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Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management, major in Travel Operation and Service Management (4 years)

Offered by the College of Tourism and Hospitality Management  – Department of Tourism Management

Description.

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT  is a four-year degree program related to the fields of hospitality and tourism education. It provides students the opportunity to become directly involved in managing and planning the world’s biggest people industry – tourism.  This concentrates on courses such as history, travel, language, and other cultural aspects. It provides exposure and training of becoming experts in management of the travel, tour, and hospitality industry and will lead students to a journey toward a senior role in the exciting, diverse, and growing industry.

The BS Tourism Management program has two areas of specialization: (1) Major in Travel Operations and Service Management, and (2) Major in Recreation and Leisure Management.

The BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT Major in Travel Operations and Service Management program covers the study of various components focusing on the management, operations, and service delivery relevant to the travel and tourism industry. It encompasses technical, practical, and professional learning and application of skills with respect to specific areas such as travel agency management, tour arranging and planning, travel industry operations and procedures, tourism marketing and promotion strategies, travel counseling, travel industry law, international and domestic operations, and travel and tourism policy.

Becoming Part of the Program

The University of Santo Tomas, in pursuit of truth, guided by reason and illumined by faith, dedicates herself to the generation, advancement, and transmission of knowledge to form competent and compassionate professionals committed to the service of the Church, the nation, and the global community.

I am a Thomasian. I carry the SEAL of Thomasian education. I am a S ervant leader, an E ffective communicator and collaborator, an A nalytical and creative thinker, and a L ifelong learner. With Christ at the center of my formation as a Thomasian, I am expected to demonstrate the following Thomasian Graduate Attributes ( ThoGAs ): 

SERVANT LEADER 

• Show leadership abilities to promote advocacies for life, freedom, justice, and solidarity in the service of the family, the local and global communities, the Church, and the environment. 
• Implement relevant projects and activities that speak of Christian compassion to the poor and the marginalized in order to raise their quality of life. 
• Show respect for the human person, regardless of race, religion, age, and gender. 

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATOR AND COLLABORATOR 

• Express oneself clearly, correctly, and confidently in various environments, contexts, and technologies of human interaction.
• Work productively with individuals or groups from diverse cultures and demographics. 
• Show profound respect for individual differences and/or uniqueness as members of God’s creation. 

ANALYTICAL AND CREATIVE THINKER 

• Show judiciousness and resourcefulness in making personal and professional decisions. 
• Engage in research undertakings that respond to societal issues. 
• Express personal and professional insights through an ethical and evidence-based approach. 

LIFELONG LEARNER 

• Engage in reflective practice to ensure disciplinal excellence and professional development. 
• Exhibit preparedness and interest for continuous upgrading of competencies required by the profession or area of specialization. 
• Manifest fidelity to the teachings of Christ, mediated by the Catholic Church, in the continuous deepening of faith and spirituality in dealing with new life situations and challenges. 

PEO1. Exhibit Christian leadership by promoting life advocacies through project implementation for social and economic transformation 

PEO2. Practice effective interpersonal and communication skills through collaboration, use of information technology, and respect for cultural heritage and diversity 

PEO3. Assess industry-academe trends and issues to generate research and business undertakings in tourism and hospitality through the basis of specific standards and criteria within personal, professional, societal, and ethical contexts 

PEO4. Employ a solid understanding and the need for continuous upgrading of the managerial and operational competencies of tourism and hospitality through reflective practice consistent with the global standards and Christian values 

Upon successful completion of the program, graduates should be able to:

PO1. perform leadership skills in various areas of tourism through advocacy programs that aim to improve the quality of life of both local and global communities;

PO2. engage in meaningful collaboration, communication, and processing of information through technology to effectively perform assigned tasks in a diverse cultural environment;

PO3. apply analytical and quantitative skills to formulate business decisions producing quality research and business outputs that respond to tourism and hospitality issues and trends compliant with the laws of the society; and

PO4. demonstrate the ability to perform basic supervisory job functions, as well as entrepreneurial competencies, manifesting Christian values, in the tour, travel, leisure and recreation, and hotel and restaurant careers.

In addition, graduates of BS in Tourism Management Major in Travel and Operations Management should be able to create concrete plans for the different stakeholders through service learning, manifesting global innovations in varied forms of communication and collaboration (PO5-TOSM). 

Application Period: July to December of each year

Application Website

Release of Results: January 28 of the following year

Go to  THIS PAGE and look for the “College of Tourism and Hospitality Management” tab for the tuition fees.

Career Opportunities

Graduates of BS in Tourism Management, Major in Travel Operations and Service Management may be a/an:

Area Supervisor

Ground Handling Personnel

Training Staff

Area Manager

Group Coordinator

Ticketing Manager

Administrative Assistant

File Clerk 

Tourism Center Director

Airline Purser

Flight Attendant

Airline Manager

Information Specialist

Tour Planner

Communications Specialist

Media Specialist

Travel Promotions Staff

Country Manager

Media Coordinator

Travel Representative

Customer Service Representative

Media Liaison

Travel Editor

Customer Service Quality Director

Manager of Travel Literature

Travel Photographer 

Chief of News and Information

Operations Employee

Travel Writer

Director for Customer Care

Package Tour Coordinator

Travel Counselor (Domestic / International)

Economic Development Specialist

Product Development Manager

Research Analyst

Reservation Agents

Public Information Officer

Research Director

Reservations Manager

Public Relations Officer

Reservationist

Since the program includes business-related courses, a BS in Tourism Management graduate may also be a/an: 

Sales Representative

Commercial Account Specialist

Trainee Group Consultant

Marketing Analyst

Sales and Marketing Manager

Customer Analyst

Advertising Specialist

Management Personnel (4 functional areas-HR, Marketing, Operations, Finance plus IT)

Financial Analyst

Marketing Coordinator

Senior Manager of Strategy and Marketing

Merchandising Analyst

Advertising Manager

Student Experience and Support

Department of Tourism Management Facilities

The University of Santo Tomas provides student services that cater to academic, spiritual, and wellness concerns of students. These support units are found in the different parts of the campus and can be accessed by Thomasians. When the University shifted to distance learning, the services also transitioned to online services to continue addressing the needs of Thomasians.

Program Curriculum (New)

Effectivity: A.Y. 2023-2024

This curriculum may have some changes upon the availability of new guidelines.

Effectivity: A.Y. 2021-2022

Effectivity: A.Y. 2019-2020

Effectivity: A.Y. 2018-2019

Student Life

The Tourism Management Department regularly offers immersion programs for the students to see and gain first-hand knowledge of how the industry works. From hotels, cruise lines, and community immersions, various adventures await you!

Our students regularly participate in various tourism-related contests, such as PHILTOA, UFTE, Domestikwhiz, TourCon, and HRT.

Apart from classroom learning and industry immersions, the college also has educational tour for the students. One of the most awaited highlights of being a Tourism Management student is the exciting domestic tours in Cebu, Bohol, Palawan and international tours in South Korea, Japan, China, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Our students are often invited to assist and become ushers for University activities inside and outside the campus giving them more exposure and a chance to practice service and hospitality skills they learn in the classroom namely, Papal Visit, diplomatic missions, national and international events, UAAP, etc.

The University of Santo Tomas is one of the leading private research universities in the Philippines and is consistently ranked among the top 1000 universities in the whole world. With academic degrees and research thrusts in the natural, health, applied, social, and sacred sciences, as well as business and management, the University continuously strives to make a positive impact on the society.

Visit Us: Espana Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines 1008

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Outside USA: +1‑607‑330‑3200

Sustainable Tourism Destination Management Self-Paced Cornell Course

Course overview.

This course aims to train global hospitality and tourism professionals in using sustainable practices across all areas of the tourism industry. Throughout the course, you will be introduced to innovative, data-driven methods for destination management, delivered by over 20 world-renowned experts in the field. You will begin by identifying the different components that make up the global tourism industry and examine the effects each of these components has on a destination’s social, cultural, and environmental well-being. You will then acquire the tools needed to manage your destination sustainably by designing a climate action plan, documenting and accommodating natural capital needs, improving land-use planning, engaging with local communities, and managing public-private partnerships. Ultimately, you will be able to contribute to the economic development of a destination while also protecting its health.

Key Course Takeaways

• Define the global tourism economy and measure the social and environmental impacts of tourism
• Document water, waste, energy, and natural capital management needs
• Design a climate action plan for your tourism destination
• Track how tourism can support essential economic development goals
• Facilitate an inclusive process where local communities review and protect their own cultural and natural assets
• Transform destination governance by promoting public-private partnerships, data-driven decision making, and innovative financing
• Synthesize sustainable destination management tools by applying them to real-life tourism case studies

Download a Brochure

Strategic partners.

How It Works

Course authors.

• Certificates Authored

Mark Milstein is Clinical Professor of Management and Director of the Center for Sustainable Global Enterprise at the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University. He conducts applied research in and oversees the Center’s work on market and enterprise creation, business development, clean technology commercialization, and sustainable finance.

Dr. Milstein specializes in framing the world’s social and environmental challenges as unmet market needs which can be addressed effectively by the private sector through innovation and entrepreneurship, thereby allowing companies to achieve financial success by creatively addressing problems such as climate change, ecosystem degradation, and poverty. He has received funding from the National Science Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation the S.C. Johnson Foundation, SEvEN, the World Bank, the University of Queensland, and the Water Resources Institute. Over the past decade, Dr. Milstein has worked with more than 100 firms across a range of industries, including renewable energy and carbon markets, life sciences and sustainable agriculture, consumables, food and nutrition, healthcare, tourism and hospitality management, as well as finance and international development.

Dr. Milstein’s work and perspectives have been featured in The New York Times, MSNBC, CNBC, Forbes, The Guardian, and GreenBiz. He is a frequent speaker on the topics of strategy, organizational change, and innovation related to business and sustainability. He also consults with a number of multinational firms, small- and medium-sized enterprises, and NGOs. Dr. Milstein currently serves on the board of directors of Livelihood Basix International and as a board member for Johnson & Johnson’s Earthwards Program.

• Omnichannel Leadership Program
• Sustainable Business
• Food Executive Program

Megan Epler Wood is a leader, educator, and consultant who has dedicated her professional career to the implementation of sustainability practices in the field of tourism. She has worked for over 30 years to inform leaders, students, and business professionals across the globe on the use of well-researched and sustainable business, environmental conservation, and inclusive economic development tools. As program director of the Sustainable Tourism Asset Management Program (STAMP), Ms. Epler Wood seeks to increase collective knowledge and understanding of how to more effectively manage tourism destination assets over time to improve maintenance; ensure proper valuation; and help offset the influences of poverty, ecosystem degradation, climate change, land tenure, and the lack of government investment in vital local infrastructure in underdeveloped economies worldwide.

Who Should Enroll

• Hospitality and tourism professionals
• Business leaders
• Regional and urban planners
• Local, municipal, and national government employees
• Marketing and PR professionals
• Land and marine management professionals
• Economic development professionals
• Civil and systems engineers

What You'll Earn

• Recognition of Achievement from Cornell’s SC Johnson College of Business
• 40 Professional Development Hours (4 CEUs)

Watch the Video

Request information now by completing the form below..

Enter your information to get access to a virtual open house with the eCornell team to get your questions answered live.

Best Tourism Degrees

Staff Writers

Contributing Writer

Learn about our editorial process .

Updated October 18, 2023

thebestschools.org is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site.

Are you ready to discover your college program?

" By some measures, tourism may already be the world's largest industry, with annual revenue approaching $500 billion. " - peopleandplanet.net

A hospitality management degree online program provides students the business skills and cultural education necessary to run travel agencies, organize cultural attractions, operate a food service business, plan meetings as well as large conventions and events, facilitate operations at hotels, theme parks, casinos and resorts, promote tourism, and arrange individual, group, or corporate trips and tours around the world.

A hospitality management online degree allows students to work in sectors such as food service operations, visitor bureaus and conventions, recreational business, tourism development agencies, hotels, resorts, theme parks, international travel and tourism agencies, airlines, and casinos. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts a 8% employment growth for hotel meeting planners from 2022 to 2032, and a average salary of $52,560 a year.

Hospitality management online degree programs vary widely across the universities and colleges. Tourism and hospitality degree programs offer bachelor and master degrees in many different concentrations and specializations, such as tourism, hospitality, travel, recreation, and event/meeting management.

