Katrina Miller

On April 8, North America will experience its second total solar eclipse in seven years. The moon will glide over the surface of our sun, casting a shadow over a swath of Earth below. Along this path, the world will turn dark as night.

Skywatchers in Mexico will be the first to see the eclipse on the mainland. From there, the show will slide north, entering the United States through Texas, then proceeding northeast before concluding for most people off the coast of Canada.

Why eclipses happen is simple: the moon comes between us and the sun. But they are also complicated. So if you’ve forgotten all of your eclipse facts, tips and how-to’s since 2017, we’re here to explain it for you.

But before we dive in, there is one thing to know that is more important than anything else: It is never safe to look directly at the sun during an eclipse (except for the few moments when the moon has fully obscured its surface). At all other times, watch the event through protective eye equipment . Read on to learn about how to watch an eclipse safely.

What is a total solar eclipse?

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon orients itself between Earth and the sun, shielding the solar surface from our view.

In cosmic terms, it is unusual that this happens: the moon is about 400 times smaller than the sun, but it is about 400 times closer to us. That means that when these two celestial bodies are aligned, they appear to be the same size in the sky.

What other types of eclipses are there?

Annular solar eclipses occur when the moon is farther from Earth and appears too small to completely shield the sun’s surface. Instead, the outer part of the solar disk remains uncovered — a “ring of fire” in the sky.

Partial solar eclipses happen when Earth, the moon and the sun are imperfectly aligned. The moon only obscures a chunk of the sun. There will be two in 2025.

Earth can also get between the moon and the sun, creating a lunar eclipse. This can be observed once or twice a year .

How dark will it be during the eclipse?

In any given place along the eclipse path , the event will last around two hours or more.

The event will commence with a partial solar eclipse, as the moon takes a small bite out of the sun’s edge, then consumes more and more of its surface. According to NASA , this can last anywhere from 70 to 80 minutes.

The phase of the eclipse where the moon has completely blocked the sun’s surface is called totality. This is the only time the event can be viewed with the naked eye.

The length of totality varies by location. In April, some places will experience this phase for more than four minutes; others, for only one to two minutes.

During totality, the sky will get dark as night and the temperature will drop. Wispy white strings of light from the sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona, will suddenly be visible. Lucky viewers may even spot a thin, reddish-pink circle around the edge of the moon. That’s the chromosphere, an atmospheric layer below the sun’s corona. Its color comes from the presence of hydrogen throughout the layer.

After totality, the sun will slowly peek out from behind the moon again — another partial eclipse that will last the same amount of time as the first one. The moon will recede until the sun is back to normal brightness in our sky.

How can I watch the solar eclipse safely?

In general, avoid looking directly at the sun without special equipment to protect your eyes. Inexpensive options for watching the eclipse include paper solar viewers and glasses. If you are using equipment purchased for a past solar eclipse, make sure to inspect it. Toss anything with scratches or other signs of damage.

According to NASA , it is not safe to look at the sun through any optical device while using paper glasses or viewers. To watch the eclipse through cameras, binoculars or telescopes, buy a special solar filter.

The only time you can view a solar eclipse with the naked eye is during the moments of totality. Once the moon begins to reveal the surface of the sun again, return to watching the event through protective equipment to avoid injury.

What happens if I look at the eclipse without protection?

In general, staring directly at the sun, even for a few seconds, can cause permanent damage to your eyes . This can range from blurry or distorted vision to something even more serious, like blind spots. Because there are no pain receptors in the retina, you won’t feel it while it’s happening.

The same is true during an eclipse — except during the brief moments of totality, when the moon has hidden the face of the sun. At all other times, use protective eye equipment to view the event.

What do I do if I can’t find eclipse glasses?

If it’s too late to get glasses or viewers, there’s always a do-it-yourself option: a pinhole camera to indirectly experience the eclipse. You can create one using cardstock , a cardboard box , a kitchen strainer or even your fingers . These designs project an image of the eclipse onto the ground or some other surface that is safe to look at.

Where are the best places to watch the eclipse?

The total eclipse will sweep across large portions of Mexico, the United States and eastern Canada. For the most dramatic show, it’s best to experience the eclipse along the path of totality , which is where the moon will completely blot out the sun.

The Path of the Eclipse

On April 8, a total solar eclipse will cross North America from Mazatlán, Mexico, to the Newfoundland coast near Gander, Canada. Viewers outside the path of the total eclipse will see a partial eclipse, if the sky is clear .

