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FAQ: How to travel to and from Russia right now

A girl holds a kitten in her arms in one of the terminals at Vnukovo international airport

Who can enter Russia

At the time of writing, Russia has opened its borders for citizens of the following countries:

• Great Britain

Citizens of these countries can freely enter and leave Russia subject to visa regulations. That is, citizens of the UK, Tanzania and Turkey need to obtain a visa prior to arrival in Russia. As for Abkhazia and Belarus, Russia has a visa-free regime with these countries.

People near an information board at Terminal B at the Sheremetyevo International Airport near Moscow during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), july 21,2020

Additionally, on August 2, 2020 Russia opened its borders for Swiss nationals, but international flights to and from Switzerland will only resume on August 15. Flights will be operated once a week on the Moscow-Geneva-Moscow route.

Nationals of other states can also enter Russia if they:

• are family members of Russian citizens (family members include spouses, parents, children, carers and guardians). Grandparents and siblings are not included on the list. When applying for a visa, you will need to provide documents showing proof of kinship;
• have permanent residency in the Russian Federation. A temporary Russian residence permit is not accepted;
• are travelling to attend the funeral of a close relative. To enter the country, they will need to provide the death certificate and documents showing proof of kinship;
• are travelling to look after close relatives. To enter the country, they will need medical certificates and documents showing proof of kinship;
• are travelling to Russia for medical treatment. To enter the country, they will need to provide a certificate issued by a Russian state-run or private clinic. The document must state the date of the medical appointment, the patient’s full name, the name of the procedure and also the particulars and stamp of the medical organization.

There are several categories of foreign nationals to whom Russia has not prohibited entry. They include:

• Employees of consular establishments in the Russian Federation;
• Truck drivers delivering goods to Russia;
• Members of official delegations and persons who hold official visas;
• Aircraft crews, sea and river vessel crews and train and locomotive crews of international railway services.

In all other cases, crossing the border of the Russian Federation will be regarded as illegal. People violating this law can be fined up to 200,000 rubles (approx. $2,668) or face compulsory labor or imprisonment for up to two years.

No travel without a certificate

Passengers queue for rapid COVID-19 testing launched at Vnukovo International Airport with the use of testing kits developed by the Russian-Japanese joint venture Evotech-Mirai Genomics. The results are issued in 60min in Russian and English, August 7,2020

On July 27, 2020, Anna Popova, the head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), signed an instruction under which all foreigners coming to Russia must, on boarding their flight, have a certificate confirming they have tested negative for Covid-19.

The certificate must be issued no more than three days prior to arrival in Russia and the document can be printed in either Russian or English.

There is no longer a mandatory two-week period of self-isolation on arrival in Russia - Popova lifted that requirement from July 15, 2020.

Traveling out of Russia

People who have arrived from New York City on an Aeroflot - Russian Airlines flight, carry their luggage at the arrivals area of Sheremetyevo International Airport. June 17.2020

The following categories of citizens can also travel out of the country:

• Persons with dual nationality; 
• Persons with permanent residency in another country; 
• Citizens in possession of a work visa or a visa issued for medical treatment in another country. 

Resumption of air travel and flight cancellations

Despite the lifting of restrictions on travel to and from Russia, Russian passenger airlines have started to experience problems with international flights.

From early June, the Russian flagship carrier Aeroflot was selling tickets for flights from Moscow to dozens of cities, including Frankfurt am Main, Paris, London, New York, Rome, Seoul and Tel Aviv.

Another large airline, S7, is also operating flights from Moscow to Alicante and Nice, and promised to resume flights to Turkey from August 10.

Aeroflot was suspected of illegally selling tickets to countries with which air links remain restricted. This was pointed out by the Federal Antimonopoly Service.

As a result, on August 6, 2020, Aeroflot announced the cancellation of practically all of its international flights. A full list of cities to which the airline will not be operating flights up untilAugust 31 has been published on the air carrier’s website. 

A stewardess wait outside the Sheremetyevo A.S. Pushkin international airport following the easing of the coronavirus restrictions, outside Moscow, Russia

According to the Russian Federal Air Transport Agency’s (Rosaviatsiya) website, the majority of Russian airlines are primarily planning to resume flights to Turkey, which is a popular summer vacation destination among Russians. 

“The number of regular and charter flights to Turkey is to be significantly increased from August 10. Russian carriers Sibir, Ural Airlines, Royal Flight, Nordwind Airlines, Azur Air, Rossiya Airlines and iFly are all planning to commence flights,” the air regulator’s website says. Flights to Moscow by international air carriers Turkish Airlines and British Airways are also expected to resume.

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Russia Travel Destination Guide - Best Places to visit in Russia

Home / Russia Travel Experiences / Russia Travel Destination Guide – Best Places to visit in Russia

Thinking of travelling to or within Russia but undecided on which destination to go? This Russia Travel Destination guide shares tips and highlights of the best locations to vacation in Russia.

The world’s largest nation has it all – fast-paced, cosmopolitan cities with eye-popping architecture, quaint historic rural villages, mountain ranges, ancient volcanic landscapes, lakes, rivers and forests. From magnificent stretches of coastline to snow-swept tundra to semi-arid desert, no other country can challenge, surprise, inspire and delight visitors with incredible diversity quite like Russia. If you’re planning for the perfect holiday get-a-way to Russia whether it be independent, a guided trip, as part of a group tour or a Russia travel package , this Russia Destination Guide is for you.

Best way to use this Russia Travel Destination Guide: use the Table of Contents below to click on a topic most relevant to you.

Table of Contents

The Russia travel destination guide is your travel companion

1. Top 9 must-visit Russia travel destinations: This Guide will arm you with invaluable traveller’s insights into the most amazing  regions of Russia and what each of them has to offer every traveller.

2. Practical tips for each region: This guide summarises everything from practical travel advice on sightseeing highlights, what to see and experience, to practical information for your ideal trip like the best time to go and how to go, whether you’re coming from overseas by air or travelling overland within Russia.

3. Personalised travel destinations for all: Whether you’re a hardcore historian, architecture admirer, nature and wildlife lover, off-the-beaten-track adventurer or a traveller seeking authentic connections with local people, this is your go-to Russia Destination Guide to a one-of-a-kind experience.

Wherever your interests lie, the Russia travel advice and tips within this guide will reveal in vivid detail which regions in Russia will best fulfil your travel aspirations. Read on and start planning the Russian vacation of your dreams!

Destination #1: Moscow

A modern mega-city of some 13 million souls and bursting at the seams with possibilities, Moscow is a city like no other. It’s exciting, chaotic and constantly on the move. Ugly, beautiful, glamorous, cool and confident, with surprising warmth and hospitality beneath a stern, business-like façade.

A visit to Moscow is an endlessly surprising journey to sights unseen and tastes unsampled. Whims and indulgences are catered to wholeheartedly, whether your desires lie in the steamy pleasures of a traditional Russian sauna, evenings sipping vodka and champagne in an exclusive nightclub, gourmet feasting in a high-class restaurant or simply taking in the atmosphere of the city’s famous public parks and squares and watching the world go by. Moscow’s architectural splendour is legendary but seeing it for yourself will fill you with a sense of awe and wonder that no picture can recreate.

Born from an imperial past, yet an enduring symbol of Soviet Russia, Moscow is a city between two worlds. Unique to any other city you’d find in this Russia Destination Guide, Moscow’s art and architecture reflect a crossroad position astride the Eastern and Western worlds and revels in the centuries of comings and goings of great minds that have called this captivating and engrossing metropolis home.

Moscow is full of history and intrigue – a spiritual and political hub and billionaire playground with a youthful, cosmopolitan culture stirring just beneath the surface. Visit Moscow and decide for yourself what this dynamic city means to you.

Why visit Moscow?

To understand Russia, first, you need to visit Moscow. The city dates back at least 900 years, and there’s a real sense of being transported through time as you stroll the ever-changing streets and districts, showcasing mind-bogglingly intricate 18th-century neo-classicalism and Soviet-era concrete monoliths, through to constructivism’s quirky Russian avant-garde and gleaming contemporary glass skyscrapers. Moscow is all about culture – architecture, history, food , arts, music and nightlife. In a city this size, there’s something to cater to every taste, no matter how eclectic. Dive into the rabbit hole of Moscow’s endlessly engrossing history with visits to the Imperial palaces where mighty rulers rose and fell from power and revolutions were born. Visit magnificent cathedrals, state-of-the-art museums and world-class art galleries.

Moscow shines in the evening, with nightly music, ballet and opera performances in its majestic theatres and concert halls. In recent years, Moscow has become a hub of gastronomy thanks to a new breed of local and international chefs. Yes, Moscow has its fair share of fancy fine dining restaurants and hipster cafes, but you’ll still find street snacks in abundance and homely, traditional Russian fare served in well-loved, hole-in-the-wall eateries.

If you’ve come to Moscow keen to party, you’re in luck. Moscow’s nightlife scene rivals almost any major international city. The label “city that never sleeps” isn’t always warranted, but in Moscow, it’s the truth. There’s after-dark fun to be had every day of the week, with various nightlife districts home to mega dance warehouses, atmospheric underground clubs, friendly local pubs, jazz lounges, rock venues, performance art spaces and the best bar-crawling action this side of London.

Weather in Moscow and when to go

The peak season to travel to Moscow is in Summer between June and August, where temperatures usually hover around a pleasant 20 degrees Celsius. While summers are slightly rainier than other seasons in Moscow, downfalls tend to be fairly heavy but short-lived.

However, for Russia Destination Guide readers keen to avoid higher prices that come with booking accommodation in the summer, you might try the shoulder seasons of spring and early autumn. Late spring (April and May) provide more sunshine and less rainfall, while in autumn, the city’s parks are filled with flowering trees and colourful leaves.

The depths of mid-winter are undoubtedly cold, but a winter visit is an adventure that will give you a true insight into Moscow life – both its hardships and its great beauty. Furs and vodka keep the locals warm and the snow-filled streets are postcard picturesque. With layers of shimmering show blanketing the roofs of Moscow’s grand palaces, parts of the city are transformed into a fairy-tale wonderland. The Christmas lights, traditional winter markets and News Years celebrations offer sights and sounds and an atmosphere to be savoured.

Highlights of Moscow

The Kremlin

No place better represents the triumphs and turmoil of Russia’s past than the Kremlin . Built between the 14 th and 17 th centuries, it served first as the Imperial Residence of the Tsars and later as the headquarters of the Russian presidents. Within the imposing walls of the Kremlin are a plethora of classic buildings, each as stunning as the next. Wander past the Kremlin Palace, the neoclassical Senate Building, the 40-tonne Tsar Cannon and the 200-tonne Tsar Bell, the Armoury Museum, Cathedral Square and others.

The Red Square

Along the eastern side of the Kremlin Wall is the vast cobblestoned expanse of the Red Square . Although it’s been the scene of countless displays of military might, parades and protests since the 15 th century, it’s traditionally been a place of trade and social gatherings/ Today thousands flock to the square to celebrate official state events, be photographed in front of famous monuments or simply soak up its historic splendour.

St Basil’s Cathedral

Located in Red Square is one of Russia’s most iconic buildings, with its vibrant rainbow-painted, onion-shaped domes. The cathedral was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1552 to mark the capture of Kazan from the Mongol forces. According to legend, Ivan was so enamoured by architect Postnik Yakovlev’s design that he had him blinded so that he would never be able to design anything as fantastical again! If the cathedral is open, it’s possible to visit the interior, richly decorated and well worth an explore.

Arbat Street

In the heart of downtown Moscow, Arbat is Moscow’s oldest pedestrian street. The cobblestone roads and classical statues are reminders of its elegant past, but today the area caters mostly for the tourist crowd, with rows of souvenir shops and restaurants and cafes of varying quality. Still, it’s a must-visit attraction with a lively atmosphere. Street performers and musicians ply the street day and night, and you can often watch traditional Russian craft-makers at work.

The Moscow Metro

Apart from being one of the largest and oldest underground railway systems in the world, and a fantastic, cheap way to get around Moscow, the metro is a tourist attraction in its own right, thanks to its spectacularly decorated underground stations. The stations have been described as underground art museums, home to fantastic sculptures, murals and striking architectural elements from stained glass panels to mosaic marble floors.

Bolshoi Theatre

A historic theatre in the centre of Moscow, renowned for its world-class ballet and opera performances. An evening at the Bolshoi Theatre is one of Moscow’s most romantic after-hours options and the theatre offers a range of Russian and foreign works throughout the week. Equally as spectacular as the theatre’s performances is the rich, lavish interior of the six-level auditorium. No matter what performance you take in on this historic stage, the experience is sure to make you feel like royalty, at least for a couple of hours.

How to Get to Moscow

Travel by plane:.

The are four major airports in Moscow – Domodedovo , Sheremetyevo , Vnukovo and Zhukovsky. The majority of international flights go in and out of Sheremetyevo (most of the major international airlines and Russian airline Aeroflot ). Domodedovo Airport is the main hub for Swiss Airlines, Air Malta, British Airways, Emirates, China Eastern, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and most of the Central Asian airlines. Most domestic flights also operate out of Domodedovo and Sheremetyevo, with a few departing from Vnukovo (UtAir, Vladivostok Avia, flights to North Caucasus), as well as German Wings flights to and from Germany.