Programs in the field offer courses such as tourism and hospitality marketing, food service management, brand management, travel law, international travel, hospitality and tourism management, sustainability in hospitality and tourism, operational management, corporate finance, and economics of travel and tourism.

Tourism Degree Programs Ranking Guidelines

We ranked these degree programs based on quality, curricula, school awards, rankings, and reputation.

Our Methodology

Here at TheBestSchools.org, we take the trust and welfare of our readers very seriously. When making our school and program rankings, our top priority is ensuring that our readers get accurate, unbiased information that can help them make informed decisions about online education. That's why we've developed a rigorous ranking methodology that keeps the needs of our readers front and center.

Our proprietary, multi-criteria ranking algorithm analyzes key data indicators — as collected by the federal government — for each school or program. What data we use depends on the focus of each specific ranking, but in all cases, our ranking methodology is impartial: Schools  cannot buy better rankings  at TBS.

While specific criteria under consideration can vary by ranking, there are a few data points that we value most highly. They are affordability, academic quality, and online enrollment. Below, we break down our algorithm to help you understand what you're getting when you use one of our rankings.

• Affordability
• Online Enrollment

Data Sources

The data used in TBS rankings comes primarily from the federal government, and much of it is provided by the schools themselves. We aggregate and analyze this data to build our rankings.

The  Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System  (IPEDS) is our primary source. Its data comes from annual surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Education's  National Center for Education Statistics  (NCES). Every college, university, or technical school with access to federal financial aid must participate in these surveys, which include questions about enrollment, graduation rates, finances, and faculty qualifications. This is publicly available data, which you can access yourself through the  College Navigator .

Additionally, because we value a personal touch and the professional experience of our staff and Academic Advisory Board, we vet all results and adjust rankings as necessary based on our collected knowledge of schools and degree programs. Depending on the ranking, we may obtain additional input from  AcademicInfluence.com , subject matter experts, prior TBS ranking lists, or other sources we deem relevant to a particular ranking.

Breakdown of Our Rankings Methodology

About our ranking factors.

Here at TBS, we value what you value: quality education, affordability, and the accessibility of online education. These factors guide all of our program rankings.

Each of these factors are further broken down into weighted subfactors. For example, retention rates are weighted more heavily than availability of program options because they are a better indicator of student success.

We chose the following factors for our rankings because of their influence on learning experiences and graduate outcomes. However, students should always balance our rankings against their personal priorities. For instance, a learner who needs a fully online program may prioritize online flexibility more than our rankings do. Our rankings are designed to help you make a decision — not to make a decision for you.

• Collapse All

Academics - 75%

Affordability - 15%, online enrollment - 10%.

In all our school rankings and recommendations, we work for objectivity and balance. We carefully research and compile each ranking list, and as stated in our advertising disclosure, we do NOT permit financial incentives to influence rankings. Our articles never promote or disregard a school for financial gain.

If you have questions about our ranking methodology, please feel free to connect with our staff through  contact page .

We thank you for your readership and trust.

Featured Schools

The schools are listed in alphabetical order. The list includes mainly bachelor degree programs and a few master degree programs.

The Best Tourism Degree Programs

We use trusted sources like Peterson's Data and the National Center for Education Statistics to inform the data for these schools. TheBestSchools.org is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. from our partners appear among these rankings and are indicated as such.

#1 Best Tourism Degrees

Arizona State University-Downtown Phoenix

• Phoenix, AZ
• Online + Campus

Arizona State University-Downtown Phoenix offers 25 bachelor's degrees across in-person and online learning modalities. The school's bachelor's in tourism program prepares students for the field's demands through rigorous study. Graduates can apply their knowledge and skills to a tourism-specific career or further studies in the subject.

Degree-seekers can access career services, academic advising, and other institutional resources throughout their studies. Students seeking to defray the costs of their degree can meet with a financial aid counselor to discuss funding opportunities and determine eligibility. Financial aid enables student success, with 98% of all students receiving aid and 58% of all enrollees graduating.

Arizona State University-Downtown Phoenix at a Glance:

Type of School: Public, 4-year or above

Admission Rate: 82%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 13-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $10,710

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $28,800

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $42,200

#2 Best Tourism Degrees

Brigham Young University-Hawaii

Brigham Young University-Hawaii, boasting a main campus in Laie, offers 66 bachelor's degrees across in-person and online learning modalities. The school's bachelor's in hospitality and tourism management program equips students with industry-relevant skills and knowledge through foundational and advanced coursework and experiential learning opportunities. After the program, students can apply their knowledge to a tourism career or graduate studies.

Learners can receive guidance throughout their studies through career services, academic advising, and other resources. Prospective applicants may be eligible for funding options, such as scholarships, fellowships, and grants.

Brigham Young University-Hawaii at a Glance:

Type of School: Private nonprofit, 4-year or above

Admission Rate: 97%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 16-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $5,720

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $5,720

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $35,600

#3 Best Tourism Degrees

Florida International University

Miami-based Florida International University supports both in-person and online learning across 78 bachelor's degrees. The school's bachelor of arts in global sustainable tourism prepares students for the demands of a tourism career through rigorous study, relevant coursework, and other learning opportunities. Graduates can also pivot to a master's program.

Undergraduate students benefit from institutional support throughout their studies in numerous areas. Scholarships, fellowships, and federal financial aid can help defray the costs of an undergraduate degree. The typical undergraduate receives an average of $8,958 in financial aid.

Florida International University at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 58%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 27-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $4,721

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $16,529

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $41,500

#4 Best Tourism Degrees

George Mason University

• Fairfax, VA

George Mason University, a leader in hybrid education, offers 70 bachelor's programs, three of which are available online. The online bachelor's in tourism and events management program connects students with industry-relevant knowledge and skillsets needed to succeed in the field. The program prepares enrollees for their postgraduate path, whether they pursue a tourism-specific career or graduate studies.

Degree candidates can access career services, academic advising, and other institutional resources throughout their studies. Scholarships, fellowships, and federal financial aid can help defray the costs of an undergraduate degree. The college reports that enrollees receive $6,524 in financial aid, on average.

George Mason University at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 87%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 17-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $9,060

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $32,520

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $47,000

#5 Best Tourism Degrees

Indiana University-Bloomington

• Bloomington, IN

Learners seeking flexible study can choose from in-person or online bachelor's programs at Indiana University-Bloomington. The school's bachelor of science in recreation equips students with industry-relevant skills and knowledge through foundational and advanced coursework and experiential learning opportunities. The program prepares students for the demands of a field or for graduate studies in the tourism market.

Students can access career services, academic advising, and other institutional resources throughout their studies. Enrollees can meet with the financial aid office to explore funding opportunities and determine eligibility. The college reports that 84% of all learners receive some form of financial aid, with $11,645 being the average award package.

Indiana University-Bloomington at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 78%

Undergrad Tuition In State: $9,575

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $35,140

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $44,200

#6 Best Tourism Degrees

Johnson & Wales University-Online

• Providence, RI

A leader in hybrid education, Johnson & Wales University-Online supports 16 bachelor's degrees, all of which are available online. Students seeking the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the tourism field can enroll in the school's online bachelor of science in tourism and hospitality management program. Graduates can pursue careers or postgraduate study relevant to the hospitality management field.

The college connects students with institutional resources throughout their studies. Learners can connect with the Office of Financial Aid to explore funding opportunities such as scholarships, fellowships, and federal financial aid.

Johnson & Wales University-Online at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 41%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 11-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $13,365

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $13,365

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $33,400

#7 Best Tourism Degrees

New York University

• New York, NY

Students looking for flexible study in dual modalities can choose from one of New York University's 137 bachelor's degrees. The bachelor of science in hotel and tourism management is an impressive online program, equipping enrollees with industry-relevant knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the tourism market. Graduates can pursue industry-relevant careers or go on to study at the graduate level.

The institution connects students with success-oriented resources, such as career services and academic advising, throughout their studies. Learners seeking to defray degree costs can meet with a financial aid counselor to discuss funding opportunities and determine eligibility.

New York University at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 16%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 9-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $50,684

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $50,684

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $55,900

#8 Best Tourism Degrees

Purdue University-Main Campus

• West Lafayette, IN

Purdue University-Main Campus, a leader in hybrid education, offers 145 bachelor's programs. The bachelor of science in hospitality and tourism management is one of many robust programs, equipping students with industry-relevant knowledge. Graduates can move into a career or further educational pursuits.

Students can benefit from institutional resources throughout their studies. Prospective applicants may be eligible for funding options, such as scholarships, fellowships, and grants. The institution reports that 65% of all enrollees receive aid, with an average financial aid package being $9,883.

Purdue University-Main Campus at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 60%

Undergrad Tuition In State: $9,208

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $28,010

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $49,000

#9 Best Tourism Degrees

Rochester Institute of Technology

• Rochester, NY

Rochester Institute of Technology, a leader in hybrid education, offers 85 bachelor's programs, three of which are available online. The school's bachelor of science in hospitality and tourism management equips students with industry-relevant skills and knowledge through foundational and advanced coursework and experiential learning opportunities. Graduates can pursue careers or postgraduate study relevant to the tourism field.

Throughout their studies, degree candidates can access institutional resources centering geared toward student success. Dedicated financial aid counselors can help learners understand their available education funding options, including scholarships, grants, and student loans.

Rochester Institute of Technology at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 71%

Undergrad Tuition In State: $44,049

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $44,049

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $50,600

#10 Best Tourism Degrees

Temple University

• Philadelphia, PA

Temple University boasts a robust hybrid learning environment, supporting both in-person and online education modalities across 137 bachelor's programs. One option includes the bachelor of science in tourism and hospitality management. After the program, students can pursue a hospitality management-specific career or graduate studies.

Learners can benefit from institutional resources throughout their studies. Scholarships, fellowships, and federal financial aid can help defray the costs of an undergraduate degree. The average student receives a financial aid award package of $8,964.

Temple University at a Glance:

Undergrad Tuition In State: $16,080

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $28,992

#11 Best Tourism Degrees

Texas A&M University-College Station

• College Station, TX

A leader in hybrid education, Texas A&M University-College Station supports 112 bachelor's degrees, including a bachelor's in recreation, park, and tourism sciences. The program equips students with industry-relevant skills and knowledge through foundational and advanced coursework and experiential learning opportunities. The program also prepares enrollees for the discipline needed to complete graduate studies.

The college connects learners with institutional resources throughout their studies. Scholarships, fellowships, and federal financial aid can help defray the costs of an undergraduate degree. Students receive an average of $10,115 in financial aid.

Texas A&M University-College Station at a Glance:

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 21-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $7,941

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $34,190

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $53,600

#12 Best Tourism Degrees

University of Hawaii-West Oahu

• Kapolei, HI

A leader in hybrid education, University of Hawaii-West Oahu offers six bachelor's degrees, three of which are available online. The school's bachelor of arts in business administration with a concentration in hospitality and tourism is an ideal choice for students seeking to advance in a tourism-related career. After the program, students can apply their knowledge to a career or graduate studies.

Career services and academic advising are just two of the numerous institutional resources centering around student success. Prospective applicants can connect with financial aid counselors to explore funding opportunities, determine eligibility, and apply for student loans. Financial aid enables student success, with 73% of all enrollees receiving aid and 28% of all degree-seekers graduating.

University of Hawaii-West Oahu at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 84%

Student-to-Faculty Ratio: 18-to-1

Undergrad Tuition In State: $7,344

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $20,304

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $38,300

#13 Best Tourism Degrees

University of Massachusetts-Amherst

• Amherst, MA

University of Massachusetts-Amherst provides 84 bachelor's degrees in dual modalities. The school's bachelor's in hospitality and tourism management is an ideal choice for students seeking to advance in the field. Graduates can pursue a tourism-related career or further their education.

Students can access career services, academic advising, and other institutional resources throughout their studies. Learners seeking to defray the costs of their degree can meet with a financial aid counselor to discuss funding opportunities and determine eligibility. The college's undergraduate cohort receives an average of $7,894 in financial aid award package, per person.

University of Massachusetts-Amherst at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 64%

Undergrad Tuition In State: $15,791

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $35,112

#14 Best Tourism Degrees

University of New Hampshire-Main Campus

University of New Hampshire-Main Campus  supports both in-person and online learning across 86 bachelor's degrees. The school offers a bachelor's in tourism management which, through a robust education, equips students with the skills needed to succeed in the field. The program also prepares students for the discipline needed to complete graduate studies.