Percentage of

the sun obscured

during the eclipse

Indianapolis

Little Rock

San Antonio

Viewers near Mazatlán, a beach town on the Pacific shoreline of Mexico, will be the first place to experience totality on North America’s mainland. Various sites in Mexico along the eclipse’s path will experience the longest duration of totality — as long as four minutes and 29 seconds.

Cities across the United States, including Dallas, Indianapolis and Cleveland, will most likely be hot spots for the upcoming eclipse. Other notable locations include Carbondale, Ill., which also saw totality during the solar eclipse in 2017; small towns west of Austin, Texas, which are projected to have some of the best weather in the country along the eclipse path; and Niagara Falls, if the skies are clear. Six provinces of Canada are in the path of totality, but many of them have a very cloudy outlook.

When does the eclipse begin and end?

The show begins at dawn, thousands of miles southwest of the Pacific shore of Mexico. The moon starts to conceal the sun near Mazatlán at 9:51 a.m. local time. Viewers near Mazatlán will experience totality at 11:07 a.m. for four minutes and 20 seconds.

Then the moon’s shadow will swoop through Mexico, crossing over the Texas border at 1:10 p.m. Eastern time. Totality in the United States will start at 2:27 p.m. and end at 3:33 p.m. Eastern time.

Canadians will experience the solar eclipse in the afternoon for nearly three hours. The eclipse concludes beyond Canada’s boundaries when the sun sets over the Atlantic Ocean.

How long will the eclipse last?

The duration of totality depends on how far a given location on Earth is from the moon. Places with the longest totality are closest to the moon and farther from the sun. The speed of the lunar shadow is slowest over spots with the longest totality.

In April, the longest period of totality will occur over Durango, a state in Mexico, for a total of four minutes and 29 seconds. Along the centerline, the location of shortest totality on land is on the eastern coast of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, for about two minutes and 54 seconds. But totality is even shorter along the edges of the total eclipse path; in some places, it lasts less than a minute.

How fast does the eclipse move?

Solar eclipses may seem to happen slowly, but the moon’s shadow is racing across the surface of Earth. Exact speeds vary by location. Eclipse calculators estimate the shadow will move between about 1,560 m.p.h. and 1,600 m.p.h. through Mexico, and more than 3,000 m.p.h. by the time it exits the United States. The eclipse will reach speeds exceeding 6,000 m.p.h. over the Atlantic Ocean.

When was the last total solar eclipse in the United States?

According to the American Astronomical Society , total solar eclipses happen once every year or so, but they can only be viewed along a narrow path on Earth’s surface. Many occur over water or other places that can be difficult to reach. A given location will experience totality once in about 400 years.

But some places get lucky: Carbondale, a college town in southern Illinois, saw the total solar eclipse in the United States on Aug. 21, 2017, and will experience another one this April. San Antonio experienced an annular eclipse last October, and is also in the path of totality for this year’s eclipse.

Do other planets experience solar eclipses?

Yes, any planet in our solar system with a moon can experience a solar eclipse. In February, a Martian rover captured Phobos , one of the red planet’s moons, transiting the sun.

The moons on other planets, though, appear either smaller or larger than the sun in the sky . Only Earth has a moon just the right size and at just the right distance to produce the unique effects of totality.

How will things on Earth change during the eclipse?

As the eclipse approaches its maximum phase, the air will get cooler, the sky will grow dimmer, shadows will sharpen and you might notice images of crescents — tiny projections of the eclipse — within them. Along the path of totality, the world will go dark while the moon inches toward perfect alignment with Earth and the sun.

Animals will also react to the solar eclipse. Bees stop buzzing , birds stop whistling and crickets begin chirping. Some pets may express confusion . Even plants are affected, scientists found after the solar eclipse in 2017 . They have diminished rates of photosynthesis and water loss similar to, though not as extreme as, what happens at night.

What if I can’t get to the path of totality?

Viewers in locations away from the eclipse path will see the moon partially blot out the sun, though how perceptible the effects are depends on the site’s distance from the centerline. (The closer you are, the more remarkable it will be.) Still, it won’t be quite like experiencing the eclipse during totality.

Remember that you should always wear protective eye equipment while watching a partial eclipse.

If you can’t make it to the path of totality but still want to experience it, many organizations are providing live video streams of the eclipse, including NASA and Time and Date . The Exploratorium, a museum in San Francisco, will also offer a sonification of the eclipse and a broadcast in Spanish.

What have we learned from solar eclipses?

In the 1800s, a French astronomer discovered the element helium by studying the spectrum of sunlight emitted during an eclipse. These events also allowed the first scientific observations of coronal mass ejections — violent expulsions of plasma from the sun’s corona — which can cause power outages and communication disruptions on Earth. Scientists also confirmed Einstein’s theory of general relativity, which says that massive objects bend the fabric of space-time, during a solar eclipse in 1919.