To get to the centre of Moscow from the airports, the Aeroexpress train is the fast and easy way, especially during Moscow’s notorious morning and afternoon rush hours. The trip to the city clocks in at around 35 to 40 minutes. Outside of peak times, taxis take an average of 1 hour to reach the city centre, while a private transfer or shuttle is the most comfortable option to arrive directly to your hotel.

Travel by train:

Russia overland travellers from Europe can also reach Moscow by train. Train travel is often less cost-effective compared with flying (at least within Europe) and provides a totally unique experience with the ability to stopover in various European cities along the way.

Direct trains to Moscow depart from Paris, Berlin, Warsaw, Amsterdam and Kiev. The Paris-Moscow Express runs once a week all year and is the most glamorous and comfortable option. The train traverses through four countries (France, Germany, Poland and Belarus) before pulling in at Moscow’s long-distance Belrussky train station after a journey of just under 40 hours. Another classy option popular among tourists is the Berlin-Moscow Swift train. Departing twice a week (Sundays and Mondays) from East Berlin station, it takes a little over 20 hours to cover the 1,896km between the German capital and Moscow.

Destination #2: Saint Petersburg

The former capital of the Russian Empire, the city that Peter the Great founded in 1703 is today a decidedly more laidback city compared with the frenetic pace of Moscow. Explore the highlights of this living museum, where the city centre of Saint Petersburg (also known simply as ‘Peter’) consists of one colossal architectural masterpiece after another.

Peter the Great transformed a tract of swampland on the Neva River delta into what would be regarded as one of the world’s most beautiful cities, reflecting the cultural and artistic prowess of Imperial Russia and a sophisticated European influence inspired by the likes of London, Paris and Vienna.

At the same time, St Petersburg is a thriving, modern metropolis with a population of over five million. Just as it originally attracted architects, poets, painters, composers and revolutionaries, today young creatives flock to St Petersburg’s lively streets, artistic hubs, galleries and performance venues, many of them housed in the shells of crumbling old-world mansions and derelict palaces, providing a youthful, edgy and energetic counterpoint to the city’s stately ornamental façade.

Why visit St Petersburg?

Moscow may be the seat of Russia’s political power, but St Petersburg is the country’s cultural capital. There are many reasons the Russia Destination Guide has to make visiting St. Petersburg a must. Not just for its numerous palaces, churches and museums , but also its theatres and concert halls, its contemporary art hubs and its flourishing live music and bar scene.

St Petersburg is renowned for its illustrious architecture, home to the magnificent Palace Square and Peterhof Palace, the Russian equivalent of Versailles. It also boasts one of the world’s greatest museums in the imposing State Hermitage complex. The entire historic city centre is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site.

Known as the “Venice of the North” for its numerous rivers and canals, Russia’s most romantic city is famous for its beautiful drawbridges. The Palace Bridge is drawn every night in front of crowds of tourists and has become one of the most recognisable symbols of the city. History fans will be enraptured by St Petersburg’s perfectly preserved monuments to Tsarist extravagance, and the many sites and landmarks which played an integral role in the Russian Revolutions and both World Wars.

The city’s epic White Nights are the intoxicating summer weeks between late May and early June when night never falls and the streets and parks are alive with all-night revellers, open-air concerts and dusky evenings that transform almost unnoticeably into the morning.

Weather in St Petersburg and when to go

Despite being the northernmost metropolis in the world, St Petersburg’s proximity to the Gulf of Finland blesses the city with a maritime climate, making it far less chilly than much of Russia over winter, with temperatures rarely dipping below -7°C even in the coldest month of January.

Summers are usually pleasantly warm, with the occasional spell of hot, humid weather. Mid-summer (between late May and mid-June) is also the time of the legendary St Petersburg White Nights when the sun never completely sets and the evenings are alive with a festive atmosphere and concerts and performances take place nightly around the city.

A good amount of snow over winter in St Petersburg is always a given. During winter, the city is arguably at its most beautiful. The streets are relaxed and uncrowded, the Neva River becomes a wilderness of ice and shiny white snowflakes cover buildings and monuments set against a backdrop of bare trees covered in crystalline frost. In winter many parks are converted into ice skating rinks and skiing is possible outside of the city. Theatre life is very much alive over the winter months, with performances of the Nutcracker being a special Christmas favourite.

Here’s a Russia Destination Guide tip: If you find yourself in St Petersburg over New Years, the best way to celebrate in this destination with the locals is to head down to Palace Square. You can join in the countdown for the fireworks display before warming up at one of the many bars, clubs and hotels holding parties.

Highlights of St Petersburg

The State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is undoubtedly the jewel in St Petersburg’s cultural crown. One of the world’s greatest collections of ancient and modern art, only the Louvre in Paris and Prado in Madrid rival the Hermitage in terms of worldwide cultural importance. The museum houses some three million individual artworks and artefacts, from Egyptian antiquities to 19 th and 20th-century modern art. The Hermitage comprises six individual buildings including Winter Palace, with its stunning white-columned facade and gallery rooms.

Church of the Saviour on Spilled Blood

One of St Petersburg’s most iconic sights is this extraordinarily decorated church marking the site where Tsar Alexander met his untimely death at the hands of bomb-wielding revolutionaries. Although it bears a resemblance to Moscow’s 16 th St Basil’s Cathedral, with its intricate mosaics and multi-coloured onion domes, the church is just over a hundred years old.

St Issacs Cathedral

St Petersburg is home to countless cathedrals, most conceived in the baroque and neoclassical styles. St Issacs Cathedral is the largest cathedral in St Petersburg, identifiable by its gold-illuminated dome and twelve statues of angels. The cathedral’s history tells an intriguing story of conflict and dissent. The anti-religious Soviet government denounced the Cathedral and converted it into a museum of atheism. In 1937 it was converted into a museum of art, and religious activities resumed in 1990.

Tsarkoye Selo

This grand Imperial estate is located in the handsome town of Pushkin, 25km south of St Petersburg. Amid exquisite parks and gardens, you’ll find the baroque Catherine Palace, a luxurious summer sanctuary surrounded by acres of gardens where remarkable structures like the Marble Bridge, the Dutch Admiralty and the Creaking Pagoda were constructed for her amusement. The estate is also home to Alexander Palace. A fine example of neoclassic architecture, its tumultuous history paints a fascinating portrait of the Romanov family.

Peterhof Palace

With its exquisitely manicured gardens, magnificent fountains and gold sculptures, Peter the Great modelled his sumptuous summer palace on the Baltic Sea on Versailles. It’s living rooms, bedrooms, ballrooms and ceremonial rooms are all extraordinarily beautiful. Peter’s daughter, Empress Elizabeth later extended the park and ordered the construction of the 22km Grand Cascade, featuring a total of three waterfalls, 64 fountains and 37 gilt statues.

Nevsky Prospect

St Petersburg’s high street is a 4.5km long royal avenue lined with stately mansions and palaces as well as countless shops, luxury hotels and Gostiny Dyor , the city’s largest department store. Walking the length of the avenue during the day and again at night is highly recommended by the Russia destination guide to take in the atmosphere of this living piece of history and its captivating mixture of old and new.

Bridges and canals of St Petersburg

A relaxing canal tour is a must-do activity, allowing you to see the sites of St Petersburg and its surrounding suburbs from an entirely different perceptive. A city made up of 42 islands across the Lena River delta, St Petersburg is crisscrossed by 300km of artificial canals, flowing beneath a network of over 800 bridges.

How to get to St Petersburg

The distance between Moscow and St Petersburg is approximately 700km, making either flying or train travel excellent for travelling between the cities. There are numerous flights per day and the flight time is around 1.5 hours. However, you’ll have to factor in the time need to get to and from the airports, which are located on the city outskirts.

Most overseas visitors first touchdown in Moscow and then connect to St Petersburg. There are also direct flights to St Petersburg’s Pulvoko Airport from many international destinations, mostly in Europe, including Paris, London, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich, Frankfurt, Prague, Helsinki and Stockholm. Direct flights also operate from Shanghai, Beijing, Doha, Dubai and Istanbul and many other international hubs.

From Moscow, overland options include daytime high-speed trains such as the Sapsan , which whisks you from Moscow to St Petersburg in about four hours. Ticket prices vary but at the time of writing this Russia destination guide, expect to pay around US $70 for an economy seat. Business-class costs around twice as much and first-class around twice again.

There are also several overnight train services travelling between the two cities. The journey takes around 8 to 9 hours and offers the benefit of saving you a night’s accommodation. A bunk in a third-class sleeper carriage is around 2,000 rubles (US $30), while a first-class cabin on the luxury Red Arrow train will set you back around 8,800 rubles (US $134)

Train tickets can be purchased at the station, but to be safe, you can purchase them online up to 90 days in advance from RZD , the official website of Russian Railways.

Destination #3: The Golden Ring

The Golden Ring is renowned as the most popular overland tourist trail through the charming provincial cities of central Russia, and thus certainly deserves a spot in the Russia destination guide’s list. The 740km circular route passes through a collection of small cities northeast of Moscow that counts among Russia’s oldest medieval townships. Despite their modest size, many of the Golden Ring’s cities played a vital role in shaping the country’s history. Its oldest settlements can be traced back to at least the 10 th century.

Scattered across a postcard-perfect landscape of rolling hills, flower blanketed meadows, rivers and streams, the cities of the Golden Ring were considered political backwaters by the time Soviet industrialisation took hold, escaping much of the urban progress that rapidly engulfed Moscow and its surroundings. Consequently, many locals still lead a largely traditional existence, living in tight-knit communities where the ancestral izba (wooden farmhouse) is the centre of daily life.

Today, the region remains remarkably untouched by urbanisation. Surrounded by rolling hills and verdant meadows, these lands are a throwback a rural Russia that has changed little for generations. Many of the towns were instrumental in the rise of the Orthodox church, as evidenced by the abundance of magnificent cathedral spires and domes. Apart from their religious significance, these proud towns have staunchly preserved their time-honoured traditions, folk art and cuisine.

Why visit the Golden Ring of Russia?

Wandering the tranquil, cobblestone streets of the ancient Golden Ring towns feels like genuinely stepping back in time. Virtually every city on the circuit is a living museum, made up of ancient forts, towering monasteries, imposing palaces and magnificent cathedrals. Several of the Golden Ring towns are home to UNESCO World Heritage-listed treasures, including the medieval White Monuments of Suzdal and Vladimir and the historic centre of Yaroslavl.

Readers of the Russia Destination Guide who are admirers of classic architecture  or perhaps history buffs will adore these destinations. Those hoping for an intimate insight into the places, people and events that shaped the complex, deep-rooted history that shaped Imperial and Soviet Russia will find the sights and stories of the Golden Ring region a fascinating and enthralling experience. You can feel the history in the air, among the perfectly preserved medieval wooden houses and the grand fortress and kremlins built in times where these cities wielded substantial political and religious power. Instrumental in the rise of the Russian Orthodox Church, across the centuries, many of these strategic settlements found themselves battling ruthless Mongol invasions, rebellious Tatar sieges and a string of Tsarist scandals.

Due to its proximity to Moscow, the Golden Ring is a popular side-trip for visitors to the Russian capital. The gorgeous countryside and laidback pace of the towns provide a welcome respite from the frenetic atmosphere of Moscow, well worth a diversion of at least a couple of days (hardcore history fans will ideally need a week or more to see most of the region’s highlights).

Weather in the Golden Ring and when to go

With this Russia Destination Guide, you can plan the perfect date of arrival with these tips. The Golden Ring is truly a year-round destination, with each season bringing a new and beautiful palette of colour to the rural countryside. Visitor numbers peak with the warm summer months (June to August) when the skies are a vivid blue, making for a particularly great backdrop against the domes and cupolas of the region’s many churches and cathedrals. In spring (April through to May) the meadows come alive with flowers while in the short autumn months (September to October) the scenery takes on the rich hues of red, orange and yellow. The freezing temperatures of the winter months (November to March) often bring a thick blanket of snow that creates a dreamy wonderland with lakes and rivers frozen over, perfect for ice skating.

Highlights of the Golden Ring of Russia

The most picturesque stop on the Golden Ring circuit, 1,000-year-old Suzdal appears like a scene from a Russian storybook. It’s quiet laneways, cobblestone plazas and medieval churches have inspired artists and poets for centuries. With many of residents living in colourful wooden houses, and classic horse-drawn buggies still a fixture of its quiet streets, Suzdal has managed to retain a tranquil, rural atmosphere, giving you an impression of how much of Russia might have looked centuries ago.

