Tides: A Fishing Game 4+

Idle fishing adventure, shallot games, llc..

  • 4.8 • 20.9K Ratings
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Many games include beloved fishing minigames that let you take a break from your primary objectives and just relax. With Tides, we seek to add a fishing minigame to whatever part of your day needs it. Tides is a small game, designed to be a meditative escape with serene visuals, calming music, and simplistic gameplay. Drive your boat across various expedition destinations, discovering and collecting a plethora of beautiful fish. Features: • Unlock new expedition destinations • Catch and collect over 50 fish • Unlock and upgrade new boats • Expand your home island to unlock new gameplay features We hope you enjoy our game! We're excited to continue expanding the game and adding new features. If you would like to chat to us directly, please stop by our Discord and say hello! https://discord.gg/shallotgames https://shallotgames.com

Version 1.3.8

-New Voyage Treasure Hunt! -New Voyage Rewards! -Bugfixes

Ratings and Reviews

20.9K Ratings

Such a relaxing game

Tides: A Fishing Game stands out as a gem in the mobile gaming world, captivating players with its serene and beautifully crafted environment. The game's premise is simple yet profoundly engaging: players embark on a peaceful fishing journey across various scenic locations, each rendered with exquisite detail and vibrant colors. The art style is a standout feature, with its calming pastel palette and charming character designs that evoke a sense of tranquility and escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. The attention to detail in the aquatic and natural environments creates an immersive experience that is both visually stunning and soothing. The gameplay in Tides: A Fishing Game is equally impressive, offering a perfect blend of simplicity and depth. Players find themselves seamlessly drawn into the world of fishing, where they can discover and collect a wide variety of fish, each with unique characteristics and behaviors. The intuitive mechanics make it easy for anyone to pick up and enjoy, while the gradual progression and collection elements provide a satisfying sense of accomplishment. Additionally, the game's sound design deserves praise; the gentle sounds of water, the subtle rustle of leaves, and a relaxing soundtrack all combine to enhance the immersive experience. This game is not just about fishing; it's an invitation to relax, unwind, and enjoy a beautifully crafted digital retreat.

caught my attention.

This game caught my attention since I first saw it, and it still does. From a person who plays so many games I know that they aren't always everything you’d expect it to be. I play games such as Roblox, Sky, Sims mobile and more. But this game relly stood out to me. In this game (SPOILER) you get to catch fish to get money then you can spend the money on things such as buying new items for your island. This game is so relaxing, to me. Every time I think it can’t get better it gets even better!!! But I do have a few suggestions! If this game had online play, OMG this would be the best game that ever existed bumping it up to a hole new level. It’d also be nice to be able to have your own house on your island and be able to buy furniture to customize your house. Kinda like animal crossing. I just unlocked the fourth island and I’m so exited to go check it out! Another thing I had a suggestion on is clothe’s I know I have Ted got that far in the game yet but, the clothes are always the same it’s like a shirt and a pair of shorts so I was wondering if you could add more clothing ? Or am I just not Farr enough into the game yet? Developers thank you sooo much for making this game and listening to my suggestions hope you add a few. Developers this game has also changed my perspective on games you guys set the bar pretty high.

Finally, an idle game that isn't a idle game!

Wow, where do I begin? This game is amazing. The graphics are cute and the ability to unlock different and yet vast diverse ships is the chef's kiss. My favorite is the flamingo. This game is a idle game in where you unlock the fisherman/fisherwoman assistant who sits on the dock and repeatedly fishes to give you coins to use to upgrade ships as well as the island. What makes this game stands out is the ability to upgrade your islands, fish and do random things like play with a giant beach ball. I haven't figured out the difference with the ships itself other than inventory sizes. Now, some ideas for the developers can you add more music choices when you unlock the drums. I would also love to explore the other islands as well you put so much details into the islands as well as the vast fish or fishes(different species of fish, google it.) it is a shame not to explore the islands and dig for treasure or do a quest that requires you to cut down a tree or interact with villagers. Just a though. Other wise it is a near perfect game that isn't just a idle game. The only game that is almost similar to this one is soda dungeon because it's a hybrid between RPG/adventure and idle.

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Lost Ark Deep Sea’s Hidden Treasure

Last updated Nov 8, 2022 at 10:02PM | Published on Oct 29, 2022 | Lost Ark , Sailing | 2

Lost Ark Deep Sea’s Hidden Treasure

Deep Sea’s Hidden Treasure is a map that leads to treasure hidden under the sea.

You rarely obtain them by completing a Sailing Gate and using a key.

Deep Sea Hidden Treasure Rewards:

  • Gold: 100+ gold, depending on luck
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Deep Sea's Hidden Treasure

and what about the maps? where are they drop?

GrumpyG

Hello! You spend keys that you get from Sailing Co-op events for Vern, Arthetine, and Anikka. Get more details under the section titled “Obtain a Deep Sea’s Treasure Map”

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Meet the adventurers scouring the sea for long lost treasures

Related articles.

More than four million shipwrecks are said to be hidden beneath the waves. BOAT meets the bold adventurers dedicated to discovering them - and bringing their cargo to the surface.

Suspended in 57 metres of murky water in the Java Sea above an enormous pile of cups, plates and jars, Luc Heymans had an eerie feeling. “I felt like I’d had one too many drinks,” he says.

He wasn’t intoxicated. What made him dizzy, aside from the depth he was no longer accustomed to, was the realisation that he was looking at a treasure of unimaginable value. What lay beneath him that day in February 2004 was the wreck of a 10th century open deck cargo ship and a half a million artefacts piled on a tumulus more than 30 metres high and spread over an area of nearly 1,600 square metres. “I knew I was in front of something phenomenal,” he says. The unidentified wreck was later called Cirebon, after a village 145 kilometres away on the coast of the island of Java.

Heymans spent 20 years as a world-class sailor before embarking on new adventures on board a converted Russian trawler that he chartered to various organisations. One of his clients was renowned underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio, who has brought to light civilisations that vanished in cataclysms and ships lost on ancient trade routes.

Heymans worked with Goddio in the Philippines before he decided to go it alone. “In the Philippines, you get a lot of information but very little of it turns out to be real, ”he says. “We wasted a lot of time, but it was fun.”

Then he got an interesting call about a wreck in Indonesia. Local fishermen are often the best source to identify wrecks. They know their waters better than anyone and can identify variations in colours and currents that can escape others. Sometimes a clue to what’s lying below comes to the surface, like a piece of pottery snagged in a fishing net. It was fishermen who tipped off the authorities about what became known as the Cirebon wreck. Heymans had heard lots of stories by now, but this time the local intel had been good. The wreck was real, and it was amazing. He negotiated with multiple Indonesian government modalities and permits, set up his company Cosmix Underwater Research and set out to work with a team of 75 people, 25 to 30 of them working on land to desalinate the pieces retrieved from the ocean floor. In all, it took 22,000 dives – each one lasting 25 minutes followed by around 90 minutes of decompression – to get most of the artefacts out.

He worked closely with specialists in ancient wood and metals and several museums, most notably The Royal Museum of Mariemont in his native Belgium, in addition to the Indonesian government who at the time proved less interested in the historical significance of the wreck than its monetary value.

The ship, somewhere around 32 metres, is thought to have sunk in the year 970, falling prey to the area’s strong currents and a heavy load of raw materials and goods from East Africa, Persia, India, Southeast Asia and China.

The discovery of this wreck showed historians that Islam had already reached Indonesia in the 11th century, two centuries earlier than commonly thought. Among the artefacts were Islamic prayer beads and a mould that served to make plates engraved with the name of Allah, plus 150 pieces in crystal rock, including a small fish that was designed to hold incense or perfume – one of Heymans’ favourite pieces. While aspirating the sand, the salvage team used a screen to prevent small pieces from getting trapped, recovering multiple coins, 4,000 rubies and 11,000 pearls in the process.

The recovery of such treasures is usually contentious. “Treasure is trouble,” says John Chatterton, an American wreck diver, who co-hosted the popular television series Deep Sea Detectives – and this find was no exception. When estimates for the hundreds of recovered objects reached sums in the tens of millions of dollars, the Indonesian government baulked at the agreement it had struck with Heymans and threw two of his head divers in jail. Eventually, after a much-publicised auction failed to attract bidders and the government was unable to find fault with the wreck salvage company, the Indonesian authorities relented. Cosmix was allowed to take the 50 per cent share that had been agreed to and quietly found a buyer. Qatar Museums was interested in what the treasure said about the country’s extensive historic trade connections and acquired the pieces.

Selling artefacts is what sets underwater archaeology and treasure hunting apart. But for a private salvage company, that is the only way to recoup expenses and maybe even make a profit, although that’s not easy.

Even successful treasure hunters, like the late Mel Fisher who became a multimillionaire after a nearly two-decade-long-search for the treasure of the Nuestra Señora de Atocha followed by a dogged legal fight against the state of Florida, have said they’re in it for the adventure. The gain is never certain. The old adage of finder’s keepers is more often than not a fallacy.

“You get out what you put in it,” says Jimmy Gadomski, a technical diver and yacht captain who has worked the wreck of the Pulaski, a steamship that sank off the coast of North Carolina in 1838 along with 128 of its crew and passengers and all their belongings. “There is money to be made, but the majority of this industry is going to be based on the thrill and excitement of treasure hunting.”

