travel information for spain from uk

Spain entry requirements explained: The latest travel restrictions on Covid tests and vaccination

Unvaccinated uk tourists can visit spain, but covid requirements still apply.

Spain eased entry rules for UK travellers in May by lifting its ban on unvaccinated arrivals. However, it is yet to scrap all Covid-related rules for visitors from the UK as it has for arrivals from the European Union or Schengen countries.

It is possible that the Spanish authorities will change the requirements for Britons arriving in the country to match the rules for those travelling from the EU and drop all Covid requirements.

For now, all UK travellers aged 12 must either be fully vaccinated (with a 270 limit on the last jab), have recovered from Covid-19 in the previous six months or have tested negative for Covid before travel. Over-12s who cannot show proof of vaccination must also complete a health control form for entry.

What you need for entry to Spain

UK travellers aged 18 or over arriving in Spain by air must either be fully vaccinated, have recently tested negative for Covid or have recovered from Covid-19 in the past six months and have a recovery certificate to prove this.

By Spain’s definition, fully vaccinated means that adults need to have received a booster if 270 days or more has passed since their final dose of an initial vaccination course. The latest updates to Spain’s entry rules are published on the tourism board’s Travel Safe website .

Over-12s arriving from the UK on a flight will require one of the following:

• Proof of full vaccination, with an EU Digital Covid Certificate, or equivalent, such as an NHS Covid Pass 
• A negative Covid-19 test result: either a PCR test taken 72 hours prior to departure or an antigen test result taken 24 hours prior to departure (you will need an official documentation of the test result, from a professional tester) 
• Proof of recovery from Covid-19 in the past six months with an official medical certificate or recovery record

The entry rules for children

Children aged 12 and over are subject to the same rules as adults when travelling from the UK to Spain by air. However, children under 12 do not need to present proof of vaccination, a negative or recovery for entry to Spain.

More from Travel

Spain’s travel form and who needs to complete it

Travellers aged 12 or over who cannot show proof of full vaccination (which will include a booster for most Britons) or having recovered from Covid-19 in the previous six months must complete Spain’s Travel Health Control Form no more than 48 hours prior to travel.

Children under 12 do not need to complete an online Health Control Form before travel to Spain. Travellers aged 12 and over who do have proof of full vaccination (likely to include a booster) or recovery from prior Covid-19 infection in the last six months are not required to complete Spain’s Travel Health Control Form.

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Travel To Spain From UK

What You Need To Know

Travel to Spain From the UK

When it comes to travelling from the UK to Spain, there are several options available to suit different preferences and budgets. Whether you're looking for a quick flight, a scenic road trip, or a leisurely ferry ride, Spain is easily accessible from the UK.

There are also a few other things that you should prepare before your trip commences such as medical cover, travel insurance and the new Etias Visa Waiver system

In this article, we'll explore the main travel options, including air travel, road trips, and ferry crossings, plus provide you with all the information you need to plan your journey.

Air Travel:

One of the most popular and convenient ways to reach Spain from the UK is by air.

With numerous flights operating between major cities, you can easily find direct flights to popular Spanish destinations such as Barcelona , Madrid, Malaga, Palma de Mallorca, Alicante and Valencia.

Airlines such as British Airways, Ryanair, EasyJet, and Iberia offer regular flights from various UK airports. Try checking for low-cost flights via the Cheap Flights website , which often has special flight deals to Spain.

Flying to Spain provides the advantage of saving time and reaching your destination quickly. It's an excellent option for those looking for a hassle-free journey and limited travel time.

Additionally, many airports in Spain are well-connected to the city centers, making it convenient to explore your desired destination upon arrival.

Road Trips:

For those who enjoy the adventure of a road trip, driving from the UK to Spain offers a unique experience. The journey can be divided into several stages, allowing you to explore different countries and landscapes along the way.

The most common route is through France, where you can drive through scenic regions such as the Loire Valley, Bordeaux, and the Pyrenees.

Travelling by road provides the freedom to stop at charming towns, explore hidden gems, and take in breathtaking landscapes.

It's an opportunity to create your own itinerary and discover the beauty of multiple countries en route to Spain.

However, it's important to plan your journey in advance, considering factors like driving regulations, tolls, and accommodation options along the way.

Ferry Crossings:

If you prefer a more relaxed and scenic mode of transportation, ferry crossings offer a delightful way to travel from the UK to Spain.

Several ferry operators, such as Brittany Ferries and P&O Ferries , offer regular sailings from ports like Portsmouth, Plymouth, and Southampton to destinations including Santander and Bilbao in northern Spain.

Taking a ferry allows you to bring your car, giving you the freedom to explore Spain at your own pace once you arrive.

Onboard facilities like restaurants, bars, and entertainment options ensure a comfortable and enjoyable journey. Moreover, you can enjoy breathtaking views of the sea and coastline during the crossing, adding a touch of adventure to your travel experience.

