tourism in goa since liberation

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Goa moving towards sustainable tourism development

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Vast changes in political ideology and economic policies across the world have occurred in the last few decades. People of different countries have been affected differently, but everywhere, always in a significant way. 

Since liberation, Goa has achieved remarkable progress. Liberation's greatest gain has been the sense of self-respect regained, the opening of opportunity portals, particularly to the vast mass of people who've been denied upward mobility over the centuries and perhaps millennia. In key sectors, such as education, great strides have been made.

The literacy rate here in 1961 was 30 percent. If we exclude some persons over the age of 50 and a section of migrant labor, Goa is now a fully literate state. Mainly by private institutions, this has been achieved. Regrettably, government schools are in appalling condition themselves.

As a result, they are only sent to government schools for those who can not afford to enroll their children in private schools. Our Constitution enshrines the fundamental right to education for all children up to the age of 14 years.

'Free education' means not only tuition fees but also adequate classrooms and teachers, free uniforms, textbooks, and other educational materials. In the Computer Era, inequalities in education will be accentuated. Only if necessary steps are taken right now can the dangerous "digital divide" be prevented.

The ideal is the "Common school system" in each location where all children go, regardless of social class or religious affiliation, with quality government schools are known as "neighborhood schools." In Scandinavia and other educationally advanced countries, this is the system that persists.

At the national and international level, Goa University should be a center of academic excellence. It should be a great instrument to enable Goa's youth and the country at large to deal with and thrive in today's increasingly competitive world. 

In 1987, the Official Language Act was enacted. It was intended to strengthen our common cultural heritage and to achieve greater unity and harmony between our people. Yet, those who write Konkani in the Roman script are entitled to the same protection available to those who write in Devanagari in the process of implementing the Act.

Tourism was adopted as the main sector for Goa's development in the 1960s, primarily because of its potential to generate employment in a state with an increasingly educated workforce and limited industrial growth. To a large extent, the employment objective has been achieved in as much as almost one-third of the population of Goa is engaged in tourism-related activities.

As Goa is a small state, however, its carrying capacity should be considered in terms of its size, the facilities available, and ecological fragility. Until a decade ago, there was very little awareness of the need for sustainable tourism development among policymakers in Goa or elsewhere in the world.

That is their constitutional right and it is derived from Article 29(1) of the constitution of India. Konkani, however, should only be taught in schools using the Devanagari script. The reason is that children learn the Roman script through the study of English, which is important for international communication and to take advantage of the country's increasing employment opportunities. Equally important for access to Indian culture and other Indian languages is Devanagari.

Three fundamental elements, economic, social, and environmental, are considered in the sustainable development of tourism. To avoid consumer dissatisfaction, economic sustainability consists of maintaining the growth rate at a manageable level.

In Goa, the basic physical infrastructure requires to be updated. The ability of society to absorb tourist arrivals without adversely affecting local well-being and value systems refers to social sustainability. Environmental sustainability relates to the environmental capacity to manage the impact of the population without damage.

The landscape of Goa has been transformed by mega construction projects. Mega buildings have now progressed from the coastline into the hinterland and harm the local population's lifestyle. Scientifically, non-disposal of waste often assumes threatening proportions. In our state, there is apprehension about the influx of "outsiders." The people from other states who come here mostly for employment are called "outsiders".

The first Goa Migration Survey was published by the Department of NRI Affairs in 2008. In 43 countries, it identified the Goan Diaspora and stated that "the actual number of countries would be much larger. Goans are found all over the world and it would be hard to name a country without a community of Goans."

Under the heading "Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development," the United Nations Development Programme ( UNDP) released its annual Human Development Report. The report deals entirely with migration within and between countries. It finds that migrants improve economic output and immigration generally improves employment in host communities, does not swarm or crowd, contrary to commonly held beliefs.

While these people of Goa can be justifiably proud of the vast social and economic progress accomplished over the last five decades, at this point, we are also facing many challenges. With confidence and commitment to values that shape a forward-moving and progressive society, we should confront them.

Source: Heraldgoa.in

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Unraveling six decades of Goa’s transformation

Professor Seema Salgaonkar recently released a book, ‘Goa @ 60: Transition of Goa Post Liberation’ that gives insights about Goa post-liberation Danuska Da Gama| NT In the last sixty years after liberation, Goa has undergone significant change. In an attempt to document this transformation and analyse the politics, economics, social aspects, and technological advancements, the author and history professor Seema Salgaonkar speaks to us about her book, ‘Goa @ 60: Transition of Goa Post Liberation’, which took a year to complete. Excerpts from an interview: Q. What prompted you to write this book? The state of Goa, like any other state, has been undergoing a period of transition. The first major transition occurred when Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961, becoming a Union Territory of India. Democracy was introduced, granting people universal franchise, followed by various socio-economic reforms. The subsequent years witnessed numerous events and changes across different facets in the state. Now having completed over 60 years of liberation, I believe it is the right time to introspect on the state’s journey to date. I felt the need to scrutinise the state’s transition, critique the processes and the resulting transformations, aiming to generate concrete suggestions for shaping…

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Professor Seema Salgaonkar recently released a book, ‘Goa @ 60: Transition of Goa Post Liberation’ that gives insights about Goa post-liberation

Danuska Da Gama| NT

In the last sixty years after liberation, Goa has undergone significant change. In an attempt to document this transformation and analyse the politics, economics, social aspects, and technological advancements, the author and history professor Seema Salgaonkar speaks to us about her book, ‘Goa @ 60: Transition of Goa Post Liberation’, which took a year to complete.

Excerpts from an interview:

Q. What prompted you to write this book?

The state of Goa, like any other state, has been undergoing a period of transition. The first major transition occurred when Goa was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961, becoming a Union Territory of India. Democracy was introduced, granting people universal franchise, followed by various socio-economic reforms. The subsequent years witnessed numerous events and changes across different facets in the state. Now having completed over 60 years of liberation, I believe it is the right time to introspect on the state’s journey to date. I felt the need to scrutinise the state’s transition, critique the processes and the resulting transformations, aiming to generate concrete suggestions for shaping the roadmap for Goa @75.

It was recognised as the best-placed state for infrastructure by the Eleventh Finance Commission of India. Also, India’s National Commission on Population rated Goa as having the highest quality of life in the country. In the Human Development Index, Goa ranks third among Indian states. Consistently, it has held the top position in per capita income among all Indian states. Progressing from a small colony to a Union Territory of India and now a full-fledged state aspiring for greater achievements in economic, social, and political realms, Goa has evolved significantly. The 60-year period from 1961 to 2021 has brought about noticeable socio-economic transformations in this small state. Based on this premise, studying the democratic transition of the state of Goa becomes an intriguing prospect.

Q. Can you shed light on the highlights of the transition in Goa?

Goa’s aspiration for democracy has led to continuous self-transformation. Introduction of tenancy reforms, holding of Opinion Poll in 1967 and voting in favour of the anti-merger, Goa’s Statehood, etc, helped in strengthening democracy in the state. It is also interesting to understand the kind of political leadership that evolved in the state over the last 60 years, the role they played, the qualities they possessed, the decisions they took and how it impacted the state and the people of Goa. It is also intriguing to witness how Goa’s economy transitioned with vicissitudes of agriculture, role of industrial sector, position of mining, and increasing predominance of the tourism sector. The evolution and changing role of grassroots institutions (Panchayats) in Goa also forms a major highlight while understanding the process of transition of Goa.

Q. Goa has had a fair share of fall-outs. State a few and how it has shaped Goa?

Democracies can never be fully consolidated as it is a system which is more redistributive in nature. So there will be constant engagements in the processes such as asset redistribution, poverty alleviation, educational and land reforms, reforms for inclusion, delivery of public services, social justice, executive accountability, etc. However, there are certain fall-outs which did and can threaten the democratic edifice of the society. For example, the defections witnessed by the state where ambition overpowers ideology, increase in personality-based voting, subtle invasion of dynasty and family raj politics, etc, results in trust deficit. While we are talking of Swayampurna villages, there are certain challenges such as dismal participation at the Gram Sabhas, lack of sync between youth and panchayats, constant interference by the MLA, etc, which pulls back the state from achieving the expected success at grassroots governance and rural development. In spite of Goa’s size and high literacy rate, Goa still has the potential to be an ideal example for functioning of the Panchayati Raj System. Another fall-out is the over emphasis on tourism, where traditional occupations of Goa are going extinct. These indigenous occupations are important to Goan society as they are an important fabric of Goan culture and its rich heritage.

Q. It is interesting to see you touch upon technological aspects that have played a role in transition, tell us about this aspect you have covered?

Today, we live in what is described as the VUCA world—Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous. Goa too is poised for transformation, with different strategies of planning, risk management, change-adaptation and problem solving. Technology can play an important role in achieving advanced citizen centric administration which can ensure transparency and accountability. There has been significant progress in Goa, both in streamlining administration and digitising citizen facing services. It is expected that new technologies will improve the effectiveness of government agencies in delivery of public goods such as health, education, social security and transport.

Q. How has the status of women in Goa changed with time?

The status of women in a society is the true index of its cultural, social and political levels it has achieved. There is a consensus that the status of women in Goa is better than her counterparts elsewhere in the country. The small size of the state, which reduces the distance between the rulers and the ruled, facilitates egalitarian distribution of the benefits of development. This has improved the standard of living of women in Goa, especially in the field of health and education. The existence of Uniform Civil Code (UCC) also contributes in strengthening women’s position in Goa. The percentage of girls pursuing higher education is reflecting an upward growth, girls are excelling in sports, they are contributing to the Goan economy and with the provision of 33% reservation at panchayat level women are redefining horizons at grassroot. As per the national statistics of 2022 on issuing of driving licenses to women in the country, Goa came second with 33% of the total persons receiving a learning license being women. But with all these positive standouts, we should not presume that ‘all is genderly well’ in Goa.  Despite high per capita income, advanced literacy and the general impression of highly emancipated women, Goa is witnessing rising incidence of issues such as female foeticide, domestic violence, and sexual harassment cases at the workplace. Even though, due to 33% reservation, women are getting elected at rural level, they are yet to make a substantial mark at Goa Legislative Assembly. However, the strength of women voters is well recognised today. A few strategies such as calling of Mahila Gram Sabhas, adopting gender responsive budgeting, promoting women entrepreneurship can go a long way in achieving gender parity in Goa.

Q. What do you make of the communities in Goa, and how has the change over time impacted the people at large till date?

Assertion for identity has always remained a core component of the struggle for existence by the Goan community. Sense of being Goan gives a sense of pride and joy, a sense of belongingness, social security and psychological stability, besides giving a sense of collective existence. There have been tough times when this identity was threatened but each time Goan people arose with new fervour, kept aside their differences, and protected its identity. With Goa undergoing drastic changes demographically, economically and culturally, today there is increasing fear in the people that the Goan Identity is getting weakened. The influx of migrants, lop-sided development, increasing commercialisation, declining traditional occupations, the ascriptive interests overpowering the community interests, and lack of committed leadership are some of the reasons which have given rise to these fears. There have to be early steps taken for protecting Goan Identity. People residing in Goa should realise and perform their responsibility towards building a sustainable Goa. M. Boyer in his poem ‘Goa’ had said ‘Atam Goenkaranim urlelem sambavpachem’ means that Goans should take care of what is left of Goa.

