what does vertical travel mean

What Is a Vertical Integration in Travel and Tourism?

By Michael Ferguson

In the world of travel and tourism, vertical integration is a term that is often used to describe the way in which different businesses work together to provide a complete travel experience for customers. Simply put, vertical integration refers to the process of combining two or more stages of the travel supply chain under one ownership or management structure.

What is Vertical Integration?

Vertical integration can take many different forms in the travel and tourism industry. At its most basic level, it involves combining different elements of the travel supply chain to create a seamless experience for customers. For example, a tour operator might own its own hotels, airlines, and transportation companies, allowing them to offer end-to-end packages that include everything from flights and accommodations to tours and activities.

There are many benefits to vertical integration in travel and tourism. By consolidating different parts of the supply chain under one roof, businesses can often save money on overhead costs like marketing and administration. Additionally, they can create a more streamlined experience for customers by ensuring that all aspects of their trip are coordinated and integrated seamlessly.

Types of Vertical Integration

There are several different types of vertical integration that are commonly used in the travel industry. These include:

Forward Integration

Forward integration refers to a situation where a business moves downstream in the supply chain towards the end customer. In other words, they take over functions that were previously performed by wholesalers or retailers. One example of forward integration in the travel industry might be a tour operator that opens its own retail stores or online booking platforms.

Backward Integration

Backward integration is when a business moves upstream in the supply chain towards their suppliers. In other words, they take over functions that were previously performed by wholesalers or manufacturers. An example of backward integration in the travel industry might be an airline that acquires its own fuel providers or aircraft maintenance companies.

Full Integration

Full integration is when a business owns or controls every aspect of the supply chain, from production to distribution. In the travel industry, this might involve a company that owns its own airlines, hotels, and transportation companies.

• Pros of Vertical Integration

There are several advantages to vertical integration in the travel and tourism industry:

• Cost savings: By consolidating different parts of the supply chain under one roof, businesses can often save money on overhead costs like marketing and administration.
• Increased control: With vertical integration, businesses have more control over their operations and can ensure that all aspects of their trip are coordinated and integrated seamlessly.
• Better customer experience: By offering end-to-end packages that include everything from flights and accommodations to tours and activities, businesses can create a more streamlined experience for customers.
• Cons of Vertical Integration

However, there are also some potential drawbacks to vertical integration:

• Risk concentration: By owning multiple elements of the supply chain, businesses may be exposed to greater risks if one part of their operation fails or experiences difficulties.
• Inflexibility: Vertical integration can sometimes make it harder for businesses to adapt to changes in the market or consumer preferences.
• Potential antitrust issues: In some cases, vertical integration may raise antitrust concerns if it creates too much market power for one company.

The Bottom Line

Vertical integration is a common strategy in the travel and tourism industry. By combining different elements of the travel supply chain under one ownership or management structure, businesses can create a more seamless experience for customers while also potentially saving on costs.

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Definition of vertical

• perpendicular

vertical , perpendicular , plumb mean being at right angles to a base line.

vertical suggests a line or direction rising straight upward toward a zenith.

perpendicular may stress the straightness of a line making a right angle with any other line, not necessarily a horizontal one.

plumb stresses an exact verticality determined (as with a plumb line) by earth's gravity.

Examples of vertical in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'vertical.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Middle French or Late Latin; Middle French, from Late Latin verticalis , from Latin vertic-, vertex

1559, in the meaning defined at sense 2a

Phrases Containing vertical

vertical angle

• vertical circle
• vertical file
• vertical union

Dictionary Entries Near vertical

Cite this entry.

“Vertical.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vertical. Accessed 29 May. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of vertical.

 (Entry 1 of 2)

Kids Definition of vertical  (Entry 2 of 2)

from early French vertical or Latin verticalis, both meaning "relating to a vertex, at the highest point overhead," from earlier Latin vertic-, vertex "top, highest point, pole (turning point), whirl," from vertere "to turn" — related to converse , reverse , universe , versatile

Medical Definition

Medical definition of vertical, more from merriam-webster on vertical.

Nglish: Translation of vertical for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of vertical for Arabic Speakers

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[ vur -ti-k uh l ]

Antonyms: horizontal

• of, relating to, or situated at the vertex.
• of or relating to the cranial vertex.
• (of a leaf ) having the blade in a perpendicular plane, so that neither of the surfaces can be called upper or lower.
• being in the same direction as the axis; lengthwise.
• of, constituting, or resulting in vertical combination.
• of or relating to a product or service from initial planning to sale.
• of, relating to, or noting a stratified society, nation, etc.
• something vertical, as a line or plane.
• a vertical or upright position.
• a vertical structural member in a truss.

/ ˌvɜːtɪˈkælɪtɪ; ˈvɜːtɪkəl /

a vertical wall

• extending in a perpendicular direction
• at or in the vertex or zenith; directly overhead

vertical amalgamation

vertical integration

• of or relating to the vertex
• anatomy of, relating to, or situated at the top of the head (vertex)
• a vertical plane, position, or line
• a vertical post, pillar, or other structural member

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Derived forms.

• ˈvertically , adverb
• verticality , noun

Other Words From

• verti·cali·ty verti·cal·ness verti·cal·ism noun
• verti·cal·ly adverb
• non·verti·cal adjective
• non·verti·cal·ly adverb
• non·verti·cal·ness noun
• nonver·ti·cali·ty noun
• sub·verti·cal adjective
• sub·verti·cal·ly adverb
• sub·verti·cal·ness noun
• un·verti·cal adjective
• un·verti·cal·ly adverb

Word History and Origins

Origin of vertical 1

Synonym Study

Example sentences.

There’s even another subset of businesses, such as San Francisco startup Elroy Air, that are designing new, massive vertical takeoff and landing drones that can lift far heavier cargos and carry them much further.

The sales team was also responsible for selling the advertiser, in this case Cheerios, on the add-ons they could have in the vertical.

It’s also developing an urban vertical farming project purported to be the region’s first.

To better understand these signals, we studied the correlation of 18 important ranking factors across 200 searches in the sports ticketing vertical.

We’ve established a new knowledge vertical — effectively taking out subject matter expertise and packaging it together for insiders.

Two police assigned to the apartment on a detail were doing a “vertical patrol” up the stairs when the door opened.

They structured themselves not in vertical hierarchies but in networks, each member responding to conditions on the ground.

Abramson is also open, “in theory,” to the idea of interviewing high-profile figures for the new vertical.

There was one very large and easily identifiable piece of debris floating, the vertical stabilizer.

The hybrid aircraft have a vertical takeoff and landing capability.

This takes at first the crude device of a couple of vertical lines attached to the head (see Fig. 4).

It is of the vertical kind, and stands on a shallow square tank, which forms the hot well.

However, in a month, when everything was about five degrees off the vertical, notice began to be taken.

He can not make a record of what he sees as long as the element of horizontal and vertical distance is not clearly in mind.

But the singular fact exists that in the human trunk the valves occur in the horizontal and are absent from the vertical veins.

Related Words

• perpendicular

Definition of 'vertical'

vertical in British English

Vertical in american english, examples of 'vertical' in a sentence vertical, cobuild collocations vertical, trends of vertical.

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Building Services/Vertical Transportation

Vertical Transportation

Vertical transportation is a phrase used to describe the various means of travelling between floors in a building. All buildings with more than one storey of course have at least one set of stairs and the provision of stairs is a very important consideration when designing buildings in order to ensure all the occupants of the building can escape safely in the event of a fire.

In buildings with more than four storeys, a lift (commonly known as an elevator in the US) is desirable as there is a limit to how far people are willing to walk up stairs. In addition to this, stairs are unsuitable for infirm and mobility impaired persons so buildings with only two storeys are sometimes fitted with a lift.

A third option is the escalator which is ideally suited for high volume applications such as shopping malls and airports but not practical for high rise buildings as they take up a lot of space.

Building Services/Vertical Transportation/Lifts

Building Services/Vertical Transportation/Siting Lifts

Building Services/Vertical Transportation/Traction Lifts

Building Services/Vertical Transportation/Hydraulic Lifts

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What Is a Vertical Plane? (Definition, Examples, and Applications)

What is a Vertical Plane?