Considerations and Tips:

Travel Documents: Ensure you have valid passports and any necessary visas for your trip.

Booking in Advance: To secure the best deals and availability, it's advisable to book flights, ferries, or accommodations in advance, especially during peak travel seasons. Our travel resources page will help you find deals and help you plan your Spanish holiday.

Travel Insurance: Don't forget to obtain comprehensive travel insurance that covers any potential emergencies or medical needs during your trip.

Local Regulations: Familiarise yourself with the local driving regulations if you plan to drive in Spain and ensure your vehicle meets the necessary requirements.

Itinerary Planning: Research your destination thoroughly and plan your itinerary to make the most of your time in Spain.

ETIAS Visa Waiver: The new ETIAS visa waiver system takes effect in November 2023.

Download our comprehensive article all about travelling to Spain . You can also download our FREE E-Guides , to help you plan your next holiday to Spain.

Medical Cover Whilst Visiting Spain

When you travel to Spain from UK you should be in possession of an EHIC or GHIC card and travel insurance .

• European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)
• UK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC)
• Travel insurance with appropriate healthcare cover

An EHIC or GHIC is not a replacement for travel insurance. You should have both before you travel to Spain from the UK.

What EHIC and GHIC covers

An EHIC or GHIC provides coverage for state healthcare services and not for private treatment. With an EHIC or GHIC, you can receive the medically necessary treatment in Spain under the same conditions as a Spanish citizen. This means that you will receive healthcare services either for free or at a reduced cost.

However, it's important to note that an EHIC or GHIC is not a substitute for travel insurance. It does not cover all eventualities, such as mountain rescue or medical repatriation back to the UK. Therefore, it is recommended to have both an EHIC or GHIC and travel insurance in place before travelling to Spain .

If you do not have an EHIC, GHIC, or provisional replacement certificate (PRC), you may be required to pay the full cost for any treatment you receive within the Spanish healthcare system.

To ensure you have appropriate coverage and avoid any unexpected expenses, it is essential to carry a valid EHIC or GHIC and have comprehensive travel insurance in place before your trip to Spain. This way, you can have peace of mind and access necessary healthcare services while enjoying your time abroad.

How to apply for an EHIC or GHIC card?

You can easily apply for these cards for free on the NHS website .

How to use it

Show your EHIC or GHIC when you visit any state hospital or doctor.

Important: EHIC or GHIC cards will not cover private health care in Spain. private healthcare.

Latest Entry Requirements To Travel to Spain from the UK

Spain has dropped its ongoing Covid travel restrictions from October 2022, especially for those looking to travel to Spain from UK.

This means that vaccinated and unvaccinated travellers alike can now enjoy all that Spain has to offer without the worry of additional testing or proof of vaccination.

This should bring a sense of freedom and peace of mind to everyone looking to  travel to Spain .

Travelling to Spain From The UK

The entry rules for UK citizens into Spain are the same as other EU and NON-EU citizens as far as the COVID-19 regulations are concerned, from the 21st of October 2022 you are NOT required to:

• Show proof of being fully vaccinated
• Show proof of a negative COVID-19 test
• Show proof of having recovered from COVID-19 in the last 6 months.
• No need to complete a health control form prior to travel.

Visa Requirements: The new ATIAS Visa Waiver system takes effect from November 2023.

At the moment UK citizens are not required to have prior approval or a visa to visit Spain or other EU countries. This, however, will change from November 2023 when the new ETIAS visa waiver system take effect.

UK citizens will be able to apply online for the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) for travelling to the Schengen area.

ETIAS is a visa waiver system that allows UK citizens to stay in the Schengen area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period.

To be eligible for ETIAS, UK citizens must have a valid passport that is valid for at least 3 months after their planned departure date from the Schengen area.

They must also have a valid debit or credit card to pay the ETIAS fee. In addition, you will need to answer a few security-related questions before submitting the application.

Applying for an ETIAS Visa Waiver

• Over 40 countries will require an ETIAS VISA
• The start date for ETIAS is November 2023
• The cost is € 7 per person.
• It is FREE for persons under 18 and over 70
• It takes approximately 1 hour for issuance once applied for.
• An ETIAS VISA will last 3 years.

To apply for the visa waiver you will need to visit the official ETIAS website which should be available close to November 2023. Hopefully, there will also be a mobile app available.

Applications will be available entirely online and all information you provide should be accurate and correct, failure to do so could result in unnecessary delays or outright rejection of your application

The process will take around 10 minutes, once complete you will receive within a short time the confirmation and authority to enter the EU.

The cost of the application is proposed to be €7 per person over the age of 18, you will need the following items to apply for ETIAS.

• A valid Biometric UK passport.
• A credit/debit card is used to pay for the ETIAS application.
• An active email address.

Please note that for Spain travel requirements your passport validity should have at least 3 months remaining before your intended departure.