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“I’m looking forward to a new normal. I haven’t thought that far ahead. Let’s take one step at a time and this too shall pass,” says Sharmila regarding the lockdown and the Covid-19 situation. Sheryl Gonsalves – NT GoGoaNow Sharmila, the owner of ‘Kitsch Bits’ creates beautiful items out of waste material. The pandemic affected her sales, which she expected, as nowadays people are more careful with their money because of the economic situation.  During the lockdown, her time was spent doing housework, practicing woodburning, different painting techniques, experimenting with new waste products, and creating new looks for her works. The lockdown wasn’t boring for her. She even tried to knead her own bread when bread wasn’t available. However, Sharmila did get frustrated sometimes as she didn’t always have the material she needed to create her craftworks. All the housework led to tiredness, but what made her feel good was performing kind acts like feeding stray animals. She had plans to go to France this October but unfortunately had to cancel her trip. Sharmila suggests buying groceries once a week and carpooling instead of coming and going to the market so often and causing more pollution. She says: “We need […]

Catching up with playwright Isabel Vas – Life during Lockdown

Goa got to see wonderful English plays because of a certain creative lady called Isabel Vas. NT GoGoaNow catches up with her to find out what she’s been up to these days. Sheryl Gonsalves – NT GoGoaNow “During the lockdown I was alone. Traffic had stopped. Everything was completely silent. The silence brought the birds back into my garden which I enjoyed. For some days I wasn’t able to get groceries but something wonderful happened. Neighbours and other people helped me get food which was very touching,” Isabel reveals. She kept herself occupied with a bit of reading, gardening, and writing. The days were peaceful and relaxing and she used to sit quietly and enjoy the silence. Isabel reveals that she was holding auditions for a new play of hers, but it got cancelled. Having any plays now is a big question mark for her. She has noticed that people like writers, painters, and musicians have become extremely creative during these days. “Coming up with a play is a slow process so I haven’t done anything specific,” says Isabel. She misses her students at Goa University. When asked about the future, Isabel replies: “I’m looking forward to changes in this […]

Smoothie Recipes from Taj Hotels

Chefs share smoothie recipes to beat the heat.  GRANOLA & FRUIT SMOOTHIE Ingredients:1 banana sliced1 apple medium (Peeled & Diced)1/3 cup plain Greek yoghurt1/4 teaspoon cinnamon powder1tbsp. maple syrup or honey1 tbsp. flaxseed powder1/2 cup granola1/4 cup ice Method:Crush granola coarsely in the blenderAdd Greek yoghurt, soy milk, and honey to blend it wellAdd the rest of the ingredients and blend until smoothVoila! Granola smoothie is ready AVOCADO SUPER SMOOTHIE Ingredients: 1/2 cup of almonds & walnuts1 ½ – 2 cups of spinach leaves chopped1 firm ripe avocado 1 ½ cups almond milk 1tbsp. of liquid apple syrup or honey1tbsp. sunflower seeds1tbsp. pumpkin seeds Method:Add mixed nuts (almond & Walnut), sunflower seeds and pumpkin seeds in a blender and blend it wellAdd spinach, avocado & soya milk in a blender. Blend until smoothAdd liquid apple syrup or honey and blend it for another 10 seconds.Pour into glasses and serve. PEANUT BUTTER AND HONEY OAT SMOOTHIE (from Executive Chef Nitin Mathur, Taj Santacruz) Ingredients: 2 cups of rolled oats (pan-roasted)½ yoghurt1 cup almond milk1 large banana3tbsp. peanut butter2 tablespoons honey1tbsp flaxseed powder   Instructions: Place oats in blender and processPour milk into a blender and allow processed oats to soften in […]

Award-winning musician talks about life now

Music is a language everybody understands. Alvaro Pereria, the musician who has helped boost classical Western music in Goa, talks to NT GoGoaNow about his days during the past few weeks. Sheryl Gonsalves – NT GoGoaNow This Goa State Cultural Award holder spent his days mostly playing badminton, reading, and practicing classical music. He was supposed to perform at a music concert in June but it had to be called off due to the pandemic. “We worked on a whole new Schubert trio (for the concert) to try something new. It takes more than forty minutes to perform,” Alvaro reveals. They also practiced Beethoven pieces and a Mozart trio. Alvaro usually composes church music and performs at weddings but all that is now cancelled. He feels that music can help quite a lot and didn’t find the lockdown boring. He says, “Inspiration is there everyday whether there is a lockdown or not.”

D’ziners owner gets Candid

If you live in Goa, you have probably seen D’ziners- a bespoke tailoring clothing store. Andrew Fernandes, the proprietor, has a little chat with NT GoGoaNow to share what changes have happened in his life.  Sheryl Gonsalves – NT GoGoaNow Picture Credit – Shivang Mishra I NT GoGoaNow Andrew used to be a very busy man. He used to start with his Margao store and end up at his Mapusa store. Now he uses his time to play badminton, help out in the kitchen, pray with his family, and spend time with the Bible. He even worked on some paintings which have Biblical themes. Andrew opens up about his difficulties and shares that he may have to close down some of his stores as he’s currently unable to pay the rent, electric bills, and salaries. He reveals, “We are hardly getting customers. Clothing is a lifestyle business. Now, food is more important for people than clothes.” Also, there are no events for people to dress up for. When things are well in the future, Andrew has a dream of using his beautiful Benaulim house to open up a boutique restaurant. He says, “No one can predict anything. I’m looking forward […]

A chat with a young crochet enthusiast

Ornella Menezes, a teen from Colvale, loves to keep herself busy. She creates crochet jewellery which was even showcased for the Schulen Fernandes for Wendell Rodricks Zentangle Collection at the Lotus Make-up India Fashion Week in Delhi. She tells NT GoGoaNow that her normal days consisted of school and homework but now, during the lockdown, a lot of her time has been freed up for crochet. While everyone else’s businesses have been negatively affected, Ornella reveals that her sales increased in the midst of the lockdown days. The crochet items she usually creates are doilies, table runners, jewellery, and centrepieces. A day in her life consists of mostly creating crochet works, playing the piano, paper quilling, and taking online singing classes. The free time helped her get a lot more ideas by taking inspiration from Pinterest posts. She hardly gets bored and enthusiastically says: “I’m looking forward to buying new threads” for her crochet works. Sheryl Gonsalves | NT GoGoaNow Picture Credit – SHIVANG MISHRA II NTGOGOANOW

Mum’s Kitchen owner shares Thoughts about Life

For Maria Martins, the proud owner of Mum’s Kitchen restaurant, the lockdown has been quite eye-opening. She has a heart to heart chat with NT GoGoaNow and shares her thoughts and reflections during Covid-19. Sheryl Gonsalves | NT GoGoaNow Picture Credit – SHIVANG MISHRA II NTGOGOANOW The lockdown was a bad phase for her as Maria was used to a hectic life and had to adjust to a slow-paced lifestyle. However, it was good in a way because she realized many things about life like the fact her worries are fewer in comparison to other people who are less fortunate. She has now comprehended what is actually required or not required in life. The bond between her and her workmates became stronger as she got to know the problems that they go through.  “We can do away with a lot of things and still be happy. Life doesn’t revolve around money. It needs human touch, love, and respect. We’ve to respect everyone no matter what they work as,” Maria says. During these days she spent her time gardening and also brushed up on stitching and embroidery which she hadn’t done since her college days. At the moment she is selling […]

A simpler life is better ~ Literati Bookshop Founder

“We’re lucky to have a roof over our heads and our basic needs met,” says Divya Kapur, the founder of the Literati Bookshop in Calangute, while talking to NT GoGoaNow.   Sheryl Gonsalves | NT GoGoaNow  This ex-lawyer started focusing on what she could do at home during the lockdown. She checked in on her friends and family to see if they were okay. Divya jokingly shared that she’s not that productive but she spent her time reading, watching television, and engaged in some physical activities. Speaking about the Literati Bookshop she reveals that they’re encouraging people to opt for home delivery. Now they hold virtual book club meets but movie screenings and book launches can’t happen. Divya is of the opinion that a simpler life is better. She says, “I’m looking forward to going to the beach, swimming in the sea, and watching the sunset.”

A tribute to the cashew

Dedicated to the people of Goa, Goan musician O’luv has come out with his new music video ‘The CASHEW song of Goa’ Goan musician O’luv has released his new music video single ‘The CASHEW song of Goa’ on his YouTube channel O’luv Goa. The video has been created over a span of three months, with site visits to understand the process and to draw inspiration for the lyrics and to create the visuals. From the picking of the tree-ripened cashew apples with the ‘tochni’ or ‘kantto’ [ a stick with a spur or thorn near the tip], to the separation of the nut from the cashew apple for the extraction of the juice at the ‘kollbi’, to the fermentation and the two distillations at the ‘battie’ using the traditional clay-pot ‘lavnni’ as the condenser, most of the processes involved are covered in a song. The aim of the song is to celebrate the cashew (anacardium occidentale) that came from Brazil and became one of our own in Goa. We have found a number of uses for the tree, its nut and the cashew apple and it is now an integral part of the Goan culture and traditions. It is used […]

Beaches in Goa with less crowd

The shining sun is hitting the waves, making the ocean sparkle as it reflects the blue hues of the sky above. The gentle breeze and the calming sounds of the water make you slip into relaxation mode. However, there is one thing you may wish was different…. a beach that wasn’t so crowded! Written By: Sheryl Gonsalves Not to worry! Here is a list of beaches in Goa that’ll let you have a quieter, peaceful outing: NORTH GOA The North side of Goa has a notorious reputation for having crowded, noisy beaches. However, this isn’t entirely true. Here are some serene spots to visit for sand and sea… Morjim Beach This beach is quite famous for the Olive Ridley turtles who come to nest here and are helped by a group of volunteers who guard the nests and help the baby turtles get into the sea. The beach is also a favourite among Russian tourists, along with Ashwem beach close by, one will find signboards and menu cards in the Russian language. Mandrem Beach If you want to enjoy vast stretches of sand and water, this beach is the place to be! Colourful seashells dot the shores while little crabs […]

The Unwanted… The Abuser… The Dog…

Film: Belle et Sébastien, Nouvelle Generation Directed by: Pierre Coré Duration: 96 minutes A huge round of applause echoed throughout the theatre at the end of a film that was showcased at IFFI 53. This French movie, Belle et Sébastien, Nouvelle Generation, even left some people in tears. While reading the description of the movie, I was expecting a typical dog film which has a dash of cute elements and heartwarming scenes sprinkled in. However, I was blown away after watching it as there were so many elements and layers that made it epic and almost surprising. The opening scene started with the main character, a 10-year-old boy named Sébastien, an aloof-looking character, who saw someone getting bullied and decided to take action and save the victim. Unfortunately, that resulted in an unexpected result – the bully started chasing Sébastien and ended up getting hit by a car! This incident led to him being taken reluctantly for a mountain vacation where he had to stay with his grandmother who seemed to show no enthusiasm with the arrival of her grandson. These scenes were filmed at a place between France and Spain. It was a visual treat on so many levels. […]

‘Rediscover Goa’ with Airbnb and experience the true beauty of the sunshine state

*A week long celebration of all things Goan announced in collaboration with Goa Tourism Department* Airbnb in collaboration with the Goa Tourism Department, launches ‘Rediscover Goa’, a week-long celebration of Goa’s vast cultural diversity beyond its beaches and dazzling nightlife. Cultre, a creative and cultural enterprise that seeks to promote India’s pluralistic cultural heritage through content, products and experiences has been onboarded as the knowledge partner to help curate the experiences and bring to life all things Goan. … The ‘Rediscover Goa’ celebration will take place from December 12-18, and will offer 20+ specially curated unique Airbnb Experiences hosted by local experts highlighting the eclectic culture, rich heritage, musical traditions, culinary delicacies and thriving landscapes of Goa across the Northern and Southern districts of the state. … This week-long celebration of Goa and its culture aims to highlight how the state’s inherited traditions and cultural legacy form the basis of Goan living even in this day and age. The experiences will not only let one indulge in the many bounties of Goa but also help engage with the vibrant local culture. The existing pockets of lesser-known curiosities that make Goa unique will now be accessible for all enthusiasts to experience. […]

Backpacking Guide: Old Goa

Old Goa is a small town in the North Goa district. Portugal-styled churches are famous for their architecture and impeccable history behind them. Old Goa, best known for its churches, is the perfect place to be for the traveller who wants to drown himself in the beautiful Portugal architecture of Goa. NT GoGoaNow gives you a sneak peek into some places you should visit when in Old Goa! …. …. …. Basilica of Bom Jesus As you enter Old Goa, you’re definitely going to see the monumental Basilica of Bom Jesus. The church was consecrated in May 1605 by Fr. Alexia de Menezes, the Archbishop of Goa. The church is a magnificent example of Baroque architecture in Goa. The church is well known as it embodies the relics of St. Francis Xavier, who lays to rest in a silver casket within the church. The relics are taken down every 10 years for an exposition which calls forth millions of devotees. The architectural monument comes under the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. …. Se Cathedral  The Sé Cathedral de Santa Catarina, known as Se Cathedral, in short, is known to be the largest church in Asia. The majestic church stands strong before […]

Tour Goa in a helicopter!