The college supports enrollees through many institutional resources, including career services and academic advising. Prospective applicants can connect with financial aid counselors to explore funding opportunities, determine eligibility, and apply for student loans. Financial aid enables student success, with 90% of all enrollees receiving aid and 76% of all students graduating.

University of New Hampshire-Main Campus at a Glance:

Undergrad Tuition In State: $15,520

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $32,050

Average Alumni Earnings After Six Years: $44,900

#15 Best Tourism Degrees

University of Southern Maine

• Portland, ME

University of Southern Maine, a leader in hybrid education, offers 66 bachelor's programs, six of which are available online. The school's bachelor's in tourism and hospitality equips students with the skills needed to succeed in the field. Graduates can apply their knowledge and skills to a tourism-specific career or further studies in the subject.

Degree candidates benefit from institutional support throughout their studies. Dedicated financial aid counselors can help learners understand their available education funding options, including scholarships, grants, and student loans. Financial aid enables student success, with 97% of all learners receiving aid and 40% of all enrollees graduating.

University of Southern Maine at a Glance:

Admission Rate: 81%

Undergrad Tuition In State: $7,868

Undergrad Tuition Out of State: $20,692

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Laying the Foundation of Tourism Education

Tourism is one of the leading employers in the world but many of these workers are underskilled, operating in an informal labor market. Natalia Bayona explains how education can create a more sustainable tourism sector and empower young entrepreneurs.

It is well known that the ability of a structure to last over time depends on its foundation and how well it can resist and adapt to adversities and novelties, to expansion and contraction, and, yes, to natural disasters and pandemics. In fact, this principle can be applied to many components of society, from buildings and businesses to personal relationships. Foundations are built on the strength of communities, communications, civility, institutions, social values, economics, politics, and especially education.

For it is through education that individuals acquire the specific skills and knowledge that supports their personal career path and allows them to filter information, develop critical thinking, and add to the betterment of their community and society at large. The education of individuals is a key foundation for economic growth. A prime example of this is how education can positively impact one of the most human economic sectors: tourism.

A variety of skills are needed to be part of a competitive tourism sector, including customer service, marketing, storytelling, innovation, and entrepreneurship, and the ability to identify and harness the power of new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. Tourism is considered one of the leading employers in the world; by 2019 the sector had generated 7% of global trade and employed one in 10 people worldwide, especially women and young people.  And while the pandemic has put more than 100 million direct tourism jobs at risk , past crises – including the global economic crisis, volcanic eruptions, and the Swine Flu – have shown it to be a dynamically resilient sector.

High school students should have access to tourism-related electives that allow them to create their own businesses.

However, despite the prominence of tourism within the world economy, 50% of its professionals have only acquired secondary or soft skills. This scenario is not a major issue in the medium term. However, stagnated academic formation can perpetuate an informal labor market which is, while a tempting option due to the high percentage of uneducated workers in tourism, simply unsustainable in the long term. Additionally, the current Covid-19 crisis has highlighted the difficulties and shortages experienced by those who live thanks to this informal employment model. And furthermore, 50% of the youth in the tourism sector aspire to be entrepreneurs but most – particularly in emerging tourism destinations such as Brazil and Saudi Arabia – are unable to achieve this goal for lack of opportunity, tools, and resources, and access to academic training.

The solution to tourism’s informal labor market is a lifelong learning methodology in which online education helps scale the way people are educated. In order to create added value jobs and empower young leaders, we must develop an educational model that begins early, with helping kids understand the importance of tourism on society and embedding classes within the curriculum that teach skills related to tourism and hospitality. In addition, in those emerging countries where tourism is part of public policy strategy to become a relevant economic sector, high school students should have access to tourism-related electives that allow them to create their own businesses, and learn about how the industry is connected to or relies upon transport, gastronomy, arts, humanities, commerce, and sustainability.

In most cases, tourism is a complement to education, in contrast to other fields of knowledge that we learn about as early as primary school, such as social sciences, mathematics, languages, economics, arts, etc.  Rarely do we encounter elementary schools with tourism-focused vocational curricula, even in those regions with tourism-based economies. There is no reason to wait until students are aged 18 and graduating to start training them in tourism. Furthermore, imagine what would happen if tourism education was digitized accessible to those who have little opportunity?

Colombia is a success case. The country’s national program “ Colegios Amigos del Turismo ” includes tourism in the curriculum of hundreds of public schools in an effort to train Colombian talent in the country’s most important nontraditional economic sector.

The goal of creating a tourism education mindset is key if tourism is to truly play a significant role in driving employment and addressing modern-day needs, let alone lead the discussion of what kind of opportunity and future we want for youth around the world. One way to achieve this is through innovation and sustainable investment.

Israel may not be among the top three tourism destinations, but the country has channeled its strength in entrepreneurship and digital transformation to become one of the world’s top three tourism innovation ecosystems. In this way, new ventures and technology focused on tourism have added valuable jobs to the sector.  The importance that Israel lends to training in innovation is embedded in the country’s education mindset – particularly through the compulsory military service – and, yes, this training has a positive effect on the tourism sector. But, what if there were also an education model specifically geared toward tourism? We would be providing future tourism workers with hard skills and primary skills that would render the sector better trained, more competitive, and focused on sustainability, inclusivity, profit, and prosperity.

Another educational framework worth investigating can be found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which was closed to tourism until just a few years ago. The government has since created a public policy that prioritizes tourism in an effort to diversify the economy and provide new employment opportunities for citizens. Thanks to the policy, the country has the potential to become a strong touristic hotspot.

 If there is no training in tourism, the circle of poverty will continue and young people will be forced to opt for informal, poorly paid, and occasional employment.

Saudi Arabia currently has the most ambitious tourism education strategy, with the government investing in the first global tourism academy in partnership with the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The aim of the partnership is to have national and international talent in Saudi Arabia train with renowned vocational and managerial institutions and practice their skills in the biggest investment tourism project in the world: Qiddiya, a USD10 billion tourist project that includes five-star hotels, amusement parks, cultural attractions, lifestyle, and wellbeing.

It is clear that a strong and educated tourism sector can become drive economic relevance and impact, and sustainable development. Moreover, it has the potential to serve as the livelihood for millions of families seeking to lift themselves out of poverty. But in order for this to happen, a youth-led sustainable tourism model must be in place. This requires access to quality tourism education because if there is no training in tourism, the circle of poverty will continue and young people will be forced to opt for informal, poorly paid, and occasional employment.

It is important to also acknowledge that tourism education is the gateway to sustainability, specifically sustainability as a business. The creation of sustainable tourism businesses is only possible once the sector’s professionals acquire hard-skills, and can take advantage of governmental tax incentives that reduce environmental impact, lower pollution, foster green infrastructure, and curb environmentally damaging behaviors.

For example, Costa Rica is focused on preserving biodiversity, offering economic incentives to investors who bring in responsible companies that work with local communities and empower those communities through education, thereby making the tourism business more impactful, resilient, and inclusive.

For the first time in history, due to Covid-19, international borders were closed. With the lockdown, tourism came to a screeching halt and so did a part of our education. As we now begin to travel again, we have a unique opportunity to rethink and reset the tourism model and empower education as a way to increase training, reduce labor informality, reduce poverty, and enable countries to enter the global market via tourism and hospitality. The priority must be to bring about a more innovative, inclusive, and sustainable tourism sector in which youth are the protagonists.

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Chapter 1. History and Overview

Learning Objectives

• Specify the commonly understood definitions of tourism and tourist
• Classify tourism into distinct industry groups using North American Industry Classification Standards (NAICS)
• Define hospitality  
• Gain knowledge about the origins of the tourism industry
• Provide an overview of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism worldwide
• Understand the history of tourism development in Canada and British Columbia
• Analyze the value of tourism in Canada and British Columbia
• Identify key industry associations and understand their mandates

What Is Tourism?

Before engaging in a study of tourism , let’s have a closer look at what this term means.

Definition of Tourism

There are a number of ways tourism can be defined, and for this reason, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)  embarked on a project from 2005 to 2007 to create a common glossary of terms for tourism. It defines tourism as follows:

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure ( United Nations World Tourism Organization , 2008).

Using this definition, we can see that tourism is the movement of people for a number of purposes (whether business or pleasure).

Definition of Tourist

Building on the definition of tourism, a commonly accepted description of a  tourist is “someone who travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for business or leisure or other reasons” (LinkBC, 2008, p.8). The United Nations World Tourism Organization (1995) helps us break down this definition further by stating tourists can be:

• Domestic (residents of a given country travelling only within that country)
• Inbound (non-residents travelling in a given country)
• Outbound (residents of one country travelling in another country)

The scope of tourism, therefore, is broad and encompasses a number of activities.

Spotlight On: United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

UNWTO is the United Nations agency responsible “for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism” (UNWTO, 2014b). Its membership includes 156 countries and over 400 affiliates such as private companies and non-governmental organizations. It promotes tourism as a way of developing communities while encouraging ethical behaviour to mitigate negative impacts. For more information, visit the UNWTO website : http://www2.unwto.org/.

NAICS: The North American Industry Classification System

Given the sheer size of the tourism industry, it can be helpful to break it down into broad industry groups using a common classification system. The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) was jointly created by the Canadian, US, and Mexican governments to ensure common analysis across all three countries (British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Skills Training, 2013a). The tourism-related groupings created using NAICS are (in alphabetical order):

• Accommodation
• Food and beverage services (commonly known as “F & B”)
• Recreation and entertainment
• Transportation
• Travel services

These industry groups are based on the similarity of the “labour processes and inputs” used for each (Government of Canada, 2013). For instance, the types of employees and resources required to run an accommodation business — whether it be a hotel, motel, or even a campground — are quite similar. All these businesses need staff to check in guests, provide housekeeping, employ maintenance workers, and provide a place for people to sleep. As such, they can be grouped together under the heading of accommodation. The same is true of the other four groupings, and the rest of this text explores these  industry groups, and other aspects of tourism, in more detail. 

The Hospitality Industry

When looking at tourism it’s important to consider the term  hospitality . Some define hospitality as “t he business of helping people to feel welcome and relaxed and to enjoy themselves” (Discover Hospitality, 2015, ¶ 3). Simply put, the hospitality industry is the combination of the accommodation and food and beverage groupings, collectively making up the largest segment of the industry. You’ll learn more about accommodations and F & B in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, respectively. 

Before we seek to understand the five industry groupings in more detail, it’s important to have an overview of the history and impacts of tourism to date.

Global Overview

Origins of tourism.

Travel for leisure purposes has evolved from an experience reserved for very few people into something enjoyed by many. Historically, the ability to travel was reserved for royalty and the upper classes. From ancient Roman times through to the 17th century, young men of high standing were encouraged to travel through Europe on a “grand tour” (Chaney, 2000). Through the Middle Ages, many societies encouraged the practice of religious pilgrimage, as reflected in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and other literature.

The word hospitality  predates the use of the word tourism , and first appeared in the 14th century. It is derived from the Latin hospes , which encompasses the words guest, host , and foreigner (Latdict, 2014). The word tourist  appeared in print much later, in 1772 (Griffiths and Griffiths, 1772). William Theobald suggests that the word  tour  comes from Greek and Latin words for circle and turn, and that tourism and tourist  represent the activities of   circling away from home, and then returning (Theobald, 1998).

Tourism Becomes Business

Cox & Kings, the first known travel agency, was founded in 1758 when Richard Cox became official travel agent of the British Royal Armed Forces (Cox & Kings, 2014).  Almost 100 years later, in June 1841, Thomas Cook opened the first leisure travel agency, designed to help Britons improve their lives by seeing the world and participating in the temperance movement. In 1845, he ran his first commercial packaged tour, complete with cost-effective railway tickets and a printed guide (Thomas Cook, 2014).

The continued popularity of rail travel and the emergence of the automobile presented additional milestones in the development of tourism. In fact, a long journey taken by Karl Benz’s wife in 1886 served to kick off interest in auto travel and helped to publicize his budding car company, which would one day become Mercedes Benz (Auer, 2006). We take a closer look at the importance of car travel later this chapter, and of transportation to the tourism industry in Chapter 2.