And there is more to discover. This April, NASA plans to fly instruments on planes to capture images of the solar corona, and launch rockets to study how the drop in sunlight during an eclipse affects Earth’s atmosphere. A radio telescope in California will try to use the moon as a shield to measure emissions from individual sunspots .

The public is joining the fun, too. During the eclipse, a team of ham radio operators will beam signals across the country to study how solar disturbances can affect communications. Some people along the path of totality will record sounds from wildlife . Others will use their phones to snap pictures of the eclipse to help sketch out the shape of the solar disk .

An earlier version of this article referred imprecisely to eclipse on other worlds. Some appear larger than the sun in sky, they are not all partial eclipses.

How we handle corrections

Katrina Miller is a science reporting fellow for The Times. She recently earned her Ph.D. in particle physics from the University of Chicago. More about Katrina Miller

There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause.

• While Earth’s climate has changed throughout its history , the current warming is happening at a rate not seen in the past 10,000 years.
• According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ), "Since systematic scientific assessments began in the 1970s, the influence of human activity on the warming of the climate system has evolved from theory to established fact." 1
• Scientific information taken from natural sources (such as ice cores, rocks, and tree rings) and from modern equipment (like satellites and instruments) all show the signs of a changing climate.
• From global temperature rise to melting ice sheets, the evidence of a warming planet abounds.

The rate of change since the mid-20th century is unprecedented over millennia.

Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 800,000 years, there have been eight cycles of ice ages and warmer periods, with the end of the last ice age about 11,700 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.

The current warming trend is different because it is clearly the result of human activities since the mid-1800s, and is proceeding at a rate not seen over many recent millennia. 1 It is undeniable that human activities have produced the atmospheric gases that have trapped more of the Sun’s energy in the Earth system. This extra energy has warmed the atmosphere, ocean, and land, and widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

Earth-orbiting satellites and new technologies have helped scientists see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate all over the world. These data, collected over many years, reveal the signs and patterns of a changing climate.

Scientists demonstrated the heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases in the mid-19th century. 2 Many of the science instruments NASA uses to study our climate focus on how these gases affect the movement of infrared radiation through the atmosphere. From the measured impacts of increases in these gases, there is no question that increased greenhouse gas levels warm Earth in response.

Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that current warming is occurring roughly 10 times faster than the average rate of warming after an ice age. Carbon dioxide from human activities is increasing about 250 times faster than it did from natural sources after the last Ice Age. 3

The Evidence for Rapid Climate Change Is Compelling:

Global Temperature Is Rising

The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and other human activities. 4 Most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on record. 5 Image credit: Ashwin Kumar, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.

The Ocean Is Getting Warmer

The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 100 meters (about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of 0.67 degrees Fahrenheit (0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969. 6 Earth stores 90% of the extra energy in the ocean. Image credit: Kelsey Roberts/USGS

The Ice Sheets Are Shrinking

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an average of 279 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost about 148 billion tons of ice per year. 7 Image: The Antarctic Peninsula, Credit: NASA

Glaciers Are Retreating

Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa. 8 Image: Miles Glacier, Alaska Image credit: NASA

Snow Cover Is Decreasing

Satellite observations reveal that the amount of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the past five decades and the snow is melting earlier. 9 Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Sea Level Is Rising

Global sea level rose about 8 inches (20 centimeters) in the last century. The rate in the last two decades, however, is nearly double that of the last century and accelerating slightly every year. 10 Image credit: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Norfolk District

Arctic Sea Ice Is Declining

Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades. 11 Credit: NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio

Extreme Events Are Increasing in Frequency

The number of record high temperature events in the United States has been increasing, while the number of record low temperature events has been decreasing, since 1950. The U.S. has also witnessed increasing numbers of intense rainfall events. 12 Image credit: Régine Fabri,  CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Ocean Acidification Is Increasing

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30%. 13 , 14 This increase is due to humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more being absorbed into the ocean. The ocean has absorbed between 20% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in recent decades (7.2 to 10.8 billion metric tons per year). 1 5 , 16 Image credit: NOAA

1. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, WGI, Technical Summary . B.D. Santer et.al., “A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere.” Nature 382 (04 July 1996): 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/382039a0. Gabriele C. Hegerl et al., “Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method.” Journal of Climate 9 (October 1996): 2281-2306. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2281:DGGICC>2.0.CO;2. V. Ramaswamy, et al., “Anthropogenic and Natural Influences in the Evolution of Lower Stratospheric Cooling.” Science 311 (24 February 2006): 1138-1141. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1122587. B.D. Santer et al., “Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes.” Science 301 (25 July 2003): 479-483. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084123. T. Westerhold et al., "An astronomically dated record of Earth’s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years." Science 369 (11 Sept. 2020): 1383-1387. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094123