Who knew flying high had so many benefits? Hawk Soaring Aerospace Pvt Ltd has started premium helicopter services in Goa for the first time. Here are the services they offer: Executive Charters Relish the flexibility of your schedule and achieve more on your business trips through exclusive day-trip charters! Interstate Transfers Reduce distances and do more on your workday or holiday as you smoothly travel across interstate borders! Airport Transfers Reduce travel time and avoid traffic jams as you fly from Mopa and Dabolim airports to your resort in air-conditioned comfort! Customised Heli Tours Delight in fascinating vistas and a Hawk’s eye view of Goa and explore places such as Hampi, Kolhapur and Shirdi like never before! Joy Ride (Per Person) *8000/-only Feel the adrenaline rush as you glide through the sky in an exhilarating 10-minute joyride across the State in the classic Agusta 119! (Time Slot: 11 am -12 pm, 3 pm – 4 pm.)

Goa in 48 hours – For the Adventurous

You’ve come to Goa and your adrenaline is pumping. You have so much energy and seeing the tall coconut trees and clear blue skies makes you even more pumped up. DAY 1 Use all your excitement to start your first day with a trek! If you were in awe of Goa’s natural beauty from the get-go, be prepared to fall even more in love. There are a plethora of organizers who take you to gorgeous places like the famous Dudhsagar waterfalls or some more hidden places that most tourists haven’t even heard of.  The sights of the green foliage, chirping birds, and fresh air will surely make your heart sing. There are high chances that a delicious local lunch is part of your tour package. After you come back and rest, head out in the evening to a beach. If you’re tired, relax on the warm sand and relish the scenery. Otherwise, draw out your thirst for adventure again and try out exciting watersports. Parasailing gives the most thrills as you’ll get to glide in the air and watch the frothy waves below. If you are in North Goa, have a delicious local dinner at Florentine’s where there is a […]

Enjoy 5-star dishes made from Indian millets at the Goa Marriott!

Being able to turn super humble ingredients into dishes worthy to be served at a 5-star resort is no easy feat. However, the Goa Marriott Resort & Spa have done just that through their ‘Millet Food Festival’. Doesn’t the word ‘millet’ conjure up some very boring dishes in your mind? Well, think again! Some of the millets they have used are Foxtail (Rajasthan), Ragi (Karnataka), Jowar (Maharashtra), Kodo (Telangana), and more. Now let’s get into the interesting part… the dishes! The first one is assorted millet crisps with smoked Lehsooni chutney – a simple, pleasant snack. The next one is like a superfood chaat! It contains puffed foxtail, date chutney, and cherry tomatoes. Another Indian classic dish that they have given a ‘millet twist’ to is the humble idli. It is a ragi idli with curry leaves and a red chilli tempering where you can’t stop at one piece. They even added burgers and tacos to this special menu! The burger contains Kodu millet, foxtail buns, and silken tofu instead of cheese to make it completely vegan. A dish on the menu that I was least excited about was the barley fried rice, an unassuming plate of food that turned […]

Serendipity Arts Festival announces its curators for December 2023

The largest inter-disciplinary festival of the arts in South Asia is scheduled from the 15th to the 23rd of December 2023 in Panaji, Goa A diverse line-up of interdisciplinary projects and initiatives will be conceptualised by a panel of distinguished curators spanning the performing, visual, culinary arts, and craft. Sandeep Kumar Sangaru and Anjana Somany will be curating the section on Craft and bring forth varied crafts practices that blend traditional and contemporary practice. Quasar Thakore Padamsee who curated last year’s theatre section of the festival is back to helm the Theatre segment of the festival that will showcase an eclectic selection of plays. Food is closely linked with festivities and is an indispensable element of the festival, and for this edition, Chef Thomas Zacharias and The Locavore Team, will curate the important Culinary quotient of Serendipity Arts Festival through a gastronomical journey that ties people and cultures. Bickram Ghosh, who has curated the festival’s previous edition, along with Ricky Kej will curate the Music section with a wide range of concerts covering diverse genres and addressing various social-cultural ideas and topics. Geeta Chandran and Mayuri Upadhya will put together classical, experimental and contemporary dance performances and workshops. Visual Arts […]

Delightful Summer Fruits of Goa

The heat is intense but it’s the time of the year that seasonal fruits are available in plenty Seasonal fruits are popular among locals in Goa, especially during the summer. With the popularity of social media, these summer fruits are searched on Google and tracked down in the markets. This has increased demand and has caused the prices to go up. Mangoes, the king of fruits, have always been the favourite. The ‘Mankurad’ is so superior that in the Panaji market, people spent about Rs 4,000 a dozen after the mangoes came to the markets in March. The rates have stabilised but ask the elders around and they’d say, “People would give them to us for a song (free). We never had to think twice before buying Mankurad mangoes but today it’s out of the common man’s reach.” Raw mangoes are coveted too. Used for pickles, preservatives and to go along with urrack with some salt and chilli, the markets are flooded with raw mangoes. ‘Panne’ is a cooler made from raw mangoes. Fresh tender cashews (bibbe) are used in various recipes. These cashews are plucked and peeled to get tender cashews. A favourite of Goans, there’s so much joy […]

Get high on mangoes with the ‘Mangoholic’ Festival at Goa Marriott Resort

Come summer and mango is one of the fruits on everyone’s mind. One can relish the fruit in its many moods at the ongoing ‘Mangoholic Delights’ till May 31 from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. at Goa Baking Company, Goa Marriott Resort & Spa, Miramar. There is an array of bakes, pastries, smoothies, shakes, ice creams and more. RAMANDEEP KAUR & SHERYL GONSALVES | NT  In cakes, there is the Alphonso mango boomer (classic mascarpone cream with fresh mango compote), spice mangles mangozza (sweet chili brule, mango cremeux and almond financier), kesar mango cheesecake (mango cheesecake, Oreo crust and chantilly cream), ‘aam panna’ with strawberry confit (‘aam panna’ mousse, pistachio sponge and crunch) and payari mango and coconut cake (coconut dacquoise and payari cream). Pastries include mango cream tart (sweet paste, cloudy cream and mango), classic mango popsicles (mango mousse and crunch), mango crepe cake (crepe, mango ganache) and ‘aam petti’ (vanilla sponge and mango cream). There are two types of ice creams and macarons in flavours of mango basil, raspberry mango and just mango by itself. Chef de Partie (pastry) Gouri Khanna says, “We have showcased our fusion and classical desserts of mango. We have homemade ice creams, macarons […]

Spend your afternoon learning about snakes!

Herpactive, an organisation dedicated to reptile conservation, is organising the first-ever ‘Serpentdine’, an afternoon filled with snake tales, trivia, and the opportunity to connect with like-minded individuals. The event which will be held on June 18, at The Pier-Seaside Bistro, located at the Cruise Terminal in Vasco, aims to celebrate the remarkable work carried out by men and women working with snakes in Goa. Participants can expect insightful conversations about rescue and release protocols, where experienced professionals will share their knowledge and exchange best practices. The event will also feature an array of captivating snake tales, allowing attendees to delve into the rich world of snake mythology, folklore, and awe-inspiring encounters. Lucky draws will offer attendees a chance to win exciting prizes, while a silent auction will provide an avenue to contribute to the work of those working with snakes in Goa. Moreover, attendees will have the opportunity to interact with renowned figures from the snake world, connecting with influencers and experts who have dedicated their lives to the study and conservation of snakes. Snake hooks will be available for purchase, ensuring everyone can participate and engage with these magnificent creatures. There will also be captivating displays and stalls offering […]

An unforgettable culinary journey

The new menu at Fortune Miramar will leave you spoilt for choice with fascinating options from cuisines around the world SHERYL GONSALVES | NT It was a day when the sun struggled to shine through the clouds. The rain beat down against my helmet and didn’t show any signs of letting up. However, even though there were partially waterlogged roads and traffic jams, there was one thing that kept me going – I was invited to try out the new menu at Fortune Miramar curated by executive chef William Dias. The new menu themed ‘Savour’ took two months to curate. Entering the Orchid restaurant in the hotel was a sight for sore eyes. The classy bright interiors were a welcoming visual contrast against the gloomy skies. My colleagues and I enjoyed the colourful mocktails brought to our table and then started digging into the Mezze Platter which had a variety of different dips like Muhammara, Hummus, Tzatziki, Olive Tapenade, Cauliflower Tartar, and Fatoush Salad. They were perfect flavour bombs with spicy and creamy notes. The crispy pita bread elevated the eating experience by providing texture. Mezze Platter We then had Malai Broccoli which was marinated in cashew cream, yoghurt, and […]

The marigold man of Goa

With a deep understanding of agriculture and a desire to bring locally grown marigold flowers to the Goan community, Amona-based farmer Krishna Sinari has embarked on the high-tech venture of marigold farming. RAMANDEEP KAUR | NT  Inspired by the need for locally grown marigold flowers, Krishna Sinari, the owner of Prakriti Farm Products, has started a high-tech venture of marigold farming in a 3,000-square-meter plot. With a total of 5,000 plants, his farm boasts vibrant yellow and orange marigold flowers. The inspiration behind choosing marigold flowers as the primary crop stems, he says, is that even though Goa has a suitable environment for its growth, a majority of the flowers are brought in from other places. “Marigolds are essential for Diwali celebrations. So I chose to start my own marigold production to meet the local demand,” says Sinari, who holds a diploma in agriculture and has done various courses to enhance his knowledge in the field. Currently enjoying his first marigold harvest, the next crop of flowers will be during Diwali and later for Tulsi Vivah. After that, he will move on to the next crop. Sinari has previously cultivated hybrid chillies and lady fingers and plans to explore other […]