Fast forward to 1952 with the first commercial air flights from London, England, to Johannesburg, South Africa, and Colombo, Sri Lanka (Flightglobal, 2002) and the dawn of the jet age, which many herald as the start of the modern tourism industry. The 1950s also saw the creation of Club Méditérannée (Gyr, 2010) and similar club holiday destinations, the precursor of today’s all-inclusive resorts.

The decade that followed is considered to have been a significant period in tourism development, as more travel companies came onto the scene, increasing competition for customers and moving toward “mass tourism, introducing new destinations and modes of holidaying” (Gyr, 2010, p. 32).

Industry growth has been interrupted at several key points in history, including World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II. At the start of this century, global events thrust international travel into decline including the September 11, 2001, attack on the World Trade Center in New York City (known as 9/11), the war in Iraq, perceived threat of future terrorist attacks, and health scares including SARS, BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), and West Nile virus (Government of Canada, 2006).

At the same time, the industry began a massive technological shift as increased internet use revolutionized travel services. Through the 2000s, online travel bookings grew exponentially, and by 2014 global leader Expedia had expanded to include brands such as Hotels.com, the Hotwire Group, trivago, and Expedia CruiseShip Centers, earning revenues of over $4.7 million (Expedia Inc., 2013).

A more in-depth exploration of the impact of the online marketplace, and other trends in global tourism, is provided in Chapter 14. But as you can already see, the impacts of the global tourism industry today are impressive and far reaching. Let’s have a closer look at some of these outcomes.

Tourism Impacts

Tourism impacts can be grouped into three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations.

Economic Impacts

According to a UNWTO report, in 2011, “international tourism receipts exceeded US$1 trillion for the first time” (UNWTO, 2012). UNWTO Secretary-General Taleb Rifai stated this excess of $1 trillion was especially important news given the global economic crisis of 2008, as tourism could help rebuild still-struggling economies, because it is a key export and labour intensive (UNWTO, 2012). 

Tourism around the world is now worth over $1 trillion annually, and it’s a growing industry almost everywhere. Regions with the highest growth in terms of tourism dollars earned are the Americas, Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and Africa. Only the Middle East posted negative growth at the time of the report (UNWTO, 2012).

While North and South America are growing the fastest, Europe continues to lead the way in terms of overall percentage of dollars earned (UNWTO, 2012):

• Europe (45%)
• Asia and the Pacific (28%)
• North and South America (19%)
• Middle East (4%)

Global industry growth and high receipts are expected to continue. In its August 2014 expenditure barometer, the UNWTO found worldwide visitation had increased by 22 million people in the first half of the year over the previous year, to reach 517 million visits (UNWTO, 2014a). As well, the UNWTO’s  Tourism 2020 Vision predicts that  international arrivals will reach nearly 1.6 billion by 2020 . Read more about the Tourism 2020 Vision : http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/abs/10.18111/9789284403394

Social Impacts

In addition to the economic benefits of tourism development, positive social impacts include an increase in amenities (e.g., parks, recreation facilities), investment in arts and culture, celebration of First Nations people, and community pride. When developed conscientiously, tourism can, and does, contribute to a positive quality of life for residents.

However, as identified by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2003a), negative social impacts of tourism can include:

• Change or loss of indigenous identity and values
• Culture clashes
• Physical causes of social stress (increased demand for resources)
• Ethical issues (such as an increase in sex tourism or the exploitation of child workers)

Some of these issues are explored in further detail in Chapter 12, which examines the development of Aboriginal tourism in British Columbia.

Environmental Impacts

Tourism relies on, and greatly impacts, the natural environment in which it operates. Even though many areas of the world are conserved in the form of parks and protected areas, tourism development can have severe negative impacts. According to UNEP (2003b), these can include:

• Depletion of natural resources (water, forests, etc.)
• Pollution (air pollution, noise, sewage, waste and littering)
• Physical impacts (construction activities, marina development, trampling, loss of biodiversity)

The environmental impacts of tourism can reach outside local areas and have an effect on the global ecosystem. One example is increased air travel, which is a major contributor to climate change. Chapter 10 looks at the environmental impacts of tourism in more detail.

Whether positive or negative, tourism is a force for change around the world, and the industry is transforming at a staggering rate. But before we delve deeper into our understanding of tourism, let’s take a look at the development of the sector in our own backyard.

Canada Overview

Origins of tourism in canada.

Tourism has long been a source of economic development for our country. Some argue that as early as 1534 the explorers of the day, such as Jacques Cartier, were Canada’s first tourists (Dawson, 2004), but most agree the major developments in Canada’s tourism industry followed milestones in the transportation sector: by rail, by car, and eventually, in the skies.

Railway Travel: The Ties That Bind

The dawn of the railway age in Canada came midway through the 19th century. The first railway was launched in 1836 (Library and Archives Canada, n.d.), and by the onset of World War I in 1914, four railways dominated the Canadian landscape: Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), Canadian Northern Railway (CNOR), the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), and the Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP). Unfortunately, their rapid expansion soon brought the last three into near bankruptcy (Library and Archives Canada, n.d.).

In 1923, these three rail companies were amalgamated into the Canadian National Railway (CNR), and together with the CPR, these trans-continentals dominated the Canadian travel landscape until other forms of transportation became more popular. In 1978, with declining interest in rail travel, the CPR and CNR were forced to combine their passenger services to form VIA Rail (Library and Archives Canada, n.d.).

The Rise of the Automobile

The rising popularity of car travel was partially to blame for the decline in rail travel, although it took time to develop. When the first cross-country road trip took place in 1912, there were only 16 kilometres of paved road across Canada (MacEachern, 2012). Cars were initially considered a nuisance, and the National Parks Branch banned entry to automobiles, but later slowly began to embrace them. By the 1930s, some parks, such as Cape Breton Highlands National Park, were actually created to provide visitors with scenic drives (MacEachern, 2012).

It would take decades before a coast-to-coast highway was created, with the Trans-Canada Highway officially opening in Revelstoke in 1962. When it was fully completed in 1970, it was the longest national highway in the world, spanning one-fifth of the globe (MacEachern, 2012).

Early Tourism Promotion

As early as 1892, enterprising Canadians like the Brewsters became the country’s first tour operators, leading guests through areas such as Banff National Park (Brewster Travel Canada, 2014). Communities across Canada developed their own marketing strategies as transportation development took hold. For instance, the town of Maisonneuve in Quebec launched a campaign from 1907 to 1915 calling itself “Le Pittsburg du Canada.” And by 1935 Quebec was spending $250,000 promoting tourism, with Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia also enjoying established provincial tourism bureaus (Dawson, 2004).

National Airlines

Our national airline, Air Canada, was formed in 1937 as Trans-Canada Air Lines. In many ways, Air Canada was a world leader in passenger aviation, introducing the world’s first computerized reservations system in 1963 ( Globe and Mail , 2014). Through the 1950s and 1960s, reduced airfares saw increased mass travel. Competitors including Canadian Pacific (which became Canadian Airlines in 1987) began to launch international flights during this time to Australia, Japan, and South America ( Canadian Geographic, 2000). By 2000, Air Canada was facing financial peril and forced to restructure. A numbered company, owned in part by Air Canada, purchased 82% of Canadian Airline’s shares, with the result of Air Canada becoming the country’s only national airline ( Canadian Geographic, 2000).

Parks and Protected Areas

A look at the evolution of tourism in Canada would be incomplete without a quick study of our national parks and protected areas. The official conserving of our natural spaces began around the same time as the railway boom, and in 1885 Banff was established as Canada’s first national park. By 1911, the Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act created the Dominion Parks Branch, the first of its kind in the world (Shoalts, 2011).

The systemic conservation and celebration of Canada’s parks over the next century would help shape Canada’s identity, both at home and abroad. Through the 1930s, conservation officers and interpreters were hired to enhance visitor experiences. By 1970, the National Park System Plan divided Canada into 39 regions, with the goal of preserving each distinct ecosystem for future generations. In 1987, the country’s first national marine park was established in Ontario, and in the 20 years that followed, 10 new national parks and marine conservation areas were created (Shoalts, 2011).

The role of parks and protected areas in tourism is explored in greater detail in Chapter 5 (recreation) and Chapter 10 (environmental stewardship).

Global Shock and Industry Decline

As with the global industry, Canada’s tourism industry was impacted by world events such as the Great Depression and the World Wars.

More recently, global events such as 9/11, the SARS outbreak, and the war in Iraq took their toll on tourism receipts. Worldwide arrivals to Canada dropped 1% to 694 million in 2003, after three years of stagnant growth. In 2005, spending reached $61.4 billion with domestic travel accounting for 71% (Government of Canada, 2006).

Tourism in Canada Today

In 2011, tourism created $78.8 billion in total economic activity and 603,400 jobs. Tourism accounted for more of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP) than agriculture, forestry, and fisheries combined (Tourism Industry Association of Canada, 2014).

Spotlight On: The Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC)

Founded in 1930 and based in Ottawa, the Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC) is the national private-sector advocate for the industry. Its goal is to support policies and programs that help the industry grow, while representing over 400 members including airports, concert halls, festivals and events, travel services providers, and businesses of all sizes. For more information, visit the Tourism Industry Association of Canada’s website : http://tiac.travel/About.html

Unfortunately, while overall receipts from tourism appear healthy, and globally the industry is growing, according to a recent report, Canada’s historic reliance on the US market (which traditionally accounts for 75% of our market) is troubling. Because three out of every four international visitors to Canada originates in the United States, the 55% decline in that market since 2000 is being very strongly felt here. Many feel the decline in American visitors to Canada can be attributed to tighter passport and border regulations, the economic downturn (including the 2008 global economic crisis), and a stronger Canadian dollar (TIAC, 2014).

Despite disappointing numbers from the United States, Canada continues to see strong visitation from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, and China. In 2011, we welcomed 3,180,262 tourists from our top 15 inbound countries (excluding the United States). Canadians travelling domestically accounted for 80% of tourism revenues in the country, and TIAC suggested that a focus on rebounding US visitation would help grow the industry (TIAC, 2014).

Spotlight On: The Canadian Tourism Commission

Housed in Vancouver, Destination Canada , previously the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC), is responsible for promoting Canada in several foreign markets: Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It works with private companies, travel services providers, meeting professionals, and government organizations to help leverage Canada’s tourism brand,  Canada. Keep Exploring . It also conducts research and has a significant image library (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2014). For more information, visit  Destination Canada website : http://en.destinationcanada.com/about-ctc.

As organizations like TIAC work to confront barriers to travel, the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC) is active abroad, encouraging more visitors to explore our country. In Chapter 8, we’ll delve more into the challenges and triumphs of selling tourism at home and abroad.

The great news for British Columbia is that once in Canada, most international visitors tend to remain in the province they landed in, and BC is one of three provinces that receives the bulk of this traffic (TIAC, 2012). In fact, BC’s tourism industry is one of the healthiest in Canada today. Let’s have a look at how our provincial industry was established and where it stands now.

British Columbia Overview

Origins of tourism in bc.

As with the history of tourism in Canada, it’s often stated that the first tourists to BC were explorers. In 1778, Captain James Cook touched down on Vancouver Island, followed by James Douglas in 1842, a British agent who had been sent to find new headquarters for the Hudson’s Bay Company, ultimately choosing Victoria. Through the 1860s, BC’s gold rush attracted prospectors from around the world, with towns and economies springing up along the trail (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009).

Railway Travel: Full Steam Ahead!

The development of BC’s tourism industry began in earnest in the late 1800s when the CPR built accommodation properties along itsnewly completed trans-Canada route, capturing revenues from overnight stays to help alleviate their increasing corporate debt. Following the 1886 construction of small lodges at stops in Field, Rogers Pass, and Fraser Canyon, the CPR opened the Hotel Vancouver in May 1887 (Dawson, 2004).

As opposed to Atlantic Canada, where tourism promotion centred around attracting hunters and fishermen for a temporary infusion of cash, in British Columbia tourism was seen as a way to lure farmers and settlers to stay in the new province. Industry associations began to form quickly: the Tourist Association of Victoria (TAV) in February 1902, and the Vancouver Tourist Association in June of the same year (Dawson, 2004).

Many of the campaigns struck by these and other organizations between 1890 and 1930 centred on the province’s natural assets, as people sought to escape modern convenience and enjoy the environment. A collaborative group called the Pacific Northwest Travel Association (BC, Washington, and Oregon) promoted “The Pacific Northwest: The World’s Greatest Out of Doors,” calling BC “The Switzerland of North America.” Promotions like these seemed to have had an effect: in 1928, over 370,000 tourists visited Victoria, spending over $3.5 million (Dawson, 2004).