Finding shiny pieces of anything on the ocean floor often means entering a world of lengthy legal entanglements. Admiralty law is keeping courts busy globally, pitting investors, institutions and even entire countries against salvage companies. Spain has been particularly active in blocking dispersion of treasures it claims it owns, a fact that Heymans finds particularly ironic: “Where did Spain go steal all of this in the first place?”  He is also not a fan of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, which effectively prevents private companies from working wrecks 100 years and older. Few public institutions have the funds to salvage and preserve wrecks, and over time they degrade or fall prey to looters. “In the end, there remains no information for anyone,” Heymans adds.

More than 60 countries have signed on to the convention since 2001, the US being one exception, and that has redefined the business of treasure hunting at a time when it is easier than ever before to reach the bottom of the ocean.

This was very much on the mind of wreck divers seeking a pirate ship off the Dominican Republic in 2008, adding time pressure to the search. Chatterton and his partners were hired to locate the Golden Fleece, a ship that had been captained by British pirate Joseph Bannister. They were mindful the window was closing as the Dominican Republic looked to sign the convention. The country’s waters had been for years some of the most fertile for treasure hunters, along with the Bahamas and the American Southeast.

The floundering economies of Europe, and particularly Spain, fuelled the growing appetite for gold and silver extracted from the mines of the New World. During the early part of the 16th century, “virtually all shipping between Spain and New World was directed at Hispaniola”, according to pioneering treasure hunter and underwater archaeologist Robert F Marx. “Throughout the 16th century the waters of the New World were more or less a ‘Spanish lake’ and virtually all ships were Spanish built,” he writes in Shipwrecks in the Americas. The voyage was dangerous, the waters treacherous and five percent of the Spanish fleet never made it back home. Often the ships were wrecked in relatively shallow water and there were early attempts to recover the treasures they carried, even by contemporaries. However, early divers could not rely on much more than exceptional lung capacity, strong muscle and occasionally crude diving bells. More modern versions of these were used in early attempts to recover wrecks with some success.

Much more sophisticated technology has since come to the rescue. While technical divers are still essential to the recovery of sunken artefacts, a host of equipment is making it easier to pinpoint the location of wrecks.

Blue Water Rose , for example, a 24-metre commercial vessel operated by Blue Water Ventures International to search the Pulaski wreck is fitted with a side-scan sonar, caesium magnetometers, Overhauser gradiometers and advanced mapping and metal-detection software. It is also fitted, like many such ships, with prop wash deflectors that blow water straight down to create holes in the sand that divers then search for artefacts, pieces of iron, wood, anything that can establish the identity of the wreck. It is in one such hole that Gadomski found his most significant piece yet, the base of a candlestick with the inscription “SB Pulaski”, which established the identity of the wreck – and conferred rights to the salvage company.

Whereas in the 1970s treasure hunter Teddy Tucker surveyed the waters around Bermuda from a window washer chair hitched to a hot air balloon, today, ultralights that fit on a boat deck can be an integral part of the toolbox.

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and pocket subs are also affording underwater explorers new opportunities to go deeper and find wrecks where no one could go in earlier years. The late Paul Allen was fascinated with battleships from the Second World War. His Vulcan organisation used ROVs to confirm locations of wrecks detected by a battery of high-tech equipment able to scan the sea floor. An early mission using his explorer Octopus resulted in the recovery of the bell of British Navy ship HMS Hood from the deep North Atlantic in 2015 and the largest navy wreck ever found, the Japanese battleship Musashi, among others.

A couple of years ago, it was a different Allen and his fleet that made the cover of BOAT International’s US Edition. When he retired, Carl Allen decided to pursue, at least some of the time, his long-held passion for treasure hunting. “It was Fisher and his revelation that the ocean floor was basically littered with treasure that sparked the fertile imagination of a 20-something amateur diver. Instantly I got the disease, I almost went to work for the man,” he says.

After that meeting, off and on when time allowed, he did some diving around Puerto Rico and the Turks and Caicos and researched a famous wreck in the Bahamas. Once he was free from his daily business duties, he set out on an actionpacked retirement plan. He assembled a fleet for his company Allen Exploration , acquiring a Damen support vessel with space for an Icon A5 aeroplane and a Triton 3300/3 submarine to run alongside his 50-metre Westport , Gigi . And then, having negotiated permissions with the Bahamian government, he began surveying the waters where the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de las Maravillas met her demise in 1656. Of all the galleons, she was one of the most famous and Allen had been studying her for years. “I don’t need the money; I am in it for the history,” he says.

Marx, who has been called the true father of underwater archaeology and was later knighted by Spain, located part of the wreck in 1972. A couple of wreck salvage operations took place since but, as far as records show, only managed to find a minimal amount of coins or gold, or at least far less than what she was known to carry. Often the galleons also carried contraband far exceeding the declared goods in their castles. The Maravillas’ manifest kept in the “General Archive of the Indies” in Seville’s old merchants’ exchange was thousands of pages long and Allen, like many others, believes the bulk of the treasure, including a life-size statue of the Virgin Mary and child in solid gold – a way, Allen says, for the ailing King Philip IV to buy his way into heaven – are yet to be found. Allen’s search was paused after Hurricane Dorian’s destruction refocused his efforts on helping the Bahamas recover, followed by Covid-19 this year. But plans are afoot for the creation of a museum dedicated to the wreck.

On the other side of the planet, Heymans spends a lot of time on his 26-metre sailing catamaran Lonestar, which he charters, but the lure of sunken treasures isn’t diminished. “It goes back to childhood,” he says, “What do kids do in their sandbox? They dig for treasure. It’s true what they say: adults are still children, only the toys get bigger.”

When we caught up with Heymans in Indonesia in May, he was evaluating another wreck from which was recovered a cannon dated from 1617 that belonged to the East India Company. “If this interests someone, even a TV company, to do a partnership with Indonesia, this is certainly an interesting wreck and an opportunity to do a great archaeological operation,” he says

All told, there are an estimated four million wrecks beneath the world’s oceans, from the antiquity wrecks of the Mediterranean to modern commercial wrecks. And it seems every so often, treasure just washes up on a beach.  But where is the fun in that? It’s the search that is so exciting.

“Treasure hunting conjures up many romantic notions, but in addition to shipwrecks there are aircraft, military hardware,” says Rob McCallum, co-founder of EYOS Expeditions, who has spent his fair share of time exploring the deep as a diver and deep-submarine expert. “Each item represents a piece of history, a rich tapestry of archaeological artefacts stretching back through time and spread across the seafloor.”

Treasure for the tking

The Treasure of Lima

British Captain William Thompson went rogue in 1820 after he was hired to carry the Peruvian capital’s riches to safety on board the Mary Dear. Instead, he and his crew headed for Cocos Island, 500km off the coast of Costa Rica, where they buried the treasure, including gold statues of Madonna and child – or so the stories tell us. Pirates were also said to regularly stash their loot on the island. Yet more than 500 expeditions have failed to turn up much more than a few coins. Among interested parties over the years were Lord Fitzwilliam, who arrived on Cocos on board the yacht Veronique. Sir Malcolm Campbell built Blue Bird to sail to the island but died before he could set sail. Tara Getty, who bought Blue Bird, picked up the mantle a few years ago, taking his family on an adventure that included a stopover in Cocos, thus realising Campbell’s dream (read the full story at boatint.com/gettycocos).

The San Miguel

This Spanish galleon was trying to escape a hurricane in 1715 when it was wrecked off Amelia Island in Florida. It was the fastest in a fleet of 11 and loaded with the greatest cargo – its treasure is estimated at $2 billion. Amelia Research & Recovery LLC has been searching for the wreck for several years, but the ship and her treasure have yet to be found.

Santa Maria

One of the three ships from Christopher Columbus’s fleet to the New World was reportedly lost off Haiti on Christmas Eve 1492. In 2014, experts contested the claim of a treasure hunter who professed to have found her. She may still be out there or, as some purport, may never have sunk at all and may have been beached by Columbus and later burned by indigenous Haitians.

Flor del la Mar

This 360-tonne Portuguese merchant vessel sank in a storm while navigating the Strait of Malacca in 1511 and was ripped in two. The ship, according to Robert F. Marx, was “the richest vessel ever lost at sea, with its hold loaded with 200 coffers of precious stones, diamonds from the small half-inch size to the size of a man’s fist.” Treasure.net puts its value at $2.6 billion.

First published in the September 2020 issue of BOAT International.

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  • Published: 08 May 2019

Deep-ocean mixing driven by small-scale internal tides

  • Clément Vic 1   nAff8 ,
  • Alberto C. Naveira Garabato 1 ,
  • J. A. Mattias Green 2 ,
  • Amy F. Waterhouse   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-9831 3 ,
  • Zhongxiang Zhao 4 ,
  • Angélique Melet 5 ,
  • Casimir de Lavergne 6 ,
  • Maarten C. Buijsman   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-5957 7 &
  • Gordon R. Stephenson 7  

Nature Communications volume  10 , Article number:  2099 ( 2019 ) Cite this article

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  • Physical oceanography

Turbulent mixing in the ocean is key to regulate the transport of heat, freshwater and biogeochemical tracers, with strong implications for Earth’s climate. In the deep ocean, tides supply much of the mechanical energy required to sustain mixing via the generation of internal waves, known as internal tides, whose fate—the relative importance of their local versus remote breaking into turbulence—remains uncertain. Here, we combine a semi-analytical model of internal tide generation with satellite and in situ measurements to show that from an energetic viewpoint, small-scale internal tides, hitherto overlooked, account for the bulk (>50%) of global internal tide generation, breaking and mixing. Furthermore, we unveil the pronounced geographical variations of their energy proportion, ignored by current parameterisations of mixing in climate-scale models. Based on these results, we propose a physically consistent, observationally supported approach to accurately represent the dissipation of small-scale internal tides and their induced mixing in climate-scale models.