Have you ever wondered what a vertical plane is? You may have heard the term used in geometry or physics, but what does it actually mean? In this article, we will explore the concept of a vertical plane in detail. We will discuss its definition, properties, and applications. We will also provide some examples of vertical planes in the real world.

By the end of this article, you will have a solid understanding of what a vertical plane is and how it is used. You will also be able to identify vertical planes in your everyday life.

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A vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In other words, a vertical plane is a plane that is at a right angle to the ground.

Vertical planes are often used in architecture, engineering, and mathematics. In architecture, vertical planes are used to create walls, columns, and other vertical structures. In engineering, vertical planes are used to design buildings, bridges, and other structures that must withstand the forces of gravity. In mathematics, vertical planes are used to study geometry and trigonometry.

Definition of a Vertical Plane

A vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. This means that a vertical plane is a plane that makes a right angle with the ground.

Characteristics of a Vertical Plane

There are several characteristics of a vertical plane. These characteristics include:

• A vertical plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
• A vertical plane contains the z-axis.
• A vertical plane is parallel to itself.
• A vertical plane intersects all horizontal planes at a right angle.

Examples of Vertical Planes

There are many examples of vertical planes in the real world. Some examples of vertical planes include:

• The walls of a building
• The columns of a bridge
• The edges of a table
• The sides of a box

Uses of Vertical Planes

Vertical planes are used in a variety of ways in architecture, engineering, and mathematics. In architecture, vertical planes are used to create walls, columns, and other vertical structures. In engineering, vertical planes are used to design buildings, bridges, and other structures that must withstand the forces of gravity. In mathematics, vertical planes are used to study geometry and trigonometry.

In Architecture

Vertical planes are used in architecture to create walls, columns, and other vertical structures. Walls are vertical planes that enclose a space. Columns are vertical planes that support a structure. Other vertical structures, such as beams and arches, are also made up of vertical planes.

Vertical planes are used in architecture to create a sense of height and structure. They can also be used to create a sense of enclosure and privacy.

In Engineering

Vertical planes are used in engineering to design buildings, bridges, and other structures that must withstand the forces of gravity. Vertical planes are used to create the foundation of a structure, and they are also used to support the structure’s weight.

Vertical planes are also used in engineering to create structures that are resistant to wind and earthquakes.

In Mathematics

Vertical planes are used in mathematics to study geometry and trigonometry. In geometry, vertical planes are used to study the properties of triangles, quadrilaterals, and other polygons. In trigonometry, vertical planes are used to study the relationships between angles and sides of triangles.

Vertical planes are also used in mathematics to solve problems involving shadows, reflections, and refraction.

In Other Fields

Vertical planes are also used in other fields, such as art, music, and dance. In art, vertical planes are used to create a sense of depth and perspective. In music, vertical planes are used to create harmony and rhythm. In dance, vertical planes are used to create movement and expression.

Vertical planes are a versatile tool that can be used to create a variety of effects in a variety of fields. They can be used to create a sense of height and structure, to support a structure’s weight, to study the properties of geometric shapes, and to solve problems involving shadows, reflections, and refraction.

Vertical planes are an important part of our world. They are used in architecture, engineering, mathematics, and other fields to create a variety of effects. Vertical planes are a versatile tool that can be used to create a sense of height and structure, to support a structure’s weight, to study the properties of geometric shapes, and to solve problems involving shadows, reflections, and refraction.

What Is a Vertical Plane?

A vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In other words, it is a plane that passes through the z-axis. Vertical planes are used in a variety of applications, including construction, manufacturing, and transportation.

Properties of Vertical Planes

Vertical planes have a number of properties that make them useful in a variety of applications. These properties include:

• Perpendicularity: Vertical planes are perpendicular to the horizontal plane. This means that they intersect at a right angle.
• Invariance: Vertical planes are invariant under rotation. This means that they do not change when rotated around the z-axis.
• Uniqueness: Every point in space lies in exactly one vertical plane.

Applications of Vertical Planes

Vertical planes are used in a variety of applications, including:

• Construction: Vertical planes are used to construct buildings, bridges, and other structures. They are also used to lay out foundations and to determine the slope of roofs.
• Manufacturing: Vertical planes are used in manufacturing to create products such as doors, windows, and furniture. They are also used to align machines and to ensure that products are properly assembled.
• Transportation: Vertical planes are used in transportation to create roads, highways, and runways. They are also used to align vehicles and to ensure that they are traveling in the correct direction.
• Other Fields: Vertical planes are also used in a variety of other fields, including:
• Architecture
• Engineering
• Mathematics

Summary of Key Points

• A vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
• Vertical planes have a number of properties that make them useful in a variety of applications.
• Vertical planes are used in a variety of applications, including construction, manufacturing, transportation, and other fields.

Questions for Further Discussion

• What are some other properties of vertical planes?
• How are vertical planes used in other fields?
• What are some challenges associated with using vertical planes?

Vertical planes are an important concept in geometry and physics. They are used in a variety of applications, including construction, manufacturing, transportation, and other fields. Understanding the properties of vertical planes and their applications can help you to solve problems in a variety of disciplines.

What is a vertical plane?

A vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. In other words, it is a plane that passes through the z-axis.

What are the uses of a vertical plane?

• Construction: Vertical planes are used to create walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Engineering: Vertical planes are used to design and build structures such as buildings, bridges, and dams.
• Navigation: Vertical planes are used to navigate by stars and other celestial objects.
• Aviation: Vertical planes are used to fly airplanes and helicopters.

How do you find the equation of a vertical plane?

The equation of a vertical plane can be found using the following formula:

“` ax + by + cz = d “`

where a, b, and c are the coefficients of the plane’s normal vector, and d is the distance from the origin to the plane.

What is the difference between a vertical plane and a horizontal plane?

A vertical plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, while a horizontal plane is parallel to the horizontal plane. This means that a vertical plane intersects the horizontal plane at a right angle, while a horizontal plane does not intersect the vertical plane at all.

Can a vertical plane intersect a horizontal plane?

Yes, a vertical plane can intersect a horizontal plane at a right angle. This is because a vertical plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

a vertical plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. It is also called a plane of elevation or a profile plane. Vertical planes are used in many different fields, such as engineering, architecture, and construction. They are also used in everyday life, such as when you hang a picture on a wall or when you build a house. By understanding the concept of a vertical plane, you can better understand the world around you.

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Horizontal and vertical integration: Made easy

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Horizontal and vertical integration are important concepts in all businesses, including those operating in the tourism industry.

An important management strategy, horizontal and vertical integration allows companies to be more competitive in the marketplace. But how does this actually work?

In this article I will teach you what horizontal and vertical integration is, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both. I will also explain why such integration has happened/is happening and I will give you some examples of horizontal and vertical integration.

What is horizontal integration?

Advantages of horizontal integration, disadvantages of horizontal integration, horizontal integration in tourism examples, what is vertical integration, advantages of vertical integration, disadvantages of vertical integration, vertical integration in tourism examples, why has horizontal and vertical integration happened, horizontal and vertical integration: to conclude, further reading.

Horizontal integration is a competitive strategy that companies use. It refers to the acquisition of business activities that are at the same level of the chain of distribution in similar or different industries.

To put it simply, horizontal integration is when a related business merges with another business operating in the same level of the production chain. For example, a ski-based tour operator may merge with a tour operator which specialises in summer sun holidays.

These are different organisations, which operate at the same level.

There are many reasons that a company in the tourism industry may choose to integrate horizontally, such as:

• When the industry is growing
• When merges allows better value for money to be achieved
• When competitors lack expertise
• When the company can manage the operations of the bigger organisation efficiently, after the integration

Horizontal integration can be advantageous because it can enable economies of scale to be achieved (i.e. they can get better value for money). The bigger, horizontally integrated company can often achieve a higher production than the companies merged, at a lower cost.

Mergers help to provide organisations with increased power in the marketplace, whilst enabling the organisation with the opportunity to capture new markets. The company becomes larger, has a bigger marketshare and has less competition.

Horizontal integration can also allow organisations to penetrate new markets in different geographical areas. This is particularly relevant in travel and tourism , where operations occur around the globe.

Whilst there are benefits of horizontal integration, however, there are also disadvantages.