Explore  Yaroslavl,  the first Christian city on the Volga River and the subject of epic poems and heroic prose for centuries. Many of Russia’s greatest craftsmen, stonemasons, painters and sculptors came together to create this city of magnificent churches and monuments, dating back to the 1100s. The Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Saviour is one of the richest and most fortified monasteries. Here’s a Russa destination guide tip for you: A bird’s-eye view of Yaroslavl and its rivers can be had by climbing up to the top of the cathedral’s bell town.

The oldest town in the Golden Ring and is also one of its most architecturally impressive, rich in elegantly restored monuments dating from the 12 th to the 17 th century. Today, a sleepy, village-like atmosphere hovers over the town, bringing a quiet stillness to the evenings that only breaks with the crowing of the cockerels at first like. The supremely photogenic Rostov Kremlin features walls of delicate pink, enclosing a number of extraordinary 17th-century buildings including the domed Assumption Cathedral and the St John the Divine Gateway Church.

Sergiev Posad

The Russia destination guide presents to you Sergiev Posad – one of the most important spiritual centres of the Orthodox Church sometimes referred to as the ‘Russian Vatican’. This is because of its city-wide scattering of magnificent white-walled churches with contrasting blue and gold cupolas – the colour scheme most strongly associated with the perception of Russian divinity. Founded in 1340 by the country’s most revered saint, St Sergius of Radonezh, Sergiev Posad is one of Russia’s holiest destinations, attracting devoted pilgrims since the 14 th century.

How to get to the Golden Ring 

Moscow is the logical starting point for excursions into the Golden Ring region. This small group or private tour is popular among foreign visitors as it allows you to cover the most ground in the shortest amount of time. On a customised tour, you can choose your pitstops and overnight stays depending on which cities most strike your interests. This Russia Destination Guide will assist you in picking the right experience for you.

Day tours that operate out of Moscow and will hit up one or two of the closest towns from the capital (typically Sergiev Posad, or Suzdal, sometimes combined with Vladimir) but to truly appreciate the variety of the Golden Ring cities the languid beauty of its, a multi-day day tour is highly recommended. If you only have a limited amount of time, a tour encompassing an overnight stay and two-day detour from Moscow in the region’s most beguiling town of Suzdal is highly recommended.

It’s also possible to visit some of the major cities on the Golden Ring route via train, although not every popular destination on the route is serviced by a train station. A popular rail loop from Moscow allows for direct stops in Rostov, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and Vladimir.

Destination #4: Lake Baikal

An ancient lake so vast in size it’s referred to as Siberia’s “inland sea”, the deepest point of Lake Baikal is an abyssal 1,637m, making this 30 million-year-old body of water the deepest lake in the world. Incredibly, 20% of the world’s entire freshwater supply is contained within Lake Baikal. The crescent-shaped lake extends for 636km from north to south and contains 27, mostly uninhabited islands. The vast Baikal region is home to several indigenous cultures, including the ethnic Buryat people who practice a unique form of Buddhism blended with ancient shamanistic rites and religious beliefs. Traditional villages are dotted along the lake’s shore, interspersed with taiga forest and rocky steppe terrain. The national park surrounding Baikal harbour diverse array of wildlife, and the lake’s waters are home to the N erpa , the beloved freshwater Baikal seal.

With its mirror-clear blue water and enthralling natural beauty, Lake Baikal is considered Siberia’s premier attraction and is recognised by UNESCO as one of Russia’s 28 World Heritage Sites. It will certainly enchant any Russia destination guide reader planning a trip to Russia.

Why visit Lake Baikal?

Lake Baikal offers something for every traveller. Readers of the Russia destination guide attracted to laidback summer cruise vacationers, who are adventure sports enthusiasts and culture buffs keen to discover will love this destination. The blend of European, Turkic and Mongol influences are found in the region’s languages, customs, cuisine and traditional ways of living.

With a surface that freezes solid between early January and late May, the ice covering Lake Baikal can be up to a metre thick, giving winter visitors the chance to experience unique activities such as ice driving, snowmobiling, ice fishing and ice rafting (river rafting on an actual chunk of Baikal ice). Lovers of landscape photography are drawn to Lake Baikal’s mystical frozen caves and shimmering ice floes. Summer is the season for Russia destination guide readers interested in multi-day cruises and epic kayaking expeditions to hidden coves and pristine beaches.

Weather in Lake Baikal and when to go

Lake Baikal has a maritime climate which is typically much milder than the rest of Siberia. The vast majority of visitors to Baikal arrive in the summer months, with peak season hitting between June and mid-August. Summer days in Baikal are typically warm and pleasant. Sunbathing and swimming are possible, although water temperatures of 15 degrees or below usually keep swim sessions bracingly short! Boating season starts with the break-up of pack ice in late June and can last until September, although cruise tours are generally offered in July and August.

Autumn falls between the end of August and October and is usually the rainiest time of year. Still, this Russia Destination Guide recommends this season’s exquisite autumn scenery for photographers looking to capture the red and gold flora of the forests and the moody, sometimes dramatically windy and stormy weather.

The lake freezes over between January and May. Baikal is arguably at its most enchantingly beautiful over the winter period. The extreme transparency of the lake’s solid surface allows you to peer beneath the ice and into the inky, unfrozen depths below. The ice caves and glittering hummocks are at their most impressive in March, when the ice is at its thickest and winter sports enthusiasts take to the lake for skating, biking, 4WDing and ice-hole fishing.

Highlights of Lake Baikal

For most tourists reading the Russia destination guide, the unofficial regional capital of Irkutsk is the gateway to Lake Baikal, which lies 70km to the east. With a population of about 600,000, Irkutsk is a compact and friendly city, well worth a visit for its charming traditional wooden architecture, 18th-century churches and local history and art museums.

Olkhon Island

Beautiful, rugged Olkhon is the most populated of Baikal’s islands, consisting of a scattering of tiny villages, occupied mainly by indigenous Buryat communities. The middle of the island, one of the highlights of this Russia destination guide journey, is a green sanctuary of Siberian taiga forest. Its majestic coast is made up of the rocky steppe, white sand beaches and soaring cliffs providing perfect vantage points for witnessing spectacular sunsets across the shimmering surface of the lake.

Circum-Baikal Railway

The Circum-Baikal railway is a short, picturesque stretch of railway running between Slyuduanka and Port Baikal, along with the southern tip of Lake Baikal. A steam train trip along the Circum-Baikal make a great day trip, passing through tunnels and bridges that serve to highlight the sheer feat of engineering that first made the journey possible in the early 1900s.

Baikal Nature Reserve

On a wild, southeastern stretch of Baikal’s coastline, the desolate mountains of the Khmer Daban Range descend steeply to the rocky shores of the lake. The park preserves subalpine meadows and tundra, and deep within the taiga forests, Siberian brown bear, lynx, otter, wolverine and golden eagle.

How to get to Lake Baikal 

The city of Irkutsk is considered the main tourist gateway to Lake Baikal for Russia destination guide travellers. Although it’s about 65km from the lake itself, it hosts an airport with several flights a day arriving from Moscow (around 7 hours). There are also regular flights from the major Russian cities, including St Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk. Regular international flights are operated from Beijing and occasional flights from Bangkok, Hong Kong and seasonally, twice a week from Seoul. For the western shore of Lake Baikal, the closest airport is Ulan-Ude. It’s a smaller airport, serviced by flights from Moscow and the larger Siberian airports, as well as flights from Beijing.

Travel by train via the Trans-Siberian Railway:

If time isn’t a limiting factor for you, the Russia Destination Guide will go through a far more interesting way to reach Lake Baikal. This is via the Trans-Siberian Railway . If you’re taking the east-west route from Moscow, the train journey from Moscow to Irkutsk takes about three to four days. To reach Lake Baikal from the Irkutsk railway station, you’ll need to make your way by public transport to the main bus station in town, where buses regularly depart for Listvyanka.

Destination #5: Kamchatka

Once considered an inaccessible “edge of the world” location, only visited by the hardiest of adventure travellers, today Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula is gaining a reputation as one of Russia’s most remarkable tourist destinations. Make no mistake, Kamchatka is remote – with no road or railways connecting it to the outside world, the only practical access into this pristine wilderness is by air, and the only way to travel long distances inside this refreshingly undeveloped region is by 4WD or helicopter.

For this Russia Destination Guide readers keen to get closer to nature, this is a trip worth making. Located at the northernmost edge of the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, the Kamchatka Peninsula juts out dramatically from the northeastern tip of Russia. Thirty active volcanoes are scattered across the peninsula, including Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the largest in the Northern Hemisphere. Equally as stunning are, the 90 geysers and numerous hot springs that make up the 6km Geyser Valley. The second largest concentration of geysers on earth, this natural gem remains a virtually untouched region of raw geothermal power. Getting to Kamchatka is half the journey, but once you arrive, the raw beauty of this far-flung region will floor you.

Why visit Kamchatka?

For lovers of wildlife, challenging hiking and rugged natural scenery, Kamchatka is paradise on earth. If your idea of the ultimate adventure is scaling an active volcano, coming within metres of wild brown bears, or exploring some of the most remote and wildlife-rich coasts on earth, Kamchatka should be at the very top of your bucket list. Active travellers seeking unique physical challenges where few tourists have gone before should visit in winter for action-packed tours , or in summer for incredible backcountry sea kayaking and camping expeditions, tracing Kamchatka’s dramatic coastline, paddling beneath the shadows of volcanoes and riding the swirling Pacific surf.

Weather in Kamchatka and when to visit

Kamchatka stretches across several climatic zones. Central Kamchatka’s climate is mild and continental. The alpine valleys are characterised by frosty winters and hot, humid summers, while the coast experiences a temperate, marine climate. The summer and autumn months (June through to October) are by far the most popular when max temperatures range from 15°C to 30°C but a growing trend in winter sports means Kamchatka receives visitors year-round.

Kamchatka’s famous brown bears hibernate during the long, snowy winter, so you’ll need to visit between late July and mid-September to be able to spot them. Swimming and kayaking in Avacha Bay is possible during the summer months, and the fly fishing season is between May and October. Kamchatka’s ski resorts and off-piste mountain slopes attract hardcore snow junkies from January through to May.

Highlights of Kamchatka 

Volcanoes of the Pacific Ring of Fire

Kamchatka earns a deserving place as one of the most outstanding volcanic regions of the world, with a high density of active volcanoes. Rugged volcanic peaks interspersed with lush valleys, desolate lava-spewing plains and ancient glaciers form a dynamic landscaped with a strange, almost otherworldly sense of beauty. Nineteen active volcanoes are included in the within the six groups of UNESCO World Heritage-listed sites of Kamchatka. Travellers who fancy themselves as mountain trekkers can easily walk to the bases of some impressive mountains.

Valley of Geysers

Seething, steaming and periodically expelling huge volumes of hot water in a spectacular jet, geysers are a remarkable natural phenomenon. Kamchatka’s Geyser Valley is home to the second largest concentration of geysers on earth, scattered across a 6km basin with the Martian-like volcanic scenery. Due to their remote location, the geysers can only be accessed by helicopter. Once inside the valley, local guides and wooden walkways provide a safe passageway past some of the largest and most spectacular geysers.

The Brown Bears of Kamchatka

The Kamchatka brown bear , one of the largest subspecies of brown bear in the world. The region’s well-preserved wilderness has created a safe sanctuary for one of the most concentrated brown bear populations in the world, meaning summer sightings of these impressive animals are virtually guaranteed. During late July to mid-September, Kuril Lake hosts Kamchatka’s largest salmon spawning event, attracting about 2 million fish each season. Tourists, escorted by rangers can observe the bears as they swim, play and fish for salmon.

Kamchatka’s Pacific Coast

Vast, rugged and largely uninhabited, Kamchatka boasts one of the most isolated stretches of coastline in the world. The region’s capital, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, is situated beside the calm waters of Avacha Bay, under the shadow of the three Petropavlovsk volcanoes. Beyond Avacha are thousands of kilometres of rocky coastline. The most conspicuous residents here are seals, giant Stellar sea lions, orcas, whales and sea eagles.

Heli-Skiing in Kamchatka

For experienced skiers and snowboarders with a taste for the extreme, heli-skiing the untouched volcanic slopes of Kamchatka will be a wild winter adventure that’s virtually unrivalled. The experience starts with an incredible flight over the untamed peaks of the peninsula in a Russian chopper – the ultimate chairlift! Then, touchdown in the middle of nowhere and prepare for the free ride of a lifetime. Kamchatka is the only place on earth where it’s possible to ski down active volcanoes, and even to ski into the crater, with active steam vents smoking around you!

How to get to Kamchatka

Sandwiched between sub-Arctic Russia and the Pacific Ocean, Kamchatka has no overland routes leading into the region. There are no regular passenger ferries to anywhere in Kamchatka, so the only practical way for travellers to arrive is by air. You can find the airport located 20km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the village of Yelizovo. There are daily flights from Moscow (nine hours), and several flights a week from St Petersburg, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok and Beijing. In the peak summer season, there are occasional flights from Anchorage, Alaska and Tokyo, Japan.