For the ETIAS application, you will need to provide accurate information about you and your travel plans, including:

• Full name, place, date of birth, and gender.
• Full contact details such as your current address, email address, and phone number.
• Full passport details, date and place of issue, and your country of residence.
• Your travel plans such as which countries you plan to visit within the EU.
• There will also be a few questions relating to health and security.

Once the online application for ETIAS is launched, it is estimated that there will be an acceptance rate of approximately 95%.

In the event that your ETIAS application is rejected, you will receive an email providing detailed explanations for the decision and instructions on how to file an appeal if desired.

Once your application is approved, the ETIAS authorization will remain valid for three years, allowing you to stay in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within a 180-day period.

Although at the moment the application process is not currently in operation you will be able to apply for an ETIAS Visa Waiver via the official EU Etias website here:  https://travel-europe.europa.eu/etias_en.

Useful Phone Numbers in Spain

Emergency Services:

• Ambulance: 061
• Fire brigade: 080
• National police: 091
• Local police: 092
• Maritime Rescue 902 202 202
• National Police: 091
• Local police: 112 & 092
• Civil Guard: 062

Lost or Stolen Credit Cards

• Visa: 900 991 124
• American Express. 902 375 637
• Mastercard: 900 971 231
• United Kingdom: +34 917 146 300
• United States: +34 915 87 22 00
• France: +34 914 23 89 00
• Germany: +34 915 57 90 00
• Italy: +34 914 23 33 00
• Australia: +34 913 53 66 00
• Canada: +34 913 82 84 00
• Sweden: +34 917 02 20 00
• Denmark: +34 914 31 84 45
• Japan: +34 915 90 76 00

European Wide Emergency Number:

• Emergency services: 112

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Be prepared to visit Spain with these 16 things to know before you go

Jun 21, 2023 • 6 min read

Here's what you need to know to get ready for a trip to Spain © Flashpop / Getty Images

Spain has been home for the past 16 years, ever since I moved to its capital Madrid in my early thirties.

From day one, it was easy to be charmed by this warm and inviting country . It ticks a lot of  boxes in terms of what you’re looking for in a European destination – great cuisine and wine , spectacular landscapes , architectural gems, green spaces and a thriving art scene. 

Getting around the country is also very convenient, thanks to Spain's efficient and reliable multi-modal public transport system . And the Spanish people are some of the friendliest locals, who will happily go out of their way to point you in the right direction if you’re lost.

Of course there were still some cultural quirks I had to adjust to – for one, eating times in Spain are very late in comparison with the rest of the world's dining schedules. I still remember my early days in Madrid when my belly would be in outright rebellion while waiting for “early” dinner reservations at 9pm. And forget about making a speedy exit from social gatherings; in Spain saying farewell could take up another hour of your time.

Cultural idiosyncrasies aside, your trip to this incredible country can be your most memorable one yet if you plan well ahead, and follow these useful travel tips.

1. Pack warm clothes. Really.

There is a humorous Spanish expression that goes, “Hasta cuarenta de mayo, no te quites el sayo” , which translates to “Until the 40th of May, don’t remove your coat” – sage advice to keep a jacket handy until mid-June. While Spain may be famous for its blue skies and sun-drenched beaches, it actually has more colder seasons in the year than warm ones, during early spring (March to May), autumn (September to November) and winter (December to February). Regions in northern Spain, such as the Basque Country, Asturias and Galicia, have cooler temperatures compared to the rest of the country. 

2. Being cashless is common

Card is king in Spain. The main tourist hubs such as Madrid, Barcelona , San Sebastián and Ibiza are generally credit card-friendly destinations. In fact, you could go cashless for days and pay for your meals, drinks, taxis and bus fares without a problem using a credit or debit card.

If you do bring cash, make sure you have loose change. Several establishments, bus and taxi drivers, especially on morning shifts, usually do not have change for bigger bills. So if you prefer paying cash, it’s a good idea to be stocked up on smaller bills (€5 and €10) and coins.

3. Choose your time to visit Madrid wisely

Think twice about visiting Madrid in August . Most establishments in the Spanish capital close, and Madrileños usually head for the beaches to escape the brutal August heat . 

4. Expect to eat late

Prepare for late Spanish dining times. Many tourists who come to Spain for the first time end up hungry while waiting for restaurants to open. Most restaurants open for lunch from 1pm to 4pm, and dinner from 8pm to 1am. A lot of establishments also close on Mondays. You can stave off hunger pangs before mealtimes by snacking on tapas – small savory plates that are usually free with a drink order in many Spanish cities. In San Sebastián or Bilbao in the Basque Country , you can savor pintxos , or bite-sized portions typically served on a slice of bread and skewered with a toothpick.

5. Ordering certain drinks will immediately mark you as a tourist

A popular drink among tourists, sangría is usually served in pitchers meant for sharing, and not by the glass. Instead, try ordering a local favorite that’s similar to sangría, tinto de verano , a concoction of red wine and lemon soda. 