2. In 1824, Joseph Fourier calculated that an Earth-sized planet, at our distance from the Sun, ought to be much colder. He suggested something in the atmosphere must be acting like an insulating blanket. In 1856, Eunice Foote discovered that blanket, showing that carbon dioxide and water vapor in Earth's atmosphere trap escaping infrared (heat) radiation. In the 1860s, physicist John Tyndall recognized Earth's natural greenhouse effect and suggested that slight changes in the atmospheric composition could bring about climatic variations. In 1896, a seminal paper by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius first predicted that changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could substantially alter the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. In 1938, Guy Callendar connected carbon dioxide increases in Earth’s atmosphere to global warming. In 1941, Milutin Milankovic linked ice ages to Earth’s orbital characteristics. Gilbert Plass formulated the Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate Change in 1956.

3. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, WG1, Chapter 2 Vostok ice core data; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record O. Gaffney, W. Steffen, "The Anthropocene Equation." The Anthropocene Review 4, issue 1 (April 2017): 53-61. https://doi.org/abs/10.1177/2053019616688022.

4. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/monitoring https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/ http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp

5. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20170118/

6. S. Levitus, J. Antonov, T. Boyer, O Baranova, H. Garcia, R. Locarnini, A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, D. Seidov, E. Yarosh, M. Zweng, " NCEI ocean heat content, temperature anomalies, salinity anomalies, thermosteric sea level anomalies, halosteric sea level anomalies, and total steric sea level anomalies from 1955 to present calculated from in situ oceanographic subsurface profile data (NCEI Accession 0164586), Version 4.4. (2017) NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/index3.html K. von Schuckmann, L. Cheng, L,. D. Palmer, J. Hansen, C. Tassone, V. Aich, S. Adusumilli, H. Beltrami, H., T. Boyer, F. Cuesta-Valero, D. Desbruyeres, C. Domingues, A. Garcia-Garcia, P. Gentine, J. Gilson, M. Gorfer, L. Haimberger, M. Ishii, M., G. Johnson, R. Killick, B. King, G. Kirchengast, N. Kolodziejczyk, J. Lyman, B. Marzeion, M. Mayer, M. Monier, D. Monselesan, S. Purkey, D. Roemmich, A. Schweiger, S. Seneviratne, A. Shepherd, D. Slater, A. Steiner, F. Straneo, M.L. Timmermans, S. Wijffels. "Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the energy go?" Earth System Science Data 12, Issue 3 (07 September 2020): 2013-2041. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2013-2020.

7. I. Velicogna, Yara Mohajerani, A. Geruo, F. Landerer, J. Mouginot, B. Noel, E. Rignot, T. Sutterly, M. van den Broeke, M. Wessem, D. Wiese, "Continuity of Ice Sheet Mass Loss in Greenland and Antarctica From the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On Missions." Geophysical Research Letters 47, Issue 8 (28 April 2020): e2020GL087291. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087291.

8. National Snow and Ice Data Center World Glacier Monitoring Service

9. National Snow and Ice Data Center D.A. Robinson, D. K. Hall, and T. L. Mote, "MEaSUREs Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Snow Cover Extent Daily 25km EASE-Grid 2.0, Version 1 (2017). Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/MEASURES/CRYOSPHERE/nsidc-0530.001 . http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/snow_extent.html Rutgers University Global Snow Lab. Data History

10. R.S. Nerem, B.D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B.D. Hamlington, D. Masters, and G.T. Mitchum, "Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era." PNAS 15, no. 9 (12 Feb. 2018): 2022-2025. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717312115.

11. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/sea_ice.html Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) http://psc.apl.washington.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/ http://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/projections-of-an-ice-diminished-arctic-ocean/

12. USGCRP, 2017: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp, https://doi.org/10.7930/j0j964j6 .

13. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F

14. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification

15. C.L. Sabine, et al., “The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2.” Science 305 (16 July 2004): 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097403.

16. Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate , Technical Summary, Chapter TS.5, Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities, Section 5.2.2.3. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/technical-summary/

Header image shows clouds imitating mountains as the sun sets after midnight as seen from Denali's backcountry Unit 13 on June 14, 2019. Credit: NPS/Emily Mesner Image credit in list of evidence: Ashwin Kumar, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.