Organisations often encounter problems when they grow. Allowances need to be put in place for restructures and recruitment of new staff where appropriate.

There are also legal implication when merging companies. These differ in different countries. It is important that the organisation looks into any legal requirements that will be expected of them.

The decision whether to adopt vertical or horizontal integration has a long-term effect on the business strategy of a company and therefore the decision to do so must not be taken lightly.

Travelopia is a great example of a tourism organisation with lots of horizontal integration.

Travelopia is the world’s largest collection of specialist travel brands. This means that the organisation can offer a variety of products, which are at the same level in chain of distribution. So, whilst Aus Travel and American Holidays may be totally different companies, they are both at the same level (tour operators) under the Travelopia umbrella.

Another good example of horizontal integration in travel and tourism is the Virgin Group.

The Virgin Group have owned many different companies throughout the years and some have been more successful than others.

A good example of horizontal integration within Virgin Atlantic is their airlines based in different parts of the world. Virgin Atlantic is based in the UK, Virgin Australia is based in Australia and Virgin America (which ceased to continue after 2018) was based in the USA. All of these companies are/were at the same level of the distribution chain, but are/were different companies.

You can learn more about the Virgin brand here .

Vertical integration is the opposite of horizontal integration.

Vertical integration is a competitive strategy identified when a company takes over one or more other companies that are at different levels in the chain of distribution.

Many companies choose to opt for integration to allow for total control of all aspects of their business. This may include the manufacturing of their products right through to sales, for example.

There are several benefits of vertical integration in travel and tourism.

By maintaining control of the supply chain, organisations have greater control. They can regulate and manage all aspects.

For example, Tui holidays puts together their holidays via their tour operations and then sells them via their travel agents. They then put tourists on aircraft that are owned by TUI and tourists are greeted in their destination by TUI representatives- this demonstrates a smooth and consistent process throughout, where all aspects are owned and managed by TUI.

Vertical integration allows more scope for the highs and lows of business and enables the organisation to diversify their income. If one part of the business isn’t doing so well, there is the hope that the other areas of the business can compensate for this or to help absorb the loss. Likewise, if one area is doing particularly well, the money made from this can be invested in any areas of the business that require investment.

Vertical integration can also increase barriers for new entrants and help to reduce competition.

There are also some downsides of vertical integration.

Less competition means that prices may rise for consumers and that standards may drop.

The organisation may also have less flexibility as they must maintain a level of production in order to continue operations.

It can also be difficult for an organisation to be good at everything. Sometimes an organisation can do one thing particularly well, but then other areas may not have the same high standards (i.e. they may be great at making delicious sandwiches but not so great at offering customer service at the dining table).

Read also: – International tourism: What, where and why – Components of tourism: Structure of the tourism industry – The history of tourism – The Importance of tourism | Understanding the tourism industry – What is ABTA and how does it work?

TUI is one of the biggest travel companies in the world. Since the collapse of Thomas Cook, TUI has a monopoly of tour operator operations within the United Kingdom and other parts of the world.

You can learn more about the organisation TUI and its different branches here .

Within the umbrella organisation, TUI owns many different companies. Some are at the same level (horizontal integration) and other are at different levels (vertical integration).

As I described earlier, TUI has many companies that are at different levels of the chain of distribution. This includes their tour operations, travel agents, airline and in-destination services.

Disney is another organisation that has a history of both horizontal and vertical integration. You can learn all about this in the video below.

Horizontal and vertical integration has happened throughout all sorts of business around the world, including travel and tourism.

One reason for this is because the suppliers who work with companies or the distributors who work with the end product are unreliable. Therefore some organisations see it as easier to simply do these things themselves.

Money is also an important factor. Working with outside companies can often be more costly than doing it yourself. Suppliers and distributors may have big profit margins and this is money than can be saved of organisations take over these operations themselves.

Some companies simply have enough resource for horizontal and vertical integration to occur so… why not?

And lastly, when a specific industry grows considerably, as the travel industry did for many years prior to COVID-19, then there is more scope for organisations to expand through horizontal and vertical integration.

As you can see, horizontal and vertical integration is a competition strategy often used in business. Whether a company seeks to merge with other companies at the same (horizontal) level or at different (vertical) levels, there are many advantages both to the consumer and to the organisation itself. There are, however, also some disadvantages that need to be managed also.

If you’re studying travel and tourism then I highly recommend the following texts to support your learning:

• An Introduction to Tourism : a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to all facets of tourism including: the history of tourism; factors influencing the tourism industry; tourism in developing countries; sustainable tourism; forecasting future trends.
• The Business of Tourism Management : an introduction to key aspects of tourism, and to the practice of managing a tourism business.
• Tourism Management: An Introduction : gives its reader a strong understanding of the dimensions of tourism, the industries of which it is comprised, the issues that affect its success, and the management of its impact on destination economies, environments and communities.

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Definition of vertical adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

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Describing Projectiles With Numbers: (Horizontal and Vertical Velocity)

• What is a Projectile?
• Motion Characteristics of a Projectile
• Horizontal and Vertical Velocity
• Horizontal and Vertical Displacement
• Initial Velocity Components
• Horizontally Launched Projectile Problems
• Non-Horizontally Launched Projectile Problems
• A projectile is any object upon which the only force is gravity,
• Projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to the influence of gravity,
• There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles and thus no horizontal acceleration,
• The horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant (a never changing in value),
• There is a vertical acceleration caused by gravity; its value is 9.8 m/s/s, down,
• The vertical velocity of a projectile changes by 9.8 m/s each second,
• The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its vertical motion.

Consider again the cannonball launched by a cannon from the top of a very high cliff. Suppose that the cannonball is launched horizontally with no upward angle whatsoever and with an initial speed of 20 m/s. If there were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at 20 m/s in the horizontal direction. Yet in actuality, gravity causes the cannonball to accelerate downwards at a rate of 9.8 m/s/s. This means that the vertical velocity is changing by 9.8 m/s every second. If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the cannonball at 1-second intervals of time) is used to represent how the x- and y-components of the velocity of the cannonball is changing with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could be drawn and their magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are representative of the magnitudes of that quantity. Such a diagram is shown below.

The important concept depicted in the above vector diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant during the course of the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two concepts could be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-component of the velocity vary with time.  

The numerical information in both the diagram and the table above illustrate identical points - a projectile has a vertical acceleration of 9.8 m/s/s, downward and no horizontal acceleration. This is to say that the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s each second and the horizontal velocity never changes. This is indeed consistent with the fact that there is a vertical force acting upon a projectile but no horizontal force . A vertical force causes a vertical acceleration - in this case, an acceleration of 9.8 m/s/s.

But what if the projectile is launched upward at an angle to the horizontal? How would the horizontal and vertical velocity values change with time? How would the numerical values differ from the previously shown diagram for a horizontally launched projectile? The diagram below reveals the answers to these questions. The diagram depicts an object launched upward with a velocity of 75.7 m/s at an angle of 15 degrees above the horizontal. For such an initial velocity, the object would initially be moving 19.6 m/s, upward and 73.1 m/s, rightward. These values are x- and y- components of the initial velocity and will be discussed in more detail in the next part of this lesson .

Again, the important concept depicted in the above diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant during the course of the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two concepts could be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-component of the velocity vary with time.  

The numerical information in both the diagram and the table above further illustrate the two key principles of projectile motion - there is a horizontal velocity that is constant and a vertical velocity that changes by 9.8 m/s each second. As the projectile rises towards its peak, it is slowing down (19.6 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 0 m/s); and as it falls from its peak, it is speeding up (0 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 19.6 m/s to ...). Finally, the symmetrical nature of the projectile's motion can be seen in the diagram above: the vertical speed one second before reaching its peak is the same as the vertical speed one second after falling from its peak. The vertical speed two seconds before reaching its peak is the same as the vertical speed two seconds after falling from its peak. For non-horizontally launched projectiles, the direction of the velocity vector is sometimes considered + on the way up and - on the way down; yet the magnitude of the vertical velocity (i.e., vertical speed ) is the same an equal interval of time on either side of its peak. At the peak itself, the vertical velocity is 0 m/s; the velocity vector is entirely horizontal at this point in the trajectory. These concepts are further illustrated by the diagram below for a non-horizontally launched projectile that lands at the same height as which it is launched.