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Introduction

The deep ocean communicates with the atmosphere through a network of currents termed the meridional overturning circulation. Chokepoints of communication include upwelling currents across density stratification, maintained by turbulent diapycnal mixing. Decades of observations have revealed that the processes driving mixing exhibit prominent spatio-temporal variability, and are often energised in the proximity of complex topography 1 . In turn, recent theoretical and modelling investigations have shown that the spatial distribution of mixing strongly impacts the ocean state, highlighting an imperative to develop realistic and physically consistent representations of key mixing processes 2 , 3 , 4 . The generation and breaking of internal (or baroclinic) tides is a primary driver of deep-ocean mixing 5 , 6 , 7 . Lunisolar tides supply ~1 TW of mechanical energy to global internal tide generation outside of continental shelves 6 , which is approximately half of the 2 ± 0.6 TW required to fuel global turbulent dissipation and overturning 8 , 9 . Lunisolar tides lose their energy on interacting with major features of the seafloor topography, such as mid-ocean ridges and seamounts, and thereby transfer much of their energy to internal tides. Although the geography of internal tide generation is relatively well understood (as it depends, to first order, on well-known barotropic tidal currents and properties of the seafloor topography 10 ), the waves’ subsequent evolution and eventual fate are highly uncertain. As a result, parameterisations of tidally driven mixing in climate-scale ocean models are poorly constrained 7 , and mechanistic descriptions of the association between mixing and overturning suffer from fundamental knowledge gaps 3 .

Internal tides span a wide range of vertical and horizontal scales, and it is common practice to cast them into a discrete set of normal modes with distinct structures determined by the local stratification 11 . Observations show that low-mode (i.e., large-scale) internal tides are able to propagate over one thousand kilometres from their generation site, such that their breaking may contribute to far-field oceanic background mixing or remote mixing hot spots. In contrast, high-mode (i.e., small-scale) internal tides are prone to direct breaking, often triggered by wave-wave interactions 12 , and thus drive mixing in the near field of their generation site. The dichotomous fate of low-mode and high-mode waves calls for quantification of the modal partitioning of internal tide generation. Critically, this modal partitioning is directly linked to the parameter q , the fraction of locally dissipated tidal energy to local barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal energy conversion. This parameter is a cornerstone of parameterisations of tidal mixing 2 , 13 used in state-of-the-art climate-scale ocean models, such as the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4 14 ) and the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO 15 ). In these models, q adopts a constant value of 1/3, although the potential for significant spatial variability in q is acknowledged by several studies 16 , 17 , 18 .

In this paper, we present an estimate of the modal partitioning of global internal tide generation with a resolution of up to 50 modes, and show that its predictions are consistent with available observations of tidal energy conversion, radiation and mixing. We demonstrate that the generation of very high (>10) modes accounts for a remarkably large fraction (27%) of all tidal energy conversion. Contrary to current views, reflected in parameterisations of tidal mixing, near-field mixing, associated with locally generated high-mode internal tides, dominates tidal mixing on a global scale (>50%) and exhibits a strong geographical variability: the parameter q is widely distributed across values from 0 to 1. These findings have important implications for the representation of deep-ocean mixing and overturning in climate-scale ocean models, which we discuss.

Energy budgets and evidence of high-mode generation

We use a linear, semi-analytical model of barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal energy conversion based on the assumptions of subcritical topography and small tidal excursion 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 . The model takes into account the spectral shape of seafloor topography, the barotropic tidal currents and the frequencies of the system, and predicts the energy conversion as a function of wavenumber and azimuthal direction (see Methods). This spectral-space method relies on the same assumptions as real-space methods, which can also compute estimates of the modal partitioning of internal tide generation 23 . It however has the advantage of not predicting negative conversion rates 23 , 24 that are difficult to interpret physically. The calculation is performed globally on a 1/2° grid and gives, at each grid point, the energy conversion \(E_\omega ^n\) into mode n (with n  ≥ 1) for a tide of frequency ω . The highest mode resolved by our model depends on the resolution of the bathymetric data set, latitude, and stratification at each location; at mid-latitudes, it is approximately 50. However, the global bathymetry product does not resolve abyssal hills (topographic features with lateral scales of O (1–10) km that populate mid-ocean ridges), yet these are responsible for non-negligible energy conversion 25 . In order to account for this, we complement our model with a published independent estimate of tidal energy conversion by abyssal hills 25 , hereafter denoted \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{{\mathrm{hills}}}\) (only computed for the semidiurnal tide M 2 ). In the following, \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{{\mathrm{hills}}}\) is included in \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{n - \infty }\) for n  ≥ 1, except in Fig.  1 and associated discussion. Our estimates of energy conversion are corrected wherever topographic slopes are supercritical, as done in preceding studies 23 , 25 (see Supplementary Note  1 ). In the following, unless stated otherwise, we focus on the semidiurnal M 2 tidal constituent, which accounts for the bulk of tidal energy conversion in the deep ocean 26 .

figure 1

Regional and global energy budgets for the M 2 tide. Stacked histograms represent energy conversion into mode 1 ( \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1\) , starred areas), modes 2-∞ ( \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{2 - \infty }\) , here excluding \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{{\mathrm{hills}}}\) , diagonally hatched areas) and the contribution from abyssal hills ( \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{{\mathrm{hills}}}\) , vertically hatched areas). Note that \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty } = E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1 + E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{2 - \infty } + E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{{\mathrm{hills}}}\) . Red stars are the divergence of altimetry-derived M 2 mode-1 energy flux, \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) , and red bullets are the barotropic tide energy loss ( \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) ). Error bars show ±20% of \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) as suggested in Egbert and Ray 26 for deep-ocean integrals. The inset map shows the boundaries separating the different basins. Budgets are computed for seafloor depths greater than 700 m

We assess the realism of our estimate of energy conversion with two independent observational data sets: the energy lost by the barotropic tide, \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) , computed through an inverse analysis of satellite altimetric measurements; and the positive part of the mode-1 energy flux divergence, \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) , also estimated from satellite altimetric data 27 (see Methods). \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) quantifies the rate of generation of mode-1 internal tides. These altimetry-based data sets enable us to define regional and global budgets of the M 2 tidal energy, and to validate the predictions of our semi-analytical model (Fig.  1 ). All terms are integrated for seafloor depths larger than 700 m, in order to exclude shallow topography where the supercritical-slope correction is important (see Supplementary Fig.  1 ).

The correspondence between observational estimates and our model’s predictions is notable and enables, for the first time, to accurately depict a budget for the energy lost by the barotropic tide, when decomposed into various basins and various contributing components. First, the bulk of the energy lost by the M 2 barotropic tide is found to be converted into internal tides for all three major ocean basins: \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) is within the error bars of \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) globally (692 GW vs. 853 ± 171 GW). The contribution of abyssal hills is crucial to close the budget of barotropic tide dissipation, as it represents 12% of the conversion, globally. Note that the marginally significant difference between \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) and \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) in the Atlantic basin, suggestive of missing conversion, may be attributable to under-represented conversion by abyssal hills 25 . The geographical patterns of \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) and \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) match throughout the global ocean (see Supplementary Note  2 and Supplementary Fig.  2 ), and reveal that M 2 tidal energy conversion is amplified over mid-ocean ridges, seamounts, and continental shelf breaks (Fig.  2a , b).

figure 2

Geography of energy lost by the semidiurnal M 2 barotropic tide and converted into internal tides. a Energy lost by the M 2 barotropic tide, \(D_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) , computed from TPXO8 50 , and b barotropic-to-baroclinic tide energy conversion from the semi-analytical model, \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) . c Positive part of the divergence of M 2 mode-1 horizontal energy flux \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) derived from satellite altimetry 27 (areas where the mesoscale activity is too strong to recover the internal tide signal are masked in dark grey), and d barotropic-to-baroclinic tide energy conversion into mode 1 from the model, \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1\) . Areas shallower than 700 m are shown in dark grey

Second, there is a close agreement between our model’s predictions ( \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1\) ) and observational estimates ( \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) ) of the rate of generation of M 2 mode-1 internal tides, both globally and for each of the major ocean basins (Fig.  1 ). Mode 1 only accounts for 29% of M 2 tidal energy conversion on a global scale. The relative importance of mode-1 is lower in the Atlantic and Indian basins, where mode-1 contributes 21 and 23% of all M 2 tidal energy conversion, but is higher in the Pacific basin, where the fraction of mode-1 conversion is 35%. The enhanced generation of mode-1 internal tides in the Pacific Ocean stems from the basin’s comparative abundance of steep ridges and seamounts, which are conducive to the generation of low-mode baroclinic tides. Hot spots of mode-1 generation are co-located in \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1\) and \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) (Fig.  2c, d ; Supplementary Note  3 and Supplementary Fig.  3 ): prominent sites include the Canary Islands, the Atlantis-Meteor Seamount complex, the Iberian shelf break and the Walvis Ridge in the Atlantic Ocean; the northern and southern edges of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean; and the Hawaiian and Polynesian Ridges, the Galápagos archipelago, the Tonga-Kermadec Ridge (north of New Zealand) and the Tasman Sea shelf break in the Pacific Ocean. Other likely sites of important M 2 mode-1 internal tide generation south of 40 °S, such as the Kerguelen Plateau, could not be resolved in the observational data set due to contamination of the tidal signals by the region’s energetic mesoscale eddy field. All in all, both our model and the observations indicate that the bulk (71–82%) of M 2 tidal energy conversion occurs in modes higher than 1. This result challenges the widespread view that mode 1 overwhelms tidal energy fluxes 28 .