Goa-based musician ‘Discokid’ to perform at Serendipity Arts Festival 2023

Among the eight exceptional music artists handpicked for the B-side Music Production Residency programme, ‘Discokid’, a Goa-based musician will be performing at the Serendipity Arts Festival 2023.  The 11-day workshop concluded in Olaulim recently and was organised by the Serendipity Arts Foundation. The eight artists namely Dzerouengmit Lepcha, Fatima Hakeen (Discokid), Lenix Lobo, Hasan Shahrukh, Govi, Ashel Unger, Rushaki Ghosh and Medhaj Dempo, delved deep into the intricacies of music production using Ableton Live, a digital audio workstation during the residency, which formally culminated on October 20. The residency was mentored by industry experts, including Jay Pei, Megha Balani, SHFT and Puneesh Suri. Fatima Hakeen aka ‘Discokid’ is a musician and producer based out of Goa and has been featured in well-known online music shows like Mixmag Goa and Worldwide FM. Over the eleven-day intensive program, the participants explored a myriad of techniques, from working with audio clips and MIDI basics to advanced production methods, honing their skills and collectively broadening their creative horizons. “Each participant brings a unique flavour to the table: from Dzerouengmit Lepcha’s soulful melodies to Discokid’s groovy beats, Lenix Lobo’s experimental sounds and Govi’s fusion of Carnatic vocals with indie and alternative genres. Hasan Shahrukh, with his expertise in […]

Fascinating Goan films to start tomorrow at 54th IFFI

The beauty of film festivals like IFFI is that they offer an eclectic array films from various corners of the country bringing together a mosaic of stories told in different languages. This year also IFFI offers a specially curated package of Goan films which will be unfurled from tomorrow at various venues of IFFI. The Goan package starts with the screening of Konkani film Gathan directed by Dinesh P. Bhonsle at INOX Screen-4, Panaji tomorrow (24.11.2023). Here is a look at the films that are part of the Goan Films package and their scheduled timings:   1. Gathan Director: Dinesh P. Bhonsle Synopsis: A man named Kamlakar, who goes by the nickname Tatu, has a great relationship with his younger brother Babulgo. Despite their five-year age difference, they get along really well. Tatu works in the fishing industry, while Babulgo is settled in Mumbai. Tatu’s son, Sada, works for a local builder, while Babulgo’s daughter, Vedika, is married to an American man and works in America. Her marriage to an American is a source of pride for Tatu and the villagers. Babulgo plans a trip to Goa with the new couple to seek the blessings of the deity. Tatu makes all the necessary […]

Communidade and a transforming Goa- impact of tourism

 An inquiry into how traditional institutional structures are stressed by the tourist industry.

Economic growth and social changes are major factors contributing to Goa's urbanisation. Today the Goan economy is hugely dependent on tourism. Its distinctive lifestyle and cultural blend attract many from the rest of India and abroad. While the domestic tourist, comprising 80% of all tourists, comes to Goa to experience a different culture, “international tourists visit Goa purely for the natural environment, the sun and beaches.” (Sawkar 1998) These tourists also look for a more “local and variegated experience”. (Noronha 2002) Tourism became the key sector in the development of Goa due to its potential in generating income. The seasonal nature of the tourism industry has opened doors for employment, especially among unskilled workers. Tourism was also preferred over industrial development and mining as it was comparatively perceived as less polluting. However, a lack of “awareness and understanding existed back then among planners about the processes of the life support systems of the coastal environment and the interactive roles played by each component.” (Noronha 1998) Tourism began expanding along the coast rapidly and uncontrollably. There is a visible burden on the infrastructure and environment such as the coastal aquifers, dunes and mangroves.Tourism has promoted urbanism and drastically changed land-use patterns.

Historically the Goan village lands were divided into three categories based on productivity.

1. Gaunkaria Lands “The largest and most productive, called Gaunkaria land, was annually or biannually auctioned among the gaunkar households and used for their livelihood and private interests.” (Jacob 2019)

2. Devachebhat or God’s Land “The second type known as Devachebhat or god’s land was used to cover costs arising from religious expenditures – maintenance of temples, the livelihood of priests, temple servers and performance of rituals of the village as a whole.” (Jacob 2019)

3. Communal Land “The last type was the communal land reserved for specific products such as the Khazans. The Gaunkars were recognized as the only rightful collective owners of the communal lands. However, the communal land was also leased to a Mundkar and its earrings were used for village clerks, artisans, labour force to name a few. The earnings from the land were used to finance public works and generate additional income for the village community.” (Jacob, 2019)

“A survey conducted around 1961 indicated that the Comunidades owned 34.9% to 85.5% of the cultivable land in Goa. They owned 200-400 hectares of land in the coastal tracts and 2-40 % of 14,968 hectares of land. At the time of liberation, an average Comunidade distributed 16 % of its earnings as dividends. They spend 22 % on administrative expenses, 19 % on land tax or quiet rent, 16 % on extraordinary expenses, 6 % on religious and social work, 2 % on the amortisation of loans and payment of interests and 19 % on miscellaneous expenditures” (D’Cruz, 2005).

The khazans were sustainable ecosystem agrarian modules that operated on tidal, hydro and solar energy. The system integrated agriculture, aquaculture and salt panning. They were practised on reclaimed coastal wetlands, mangrove areas and salt marshes. This system was designed to be sensitive to indigenous biodiversity. (Sonak, 2014). The surplus from these harvests was enjoyed by the gaunkars of the Comunidades. The Khazans faced a major blow when the people began fleeing to Novas Conquistas. With no one to take care of the bunds, the land became infertile with the growth of weeds and jungle wood. The decline in agricultural produce meant a decline in commerce. Commercial establishments were shut down and economic life was paralysed since the taxes were no longer paid. With increasing expenses the Portuguese were obliged to put an end to religious persecution and call back the refugees. Once the villagers returned the Comunidade lands were back in their former glory and the commerce prospered and the ecosystem was restored. Today Khazan lands are again facing a major blow due to tourism and urbanism. These Agro-ecosystems are constantly transforming to cater to the tourism industry and this is predominantly visible in the Coastal areas. There has been an increase in land values along the coast. “Hills which were earlier green and untouched, have today become closely coveted by realtors and land speculators. Fishing and agricultural-based villages are turned into concrete jungles” (Noronha, 1999).

The tourism sector has hardly benefited 10 % of Goans (Noronha, 1999) who are either small-scale entrepreneurs or large corporates. Hinterlands are at an increased risk of being exposed to tourism-based activities as well. The rest is enjoyed by international companies who purchase lands to construct hotels, resorts etc. There is a constant battle against the degradation of the coastline due to a lack of long-term planning. Even though the state government has sufficient power, it fails to implement sustainable and eco-friendly development measures. Corruption and misappropriation are evident in the real estate market. Village panchayats have failed to regulate these activities. Building regulations are being violated and locals are in a constant battle to protect their environment. There have been numerous protests and strong anti-tourism activism widespread today.

Traditionally, the gaunkars were legally qualified to take delivery of the ordinary and extraordinary works related to the villages. The gaunkars also had the exclusive right to execute these works. The profit from the lease of fields and other properties was quite substantial because they were sub-leased. The Gaunkars also shared their surplus with their Kullacharis when they provided their service. After the Portuguese rule, a new set of members who were non-residents became a part of the community by purchasing the right to share in the annual surplus. They were known as Khuntkars. They were only allowed to have a share of the surplus and not the privileges of the gaunkars i.e “ the right of voto - e voz - the right of management and the right to bid in the lease-auction of the properties and that of the works to be carried out” (Periera 1978).

From the 1970s, the government-sponsored land reforms and the Comunidades lost most of their control over the paddy and cashew cultivation which were the two important agricultural assets in the Old Conquest. (Axelrod 1998). From being auctioned triennially to the highest bidder, the Comunidade lands were auctioned by a 25-year and then later a 99-year lease. This in a way made the bidder a permanent owner which has, in turn, affected rural development. The legal structure overrides the tradition where one would pay for and have access to use the land. The owners today no longer pay taxes. Along with the intervention of the panchayath and the new regulations the Comunidades fail to perform the duties they were previously obliged to. (D’Cruz, 2005)  “After liberation, many dominant gaunkars immigrated. But, even they enjoy the zones is absentia. Many outsiders came to settle down in the villages.” (Gomes, 1996). The change in land use, land cover, property rights, and politics along with population movement affects the relationship between people and the ecosystem. Goans are being excluded from the opportunity to make decisions for their environment and economy affecting not only their lives but of the environment.

Today agriculture is no longer the main source of income and is performed by a few. Conventionally, the gaunkars valued their organic and historical relationship with the land and its resources. Today it's no longer the same. Tourism and Urbanisation have led to economic development and diversification. But along the way, Goa is losing its identity. What started as an agrarian society with a deep understanding of nature, has turned its back on environmental issues and is focused on an inherently unstainable route toward tourism and economic development. There is a need to understand the issues of land use, planning, and community participation in policy-making for tourism. There is a need for sustainable tourism development which best suits goa and does not change the identity of Goa. The Comunidade system provided an opportunity for the community to take care of its ecosystem while reaping its benefits. It integrates the locals in the decision-making for its environment. 

Bibliography

(1)  https://geoportal.natmo.gov.in/search/field_topic/goa-532

(2) https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/goa-francis-newton-souza-art-exhibition/

(3) https://geoportal.natmo.gov.in/search/field_topic/goa-532

(4)  (Jacob, 2019)

(5)  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamy.com%2Fstock-photo-goa-india-market-scene-16th-century-during-the-portuguese-colonisation-83333007.html&psig=AOvVaw2O-zxj1-VCaZ9pbmQy2ApS&ust=1651842251989000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCODK_P61yPcCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

(6)  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.natmo.gov.in%2Fsearch%2Ffield_state%2Fgoa-60&psig=AOvVaw0fGcIc9kArQXBAo3xfcbHz&ust=1654258922746000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCJjP1ujgjvgCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

(7)  https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.natmo.gov.in%2Fsearch%2Ffield_topic%2Fgoa-532&psig=AOvVaw0fGcIc9kArQXBAo3xfcbHz&ust=1654258922746000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCJjP1ujgjvgCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

Axelrod, Paul, and Michelle A. Fuerch. “Portuguese Orientalism and the Making of the Village Communities of Goa.” Ethnohistory 45, no. 3 (1998): 439–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/483320 .

Pereira,Rui Gomes  “Gaukaria the old village association”. A. Gomes Pereira. 1978

Sharon D’Cruz, and Avinash V. Raikar. “Democratic Management of Common Property in Goa: From ‘Gaonkarias’ and ‘Comunidades’ to Gram Sabhas.” Economic and Political Weekly 41, no. 5 (2006): 439–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4417767 .

J.F. Gomes, Olivinho. “Village Goa: A Study of Goan Social Structure and Change”

S.Chand (G/L) & Company Ltd; 2nd edition (1 October 1996)

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Goa needs sustainable tourism development

Eduardo Faleiro

The last few decades have witnessed vast changes in political ideology and economic policies across the world. People of different countries have been affected differently, but always in a significant manner everywhere.

Goa has achieved remarkable progress since Liberation. The greatest gain of Liberation has been the feeling of self-respect regained, the opening of the portals of opportunity particularly to the vast mass of people who were denied upward mobility over the centuries and perhaps the millennia. Great strides have been made in core sectors such as Education. In 1961, the literacy rate here was 30%. Goa is now a fully literate State if we exclude some persons above the age of 50 and a section of migrant labour. This has been achieved mainly through private institutions. Regrettably, Government schools themselves are in an appalling condition. As a result only those who cannot afford to enrol their children in private schools send them to the Government schools. The Fundamental Right to Education for all children up to the age of 14 years is enshrined in our Constitution. 

 "Free Education" means not merely free from tuition fees but also adequate classrooms and teachers, free uniforms, text books and other educational material. Inequalities in education will be accentuated in the Computer Age. The dangerous "digital divide" can only be prevented if necessary steps are taken right now. The ideal is the "Common School System" with quality Government schools known as "neighbourhood schools" in every locality where all children irrespective of social class or religious affiliation will go. This is the system prevailing in Scandinavia and other educationally advanced countries.