Ask for a caña  like a local instead of a cerveza . A caña  is a small glass of beer on tap (about 250ml).

6. Tipping is not expected

European countries in general don’t have a tipping culture. But of course, it is very much appreciated – especially if you enjoyed good service. 

7. Don't eat food while you’re on the move

Eating is an age-old pleasure that must be savored unhurriedly, so it’s uncommon to see Spaniards biting sandwiches or munching on fries while walking down the street or riding public transportation. 

8. Look for fixed-price lunches

Order the menú del día (daily menu) for lunch on weekdays. Take your cue from the locals and ask for the fixed-price menu (ranging from €8 to €17) that includes a three-course meal with dessert, drinks, bread and coffee.

9. Eat late, stay late

Make time for sobremesa  – lingering long after a meal for a post-dining conversation. This is a hallmark of sociable Spanish culture, to extend conversations well beyond mealtimes to be able to enjoy each other’s company for as long as possible, usually over drinks.

10. Keep an eye on your belongings

Be vigilant of pickpockets and keep your belongings close. Pickpockets are unfortunately rampant in high tourist traffic areas. If you’re sitting at an outdoor table, watch out for vendors that get suspiciously close and distract you with their items for sale, such as flowers or lottery tickets, while they surreptitiously steal your wallet or mobile phone on the table (this is a modus operandi I’ve witnessed more than once!). 

11. You can drink tap water in Spain

Go ahead and drink the tap water. Spanish tap water or “agua de grifo” is safe to drink, though the taste varies across regions. 

12. There's one number for an emergency

Call 112 for any emergency. You can contact this number for any kind of emergency in Spain, even without a Spanish SIM card on your mobile phone. You’ll be connected to the right emergency service through multilingual operators. To contact the Spanish National Police, dial 091. 

 13. Dress appropriately when away from the beach

Opt for smart casual attire and avoid overly casual outfits like athleisure wear, beachwear, or excessively revealing clothing in the city. If you’re visiting religious sites such as churches, cathedrals or mosques, cover your shoulders and knees to show respect for these places.

14. Brush up on basic Spanish

Like any destination, it helps a lot if you know basic local phrases. While you can get by speaking English in the bigger, more touristy cities, it is a different story when visiting smaller, lesser-known towns outside the tourist radar. 

Don't say “no problemo”, which is incorrect. The correct phrase is “no hay problema” or more colloquially, say “no pasa nada” . 

15. Know what is considered polite

Greet people, even strangers. It’s commonplace to greet people in elevators, shops and along hallways. Compliment good service by saying “muy amable” . Meaning “very kind”, this is a commonly used polite phrase to express gratitude for someone’s helpfulness. It can be said in different situations – if a person has gone out of their way to assist you, like giving you directions, holding a door or giving up their seat for you. You can also say this to show your appreciation for customer service that goes above and beyond.

16. Don’t leave a social gathering without saying goodbye

It is generally frowned upon to leave an occasion without letting your host know. However, be prepared for a long, drawn out goodbye – the Spanish are highly sociable people who like extending conversations, leading to lengthy, and often multiple stages of farewells. 

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Home » Travel Info

Travel Information for UK Citizens Visiting Spain

The requirements needed to travel to Spain will change from 2025. Anyone visiting the Schengen region from visa-exempt countries will need to fill out an ETIAS application form. For more information about ETIAS travel check out our Requirements Page.

Get notified when ETIAS is mandatory

Start ETIAS Application online

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Welcome to Europe

Visiting Spain

Before you book your trip to Spain, make sure that you are familiar to Spain’s ETIAS Requirements . Spanish National Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently issued a Level 3 Health Notice for Spain because of the high prevalence of Covid-19. It requires from travelers to have EMA-approved vaccine or PCR test upon arrival.

From 2025, Spain as well as other Schengen, EFTA and European Microstates with Open Borders countries will have new entry requirements. Nationals of 59 Visa-Exempt Countries will need to have ETIAS authorisation to enter the country.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Spain may impose additional requirements or restrictions, which will be separate and independent from the ETIAS requirements.

Travel Information and Requirements

You must have Valid Biometric Passport to be eligible for ETIAS Authorisation. Since 2010 , the UK government has issued biometric passports, meaning that you don’t need to apply for a new passport, as long as it has validity throughout your stay in Spain.

All fees should be paid by valid credit or debit card. ETIAS authorisation is valid for three years. However, if your current passport expires before your autorisation’s expiration date, you need to apply for a new ETIAS Visa Waiver for your new passport.

Can’t find what you are looking for? Reach out to our customer support team.

Do I Need ETIAS to Travel to Spain?

Yes. From 2025, as a UK citizen you will be asked to apply for ETIAS authorisation to enter Spain.