The robustness of our model is further endorsed by two independent calculations of the modal partitioning of internal tide generation. Falahat et al. 23 used a different approach to ours, but based on the same assumptions, to compute the M 2 tidal energy conversion for the first 10 modes. Their modal distribution closely matches ours for this subset of modes (Fig.  3 ), with a global conversion into modes 1–10 (integrated up to 700 m) of 518 GW vs. 506 GW. Our model has slightly more energy in modes 6–10, which could be attributed to the better-resolved bathymetry dataset used (SRTM30-PLUS vs. ETOPO2) and the upgraded barotropic tide model used to derive barotropic tidal currents (TPXO8 vs. TPXO6.2). Our estimate for modes 1–5 also compares well to the internal tide generation diagnosed in a state-of-the-art global numerical simulation (Fig.  3 ) at a horizontal resolution of 4 km using the primitive-equation model HYCOM (see Methods). Modes higher than ~4 are only partially resolved in HYCOM as this model cannot adequately represent the horizontal and vertical internal wave lengths. While the consistency between our predictions and these independent estimates is reassuring, our results highlight that modes higher than 10, hitherto unresolved, account for a large fraction—27%, including the contribution of abyssal hills—of global M 2 internal tide generation. The importance of modes higher than 10 is bolstered by the fact that the integrated conversion into modes 1–10 (506 GW) is too small to explain the observed energy lost by the M 2 barotropic tide (853 GW, Fig.  1 ). Since bottom drag is only a minor player in the dissipation of the M 2 barotropic tide in the deep ocean 29 , the missing energy sink must be attributed to the generation of mode >10 internal tides.

figure 3

Histogram of energy conversion as function of mode number. Global energy conversion below 700 m into the first 10 modes, and for the sum of modes higher than 10 (rightmost bar), based on (black bars) our model complemented with (blue bar) the contribution of abyssal hills of Melet et al. 25 , (grey bars) Falahat et al. 23 , 60 , and (yellow bars) a global HYCOM simulation. Modes >10 were not computed in Falahat et al. 23 , and the HYCOM simulation does not resolve modes >5

Geographical variability of modal content

The geographical variability of the modal partitioning of M 2 tidal energy conversion is illustrated in Fig.  4 . Continental shelf breaks, steep ridges and isolated seamounts stand out as preferential locations for mode-1 internal tide generation (Fig.  4a ). In contrast, wide ridge systems, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, systematically display a peak in the energy conversion continuum around modes 2–5. In the deep regions of the Pacific, the most energetic modes are often ≥5.

figure 4

Geography of modal content of energy conversion. a Mode number n for which \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^n\) is maximum, and b ratio of energy conversion into mode 1 to the total energy conversion for the M 2 tide, shown as percentage. Variables are binned in 2 × 2° squares for visual purposes

Although mode 1 is the most energetic mode on a global scale (Fig.  3 ), its fractional contribution to the total conversion, \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1/E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) , exhibits pronounced geographical variability (Fig.  4b ). Over continental shelf breaks and steep ridges, mode 1 can account for over 50% of the total M 2 tidal energy conversion. For example, in the Hawaiian Ridge system, mode 1 contributes between 40 and 60% of the total conversion, in the range of the ratios estimated from observations 30 and regional numerical simulations 31 . However, over most of the global ocean, mode 1 accounts for <30% of the M 2 tidal energy conversion. Specifically, in wide regions of strong conversion such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, mode 1 contributes less than 10% of the total conversion. Considering that mode 1 may be the only mode capable of propagating far (>1000 km) from its generation site 22 , 32 , 33 , 34 , this modal partitioning of conversion suggests that most of the internal tide energy sourced in these regions dissipates within a short distance of generation sites.

Implications for near-field dissipation

Areas where strong tidal energy conversion occurs span very different topographic structures, which affect the modal content of locally generated internal tides. Thus, strong geographical variability of near-field dissipation is expected, with high (small) rates where high (low) modes are preferentially generated. Here, we propose a new approach to assess near-field dissipation driven by the breaking of locally generated, high-mode internal tides, which can be used to construct parameterisations of near-field mixing in ocean models (see Discussion). Key to the approach is the definition of a critical mode n above which all modes are assumed to dissipate locally, i.e., within the grid point where conversion occurs. In turn, modes < n can propagate away and dissipate in the far field. The rate of near-field tidal dissipation is thus defined as E n −∞ . Among the range of processes that may trigger a forward cascade and dissipation of internal tide energy, we consider only the dominant mechanism, i.e., wave-wave interactions 12 , which renders our estimate of near-field dissipation conservative. We take the attenuation time scale τ n of mode n associated with wave-wave interactions to be proportional to 1/ n 2 (see Fig. 33 in Olbers 35 ), which yields an attenuation length scale for that mode L n  =  c n τ n proportional to 1/ n 3 , since the group velocity c n is proportional to 1/ n . Consequently, L n  ≈  L 1 / n 3 . Using numerical simulations and in situ data from a mooring array aligned with an internal tide beam emanating from the Hawaiian Ridge 36 , we estimate the characteristic attenuation length scale of mode 1, L 1 , to be between 700 and 1300 km. Although L 1 is expected to vary geographically, depending notably on mesoscale activity and topographic scattering, we find that the critical mode number is weakly sensitive on L 1 (see Supplementary Note  4 and Supplementary Figs.  4 and 5 ). On our global 1/2°-grid, mode 4 is found to be the critical mode. Although this method leads to a critical mode that is grid-size-dependent by construction, 1/2° is typical of climate-scale ocean models, and the critical mode can be adjusted to fit different grid sizes. Note that this estimate of near-field dissipation does not account for local breaking of low-mode internal waves occurring at steep ridges, e.g., through lee-wave radiation mechanisms 37 , 38 or direct shear instability 39 , reinforcing the conservatism of our approach.

The estimated rate of near-field dissipation may be used to quantify q , the fraction of locally dissipated energy to local tidal energy conversion. The definition q  =  E 4−∞ / E 1−∞ is adopted here. The geographical structure of q reflects the spatial variability in the properties of seafloor topography (Fig.  5 ). Where high-mode internal tide generation is substantial, e.g., over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise, q is high and reaches values in the range 0.8–1.0. In such regions, the contribution of abyssal hills is critical to weight the conversion towards high modes and reach high q values. In contrast, where low-modes are preferentially generated, e.g., the Hawaiian Islands and other Pacific archipelagos, q displays smaller values of 0.3–0.5. The global-ocean probability density functions of seafloor area and M 2 tidal energy conversion as a function of q (Fig.  5 -inset) quantify the geographically variable significance of near-field dissipation. Although half of the global conversion occurs in regions where 0.35 <  q  < 0.62 (25th and 75th percentiles), half of the seafloor area features 0.45 <  q  < 0.77 (25th and 75th percentiles). Hence, viewed overall, our conservative, semi-analytical estimate of q highlights the strong spatial variability of near-field dissipation, and shows that, on average, q greatly exceeds the value of 1/3 generally assumed to date.

figure 5

Geography of the ratio q of local energy dissipation to total energy conversion. The ratio q is here defined as \(q = E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{4 - \infty }/E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) , and is binned in 2° × 2° squares for visual purposes. Inset bar-plot represents histograms of (black) seafloor area and (white) \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^{1 - \infty }\) binned as a function of q , and error bars represent the 25th and 75th percentiles on both sides of the median (square)

In situ observational estimates of turbulent dissipation

Our model reveals that the generation of energetic high-mode internal tides is widespread across the global ocean. These high modes are characterised by a small group speed and a high vertical shear, which make them prone to breaking close to their generation site. We therefore expect a close relationship between the predicted near-field dissipation of internal tides and the in situ dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. To evaluate this relationship, we compared our theoretical estimate of near-field dissipation for the eight principal tidal constituents, i.e., \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) (see Methods), to in situ estimates of turbulent energy dissipation from a finescale parameterisation applied to hydrographic measurements 9 and from microstructure observations 8 . Regions where the mean kinetic energy or the eddy kinetic energy are elevated (>200 cm 2  s −2 , visually chosen to discard western boundary currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and equatorial zonal jets) are excluded from the comparison, since non-tidal processes (e.g., submesoscale instabilities 40 , 41 ) are expected to play an important role in dissipation there (see Methods).