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Holy Week 2024 | Catholic Answers Guide to Holy Week

What is holy week.

Holy Week is the most sacred seven days each year in the Catholic Church. It encompasses the crescendo of Lent, the sorrow of Good Friday, and the joy of the Easter Vigil leading up to Easter. Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday, a day on which Jesus enters Jerusalem triumphantly astride a colt (Luke 19:28–40; Zech. 9:9), yet also anticipates his Passion and death because people can’t reconcile his being both the Messiah King and the Suffering Servant (Luke 18:31–34; 22:37; see Isa. 52:13—Isa. 53:12). There are many other rich traditions and key events during the week, from Jesus’s institution of the Eucharist at the Last Supper on Holy Thursday to the solemn events of Good Friday, including the Stations of the Cross. Learn all about the holiest week of the year in the Catholic Answers Guide to Holy Week.

Exploring Holy Week: A Journey Through Catholic Traditions

Palm sunday: jesus enters jerusalem.

Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday, a day that echoes with the elated cries of “Hosanna in the highest heaven!” (Matt. 21:9). Jesus enters Jerusalem, where crowds lay palm branches at his feet, recognizing him as the long-awaited Messiah. The symbolic act of laying down palm branches was a gesture of homage reserved for kings and dignitaries in ancient Israel, in this case acknowledging Jesus as the rightful King of Israel (Mark 11:1–11; Luke 19:28–40; John 12:12–19). As Jesus enters the holy city riding a donkey, the crowd is filled with anticipation, reverence, and jubilation.

Holy Wednesday: A Day of Preparation

So he agreed, and sought an opportunity to betray him to them in the absence of the multitude (Luke 22:6).

Since Judas was acting as their spy, this day has become known as “ Spy Wednesday .” Some traditions consider it a day of preparation. A close study of the Gospels shows that the betrayal involves detailed and time-sensitive planning.

Maundy Thursday: Jesus Washing the Feet of His Disciples

Maundy Thursday, also known as Holy Thursday, commemorates the Last Supper. On Holy Thursday, Jesus institutes the Eucharist and washes the feet of his apostles. This is captured in John 13:5, which depicts the humility, service, and love of Christ that we, his disciples, are called to emulate. In a culture where washing feet was a task relegated to servants, Jesus, the Son of God, takes on the role of a servant and thereby ordains His apostles as the first ministerial priests of the New Covenant (see Matt 20:25–28; 18:1–4).

When he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, and resumed his place, he said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you? You call me Teacher and Lord; and you are right, for so I am. If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you” (John 13:12–15) .

The Holy Thursday foot washing ceremony has deep religious significance: according to Tradition, it represents the service and charity of Christ, who came “not to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Matt. 20:28).

The season of Lent ends on the evening of Holy Thursday, which commences the Easter Triduum or “Paschal Triduum ,” a three-day period named after Jesus’s offering Himself as the New Covenant Passover Lamb of God, and which concludes with Evening Prayer (Vespers) on Easter Sunday.

Good Friday: Commemorates Jesus’s Sacrifice of the Cross

Good Friday, the most solemn day of Holy Week, commemorates the Passion of Jesus Christ. It is a day of reflection, penance, and deep contemplation on the ultimate sacrifice made for the redemption of humanity. Christ’s Passion, culminating in his crucifixion and death, reminds us of the weight of our sin and the unfathomable love of God. Catholics around the world participate in solemn liturgies, reflecting on our Lord’s redemptive suffering, venerating the Cross, and receiving Holy Communion. They also pray the Stations of the Cross , in which the faithful meditate on our Lord’s journey to Calvary, a place also called “Golgotha,” meaning “skull.”

What are the Stations of the Cross?

Learn more about the Stations of the Cross—their origins, leading them at your parish, and other interesting facts—in this Catholic Answers video. [ Jump to 1:22 timestamp for the top questions and answers about Stations of the Cross].

Download our free printable PDF of the Stations of the Cross.

“ How to Pray the Stations of the Cross ”.

The Catholic Church observes the “Adoration of the Cross” during the Good Friday Celebration of the Passion of the Lord . In this ritual, the faithful approach the cross, often adorned with flowers, and venerate it with reverent gestures, such as kissing or genuflecting. It is a powerful ritual that encapsulates the deep sorrow of the day while acknowledging the transformative power of Christ’s sacrifice.

Finally, there is also reception of Holy Communion without the Sacrifice of the Mass, because Good Friday commemorates the day Our Lord offered Himself on behalf of us (Matt. 26:26–28).