Destination #6: Karelia

Karelia exudes an air of magic unlike anywhere else in Russia. Encompassing vast tracts of untouched wilderness, the far northwestern republic is covered in dense forests, idyllic lakes and waterfalls, fertile hills and barren steppe country. Iconic animal species now extremely rare in much of Europe – bears, wolves, wolverine, lynx, reindeer, moose and otter roam freely along the Russian frontier.

Bordered by Finland and the White Sea, Karelia is not just a far-flung no-mans land but a living museum of human history. Inhabited by Scandinavian peoples for 6,000 years and intermittently contested by Finnish, Swedish, and Russian forces over centuries, Karelia, despite having much of its territory ceded to the Soviet Union in 1939, the region still retains a strong cultural connection with eastern Finland. Distinctly Karelian culture lives on in the peasant traditions of poetry, music and folk ceremonies that reinforce the people’s bond with the land and sea.  

Why visit Karelia?

This Russia Destination Guide will present to you some of the highlights and high points of this magnificent destination. Easily accessible from Moscow and St Petersburg, and blessed with extraordinary natural beauty, a unique culture unlike anywhere else in Russia and some of the best-preserved traditional wooden architecture in the country, Karelia slowly starting to appear on the radar of international travellers.

The region offers a fantastic mix of nature, outdoor adventure and cultural discovery, from the prehistoric petroglyphs near the White Sea Coast to the republic’s most famous attraction, the World Heritage-listed Kizhi Pogost, an open-air museum in the middle of a lake, dedicated to fine 17 th ad 18th-century wooden architecture.

Karelia is an equally enchanting eco-tourism destination for Russia destination guide readers, home to the primordial forests of  Kivach Nature Reserve , and  Ruskeala Mountain Park , a former marble quarry that has been naturally transformed over time into a magnificent flooded canyon, carved from a unique and harmonious fusion of the natural and the man-made.

Karelia’s rivers, lakes and streams allow off-the-grid kayaking, fishing and camping for weeks. In winter, the woods become an enchanting playground for dog sledding, snowmobiling and cross-country skiing.

Weather in Karelia and when to visit

Generally speaking, Karelia has a continental climate zone, with typically much milder winters in contrast to other northern regions near the Arctic. However, Karelia’s climate has a reputation for being unpredictable, so no matter which season Russia Destination Guide traveller’s trips coincides with, be prepared for practically any weather.

The short summer period from June to mid-August is modestly warm, but this time of the year welcomes the most visitors to Karelia since it enjoys the sunniest days by far. By the peak of July, the famous ‘midnight sun’ visits northern Karelia, and shines almost around the clock. Expect maximum daytime temperatures of between 16 and 21°C. Karelia’s relatively mild temperatures make it one of the most comfortable destinations for experiencing winter in the Arctic zone. The Russia Destination Guide implores you to explore the ethereal taiga forests and fairytale wooden houses which look especially magical against a snowy winter backdrop. The snowy landscapes are perfect for enjoying favourite local sports such as snowmobiling, skiing and dog-sledding. Its proximity to the Arctic Circle means that the skies above Northern Karelia are sometimes graced with an appearance from the Northern Lights.

Highlights of Karelia

One of the largest open-air museums in Russia has been built on the island of Kizhi in the middle of Lake Onega. Kizhi is immediately recognisable thanks to the iconic Transfiguration Church. This masterpiece of timber architecture features five tiers of 22 wooden domes, built in 1714 without the use of a single nail. The pine walls and domes of the church change colour as the day progresses. The Kizhi State Museum is home to dozens of 18 th and 19th-century log buildings, some furnished in period style, moved here from Karelian villages during the Soviet era.

Ruskeala mountain park

Ruskeala was formerly a marble quarry, mined by the Swedes, Finns and Russians for around three centuries. The 109-metre wide canyon now stretches for 456 metres and its sides are riddled with caves and grottoes. Tall pines sprout from the tops of the canyon walls and the groundwater has become a river of deep emerald green, creating a truly beautiful union of the natural and the man-made. The canyon can be traversed by boat, and some of the caves and mine shafts can be explored with a professional guide.

Solovetsky Islands

The Solovetsky Islands, is a place that many travellers fantasise about visiting when in Russia but few actually ever end up doing so. Located in the Onega Bay of the White Sea, the archipelago is made up of 6 main islands and many smaller ones. The largest island is the Bolshoy Solovetsky and it is home to the main monastery, which dominates the rural idyll of Solovetsky Village, the islands’ main settlement.

Valaam Island

As one of the most popular Orthodox tourist destinations, the main attraction that draws visitors to its shores is the 14th century Transfiguration Monastery. It is a monumental structure that sits on top of the high hill, making it visible from many locations on the island. In the past, the monastery had been subjected to numerous accounts of destruction and devastation from fires and invasions. Now, the gardens, a bakery, vegetable patches and a farm, rolling prairies and granite cliffs with around 200 Orthodox monks living within its walls permanently.

How to get to Karelia

For Russia Destination Readers travelling within Russia itself, S7 Airlines fly between four and five times a week from Moscow (Domodedovo) to the Karelian capital of Petrozavodsk (approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes). The timetable changes regularly so keep an eye out on S7’s flight schedule. Petrozavodsk is a small airport about 12km out of town. Taxis or private transfers are the preferred means of getting into the city. Once you arrive at the Petrozavodsk airport, it is about a 12km drive to the city centre. Pre-arranged private transfers are typically the preferred methods of transportation to get to town.

There are several trains per week, both daytime and overnight departing from St Petersburg to Petrozavodsk (7 hours) or day trains (4 hours). Trains from Moscow to Petrozavodsk run daily, an overnight journey of around 16 hours. The twice-weekly train to Murmansk (capital of Kola Peninsula) also makes a stop in Petrozavodsk.

Travel by bus:

A bus service connects Petrozavodsk to Joensuu in Finland (Thursdays to Sundays) and takes around 4 hours and 40 minutes. There are also bus services to Petrozavodsk from St Petersburg, which takes between 5 and 6 hours and is an extremely cheap way to travel between the two cities.

Destination #7: Kola Peninsula

Pierced by the snow-dusted pines of the taiga forest in the south and blanketed by an endless expanse of tundra in the north, the Kola Peninsula is the quintessential Russian Arctic destination. Inhabited by reindeer-herding nomads and bound by the White and Barents Seas (plied by only the strongest of nuclear ice-breaker ships), this remote region is the stuff of romance and legend. Situated almost entirely above the Arctic Circle, between mid-May and July, daylight lasts a full 24 hours, bathing the peninsula in the dazzling light of the unsetting midnight sun. Conversely, for two months over winter, the Kola Peninsula is blanketed by the polar night, when the sky is only lit by the appearance of the mesmerising Aurora Borealis.

A land of jewel-like lakes and crystal clear rivers, unexplored mountain ranges and wildlife-rich Arctic coastline, Kola’s vast grasslands are subject to visiting grazing reindeer in their thousands over the summer months. Many of the indigenous Sami, who also inhabit northern Scandinavia, still live on to a semi-nomadic way of life, depending on reindeer herding for their livelihood, traversing the tundra on husky-drawn sleds and holding on to their own ancient customs, language and traditions.

Not all of Kola is untouched by modern development. The capital Murmansk, with a population of over 300,000, is the largest city north of the Arctic Circle, and despite its industrial port town feel, is a remarkably lively town, with bars and restaurants and interesting Naval history.

Why visit the Kola Peninsula?

Still very much a frontier tourist destination, Kola is a place for travellers seeking unusual and extreme environments and boundless Arctic wilderness. For those Russian Destination Guide readers keen on winter sports, Kola offers some of the Arctic region’s best cross-country skiing, and the opportunity to go snowmobiling in the taiga. For hardcore history buffs, the peninsula is also a hunting ground for Soviet-era ruins including a haunting submarine graveyard near the Russian naval base at Olenya Bay.

Between the months of September and April, the city of Murmansk receives an influx of visitors hoping to catch the cosmic dance of the Northern Lights above the city rooftops and the hills, forests and snowfields surrounding the town.

Weather in the Kola Peninsula and when to go

Despite its extreme northern location, Kola enjoys one of the mildest climates of any region above the Arctic Circle, thanks to the influence of the warm Atlantic currents. This has helped make Kola an attractive destination for Northern Lights tourism between the autumn and late winter months of September and April.

The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of about -10°C in the Murmansk region. July is the warmest month, with temperatures between 12 and 20°C. From early December till late January, the sun is hidden beneath the horizon day and night, with artificial light the only means of illuminating the infamous polar night. The season of the polar day is from late May to late July when bright sunshine persists regardless of the time of day.

Highlights of the Kola Peninsula 

The Northern Lights in the Kola Peninsula

Known as the best place in the Russian Arctic for a chance to witness the breathtaking spectacle of the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights , Murmansk and its surrounds have become one of the world’s premier destinations for observing and photographing this bewitching natural phenomenon. Although their appearance is unpredictable, the lights can be sighted between late August and April, with September to April considered the best months for maximising your chances.

Nomadic Saami culture

The Sami (or Saami) are also the most prominent indigenous group in Lapland, Scandinavia. So distant is their language and way of life from the rest of Russia the Sami-dominated parts of Kola are usually referred to as Lapland. With a local guide, it’s possible to visit a traditional Sami settlement where many traditional dwellings are still in use. You may be invited to test your reindeer lassoing skills, commandeer your own troupe of sled-pulling huskies and taste authentic Lappish cuisines such as Arctic fish soup and berry pie.

Snow Village

The Snow Village is an ambitious tourism project featuring ornately decorated buildings, sculptures, labyrinthine tunnels and intricately patterned rooms, painstakingly constructed almost entirely out of ice and snow. Drop in at the ice bar, watch a film at the snow cinema, check out the ice sculpture gallery or stroll through the enchanting “village” where you’ll encounter fairy tale characters, mythical snow maidens and perhaps even Santa Klaus himself.

Teriberka Village

Teriberka is an old village, located on the Barents Sea coast. The way to the village takes travellers through the tundra with splendid sceneries on their way. Teriberka village is an authentic place and you will be impressed by arctic nature, village life and almost destroyed households Soviet Union period, cemetery old wooden ships and the famous breathtaking view of the Arctic ocean.

Destination #8: Yamal

Once considered a virtually inaccessible “edge of the world” location, only visited by the hardiest of adventure travellers, Yamal is one of the last refuges of Siberia’s nomadic reindeer herders, custodians of a land of vast plains that stretch from the Polar Ural Mountains to the Kara Sea in the Arctic Ocean. While large-scale reindeer herding is slowly disappearing throughout Russia and the Arctic, Yamal’s remoteness has been key to the preservation of this ancient way of life practised by the indigenous Nenets. Even so, the discovery of immense oil and gas resources in the peninsula will mean the Nenets culture is becoming increasingly under pressure from modern industrial development.

With much of its territory above the Arctic Circle, Yamal means ‘edge of the world’ in the language of its indigenous people. Its administrative centre, the historic town of Salekhard (population 43,000) straddles the Arctic Circle. The Yamal Peninsula was considered so inhospitable that Stalin built his prison camps here. And yet a rich, colourful and resilient culture and ancient shamanistic religion have managed to survive here.

To survive Yamal’s extreme climate, the Nenets migrate with herds of up to 10,000 strong from their winter pastures in the southern taiga, north to their summer grazing lands near the Arctic Ocean. Crossing the frozen Ob, the world’s fifth-largest river is just part of a journey which can span over 1,000km, one way, making it one of the longest annual human migration routes in the world.

Why visit Yamal?

Very few foreigners have set foot on the Yamal Peninsula. There are no roads from outside into the area, and outsiders (both Russians and foreigners) must apply for a visitors permit at least two months ahead. Due to the challenging logistics of visiting Yamal, a guided tour is highly recommended.

The Russia Destination Guide presents to you the single most compelling reason to make this difficult journey to Yamal. Here, you can submerge yourself in a culturally immersive experience like no other. During the reindeer migration season, you will have the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to live amongst the indigenous Nenets of Yamal, sleeping in their summer tented camps, working with reindeer and following them on part of their migration on wooden sleds through the snowy taiga forest. The highlight of the year for visitors to Yamal is the annual Reindeer Herder’s Festival , the most important event on the Nenets calendar which showcases all manner of reindeer-related physical challenges.

Weather in Yamal and when to go

Most of the Yamal territory is located within the northern part of the West Siberian Plain, and a small part of the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. The climate of this region is characterised by long, harsh and winters of up to eight months, and short summers with strong winds and relatively light snow cover.

Summer temperatures hover around 5 to 25°C but the wind chill factor still makes warm clothing outside a must. In deepest winter, out on the tundra, temperatures of a staggering -50°C are common. Clothing and exposure protection suitable for extreme cold is an absolute must for surviving Yamal in the winter time. The Nenets wear heavy coats, hats and boots fashioned from reindeer skin, and while living with them in their tents, guests are highly advised to do the same.