The two-dimensional histogram of finescale dissipation vs. predicted near-field dissipation (Fig.  6 ) shows that there is a strong relationship between the two variables that approaches 1:1 wherever the conversion is significant (>5 × 10 −4  W m −2 , typical lower bound in regions where tidal energy conversion occurs 24 ). Indeed, r 2  = 0.96 for the linear regression on data binned in 0.1 log intervals. For smaller rates of conversion (shadowed area), observed dissipation exceeds the theoretical estimate, which suggests that turbulence in those areas is predominantly fuelled by other local (e.g., wind-driven) or non-local (e.g., far-field dissipation of low-mode internal tides 11 ) processes. Note that in regions of rough topography, the finescale parameterisation may lose accuracy 42 and so could be unsuitable to examine near-field dissipation.

figure 6

Two-dimensional histogram and scatter plot of observed energy dissipation vs. estimate of tidal energy dissipation. The x -axis is the theoretical estimate of energy dissipation ( \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) ) and the y -axis is the observed energy dissipation ( ε z ). The two-dimensional histogram (colours) is based on the rate of energy dissipation computed from a finescale parameterisation 9 applied to vertical profiles of density and velocity located along the black lines shown in the map. The scatter plot is based on the rate of energy dissipation computed from microstructure profiles 8 at stations shown in the top map. Data points for which energy conversion is less than 5 × 10 −4  W m −2 were excluded in microstructure data and are shadowed in grey. Regions where mean kinetic energy or mesoscale eddy kinetic energy is higher than 200 cm 2  s −2 are shown in green in the top map, and were excluded from the histogram and scatter plot. Regions where energy conversion exceeds 5 × 10 −4  W m −2 are shown in red in the top map. The dashed line is a linear regression on logged microstructure data

Microstructure profilers measure microscale turbulence, and thus provide the most reliable estimates of the rate of turbulent dissipation. We consider a subset of the microstructure-derived dissipation estimates gathered by Waterhouse et al. 8 relevant to tidally induced mixing, and augmented with the more recent RidgeMix 22 and DoMORE 43 data sets collected over the northern and southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge, respectively. Only stations where the predicted tidal conversion exceeds 5 × 10 −4  W m −2 are examined (Fig.  6 ). Pictograms and associated error bars indicate the mean and standard deviation values for each cruise data set. Error bars thus encode the spatial (horizontal and vertical error bars) and temporal (vertical error bars) variability of turbulent dissipation for each expedition, where some of the variability likely stems from spring-neap cycle biases in sampling 22 and other low-frequency, non-tidal processes. This scatter plot highlights the close connection between tidal energy conversion into high modes and local energy dissipation, as the linear regression performed on logged data gives a proportionality coefficient of 1.02 and r 2  = 0.83 (dashed line in Fig.  6 ). Microstructure data thus brings a quantitative support to our definition of the critical mode number.

The strength of our formulation of near-field dissipation is its universality, despite the existence of seafloor topographies of very different natures across the world’s oceans. For instance, it predicts equally well the near-field dissipation over the rough, small-scale topography of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (BBTRE96, BBTRE97, RidgeMix and DoMORE) and over the large-scale, steep ridge of Hawaii (HOME). Indeed, segregating internal tides by modes allows to take into account those differences quantitatively.

Our results unveil a widespread, intense generation of high-mode internal tides tied up to strong near-field dissipation. We now compare our estimate of near-field dissipation, \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) , to two parameterisations of near-field dissipation currently used in climate-scale ocean models. Such parameterisations are constructed from maps of barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal energy conversion for the eight principal tidal constituents. A fraction of the energy conversion, usually taken to be uniform and equal to 1/3, is assumed to fuel dissipation within the local water column. This dissipation is then distributed vertically, following an exponential decay from the seafloor upward. In the following, we ignore the vertical distribution within the water column, and focus on the maps of energy conversion providing local dissipation. The NEMO model 15 uses 1/3 of the global estimate of energy conversion by Nycander 24 , and is hereafter denoted E NEMO . The CCSM4 model 14 uses the parameterisation of energy conversion of Jayne and St. Laurent 44 , re-scaled as in Jayne 2 to produce 1 TW of dissipation below 1000 m, and then multiplied by 1/3. It is hereafter denoted E CCSM .

The three estimates of local dissipation, \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) , E NEMO and E CCSM , produce 606, 413, and 482 GW of energy dissipation at seafloor depths exceeding 500 m, respectively. At seafloor depths shallower than 2500 m, \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) and E CCSM are very similar (391 vs. 381 GW), but E NEMO is weaker (261 GW). Differences become more pronounced at seafloor depths deeper than 2500 m, where \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) represents 215 GW of dissipation, which is 41% larger than E NEMO (152 GW) and 113% larger than E CCSM (101 GW). The larger dissipation below 2500 m is consistent with large q values found over abyssal topography (Fig.  5 ).

The map of \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) illustrates the near-field dissipation hotspots, such as mid-ocean ridges featuring rough topography (Fig.  7b ). The ratio of our estimate to the others highlights two important differences (Fig.  7c, d ). In regions of rough topography, our estimate gives higher levels of dissipation because of the high-mode internal tide generation that is absent from E NEMO and E CCSM . In contrast, over steep ridges and seamounts, mostly in the Pacific basin, dissipation is comparatively weaker than for E NEMO and E CCSM because modes 1–3 are excluded from our estimate. We do not expect strong dissipation—relative to conversion—at the latter generation hot spots, but rather a redistribution by low modes contributing to far-field dissipation.

figure 7

Comparison of proposed and currently used estimates of near-field tidal mixing. a Distribution of energy dissipation as a function of seafloor depth for the three estimates: (black) our proposed estimate, \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) ; (dark grey) E NEMO , based on Nycander’s estimate of energy conversion and used in the NEMO model; and (light grey) E CCSM , based on Jayne and St Laurent’s estimate and used in the CCSM4 model. Maps of b \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) , and the ratio our estimate to the currently used ones, c \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }/E_{{\mathrm{NEMO}}}\) and d \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }/E_{{\mathrm{CCSM}}}\)

The patterns and magnitudes of near-field dissipation estimated in the present work thus differ substantially from those implied by current parameterisations. Implications are manifold. First, our mode-partitioned internal tide generation estimate may serve to improve the representation of wave drag, i.e., the energy extracted locally from the barotropic tide, in barotropic tide models 45 and in climate-scale ocean models that include tidal forcing 46 . Notably, our estimate takes into account the local properties of seafloor topography, and should thereby reduce known geographical biases in barotropic tide models 45 . Second, our map of \(E_{{\mathrm{all}}}^{4 - \infty }\) can provide the power input to the parameterisation of near-field internal tide-driven mixing. Its use in place of preceding maps is expected to improve the representation of deep-ocean mixing in ocean models, potentially improving the simulated overturning circulation by reconciling strong abyssal transports with slow pycnocline mixing 47 (Fig.  7a ). Overall, our revised estimate of internal tide-driven dissipation will help narrow down unknowns in the rates and energy pathways of deep-ocean mixing, and represents a significant step toward the closure of oceanic energy and diapycnal mixing budgets in observations and models.

Semi-analytical model of tidal energy conversion

The barotropic-to-baroclinic tide energy conversion model was formulated by Bell 19 , 20 , and is based on two main assumptions that enable derivation of a linear theory. First, the topographic slope, | ∇ h |, is assumed to be smaller than the slope of a radiated internal wave beam, \([(\omega ^2 - f^2)/(N_b^2 - \omega ^2)]^{1/2}\) , where ω is the tidal frequency, f is the Coriolis frequency and N b is the buoyancy frequency near the seafloor. The ratio of the topographic slope to the slope of a radiated beam defines the steepness parameter:

When γ  < 1 ( γ  > 1), the topography is referred to as subcritical (supercritical). Second, the tidal excursion, u 0 / ω , where u 0 is the barotropic tide velocity, is assumed to be small compared to the topographic scale 1/ k , where k is a characteristic wavenumber of the underlying topography. In the deep ocean, i.e., excluding continental shelves, the major topographic structures generating internal tides are mid-ocean ridges. The assumptions of subcritical topography and small tidal excursion are valid on most of the areas covered by these structures, due to weak barotropic tidal currents [ u 0  =  O (1) cm s −1 ] and weak stratification that allows beams to propagate in a direction close to the vertical.

We used St. Laurent and Garrett’s 21 formulation of tidal energy conversion, E ω , at a fundamental tidal frequency ω :

In this equation, N b is the buoyancy frequency close to the bottom computed from the World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOA13 48 , 49 ); u e ( v e ) is the barotropic tidal velocity amplitude from TPXO8 50 , in the direction of the semimajor (semiminor) axis of the tidal ellipse [( x e , y e ) coordinate system]; \(K = (k_x^2 + k_y^2)^{1/2}\) is the total horizontal wavenumber, with k x and k y being the horizontal wavenumbers in the ( x e , y e ) coordinate system; and θ  = arctan( k y / k x ). The two-dimensional power spectrum of topography, ϕ , is computed from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission dataset (SRTM30_PLUS 51 ). SRTM30_PLUS is a global bathymetry dataset at a 30-s resolution based on the 1-min Smith and Sandwell 52 bathymetry, and incorporates higher-resolution data from ship soundings wherever available. ϕ is normalised to satisfy \({\int}_0^{2\pi } {{\int}_0^\infty \phi } (K,\theta )K \, \:{\mathrm{d}}K \, \:{\mathrm{d}}\theta = \overline {h^2}\) , where \(\overline {h^2}\) is the mean square height of topography.

The equivalent wavenumber of mode j is

N 0 and b are parameters of an exponential fit to the buoyancy frequency N  =  N 0 exp( z / b ). This enables computation of the energy flux into mode j as

where δK  =  K 2  −  K 1 . The total energy flux is then

where the lower boundary of integration in wavenumber space is the mode-1 equivalent wavenumber, K 1 , to take into account the finite depth of the ocean.

We computed E ω for ω   ∈  {M 2 , S 2 , K 1 } on a global grid of 1/2° resolution. A supercritical-slope correction was made a posteriori (see Supplementary Note  1 ). We only considered the points where the bathymetry is deeper than 500 m. At shallower ocean depths, topographic slopes are more likely to be supercritical due to enhanced stratification, and tidal currents are stronger due to mass continuity, hence potentially violating the small tidal excursion assumption.