Holy Saturday: A Day of Vigil and Anticipation

Holy Saturday is a day of vigil, a period of waiting and anticipation. The Easter Vigil, the summit of the Paschal Triduum on Holy Saturday evening, is a profound liturgical celebration that takes place after nightfall. This ancient tradition, dating back to the fourth century, marks the high point of the Triduum and thus ignites the celebration of our Lord’s Resurrection from the dead. At the Easter Vigil Mass, the Paschal—or Easter—Proclamation is made, which is part of the ceremony to light the paschal candle.

Known in Latin as “The Exsultet,” the Proclamation and the Easter Vigil’s baptismal liturgy symbolize together our journey from darkness to light and death to new life in Christ.

Easter Triduum: A Sacred Triad

The Easter Triduum—which “begins with the Evening Mass of the Lord’s Supper” on Holy Thursday, continues “through Good Friday with the Celebration of the Passion of the Lord . . . reaches its summit with the Easter Vigil, and concludes with Vespers [Evening Prayer] of Easter Sunday”— stands as the sacred triad culminating with the joyous celebration of Easter. It encapsulates the great mystery of Christ’s passion, death, and resurrection ( Paschale Solemnitatis, no. 27 ).

Ash Wednesday to Easter: A Season of Reflection

As noted, the journey of Holy Week also marks the conclusion of Lent, a season of 40 days of fasting, prayer, and repentance that begins on Ash Wednesday. This season of reflection prepares us for the intense spiritual pilgrimage of Holy Week, encouraging introspection and renewal. As Holy Week unfolds and we conclude Lent on Holy Thursday, we are invited to delve into the depths of our Catholic faith, contemplating the mysteries of redemption and salvation.

Holy Week is a sacred time full of deep symbolism, ancient rituals, and timeless truths. From the triumphant entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday to the solemn foot washing on Maundy Thursday, the commemoration on Christ’s Passion on Good Friday, and the anticipation and celebration of His Resurrection at the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday evening, each day holds a unique significance in Catholic Tradition. As we embark on this spiritual pilgrimage, we are invited to walk alongside Jesus and his disciples, witnessing the unfolding drama of salvation history. May Holy Week be for you a time of deep reflection, transformative worship, and a renewed commitment to the merciful love and sacrifice of Jesus Christ.

A Catholic Apologetics Prayer for Holy Week

Heavenly Father, in this sacred time of Holy Week, we implore Your divine guidance and wisdom. We meditate on the profound mysteries of our faith, especially the paschal mystery of Christ’s passion, death, and resurrection. Grant us clarity to articulate the beauty of these truths to those seeking answers. Strengthen our resolve to defend our beliefs with charity and conviction. May the grace of this season transform hearts and minds, leading souls closer to your truth and salvation. We humbly ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you forever and ever. Amen.

Holy Week Schedule 2024 | Find a Church Near You

Here’s a schedule of Holy Week 2024. Use our convenient search “ Find a Church Near Me ” so you can participate in the important events of Holy Week.

March 24: Palm Sunday of the Passion of the Lord

March 25 & 26: Monday and Tuesday of Holy Week

March 27: Holy Wednesday or Spy Wednesday

March 28: Holy Thursday: Evening Mass of the Lord’s Supper

March 29: Good Friday: The Celebration of the Passion of the Lord

March 30/March 31: Holy Saturday and Easter Vigil—Celebration of Easter Sunday of the Lord’s Resurrection Commences

March 31: Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of the Lord

Additional Resources for Easter 2024:

Quick Q & A

Why “Good” Friday if Jesus Suffered and Died?

Lenten/Easter Pack

Get Catholic Answers’ Lenten/Easter Pack , A selection of Books and Booklets to Make Your Lenten Journey More Meaningful! 5 books for only $30.

Online Course

Take our online course Evidence for Christ from Catholic Answers School of Apologetics.

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Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Vistas

Here we are providing Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions and Answers Important Questions Class 12 English Vistas, Extra Questions for Class 12 English was designed by subject expert teachers. https://ncertmcq.com/extra-questions-for-class-12-english/

Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Journey To The End Of The Earth Question Answer Class 12 Question 1. How do geological phenomena help us to know about the history of humankind? Answer: Geological phenomena helps us to know more and more about the history of humankind as only through it we come to know about the present, past and future of the Earth. How life was then and gradually how it shaped now. Scientists admit that world’s geological history is trapped under the layers of Antarctica.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Question Answers Class 12 Question 2. What are the indications for the future of human kind? Answer: Deplection of ozone layer, Reforestation, melting of glaciers, and the collapse of ice shelves clearly give the indications for the future of mankind that it is not safe if global warming continues, soon this mankind will banish from the planet ‘Earth’.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Extra Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 3. ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’ was heading towards Antarctica, why? Answer: ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’, a Russian Vessel was heading towards Antarctica with a troop of 52 peoples, to study and research the history of humankind under the guidance of Canadian Geoff Green.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Important Questions Class 12 Question 4. Name the programme and its objectives. Answer: The programme was ‘Students on Ice’ with the motive to give high school students, the educational opportunity to do the study of Antarctica.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Short Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 5. After reaching Gondwana, what were their reactions? Answer: They were highly exicted as they were at a remote area of the Earth where no mankind could sustain and totally peaceful environment existed, a place without trees, billboards and buildings.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Class 12 Questions And Answers  Question 6. Gondwana existed before six hundred and fifty million years. Explain. Answer: Six hundred and fifty million years ago, a giant amalgamated Southern super continent ‘Gondwana’ did indeed exist, centred roughly around the present- day Antarctica.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Questions And Answers Class 12 Question 7. How is Antarctica, a subject for debate for environmentalists? Answer: Antarctica is always a subject for debate for environmentalists because only Antarctica is undisturbed by human beings, whether it would melt, will the Gulf Stream ocean current be disrupted or will it be the end of the world; such many concerned issues are raised for debate.

Journey To The End Of The Earth Extra Question Answer Class 12 Question 8. How did they reach Antarctica? Answer: They travelled over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship. In this way, they reached Antarctica.

Extra Questions Of Journey To The End Of The Earth Class 12 Question 9. What was wondrous about Antarctica? Answer: Expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon and its immensity and isolation was wondrous about Antarctica.

Question Answer Of Journey To The End Of The Earth Class 12 Question 10. What is the pretty mind-boggling fact, one can observe? Answer: By the study of Antarctica, the fact: India pushing north words, South America driffting off to join North America and many others boggle the mind and produce many imaginations.

Journey To The End Of Earth Question Answer Class 12 Question 11. What types of sounds can be noticed/heard there? Answer: The sound of occasional avalanche or calving of ice sheets can only be heard in Antarctica.

Question 12. Why Geoff Green started to bring only students to Antarctica? Answer: Geoff Green noticed that celebrities and retired rich persons visit Antarctica only for entertainment but the students, who are the future policy-makers, took interest and ready to accept the challenge.

Question 13. Why Antarctica is the perfect place to study nature? Answer: Antarctica is the perfect place to study nature be-cause it has simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity; above all, it is untouched by human beings.

Question 14. Why the programme ‘Students on Ice’ became so successful?’ Answer: The programme became so successful because its impossible to go anywhere near the South Pole and not be affected by it. Through this programme, students got the educational opprotunities.

Question 15. What is photosynthesis? Answer: The process of converting light energy into chemical energy by plants is called photosynthesis.

Question 16. What various expanses did they cross to reach Antarctica? Answer: Nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water and many ecospheres were crossed by them to reach Antarctica.

Question 17. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the ‘Students on Ice’ Expedition? Answer: Canadian Geoff Green started this programme, ‘Students on Ice’ before six years of writing this chapter. The reasons for including high school students were to provide them most inspiring educational opportunities which would make them aware about the depletion of our ecosystem, create an understanding to save our planet as those teenagers still have an ideology to absorb, learn, and most importantly act.

Question 18. ‘Take care of the small things and the big things will take care of themselves: What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctic environment? Answer: Antarctic, because of her simple ecosystem and lack of biodiversity, is the perfect place to study/tell us how little changes in the environment can have big consequences. Single celled microscopic phytoplankton use the Sun’s energy to do the process of photosynthesis. And any obstacle in this process will affect the lives of all the marine animals and birds of that region, the global carbon cycle. Scientists warn and advise to take care of the small things and the big things will fall into plape.

Question 19. Why is Antarctica the place to go to, to understand the earth’s present, past and future? Answer: Only Antarctica on this earth presently is in its purest and original form as it holds in its ice-cores half million-year-old carbon records trapped in its layers of ice. Antarctica has never sustained a human propulation and therefore remains relatively ‘pristine’ in this respect. So Antarctica is the place to go to understand the Earth’s present, past and future.

Journey to the end of the Earth Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1. How did the writer justify the title journey to the end of the earth? Answer: The title ‘Journey to the end of the Earth is quite justified by the writer ‘Tishani Dosi’ through this chapter. A visit to Antarctica thrilled the whole troop and made them realized that Antarctica is the world’s coldest, driest and windiest continent. Their visit seemed to be very fruitful because without reaching there physically, one can’t experience the immensity and importance of Antarctica and its great role in balancing the ecosystem.