The Goa University ought to be a centre of academic excellence at the national as well as at the international level. It should be a powerful instrument to enable the youth of Goa and of the country at large to deal with and thrive in today's increasingly competitive world.

The Official Language Act was enacted in 1987. It was intended to strengthen our common cultural heritage and achieve greater unity and harmony among our people. Yet, in the process of implementing the Act, those who write Konkani in the Roman script are entitled to the same protection available to those who write in Devanagari. This is their constitutional right and it flows from Article 29 (1) of the Constitution of India. However, Konkani should be taught in schools through the Devanagari script only. The reason is that children learn the Roman script through the study of English which is important for international communication and for availing the increasing employment opportunities in the country itself. Devanagari is equally important for access to Indian culture and other Indian languages. 

In the 60's, tourism was adopted as a key sector for Goa's development primarily because of its potential to generate employment in a State with an increasingly educated workforce and limited industrial growth. The objective of employment has been achieved to a great extent in as much as almost one third of Goa's population is engaged in tourism related activities. However, Goa being a small State, its carrying capacity in terms of its size, facilities available and ecological fragility should be considered. Very little awareness existed until a decade ago among policy makers in Goa or elsewhere in the world about the need for sustainable tourism development. 

Sustainable tourism development considers three fundamental elements, economic, social and environmental. Economic sustainability consists in maintaining the growth rate at a manageable level to avoid consumer dissatisfaction. In Goa, it is necessary to upgrade the basic physical infrastructure. Social sustainability refers to society's ability to absorb tourist arrivals without adversely affecting local well being and value systems. Environmental sustainability relates to the capacity of the environment to handle population impact without damage.

Mega construction projects have transformed the landscape of Goa. Mega buildings have now progressed from the coastline into the hinterland and they have a negative impact on the lifestyle of the local population. Non-disposal of garbage in a scientific manner is also assuming menacing proportions. There is apprehension in our State regarding the influx of "outsiders". We call "outsiders" the people from other States who come here mostly for employment. The Department of NRI Affairs published in 2008 the first Goa Migration Survey. It identified the Goan Diaspora in 43 countries and stated that "the actual number of countries would be much larger. Goans are found the world over and it would be difficult to name a country without a Goan community". The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) released its annual Human Development Report under the caption "Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development”. The Report deals entirely with migration within and among countries. It finds that migrants boost economic output and, contrary to commonly held beliefs, immigration generally increases employment in host communities, does not crowd out locals from the job market and improves the rate of investment in new businesses and initiatives. 

Whilst the people of Goa can be justifiably proud of the vast social and economic progress achieved over the last five decades, we do also face several challenges at this point of time. We ought to confront them with confidence and commitment to values that shape a forward moving and progressive society. 

(The writer is a former Union Minister)

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Mainstream, VOL LVIII No 51, New Delhi, December 5, 2020

Goa since Liberation | Eduardo Falerio

Saturday 5 December 2020 , by Eduardo Faleiro

The last few decades have witnessed vast changes in political ideology and economic policies across the world. People of different countries have been affected differently, but always in a significant manner everywhere.

Goa has achieved remarkable progress since Liberation [in December 1961]. The greatest gain of Liberation has been the feeling of self-respect regained, the opening of the portals of opportunity particularly to the vast mass of people who were denied upward mobility over the centuries and perhaps the millennia.

Great strides have been made in core sectors such as Education. In 1961, the literacy rate here was 30%. Goa is now a fully literate State if we exclude some persons above the age of 50 and a section of migrant labour.

This has been achieved mainly through private institutions. Regrettably, Government schools themselves are in an appalling condition. As a result only those who cannot afford to enrol their children in private schools send them to the Government schools. The Fundamental Right to Education for all children up to the age of 14 years is enshrined in our Constitution. What is required is a law to determine the facilities which the State Government should provide to the children so that they can exercise this Fundamental Right. "Free Education" means not merely free from tuition fees but also adequate classrooms and teachers, free uniforms, textbooks and other educational material. Inequalities in education will be accentuated in the Computer Age. The dangerous "digital divide" can only be prevented if necessary steps are taken right now. The ideal is the "Common School System" with quality Government schools known as "neighbourhood schools" in every locality where all children irrespective of social class or religious affiliation will go. This is the system prevailing in Scandinavia and other educationally advanced countries.

The Goa University ought to be a centre of academic excellence at the national as well as at the international level. It should be a powerful instrument to enable the youth of Goa and of the country at large to deal with and thrive in today’s increasingly competitive world, the global "knowledge society" where education is the key to success. Turning our University into a Central University would have advanced this objective and would have improved significantly our University education.

The Official Language Act was enacted in 1987. It was intended to strengthen our common cultural heritage and achieve greater unity and harmony among our people. Yet, in the process of implementing the Act, those who write Konkani in the Roman script are entitled to the same protection available to those who write in Devanagari. This is their constitutional right and it flows from Article 29 (1) of the Constitution of India. Konkani writers in the roman script should have access to literary awards, representation in literary bodies, financial assistance, etc. to the same extent available to those who write in Devanagari. However, Konkani should be taught in schools through the Devanagari script only. The reason is that children learn the roman script through the study of English which is important for international communication and for availing the increasing employment opportunities in the country itself. Devanagari is equally important for access to Indian culture and other Indian languages. The importance of national languages and assertion of national cultural identity is growing everywhere in the world. India is not and should not be an exception.

In the Sixties, tourism was adopted as a key sector for Goa’s development primarily because of its potential to generate employment in a State with an increasingly educated workforce and limited industrial growth. The objective of employment has been achieved to a great extent in as much as almost one-third of Goa’s population is engaged in tourism-related activities, directly or indirectly. However, Goa being a small State, its carrying capacity in terms of its size, facilities available and ecological fragility should be considered. Very little awareness existed until a decade ago among policy makers in Goa or elsewhere in the world about the need for sustainable tourism development. It is now accepted that tourism should be developed in a manner that meets the requirements of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable tourism development considers three fundamental elements, economic, social and environmental. Economic sustainability consists in maintaining the growth rate at a manageable level to avoid consumer dissatisfaction. In Goa, it is necessary to upgrade the basic physical infrastructure. Social sustainability refers to society’s ability to absorb tourist arrivals without adversely affecting local well being and value systems. Environmental sustainability relates to the capacity of the environment to handle population impact without damage.

Mega construction projects have transformed the landscape of Goa. Mega buildings have now progressed from the coastline into the hinterland and they have a negative impact on the lifestyle of the local population. Mega buildings especially in the villages destroy the environment and should not be permitted.

Non-disposal of garbage, particularly inorganic, in a scientific manner is also assuming menacing proportions. This matter should be tackled with a sense of urgency.

There is apprehension in our State regarding the influx of "outsiders". We call "outsiders" the people from other States who come here mostly for employment. The Department of NRI Affairs published in 2008 the first ever Goa Migration Survey. It identified the Goan Diaspora in 43 countries and stated that "the actual number of countries would be much larger. Goans are found the world over and it would be difficult to name a country without a Goan community". The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) released its annual Human Development Report under the caption "Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development”. The Report deals entirely with migration within and among countries. It finds that migrants boost economic output and, contrary to commonly held beliefs, immigration generally increases employment in host communities, does not crowd out locals from the job market and improves the rate of investment in new businesses and initiatives. The Report recommends that Governments should reflect the benefits and costs of migration on their strategy and plans. Migration from one region to another puts pressure on the existing infrastructure and social services such as housing, electricity, water and sanitation.

Whilst the people of Goa can be justifiably proud of the vast social and economic progress achieved over the last five decades, we do also face several challenges at this point of time. We ought to confront them with confidence and commitment to values that shape a forward moving and progressive society. They should be taught at school and at home so that our land is prosperous and free from oppression of any sort, where justice and fair play do indeed prevail.

(The writer is a former Union Minister)

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Home » Feature » Goa’s Colonial History: A Tale Of Conquest, Culture, And Commerce

Goa’s Colonial History: A Tale Of Conquest, Culture, And Commerce

• , March 30, 2023

Goa, a state in western India, is known for its beaches, nightlife, and cuisine. However, its history is rich and complex, shaped by centuries of colonization, conquest, and cultural exchange. From the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century to the end of colonial rule in 1961, Goa has been a center of commerce, conflict, and cultural fusion.

In this article, we will explore the colonial history of Goa, from the Portuguese conquest to the territory’s integration into the Indian Union. We will examine the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred during this period, as well as the impact of colonialism on Goa’s culture, religion, and identity.

Part 1: The Portuguese Conquest

The Portuguese conquest of Goa is a significant event in the history of India, marking the beginning of European colonialism in the subcontinent. The conquest took place in the early 16th century when a Portuguese fleet led by Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque arrived in Goa and defeated the local ruler, the Sultan of Bijapur.

The Portuguese were motivated by several factors to establish a presence in India, including a desire to access the lucrative spice trade, establish a Christian mission in Asia, and expand their global empire. They also sought to challenge the dominance of Islamic powers in the region, particularly the Ottoman Empire and the Sultanates of Bijapur and Golconda.

The Portuguese initially established a foothold in India through the construction of a fortified trading post at Cochin in 1503, which gave them access to the Malabar coast and the profitable pepper trade. However, they soon realized the strategic importance of Goa, a major center of trade and commerce on the west coast of India. Goa was a bustling port city, with a diverse population of Hindus, Muslims, and Christians, and was home to a powerful sultanate.

In 1510, Admiral Albuquerque led a fleet of ships to Goa and launched a surprise attack on the city. The Portuguese encountered fierce resistance from the local defenders, but were eventually able to overcome them with the help of superior firepower and military tactics. The Sultan of Bijapur, who had previously ruled over Goa, was forced to flee the city, and the Portuguese established a new government in its place.

The Portuguese conquest of Goa had significant political, economic, and social consequences for the region. The Portuguese established a colonial administration in Goa, with a governor appointed to oversee the territory. They also established a system of trade and commerce, with Goa serving as a major center of the spice trade and a hub for shipping and maritime commerce.

The Portuguese also introduced Christianity to Goa, with a focus on converting the local population to Catholicism. They built churches, monasteries, and other religious institutions throughout the territory, and worked to establish a Christian mission in Asia. This led to the spread of Portuguese culture and language, which had a lasting impact on Goan society.

The Portuguese also imposed their own laws and customs on Goa, which had a significant impact on the local population. They introduced a system of taxation and land ownership, which led to the displacement of many rural communities and the concentration of wealth in the hands of Portuguese elites. They also imposed their own social norms and values, which often clashed with traditional Goan customs and practices.

Despite these challenges, Goa remained a vibrant and diverse society, with a rich cultural heritage that reflected its long history of trade, commerce, and cultural exchange. The Portuguese introduced new technologies and methods of production, which had a significant impact on the region’s economy and society. They also contributed to the development of Goan cuisine, music, and other cultural practices, which continue to thrive to this day.

However, the Portuguese conquest of Goa also had negative consequences, including the displacement and marginalization of local communities, the destruction of traditional cultural practices, and the imposition of foreign rule and culture. The Portuguese also implemented a system of forced labor, known as the “corvée system,” which required the local population to work on public works projects without pay.

In summary, the Portuguese conquest of Goa was a significant event in the history of India, marking the beginning of European colonialism in the subcontinent. The conquest had significant political, economic, and social consequences for the region, introducing new technologies, trade opportunities, and cultural exchange. However, it also led to the displacement and marginalization of local communities, the destruction of traditional cultural practices, and the imposition of foreign rule and culture.