The Great Depression and World War II

As the world’s economy was sent into peril during the Great Depression in the 1930s, tourism was seen as an economic solution. A newly renamed Greater Victoria Publicity Bureau touted a “100 for 1” multiplier effect of tourism spending, with visitor revenues accounting for around 13.5% of BC’s income in 1930. By 1935, an organization known as the TTDA (Tourist Trade Development Association of Victoria and Vancouver Island) looked to create a more stable industry through strategies to increase visitors’ length of stay (Dawson, 2004).

In 1937, the provincial Bureau of Industrial and Tourist Development (BITD) was formed through special legislation with a goal of increasing tourist traffic. By 1938, the organization changed its name to the British Columbia Government Travel Bureau (BCGTB) and was granted a budget increase to $105,000. This was soon followed by an expansion of the BC Tourist Council designed to solicit input from across the province. And in 1939, Vancouver welcomed the King and Queen of England and celebrated the opening of the Lions Gate Bridge, activities that reportedly bolstered tourism numbers (Dawson, 2004).

The December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii had negative repercussions for tourism on the Pacific Rim and was responsible for an era of decreased visitation to British Columbia, despite attempts by some to market the region as exciting. From 1939 to 1943, US visits to Vancouver (measured at the border) dropped from over 307,000 to approximately 183,600. Just two years later, however, that number jumped to 369,250, the result of campaigns like the 1943 initiative aimed at Americans that marketed BC as “comrades in war” (Dawson, 2004).

Post-War Rebound

We, with all due modesty, cannot help but claim that we are entering British Columbia’s half-century, and cannot help but observe that B.C. also stands for BOOM COUNTRY. – Phil Gagliardi, BC Minister of Highways, 1955 (Dawson, 2004, p.190)

A burst of post-war spending began in 1946, and although short-lived, was supported by steady government investment in marketing throughout the 1950s. As tourism grew in BC, however, so did competition for US dollars from Mexico, the Caribbean, and Europe. The decade that followed saw an emphasis on promoting BC’s history, its “Britishness,” and a commodification of Aboriginal culture. The BCGTB began marketing efforts to extend the travel season, encouraging travel in September, prime fishing season. It also tried to push visitors to specific areas, including the Lower Fraser Valley, the Okanagan-Fraser Canyon Loop, and the Kamloops-Cariboo region (Dawson, 2004).

In 1954, Vancouver hosted the British Empire Games, investing in the construction of Empire Stadium. A few years later, an increased emphasis on events and convention business saw the Greater Vancouver Tourist Association change its name in 1962 to the Greater Vancouver Visitors and Convention Bureau (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009).

The ski industry was also on the rise: in 1961, the lodge and chairlift on Tod Mountain (now Sun Peaks) opened, and Whistler followed suit five years later (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009). Ski partners became pioneers of collaborative marketing in the province with the foundation of the Ski Marketing Advisory Committee (SMAC) supported by Tod Mountain and Big White, evolving into today’s Canada’s West Ski Area Association (Magnes, 2010). This pioneer spirit was evident across the ski sector: the entire sport of heliskiing was invented by Hans Gosmer of BC’s Canadian Mountain Holidays, and today the province holds 90% of the world’s heliskiing market share (McLeish, 2014).

The concept of collaboration extended throughout the province as innovative funding structures saw the cost of marketing programs shared between government and industry in BC. These programs were distributed through regional channels (originally eight regions in the province), and considered “the most constructive and forward looking plan of its kind in Canada” (Dawson 2004, p.194).

Tourism in BC continued to grow through the 1970s. In 1971, the Hotel Room Tax Act was introduced, allowing for a 5% tax to be collected on room nights with the funds collected to be put toward marketing and development. By 1978, construction had begun on Whistler Village, with Blackcomb Mountain opening two years later (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009). Funding programs in the late 1970s and early 1980s such as the Canada BC Tourism Agreement (CBCTA) and Travel Industry Development Subsidiary Agreement (TIDSA) allowed communities to invest in projects that would make them more attractive tourism destinations. In the mountain community of Kimberley, for instance, the following improvements were implemented through a $3.1 million forgivable loan: a new road to the ski resort, a covered tennis court, a mountain lodge, an alpine slide, and nine more holes for the golf course (e-Know, 2011).

Around the same time, the “Super, Natural British Columbia” brand was introduced, and a formal bid was approved for Vancouver to host a fair then known as Transpo 86 (later Expo 86). Tourism in the province was about to truly take off.

Expo 86 and Beyond

By the time the world fair Expo 86 came to a close in October 1986, it had played host to 20,111,578 guests. Infrastructure developments, including rapid rail, airport improvements, a new trade and convention centre at Canada Place (with a cruise ship terminal), and hotel construction, had positioned the city and the province for further growth (PricewaterhouseCooopers, 2009). The construction and opening of the Coquihalla Highway through to 1990 enhanced the travel experience and reduced travel times to vast sections of the province (Magnes, 2010).

Take a Closer Look: The Value of Tourism

Tourism Vancouver Island, with the support of many partners, has created a website that directly addresses the value of tourism in the region. The site looks at the economics of tourism, social benefits of tourism, and a “what’s your role?” feature that helps users understand where they fit in. Explore the Tourism Vancouver Island website : http://valueoftourism.ca/.

By 2000, Vancouver International Airport (YVR) was named number one in the world by the International Air Transport Association’s survey of international passengers. Five years later, the airport welcomed a record 16.4 million passengers (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009).

Going for Gold

In 2003, the International Olympic Committee named Vancouver/Whistler as the host city for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. Infrastructure development followed, including the expansion of the Sea-to-Sky Highway, the creation of Vancouver Convention Centre West, and the construction of the Canada Line, a rapid transport line connecting the airport with the city’s downtown.

As BC prepared to host the Games, its international reputation continued to grow. Vancouver was voted “Best City in the Americas” by Condé Nast Traveller magazine three years in a row. Kelowna was named “Best Canadian Golf City” by Canada’s largest golf magazine, and BC was named the “Best Golf Destination in North America” by the International Association of Golf Tour Operators. Kamloops, known as Canada’s Tournament City, hosted over 100 sports tournaments that same year, and nearby Sun Peaks Resort was named the “Best Family Resort in North America” by the Great Skiing and Snowboarding Guide in 2008 (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009).

By the time the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Games took place, over 80 participating countries, 6,000 athletes, and 3 billion viewers put British Columbia on centre stage.

Spotlight On: Destination British Columbia

Destination BC is a Crown corporation founded in November 2012 by the Government of British Columbia. Its mandate includes marketing the province as a tourist destination (at home and around the world), promoting the development and growth of the industry, providing advice and recommendations to the tourism minister on related matters, and enhancing public awareness of tourism and its economic value to British Columbia (Province of British Columbia, 2013b).

Tourism in BC Today

Building on the momentum generated by hosting the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, tourism in BC remains big business. In 2012, the industry generated $13.5 billion in revenue.

The provincial industry is made up of over 18,000 businesses, the majority of which are SMEs (small to medium enterprises), and together they employ approximately 127,300 people (Tourism Industry Association of BC, 2014). It may surprise you to learn that in British Columbia, tourism provides more jobs than high tech, oil and gas, mining, and forestry (Porges, 2014).

Spotlight On: The Tourism Industry Association of BC

Founded in 1993 as the Council of Tourism Associations, today the Tourism Industry Association of BC (TIABC) is a not-for-profit trade association comprising members from private sector tourism businesses, industry associations, and destination marketing organizations (DMOs). Its goal is to ensure the best working environment for a competitive tourism industry. It hosts industry networking events and engages in advocacy efforts as “the voice of the BC tourism industry.” Students are encouraged to join TIABC to take advantage of their connections and receive a discount at numerous industry events. For more information, visit the Tourism Industry Association of BC’s website : http://www.tiabc.ca/student-membership

One of the challenges for BC’s tourism industry, it has long been argued, is fragmentation. Back in September 1933, an article in the Victoria Daily Times argued for more coordination across organizations in order to capitalize on what they saw as Canada’s “largest dividend payer” (Dawson, 2004). Today, more than 80 years later, you will often hear BC tourism professionals say the same thing.

On the other hand, some experts believe that the industry is simply a model of diversity, acknowledging that tourism is a compilation of a multitude of businesses, services, organizations, and communities. They see the ways in which these components are working together toward success, rather than focusing on friction between the groups.

Many communities are placing a renewed focus on educating the general public and other businesses about the value of tourism and the ways in which stakeholders work together. The following case study highlights this in more detail:

Take a Closer Look: Tourism Pays in Richmond, BC

The community of Richmond, BC, brings to life the far-reaching positive economic effects of tourism in action. Watch the short video called “Tourism Pays” to see what we mean!: http://vimeo.com/31624689

Throughout the rest of this textbook, you’ll have a chance to learn more about the history and current outlook for tourism in BC, with in-depth coverage of some of the triumphs and challenges we’ve faced as an industry. You will also learn about the Canadian and global contexts of the tourism industry’s development.

As we’ve seen in this chapter, tourism is a complex set of industries including accommodation, recreation and entertainment, food and beverage services, transportation, and travel services. It encompasses domestic, inbound, and outbound travel for business, leisure, or other purposes. And because of this large scope, tourism development requires participation from all walks of life, including private business, governmental agencies, educational institutions, communities, and citizens.

Recognizing the diverse nature of the industry and the significant contributions tourism makes toward economic and social value for British Columbians is important. There remains a great deal of work to better educate members of the tourism industry, other sectors, and the public about the ways tourism contributes to our province.

Given this opportunity for greater awareness, it is hoped that students like you will help share this information as you learn more about the sector. So let’s begin our exploration in Chapter 2 with a closer look at a critical sector: transportation.

• British Columbia Government Travel Bureau ( BCGTB) : the first recognized provincial government organization responsible for the tourism marketing of British Columbia
• Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) : a national railway company widely regarded as establishing tourism in Canada and BC in the late 1800s and early 1900s
• Destination BC: the provincial destination marketing organization (DMO) responsible for tourism marketing and development in BC, formerly known as Tourism BC
• Destination Canada: the national government Crown corporation responsible for marketing Canada abroad, formerly known as the Canadian Tourism Commission (CTC)
• Destination marketing organization (DMO):  also known as a destination management organization; includes national tourism boards, state/provincial tourism offices, and community convention and visitor bureaus
• Diversity: a term used by some in the industry to describe the makeup of the industry in a positive way; acknowledging that tourism is a diverse compilation of a multitude of businesses, services, organizations, and communities
• Fragmentation: a phenomenon observed by some industry insiders whereby the tourism industry is unable to work together toward common marketing and lobbying (policy-setting) objectives
• Hospitality:  the accommodations and food and beverage industry groupings
• North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) : a way to group tourism activities based on similarities in business practices, primarily used for statistical analysis
• Tourism:  the business of attracting and serving the needs of people travelling and staying outside their home communities for business and pleasure
• Tourism Industry Association of BC ( TIABC) : a membership-based advocacy group formerly known as the Council of Tourism Associations of BC (COTA)
• Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC): the national industry advocacy group
• Tourist:  someone who travels at least 80 kilometres from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for business or pleasure or other reasons; can be further classified as domestic, inbound, or outbound
• United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) : UN agency responsible for promoting responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism worldwide
• List the three types of tourist and provide an example of each.
• What is the UNWTO? Visit its website, and name one recent project or study the organization has undertaken.
• List the five industry groups according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Using your  understanding of tourism as an industry, create your own definition and classification of tourism. What did you add? What did you take out? Why?
• In 2011, how much money was generated by tourism worldwide? What percentage of this money was collected in Europe? Where was the least amount of money collected?
• According to UNEP, what are the four types of negative environmental tourism impact? For each of these, list an example in your own community.
• What major transportation developments gave rise to the tourism industry in Canada?
• Historically, what percentage of international visitors to Canada are from the United States? Why is this an important issue today?
• Name three key events in the history of BC tourism that resonate with you. Why do you find these events of interest?
• Watch the video in the “Take a Closer Look” feature on Richmond. Now think about the value of tourism in your community. How might this be communicated to local residents? List two ways you will contribute to communicating the value of tourism this semester. 
• Choose one article or document from the reference list below and read it in detail. Report back to the class about what you’ve learned.