By Launching ETIAS System, the European Union intends to enhance the safety and security of the EU’s external borders and reduce the risks of illegal migration.

Where Are British Consulates Located in Spain?

There are five British Consulates in Spain:

Madrid – British Consulate General – Torre Espacio, P.º de la Castellana, 259D, 28046

Barcelona – British Consulate General – Avinguda Diagonal, 477, 13ª, 08036

Malaga – British Consulate – Calle Mauricio Moro Pareto 2, Edificio Eurocom, 29006

Alicante – British Consulate – Edificio Espacio, Rambla Méndez Núñez 28-32, 6ª planta, 03002

Santa Cruz de Tenerife – British Consulate – Pl. del Gral. Weyler, 8, 1º, 38003

For more information check out the British Government Website .

What Are the Covid-19 Travel Requirements in Spain?

Every person (except children under the age of 12) traveling to Spain from a high-risk country, must comply with the Covid-19-related requirements of Spanish Ministry of Health.

Additional information can be seen on the website of Spanish Ministry of Health.

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United Kingdom

Travel Advisory July 26, 2023

United kingdom - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution in the United Kingdom due to terrorism.

Country Summary:  Terrorist groups continue plotting possible attacks in the United Kingdom. Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, local government facilities, hotels, clubs, restaurants, places of worship, parks, major sporting and cultural events, educational institutions, airports, and other public areas.

There is also a risk of isolated violence by dissident groups in Northern Ireland, focused primarily on police and military targets.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to the United Kingdom.

If you decide to travel to the United Kingdom:

• Be aware of your surroundings when traveling to tourist locations and crowded public venues.
• Follow the instructions of local authorities.
• Monitor local media for breaking events and adjust your plans based on new information.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and Twitter.com/Travelgov
• Review the  Country Security Report  for the United Kingdom.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel and return to the United States.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

Must be valid for the duration of your stay in the United Kingdom   (If you have onward travel to countries outside the United Kingdom, you should check the passport validity requirements for each additional country on their respective information pages.)

Must have at least one page

Not required for stays less than six months.

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy london.

33 Nine Elms Lane London, SW11 7US United Kingdom Telephone: +(44)(20) 7499-9000 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(44)(20) 7499-9000 Fax: +(44) (20) 7891-3845 Email:   [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Edinburgh, Scotland 3 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BW Scotland Telephone: 013-1556-8315 / from the United States: 011 (44)(13) 1556-8315 Emergency After-Hours Telephone:  020-7499-9000 / from the United States: 011 (44)(20) 7499-9000 Fax: 0131-557-6023 /from the United States: 011 (44) 131-557-6023 Email:   [email protected]

U.S. Consulate General Belfast, Northern Ireland Danesfort House, 223 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5GR Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Telephone: 028-9038-6100 / from the United States: 011 (44)(28) 9038-6100 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: 01253-501106 / from the United States: 011 (44) 1253-501106 Fax: 028-9068-1301 / from the United States: 011 (44)(28) 9068-1301 Email: [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

• To enter the United Kingdom, your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your planned stay.
• Starting June 2019, U.S. passport holders will be able to use the ePassport Gates upon arrival in the United Kingdom. U.S. citizens who had previously registered for the UK’s Registered Traveller Service (RTS) should now also use the ePassport Gates on arrival in the UK.
• If you are planning onward travel after departing the UK, note that many other countries require at least six months’ remaining validity on your passport to enter. If you are bound for Continental Europe, please see our  U.S. travelers in Europe page for additional details.
• Visas for specific categories of visitors must be obtained prior to travel. Visit the  UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) website to determine if you need a visa to enter the United Kingdom. We cannot intervene on your behalf when you apply for a UK visa, nor can we advocate for your admission into the UK if you are denied entry.
• Students and prospective students should visit the  UKVI website  to determine if they need a visa.
• For some U.S. travelers, especially students, an entry stamp is required.  Please consult this website  for more information.
• Unpaid and paid workers, interns, volunteers, charity workers, and temporary workers can find information about obtaining a visa on the  UKVI website .
• Visitors traveling to the United Kingdom to get married, even if they do not plan to reside there, must obtain a visa in advance. See the  UKVI website  for visa information.
• Surcharges apply to certain categories of visas, generally those involving work, study, or residency for more than six months. More information is available on the  UKVI website  and in our Health section below.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of the United Kingdom.

Find information on  dual nationality ,  prevention of international child abduction  and  customs regulations  on our websites.

Safety and Security

Terrorist groups continue plotting possible near-term attacks in Europe. The UK Security Service publishes specific reasons for any changes in the threat level and recommended actions for the public via its  UK threat levels website .

There is the potential for  isolated violence  related to the political situation in Northern Ireland. The Police Service of Northern Ireland assesses there is a continued threat of violence from dissident groups in Northern Ireland, focused primarily on police and military targets, and may involve the use of  firearms  and  explosives . Tensions may be heightened during the summer marching season (April to August), particularly on and around the July 12 public holiday.