Writer found Antarctica still undisturbed by human beings and tried to understand where we’ve come from and where we could possibly be heading; through the deep study of this island. Writer presumed that without controlling the rapidly increasing global warming; we can’t stop the melting of ice specially glaciers and as it is known that Antarctica covers 90 per cent of the Earth’s ice, its sustainment is mandatory. Or in near future, Antarctica would be responsible (if not ceased the global warming) for the ruination of the Earth’s lives and in this way, the end of the Earth would be brought by Antarctica.

Question 2. Describe the journey to the Antarctica by the Vessel ‘Akademik Shokalskiy’. Answer: The journey starts with a troop of 52 peoples under the guidance of experienced Canadian Geoff Green, an educator and adventurer. He started the mission ‘Students on Ice’ to aware the teenagers about the present need of the escapement of Antarctica. Akademik Shokalskiy, a Russian Vessel headed towards the coldest, driest and windiest continent in the world: Antarctica.

Journey began 13.09 degress North of the equator in Madras, and involved crossing nine time zones, six checkpoints, three bodies of water, and at least as many ecospheres. They trevelled over 100 hours in combination of a car, an aeroplane and a ship and finally they reached to view Antarctica’s expansive white landscape and uninterrupted blue horizon where immensity and isolation made them wondorous and tireless.

Question 3. ‘Take care of small things and big will take care of themselves’. What is the relevance of this statement in the context of the Antarctica? Answer: The small things are having their own importance at their own place. Small things are combined produce their effect on big things. As phytoplankton are very tiny single-celled plants, but they nourish and sustain the entire Southern Ocean’s food proceedings, s Phytoplankton is the grass of Southern Ocean and 1 through the process of photosynthesis, they convert light energy into the chemical energy and supply food and provide oxygen to all the marine life (animals and birds). So very tiny plants are responsible for the survival of the life.

But global warming can affect the activity of these plants and also the whole ecosystem of the Earth. Sun’s energy is used to assimilate carbon and synthesize organic compounds by these plants. The rapidly increasing depletion of the Ozone layer will surely adversely affect this natural system. By any means, the depletion should be stopped to preserve our ecological balance and save whole mankind and all creatures from extinction. So, opening our eyes, we should take care of little things to care the big things automatically and naturally.

Question 4. ‘A lot can happen in a million years, but what a difference a day makes’. Explain. Answer: The author with a troop of 52 peoples visited the Earth’s coldest, driest and windiest continent of the world i.e. Antarctica where she was highly exicted finding the untouched, unhumane land without trees, billboards and buildings. The history of the world started from Antarctica itself and the secret of evolution and extinction can be studied through the study of Antarctica.

There is a prompt need to aware ourselves with this reality that if we’ve to save the mankind from extinction, we need to save the nature and Antartica is the best place for this purpose because it is covering 90 per cent of the Earth’s ice and hiding, under its layers, the mystery of the world. Writer spent two weeks with a group of teenagers under the leadership of Canadion Geoff Green, and after assuming the need of action, said, that a lot could happen in a million years, but what a difference a day makes.

Question 5. Geoff Green, a Canadian explorer and educator started to include high school students on the expedition ‘Students on Ice’. Explain why? Answer: Geoff Green, who, since -the starting, started to include celebrities, retired rich, curiosity-seekers to the Antarctica but they remained unhappy and dis-satisfied and also those men in power and position did not understand the problems facing mankind. They never gave any response in return and didn’t seem worried about the ecology.

Geoffs efforts remained futile and totally time wastage could be noticed. Geoff, then started to inculude the learners, willing persons and school students for the mission and it was also an opportunity for beginners to study more and more about our planet and ecosystem. These youngsters seem ready to absorb, learn and act immediately.

They realize the threat of global warming and can actually do something as they are the future policy-makers and also expected to act and solve the environmental problems. Thus, the expedition/movement started to give its results in a positive manner and people seemed to be aware for global warming.

Question 6. ‘The world’s geological history is trapped in Antarctica.’ How is the study of this region useful to us? Answer: The study of Antarctica is useful to us in very mysterious and revealing way. Six hundred and fifty million years ago, ‘Gondwana’ a super continent existed, centred roughly around the present day Antarctica. The climate was much warmer, hosting a huge variety of flora and fauna. For 500 million years Gondwana thrived.

Around the time, the landmass was forced to separate into countries, shaping the globe much as we know it today. A grasp of where we’ve come from and where we could possibly be heading; the evolution and extinction, can easily be understood through the study of this region.