Case Study: Tourism – Canada’s Surprise Blind Spot

In a 2014 episode of the Voice of Canadian Business , the Canadian Chamber of Commerce’s podcast, host Mary Anne Carter sat down with Greg Klassen, the CTC’s president and CEO, and Michele Saran, executive director of Business Events Canada. Their discussion highlighted the reasons Canada is struggling to remain competitive within the sector, and underscores the role and impact Canada’s tourism industry has on the economy.Listen to the 14-minute podcast on tourism in Canada and answer the following questions: www.chamber.ca/media/pictures-videos/140407-podcast-tourism/

• Why are governments around the world starting to invest in tourism infrastructure? What does this mean for the competitive environment for Canada’s tourism product?
• How do we compare to the United States as a destination for business travel?
• According to Greg, why is the $200 million investment in Brand USA a “double-edged sword” for tourism in Canada? What is beneficial about this? Why does it make things more difficult?
• What is the relationship between tourism and people’s understanding of a country’s image?
• What ranking is Canada’s brand? What other industries are affected by this brand?
• Describe one activity the CTC participates in to sell Canadian tourism product abroad.
• Name two “sectors of excellence” for Canada. Why is the CTC focussing their business events sales strategies on these industries?
• What does the CTC consider to be the benefits of Vancouver hosting the 2014 and 2015 TED conferences?

Brewster Travel Canada. (2014). About Us – Brewster History . Retrieved from http://www.brewster.ca/corporate/about-brewster/brewster-history/

British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Skills Training . (2013a). BC Stats: Industry Classification . Retrieved from http://www.bcstats.gov.bc.ca/StatisticsBySubject/BusinessIndustry/IndustryClassification.aspx

British Columbia Ministry of Jobs, Tourism and Skills Training. (2013b). Bill 3 – 2013: Destination BC Corp Act . Retrieved from https://www.leg.bc.ca/39th5th/1st_read/gov03-1.htm

Canadian Geographic . (2000, September). Flying through time: Canadian aviation history . Retrieved from http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/so00/aviation_history.asp

Canadian Tourism Commission. (2014). About the CTC. Retrieved from http://en-corporate.canada.travel/about-ctc

Chaney, Edward. (2000). The evolution of the grand tour: Anglo-Italian cultural relations since the Renaissance . Portland OR: Routledge.

Cox & Kings. (2014). About us – History. Retrieved from http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history

Dawson, Michael. (2004). Selling British Columbia: Tourism and consumer culture, 1890-1970 . Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.

Discover Hospitality. (2015). What is hospitality? Retrieved from http://discoverhospitality.com.au/what-is-hospitality/

e-Know. (2011, November). Ogilvie’s past in lock step with last 50 years of Kimberley’s history. Retrieved from www.e-know.ca/news/ogilvie’s-past-in-lock-step-with-last-50-years-of-kimberley’s-history/

Expedia, Inc. (2013). Expedia: Annual report 2013. [PDF] Retrieved from http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/EXPE/3546131959x0x750253/48AF365A-F894-4E9C-8F4A-8AB11FEE8D2A/EXPE_2013_Annual_Report.PDF

Flightglobal. (2002). Sixty years of the jet age. Retrieved from http://www.flightglobal.com/features/jet-age/

Globe and Mail, The. (2014, March 28). Ten things you don’t know about Air Canada. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/travel-news/10-things-you-likely-dont-know-about-air-canada/article17725796/?page=all

Government of Canada. (2006). Building a national tourism strategy. [PDF] Retrieved from https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/034.nsf/vwapj/tourism_e.pdf/$FILE/tourism_e.pdf

Government of Canada. (2013, July 5). Appendix E: Tourism industries in the human resource module . Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/13-604-m/2013072/appe-anne-eng.htm

Griffiths, Ralph, Griffiths, G. E. (1772). Pennant’s tour in Scotland in 1769. The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal XLVI : 150 . Retrieved from Google Books . 

Gyr, Ueli. (2010, December 3). The history of tourism: Structures on the path to modernity. European History Online (EHO). Retrieved from http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/the-history-of-tourism

Latin definition for hospes, hospitis. (2014).In Latdict – Latin Dictionary and Grammar Resources .  Retrieved from http://www.latin-dictionary.net/definition/22344/hospes-hospitis

Library and Archives Canada. (n.d.). Ties that bind: Essay.   A brief history of railways in Canada.  Retrieved from http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/trains/021006-1000-e.html

LinkBC. (2008). Transforming communities through tourism: A handbook for community tourism champions. [PDF] Retrieved from http://linkbc.ca/siteFiles/85/files/TCTT.pdf

MacEachern, A. (2012, August 17). Goin’ down the road: The story of the first cross-Canada car trip. The Globe and Mail . Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/goin-down-the-road-the-story-of-the-first-cross-canada-car-trip/article4487425/

McLeish. (2014, July 23). History of heliskiing in Canada. Retrieved from www.lastfrontierheli.com/news/1607/history-of-heliskiing-in-canada/

Magnes, W. (2010, May 26). The evolution of British Columbia’s tourism regions: 1970-2010 [PDF] . Retrieved from http://linkbc.ca/siteFiles/85/files/LinkBCMagnesPaper2011.pdf

Porges, R. (2014, September). Tell me something I don’t know: Promoting the value of tourism. Tourism Drives the Provincial Economy . Presentation hosted by the Tourism Industry Association of BC, Vancouver, BC.

PricewaterhouseCooopers, LLC. (2009). Opportunity BC 2020: Tourism sector. [PDF] Prepared for the BC Business Council. Retrieved from http://www.bcbc.com/content/558/2020_200910_Mansfield_Tourism.pdf

Shoalts, A. (2011, April). How our national parks evolved: From Grey Owl to Chrétien and beyond, 100 years of Parks Canada.   Canadian Geographic . Retrieved from http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/apr11/national_parks_evolution.asp

Theobald, William F. (1998).  Global Tourism (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Butterworth–Heinemann, pp. 6-7.

Thomas Cook Group of Companies. (2014). Thomas Cook history. Retrieved from http://www.thomascook.com/thomas-cook-history/

Tourism Industry Association of BC. (2014). Value of tourism toolkit: Why focus on the value of tourism?  Retrieved from http://www.tiabc.ca/value-of-tourism-toolkit

Tourism Industry Association of Canada. (2014, October 14). Travel industry poised to boost Canadian exports: US market and border efficiencies central to growth potential . Retrieved from http://tiac.travel/cgi/page.cgi/_zine.html/TopStories/Travel_Industry_Poised_to_Boost_Canadian_Exports_US_Market_and_Border_Efficiencies_Central_to_Growth_Potential

Tourism Industry Association of Canada, HLT Advisory. (2012). The Canadian tourism industry: A special report [PDF] . Retrieved from http://www.hlta.ca/reports/The_Canadian_Tourism_Industry_-_A_Special_Report_Web_Optimized_.pdf

United Nations and World Tourism Organization. (1995). Recommendations on tourism statistics. [PDF] Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/newsletter/unsd_workshops/tourism/st_esa_stat_ser_M_83.pdf

United Nations Environment Programme. (2003a). Negatives Socio-cultural impacts from tourism . Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/Socio-CulturalImpacts/NegativeSocio-CulturalImpactsFromTourism/tabid/78781/Default.aspx

United Nations Environment Programme. (2003b). Tourism’s three main impact areas. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/resourceefficiency/Business/SectoralActivities/Tourism/TheTourismandEnvironmentProgramme/FactsandFiguresaboutTourism/ImpactsofTourism/EnvironmentalImpacts/TourismsThreeMainImpactAreas/tabid/78776/Default.aspx

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2008). Understanding tourism: Basic glossary . Retrieved from http://media.unwto.org/en/content/understanding-tourism-basic-glossary

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2012, May 7). International tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011. Retrieved from http://media.unwto.org/en/press-release/2012-05-07/international-tourism-receipts-surpass-us-1-trillion-2011

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2014a). UNWTO world tourism barometer, 12 [PDF] (1). Retrieved from http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_barom14_04_august_excerpt_0.pdf

United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2014b). Who we are. Retrieved from http://www2.unwto.org/content/who-we-are-0

Attributions

Figure 1.1  Selkirk College and Nelson  by LinkBC  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.2   Capilano University’s Team   by LinkBC  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.3   Vancouver Island University   by LinkBC  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.4  Canadian Pacific 4-4-0 A-2-m No 136  by  Peter Broster  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.5   Vancouver Island University   by LinkBC  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.6   Switzerland vs. Canada   by s.yume  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Figure 1.7   CTC’s Boardroom   by LinkBC  is used under a  CC-BY 2.0  license.

Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality in BC Copyright © 2015 by Capilano University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Charting Your Path: Tourism Courses and Their Transformative Impact in Abroad

 A tourism courses offers an in-depth exploration of the travel and tourism industry, blending theoretical knowledge with practical insights. It covers key areas like destination marketing, sustainable tourism practices, and customer service in the hospitality sector. Crafted for individuals eager to craft unforgettable journeys, these programs unlock a variety of career paths in tourism management and more. They suit anyone aiming to leave a lasting mark in the ever-changing realm of travel and tourism.

Pursuing travel and tourism courses abroad offers a deep dive into international tourism management and sustainable travel practices. These programs, taught in top global institutions, blend cultural immersion with practical learning, preparing students for diverse roles in the ever-evolving tourism industry. They are ideal for those aspiring to make a mark in global tourism.

Table of Contents

• Popular Travel & Tourism courses

Advantages of Studying Tourism Courses Abroad

Requirements to study tourism courses abroad, top preferred travel & tourism courses abroad for filipinos, top universities offering travel & tourism courses abroad for filipinos, average cost of studying travel & tourism courses abroad for filipinos, career prospects in travel & tourism for filipinos, how to choose the right travel & tourism course, popular travel & tourism courses.

Exploring the diverse range of travel and tourism degree courses available abroad offers students a gateway to specialized knowledge and global opportunities. These include:

Undergraduate Courses:

List of some of the popular travel and tourism UG courses

• Bachelor of Science in Hospitality and Tourism Management
• Bachelor of Arts in International Tourism Management
• Bachelor of Business Administration in Travel and Tourism
• Bachelor in Event and Leisure Management
• Bachelor in Tourism Management
• Bachelor in Adventure Tourism
• Bachelor of Arts in Destination Marketing
• Bachelor of Science in Travel and Tourism Economics
• Bachelor in Cruise Management
• Bachelor in Ecotourism
• Bachelor in Airline and Airport Management

Postgraduate Courses

List of some of the popular travel and tourism PG courses

• Master of Tourism Administration
• Master of Science in Sustainable Tourism Development
• Master of Science in Destination Marketing and Management
• Master of Arts in Global Tourism and Leisure Studies
• Master in Luxury Tourism Management
• Master in International Hospitality and Tourism Leadership
• Master of Science in Cultural Tourism
• Master in Travel Technology and Analytics
• Master in Tourism Policy and Planning
• Master in Event Management

Every program is designed to equip learners with the necessary expertise and abilities required for excelling in numerous job roles within the ever-evolving field of travel and tourism.

Pursuing tourism studies in a foreign country provides a distinctive combination of learning and cultural exposure, laying the groundwork for a thriving career in the worldwide tourism sector. The following are the primary benefits:

• Global Perspective
• Cultural Immersion
• Networking Opportunities
• Advanced Learning Techniques
• Enhanced Career Prospects
• Language Skills
• Practical Experience
• Personal Growth

Each of these benefits contributes to a well-rounded, comprehensive education in tourism, preparing students for a dynamic career in this exciting field.

Embarking on a journey to study tourism courses abroad involves meeting specific academic and administrative criteria. These requirements are essential to ensure students are well-prepared for the challenges and opportunities of international tourism education.

Essential Criteria for Aspiring Tourism Students

• Academic Qualifications: A high school diploma or equivalent is typically required, with a focus on subjects relevant to tourism and hospitality.
• Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the language of instruction, often English, is crucial. Tests like IELTS or TOEFL are commonly required to demonstrate this.
• Passport and Visa Regulations: A valid passport and a student visa are mandatory for studying abroad.
• Financial Stability: Proof of financial support to cover tuition and living expenses.
• Health and Travel Insurance: Ensuring coverage for health and travel-related contingencies.
• Cultural Openness: An attitude of adaptability and respect for diverse cultures enhances the learning experience.