Part 2: The Portuguese Empire in Asia

The Portuguese Empire in Asia was one of the most significant colonial powers in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Portuguese, led by explorers such as Vasco da Gama, began their quest for dominance in the Indian Ocean in the early 16th century. They established trading posts along the Indian coastline and soon expanded their influence into other parts of Asia.

The Portuguese were motivated by a desire to control the lucrative spice trade, which was dominated by Arab and Indian traders. They saw an opportunity to bypass the Arab and Indian middlemen and establish direct trade relations with the spice-producing regions of Southeast Asia. The Portuguese were also driven by a desire to spread Christianity to new regions, and they viewed their colonization efforts as a way to spread the Christian faith.

The Portuguese established their first trading post in India in 1498 when Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut on the southwestern coast of India. They soon established other trading posts along the Indian coastline, including in Goa, which became the center of Portuguese power in India.

In addition to India, the Portuguese also established trading posts in other parts of Asia, including Malaysia, Indonesia, and China. They established a stronghold in the port city of Malacca, which they used as a base for their operations in Southeast Asia. They also established trading posts in Japan and Macau, which became a center of Portuguese trade and influence in China.

The Portuguese Empire in Asia was characterized by its dominance of the sea routes, which enabled it to control the flow of goods and people throughout the region. The Portuguese were able to maintain their dominance through their advanced naval technology, which included the use of the carrack, a large, heavily-armed ship that was capable of long-distance voyages.

The Portuguese Empire in Asia was also characterized by its imposition of colonial rule over the local populations. The Portuguese established a system of governance that was based on the colonial model, which involved the establishment of trading posts and the imposition of political and economic control over the local population. The Portuguese also imposed their religion, language, and culture on the local population, which led to a significant impact on the social and cultural life of the region.

The Portuguese Empire in Asia began to decline in the late 17th century, due in part to the growing competition from other colonial powers such as the Dutch and the British. The decline was also due to the internal weaknesses of the Portuguese Empire, including its lack of resources and manpower, and the corruption and inefficiency of its administration.

Despite its decline, the Portuguese Empire in Asia left a lasting impact on the region. It introduced new technologies, such as the printing press and firearms, and it had a significant impact on the cultural and social life of the area. It also had a lasting impact on the architecture and urban design of many of the cities in the region, including Goa, which still bears the imprint of its Portuguese past.

Part 3: Goa under Portuguese Rule

Goa was under Portuguese rule for over four centuries, from 1510 to 1961. During this period, the Portuguese transformed Goa from a small fishing village to a thriving center of trade, culture, and religion. However, their rule was marked by oppression, exploitation, and cultural suppression, leading to a complex legacy that continues to shape Goan identity today.

The Portuguese arrived in Goa in 1510, led by the explorer Alfonso de Albuquerque. They quickly established a foothold in the region, building forts, churches, and administrative centers. The Portuguese initially viewed Goa as a strategic base for trade with other countries in the region, including China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. They established a monopoly on the spice trade, which was highly profitable, and built a network of trading posts and alliances throughout the Indian Ocean.

Under Portuguese rule, Goa became a center of cultural and religious exchange, with the Portuguese introducing new technologies, languages, and customs to the region. They also brought Christianity to Goa, which became the dominant religion among the local population. The Portuguese built many churches, cathedrals, and convents in Goa, which remain some of the region’s most iconic landmarks.

However, the Portuguese also imposed their culture and religion on the local population, often through force and coercion. They destroyed many Hindu and Muslim temples and shrines and forced conversion to Christianity. They also established a system of forced labor, known as the corvée system, which required the local population to work on public works projects without pay.

The Portuguese rule in Goa was marked by oppression and exploitation. The local population was subjected to harsh taxes, forced labor, and discrimination. The Portuguese also established the Inquisition in Goa in 1560, which was notorious for its brutal methods, including torture and execution. Thousands of people were accused of heresy, and many were killed or imprisoned.

Despite the oppression and exploitation, Goa under Portuguese rule saw significant economic and cultural development. The Portuguese introduced new agricultural techniques, which helped to increase the region’s production of cash crops like sugarcane and tobacco. They also introduced new industries, including textiles, leatherwork, and metalworking, which helped to diversify the region’s economy.

Goa also became a center of education and culture under Portuguese rule. The Portuguese established schools and universities in Goa, which helped to create a new class of educated elites. Goa also became a center of artistic and literary production, with many poets, writers, and musicians producing works in Portuguese and other languages.

In the early 20th century, the Indian independence movement began to influence Goa. Indian nationalists began to organize protests and demonstrations, calling for the liberation of Goa from Portuguese rule. The Portuguese responded with repression and violence, and many activists were arrested and imprisoned.

In 1961, the Indian government launched a military operation to liberate Goa. The operation, known as “Operation Vijay,” was a success, and Goa was finally integrated into the Indian Union. The liberation of Goa was celebrated as a major victory for Indian nationalism, and it marked the end of Portuguese colonialism in India.

Today, the legacy of Portuguese rule in Goa is complex and multifaceted. It left a lasting impact on Goan culture, including the introduction of new technologies, religions, and cultural practices. However, it also led to the displacement and marginalization of the local population, the destruction of traditional cultural practices, and the imposition of a foreign culture and religion.

Part 4: The Indian Freedom Struggle and Goa’s Liberation

The Indian Freedom Struggle was a long and arduous struggle for independence from British colonial rule, which lasted for over a century, from the late 1800s to 1947. The movement was led by prominent figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, among others. The movement used nonviolent methods of civil disobedience, such as boycotts, protests, and strikes, to challenge British rule and demand independence.

Goa, a former Portuguese colony, was also a part of this struggle for independence. Goa had been under Portuguese colonial rule since the early 16th century and had long been an important center of trade and commerce in the region. The Portuguese had established a highly repressive regime in Goa, characterized by forced labor, religious persecution, and cultural suppression.

The movement for Goa’s liberation from Portuguese colonial rule began in the early 20th century, inspired by the Indian freedom struggle. The first major movement for Goan liberation was the Azad Gomantak Dal (AGD), a political party formed in 1928 that called for an end to Portuguese rule and the establishment of an independent, democratic state of Goa. The AGD organized protests, rallies, and strikes, and also established an underground movement that carried out acts of sabotage against Portuguese rule.

The movement for Goa’s liberation gained momentum in the 1940s, with the establishment of the United Front of Goans (UFG) in 1946. The UFG was a coalition of various political parties and groups that came together to demand an end to Portuguese colonialism and the establishment of a democratic government in Goa. The UFG organized mass protests, strikes, and rallies, and also established an underground movement that carried out acts of sabotage against Portuguese rule.

The Portuguese authorities responded to the movement for Goa’s liberation with brutal repression, including arrests, torture, and imprisonment. However, the movement continued to gain strength, with increasing support from the Indian freedom struggle and other international movements for decolonization.

In 1961, the Indian government launched a military operation to liberate Goa, known as “Operation Vijay”. The operation was a success, and the Portuguese were forced to withdraw from Goa. On December 19, 1961, Goa was formally integrated into the Indian Union as a union territory.

The liberation of Goa was celebrated as a major victory for Indian nationalism and marked the end of Portuguese colonialism in India. However, the legacy of colonialism in Goa continued to shape the state’s politics, economics, and culture, and the struggle for Goan identity and autonomy continues to this day.

Part 5: The Legacy of Colonialism in Goa

The legacy of colonialism in Goa has been a complex and multifaceted one. While colonialism brought with it certain benefits, such as new technologies, trade opportunities, and cultural exchange, it also had many negative consequences that continue to be felt in Goa today.

Economic inequality is one of the most significant legacies of colonialism in Goa. During the colonial period, the Portuguese established a system of plantation agriculture that relied heavily on forced labor. This system resulted in the displacement and marginalization of many indigenous communities, who were forced to work under extremely difficult conditions for very little pay.

Although the system of forced labor was abolished after India gained independence, the legacy of economic inequality has persisted. Today, Goa is a state with a high level of economic inequality, with many people living in poverty while others enjoy great wealth and privilege.

Another legacy of colonialism in Goa has been the imposition of a foreign culture and religion. The Portuguese were known for their aggressive attempts to convert the local population to Christianity, and many Hindu and Muslim temples and shrines were destroyed during the Inquisition. The imposition of a foreign religion and culture has had a lasting impact on Goan society, with many people still struggling to reconcile the competing cultural influences that have shaped their identity.

Furthermore, the Portuguese colonial period led to the destruction of many traditional cultural practices in Goa. The Portuguese were hostile to many aspects of Goan culture, including its music, dance, and dress, which they saw as pagan and uncivilized. As a result, many traditional cultural practices were suppressed or even destroyed during the colonial period.

Despite these challenges, Goa has managed to maintain a rich and diverse cultural heritage that reflects its complex history. Today, Goa is known for its vibrant music and dance traditions, as well as its unique cuisine and festivals. However, the legacy of colonialism is still felt in many aspects of Goan society, including its politics, economics, and culture.

In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reclaim and celebrate Goan culture, and to promote greater awareness of the state’s colonial history. This has included efforts to preserve and promote traditional cultural practices, as well as initiatives to raise awareness about the impact of colonialism on Goan society. 

The colonial history of Goa is a fascinating and complex story, shaped by centuries of conquest, commerce, and cultural exchange. From the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century to the liberation of Goa in 1961, Goa has been a center of conflict, cooperation, and cultural fusion. Today, Goa is a proud and independent state, with a rich and diverse cultural heritage that reflects its complex history.

However, the legacy of colonialism is still felt in many ways, including the persistence of economic inequality, the marginalization of certain communities, and the ongoing struggle to reconcile the competing cultural influences that have shaped Goan identity.

Despite these challenges, Goa remains a vibrant and dynamic state, with a unique cultural identity that continues to evolve and thrive. The legacy of colonialism in Goa is a reminder of the enduring impact of history on our lives and our societies, and the importance of understanding and learning from our past in order to build a better future.

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Goa is the most urbanized state in India with 62.17% urban population It is also among the top three states with highest Per Capita Net State Domestic Product in India.

Goa State Report

Introduction.

Goa is located on the west coast of India. The state shares its borders with the Arabian Sea to the west, Maharashtra to the north, and Karnataka to the south and the east. It is traditionally known as a tourist paradise for its natural scenery, unique beaches, and cultural diversity.

Goa's economic growth is driven by the strong performance of its industrial sectors such as fishing, agriculture, tourism, and pharmaceuticals.

At current prices, Goa’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) (budget estimate) is expected to stand at Rs. 1,00,002.25 crore (US$ 12 billion) in 2023-24. At current prices, Goa’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) was Rs. 914.16 billion (US$ 11.15 billion) in 2022-23. The GSDP (in Rs.) increased at a CAGR of 7.51% between 2016-17 and 2022-23.

In 2022-23, the Gross Value Added (GVA) growth was estimated at 4.73% for the primary sector, 6.52% for the secondary sector, and 9.66% for the tertiary sector. In 2021-22, the secondary sector accounted for 52.06% of the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at current prices, followed by the tertiary sector at 40.10% and the primary sector at 7.84%.

As of September 2023, Goa had a total installed power generation capacity of 633.55 MW, of which thermal power plants accounted for a significant share in the total installed capacity with 559.96 MW, whereas nuclear and renewable energy contributed 33.84 MW and 39.75 MW, respectively. Goa is one of the few states in India to achieve 100% rural electrification.