Barotropic tide energy dissipation

The dissipation rate of the barotropic tide, D ω , at the tidal frequency ω can be computed as 53

where W is the work done by the barotropic tide, and P is the barotropic tide energy flux. P is defined as

where ζ is the tidal elevation, and U is the barotropic tide volume transport, both extracted from TPXO8. W is defined as

where ζ eq is the equilibrium tidal elevation, and ζ sal is the tidal elevation induced by the tide’s self-attraction and loading 54 .

Mode-1 M 2 energy fluxes from satellite altimetry

Mode-1 M 2 internal-tide horizontal energy flux at a horizontal resolution of 1/10° from Zhao et al. 27 was used in this study to quantify the generation of M 2 internal tides. A two-dimensional plane wave fit method is applied to extract internal tides from satellite SSH, and perform a modal decomposition that enables inference of mode-1 internal tide pressure from SSH. Assuming that the energy partition between potential and kinetic energy components depends only on latitude and tidal frequency, the internal tide velocity is also estimated from SSH. Finally, the vertically integrated horizontal energy flux, \({\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1\) , is computed. Positive divergence of the horizontal energy flux, denoted as \((\nabla \cdot {\mathbf{F}}_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}^1)^ +\) in the article, indicates regions of mode-1 internal tide generation 22 .

Global HYCOM simulation

HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) is the operational ocean forecast model used by the United States Navy 55 . The simulation considered in this study was run with realistic atmospheric forcing from the NAVy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM 56 ) and astronomical tidal forcing. The model was run in a forward (non-data-assimilative) mode at 1/25 degree (4 km) nominal horizontal resolution, with 41 layers in the vertical, using a hybrid vertical coordinate that is isopycnal in the open ocean, uses z-layers in the mixed layer, and transitions to terrain-following in shallow water. Hourly 3-d fields were saved from September 2016; 15 days of this period were analysed for this paper. Data were interpolated to 25-m depth intervals in the vertical and harmonic fits were applied to extract the M 2 component of the baroclinic velocities and potential density at each depth level. Vertical normal modes were computed from the time-averaged stratification profile by solving the Sturm-Liouville problem. The 4 km model resolution effectively limits the resolved modes to the first 5 baroclinic modes. Modal barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion values were computed from the modal perturbation pressure amplitudes, bathymetry, and barotropic velocity 57 .

Theoretical estimate of near-field energy dissipation

We computed the internal tide generation for the M 2 , S 2 and K 1 tides, which together account for 90% of the total energy conversion summed over the eight principal constituents 24 (M 2 , S 2 , N 2 , K 2 , K 1 , O 1 , P 1 , Q 1 ). Patterns of internal tide generation barely change for tides at close frequencies 26 . We therefore used \(E_{{\mathrm{M}}_2}\) and \(E_{{\mathrm{S}}_2}\) as proxies for \(E_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}\) and \(E_{{\mathrm{K}}_2}\) , respectively, and \(E_{{\mathrm{K}}_1}\) as a proxy for \(E_{{\mathrm{O}}_{1}}\) , \(E_{{\mathrm{P}}_1}\) and \(E_{{\mathrm{Q}}_1}\) . We then applied a scaling factor set by the power ratios 58 to obtain the near-field energy dissipation of the principal eight components:

Finescale parameterisation of energy dissipation

We used the finescale parameterisation of the rate of energy dissipation, ε (W kg −1 ), computed by Kunze 9 , and available at ftp://ftp.nwra.com/outgoing/kunze/iwturb . The parameterisation is based on vertical strain applied to 27,218 hydrographic profiles. We discarded profiles covering <80% of the water column, which corresponds to 35% of the database. ε was then integrated vertically and multiplied by ρ 0  = 1025 kg m −3 to give ε z (W m −2 ), used in Fig.  6 . Only 0.4% of the profiles cover depths shallower than 100 m so we can reasonably assume that mixed-layer processes do not interfere in the dissipation signal.

Microstructure estimates of energy dissipation

We used the microstructure estimates of energy dissipation ε (W kg −1 ) from different cruises gathered by Waterhouse et al. 8 and available at https://microstructure.ucsd.edu . We only considered data relevant to tidally induced mixing, i.e., we removed data collected in regions of insignificant internal tide generation, and we added data from the RidgeMix 22 and DoMORE 43 cruises. We discarded profiles covering <60% of the water column (32% of the whole dataset), which leaves us with 476 profiles. ε was vertically integrated from the deepest point to the base of the mixed layer, defined by a drop of temperature of 0.2 °C from the temperature at 10 m depth, following de Boyer Montégut et al. 59 Finally, we multiplied each vertically integrated value by ρ 0  = 1025 kg m −3 to give ε z (W m −2 ) used in Fig.  6 .

Mean and eddy kinetic energy from satellite altimetry

Mean and eddy kinetic energy (MKE and EKE) were computed from surface geostrophic velocity derived from the Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) measured by satellite altimetry. Velocity fields were downloaded from https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/home.html . \({\mathrm{MKE}} = \frac{1}{2}(\bar u^2 + \bar v^2)\) was computed from the mean velocity ( \(\bar u,\bar v\) ) over the period 2000–2014, and \({\mathrm{EKE}} = \frac{1}{2}(\overline {{u\prime}^2} + \overline {{v\prime}^2} )\) was computed from the eddy velocity ( \(u{\prime},v{\prime} = u - \bar u,v - \bar v\) ).

Data availability

The tidal energy conversion from the semi-analytical model is available upon request.

Code availability

The code for the barotropic-to-baroclinic tidal energy conversion model is available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Eric Kunze for providing the finestructure parameterisation of dissipation. C.V. and A.C.N.G. were supported by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council through Grant NE/L004216/1. A.C.N.G. further acknowledges the support of the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation. The HYCOM portion of this work was funded by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-15-1-2288 and National Science Foundation grant OCE1537449. Jay Shriver is acknowledged for performing the HYCOM simulations and making their data available.

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Clément Vic

Present address: LOPS, Plouzané, Bretagne, France

Authors and Affiliations

Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

Clément Vic & Alberto C. Naveira Garabato

School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL57 2DG, UK

  • J. A. Mattias Green

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

Amy F. Waterhouse

Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA

Zhongxiang Zhao

Mercator Ocean, Ramonville Saint-Agne, 31520, France

Angélique Melet

LOCEAN Laboratory, Sorbonne Université-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, 75005, France

Casimir de Lavergne

University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, Hattiesburg, MS, 39556, USA

Maarten C. Buijsman & Gordon R. Stephenson

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Contributions

C.V., A.C.N.G., M.G., and C.d.L. designed the experiments, conducted the analyses and led the writing of the manuscript. A.F.W. provided guidance on the use and interpretation of the microstructure data. Z.Z. provided guidance on the use and interpretation of the satellite-derived energy fluxes. A.M. provided and helped interpreting energy conversion due to abyssal hills. M.C.B. and G.R.S. provided guidance on the use of HYCOM outputs.

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Correspondence to Clément Vic .

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Vic, C., Naveira Garabato, A.C., Green, J.A.M. et al. Deep-ocean mixing driven by small-scale internal tides. Nat Commun 10 , 2099 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10149-5

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PG | 86 min | Animation, Adventure, Comedy

The sailor of legend is framed by the goddess Eris for the theft of the Book of Peace and must travel to her realm at the end of the world to retrieve it and save the life of his childhood friend Prince Proteus.

Directors: Patrick Gilmore , Tim Johnson | Stars: Brad Pitt , Catherine Zeta-Jones , Joseph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer

Votes: 59,135 | Gross: $26.48M

40. Blackbeard: Terror at Sea (2006 TV Movie)

120 min | Drama

It's a movie about Blackbeard.

Directors: Richard Dale , Tilman Remme | Stars: James Purefoy , Tyler Butterworth , Mark Noble , Jack Galloway

41. Treasure Island (2012)

180 min | Action, Adventure, History

In 1765, young English boy Jim Hawkins gets involved with buccaneers during his quest to find pirate Captain Flint's treasure buried on a secret island.

Stars: Barnaby Kay , Elijah Wood , Madhur Mittal , Daniel Mays

Votes: 6,307

42. Blackbeard (2006)

170 min | Adventure, Biography, Drama

In 1717, Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard is sent to the West Indies on a secret mission to destroy notorious pirate ship The Queen Anne's Revenge and its crew.

Stars: Angus Macfadyen , Mark Umbers , Richard Chamberlain , Jessica Chastain

Votes: 1,461

43. Captain Sabertooth and the Treasure of Lama Rama (2014)

Not Rated | 96 min | Action, Adventure, Comedy

The orphan boy Pinky follows the Captain on an exciting and dangerous journey across the big oceans to the kingdom of Lama Rama, hunting for a treasure and the answer to who is Pinky's father.

Directors: John Andreas Andersen , Lisa Marie Gamlem | Stars: Tuva Novotny , Jon Øigarden , Anders Baasmo , Pia Tjelta

44. Chasing Mavericks (2012)

PG | 116 min | Biography, Drama, Sport

When young Jay Moriarity discovers that the mythic Mavericks surf break, one of the biggest waves on Earth, exists just miles from his Santa Cruz home, he enlists the help of local legend Frosty Hesson to train him to survive it.