Highlights of Yamal

Reindeer Migration with Nenets

Travel with the Nenets on one leg of their annual migration – it’s one of the most unforgettable and incomparable cultural experiences on earth! Each spring, the Nenets migrate from winter pastures on the Russian mainland to the summer pastures in the Arctic Circle, a one-way journey of up to 1,000km. This is a remarkable extraordinary opportunity to get to know one of the world’s last true nomadic reindeer herders through their eyes.

Reindeer Herder’s Festival in Yamal

The Reindeer Herder’s Festival is a one-day holiday, celebrated in late March or early April in Yamal. For the nomadic Nenets people, a festival day is a major event, which offers a chance to meet with friends and compete in contests of physical skill and a variety of other competitions. It has also become an event in which the Nenets are able to share with the world a rarely-glimpsed slice of their culture, which has remained relatively unchanged for centuries. Visits to the festival combined with a stay in a traditional nomad camp can be arranged by a specialist tour company.

How to get to Yamal

The Arctic city of Salekhard is the gateway to the rest of Yamal. There are direct flights from Moscow and St Petersburg (both around 3 hours) and also from Ekaterinburg (1.5 hours) on Yamal Airlines. Salekhard Airport is about 7km from the city centre.

Fancy a ride on the real, modern-day Polar Express? The train named the “Polar Arrow” was launched in 2013 and makes the 3,550km journey from Moscow, cutting through the Ural Mountains, hauling through Asia and Siberia and crossing the Arctic Circle to reach Labytnangi (the closest station to Salekhard) some 43 to 46 hours later. Taxis from Labytanangi will take you to Salekhard’s town centre in less than half an hour.

Destination #9: Altai Republic

The Altai Republic is, in a word, “diverse.” A mountainous region whose borders touch the semi-deserts of Mongolia and the vast Kazakh plains, Altai has one the most varied climates in Siberia. Still largely undiscovered, Altai now supports a growing, community-based eco-tourism industry. As well as being an incredible hike and ski destination, Altai offers the unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the traditions of the mountain-worshipping Altay people, whose ancient culture reflects Altai’s location at the crossroads of both Europe and East and Central Asia.

Altai is impossibly scenic – watch the scenery slide by as it rolls from rocky steppes to the high desert to impenetrable taiga forest. Colours shift, fields lay in hushed snowfall or blossom in spring. Everything changes here, with only one exception – Altai’s majestic mountain peaks. Home to the UNESCO World Heritage Site “The Golden Mountains of Altai”, the Altai Mountain Range is a refuge for some of the world’s rarest animal species. In the raw, rugged beauty of this long-forgotten wilderness, you can hike for miles in complete solitude. Go fishing in the pristine tributaries of the Katun and Chemal Rivers, search for snow leopard prints in the hills, explore vast underground cave complexes or get your fix of winter sports action in one of the region’s burgeoning boutique ski resorts.  

Why travel to Altai?

Blessed with unforgettable mountain scenery – eternally snow-capped alpine peaks, broad green valleys, rocky canyons and mighty glaciers – Altai cements its place in the Russia destination guide as the ultimate hiking destination. Altai has an enormous amount to offer lovers of landscape, nature and wildlife photography. Despite being a relatively unknown ‘adventure’ destination, Altai’s trekking routes offer something for hikers of all levels of experience, from easy jaunts in the foothills and meadowlands to hardcore, high-altitude multi-day and multi-week treks straddling the mountain ranges that straddle the Mongolian, Chinese and Kazaz borders. Altai’s hiking trails are endless and reaching the summit of one of the high peaks is of the most rewarding things to do in the Altai region.

Weather in Altai and when to go  

The Altai Republic has three main climatic zones – warm and humid continental, subarctic and cold semi-arid, making it essentially a year-round destination. Being located far from the oceans, the lands of the Altai Ranges heat up considerably in summer and cool rapidly in winter, making late spring and summer the ideal season for mountain trekking and camping.

Summer is peak whitewater rafting season in Altai. The Russia destination guide recommendation is to visit around the end of August where you may witness or participate in the White Water Siberia Forum, a sensational event that attracts professional rafters from around the world attempting to conquer the incredibly wild rapids and of the majestic Chuya River.

Highlights of Altai

The Golden Mountains of Altai

The Golden Mountains of Altai is a UNESCO World Heritage site forming the major mountain range in Western Siberia and the source of its greatest rivers – the Ob and the Irtysh. The region harbours the most diverse vegetation and microclimatic zones in central Siberia, from steppe to dense mix forest and high alpine vegetation. The dramatic Altai ranges are home to nearly 700 animal species, including the mountain ram, reindeer and the endangered snow leopard. Stunning Mount Belukha is the highest peak in Siberia at a cloud-piercing 4,506m.

Lake Teletskoye – The Golden Lake

Lake Teletskoye or Altyn-Köl, which means “Golden Lake” is the world’s second deepest freshwater body after Lake Baikal (up to 325m at its deepest point). A dazzlingly transparent aquamarine sometimes referred to as “Baikal’s Little Brother”, the lake spans 233 square kilometres and is surrounded by the alpine meadows, forests and the jagged, rocky peaks of the Altai mountain ranges.

The Indigenous Cultures of Altai

Altai is home to 5 million people speaking 40 languages. The indigenous population includes the various ethnic groups of the Alati people, descendants of the Turkic tribes with ancient cultural links to the Mongols. Among the most famous Altai ancestral traditions is throat singing. The style of throat singing or ‘overtone singing’, (as it sounds as though the vocalist is singing two notes in separate frequencies at the same time) performed in Altai is unique to certain cultures in Siberia and Mongolia.

How to get to Altai   

For Russia Destination Guide readers travelling within Russia, there are two main options for reaching the Altai Mountains by air. From Moscow, you can take a direct flight to Gorno-Altaysk, the capital of the Altai Republic. S7 Airlines runs about two flights a week (check the schedule for seasonal changes to the timetable) with a flight time of about 4 hours and 4 minutes.

Flights also operate several times a week from Moscow to Barnaul (just over 4 hours flight time), capital of the neighbouring Altai Territory and a larger and more developed city than Gorno-Altaysk, from where you can take public transport or rent a car for the three-hour drive to Gorno-Altaysk

Although it is not part of the Altai Republic, lying 447km from the Altai capital of Gorno-Altaysk, Novosibirsk is one the most popular jumping-off points for trips into rural Altai. As the largest city in Siberia, Novosibirsk is well serviced by air, with daily flights to and from all the major Russian cities and some international flights from Frankfurts, Hannover, Beijing, Seoul and Tel Aviv. The largest local airport it Tolmachovo Airport, located 20km west of the city centre by taxi, hotel shuttle bus or private transfer.

The Trans-Siberian Railway from Moscow passes through Novosibirsk, and travellers can disembark the train here before continuing their 5 and a half to 6-hour journey to Gorno-Altaksy by road.

From Novosibirsk or Baurnal, the cheapest way to get into Gorno-Altaysk is by bus. There are around 4 to 5 trips per day from Novosibirsk, while buses depart from Baurnal roughly every 2 hours.

We hope this Russia destination guide was informative and useful to you. Feel free to get in touch with our team for more information on options to travel to Russia.

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For the unfamiliar, the thought of Russia might conjure up images of vodka-swilling men in fur hats, or KGB spies from a Hollywood movie. But look past the stereotypes and you’ll discover a country of deep tradition, artistry and a passionate national identity. Read on and see why travellers visit Russia and why they fall in love with the country.

Top 13 Trans Siberian Stops Travellers Should Take time to explore

It is safe to say that a journey along the famous Trans-Siberian Railway would be a dream come true and a tick on the travel bucket list for many travellers. Known as the world’s longest railway journey which takes you across 10 different time zones. We thought you should know which are the best Trans Siberian Stops to spend a little time and explore.

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When planning your trip, it is essential to inform the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) situation. Below is the latest information regarding the current situation.

• Border closing

Russia closed its borders for foreign visitors from 18.03.2020 till further notice. Here are the few exceptions: foreigners studying in Russia; diplomatic workers and members of their families; relatives of a deceased person, provided that they have documents confirming their relations; transit passengers; foreigners seeking medical treatment; international ship, cargo, train, sea crew members performing their work duties; specialists who carry out adjustment and maintenance of imported equipment; holders of special visas, issued to visit the funeral of a person, permanently residing in Russia; Russian citizens and permanent residents.

• Border opening

Russia's borders are open for the citizens of certain countries with which Russia has resumed regular air travel.

The international flight connection reopened between Russia and several counties from the particular list approved by the government. Today the list of such countries includes 50 countries:

• Turkey 
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Citizens of the foreign states, according to the list, can visit Russia if they enter the Russian Federation from the country of their citizenship through air checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation.

• Special requirements

On the departure to Russia, travelers must show a negative result for a COVID test conducted within 72 hours before arrival English or Russian). Russian citizens arriving without a test result must submit to this test within 72 hours of arrival. Foreign citizens will not be accepted onboard without this test.

There is no quarantine upon arrival.

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Russia is open for international travelers regardless their citizenship/country of residence. Tourist visas are being issued in the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the UK, EU, Japan, and worldwide. Electronic visas (up to 16 days of stay, single entry) are available for the following nationals: Austria, Andorra, Bahrain, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Croatia, Cyprus, China, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Myanmar, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Philippines, Romania, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Vatican, Vietnam.

You can bring foreign currency and exchange money freely in Russia. You can open a bank account and g et a debit card in one hour time, once you will have arrived, we assist.

Medical insurance is available for international travelers through Russian insurance companies.

International flights to Moscow and St Petersburg are available via Tbilisi (Georgia), Yerevan (Armenia), Baku (Azerbaijan), Istanbul (Turkey), Belgrade (Serbia), Dubai & Abu-Dhabi (UEA), Doha (Qatar), Algiers (Algeria),Tehran (Iran), Muscat (Oman), Cairo (Egypt), Astana & Almaty (Kazakhstan), Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Qingdao & Xian (China), Delhi (India), Colombo (Sri-Lanka), Male (Maldives). Information changes frequently, please inquire.

Trans-Siberian travels can fly in/out Vladivostok via Beijing (China), Harbin (China), Bangkok (Thailand), Tashkent (Uzbekistan).

Trans-Siberians taking off in Irkutsk/Lake Baikal, fly to Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), Dushanbe (Tadjikistan), Namangan (Uzbekistan), Osh (Uzbekistan), Beijing Daxing (China), Bangkok (Thailand), Ulaaanbaatar (Mongolia).

Explore the best travel destinations in Russia with our wide range of sightseeing tours to Moscow, St Petersburg, Golden Ring, Kazan; Northern Lights viewing tours; wildlife & nature tours to Lake Baikal tours, Altai, Kamchatka tours, Trans-Siberian train tours, and more. Find the best guided trips and expert planned Russian holidays 2023-2024.

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Transferring at FRA

Transferring at frankfurt airport.

To make your transfer as smooth as possible, we've compiled all important information for you.

Service Points

The friendly, multilingual service staff will be happy to help you at Frankfurt Airport.

Talk virtually with our information staff from different locations in the terminals.

If you do not yet have a boarding pass for your connecting flight, you can obtain one at your airline's transfer counters. If there is no transfer desk on site, you will receive your boarding pass for the connecting flight at the information desk of the departure gate as well as in the public area at the check-in desk of your airline.

In most cases, your checked baggage will be automatically checked through to your destination airport. If this is not the case, pick up your baggage at baggage claim and check it in again with your airline. This also applies if you have booked your flight connections individually.

Passenger tunnel A/B

If you are changing between piers A and B in Terminal 1, you can use the passenger tunnel. On the moving walkways, you can enjoy the gigantic work of art by Martin Liebscher.

Terminal change via shuttle buses

• The yellow shuttle buses are a convenient way to transfer between terminals.
• The stops are located in front of Terminals 1 and 2 and at the P36 bus parking lot for long-distance buses.
• They leave every 10-15 minutes (depending on the time of day) and operate daily around the clock (24/7).
• The shuttle is free of charge. 

Terminal change via SkyLine

If you have to change between areas A, B, C or Z (Terminal 1) and areas D or E (Terminal 2), the signs will take you to the free SkyLine.

It leaves every 2-3 minutes and operates from 5:00 a.m. until 11:00 p.m.

Passengers can board and alight from the public area as well as from the transit area.

The stops are located in:

• Terminal 1, A/Z (transit area)
• Terminal 1, B/C (access via departure hall B on level 2)
• Terminal 1, C (transit area)
• Terminal 2, D/E (access via Shopping Plaza on level 3)

Fast lanes are available at most major security checks. If it is getting tight with the connecting flight and your flight is shown in the monitor at the checkpoint, you can take a shortcut to the gate via the fast lanes.

Security Check Procedures

In most cases, you must clear security checks on your way through the airport. Please allow enough time for them. Also please observe the restrictions on carrying  liquids and gels  into the aircraft cabin.  Please note that you may not carry liquids bought in duty free shops at airports outside the EU when flying from Frankfurt Airport. This also applies to any duty-free items that you have bought on board a non-EU airline.

Whether or not you must clear a passport check depends on whether the airport you have arrived from and your destination are within or outside the Schengen Area.