Avoid areas of demonstrations  if possible, and be careful within the vicinity of demonstrations. Demonstrations occur frequently in and around city centers and areas where tourists frequent. Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can turn confrontational and possibly escalate to violence.

The phone number for  police/fire/ambulance emergency services  is  999  in the United Kingdom and  112  in Gibraltar. You should also use these numbers to report security threats or suspicious packages. Also see information for  contacting police from abroad .

• Be cautious and aware of your surroundings.
• Be vigilant, as  pickpocketing ,  mugging,  and “snatch and grab” theft of mobile phones, watches and jewelry can occur.
• Do not leave bags unattended in restaurants, pubs, hotel lobbies, and parked cars.
• Be alert to other criminal schemes, such as  impostors  posing as undercover police officers and “fining” tourists for bogus minor offenses. A legitimate Metropolitan Police Services officer will never demand an immediate cash payment.
• Use only licensed Black Cabs or pre-ordered car services (minicabs) . Unlicensed taxis or private cars posing as taxis may offer low fares, but in some instances, travelers have been  robbed  or  sexually assaulted  while using these cars. See Transport for London for additional information on cabs and car services .
• Avoid using ATMs that look temporary in structure or location  or are located in isolated areas – they may not be legitimate. Use ATMs located inside a bank branch.

Scams : Before sending any money to individuals you have never met in person, visit the  Embassy London website  for more information about  internet financial scams  and how to protect yourself.

See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information on scams.

Victims of Crime : Report crimes to the local police at 999 (United Kingdom) or 112 (Gibraltar) and contact the U.S. Embassy at +(44) (20) 7499-9000.

• Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes.

See our webpage on  help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• help you find appropriate medical care
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide our information on  victim compensation programs in the United States
• The Victim Support website  is maintained by an independent UK charity to help people cope with the effects of crime
• A Northern Ireland-based independent charity maintains a similar  victim support website
• In Scotland, victims of crime should contact  Victim Support Scotland
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support if you are destitute
• help you find accommodation and arrange flights home
• replace a stolen or lost passport

Domestic Violence:  U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence may contact the Embassy for assistance.

Tourism:  The tourism industry is generally regulated and rules are regularly enforced. Hazardous areas/activities are identified with appropriate signage and professional staff is typically on hand in support of organized activities. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is widely available throughout the country. Outside of a major metropolitan center, it may take more time for first responders and medical professionals to stabilize a patient and provide life-saving assistance. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. 

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice  website.

• You will be arrested if you bring pocket knives, blades, mace or pepper spray canisters, or any part of a gun into the United Kingdom . Please refer to the UK government publication  Travelling to the UK , which details the items visitors are prohibited from bringing into the United Kingdom.
• Penalties against  alcohol-related  and other  in-flight  crimes committed aboard aircraft to and from the United Kingdom are stiff and are enforced with  prison sentences . Please also see  our information on U.S. customs regulations  covering your return to the United States.
• Controlled Substances: UK law prohibits possession and trafficking of controlled substances and narcotics, including some substances that may be legal to possess under the law of certain U.S. states. More information on controlled substances is available here . Individuals who violate UK drug laws may face penalties including fines or prison sentences.

Arrest Notification:  If you are arrested or detained in the United Kingdom, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our  webpage  for further information.

Special Circumstances:

• The legal drinking age in the United Kingdom is 18. Parents and organizers of school trips should read our  Students Abroad website  to help plan a safe and enjoyable experience.
• Scotland’s “drink drive limit” law was amended to a lower level (roughly .05 BAC) and is stricter than the rest of the United Kingdom (roughly .08 BAC). This means that  driving after even one drink  can result in a charge of driving under the influence.
• The United Kingdom has very strict gun control laws, and importing firearms is extremely complicated.  Information on applying for a firearm and/or shotgun certificate can be found on the  London Metropolitan Police Firearms licensing webpage .  Licenses from England or Wales may not be valid in Scotland; please check with the appropriate authorities.  For firearms certificates for Scotland, please check with  Police Scotland .

Faith-Based Travelers:  See our following webpages for details:

• International Religious Freedom Report  – see country reports
• Human Rights Report  – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers:  There are no legal restrictions on same-sex sexual relations or the organization of LGBTI events in the United Kingdom.

See our  LGBTI Travel Information  page and section 6 of our  Human Rights report  for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance:

• UK law requires that all public service providers (except in the transportation sector) make “reasonable adjustments” to ensure their services are available to persons with disabilities.  Nevertheless, code exemptions permit many older buildings to have steps up from the street.
• Getting around in cities may be difficult at times because sidewalks can be narrow and uneven.
• Most London Underground and UK National Rail System stations are not readily accessible for people with disabilities.  Many stations do not have elevators, and have stairways and long corridors for changing trains or exiting to the street. Many UK buses are equipped with lowering platforms for limited-mobility or sight- or hearing-disabled travelers.
• Many taxis have swivel-entry seats or retractable ramps to ease entry.
• Disabled parking permits (known as “blue badges”) are issued by local government councils throughout the country. Visit the  UK government website  for contact information. Some councils may not offer permits to temporary visitors.