The above diagrams, tables, and discussion pertain to how the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity vector change with time during the course of projectile's trajectory. Another vector quantity that can be discussed is the displacement. The numerical description of the displacement of a projectile is discussed in the next section of Lesson 2.

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What Is a Vertical?

A vertical, also known as a sales vertical or vertical market, is the industry that a company’s offerings are specifically catered towards. Examples of verticals include automotive, education, manufacturing, and real estate.

The Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Markets

There are two types of markets: horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal markets feature products and services that are useful in many different contexts across industries. Think stationery or cell phones — every sector may use these products for unique reasons or a certain purpose, but they still use them.

Vertical markets have more depth to them. Solutions intended for a sales vertical generally only have one purpose in a specific context , and the only competition they face is from other manufacturers offering very similar products.

Consider something like an electrocardiogram machine.

While outliers can exist, they’re a product that is intended specifically for hospitals and ambulances, so their vertical market is the healthcare industry.

If you don’t work in healthcare and found that your boss had purchased one for the office, you’d be surprised and likely a little concerned.

Vertical vs. Horizontal Software

The same division exists within software. Software solutions can aim for vertical or horizontal models, and that can dramatically affect their future success.

A vertical software solution aims to be the most robust option for a more narrow range of uses. That can mean it’s everything a certain industry or a person with a specific job title needs.

For example, the Bloomberg Terminal is an incredibly successful system built exclusively for financial institutions. It’s an irreplaceable tool that allows bankers to analyze markets, trade stocks, and monitor news, among other things. Because it was designed specifically for the financial sector, the Bloomberg Terminal covers a lot of ground within its industry.

Horizontal software solutions aim to be more broadly used in different industries. They may not offer as much depth as vertical solutions, but they’re meant to be more accessible and easier to use for a wider range of users.

Microsoft Office is one of the most successful horizontal software solutions ever made. It encompasses a wide variety of tools — word processing, data analysis, presentation slide creation, etc. — that are relevant in many different industries and job roles.

Why Choose Vertical Sales?

Based on the above, it may sound like employing a vertical sales strategy leaves a lot of money on the table. The more appealing your product or service is to everyone, the more successful it will be, right?

The problem with that notion is that when you try to make something apply to everyone in every possible scenario, you’re really marketing it to no one. It’s very easy to think up scenarios where your company’s product or service could be used by many people, but are those use cases realistic?

What generally ends up happening is that your understanding of the specific needs and wants customers use your solution to address will be too shallow to effectively serve any of them.

Choosing a specific vertical allows your company to really entrench itself in that field, understand the pain points of those who are looking for a solution, market according to those pain points, and create value for the customer. While every industry will have its own unique considerations, it’s a lot easier to juggle one egg than it is to juggle seven.

There’s no denying that employing a vertical sales model is a lot of work, especially if you haven’t had much experience with a specific industry. However, the more you learn about the customer and their company, the better positioned you will be not just to sell but establish long-term and meaningful relationships.

Vertical Tips & Tricks

Since verticals are heavily concentrated, they provide opportunities to work with companies that may otherwise be competitors .

For instance, though Apple and Samsung may compete in cellular phone sales, the former actually contracts the latter for the glass used to make iPhone screens.

Businesses all have the goal of creating value and helping to make the customers’ lives easier, so look for chances to work with the competition. You’re all going through the same journey together.

There are no hard-and-fast rules in business, and that’s especially true when it comes to sales . The best processes feature a mix of vertical and horizontal principles. Think carefully about how you can create the most value for your audience, and don’t be afraid to mix and match elements from both methodologies.

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After 30 years of decline, tuberculosis is rising in the U.S. again. How did we get here?

Since the pandemic’s explosion in 2020, resource diversion to COVID tracking and treatment may have allowed TB to spread unchecked.

After declining for three decades, tuberculosis (TB) rates in the U.S. have been increasing steadily since 2020, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It’s a disturbing trend given that 1.5 million die from TB every year, making it the world’s most infectious killer .

"Even the people who don't die of the disease, they're hospitalized [and] have a lot of long-term problems from having TB,” says Priya Shete , associate medical professor and co-director of the University of California, San Francisco Center for Tuberculosis. “If we allow continued increases in tuberculosis globally…over time that's going to affect us as well."

Nationwide, 2023 saw the highest number of cases reported in the last decade. Most of these recent cases are not instances of novel transmission, but sudden activation of latent infections that were undetected or improperly treated.

While TB impacts thousands nationally and millions around the world, "most people in the U.S. are not at risk of developing TB,” says Philip LoBue , director of the CDC’s Division of Tuberculosis Elimination.  

Compared with high TB incidence countries like India, China, and the Philippines, the chance of infection in the U.S. is still one of the lowest in the world. But the recent trend reversal has raised questions—and some alarm bells—among infectious disease and public health experts. Here they offer insight into the causes and implications of the sudden upswing in cases.

What is tuberculosis, and why is it so serious?

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest and deadliest diseases in human history. For millennia, the infection has afflicted people around the globe, earning ominous nicknames like “the white plague,” “consumption,” and even “the robber of youth.” A century and a half ago, TB was essentially a death sentence—roughly   80 percent of active infections were fatal. Since then, rates have been on the decline in the U.S. and abroad, thanks to new vaccines, diagnostics, and antibiotic treatments.

For Hungry Minds

The disease is caused by a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can also   damage the kidneys, heart, bones, joints, and blood vessels. If it spreads , it can cause meningitis, swelling of the brain and spinal cord, or hepatitis, inflammation of the liver.

TB transmits through prolonged exposure to infectious airborne particles , such as from coughing or sneezing. A person infected with TB often does not display symptoms or know they’re sick for weeks or even years —called a “latent” infection. But the infection may become active, and contagious, at any time.  

Even if the bacteria is detected and an effective antibiotic is prescribed, the treatment regimen is long—several months—which makes patient compliance difficult.  

“We need constant surveillance and suppression to keep TB in a latent form,” says Jeffrey Cox , professor of immunology and pathogenesis at University of California, Berkeley. “If you remove that pressure, the bacteria can then start growing again.”

While both preventable and curable, TB remains a leading infectious killer worldwide, claiming over a million lives every year. The disease affects millions in every country and age group, but hits particularly hard in low- and middle-income populations.

Why are TB rates rising in the U.S.?

From a public health perspective, it’s no surprise that tuberculosis counts have been on the rise since 2020. When the pandemic hit, reporting of other communicable diseases like TB initially plummeted as the majority of resources went towards COVID.  

“Most countries actually had a dip [in cases] from 2019 to 2020,” Cox says. “But that doesn’t mean that TB went down.”

In fact, the pandemic-era emphasis on coronavirus tracing and treatment may have allowed TB infections to multiply unchecked.  

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“A lot of those lower priority activities of health care—maintenance and prevention—were deferred,” says Shete . “We weren’t doing a great job prioritizing TB prevention.”

Cox describes a sort of snowball effect: If people don’t get tested or report infections, they don’t get the treatment they need and can transmit the infection to others. Waning mask-wearing and increased travel can also exacerbate the spread.

Compared with previous caseloads, new TB patients are “often more sick at the time that they’re diagnosed,” Shete says. During the pandemic, some physicians may have misidentified or failed to take their symptoms seriously. “It can be kind of the slow burn of a disease where people start to lose weight, they start to feel crummy, they have a chronic cough, and maybe not seek care as quickly.”

LoBue agrees, citing “the similarity of pulmonary TB disease and COVID-19 symptoms” and disrupted health care access during the pandemic as key factors in the initial drop, then rise, in cases.  

As before the pandemic, most recent cases—a whopping 80 percent—occur when untreated, latent infections become active. This most often happens to people whose immune systems are weakened, particularly from diseases like HIV or certain immune-suppressing medications, according to LoBue. In contrast, a healthy immune system could keep the infection at bay indefinitely.

Who’s most affected by tuberculosis?  

Within the U.S., those most susceptible to TB continue to be people born in, or frequent visitors to, countries where TB is common, working or living in riskier settings like schools and high-density housing, or those with weaker immune systems, according to Shete.