Goa has a well-developed social, physical, and industrial infrastructure and virtual connectivity. It has an international airport that is in line with its importance as a globally recognised leisure destination. It also has significant port infrastructure. The state has an established base for the pharmaceuticals industry and an emerging destination for knowledge-based industries such as biotechnology and IT.

Merchandise exports from the state in FY23 stood at US$ 2.45 billion, and in FY24 (till July 2023) stood at US$ 0.79 billion. Drug formulations and biologicals were the most exported items, with a 50% share in FY23 (until July 2023). Iron and steel, organic chemicals, marine products and agrochemicals were the other key export commodities from Goa.

According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in the state stood at US$ 135.22 million between October 2019-June 2023.

Recent Developments in Key Sectors:

• In November 2023, the elevated road (Patradevi to Bambolim, the Porvorim stretch) is expected to be 5.2 km long and is expected to resolve the traffic blockage along this section of the NH-66 leading to Panaji and improve access to the Mopa airport. Once complete, the project will allow vehicles to drive at 80-100 kmph as against the current 40-60 kmph.
• In October 2023, 110 teachers from 39 disciplines from higher education institutes got training in digital education.
• In September 2023, Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) and Mormugao Port Authority (MPA) are in talks to ink the MoU for the redevelopment of berth no. 9 during the Global Maritime India Summit in Mumbai.
• In FY24 (till September 2023), Goa airport handled 3.42 million passengers and movement of 22,370 aircraft.
• In FY24 (till September 2023), Goa airport handled 2,787 MT of freight.
• In March 2023, to improve the 4G mobile network in the state, the cabinet decided to provide 2,000 sq. feet of space on government land for BSNL. The state government has received a request from BSNL for granting free Right of Way (ROW) permission to lay optical fibre cables (OFC) in planned locations as well as a no-objection certificate (NOC) for towers in 70 locations under the 4G saturation project.
• Goa Chief Minister Mr. Pramod Sawant announced that the state government has set a goal to ensure 100% renewable energy usage across all sectors by 2050. The government has committed to produce 150 MW of green energy over the next two years, with 100 MW solar power facilities being built around Goa.
• The 14th Clean Energy Ministerial and 8th Mission Innovation meeting (CEM14/MI-8) was held in Goa in July 2023.
• The Ministry of Tourism hosted the fourth G20 Tourism Working Group meeting and Tourism Ministerial Meeting in Goa in June 2023.
• On June 3rd, 2023, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi flagged Goa’s first Vande Bharat Express from Madgaon railway station.
• In March 2023, the Goa government announced the building of a cancer institute in the state. The minister met officials from Mumbai-based Tata Memorial Hospital in Panaji to discuss ways to set up a facility to treat cancer patients in the state.
• Goa becomes the country's first 'Har Ghar Jal' certified state. All 2.63 lakh rural households of Goa now have access to drinkable water via a tap connection.
• In December 2022, the Prime Minister inaugurated the Mopa International Airport, Goa. It is developed at a cost of around Rs. 2,870 crore (US$ 350.36 million).
• Union Minister Mr. Nitin Gadkari announced that the work on the Mumbai-Goa highway will be completed by December 2023.
• In November, 2022, the Indian Coast Guard laid the keel for two Coast Guard Pollution Control Vessels, GSL Yard 1267 & 1268, at the Goa Shipyard. The two Pollution Control Vessels were designed and constructed in-house by the Goa Shipyard and are scheduled to be delivered in February and August 2025, respectively.
• In October 2022, the Government of Goa signed a MoU with four startups - Navgurukul Foundation for Social Welfare (Haryana), Newton School (Bengaluru), Beunlu Pvt Ltd (Haryana), and ENTRI (Kerala). The goal is to provide at least 1,000 young people from the state with skills and employment assistance.
• In September 2022, Chief Minister Mr. Pramod Sawant launched “MANDAVI” (Mentoring and Nurturing Digital and Virtual Initiatives). He stated that the Mandavi Channel would offer students the chance to continue their education and finish their courses online if they are unable to complete direct courses.
• According to Industries Minister Mr. Mauvin Godinho, Goa anticipates at least Rs. 5,000 crore (US$ 606.85 million) in investments from the Invest Goa 22 Summit, along with the creation of 14,000 jobs.
• As of July 2022, Goa has seven formally approved and three notified special economic zones (SEZs). However, there are no operational SEZs in the state and no in-principle-approved SEZ.
• Under the Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme vertical of PMAY-U, one demonstration housing project of Rs. 5.54 crore (US$ 0.71 million) has been approved by the Government of India which will accommodate 51 homeless persons. This project will come up in Chimbel on the land provided by Provedoria.
• In July 2021, The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) selected Forum for Innovation Incubation Research & Entrepreneurship (FiiRE), a Goa-based start-up, to provide funding under the ‘Start-up India Seed Fund’ scheme to accelerate innovation in the state’s start-up ecosystem.
• In July 2021, the state government announced its plan to outsource e-government projects to local IT firms to boost the IT sector in Goa.
• In June 2021, the state governments of Goa and Kerala collaborated with Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL) to procure >30,000 two and three-wheeler electric vehicles (EVs) and accelerate the adoption of EVs in the country.
• In July 2021, Goa issued the draft ‘Goa Electric Mobility Promotion Policy, 2021’, proposing all two-wheelers to switch to electric by 2025. The state plans to provide subsidies for 11,000 EVs for the next five years (until 2025).
• In May 2021, Goa Chief Minister Mr. Pramod Sawant launched a solar-based electrification program for rural households in the state. This project will bring electricity through renewable energy to areas in Goa where grid connectivity is not feasible.
• On February 7, 2021, Union Fisheries Minister Mr. Giriraj Singh announced an investment of Rs. 400 crore (US$ 55.30 million) in Goa. These funds will be used to improve the fishing infrastructure of the state.
• A second greenfield international airport is being developed in Mopa, Goa with an annual capacity to handle 30 million passengers by phase IV.
• A new export policy for the state is also being prepared to promote exports of manufactured goods and surplus agricultural produce.
• Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has identified five islands in Goa, namely St George Island, Grande Island, Pequeno Island, Conco Island and Bhindo Island to carry out holistic development.

Geographical Area (sq km)

State language, literacy rate, key industries:, food processing, it and ites, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, related sites, related news.

Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi interacted with healthcare workers and beneficiaries of the COVID vaccination programme in Goa.

Food Corporation of India supplies 31.80 LMT free food grains to a States/ UTs under PMGKAY scheme.

Tourism sector witnesses a slow and gradual hiring trend with a hope of surge in domestic travel on the back of opening of the economy.

The 49th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) 2018 will be held in Goa from 20th to 28th November, 2018. 49th edition of the festival will showcase 212 films from over 68 countries which reflects diversity of taste. International Competition section has 15 films out of which 3 are Indian. Competition section itself represents films produced and co-produced by 22 countries.

Panaji: The Government of India's Export Inspection Agency (EIA) and Quality Council of India (QCI) are planning to set up a world-class laboratory in Goa to test the food quality, according to Mr Suresh Prabhu, Minister of Commerce and Industry and Civil Aviation, Government of India.

Not a member

Department of Information and Publicity

ROAD SHOW GOA@60 AT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM EVOKES GOOD RESPONSE

Speaking on the occasion District Collector, Shri Geromic George, IAS welcomed Goa State roadshow in the Kerala State. He said it’s his privilege to inaugurate Goa@60 programme and wished all the best and success for this endeavour. He said with this road show people of Kerala will visit beautiful Goa State. He said it’s a wonderful opportunity to the people of Kerala to actually experience Goan culture.

Shri Vishesh Naik welcomed while Shri Siddhesh Samant proposed vote of thanks.

The series of planned road shows to be held in six cities of India had started from Ahmedabad, followed by Udaipur, Rajasthan, Varanasi, Madurai and now Thiruvananthapuram. This Road Show will also be held at Mysore shortly as planned.

Through this three day event to be held from October 7, 2022 an attempt is being made to enlighten the people about the immense contribution of freedom fighters and martyrs who came to Goa from different parts of the country to participate in the freedom struggle movement of Goa and liberate Goa from the Colonial rule. The highlight of the event is the live performances by Goan artistes to enable people especially from Varanasi to witness and experience Goa’s rich cultural traditions, cuisine, hospitality, heritage and other areas.

It may be noted that after spectacular celebrations in Goa, the State Government has taken initiative to take the celebrations themed Goa @60 in other parts of the country to showcase the multifold achievements of Goa since liberation of the State, besides the tremendous growth in various spheres ranging from good governance to sports, art and culture, tourism, education, health care, attract more tourists and investors alike to accord impetus to infrastructure and many other areas to improve quality of life in Goa and to put Goa on the global map.

The Road Show is conceptualized by M/s Sean Advents Goa. The show will be held till October 9, 2022 at the venue and will be open for all general public. Inaugural session was followed by Goan folk dances performed by Goan artists which received overwhelming response from the crowd.

Government of Goa has decided to take the celebrations across the country to showcase the history and rich heritage, diverse cultures, cuisine, development and achievements attained over the last six decades which has put Goa on the world map after yearlong celebrations of 60th year of its Goa’s Liberation.

The initiative to showcase Goa and more is to attract visitors to Goa, investors and investments that will give further impetus to infrastructure, industries, tourism, agriculture, transport, Information Technology, safety and security, improving quality of life and to make Goa further shine on the global map.

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60 years of Goa’s industry

Former President of Goa Chamber of Commerce and Industry, MANGUIRISH PAI RAIKER walks down memory lane to list out the highlights of Goa’s tryst with industry in the post-Liberation era

Goa was the last territory to join mainstream India, nearly fourteen years after its independence. The stocktaking also becomes pertinent as it provides a graph of the progress made by this region, first as a Union Territory and then a full-fledged State.

Though sixty years may be too small a time in the life of a region, so as to derive its achievements, nonetheless it certainly makes one aware of the direction – right or wrong – in which it is heading.

Last off the Block

A land which was forcefully ruled by the Portuguese for over 450 years, first as its colony and then as an overseas province, was a totally backward and undeveloped region until its liberation from the colonial regime on December 19, 1961, when the Indian Army commenced with ‘Operation Vijay’ resulting in the annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu into the Indian Union.

In the pre-Liberation era, Goa had an agrarian society with almost eighty six percent population dependent on it. Mining had just about begun to take shape and very few got employed in that sector. Goa had neither an industrial set up, nor any avenues for jobs except for traditional skills like carpentry, blacksmith, bakery and seasonal brewing of cashew and coconut feni; and of course, fishing – in the traditional, un-mechanised format, which was one of the principle occupations.

14 years Economic Benefits  of Goa Liberation

The Portuguese dominated region provided few opportunities for basic education, and virtually no opportunities for higher education. It had neither industrial set up, nor any avenues for jobs. The life of the common man was at the mercy of the then existing feudal economy mostly toiling in the farms or fields. Breaking free from the shackles of slavery, Goa, which along with Daman and Diu was made into a centrally administered Union Territory of India, needed to stand on its feet, become a self-sustained region and compete with other States of the country that had already achieved independence 14 years earlier. The task became economically far more daunting as Goa had lost out on two Five-Year Plans that had provided the rest of the country a valuable lead in economic growth. However, this smallest region in the country by way of area, took up the gauntlet, and proved its mettle in the next six decades, with successive governments ensuring that the common man – the toddy tapper, the farmer, the fisherman and the coconut plucker among others – was the centre of focus of their governance. The gates, albeit, opened for the growth and development of the region.