Meeting these requirements paves the way for an enriching educational journey in the field of travel and tourism.

Filipino students seeking to broaden their horizons in the travel and tourism industry are increasingly looking towards international education. Certain courses abroad have gained popularity due to their comprehensive curriculum and global recognition.

Popular Courses for Aspiring Filipino Tourism Professionals

• Bachelor of Science in International Hospitality Management
• Bachelor in Travel and Tourism Marketing
• Master in Sustainable Tourism Management
• Bachelor in Adventure Tourism Management

These courses provide Filipino students with the skills and knowledge to excel in the global travel and tourism sector, opening doors to diverse career paths.

Tourism Courses in Australia for Filipinos

Known for its excellent educational framework and dynamic tourism industry, Australia provides various programs designed to meet the changing demands of this field.

Tourism Courses in Canada for Filipinos

Canadian institutions provide various tourism-related programs, blending hands-on experience with academic learning, designed to meet the changing needs of the worldwide travel sector.

Tourism Courses in USA for Filipinos

American colleges are well-known for their extensive tourism programs, blending hands-on learning with scholarly depth, equipping students for worldwide achievements in the tourism industry.

Tourism Courses in the UK for Filipinos

UK universities are renowned for their high-quality tourism courses, blending traditional British educational excellence with contemporary industry practices.

Tourism Courses in New Zealand for Filipinos

New Zealand institutions provide a range of courses that blend practical skills with theoretical knowledge, tailored to the evolving needs of the global travel industry.

Numerous prestigious global universities provide exceptional programs for Filipino students who aim to succeed in the travel and tourism sector. These universities are acclaimed for their extensive curricula, state-of-the-art amenities, and global approach to tourism education.

For Filipino students aspiring to study travel and tourism abroad , understanding the financial investment is crucial. The cost of education varies significantly depending on the country, institution, and specific course.

For Filipinos who pursue travel and tourism courses , the career prospects are both diverse and promising. These courses open doors to a world of opportunities in a sector that is continually evolving and expanding.

Selecting an appropriate course in travel and tourism is vital for those aiming to excel in this ever-changing sector. You should weigh various important aspects to make sure the program matches your professional aspirations and passions.

Key Considerations for Selecting a Tourism Course

Define Career Objectives: Pinpoint your aspirations within the tourism sector, such as hospitality management or sustainable tourism, to guide your course choice.

• Examine Course Details:   Seek courses with a well-rounded curriculum that balances theory and practical skills.
• Check Accreditation:   Opt for programs from recognized and accredited institutions to enhance job prospects.
• Location Matters:   Choose a study destination with a robust tourism industry for real-world insights.
• Hands-On Experience:   Prioritize courses offering internships or practical training for invaluable industry exposure.
• Financial Considerations:   Weigh the costs against potential career benefits, including job opportunities and earnings.
• Seek Advice: Consult educational experts and read alumni reviews for a clearer course perspective.

Exploring a career in travel and tourism offers exciting prospects and diverse pathways. Choosing the right course and country is crucial for success in this dynamic field. For expert guidance on selecting the ideal tourism course abroad, consider consulting with AECC Study Abroad Consultants. Their specialized knowledge and support can be invaluable in your educational journey. Connect with AECC to take the first step towards your dream career in tourism.

Which is the best travel and tourism course?

The best course varies based on interests, but a Bachelor's in International Tourism Management is widely recognized for its comprehensive approach. 

What does tourism specialize in?

Tourism specializations include destination management, sustainable tourism, event planning, hospitality management, and travel marketing.

What is the best country to study tourism?

Switzerland, Australia, and the UK are renowned for their excellent tourism education, offering a blend of practical and theoretical learning.

Which country is cheapest to study tourism?

Countries like Malaysia, South Africa, and some Eastern European countries offer affordable tourism education with good quality programs.

What is the high salary you can earn by studying tourism?

Top positions in the tourist business, including executive positions in hospitality or marketing, can pay over $100,000 year, though the precise amount will depend on the candidate's professional background and geographic area.

About the author

AECC Philippines

Related posts, 5 reasons why international students in new zealand cherish their study abroad experience., exploring the path to post-graduate work permit(pgwp) in canada, bachelor's in tourism management - courses & career scope.

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A Plan to Remake the Middle East

While talks for a cease-fire between israel and hamas continue, another set of negotiations is happening behind the scenes..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From New York Times, I’m Michael Barbaro. This is The Daily.

[MUSIC CONTINUES]

Today, if and when Israel and Hamas reach a deal for a ceasefire fire, the United States will immediately turn to a different set of negotiations over a grand diplomatic bargain that it believes could rebuild Gaza and remake the Middle East. My colleague Michael Crowley has been reporting on that plan and explains why those involved in it believe they have so little time left to get it done.

It’s Wednesday, May 8.

Michael, I want to start with what feels like a pretty dizzying set of developments in this conflict over the past few days. Just walk us through them?

Well, over the weekend, there was an intense round of negotiations in an effort, backed by the United States, to reach a ceasefire in the Gaza war.

The latest ceasefire proposal would reportedly see as many as 33 Israeli hostages released in exchange for potentially hundreds of Palestinian prisoners.

US officials were very eager to get this deal.

Pressure for a ceasefire has been building ahead of a threatened Israeli assault on Rafah.

Because Israel has been threatening a military offensive in the Southern Palestinian city of Rafah, where a huge number of people are crowded.

Fleeing the violence to the North. And now they’re packed into Rafah. Exposed and vulnerable, they need to be protected.

And the US says it would be a humanitarian catastrophe on top of the emergency that’s already underway.

Breaking news this hour — very important breaking news. An official Hamas source has told The BBC that it does accept a proposal for a ceasefire deal in Gaza.

And for a few hours on Monday, it looked like there might have been a major breakthrough when Hamas put out a statement saying that it had accepted a negotiating proposal.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says the ceasefire proposal does not meet his country’s requirements. But Netanyahu says he will send a delegation of mediators to continue those talks. Now, the terms —

But those hopes were dashed pretty quickly when the Israelis took a look at what Hamas was saying and said that it was not a proposal that they had agreed to. It had been modified.

And overnight —

Israeli troops stormed into Rafah. Video showing tanks crashing over a sign at the entrance of the city.

— the Israelis launched a partial invasion of Rafah.

It says Hamas used the area to launch a deadly attack on Israeli troops over the weekend.

And they have now secured a border crossing at the Southern end of Gaza and are conducting targeted strikes. This is not yet the full scale invasion that President Biden has adamantly warned Israel against undertaking, but it is an escalation by Israel.

So while all that drama might suggest that these talks are in big trouble, these talks are very much still alive and ongoing and there is still a possibility of a ceasefire deal.

And the reason that’s so important is not just to stop the fighting in Gaza and relieve the suffering there, but a ceasefire also opens the door to a grand diplomatic bargain, one that involves Israel and its Arab neighbors and the Palestinians, and would have very far-reaching implications.

And what is that grand bargain. Describe what you’re talking about?

Well, it’s incredibly ambitious. It would reshape Israel’s relationship with its Arab neighbors, principally Saudi Arabia. But it’s important to understand that this is a vision that has actually been around since well before October 7. This was a diplomatic project that President Biden had been investing in and negotiating actually in a very real and tangible way long before the Hamas attacks and the Gaza war.

And President Biden was looking to build on something that President Trump had done, which was a series of agreements that the Trump administration struck in which Israel and some of its Arab neighbors agreed to have normal diplomatic relations for the first time.

Right, they’re called the Abraham Accords.

That’s right. And, you know, Biden doesn’t like a lot of things, most things that Trump did. But he actually likes this, because the idea is that they contribute to stability and economic integration in the Middle East, the US likes Israel having friends and likes having a tight-knit alliance against Iran.

President Biden agrees with the Saudis and with the Israelis, that Iran is really the top threat to everybody here. So, how can you build on this? How can you expand it? Well, the next and biggest step would be normalizing relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia.

And the Saudis have made clear that they want to do this and that they’re ready to do this. They weren’t ready to do it in the Trump years. But Mohammed bin Salman, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, has made clear he wants to do it now.

So this kind of triangular deal began to take shape before October 7, in which the US, Israel, and Saudi Arabia would enter this three way agreement in which everyone would get something that they wanted.

And just walk through what each side gets in this pre-October 7th version of these negotiations?

So for Israel, you get normalized ties with its most important Arab neighbor and really the country that sets the tone for the whole Muslim world, which is Saudi Arabia of course. It makes Israel feel safer and more secure. Again, it helps to build this alliance against Iran, which Israel considers its greatest threat, and it comes with benefits like economic ties and travel and tourism. And Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been very open, at least before October 7th, that this was his highest diplomatic and foreign policy priority.

For the Saudis, the rationale is similar when it comes to Israel. They think that it will bring stability. They like having a more explicitly close ally against Iran. There are economic and cultural benefits. Saudi Arabia is opening itself up in general, encouraging more tourism.

But I think that what’s most important to the Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman, is what he can get from the United States. And what he has been asking for are a couple of essential things. One is a security agreement whose details have always been a little bit vague, but I think essentially come down to reliable arms supplies from the United States that are not going to be cut off or paused on a whim, as he felt happened when President Biden stopped arms deliveries in 2021 because of how Saudi was conducting its war in Yemen. The Saudis were furious about that.

Saudi Arabia also wants to start a domestic nuclear power program. They are planning for a very long-term future, possibly a post-oil future. And they need help getting a nuclear program off the ground.

And they want that from the US?

And they want that from the US.

Now, those are big asks from the us. But from the perspective of President Biden, there are some really enticing things about this possible agreement. One is that it will hopefully produce more stability in the region. Again, the US likes having a tight-knit alliance against Iran.

The US also wants to have a strong relationship with Saudi Arabia. You know, despite the anger at Mohammed bin Salman over the murder of the Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi, the Biden administration recognizes that given the Saudis control over global oil production and their strategic importance in the Middle East, they need to have a good relationship with them. And the administration has been worried about the influence of China in the region and with the Saudis in particular.

So this is an opportunity for the US to draw the Saudis closer. Whatever our moral qualms might be about bin Salman and the Saudi government, this is an opportunity to bring the Saudis closer, which is something the Biden administration sees as a strategic benefit.

All three of these countries — big, disparate countries that normally don’t see eye-to-eye, this was a win-win-win on a military, economic, and strategic front.

That’s right. But there was one important actor in the region that did not see itself as winning, and that was the Palestinians.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

First, it’s important to understand that the Palestinians have always expected that the Arab countries in the Middle East would insist that Israel recognize a Palestinian state before those countries were willing to essentially make total peace and have normal relations with Israel.

So when the Abraham Accords happened in the Trump administration, the Palestinians felt like they’d been thrown under the bus because the Abraham Accords gave them virtually nothing. But the Palestinians did still hold out hope that Saudi Arabia would be their savior. And for years, Saudi Arabia has said that Israel must give the Palestinians a state if there’s going to be a normal relationship between Israel and Saudi Arabia.

Now the Palestinians see the Saudis in discussions with the US and Israel about a normalization agreement, and there appears to be very little on offer for the Palestinians. And they are feeling like they’re going to be left out in the cold here.

Right. And in the minds of the Palestinians, having already been essentially sold out by all their other Arab neighbors, the prospect that Saudi Arabia, of all countries, the most important Muslim Arab country in the region, would sell them out, had to be extremely painful.

It was a nightmare scenario for them. And in the minds of many analysts and US officials, this was a factor, one of many, in Hamas’s decision to stage the October 7th attacks.

Hamas, like other Palestinian leaders, was seeing the prospect that the Middle East was moving on and essentially, in their view, giving up on the Palestinian cause, and that Israel would be able to have friendly, normal relations with Arab countries around the region, and that it could continue with hardline policies toward the Palestinians and a refusal, as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said publicly, to accept a Palestinian state.

Right. So Michael, once Hamas carries out the October 7th attacks in an effort to destroy a status quo that it thinks is leaving them less and less relevant, more and more hopeless, including potentially this prospect that Saudi Arabia is going to normalize relations with Israel, what happens to these pre-October 7th negotiations between the US, Saudi Arabia, and Israel?

Well, I think there was a snap assumption that these talks were dead and buried. That they couldn’t possibly survive a cataclysm like this.