“Tuberculosis, just generally speaking, is often called a ‘disease of poverty,’” she says. People experiencing food insecurity, poor access to basic health services, and inadequate or crowded living conditions are at higher risk of infection and often lack the resources for testing or treatment.

Of people born in the U.S., TB rates are highest among those “who have historically been minoritized or marginalized, socioeconomically or racially or ethnically,” Shete says, including Black and Latinx populations. According to the latest CDC report, Black Americans represented the largest number—33 percent—of U.S.-born TB cases, followed by Hispanic and white Americans.  

Still, Cox emphasizes that national numbers “pale in comparison” with the rest of the world. And whether the increased cases are just a “blip” or continue to trend upwards remains to be seen. “Until we have more years of data, we can't say for sure,” agrees the CDC’s LoBue.

What are the larger implications of these rising rates?

Experts urge people to stay informed about TB, without raising unnecessary alarm. Shete says it’s important to remember it’s fully preventable, diagnosable, and treatable.

Those outside of high-risk groups generally don’t have to worry unless they notice symptoms or are exposed to someone with an active infection. That said, Shete adds, “I hesitate to make it less important to most people only because it just takes one person in your community to have TB.”

The greater burden falls on healthcare professionals and the public health system. Particularly among high-risk populations, Shete says that physicians should regularly screen for TB. These preventative measures should be included in Medicare coverage, which is not always the case. Just last year, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued a recommendation for screening asymptomatic adults at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection for the first time since 2016 .

Long-term management of TB cases will require ongoing investment in clinical research and the development of more effective diagnostics and antibiotics, Cox says.

“It does take that kind of infrastructure and constant surveillance and funds from the government to keep those programs going,” Cox says.  

Ultimately, the risk of TB for U.S. residents is mercifully low. But effective mitigation of the infection at home relies on attacking it on a global scale. The U.S. has made this a priority, through international programs like USAID’s Global TB Strategy and the CDC’s Division of Global HIV & TB , which is working to combat the two epidemics simultaneously.  

As Shete says, “Whatever is happening in the world is going to affect us too in the U.S.”

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Meaning of vertical in English

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• Carefully tighten the clamp until it firmly supports the pipette in a vertical position .
• In tin mining today, workers excavate tunnels horizontally from a vertical shaft .
• Rotate it slowly from the horizontal into a vertical position .
• Plot distance on the vertical Y-axis against time on the horizontal X-axis .
• This vertical section of the soil shows four basic soil layers .
• angle of incidence
• interior angle
• non-coplanar
• non-intersecting
• scalene triangle
• supplementary
• transversal
• triangulate
• vanishing point

You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:

Related word

Vertical noun [c usually singular] ( line ), vertical noun [c usually singular] ( business ).

• addressable
• addressable market
• Age of Exploration
• amortizable
• anti-commercial
• contestable
• contract in/out
• contract something out
• contractual
• contractually
• initial public offering
• lock something in
• trade secret
• triple play
• uberization
• ultra-commercial

vertical | American Dictionary

Vertical | business english, examples of vertical, translations of vertical.

Get a quick, free translation!

Word of the Day

the highest point of a mountain

Keeping up appearances (Talking about how things seem)

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5 things to know about Memorial Day, including its evolution and controversies

FILE - The sun shines through the flags in the Memorial Day Flag Garden on Boston Common, May 27, 2023, in Boston. Memorial Day is supposed to be about mourning the nation’s fallen service members. But it’s come to anchor the unofficial start of summer and retail discounts. (AP Photo/Michael Dwyer, file)

FILE - A member of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment also known as The Old Guard, places flags in front of each headstone for “Flags-In” at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, May 25, 2023, to honor the Nation’s fallen military heroes ahead of Memorial Day. Memorial Day is supposed to be about mourning the nation’s fallen service members. But it’s come to anchor the unofficial start of summer and retail discounts. (AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, file)

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NORFOLK, Va. (AP) — Memorial Day is supposed to be about mourning the nation’s fallen service members, but it’s come to anchor the unofficial start of summer and a long weekend of discounts on anything from mattresses to lawn mowers.

But for people such as Manuel Castañeda Jr., the day is very personal. He lost his father, a U.S. Marine who served in Vietnam, in an accident in 1966 in California while his father was training other Marines.

“It isn’t just the specials. It isn’t just the barbecue,” Castañeda told The Associated Press in a discussion about Memorial Day last year.

Castañeda also served in the Marines and Army National Guard, from which he knew men who died in combat. But he tries not to judge others who spend the holiday differently: “How can I expect them to understand the depth of what I feel when they haven’t experienced anything like that?”

1. WHY IS MEMORIAL DAY CELEBRATED?

It’s a day of reflection and remembrance of those who died while serving in the U.S. military, according to the Congressional Research Service. The holiday is observed in part by the National Moment of Remembrance, which encourages all Americans to pause at 3 p.m. for a moment of silence.

2. WHAT ARE THE ORIGINS OR MEMORIAL DAY?

The holiday stems from the American Civil War, which killed more than 600,000 service members — both Union and Confederate — between 1861 and 1865.

There’s little controversy over the first national observance of what was then called Decoration Day. It occurred May 30, 1868, after an organization of Union veterans called for decorating war graves with flowers, which were in bloom.

The practice was already widespread on a local level. Waterloo, New York, began a formal observance on May 5, 1866, and was later proclaimed to be the holiday’s birthplace.

Yet Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, traced its first observance to October 1864, according to the Library of Congress. And women in some Confederate states were decorating graves before the war’s end.

David Blight, a Yale history professor, points to May 1, 1865, when as many as 10,000 people, many of them Black, held a parade, heard speeches and dedicated the graves of Union dead in Charleston, South Carolina.

A total of 267 Union troops had died at a Confederate prison and were buried in a mass grave. After the war, members of Black churches buried them in individual graves.

“What happened in Charleston does have the right to claim to be first, if that matters,” Blight told The Associated Press in 2011 .

In 2021, a retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel cited the story in a Memorial Day speech in Hudson, Ohio. The ceremony’s organizers turned off his microphone because they said it wasn’t relevant to honoring the city’s veterans. The event’s organizers later resigned .

3. HAS MEMORIAL DAY ALWAYS BEEN A SOURCE OF CONTENTION?

Someone has always lamented the holiday’s drift from its original meaning.

As early as 1869, The New York Times wrote that the holiday could become “sacrilegious” and no longer “sacred” if it focuses more on pomp, dinners and oratory.

In 1871, abolitionist Frederick Douglass feared Americans were forgetting the Civil War’s impetus — enslavement — when he gave a Decoration Day speech at Arlington National Cemetery.

“We must never forget that the loyal soldiers who rest beneath this sod flung themselves between the nation and the nation’s destroyers,” Douglass said.

His concerns were well-founded, said Ben Railton, a professor of English and American studies at Fitchburg State University in Massachusetts. Even though roughly 180,000 Black men served in the Union Army, the holiday in many communities would essentially become “white Memorial Day,” especially after the rise of the Jim Crow South, Railton told the AP in 2023.

Meanwhile, how the day was spent — at least by the nation’s elected officials — could draw scrutiny for years after the Civil War. In the 1880s, then-President Grover Cleveland was said to have gone fishing — and “people were appalled,” Matthew Dennis, an emeritus history professor at the University of Oregon, told the AP last year.

By 1911, the Indianapolis 500 held its inaugural race on May 30, drawing 85,000 spectators. A report from The Associated Press made no mention of the holiday — or any controversy.

4. HOW HAS MEMORIAL DAY CHANGED?

Dennis said Memorial Day’s potency diminished somewhat with the addition of Armistice Day, which marked World War I’s end on Nov. 11, 1918. Armistice Day became a national holiday by 1938 and was renamed Veterans Day in 1954.

An act of Congress changed Memorial Day from every May 30th to the last Monday in May in 1971. Dennis said the creation of the three-day weekend recognized that Memorial Day had long been transformed into a more generic remembrance of the dead, as well as a day of leisure.

In 1972, Time Magazine said the holiday had become “a three-day nationwide hootenanny that seems to have lost much of its original purpose.”

5. WHY IS MEMORIAL DAY TIED TO SALES AND TRAVEL?

Even in the 19th century, grave ceremonies were followed by leisure activities such as picnicking and foot races, Dennis said.