Education: Game Changer

The Liberation of Goa took education to the doorsteps of the people, with schools opened in virtually every village, in every taluka. The number of government schools in the primary sector has presently reached 938, while there are 176 government-aided primary schools. In the upper primary category, there are 130 government schools and 291 government-aided schools. A number of higher education colleges imparting education in almost every discipline and a university also came up in the State immediately after Liberation. Thus providing facility to complete graduation studies, post-graduation and research in various faculties, within the State. The government further ensured that every taluka had at least one degree college. Furthermore, professional colleges in engineering, architecture and dentistry were established, while the existing medical and pharmacy colleges were upgraded. Education in Goa took a new turn when the region progressed from being the post-graduate Centre of Bombay University to its very own Goa University, which came into being established in 1985. The circle is complete with the State being now chosen to set up the National Institute of Technology campus as well as IIT-Goa campus. Goa already has a BITS Pilani extension campus.

The newly liberated Goa also made a quick foray into the industrial sector by inviting investments from major companies. The industrialization of the region began with the Birlas setting up Zuari Agro Chemicals, manufacturing chemical fertilizers; besides other prestigious companies like Madras Rubber Factory (MRF) and the then Ciba-Geigy establishing their factories

Industry Beckons

The newly liberated Goa also made a quick foray into the industrial sector by inviting investments from major companies. The industrialisation of the region began with the Birlas setting up Zuari Agro Chemicals, manufacturing chemical fertilizers. Soon after, other prestigious companies like Madras Rubber Factory (MRF) and the then Ciba-Geigy established their factories. Presently, Goa has over 7000 small scale industrial units as well as 150 large and medium scale industries employing over 55,000 people. The State has also developed 20 industrial estates; some of them established at Verna, Kundaim, Corlim, Tivim, Honda, Madkai, Sancoale, attracting leading companies to set up their shops. The farsightedness of the government and special income tax exemption scheme also resulted in attracting pharmaceutical investments in Goa, with over 80 reputed companies in this environment-friendly sector, presently generating a total revenue of over Rs 2,400 crore, and constituting roughly 12 per cent of the total drug production in the country. Nearly seventy percent of the production is exported and thirty percent consumed in the domestic market. Besides these, other sectors including light engineering, machinery manufacturing, food processing, automobile ancillaries, bus body building etc. are also functioning in Goa.

Service Sector & Logistics Hub: The New Horizon

Service industry is also taking shape in Goa, now. The IT industry, which was in a nascent stage so far, has started growing wings as more and more budding entrepreneurs have come forward with innovative ideas and launched their startup ventures with great degree of success. Incubation centres in the State has also helped the establishment and growth of this sector.

Besides this, logistics also started taking shape. Since Goa is blessed with a port, airport, railway and road network, connecting other parts of the country is easier and hence it requires a good strategic planning and implementation for this sector to develop. Logistics has great employment potential and the local population is in tune for these jobs. Warehousing is a big business and has good scope for development in the State.

Marine waterways transport can be developed to connect coastal States like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa, facilitating the trade from the hinterlands. This will help ease the pressure on the roads and also save fuel through this cheaper mode of transport. Service industry has great potential for growth.

The Sun & Sand Advantage

Tourism, forming a major backbone of the Goan economy, saw major hotel industry brands like Taj setting up their hospitality projects in the State. Currently, every major resort property brand on the international circuit has its presence in Goa. The number of tourists annually visiting the state has touched upwards of three million, with more than thousand direct charter flights landing in Goa. This facilitates direct entry of tourists from different parts of the world, with Goa being known as one of the leading tourism centres on the international circuit. Tourism, so far, has been developed only along the coastal areas. There is treemendous scope for promoting hinterlands to the visitors thereby also helping local folk art, agri-products and handicrafts to find market.

Art and culture has always been the pride of Goa, and successive governments never once let this fact go out of their sight. Kala Academy, the premier art and culture institution in the State provides a number of platforms to those engaging in performing arts. It also provides training in dance, music and drama to desiring students. The Goa College of Music widened the scope for acquiring knowledge in various facets of music. Goa, which has been blessed by a number of beautiful temples, churches and mosques, received the providential blessing whenever it faced any eventuality, and the situation turned in favour of Goa.

Struggle for Identity

The Opinion Poll fought for the very existence of Goa in 1967, not only ensured that Goa maintained its individual identity, but also helped Goa to evolve as a part of India with a unique culture. When Goa faced yet another threat in the form of language agitation in 1986, the event not only resulted in getting Konkani the status of an Official State Language, but ensured that the region with its own language was declared as the 25th State of the country. In the year 1992, Konkani was included in the VIIIth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Lights, Camera, Action

Since 2004, Goa made a mark on the international level by becoming the permanent venue for hosting the prestigious International Film Festival of India. Goa being blessed with natural beauty has inherent strengths too, there are artists, directors, film editors, musicians of national and international repute who can contribute to this industry. This has also helped Goa to be a destination for national and international cinema shootings. Cinema industry as well as producing programs for the smaller screens is gaining a foothold in Goa. This also has given opportunity to start a film city in the State; as well as ancillaries like sound, editing, dubbing studios – enabling ease in the process of film making.

The Road Ahead

Liberation also saw massive improvement in infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water supply; arrival of Konkan Railway in the State; and improvement in a number of sectors including transport, aviation, port, irrigation, fishery, health and finally literacy, which has crossed the 88 percent mark in the State.

The road ahead is long but not difficult. Goa is all set to have a new Regional Plan, a sports city, a film city, a sea-link bridge and an international airport at Mopa, North Goa.

The Government is willing to provide more and more facilities to Goans, so that the life of a common man is no different from that of a rich and influential person.

Six decades later, what appeared like a distant dream on December 19, 1961, has become a pleasant reality. The government and the people together have successfully attained this goal, while preserving the strong, secular fabric of the Goan society.

The stage is set for the State to move on in the next 40 years, and the only way it can go is up, higher up to become number one State in the country and be hailed as a model State. In doing so, it is also expected to meet the aspirations of the next generation and at the same time preserve the fragile ecology, bountiful nature and our charming heritage structures. We need to pass on to the next generation what we inherited from our predecessors, while also planning sustainable development in order to be in sync with the new world order.

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Manguirish Pai Raiker is associated with many associations in Goa, some of which he has led with great success. His way of taking all stakeholders along and treating each one with respect and dignity is the mark of his leadership quality. He was the President of Goa Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2011-13), Chairman of Goa Management Association (2008-10); Green Triangle Society, Ex-NCC Cadets Association, Bharat Scouts and Guides and many more. He has had the privilege of being nominated as the vice chairman of MSSIDC in Maharashtra and endeared himself to the business fraternity in the neighbouring state, as well.

      A first generation entrepreneur who committed himself to hard work and with disciplined life style made a mark for himself in the manufacturing sector. He rose to the national level being today a senior managing committee member of both FICCI and ASSOCHAM, which are prestigious industry and trade associations. He also chairs the National MSME Council and the Goa State Council of ASSOCHAM. He seats on several central committees including National Board for MSME and empowerment committee for MSME at RBI. He was awarded National Award for Excellence in Entrepreneurship in 1988 and Manager of the year Award in 2002 besides hosts of awards from various other organisations.

      He has served as member of State Sales Tax Advisory Committee, State Labour Advisory Committee, Labour Welfare Board, Sports Authority of Goa, Entertainment Society of Goa and various other boards. He is also associated with sports, educational and cultural organizations and is one of the main promoters of Indian Spastic Society, Goa Chapter and also on the Vice Chairman of India Red Cross Society, Goa Chapter. He is an acclaimed trainer and has unique distinction of being an Indian to conduct training for SAARC academy in Sri Lanka.

      He started the first school of agriculture and then a community college (Ramanata Crisna Pai Raikar School Of Agriculture), at Savoi-Verem, which provided opportunity for the Goan youth to gain knowledge of agriculture free of cost.

EODB is a major hurdle which has affected industrial investment in Goa: Ralph de Sousa

Goa attained freedom on 19th December 1961. The initial years went towards stabilisation and aligning with mainstream India.

At a time when the entire country was driven by Nehru’s vision of investments in industries and higher education as an apparatus of development, Goa, through Dayanand Bandodkar’s governance, prioritised human developments through schooling and health.

He did promote certain Industries with the two major Zuari Agro plant coming up in 1970 and MRF in 1971, followed by CIBA Geigy in Corlim, Old Goa. All along, Bandodkar’s focus remained steadfast on human development.

This prescient approach, which persisted right until statehood in 1987, is barely understood and even less acknowledged in the rest of India. Nonetheless, it laid the foundation for the State’s contemporary successes in human development, which underlines its vaunted quality of life.

Things changed rapidly after 2000. The famously idyllic coastline unexpectedly became one of the most highly sought after New Year’s destinations in the world. Goa’s tourism brand soared to global renown, then crashed once again when the State started becoming paralyzed beyond capacity during high season. From 2010, if the government figures are to be believed, the total number of visitors spiked past two million, it has been a madhouse: three million in 2013, four in 2015, five in 2016, and both 2018 and 2019 crossed an eye-watering eight million!

Mining was the most lucrative sector which peaked during 2005-2010, but was badly affected due to mismanagement, both on the Government front and the influx of fly-by-night operators. Mining stopped in 2012 with a trickle over the years and has badly hit the core Goan economy. The Government has done practically nothing to re-start with hollow promises and on paper solutions, which are not practical.

The saving grace for Goan industry came through the pharma sector today, which accounts for almost 12% of India’s pharma exports.

Currently, EODB is a major hurdle which has affected industrial investment in Goa and sustaining current industrial operations. The statutory governance was badly lost with the Late Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar shifting to the Centre and thereafter down with health issues. His successors were unable to sustain the speed of industrial development which is down to a trickle.

Sluggish pace of decision making, projects that take too long to fructify, presence of industrial units that burden the environment, slow generation of local employment, are some of the issues cited that has gone against the State becoming a manufacturing or service hub.

Light engineering, electronics, automobile value chain, food processing, Information Technology, Goa as an education hub are sectors that should be promoted. Goa cannot develop as a manufacturing hub as neither does it have the raw material nor the market. The production has to go out of the State. There is a huge scope for EOU units with the MOPA airport coming up.

The Government (Central) has supported with state-of-the-art infrastructure but it has left to the local Government to promote industrial growth. The Goa Investment Promotion and Faclitation Board is trying its best to attract investments, but it needs support in terms of land allotment, power and other infrastructural facilities.

It is pertinent to note that we are still far away from what was envisaged for Goa in 1961. It is time we look back at the opportunities missed and draw up a ‘Vision for Goan Industrial Sector’ for the next 10 years, considering sustainable industries in terms of economy as well as the environment.

Ralph de Sousa,  President, Goa Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Goa should opt for sustainable development: Robert Mendonsa

We congratulate the people of our Goa for not only winning its freedom, 60 years ago, but converting the rich resources of our land to its advantage for posterity.

Mother Nature’s bounty can be experienced all around, the red brown soil for mining, from which evolves a cross country flow of scenic greenery, the beaches for attracting tourism, supported by an excellent airport, with an array of globally aligned hotels and resorts.

In the midst of all of this natural beauty are our numerous industrial zones, that manufacture for varied business segments.

I am an ardent reader of Business Goa , and though sitting in Mumbai at our HQ, I am able to keep abreast of all the latest developments being undertaken by the private sector and Government of Goa.

Let us not rest on our laurels, I hope the warmth of the Goan community and their love for the land and culture, along with the NGOs of Goa, will stay vigilant and ensure that my ‘Home State’ is developed by keeping the Sustainable Developmental Goals of 2050 at the fore and always in mind.

Robert Mendonsa,  Chairman and Managing Director, Lawrence & Mayo Group

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