Directors: Michael Apted , Curtis Hanson | Stars: Jonny Weston , Gerard Butler , Elisabeth Shue , Abigail Spencer

Votes: 34,439 | Gross: $6.00M

46. The Icebreaker (2016)

PG-13 | 124 min | Action, Adventure, Drama

Toward the icebreaker "Mikhail Gromov" is moving a huge iceberg. Leaving from collision, the ship falls into the ice trap, and is forced to drift near the coast of Antarctica.

Director: Nikolay Khomeriki | Stars: Pyotr Fyodorov , Sergey Puskepalis , Aleksandr Pal , Vitaliy Khaev

Votes: 2,182

47. Black Sea (2014)

R | 114 min | Adventure, Drama, Thriller

In order to make good with his former employers, a submarine captain takes a job with a shadowy backer to search the depths of the Black Sea for a submarine rumored to be loaded with gold.

Director: Kevin Macdonald | Stars: Jude Law , Scoot McNairy , Ben Mendelsohn , David Threlfall

Votes: 40,729 | Gross: $1.17M

48. Fool's Gold (I) (2008)

PG-13 | 112 min | Action, Adventure, Comedy

A new clue to the whereabouts of a lost treasure rekindles a married couple's sense of adventure -- and their estranged romance.

Director: Andy Tennant | Stars: Matthew McConaughey , Kate Hudson , Donald Sutherland , Alexis Dziena

Votes: 84,206 | Gross: $70.23M

49. Moana (I) (2016)

PG | 107 min | Animation, Adventure, Comedy

In ancient Polynesia, when a terrible curse incurred by the demigod Maui reaches Moana's island, she answers the Ocean's call to seek out Maui to set things right.

Directors: Ron Clements , John Musker , Don Hall , Chris Williams | Stars: Auli'i Cravalho , Dwayne Johnson , Rachel House , Temuera Morrison

Votes: 374,799 | Gross: $248.76M

50. The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004)

R | 119 min | Action, Adventure, Comedy

With a plan to exact revenge on a mythical shark that killed his partner, Oceanographer Steve Zissou (Bill Murray) rallies a crew that includes his estranged wife, a journalist, and a man who may or may not be his son.

Director: Wes Anderson | Stars: Bill Murray , Owen Wilson , Anjelica Huston , Cate Blanchett

Votes: 210,252 | Gross: $24.01M

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  • Sets by Mercury

Glacial Wind

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  • 1.1 Glacial Wind
  • 1.2 Headwind Sail
  • 2.1 Items Description
  • 4 Etymology
  • 5 References
  • 6 Navigation

Set Items [ ]

Glacial wind [ ].

  • Icewind Field (Hairstyle)
  • Roaring Waves (Headwear)
  • Voyage Rudder (Neckwear)
  • Glacial Wind (Dress)
  • Icy Thorn (Right Handheld)
  • Bay Hunt (Shoes)
  • Anchor in the Waves (Earrings)
  • Bound Shadow (Leglet)
  • Box of Loss (Decoration)

Headwind Sail [ ]

  • Scarlet Gold (Hairstyle)
  • Across the Sea (Headwear)
  • Wind Rudder (Neckwear)
  • Headwind Sail (Dress)
  • Blood Vanguard (Right Handheld)
  • Abyss Hunt (Shoes)
  • Sound of Tides (Earrings)
  • Invisible Shackles (Leglet)
  • Box of Treasure (Decoration)

Set Description [ ]

Items description [ ].

  • Glacial Wind Descriptions
  • Headwind Sail Descriptions

The north wind whistles across the snowy plaint blowing against the rimy rivers and brushing air flying in the snow. - Icewind Field

Thc ship advances across the raging sea under full sails with plumes like torn waves, leaving traces in the sea. - Roaring Waves

The deep sea water glimmers on the rudder. Respond to the azure abyss' call and it'll guide the voyagers forever. - Voyage Rudder

A windbreaker made with the polar night sky and adorned with the frost left by an icy wind. - Glacial Wind

The howling wind turns into a cold light blade, tearing apart glaciers and the mist over the deep sea." - Icy Thorn

The swaying silver chain reflects the arctic cold. The warriors' destination is where the sky and the sea meet. - Bay Hunt

With the silver anchor dropping and tail vane spinning, the large ship tears through the waves and heads to the light. - Anchor in the Waves

An icy abyss with lurking sea monsters, luring voyagers to their destined trap. - Bound Shadow

The giant monster raises its antennas to protect the lost treasure. The scattered jewels tell a sunken secret. - Box of Loss

The ancient kingdom, corrupted regime and hypocritical beliefs used to be the only enemies of the elf prince. - Scarlet Gold

Regardless of his own will, this world brought the secret that no one knows to him over and over. - Across the Sea

Fate brought Mercury back to North Kingdom. He once came to conquer, but this time it's about a secret cooperation. - Wind Rudder

Mr. Mercury has to keep moving forward, Otherwise, who knows how far a human can go? - Headwind Sail

After learning the truth of this world, he can only hate it, pursue it, master it and destroy it. - Blood Vanguard

Only one person knows where the ships in the storm will go and what is about to awake under the bizarre icy sea. - Abyss Hunt

In the abyss, Mercury saw an ancient phantom arrogantly playing with the fate of humanity. - Sound of Tides

The endless war in North Kingdom is just what lies on the surface, Dig deeper and discover what's hidden underneath, - Invisible Shackles

Only those who have seen the gods can reach the deepest glaciers and find the legendary treasure there. - Box of Treasure

Gallery [ ]

Glacial Wind closeup 1

Etymology [ ]

References [ ].

  • ↑ Shining Nikki Official Twitter Post: SSR Set: Glacial Wind - Headwind Sail

Navigation [ ]

  • 1 Shining Nikki
  • Edit source
  • View history

You can have one companion following you at a time. If you are interested in seeing what types of companions there are check out the Sanctuary page.

Here you will find the companion leveling guide that shows how many treats each level costs and benefits.

This chart is filled in based on what appears to be basic math for increase in % per level.

How do Pet bonuses work? Pet bonus is cumulative, and not related to the pet that is following you - it's advantageous to level up all of your pets! The coin bonus applies to most coin sources: idle earnings, expedition earnings, and job earnings.

Here's an example: I fished at Sharktooth and caught a remora worth 4.28k. While I was there my assistants earned 23.75k. This gives a total of 28.02k. I currently have 43 pets and a combined bonus of 247% which means I am awarded an additional 69.22k on top as a bonus. This gives a total of 97.24k which can be doubled to 194.48k. As you can see, pets (and indeed assistants) can add significantly to your earnings; in this case that 4k value fish turned into 194k!

Where do I get Pets/Companions? Each expedition location has a single unique pet (after you have found it, no more pets will spawn on that island). Beyond collecting the pets on the islands, you can find them in treasure chests in the Shop, or purchase them for pearls in the Sanctuary. There are three companions available at any one time in the Sanctuary and these currently regenerate every 24 hours. However it is possible that pets you already have will appear here meaning you cannot buy them again. So as you collect more pets, the ones you don't have become harder to obtain.

What are the maximum bonuses for each pet at level 20? Uncommon (green) pets each give 3% in total, rare (blue) give 5%, epic (purple) give 7% and legendary (gold) give 10%.

Which companion should I level next? Using the table, you can see the relative treat cost for how much the bonus increases. Keep in mind, a lower value is better for this metric. Based on the table, you should level your legendaries to 20 before leveling your uncommons past 13, rares past 16, and epics past 18.

  • 3 Sanctuary

Voyager Fishing Charters

RECOGNIZING TIDES WHEN YOU GO DEEP SEA FISHING

a couple of people that are standing in the water

Deep Sea Fishing Secrets

Although tides play an important role in deep sea fishing , there are those who do not pay attention. They even wonder why they may not have caught anything at all. However, there are those who recognize it could impact their fishing but do not understand why this happens.

These fishermen typically lose priceless hours trolling, casting and also weight jumping also when the tide is wrong. Nevertheless, the deep sea fishermen that recognize his tide can select ahead of time one of the best angling times as well as focus on his effort throughout those times. This merely indicates you could have much less of those thrown away days and also obtain even more fish on your Myrtle Beach Fishing expedition.

To start, you do not need to explore trends in scientific research, other than to understand the gravitation forces of the earth, the sun, and the moon.

All About Tide Types

Every single time the tide is up, water would certainly relocate to land, which is likewise referred to as “flood tide.” Now and then that trends go down, moving back to the sea, is called “ebb tide”. The duration where it does not relocate in either case is described as the “relaxed tide.” It typically takes a duration of 6 hrs for it to increase, and another 6 hours to get low. These tides occur for every 24 hours at 5o minutes interval from the last. Understanding this will help improve your deep sea fishing Myrtle Beach experience. 

Tides also differ in relation to the levels that they go down or increase. The highest possible tides happen when the sunlight, as well as the moon, are positioned in the world’s very same side, producing a straight line. These type of tide is called “Springtime tide”, which happens throughout the new moon as well as full-moon periods. Throughout these times, both high and low tides are above their normal state. Nonetheless, throughout the last as well as the initial quarter stages of the moon, tides do not drop or increase or drop that much. This is called as “ neap t ide s .”

So which of these tides are useful and also which are not?

To start, many specialists think that moving tides or currents are a lot better than having no tide at all.  Hence, a “slack” trend would seldom generate excellent catch.

Utilizing The Tide At The Correct Time

You could capitalize on trends much more by recognizing when is the best time to go. The duration where an inbound tide begins is thought about to be among the effective time for angling, particularly if you are targeting for gamesters like bluefish, channel bass, network bass, as well as weakfish.