The holiday also evolved alongside baseball and the automobile, the five-day work week and summer vacation, according to the 2002 book “A History of Memorial Day: Unity, Discord and the Pursuit of Happiness.”

In the mid-20th century, a small number of businesses began to open defiantly on the holiday.

Once the holiday moved to Monday, “the traditional barriers against doing business began to crumble,” authors Richard Harmond and Thomas Curran wrote.

These days, Memorial Day sales and traveling are deeply woven into the nation’s muscle memory.

Jason Redman, a retired Navy SEAL who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan, told the AP last year that he honors the friends he’s lost. Thirty names are tattooed on his arm “for every guy that I personally knew that died.”

He wants Americans to remember the fallen — but also to enjoy themselves, knowing lives were sacrificed to forge the holiday.

Suspension Tech: How to measure actual rear wheel travel

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Let’s say you want to verify those manufacturer claims and see what your mountain bike’s rear wheel travel really is. That was a question from Bikerumor reader Dan, so we reached out to Niner Bikes to see how they’d recommend doing it. Here’s their response along with pics from their lab…

“Frame travel is designed around the shock manufacturer’s specification,” says Niner’s Engineering and Production Manager George Parry. “So, if the shock manufacturer specifies 50mm of shock stroke. The frame travel will be designed based on the full 50mm of shock stroke. However, the shock specification includes a bottom-out bumper. This makes it difficult to measure the actual shock stroke and/or bicycle frame travel without applying some very high loads.”

“The best method for measuring frame travel may be to remove the shock and measure the vertical travel at the rear axle, with the suspension linkage at the full shock length, and at the shock bottom-out length (original eye-to-eye minus manufacturers specified shock stroke). To do this, we typically use the mill and drill holes in an aluminum bar to insure the holes are the correct distance for full extension and full compression.”

Many mountain bike manufacturers list the rear shock’s stroke length and eye-to-eye on their websites, but you can always call them directly if not. Once you know those numbers, you can replicate Niner’s method at home with a piece of wood and a drill.  Fix a piece of cardboard or wood next to the axle and mark the axle’s location at each extreme, then measure the distance between the two marks.

“I know you were looking for a ‘simple’ method for measuring travel,” laments Parry. “(But if) you want an accurate measurement, I’m afraid I just don’t have one for you.

“I think you’d come pretty close if you could constrain the frame similar to what we’ve done and take vertical travel measurements at the rear axle with the shock spring (or air) removed. Then estimate the additional travel that would result from full shock compression, with the bottom out bumper compressed.

Our take: Unless you’re typically bottoming out and smashing that bumper on most rides, you can easily measure usable rear wheel travel by supporting the bottom bracket shell and measuring the starting position with rear shock pressurized enough to fully extend the system. Then deflate the shock and it’ll pull the system as far into compression as it can, minus what the bottom out bumper is limiting. For coil shocks, you’ll need to remove the coil and manually compress the system. You’ll also want to secure the fork to ensure the only thing moving is the rear axle. This is easily accomplished by putting your bike into a workstand like Park’s PRS-22 or Feedback Sports’ Sprint , or on a fork-mount roof rack tray.

Big thanks to Niner for the answers and photos!

The fun never ends. Stay tuned for a new post each week that explores one small suspension tech, tuning or product topic. Check out past posts here . Got a question you want answered? Email us . Want your brand or product featured? We can do that, too .

Tyler Benedict is the Founder of Bikerumor.com . He has been writing about the latest bikes, components, and cycling technology for almost two decades. Prior to that, Tyler launched and built multiple sports nutrition brands and consumer goods companies, mostly as an excuse to travel to killer riding locations throughout North America.

Based in North Carolina, Tyler loves family adventure travel and is always on the lookout for the next shiny new part to make his bikes faster and lighter.

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed .

In an alternate universe I think it would be interesting if suspension travel was measured in effective BB drop. Measure BB height with shock and fork fully extended then again when fully compressed.

you can do that now if you know what maths to use.

Many moons ago I used to measure ‘actual’ travel with the aid of a set of dummy shocks. They were just steel bars with a half inch eyelet at each end and a third one where full compression would be. I also remember a sales rep from a Californian bike company trying to sell me a BS line about how their 160mm bike’s travel was ‘140mm vertical plus 20mm rearward axle path,’ around 2007. I gave their customer service rating a 6.6. . It was an easy way to measure travel without worrying about bottom out bumpers. It also educated me to how some bikes (like Nicolais) delivered the exact travel they said on the spec sheet, to the millimietre, whilst for others the number seemed ot have been plucked from the air.

wow a 6.6, this guy means business

Flip the bike over and adjust the seat height so the axles are the same distance from the ground. Measure the rear axle height then deflate shock and measure it fully compressed. Axle paths are negligible.

140 vertical and 20 rearward is 141mm of travel.

Friend of mine bought the interbike turner five spot. He took it apart and measured the travel and found it didn’t quite have inches in the rear. Evidently he posted about it somewhere and someone from Turner called and it was a very heated discussion (I was sitting in his truck hearing his side of the conversation). Still gets brought up in the group 15 years later???

very few bikes deliver the advertised suspension travel a the rear. generally the number is rounded up to the next 10mm increment

For a Hardtail, measure the depth of your tire.

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People annoyed after fake Hagmaxxing trend goes viral

I know what you're thinking - what the hell is 'hagmaxxing'.

Brenna Cooper

There's no quicker way to feel old than diving into the world of Gen Z internet slang.

From 'rizz' to 'sus' and 'cap', it seems that the younger generation is not slowing down when it comes to inventing new words to make the rest of us feel old and confused. The latest phrase to do the rounds on social media is 'hagmaxxing'. But what on earth does hagmaxxing mean? And is it really a thing?

Unlike the previously mentioned words, which are more straightforward, hagmaxxing is a complete curveball.

Here's a hint, the word is apparently used in the dating world.

Still stuck? Don't worry, we have the answer for you. It would appear that hagmaxxing (or hagmaxxer) is a phrase which refers to age-gap relationships, more specifically, a younger man dating an older woman. Think The Idea of You or May December .

The term first began to circulate on social media, when one user shared what appeared to be a screen-grab from an article titled: 'Meet the hagmaxxers: Gen Z's new social trend of dating older women'. The headline is followed by the silhouettes of a man and a woman, with the man labelled as 20-years-old while the woman is (shock horror) 37.

The phrase has understandably caused a huge response on the social media account, as users queued up to share their frustrations that women in their late thirties were now considered 'hags'.

"The most cursed term i've ever heard," one person replied , while another added : "This happened during the fall of Rome," seemingly alluding to the idea that society is in its end times.

However, all does not appear as it seems. Typing the phrase into TikTok returns no hits, only videos related to the term 'looksmaxxing' and any Reddit thread discussing the word has only been created in the past couple of days, meaning the word has an almost non-existent digital footprint.

Typing the article's headline into Google also yields no results. Suspicious.

For those who haven't already put two and two together, hagmaxxing or hagmaxxers isn't a real term at all but instead the brainchild of message board 4Chan.

A community note has since appeared underneath the original post, saying: "This is a fake news article created as a joke on 4Chan. Searching on Google verifies no such article exists."

The community note didn't stop several people from falling for the hoax, while other users have taken the opportunity to urge others to do their research before becoming annoyed at something they see on the internet.

"This isn’t real. It was made up on 4chan," another user replied . "Believing every headline you see is boomer behaviour. Please stop."

Topics:  Social Media , TikTok , Dating trends

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The Travel Vertical

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The Travel Vertical: September 21, 2022

People on the move | a new podcast about dmo careers | rfps | 180 jobs.

This week’s coverage includes new appointments, promotions, and a bird’s-eye-view of DMO careers in a new podcast with Bill Geist, DMO Proz. Oh, and did we mention RFPs and 180 open positions? (Who wants to be a CEO, click here. Who doesn’t want to be a CEO, click here .)

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A Landmark Initiative: Visit Native California

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What does your destination sound like? Visit Annapolis & Anne Arundel County and the Annapolis Songwriters Festival have teamed up to create a songwriter competition that provides rising and established performing artists with an opportunity to create a destination theme song. Check it out here .