• You are arriving from and are heading for an airport within the Schengen Area:   Usually there is no ID check.
• You are arriving from a Schengen country and are traveling to a non-Schengen country:   You will probably have to clear a passport check. Depending on your nationality, you may require a transit visa. If in doubt, please contact an embassy or consulate of your country.
• You are arriving from outside the Schengen Area and your destination is in a non-Schengen country:   Usually no passport check is mandatory, provided that you do not leave the transit zone. Depending on your nationality, you may require a transit visa. If in doubt, please contact an embassy or consulate of your country.
• You are arriving from an airport in a non-Schengen country and are traveling to a destination within the Schengen Area:   You will probably have to clear a border check. Depending on your nationality, you may require a transit visa. If in doubt, please contact an embassy or consulate of your country.

EasyPASS and EasyPASS-RTP

EasyPASS and EasyPASS-RTP allow you to enter and exit the country faster and easier. The automated border control system allows travelers to pass through passport control within seconds.

Facilities & Services

We offer numerous free services, such as Gaming World, Movie World or even Leisure Zones, to ensure a relaxed and entertaining stay at Frankfurt Airport. Furthermore, you will find numerous lounges, a transit hotel or the napcabs in the terminals.

Numerous stores are located in both terminals, providing a unique variety of products from all over the world.

Eat & drink

In both terminals there are numerous restaurants and snack bars that leave nothing to be desired.

NapCabs in Terminal 1

Sleep, relax or work. You can do all this away from the hustle and bustle - in the middle of Terminal 1, in transit area Pier A Schengen or in transit area B. We wish you a  restful stay. 

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• train tickets

Frankfurt am Main to Moscow by train

Travel from Frankfurt am Main (Germany) to Moscow (Russia) by train (2022km): schedule and information to the train connection. Compare fares and buy your ticket.

To travel by train from Frankfurt am Main to Moscow, use one of the direct night train connections on the route from Berlin to Moscow. Tickets for this section can be bought from 160 EUR. You can find the exact timetable and ticket prices via the booking links. You can also find the train connections and fares to Berlin (from 19 EUR) and from Moscow. Optionally, you can also travel via Ukraine, if you want to avoid Belarus.

There are three different travel routes. Have a look on them and decide which one fits best for you.

1 Frankfurt am Main (Germany) - Berlin (Germany) - Moscow (Russia)

2 frankfurt am main (germany) - warsaw (poland) - kyiv (ukraine) - moscow (russia), 3 frankfurt am main (germany) - bratislava (slovakia) - kyiv (ukraine) - moscow (russia).

The following links could be interesting for you.

train connections : popular connections travelled by other users

The route consist of more than one step. You have to buy several train tickets.

1a Travelling from Frankfurt am Main (Germany) to Berlin (Germany)

Travel from Frankfurt am Main to Berlin by train. The train ticket price starts at 17,90 EUR. The journey time is 3:50 hours. There are direct train connections at least every hour. The first train departs at 05:00. The last train departure is at 20:15. You will travel by ICE (Intercity Express) high-speed-train.

Where to buy a ticket from Frankfurt am Main to Berlin?

Official saver fares! Official online shop of German railways (Deutsche Bahn). Train tickets for Germany and to bordering countries. Buy your saver fare tickets easily and securely here.

train types: Train types you are likely to travel with. Intercity (IC) / IntercityExpress (ICE)

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Berlin - Frankfurt am Main

1b Travelling from Berlin (Germany) to Moscow (Russia)

Two direct night trains connect Berlin with Moscow. The journey time is 24 hours. You can buy train tickets from 160 EUR. The price depends on your travel date and the category you choose. You can find the exact timetable and ticket prices via the given booking links. Three times a week you can travel on these direct train connections. One night train comes from Paris (EN453 Transeuropean Express) with a stop in Berlin. From Berlin there is a direct train EN 441/14M Strizh. You can find travel reports with many photos about both night trains in our blog. If you want to avoid the trip through Belarus, travel from Berlin to Warsaw and from there by night train to Kiev. In Kiev you take the direct train to Moscow.

Where to buy a ticket from Berlin to Moscow?

Excellent customer service! RussianTrain - the most comfortable provider of Russian train tickets. Tickets are usually sent by email. With support in english language. And many payment options.

You will receive your suitable ticket for this route here. Most even convenient as e-ticket by e-mail. Very good and extensive support included, as well as many payment options.

The online shop of Russian railways RZD. National and international train routes.

night train: Night trains that might be suitable for this trip. EN 23J/452 Moscow - Paris / EN 453/24J Paris - Moscow / EN 13M/440 Moscow - Berlin / EN 441/14M Berlin - Moscow

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Moscow - Berlin

Spending almost 24 hours with one of the RZD railway birds

From the “high” north to germany’s south in under 7 hours, from one metropolis to another in four hours, quiet, unhurried and pleasant, from russia with snow, an overnight journey in the russian grand express, a train journey from munich to füssen and castle neuschwanstein, travel in style with russian railways, 2a travelling from frankfurt am main (germany) to warsaw (poland).

To travel from Germany to Poland by train, buy a saver price ticket ("Sparpreis Europa") of Deutsche Bahn from 39 EUR. This offer is available for selected destinations in Poland. If you can not book a ticket in one step from your departure train station in Germany to your destination railway station in Poland, first book the saver fare ticket from Deutsche Bahn. And as second ticket book one from Polish railways to your final travel destination. Buy your ticket via the given booking links. There you find the exact train schedules and ticket prices.

Where to buy a ticket from Frankfurt am Main to Warsaw?

Cheap train tickets! Buy your train ticket online on Omio. The easy to use booking system with very good prices and e-tickets.

Polrail Service offers train tickets for Poland and to bordering countries.

Online shop for train tickets of the Polish State Railways PKP.

train types: Train types you are likely to travel with. InterCity (IC) / EuroCity (EC) / Twoje Linie Kolejowe (TLK) / Express InterCity (EIC) / Berlin Warszawa Express (BWE)

night train: Night trains that might be suitable for this trip. EN 446 Warsaw - Cologne / EN 447 Cologne - Warsaw

train company: DB Deutsche Bahn / PKP IC Polskie Koleje Państwowe Intercity

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Warsaw - Frankfurt am Main / Berlin - Warsaw / Berlin - Krakow / Berlin - Gdańsk / Cologne - Warsaw / Munich - Warsaw / Munich - Krakow / Frankfurt am Main - Krakow

search for train schedules here: Online timetable information, on which you can find relevant, up-to-date connections. rail.cc Deutsche Bahn

2b Travelling from Warsaw (Poland) to Kyiv (Ukraine)

Travel from Warsaw to Kiev by direct train. There is one overnight train called "Kiev Express" with a journey time of 15 hours. Buy train tickets from 45 EUR. Departure in Warsaw is at 18:20h in the evening. The arrival time in Kiev is 11:00h. This overnight train offers 1, 2 and 3 berth compartments. The day train has a journey time of 12 hours and departs in Warsaw at 06:40. The arrival time in Kiev is 14:40h. Train tickets are available from 45 EUR. Find train schedules and buy your ticket via the given booking links.

Where to buy a ticket from Warsaw to Kyiv?

Our recommendation! Buy your train ticket or bus ticket at 12go. Compare ticket prices from different companies on this travel connection.

Infobus.eu offers a simple booking system for TRAIN tickets in Ukraine and Russia and to bordering countries. Also bus tickets for a lot of international connections all over Europe. Note: for some destinations use the local spelling: MOSKVA for MOSCOW, PEKIN for BEIJING, PARIZH for PARIS.

Train ticket online shop of Ukrainian railways.

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Kyiv - Warsaw

2c Travelling from Kyiv (Ukraine) to Moscow (Russia)

Travel from Kiev to Moscow by direct train. There are 3 to 4 train connections daily with an average travel time of 13 hours. Train tickets are available from 60 EUR. The overnight trains offer 2 and 4 berth compartments. Find train schedules and buy your ticket via the given booking links.

Where to buy a ticket from Kyiv to Moscow?

Buy international train tickets online at Infotrain. Note: for some destinations use the local spelling: MOSKVA for MOSCOW, SANKT-PETERBURG for SAINT PETERSBURG, PEKIN for BEIJING, PARIZH for PARIS.

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Moscow - Kyiv

Travel in less than four hours between the two Russian metropolises

With the rzd night trains, across the carpathians to ukraine, including a video documentation, 3a travelling from frankfurt am main (germany) to bratislava (slovakia).

Train tickets from Germany to Slovakia are available from Deutsche Bahn (German railways). These saver fare tickets "Sparpreis Europa" are available from 29 EUR. If you travel to cities in Slovakia where no saver fare ticket is available to buy from Deutsche Bahn, buy a train ticket until the last possible railway station. From there buy a ticket of Slovak railways to your final travel destination. Find exact train schedules and train ticket fares via the given booking links. Between Czech Republic and Slovakia you will also find private express trains "Regiojet" and "Leo Express". They have very good offers which can be interesting for travelling between Germany and Slovakia if you buy two train tickets having a stopover along the way in Czech Republic.

Where to buy a ticket from Frankfurt am Main to Bratislava?

Online shop for train tickets of Slovakian Railways ZSSK.

train types: Train types you are likely to travel with. IntercityExpress (ICE) / Railjet (RJ) / SC Pendolino (SC) / Rýchlik (R) / EuroCity (EC) / EuroCity (EC) / LEO Express (LEO) / EuroCity (EC)

night train: Night trains that might be suitable for this trip. EN 40457 Berlin - Budapest / R 615/443 Cheb - Košice / EN 445 Prague - Košice / Rx 767/443 Cheb - Humenné

train company: DB Deutsche Bahn / ŽSSK Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko / RJ RegioJet / LEO LEO Express

train connections: popular connections travelled by other users Bratislava - Frankfurt am Main / Berlin - Bratislava / Munich - Bratislava / Hamburg - Bratislava / Cologne - Bratislava / Munich - Košice / Berlin - Košice / Hamburg - Banská Bystrica

search for train schedules here: Online timetable information, on which you can find relevant, up-to-date connections. rail.cc Deutsche Bahn / Interrail Planer App

3b Travelling from Bratislava (Slovakia) to Kyiv (Ukraine)

Travel from Slovakia to Ukraine by direct train. There are two daily trains crossing the border at Cierna nad Tisou to Chop. One of these trains is the overnight train from Bratislava and Prague to Lviv and Kiev. You can buy ticket on the websites of Slovakian and Ukrainian railways. One train ticket from Slovakia to Chop. And a second train ticket from Chop to your travel destination in Ukraine. Find the exact train schedules and buy your tickets via the given booking links.

3c Travelling from Kyiv (Ukraine) to Moscow (Russia)

A video documentation of the overnight train, need a cheap place to sleep we recommend booking.com, find a cheap flight compare prices on kiwi.com.

Do you have questions about the connection between Frankfurt am Main and Moscow? Does something not work as it should? Just ask in our forum and get competent answers from our rail travel experts.

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Russian chapel tours.

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Visit Russian Chapel

Find the Russian Chapel shining in a scenic setting in Darmstadt. The building is an architectural wonder and an important historic site. Not only are the frescos and paintings a sight to remember, but the chapel is still regularly in use and can be visited to experience worship.

Originally known as the St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, the Russian Chapel was built by architect Leon Benois. As Mary Magdalene was the patron saint of the mother of Russian Emperor Nicholas II, the church includes stone imported by train from Russia. Try to picture Nicholas II worshipping here. The ruler used this as his private chapel and made regular visits.

Admire the mosaic icons that adorn the exterior of the chapel. The side street entrance is located beneath the image of St. Olga, the patron saint of Emperor Nicholas’ oldest daughter. The copper roof has turned green over time, but the golden domes and trimmings continue to sparkle.

Head inside to see the walls covered in painted lilies. Notice the way the vine images wrap around the chapel, symbolizing the Garden of Eden. A few artifacts also remain from the early days of the church, including a burial shroud and a few banners that were specifically made for the Russian Chapel. Take the time to look at the two portraits as well, one of Emperor Nicholas II and one of his wife, Empress Alexandra.

The Russian Chapel is open to all, and the regular church services are attended by people of many different backgrounds. The chapel is intimate and compact, making it the perfect stop on a walking tour around the local area. You don’t need to worry about paying, as it is free to enter.

Bring a picnic to enjoy an afternoon in the adjacent park or a few hours spent sitting next to the pond nearby. In sunny weather, sit out on the lawns and take in the atmosphere. If the rain starts to fall, you’ll be sheltered by the trees just a few steps away and get to see the magnificent domes in a whole new light.

Plan a trip to see Russian Chapel

Hotel Bliss Frankfurt

Reviewed on Apr 4, 2024

The Blasky Frankfurt

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INNSiDE by Meliá Frankfurt Ostend

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Popular places to visit

Darmstadt artists colony.

See the fascinating buildings and quirky sculptures that make up this unique hub of German art, which blends living space and creativity.

Hessisches Landesmuseum

Walk out the doors of this art and history museum with a new appreciation about the folklore, crafts and zoology of the region.