The  Transport for London  and  National Rail  websites provide information for passengers with disabilities.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers:  See our travel tips for  women travelers .

While medical services are widely available,  free medical care  under the National Health System (NHS) is allowed only for UK residents, certain EU nationals, and some visa holders.

An NHS surcharge is assessed on certain visa applicants at the time of application.  Tourists and short-term visitors will not be assessed the surcharge, but will be charged 150 percent of the cost of any medical treatment they receive from the NHS. Unpaid balances of £1,000 or more can result in being barred from return to the United Kingdom.

• The U.S. government does not pay medical bills, and U.S. Medicare is not valid overseas.

Medical Insurance:  Make sure your health insurance plan provides  coverage overseas . Most care providers overseas only accept  cash payments . See our webpage for more information on insurance coverage overseas.

• We strongly recommend  supplemental insurance  to cover medical evacuation.

Carry  prescription medication  in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Traveling with sufficient supplies to last the duration of your trip is recommended. Mailing prescriptions is prohibitive and may be delayed or rejected by British customs.

Certain prescriptions available in the United States are classified as a "controlled drug"  in the United Kingdom and cannot be brought into the country without applying for and obtaining a prior license. This includes prescriptions for medical marijuana or products containing CBD and THC.  Please visit the https://www.gov.uk/travelling-controlled-drugs for additional information. 

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations  recommended for international travel by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC)

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:  Road conditions in the United Kingdom can differ significantly from those in the United States.

• In contrast to the United States, UK traffic drives on the left.  Read the  Highway Code  before driving.
• Emergency call boxes  (orange telephone booths with “SOS” printed on them) are found at half-mile intervals along motorways. White and blue poles point in the direction of the nearest call box. Call boxes dial directly to a motorway center. Use these phones rather than a personal cell phone, because motorway center personnel will immediately know your exact location.
• Generally,  pedestrians do not have the right of way  and should not expect vehicles to stop for them.

Many U.S. citizen pedestrians are injured, some fatally, every year in the United Kingdom, because they forget that oncoming  traffic approaches from the opposite direction  than in the United States.  Exercise extra care when crossing streets; remain alert and look both ways before stepping into the street.

Traffic Laws: 

• UK penalties for driving under the influence of  alcohol  or  drugs  are strict and often  result in prison sentences .
• Using a  hand-held cell phone  or similar device while driving is  illegal  in the United Kingdom. Only hands-free phones may be used. You will be  fined , or in the case of an accident,  arrested  and serve time in  prison .
• The speed limit on highways/motorways in the United Kingdom is 70 mph, or lower when posted.
• You will be  detained  and  arrested  if you cannot provide a UK address to receive a subpoena or are about to depart the United Kingdom and have to be brought to court quickly for a motoring offense.
• In Central London, a congestion charge is levied on all drivers who pass through the congestion zone. You will be  fined  or  arrested  if you do not pay the charge. See  Transport for London  for more information about driving in London.

Public Transportation:  Public transport in the United Kingdom is extensive.

• Information on disruptions to London transportation services can be found on the  Transport for London  website.
• Information about the status of National Rail Services can be found on the  National Rail Enquiries  website.
• Bus and train service information in Northern Ireland can be found on the  Translink  website.
• Bus and train service information in Scotland can be found on the  Traveline Scotland  website.

See our  Road Safety page  for more information. For specific information concerning UK driving permits, vehicle inspection, road tax, and mandatory insurance, refer to the  UK Department for Transport  website or the  Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency  website.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has assessed the government of the United Kingdom’s Civil Aviation Authority as being in compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards for oversight of United Kingdom’s air carrier operations. Further information may be found on the  FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to the United Kingdom should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts at  www.marad.dot.gov/msci . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website and the NGA broadcast warnings website (select “broadcast warnings”).

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in the United Kingdom . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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Brits going to Spain warned of unknown rule that requires them to prove they have enough spending money

British tourists who arrive in spain will need to prove they have enough spending money during their trip..

It is no secret that we absolutely love Spain.

From Barca and Madrid to Jerez and Seville, there is so much to explore.

And more than 17 million Brits decided to head South for their holiday last year, up 15 percent from 2022.

Just a two and a half hour flight away, it's an easy, relatively cheap holiday destination, depending on where you stay and when you fly, of course.

Now, whether we like it or not, things have changed post Brexit , and it's important to be aware of what's changed when you arrive at the airport.

UK tourists now need to prove they have enough spending money during their trip.