Two Vegas Showgirls Weigh 6,800 Pounds Each and Utah Tourism Says ‘It’s Called Fashion, Baby’

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Nvidia stock jumps after big earnings beat, 10-for-1 stock split announcement

• Nvidia stock jumped as much as 5% after it reported first-quarter earning results on Wednesday. 
• The company beat profit and revenue estimates thanks to continued strength in its GPU business.
• Nvidia boosted its dividend and announced a 10-for-1 stock split.

Nvidia stock surged to record highs in after-hours trading on Wednesday after the company reported its first-quarter earnings results.

Shares of the chip maker jumped as much as 5% to about $993 per share following its earnings release. The company reported a 262% surge in year-over-year revenues, driven by the continued success of its AI-enabled GPU chips, mainly the H100.

Here were the key numbers:

• Revenue: $26.04 billion, versus analyst estimates of $24.65 billion
• Data center revenue: $22.6 billion, representing a 427% surge from the year-ago quarter
• Adjusted earnings per share: $6.12, versus analyst estimates of $5.59

Nvidia also offered solid revenue guidance for the second quarter, at $28 billion versus analyst estimates of $26.61 billion, signaling that it expects continued strong sales even as customers await its next-generation GPU chip, Blackwell, set to be released in the second half of the year.

"We are poised for our next wave of growth. The Blackwell platform is in full production and forms the foundation for trillion-parameter-scale generative AI," Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang said. 

The company announced a 10-for-1 stock split, effective next month. It also increased its quarterly dividend by 150% from $0.04 to $0.10 per share. 

Analysts will be eagerly awaiting Huang's comments on the company's conference call, looking for potential direction as to where he sees the AI chip market going throughout the rest of the year and beyond. 

"Even in the face of huge expectations, the company once again stepped up and delivered. The always important data center revenue was strong, while future revenue was also impressive. Bottom line, the bar was high and cleared it once again," Carson Group's Ryan Detrick said. 

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There Are 2 Types of No-fly Lists — What to Know About Each One

And hopefully you'll never be put on either.

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The ability to book a flight is a privilege, not a right, and it can be taken away under certain circumstances. You might have heard of something called the no-fly list — yes, it's a real thing. In fact, there are two types of no-fly lists, and you really don't want to be on either of them. The more severe kind is a federal anti-terrorism program, while the less severe type is maintained by individual airlines for unruly passengers. Here's what you need to know about both no-fly lists.

What is the federal no-fly list?

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) maintains the no-fly list with individuals prohibited from "boarding an aircraft when flying within, to, from, and over the United States." These individuals are part of the federal terrorist watchlist ; administered by the FBI, the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) holds a database of "information on people reasonably suspected to be involved in terrorism (or related activities)." Some people on the terrorist watchlist — but not all — are added to the TSA no-fly list. Others on the terrorist watchlist are allowed to fly in U.S. airspace, but may be subjected to additional security screening.

How do I know if I'm on the federal no-fly list?

It' simple — you won't receive a boarding pass. Though the federal government does not disclose how individuals end up on certain watchlists (potential threats could use that information to avoid detection) or who is on them, the TSA may inform you if you're added to the no-fly list. If you receive such a letter, you're given a chance to appeal the decision.

Does being selected for extra security screening at the airport mean I'm on the federal no-fly list?

No, being selected for extra screening at the airport does not mean you're on the no-fly list. According to the TSA , "Many people falsely believe that they are experiencing a screening delay because they are on a watchlist. In fact, such delays are often caused by a name similarity to another person who is on the watchlist." And in most cases, secondary security screenings are random — any passenger may be selected.

If you're regularly selected for extra screening — and you're not linked to terrorist activities — you can apply for the Department of Homeland Security's Traveler Redress Inquiry Program (TRIP) . Provided you're not deemed a security threat, you'll be given a redress number to add to your airline bookings, which will help smooth out your airport security experience in the future. "Ninety-eight percent of individuals who apply for redress have no nexus to the terrorist watchlist," notes the TSA on its website .

What is an airline no-fly list?

Airlines reserve the right to ban passengers from flying with them — typically it's unruly passengers who are added to a carrier's internal no-fly list. Unruly behavior can range from being too inebriated on a flight to assaulting a flight attendant. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) states that in addition to being banned from flying an airline, unruly passengers can be fined up to $37,000; convicted of a felony by the FBI; and be removed from or banned from the TSA PreCheck program , depending on the severity of the incident.

Is there a universal no-fly list for unruly passengers?

There is no nationwide or worldwide no-fly list of unruly passengers. Thus, theoretically, someone banned from one airline can still fly on another. In 2022, Delta CEO Ed Bastian called for the addition of unruly passengers to the federal no-fly list , but his request hasn't been approved yet.

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Business | The Justice Department is suing Ticketmaster…

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Business | The Justice Department is suing Ticketmaster and Live Nation. What does that mean for concertgoers?

The lawsuit could potentially lead to a breakup of Live Nation Entertainment, a company that resulted from Ticketmaster’s 2010 merger with concert promoter Live Nation. Attorney General Merrick Garland said the aim is to allow more competition and to let smaller players gain more of the U.S. ticket-selling market — which Ticketmaster controls a whopping 70% of.

More competition could lead to cheaper tickets. But experts say live event lovers shouldn’t expect changes any time soon.

What happened?

The Justice Department on Thursday accused Live Nation of engaging in a slew of practices that have allowed it to maintain a stronghold over the live music scene. They accused it of using long-term contracts to keep venues from choosing rival ticketers, blocking venues from using multiple ticket sellers and threatening venues that they could lose money and fans if they don’t choose Ticketmaster.

Does Taylor Swift have anything to do with this?

The uproar that resulted from a myriad of problems Swifties encountered while trying to buy tickets through Ticketmaster for the pop star’s Eras Tour in 2022 shined a light on cracks in the U.S. ticketing system.

State attorneys general — 30 of whom have joined the Justice Department’s lawsuit — started probing Ticketmaster. The widespread social media outcry even led to a Senate hearing.

Eleanor Fox, professor emeritus at the NYU School of Law, said the debacle of an entertainment giant appearing incapable of servicing an eager audience might have helped the Justice Department build its case by making the scale of Ticketmaster’s domination more apparent.

“I mean, you can say it was extraordinary that there was so much demand (and that is what led to problems), but they knew it was going to be extraordinary there was so much demand,” Fox said. “When you have competition, the companies are more sensitive and responsive to problems that can come up.”

Why are ticket prices so high?

Ticket prices have gone up for multiple reasons, including a huge surge in demand after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Live Nation reported last month that worldwide ticket sales for the top 100 tours in 2023 jumped 46% compared with the previous year, bringing in $9.17 billion in sales. Attendance at Live Nation-produced events jumped 20% to a staggering 145 million last year.

According to trade publication Pollstar, the average ticket price from the 100 top tours in 2023 was $122.84, which was 17% higher than the year before and a 31% increase compared to the average price in 2018.

And as anyone who has tried to score tickets to a popular event knows, service fees and ticket resales can push prices up much higher, in some cases into the thousands of dollars.

The Justice Department’s lawsuit alleges that having a giant company like Live Nation Entertainment exacerbates markups since it controls so much of the market.

What does Ticketmaster say?

Live Nation and Ticketmaster which have long clashed with artists and fans, have always denied they act in a monopolistic manner. They say they aren’t to blame for high ticket prices. They said Thursday that the DOJ’s lawsuit “won’t solve the issues fans care about relating to ticket prices, service fees, and access to in-demand shows.” They say service fees go to concert venues and that outside competition has ”steadily eroded” Ticketmaster’s market share.

What happens next?

Unless it is dismissed, the lawsuit Thursday kicked off what is likely to be a long trial. The trial might take a year to commence, and then there would be months of arguments before a judge issues a ruling, NYU School of Law’s Fox said.

“And especially if the judge orders a breakup, there’s going to be an appeal,” she added. “So you are looking at years.”

Are there other lawsuits against monopolies ongoing?

The government has several ongoing lawsuits accusing big companies of engaging in illegal monopolies that box out competitors and drive up prices.

In March, the Justice Department sued Apple, accusing the tech giant of engineering an illegal monopoly in the smartphone market.