Darmstadt State Theatre

Marvel at the skill of Darmstadt’s best musicians, dancers and singers while they perform on one of three stages in this landmark building.

Museum Künstlerkolonie

You can spend an afternoon exploring the galleries in Museum Künstlerkolonie during your travels in Darmstadt. Experience the area's festivals or attend a sporting event.

Mathildenhoehe

You can spend time browsing the exhibits at Mathildenhoehe during your travels in Darmstadt. Experience the area's festivals or attend a sporting event.

Grosse Woog

Explore the great outdoors at Grosse Woog, a lovely green space in Darmstadt. Experience the area's festivals or attend a sporting event.

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Home > Germany > 15 Things To Do Alone in Frankfurt: Solo Travel in Frankfurt

15 Things To Do Alone in Frankfurt: Solo Travel in Frankfurt

By Dymphe / November 2, 2022

You can find amazing things to do alone in Frankfurt . These can make solo travel in Frankfurt a lot of fun!

Frankfurt is an amazing city to visit in Germany . One of the most interesting places to visit in this city is the Frankfurt Cathedral.

For those who are traveling alone, there are some great things to do in the city.

For example, an amazing activity is doing a river cruise on the River Main. Or you can do a guided bike tour of Frankfurt. This is a perfect way to get to know the city.

If you love being creative, joining a sketching and art meetup is wonderful. And if you want to relax, you can go to Palmengarten!

There are also great things to do alone in Frankfurt if you want to make friends. For example, you can have lunch with a group.

The activities for solo travel in Frankfurt are amazing!

Table of Contents

1. Join a Frankfurt Sketching & Art Meetup

If you like being creative, this is one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt for you. You can go to an event of the " Frankfurt Sketching & Art Meetup ".

Through this group, you can connect with other people and sketch together. Also, you can talk about art together during the events of this group.

There are several types of sketching events that this group organizes.

For example, there are events during which you can sketch outdoor places with others.

Also, there are sketching events during which you have coffee with other people at the same time.

And there are other types of sketching events that are fun to join as well! If you want to sketch during solo travel in Frankfurt, this group is great for you.

2. Do a River Cruise on the River Main: Nice Thing To Do Alone in Frankfurt With Great Views

Doing a sightseeing cruise on the River Main is another one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt.

During this cruise, you can take in incredible views of the skyline of the city from the river.

Also, you'll get to see interesting sights of the city from the water and get information at the same time.

For example, you can see the European Central Bank during this tour.

There are two options to choose from. You can either do a 50-minute or a 100-minute sightseeing cruise. Both options are great if you want to explore the city during solo travel in Frankfurt.

3. Relax By Yourself at the Palmengarten

If you want to relax by yourself during solo travel in Frankfurt, you can go to the Palmengarten. This is a botanical garden that you can find in the city.

You can see more than 12,000 species of plants in this place. And there are many exotic species of plants, that you can find indoors.

It can be very relaxing to go for a walk here. And if you like nature, this is definitely one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt

4. Do a Guided Bike Tour of Frankfurt

Doing a guided bike tour of Frankfurt is also one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt.

During this tour, which takes about 3 hours, you'll get to see a lot of different places in the city. You'll do this by bike and by following a local guide.

For example, you'll visit some of the most famous sights in Frankfurt, such as the Goethe House.

Also, through this tour, you can see some lesser-known places that are great. For example, the guide takes you to trendy bars.

The tour is perfect if you want to get to know the city during solo travel in Frankfurt.

5. Attend Art Exhibitions at the Museum fur Moderne Kunst: Great Thing To Do Alone in Frankfurt If You Like Art

Here's one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt if you like modern art.

You can go to the Museum für Moderne Kunst and attend an art exhibition by yourself.

At this place, there often are temporary modern art exhibitions. These are at the museum for a few months, after which you can see new art here.

Each exhibition focuses on works by another artist. And these works also vary a lot, which is very interesting.

Attending these exhibitions alone during solo travel in Frankfurt is a great experience. That's because there will be no distractions, so you can completely focus on the works.

6. Explore the City Through a Guided Walking Tour of Frankfurt

Another great solo activity in Frankfurt is to do a guided walking tour of Frankfurt .

During this tour, an expert guide shows you the city on foot.

You'll visit some of the most famous places, such as the Frankfurt Cathedral. Also, you'll visit the Alte Oper, the Roemerberg, and many other places in the city.

At each spot, the guide will give you information. And you'll get some interesting facts about the city during the tour as well.

In total, this tour takes about 3 hours.

7. Do a Guided Tour of the Alte Oper

The Alte Oper is one of the sights in the city that you should not miss out on during solo travel in Frankfurt.

This is a historic concert hall that dates back to the year 1880. And it is a great place to attend performances.

What's great is that you can do a guided tour of the Alte Oper. These tours take about 90 minutes and are very interesting.

During these guided tours, you can learn about the architecture and history of the Alte Oper.

Moreover, you'll see a lot of places that the general public usually doesn't get to see.

Keep in mind that most of the tours are in German, but there are English tours as well.

8. Join a Hop-On Hop-Off Bus Tour of Frankfurt

Another great way to get to know the city by yourself is through a Frankfurt hop-on hop-off bus tour .

During this tour, you'll ride a double-decker bus that follows a route through the city. This route covers many of the most famous sights where you can stop and leave the bus.

When you finished exploring the sight, you can hop back on the bus and continue the tour.

Then when you see a new place you want to explore, you can repeat this.

Also, during the ride, you can listen to live commentary. This makes the tour one of the most interesting things to do alone in Frankfurt for sure.

9. Have Lunch With a Group: Amazing Thing To Do Alone in Frankfurt To Make Friends

The " Frankfurt Lunch Lovers " Meetup group is a wonderful group to join.

This group organizes lunch events that take place in the city.

Through these events, you can get to know all kinds of lunch restaurants in Frankfurt.

Moreover, as you have lunch with others during these events, you can also socialize. And you might make some new friends at the same time, which is nice!

10. See Art By Yourself at the Staedel Museum

The Städel Museum is a wonderful museum that you can go to during solo travel in Frankfurt.

This is an art museum where you can find a large collection of a variety of objects. For example, you can see paintings, sculptures, photographs, and much more here.

Moreover, it is one of the oldest museums in the city.

What's great as well is that there often are temporary art exhibitions at the museum. So if you want to go here more often, there is something new to see every time!

11. Explore Frankfurt’s Nightlife Through a Meetup Group

If you want to explore the city's nightlife, this is one of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt for you. You can go to an event of the " Exploring the bars of Frankfurt " Meetup group.

This is a group that organizes weekly events during which you can explore one bar in the city. You do this with a group of other people, which is great.

Through this, you can get to know new places in the city. And at the same time, you can meet new people and make new friends, which is great!

12. Socialize Through a Meetup Group: Amazing Thing To Do Alone in Frankfurt To Meet Others

If you want to make new friends during solo travel in Frankfurt, you can join the " Frankfurt Social Club ".

This Meetup group organizes fun and social events in the city and places that are near.

Through these events, you can socialize with others while having a drink. Moreover, what's great is that people from all around the world and Germany are members of this group.

13. Play Board Games With a Group of Other People

Do you like playing board games? Then, this is a great activity for you. You can join the " Frankfurt Board Games " Meetup group.

This group organizes weekly board game meetups.

During these events, you can connect with others to play board games together.

This is a lot of fun, and you might also make new friends through these groups.

14. Do a Self-Guided Tour of Frankfurt: Great Thing To Do Alone in Frankfurt To See the Sights

One of the best things to do alone in Frankfurt is to do a self-guided tour of the city.

For this, you download a tour to your phone and then go for a walk in the city by yourself. While doing that, you can get information from the tour, which is very interesting.

You can find these types of tours on several websites on the internet.

For example, you could do a tour of the historic city center of Frankfurt. Also, you could do a self-guided tour through which you can explore the city's museums.

15. Join a Guided Day Trip to Heidelberg

You can also do a guided day trip from Frankfurt to Heidelberg . This is a tour that takes about 6 hours.

Heidelberg is another city in the country that has a beautiful historic city center. You can see amazing architecture here.

The day trip starts with a bus drive from Frankfurt to Heidelberg.

Then, the first stop is Heidelberg Castle.

Also, you can enjoy an amazing view during the day trip.

And you'll go for a walk in the historic center where you see a lot of sights. For example, you'll see Heidelberg University during this day trip.

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I'm planning a trip by air and have to transit at a german airport. do i need a visa.

The vast majority of foreign travellers benefit from the “transit privilege” - if during a stopover at a German airport, you do not leave the International Airport Area and if the destination is not in a Schengen country, you do not need a transit visa.

However, if for some reason you need to enter the Schengen area during your stopover (for example to change terminals or if the destination is in a Schengen country), you may require a visa; please plan for this. You should apply for a visa well before you travel!

Only five airports in Germany have an International Transit Area enabling you to transit without formally entering the Schengen area:

• Frankfurt/Main
• Hamburg (4.30 a.m. - 11.30 p.m. only)
• Düsseldorf (6.00 a.m. - 9.00 p.m. only) and if the airline has arranged the transit beforehand with the authorities responsible for cross-border security (the Federal Police)
• Berlin-Brandenburg

Nationals of the following countries do not have the transit privilege and therefore require an airport transit visa (category A) for transit at a German airport:

• Afghanistan
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• South Sudan

* certain exceptions apply to these countries

Exceptions from the requirement to hold an airport transit visa:

• Holders of valid visas and national residence permits from EU and Schengen countries
• Holders of certain national residence permits from the following countries: Andorra, Japan, Canada, San Marino, United States of America
• Holders of valid visas from the EEA countries (the EU , Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) and visas issued by Japan, Canada and the United States of America
• Visa regulations
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A Day Trip in the (Small) Taunus Mountains in the Surroundings of Frankfurt

Embark on a winter adventure in the Taunus Mountains near Frankfurt. Discover scenic paths, lush woodlands, and breathtaking panoramas. Embrace the tranquility of nature, all within easy reach of the bustling city.

If you're anything like me, you know that there's nothing quite like the magic of snow season! So, as my exams ended mid-January and I had a few weeks before heading back to Portugal, I decided to take a winter trip to Frankfurt to meet up with Thomas. Now, Frankfurt isn't exactly known for its snow, but Thomas and I had a plan up our sleeves! We decided to head to the Bavarian city of Füssen, nestled at the foot of the stunning Alps. Our goal? To check a visit to the famous Neuschwanstein castle off our bucket list while enjoying some snowy fun (check out our post  here ).

However, fate had even more plans for us! Just before our trip, Thomas heard rumors of snow on the nearby Taunus mountain range. The magic word, "snow," was all it took to convince me to join in on this other winter adventure. What makes the Taunus mountains extra special? They're incredibly easy to reach from Frankfurt! In this post, we'll give you all the info you need to reach this winter wonderland, as well as a list of all the amazing things to see and do once you get there. Trust us, you won't want to miss this!

QUICK LINKS

1. general information, 2.  how to get there, 3.  things to do, 4. hiccups along the way, 5. our final thoughts, general information.

Nestled just 80 kilometers north of the city, the stunning Taunus mountain range in the Hessen region boasts dense forests and breathtaking views. While these mountains may not be as high as their Bavarian counterparts, they still pack a punch! The highest peak, Großer Feldberg , stands at 879.5 meters (2,887 feet), offering panoramic views of the surrounding valleys.

The Taunus Mountains are a popular year-round destination for locals looking to escape the noise of the city and recharge their batteries. With two nature parks to explore, including the second largest nature reserve in the Hessen region, there's no shortage of things to see and do. So whether you're seeking adventure or just a peaceful retreat, the Taunus Mountains have got you covered!

Plan your visit with the help of the  Taunus brochure , which outlines all the activities and attractions available in the region. For further insights, visit the  Taunus Information Center  in Oberursel, where an interactive exhibition offers information on the area's history, geology, and wildlife.

HOW TO GET THERE?

T he Taunus mountains are located just a stone's throw away from Frankfurt and are easily accessible by both public transport and car.  

• Public transport : To reach Grosser Feldberg via public transport, take the U3 subway line from Frankfurt city center heading towards Oberursel Hohemark and ride it to the last stop. Upon arrival, catch bus line 57, which will take you directly to the top of Grosser Feldberg. The entire journey typically takes around 1 hour and 15 minutes. A full-day subway ticket costs only 5.30 EUR and provides unlimited travel, making it a cost-effective option. For groups, a group ticket accommodating up to 5 people can be purchased for just 11.30 EUR.
• By car : For those traveling by car, Grosser Feldberg is easily accessible via well-maintained roads. From Frankfurt city center, the drive typically takes around 40 minutes, depending on traffic conditions. Simply input "Grosser Feldberg" into your GPS or map application, and follow the directions to the designated parking areas near the summit. Keep in mind that parking may be limited during peak times, so arriving early is recommended to secure a spot.