Throughout the slack water period, the little bait fishes have the tendency to spread, as well as having an absence of solid currents they have the ability to swim faster and also leave their predators.

As a whole, the preferred change of tide whether it be reduced or high is, in fact, the most effective time to do your angling. So call Voyager Deep Sea Fishing & Dolphin Cruises for a new sea adventure experience.

Voyager Deep Sea Fishing & Dolphin Cruises 1525 13th Ave N North Myrtle Beach, SC 29582 (910) 575-0111 (843) 626-9500 http://supervoyagerdeepseafishing.com/

  • Deep Sea Fishing
  • Deep Sea Fishing Myrtle Beach
  • Myrtle Beach fishing

IMAGES

  1. Top 10 Incredible Deep Sea Treasure Discoveries

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

  2. DEEP SEA TREASURES

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

  3. The Most Valuable Things Ever To Be Found In The Ocean

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

  4. An Insight into the Deep-Sea Treasure Hunt Industry

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

  5. The Most Valuable Treasure Ever Discovered In The Ocean

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

  6. A Franklin and Friends Adventure: Deep Sea Voyage

    deep sea voyage treasures tides

VIDEO

  1. Getting to third sea

  2. LOST AT SEA. FINDING CHEST?!? #shorts #ocean #treasure #trendingshorts #shortsvideo #shortsfeed

  3. Hidden Treasures of the Ocean Uncovered #shorts

COMMENTS

  1. How to catch a deep sea treasure?

    Answer from: Dee. The clues are on the Islands. Its a fish that has a golden outline If you already know all the fishes and weird Things. If Not it has No outline and is hard to find. Discord has a pretty huge group. They even Post findings there.

  2. Fish Guide

    Here is a list of all the available fish sorted by each island. The "Rarity" of the fish will show up as a "Color" highlight around the fish shadow indicating the rarity of the fish. There are many possible fish sizes, but almost all fall into three main categories: small, medium, and large. This helps for when you are trying to find a specific fish for a job or Discord fishing tournament. Fun ...

  3. Tides: A Fishing Game Wiki

    Welcome to the Tides: A Fishing Game Wiki! This is a wiki for the video game Armored Head . We're a collaborative community website about Tides: A Fishing Game that anyone, including you, can build and expand. Wikis like this one depend on readers getting involved and adding content. Click the "ADD NEW PAGE" or "EDIT" button at the top of any ...

  4. Tides: A Fishing Game Beginner's Guide: 10 Tips ...

    Tides: A Fishing Game is a simple, relaxing fishing title from Shallot Games, currently available only for iOS. There are plenty of fishing titles currently swarming the mobile gaming market and deviating from the more common competitive type of fishing games, Tides: A Fishing Game offers plenty of easy to pick up, yet engaging mechanics that can appeal not just to fans of fishing games, but ...

  5. Tides: A Fishing Game

    Tides: A Fishing Game By: Shallot Games. Tides is a relaxing fishing game in which you catch fish and use the money you earn from them to unlock new islands to visit. They've also recently added animal companions that can follow you around. It's not a difficult game, more of a grind to unlock everything, but this walkthrough guide should help you if you get stuck.

  6. Tides: A Fishing Game Beginners Guide and Tips

    Tides: A Fishing Game is a simple, idle relaxing title from Shallot Games. The appealing animation works, calm and sweet music will take away any gamers' interest easily. The in-game mechanics are easy to master and the main objective that is fishing is easier. Just a tap on the screen will make you a skilled fisherman!

  7. Chests

    Tides: A Fishing Game Wiki. Chests. Chest can be found either floating in the water or in the shop (boat chests only). There are two types of chest. Boat chests and Coin chests. At the moment if you find a coin chest in the water it will be accompanied by an ad to open. Boat chests found in the water will just reveal boat card contents.

  8. ‎Tides: A Fishing Game on the App Store

    With Tides, we seek to add a fishing minigame to whatever part of your day needs it. Tides is a small game, designed to be a meditative escape with serene visuals, calming music, and simplistic gameplay. Drive your boat across various expedition destinations, discovering and collecting a plethora of beautiful fish. Features:

  9. Lost Ark Deep Sea's Hidden Treasure

    Obtain a Deep Sea's Treasure Map. There is a very rare chance a Deep Sea's Treasure Map will drop, when you use a key from Sailing Co-ops, after participating in a Sailing Gate. Each Sailing Co-op has a specific key that it can drop. The easist beginner key to obtain is Key of Harmony, obtained by participating in any of the 3 missions ...

  10. Meet the adventurers scouring the sea for long lost treasures

    Meet the adventurers scouring the sea for long lost treasures. 3 December 2021 • Written by Cecile Gauert. More than four million shipwrecks are said to be hidden beneath the waves. BOAT meets the bold adventurers dedicated to discovering them - and bringing their cargo to the surface. Suspended in 57 metres of murky water in the Java Sea ...

  11. Top 10 Incredible Deep Sea Treasure Discoveries

    These maritime treasures were too valuable to stay hidden forever. For this list, we'll be looking at the most valuable troves of artifacts, bullion, and pre...

  12. Deep-ocean mixing driven by small-scale internal tides

    The generation and breaking of internal (or baroclinic) tides is a primary driver of deep-ocean mixing 5, 6, 7. Lunisolar tides supply ~1 TW of mechanical energy to global internal tide generation ...

  13. 50 Best Sea/Ocean Movies (2000-2017)

    A young man who survives a disaster at sea is hurtled into an epic journey of adventure and discovery. While cast away, he forms an unexpected connection with another survivor: a fearsome Bengal tiger. Director: Ang Lee | Stars: Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Adil Hussain, Tabu. Votes: 663,932 | Gross: $124.99M

  14. Disney Cruise Line's Disney Treasure: Everything You Need To Know

    Disney. This ship's ride is centered around a brand-new storyline for Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse as they search for treasure in an ancient temple. The two-person ride vehicles carry guests ...

  15. Fish Compendium

    Your fish compendium, shows you the fish that you have caught. As well as shows you the average coin value for the fish and your biggest catch!

  16. The importance of tides for sediment dynamics in the deep sea—Evidence

    This latter work suggests that, in larger parts of the deep sea, tides, and in particular internal tides, may be essential for controlling the formation of the sedimentary record. This is because it is the tides that locally push the overall current velocities over the estimated critical current velocity threshold of ∼(6.5-10.5) cm s −1 ...

  17. Tides: A Fishing Game Cheats for iPhone

    Cheats, Tips, Tricks, Walkthroughs and Secrets for Tides: A Fishing Game on the iPhone - iPad, with a game help system for those that are stuck. Sun, 12 Nov 2023 17:14:45 Cheats, Hints ... I can't figure out where or how to "catch" a deep sea treasure on the voyages. I've searched everywhere for info, and don't know what this is. Please help

  18. Glacial Wind

    Glacial Wind is a SSR and Cool set from Shining Nikki that can be obtained during the Deep-Sea Treasures event in the exclusive summoning pavilion. It was designed by Mercury and can be recolored into Headwind Sail. Icewind Field (Hairstyle) Roaring Waves (Headwear) Voyage Rudder (Neckwear) Glacial Wind (Dress) Icy Thorn (Right Handheld) Bay Hunt (Shoes) Anchor in the Waves (Earrings) Bound ...

  19. Ship DEEPSEA TREASURE (Platform) Registered in Liberia

    Vessel DEEPSEA TREASURE is a Platform, Registered in Liberia. Discover the vessel's particulars, including capacity, machinery, photos and ownership. Get the details of the current Voyage of DEEPSEA TREASURE including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 8753483, MMSI -8753483, Call sign D5DE2

  20. Introducing Deep Sea Wonders at Pirates Voyage in Myrtle Beach

    About Deep Sea Wonders. Get ready to plunge into a phosphorescent wonderland when you visit Pirates Voyage Dinner & Show! Deep Sea Wonders is a brand new act that transports guests into the deepest depths of the ocean. Watch as giant sea turtles, jellyfish, and seahorses ride currents within glowing beds of coral.

  21. Companions

    Tides: A Fishing Game Wiki. Companions. You can have one companion following you at a time. If you are interested in seeing what types of companions there are check out the Sanctuary page. Here you will find the companion leveling guide that shows how many treats each level costs and benefits. This chart is filled in based on what appears to be ...

  22. Sea of Thieves: Jewels of the Deep Event Guide

    Jewels of the Deep Event Guide. Amir Abdollahi. September 2, 2021. updated as needed. Since good old Captain Jack and his trusty crew's arrival, the pirates of the Sea of Thieves have had to contend with a few new foes during their adventures. Ocean Crawlers and Phantoms now prowl island beaches while Sirens ravage anyone who dares explore ...

  23. Recognizing Tides When You Go Deep Sea Fishing

    So call Voyager Deep Sea Fishing & Dolphin Cruises for a new sea adventure experience. Voyager Deep Sea Fishing & Dolphin Cruises. 1525 13th Ave N. North Myrtle Beach, SC 29582. (910) 575-0111.

  24. Sea Voyage: Treasure Hunt

    Let each hero show their best skills and dominate the battlefield! Sea explorations, real adventures. Massive seas, explore to your heart's content. Challenge sea monsters and dig up treasures, trigger fun Easter Eggs incidents. Unlock a fantastic voyage on the exciting seas! Exciting battles, fair Arena. Re-imagine each character's ...