But then something surprising happened. It became clear that all the parties were still determined to pull-off the normalization.

And most surprisingly of all, perhaps, was the continued eagerness of Saudi Arabia, which publicly was professing outrage over the Israeli response to the Hamas attacks, but privately was still very much engaged in these conversations and trying to move them forward.

And in fact, what has happened is that the scope of this effort has grown substantially. October 7th didn’t kill these talks. It actually made them bigger, more complicated, and some people would argue, more important than ever.

We’ll be right back.

Michael, walk us through what exactly happens to these three-way negotiations after October 7th that ends up making them, as you just said, more complicated and more important than ever?

Well, it’s more important than ever because of the incredible need in Gaza. And it’s going to take a deal like this and the approval of Saudi Arabia to unlock the kind of massive reconstruction project required to essentially rebuild Gaza from the rubble. Saudi Arabia and its Arab friends are also going to be instrumental in figuring out how Gaza is governed, and they might even provide troops to help secure it. None of those things are going to happen without a deal like this.

Fascinating.

But this is all much more complicated now because the price for a deal like this has gone up.

And by price, you mean?

What Israel would have to give up. [MUSIC PLAYING]

From Saudi Arabia’s perspective, you have an Arab population that is furious at Israel. It now feels like a really hard time to do a normalization deal with the Israelis. It was never going to be easy, but this is about as bad a time to do it as there has been in a generation at least. And I think that President Biden and the people around him understand that the status quo between Israel and the Palestinians is intolerable and it is going to lead to chaos and violence indefinitely.

So now you have two of the three parties to this agreement, the Saudis and the Americans, basically asking a new price after October 7th, and saying to the Israelis, if we’re going to do this deal, it has to not only do something for the Palestinians, it has to do something really big. You have to commit to the creation of a Palestinian state. Now, I’ll be specific and say that what you hear the Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, say is that the agreement has to include an irreversible time-bound path to a Palestinian state.

We don’t know exactly what that looks like, but it’s some kind of a firm commitment, the likes of which the world and certainly the Israelis have not made before.

Something that was very much not present in the pre-October 7th vision of this negotiation. So much so that, as we just talked about, the Palestinians were left feeling completely out in the cold and furious at it.

That’s right. There was no sign that people were thinking that ambitiously about the Palestinians in this deal before October 7th. And the Palestinians certainly felt like they weren’t going to get much out of it. And that has completely changed now.

So, Michael, once this big new dimension after October 7th, which is the insistence by Saudi Arabia and the US that there be a Palestinian state or a path to a Palestinian state, what is the reaction specifically from Israel, which is, of course, the third major party to this entire conversation?

Well, Israel, or at least its political leadership, hates it. You know, this is just an extremely tough sell in Israel. It would have been a tough sell before October 7th. It’s even harder now.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is completely unrepentantly open in saying that there’s not going to be a Palestinian state on his watch. He won’t accept it. He says that it’s a strategic risk to his country. He says that it would, in effect, reward Hamas.

His argument is that terrorism has forced a conversation about statehood onto the table that wasn’t there before October 7th. Sure, it’s always in the background. It’s a perennial issue in global affairs, but it was not something certainly that the US and Israel’s Arab neighbors were actively pushing. Netanyahu also has — you know, he governs with the support of very right-wing members of a political coalition that he has cobbled together. And that coalition is quite likely to fall apart if he does embrace a Palestinian state or a path to a Palestinian state.

Now, he might be able to cobble together some sort of alternative, but it creates a political crisis for him.

And finally, you know, I think in any conversation about Israel, it’s worth bearing in mind something you hear from senior US officials these days, which is that although there is often finger pointing at Netanyahu and a desire to blame Netanyahu as this obstructionist who won’t agree to deals, what they say is Netanyahu is largely reflecting his population and the political establishment of his country, not just the right-wingers in his coalition who are clearly extremist.

But actually the prevailing views of the Israeli public. And the Israeli public and their political leaders across the spectrum right now with few exceptions, are not interested in talking about a Palestinian state when there are still dozens and dozens of Israeli hostages in tunnels beneath Gaza.

So it very much looks like this giant agreement that once seemed doable before October 7th might be more important to everyone involved than ever, given that it’s a plan for rebuilding Gaza and potentially preventing future October 7th’s from happening, but because of this higher price that Israel would have to pay, which is the acceptance of a Palestinian state, it seems from everything you’re saying, that this is more and more out of reach than ever before and hard to imagine happening in the immediate future. So if the people negotiating it are being honest, Michael, are they ready to acknowledge that it doesn’t look like this is going to happen?

Well, not quite yet. As time goes by, they certainly say it’s getting harder and harder, but they’re still trying, and they still think there’s a chance. But both the Saudis and the Biden administration understand that there’s very little time left to do this.

Well, what do you mean there’s very little time left? It would seem like time might benefit this negotiation in that it might give Israel distance from October 7th to think potentially differently about a Palestinian state?

Potentially. But Saudi Arabia wants to get this deal done in the Biden administration because Mohammed bin Salman has concluded this has to be done under a Democratic president.

Because Democrats in Congress are going to be very reluctant to approve a security agreement between the United States and Saudi Arabia.

It’s important to understand that if there is a security agreement, that’s something Congress is going to have to approve. And you’re just not going to get enough Democrats in Congress to support a deal with Saudi Arabia, who a lot of Democrats don’t like to begin with, because they see them as human rights abusers.

But if a Democratic president is asking them to do it, they’re much more likely to go along.

Right. So Saudi Arabia fears that if Biden loses and Trump is president, that those same Democrats would balk at this deal in a way that they wouldn’t if it were being negotiated under President Biden?

Exactly. Now, from President Biden’s perspective, politically, think about a president who’s running for re-election, who is presiding right now over chaos in the Middle East, who doesn’t seem to have good answers for the Israeli-Palestinian question, this is an opportunity for President Biden to deliver what could be at least what he would present as a diplomatic masterstroke that does multiple things at once, including creating a new pathway for Israel and the Palestinians to coexist, to break through the logjam, even as he is also improving Israel’s relations with Saudi Arabia.

So Biden and the Crown Prince hope that they can somehow persuade Bibi Netanyahu that in spite of all the reasons that he thinks this is a terrible idea, that this is a bet worth taking on Israel’s and the region’s long-term security and future?

That’s right. Now, no one has explained very clearly exactly how this is going to work, and it’s probably going to require artful diplomacy, possibly even a scenario where the Israelis would agree to something that maybe means one thing to them and means something else to other people. But Biden officials refuse to say that it’s hopeless and they refuse to essentially take Netanyahu’s preliminary no’s for an answer. And they still see some way that they can thread this incredibly narrow needle.

Michael, I’m curious about a constituency that we haven’t been talking about because they’re not at the table in these discussions that we are talking about here. And that would be Hamas. How does Hamas feel about the prospect of such a deal like this ever taking shape. Do they see it as any kind of a victory and vindication for what they did on October 7th?

So it’s hard to know exactly what Hamas’s leadership is thinking. I think they can feel two things. I think they can feel on the one hand, that they have established themselves as the champions of the Palestinian people who struck a blow against Israel and against a diplomatic process that was potentially going to leave the Palestinians out in the cold.

At the same time, Hamas has no interest in the kind of two-state solution that the US is trying to promote. They think Israel should be destroyed. They think the Palestinian state should cover the entire geography of what is now Israel, and they want to lead a state like that. And that’s not something that the US, Saudi Arabia, or anyone else is going to tolerate.

So what Hamas wants is to fight, to be the leader of the Palestinian people, and to destroy Israel. And they’re not interested in any sort of a peace process or statehood process.

It seems very clear from everything you’ve said here that neither Israel nor Hamas is ready to have the conversation about a grand bargain diplomatic program. And I wonder if that inevitably has any bearing on the ceasefire negotiations that are going on right now between the two of them that are supposed to bring this conflict to some sort of an end, even if it’s just temporary?

Because if, as you said, Michael, a ceasefire opens the door to this larger diplomatic solution, and these two players don’t necessarily want that larger diplomatic solution, doesn’t that inevitably impact their enthusiasm for even reaching a ceasefire?

Well, it certainly doesn’t help. You know, this is such a hellish problem. And of course, you first have the question of whether Israel and Hamas can make a deal on these immediate issues, including the hostages, Palestinian prisoners, and what the Israeli military is going to do, how long a ceasefire might last.

But on top of that, you have these much bigger diplomatic questions that are looming over them. And it’s not clear that either side is ready to turn and face those bigger questions.

So while for the Biden administration and for Saudi Arabia, this is a way out of this crisis, these larger diplomatic solutions, it’s not clear that it’s a conversation that the two parties that are actually at war here are prepared to start having.

Well, Michael, thank you very much. We appreciate it.

On Tuesday afternoon, under intense pressure from the US, delegations from Israel and Hamas arrived in Cairo to resume negotiations over a potential ceasefire. But in a statement, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made clear that even with the talks underway, his government would, quote, “continue to wage war against Hamas.”

Here’s what else you need to know today. In a dramatic day of testimony, Stormy Daniels offered explicit details about an alleged sexual encounter with Donald Trump that ultimately led to the hush money payment at the center of his trial. Daniels testified that Trump answered the door in pajamas, that he told her not to worry that he was married, and that he did not use a condom when they had sex.

That prompted lawyers for Trump to seek a mistrial based on what they called prejudicial testimony. But the judge in the case rejected that request. And,

We’ve seen a ferocious surge of anti-Semitism in America and around the world.

In a speech on Tuesday honoring victims of the Holocaust, President Biden condemned what he said was the alarming rise of anti-Semitism in the United States after the October 7th attacks on Israel. And he expressed worry that too many Americans were already forgetting the horrors of that attack.

The Jewish community, I want you to know I see your fear, your hurt, and your pain. Let me reassure you, as your president, you’re not alone. You belong. You always have and you always will.

Today’s episode was produced by Nina Feldman, Clare Toeniskoetter, and Rikki Novetsky. It was edited by Liz O. Baylen, contains original music by Marion Lozano, Elisheba Ittoop, and Dan Powell, and was engineered by Alyssa Moxley. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for The Daily. I’m Michael Barbaro. See you tomorrow.

• May 13, 2024   •   27:46 How Biden Adopted Trump’s Trade War With China
• May 10, 2024   •   27:42 Stormy Daniels Takes the Stand
• May 9, 2024   •   34:42 One Strongman, One Billion Voters, and the Future of India
• May 8, 2024   •   28:28 A Plan to Remake the Middle East
• May 7, 2024   •   27:43 How Changing Ocean Temperatures Could Upend Life on Earth
• May 6, 2024   •   29:23 R.F.K. Jr.’s Battle to Get on the Ballot
• May 3, 2024   •   25:33 The Protesters and the President
• May 2, 2024   •   29:13 Biden Loosens Up on Weed
• May 1, 2024   •   35:16 The New Abortion Fight Before the Supreme Court
• April 30, 2024   •   27:40 The Secret Push That Could Ban TikTok
• April 29, 2024   •   47:53 Trump 2.0: What a Second Trump Presidency Would Bring
• April 26, 2024   •   21:50 Harvey Weinstein Conviction Thrown Out

Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Michael Crowley

Produced by Nina Feldman ,  Clare Toeniskoetter and Rikki Novetsky

Edited by Liz O. Baylen

Original music by Marion Lozano ,  Elisheba Ittoop and Dan Powell

Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

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If and when Israel and Hamas reach a deal for a cease-fire, the United States will immediately turn to a different set of negotiations over a grand diplomatic bargain that it believes could rebuild Gaza and remake the Middle East.

Michael Crowley, who covers the State Department and U.S. foreign policy for The Times, explains why those involved in this plan believe they have so little time left to get it done.

On today’s episode

Michael Crowley , a reporter covering the State Department and U.S. foreign policy for The New York Times.

Background reading :

Talks on a cease-fire in the Gaza war are once again at an uncertain stage .

Here’s how the push for a deal between Israel and Saudi Arabia looked before Oct. 7 .

From early in the war, President Biden has said that a lasting resolution requires a “real” Palestinian state .

Here’s what Israeli officials are discussing about postwar Gaza.

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Dan Farrell, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Renan Borelli, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson and Nina Lassam.

Michael Crowley covers the State Department and U.S. foreign policy for The Times. He has reported from nearly three dozen countries and often travels with the secretary of state. More about Michael Crowley

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Elektrostal

Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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