Before embarking on your journey, it's advisable to check the  Taunus Information Center  for helpful tips and recommendations. Additionally, if you're planning to engage in winter activities such as skiing or snowboarding, be sure to check the weather forecast  and current conditions.  Webcams  are available to provide real-time updates on weather and snow conditions, ensuring a safe and enjoyable visit to Grosser Feldberg.

THINGS TO DO

Discover the natural beauty and scenic landscapes of Grosser Feldberg through its extensive network of hiking trails. The Taunus Nature Park offers over 210 hiking routes covering approximately 1,200 kilometers, catering to hikers of all skill levels and preferences. Whether you're seeking leisurely strolls through lush forests or challenging treks to panoramic viewpoints, the hiking trails in Grosser Feldberg promise adventure and exploration amidst the picturesque surroundings. Embark on a journey through diverse terrain, including wooded valleys, rolling hills, and rocky outcrops, as you immerse yourself in the tranquility of nature. Follow well-marked trails that wind their way through the Taunus mountains, offering glimpses of local flora and fauna along the way. Capture the sights and sounds of the forest as you traverse winding paths, breathing in the crisp mountain air and relishing the solitude of the wilderness.

Cycling in the Taunus mountains is a popular activity, attracting enthusiasts of all skill levels. With numerous marked bicycle paths winding through the diverse landscapes of the region, cyclists can explore the beauty of the Taunus at their own pace. From gentle routes along river valleys to more challenging trails through hilly terrain, there's something for everyone to enjoy. Whether you're seeking a leisurely ride amidst nature or a more adventurous cycling adventure, the Taunus mountains provide the perfect backdrop for an unforgettable cycling experience. So hop on your bike and discover the scenic beauty of the Taunus mountains on two wheels.

Winter Adventures

Experience the captivating charm of Grosser Feldberg in winter with an array of outdoor adventures. As snow blankets the Taunus mountains, the landscape transforms into a magical wonderland, inviting you to explore its snowy trails and tranquil forests. Strap on snowshoes for an exhilarating trek through pristine landscapes, or embark on winter hikes to discover hidden gems amidst the snowy scenery. Feel the thrill of tobogganing down snowy slopes or glide gracefully on cross-country skis through picturesque terrain. Capture the beauty of the winter landscape with your camera, and keep your eyes peeled for wildlife sightings and the mesmerizing night sky, adding an extra layer of magic to your experience.

Hot Air Balloon Ride

Experience the breathtaking beauty of the Taunus mountains from a unique perspective with a thrilling hot air balloon ride. As you ascend into the sky, you'll be treated to panoramic views of Grosser Feldberg and its picturesque surroundings, including rolling hills, lush forests, and quaint villages nestled below. Capture the mesmerizing landscapes with your camera and create unforgettable memories of your aerial adventure. Remember to plan ahead and check the weather forecast to ensure optimal conditions for your hot air balloon experience.

Photography

From scenic viewpoints to charming villages, Grosser Feldberg offers endless opportunities for photography enthusiasts. Capture the beauty of the landscape, the play of light and shadow, and the changing colors of the seasons. Regardless of your experience level, you'll discover abundant inspiration around every corner.

Facilities and amenities

During the warmer months, when the weather is more inviting, visitors to Grosser Feldberg can make the most of their experience by taking advantage of the various facilities available. Set up camp at one of the designated campsites and spend a memorable night under the stars, surrounded by the tranquility of nature. For those looking to enjoy a delicious outdoor meal, barbecue areas provide the perfect setting to grill up some tasty treats amidst the picturesque landscape. Families with children can unwind and have fun at the designated picnic spots and playgrounds, offering ample space for relaxation and recreation in the heart of the Taunus mountains.

EXPERIENCE LOCAL CUISINE

After an adventurous day of exploring the Taunus Mountains, satisfy your hunger with delicious homemade regional food at the rustic and charming  Feldberghaus  restaurant. Located near the bus stop at the summit, it boasts a cozy alpine décor and breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. This restaurant serves German traditional cuisine, and their signature dish, the  Flammkuche , is not to be missed. Imagine indulging in a mouth-watering pizza-like pastry topped with melted raclette cheese while enjoying the stunning views from the mountain top. Feldberghaus is the perfect place to relax, recharge and savor the flavors of the Taunus.

DISCOVER HISTORICAL LANDMARKS

Embark on an immersive journey through time as you explore the rich tapestry of history woven throughout the enchanting Taunus Mountains region. From ancient Roman ruins to medieval castles and poignant relics from World War II, there's an abundance of historical treasures waiting to be discovered by eager adventurers and history enthusiasts alike.

• Roman Remnants : Begin your exploration by delving into the remnants of the Roman Limes Wall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that stands as a testament to the ingenuity and strategic prowess of the ancient Romans. Tracing its path through the rugged landscape, you'll encounter fragments of this formidable defensive barrier, offering tantalizing glimpses into a bygone era of military might and cultural exchange.
• Medieval Marvels : Transport yourself back in time as you wander through the cobbled streets and atmospheric alleys of historic towns like Königstein and Oberursel. Towering above the landscape, the imposing ruins of Burg Königstein beckon, its weathered stones whispering tales of knights, sieges, and medieval intrigue dating back to the 12th century. Meanwhile, in Oberursel, the quaint charm of its medieval center unfolds before you, with architectural treasures such as St. Ursula Church, the venerable town hall, and meticulously preserved timber-framed houses offering a glimpse into the daily lives of centuries past.
• World War II Relics : For those with an interest in more recent history, the Taunus Mountains region harbors poignant reminders of the tumultuous events of World War II. Descend into the depths of the Feldberg bunker, a sprawling underground complex constructed by the Nazis as part of their formidable defensive network. Here, amidst the chill of the subterranean passages, you'll confront the stark realities of wartime preparations and the human cost of conflict. Alternatively, pay homage to the legacy of the Rhein-Main Air Base, a once-bustling hub of military activity that played a crucial role in the Allied efforts during the Cold War era, serving as a strategic outpost and symbol of transatlantic solidarity.

Embark on a captivating journey through the annals of time as you uncover the fascinating history of the Taunus Mountains region. Each historical site offers a unique opportunity to connect with the past, to reflect on the triumphs and tragedies of those who came before, and to gain a deeper appreciation for the enduring spirit of this storied landscape.

HICCUPS ALONG THE WAY

If you're planning a winter trip to the Taunus Mountains and using public transportation, let us share a cautionary tale from our own experience. On the day we visited, snow was falling steadily, covering the roads with a thick blanket of white. Despite the picturesque winter wonderland scenery, we soon discovered that there was a problem with the machinery company responsible for clearing the roads. As a result, the bus company decided to halt bus traffic for safety reasons, without any prior warning.

We found ourselves stranded at the bus stop, unsure of why the bus was not coming. After waiting for almost an hour, we decided to hike back up to the top to see if we could find out what was going on and warm up at the restaurant. Once there, we learned about the issue with the roads and began exploring alternative options for transportation. However, local cab companies informed us that it would take at least 2 hours for them to reach us due to the difficult driving conditions. Just when we thought we were out of luck, the kind owner of the Feldberghaus restaurant offered us a ride back down the mountain on his way home. It was a true act of kindness that we'll never forget!

So, if you're planning a trip to the Taunus Mountains during the winter and it happens to snow on the day of your visit, make sure to keep a close eye on the bus traffic and be prepared for potential delays or cancellations. Alternatively, consider renting a car or booking a private transfer in advance to avoid any unexpected transportation issues.

OUR FINAL THOUGHTS

In conclusion, our journey to the Taunus Mountains provided a refreshing escape from the urban hustle of Frankfurt. While the region may be small in size, its natural beauty and tranquil atmosphere offer a rejuvenating experience for outdoor enthusiasts. Whether you seek serene woodland walks or panoramic vistas, the Taunus Mountains deliver a delightful retreat, perfect for a day trip or weekend getaway.

We would love to hear from you about your experiences, thoughts, and tips for visiting the stunning Taunus Mountains near Frankfurt. Please share your insights and recommendations in the comments section below.

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They were promised jobs in Russia. They ended up fighting in Ukraine.

SRINAGAR, India — Across India , families are hearing similar stories from men who went abroad in search of work: They were lured to Russia with promises of jobs as cooks or housekeepers, only to find themselves forced to fight alongside the Russian military in its war against Ukraine .

Some families, frustrated by what they say is a lack of support from the Indian government, say they feel they have no choice but to travel to Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine to get their loved ones back.

“For months, the families have been awaiting government action to bring the Indian citizens back home, but so far no progress has been made,” Raja Begum, 65, told NBC News last month as she sat in the yard of her two-story home in Poshwan, a village in Indian-administered Kashmir.

Begum’s son Azad Yousuf Kumar, 31, left India for the United Arab Emirates in December. She said he had been promised a housekeeping job in Dubai by a consultant there identified as Faisal Khan, who often advertised such jobs on his YouTube channel, Baba Vlogs. In exchange for the job, Kumar paid a fee of 300,000 rupees, or $3,600, she said.

Once Kumar arrived, however, “he was informed that there were no available jobs in the UAE,” said Begum, who has been exchanging voice messages with him. Kumar told his mother that Khan said he could still get a job in another country, and convinced him to travel to Russia to work in a kitchen.

Instead, Begum said, Kumar was sent to a military training center in Moscow as soon as he landed. There he underwent 15 days of weapons training along with several other men from India and Nepal before being deployed to fight against Ukrainian forces on the front lines, Begum said, having been forced to sign a contract in a language he did not understand.

“My son had received injuries during the training period,” Begum said. “He was not allowed to have a proper rest and instead was sent close to the border where a deadly battle was going on.”

Kumar’s older brother, Sajad Ahmad Kumar, said Kumar told him that at least a dozen men from India had been trapped in a similar manner by people affiliated with the Baba Vlogs account, which had more than 350,000 subscribers as recently as February but has since been deleted. 

Attempts by NBC News to contact Khan and the Baba Vlogs team for comment were unsuccessful.

India’s Central Bureau of Investigation said last month that it was aware of at least 35 Indian nationals who had been trained for combat and sent to fight in Ukraine against their will after being recruited for jobs in Russia through agents or social media. Some of them have been “grievously injured,” the agency said.

The agency said it had arrested 35 people on suspicion of being involved in human trafficking , and that it had seized about 50 million rupees ($600,000) in cash as well as incriminating documents and electronic records in searches around the country. 

The Indian Ministry of External Affairs said officials were doing their best to get the men home as soon as possible.

“We have also told people not to venture in the war zone or get caught into situations which are difficult,” ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said, adding that India was in regular touch with Russian authorities in New Delhi and Moscow and was deeply committed to the “welfare of all Indians.”

India has ties with both Russia and the West and has tried to remain neutral in the Ukraine war, calling for peace talks while refraining from condemning President Vladimir Putin ’s invasion. It has also increased purchases of Russian oil that is steeply discounted amid Western sanctions.

Sajad Ahmad Kumar said his brother and others are now in Russian-occupied Ukraine after crossing the Black Sea under the command of two officers from the Russian army.

“Things have eased a bit for them,” he said. “He used to call from someone’s phone but now he has got his own connection.” 

He said Kumar and several other Indians had approached their embassy in Moscow for help getting home but that officials there “are not taking things seriously.”

The Indian Embassy in Moscow did not respond to requests for comment.

At least two Indian citizens have been killed while fighting alongside the Russian army on the Russia-Ukraine border. They were identified last month as Hemil Ashvinbhai Mangukiya and Mohammad Asfan, from the states of Gujarat and Telangana.

Mangukiya’s father, Ashvinbhai Mangukiya, said his son had been hired as a helper for the Russian army.

“He was supposed to be stationed at Moscow, but he was forced to participate in the ongoing war between the two nations,” he said. 

Mangukiya went to Russia to collect his son’s body after he was killed in the Donetsk region in February. Like others, he has filed cases with the police against Khan and others associated with Baba Vlogs.

“Baba Vlogs is running a nexus,” he said. “The government should take cognizance and arrest all individuals involved in this criminal activity.”

Abdul Rouf, whose son Abdul Nayeem left for Russia in December, said he had spoken to Khan and others at Baba Vlogs when Nayeem, 30, told him they had gotten him a similar job as an army helper in Russia when he approached them in Dubai.

“The job agent assured me that he will not be handed a gun to fight in Ukraine or anywhere else,” said Rouf, a resident of Gulbarga city in the Indian state of Karnataka. His son has since told him that he is in Ukraine, and Rouf is planning to travel to Russia to try to help him.

Mohammad Mustafa, another Karnataka resident whose son is stranded in Russian-occupied Ukraine, said he was tired of waiting for news and was going to Russia himself.

“We can go to any extent to retrieve our children,” he said. 

“Two Indian citizens have already been killed and we don’t want to lose any other person.”

Muheet Ul Islam is a journalist and filmmaker based in Indian-administered Kashmir.

In China, Blinken urges fair treatment of American companies

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A Ukrainian court ordered on Friday for Agriculture Minister Mykola Solsky to be taken into custody over allegations of his involvement in an illegal acquisition of state-owned land worth about $7 million.