Earlier this month, closing arguments were made in a lawsuit against Google that dates from the Trump administration. Federal prosecutors accused the tech giant of maintaining a monopoly status as a search engine.

In September, the Federal Trade Commission sued Amazon, alleging the e-commerce behemoth abuses its position in the marketplace to inflate prices on and off its platform, overcharge sellers and stifle competition. Amazon asked for the suit to be dismissed in December, but a judge set a trial date for October 2026.

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What to Know About the I.C.C. Prosecutor’s Request for Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders

The International Criminal Court prosecutor requested arrest warrants for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and Hamas leaders. Here is a closer look at the court and the warrant.

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By Emma Bubola and Charlie Savage

The prosecutor of the International Criminal Court said on Monday that he had requested arrest warrants for war crimes and crimes against humanity for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel and the leaders of Hamas. Here’s a closer look at the court and the warrants.

The prosecutor is accusing both sides of war crimes.

The court’s prosecutor, Karim Khan, said in a statement that he was applying for arrest warrants for Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed Deif and Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas because he had “reasonable grounds to believe” that they were responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity, which included “the killing of hundreds of Israeli civilians” in the Hamas-led Oct. 7 attacks in Israel, and the taking of at least 245 hostages.

Mr. Khan said that the Hamas officials “planned and instigated the commission of crimes” on that day, and that they “have acknowledged their responsibility for those crimes” through their actions, such as personal visits to hostages shortly after their kidnapping.

The prosecutor cited accusations of murder, extermination, hostage-taking, and acts of sexual violence as war crimes. He also said he had reasonable grounds to believe the officials were responsible for acts of torture and cruel treatment.

Mr. Khan also said that he had requested arrest warrants for Mr. Netanyahu and Israel’s defense minister, Yoav Gallant, because there were reasonable grounds to believe that they bore responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the starvation of civilians as a weapon of war and “intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population.”

Mr. Khan said that these crimes were committed “as part of a widespread and systematic attack against the Palestinian civilian population.” He also said that in his office’s view, some of the crimes “continue to this day.”

“International law and the laws of armed conflict apply to all,” he said. “No foot soldier, no commander, no civilian leader — no one — can act with impunity. Nothing can justify willfully depriving human beings, including so many women and children, the basic necessities required for life. Nothing can justify the taking of hostages or the targeting of civilians.”

The International Criminal Court was set up under a 1998 treaty, but the U.S. and Israel aren’t members.

The International Criminal Court is an international court that has jurisdiction to prosecute people for war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.

It was established in 2002 as a standing body to investigate those crimes under a 1998 treaty known as the Rome Statute. Previously, the United Nations Security Council had set up ad hoc tribunals to address atrocities in specific places, like the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.

The I.C.C. is based in The Hague, a Dutch city that has long been a center for international law and justice. It is separate from the International Court of Justice, an international tribunal also in The Hague which is an arm of the United Nations and handles civil disputes between countries. The latter is currently weighing a claim brought by South Africa that Israel is conducting a genocide in Gaza . Israel has strongly denied the accusation.

Many democracies joined the International Criminal Court, including close American allies like Britain. The court has recognized Palestine as a member since 2015.

But neither Israel nor the United States is a member. The United States, which conducts numerous military operations abroad, has taken the position that the court should not exercise jurisdiction over citizens from countries that are not parties to the treaty.

That position, however, has been tested by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Russia is not a member, but Ukraine is. Last year, the court issued arrest warrants for President Vladimir V. Putin and another Russian official, saying they bore individual criminal responsibility for the abduction and deportation of Ukrainian children in the wake of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. After a lengthy internal debate, President Biden ordered the U.S. government to share evidence of Russian war crimes with the court.

The arrest warrants have the immediate effect of limiting travel for targets.

Mr. Khan’s request for warrants must still be approved by judges on the court. If they are issued, the warrants would put both the Israeli officials and Hamas leaders at risk of being arrested and sent to The Hague for trial if they travel to one of the court’s 124 member nations , which include most European countries.

Presumably they would not go to countries that would arrest and extradite them, in which case they may never stand trial. But the effective travel restrictions would function as a kind of punishment in and of themselves.

“Israel will be more isolated after this action,” said Stephen Rapp, a former U.S. ambassador at large who headed the Office of Global Criminal Justice in the State Department. He said that if the arrest warrants go ahead, the named officials “will find it hard to travel to two-thirds of the world.”

The warrant request represents one of the harshest condemnations of Israel’s strategy in its war against Hamas and its campaign’s toll on Gaza’s civilian population. But Mr. Rapp said that Israel “has proved itself sort of immune to international pressure, ” and it was unclear whether the prosecutor’s actions would have an impact on its strategy in Gaza.

The I.C.C. cannot try defendants in absentia . It also has no police force, relying on member states to arrest fugitives and transfer them to The Hague.

In the case of Mr. Putin, the judges approved the request within weeks.

The prosecutor is accusing Israeli officials of intentionally targeting civilians and using starvation as a weapon.

Mr. Khan said that he believed Israeli officials were responsible for intentionally attacking civilians, but he largely focused on allegations of starvation, and extermination or murder “including in the context of deaths caused by starvation.”

For months, Israel has been criticized for the scale of civilian deaths, but Israeli officials have blamed Hamas for the toll, accusing the armed group of using civilians as a shield, its fighters deliberately hiding among and beneath noncombatants.

Under the laws of war, it can be lawful to pull the trigger knowing that some civilian bystanders are likely to be killed, so long as the harm to innocents is deemed to be necessary and proportionate to striking a legitimate military target.

Mr. Rapp, the former U.S. ambassador, said that prosecutors’ greater emphasis on accusations that Israeli officials have restricted the transfer of critical supplies of food and medicine to civilians may be because that issue is “relatively simple” compared to second-guessing targeting decisions.

“The humanitarian rules are very strict,” he said, adding that a state which conducts a military operation in an area of which it controls the perimeter must ensure that civilians have the means of survival.

“If you look at the black letter of international law in this area, it is actually very, very clear,” he said.

Israel’s foreign minister denounced the warrant applications.

Neither Mr. Netanyahu nor Mr. Gallant immediately commented on the decision.

Israel’s foreign minister, Israel Katz, said that he had ordered the immediate establishment of a special committee aimed at fighting the decision, which he said “was intended first and foremost to tie the hands of the State of Israel and deny it the right of self-defense.”

The “scandalous” prosecutor’s decision, he said, “is a frontal attack without restraint on the victims of Oct. 7 and our 128 hostages in Gaza.”

In a statement on Telegram, Hamas condemned the warrant requests against its leaders. It said that the prosecutor should demand the arrest not only of Mr. Netanyahu and Mr. Gallant but of all “leaders, officers and soldiers who participated in crimes against the Palestinian people.”

Because of an editing error, an earlier version of this article said that the United States and Israel hadn’t signed the treaty that set up the International Criminal Court. They signed, but are not members.

How we handle corrections

Emma Bubola is a Times reporter based in London, covering news across Europe and around the world. More about Emma Bubola

Charlie Savage writes about national security and legal policy. More about Charlie Savage

Our Coverage of the Israel-Hamas War

News and Analysis

Israel’s military said its troops were pressing on with their ground assault of Rafah , even as international outrage  over its operation there intensified in the wake of a deadly airstrike  on a camp for displaced Palestinians.

The temporary pier that the U.S. military constructed and put in place to provide much-needed humanitarian aid for Gaza has broken apart in rough seas , the Pentagon said.

Spain, Norway and Ireland formally recognized an independent Palestinian state . The previously announced moves by the three European nations are largely symbolic , but serve as a rebuke to Israel.

U.S. Military Aid Project: The Pentagon predicted that a stream of humanitarian aid would be arriving in Gaza via the floating pier, but little relief has reached the besieged strip .

Ari Emanuel’s Condemnation: The media executive condemned Netanyahu  for his leadership since the Hamas attack of Oct. 7, a conspicuous statement from one of Hollywood’s most powerful figures.

Amal Clooney Weighs In: The prominent human rights lawyer was on a panel that recommended arrest warrants  for leaders of Israel and Hamas. She had been criticized earlier for not speaking out on the war.