If not, you are at risk of being denied entry.

UK TV personality Gillian McKeith was among the many who were fuming when they found out about the new regulations, which have been in place since 2022.

"Spain is not worth the hassle. There must be better places to go," she tweeted.

"Brits should forget about Spain and expand their travel horizons!" another holidaymaker said.

You'll basically need acceptable evidence that you have at least €113.40 (£96.97) a day, for the duration of your stay, along with proof of accommodation.

The UK Foreign Office said this can be 'a hotel booking confirmation, proof of address if visiting your own property (eg second home), or an invitation from your host or proof of their address if staying with a third party, friends or family'.

However, the Spanish Tourist Office has hit back at the criticism, and has explained that 'this is not a new requirement' for non EU members.

"The requirement for UK travellers to be able to illustrate sufficient means for the duration of their stay and the return is established in the Schengen Borders Code and is not a Spain-specific requirement," said Manuel Butler, Spanish Tourist Office director (UK).

"This is not a new requirement and has been in place for some time for visitors from outside of the European Union or Schengen area."

Although Butler explains that these rules won't be implemented on every single person who enters the country.

"When entering Spain, these checks are not systematically carried out for every traveller," he said.

Spain's Ministry of the Interior adds: "Foreigners must prove, if they are required to do so by the officials in charge of controlling the entry of people into Spanish territory, that they have financial resources.

"Currently, the minimum amount to be credited is €113.40 per person per day (with effect from January 1, 2024)."

Topics:  UK News , Travel , Brexit , Money

Anish is a GG2 Young Journalist of the Year 2024 finalist. He has a Master's degree in Multimedia Journalism and a Bachelor's degree in International Business Management. Apart from that, his life revolves around the ‘Four F’s’ - family, friends, football and food. Email: [email protected]

@ Anish_Vij

• 32 million Brits could be caught out by passport rule this year if travelling to EU
• Brits warned about new EU travel rules that could ban you from Europe for three years
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How many months do I need left on my UK passport before I travel?

Many countries across the world require you to have a few months left on your passport at the time of travel – here are the main holiday destinations to watch out for, article bookmarked.

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You might think that you can just hop on a plane with an in-date passport and travel the world. In fact, many countries demand that visitors have months left on their passport before it expires.

Some – including Australia , Canada and the US – only require your travel document to be in date for the duration of your trip.

But others give a more restrictive time frame, with no real pattern from region to region – while most of Asia requires six months on your passport, for example, different Caribbean islands demand different time frames.

In some destinations, you can also be caught out for not having enough space left in your passport for new immigration stamps.

Here are the key passport validity rules for British passports for the world’s top holiday destinations.

• Barred from Europe: 2.4m Brits caught in post-Brexit passport chaos
• When do I need to renew my passport for travel to Europe?
• This is the best time to renew your passport to save money

Valid for the duration of your stay

These countries only ask that your passport is valid until the day you leave the country.

*While this is technically the rule for Canada, if you have six months or less on your passport, it may take longer for you to get through immigration.

Valid for one day

Costa Rica requires Britons to have one day’s validity from the day of their departure.

Valid for three months

All EU countries, plus those in the Schengen Area (excluding Ireland) require you to have three months left on your passport from the day you plan to leave. Your passport must also be less than 10 years old on the day you enter the country. This is true for the following countries:

• Republic of Cyprus
• Czech Republic
• Liechtenstein
• Netherlands
• Switzerland
• Vatican City

These non-European countries also require three months’ validity on your day of departure:

• British Virgin Islands
• French Polynesia
• New Zealand
• South Korea

Valid for six months

In most cases, this means valid for six months from the date you arrive in the country, but it’s worth checking the Foreign Office’s individual entry requirements for the country you’re visiting to make sure.

• Antigua and Barbuda
• The Bahamas
• Dominican Republic
• Ecuador (& Galapagos Islands)
• Madagascar*
• Philippines
• South Africa*
• United Arab Emirates

*South Africa, Madagascar, Kenya also require you to have two blank pages left in your passport; Namibia requires one blank page.

Valid for 180 days

India requires a more specific 180 days of validity from the date you arrive. It also asks visitors to have two blank pages available for their visa.

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Hundreds of British tourists with ‘remainer passports’ are getting caught out by a little known 10-year rule

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Be warned: if you still own a red ‘remainer’ passport, you’ll want to pay close attention to this post-Brexit rule.

Before the UK left the EU, UK passport holders were able to transfer up to nine months from an old passport over to a new one, including on 10-year passports.

But, if carrying this over has meant that your passport is now over 10 years old, you could find yourself caught out at the border.

What is the 10-year passport rule?

Before Brexit , the UK Passport Office’s policy was that passport holders that had time left on their existing documents could effectively transfer the balance to a new one.

So, if a document had three months remaining, those three months could be added to a new passport.

Under these rules, up to nine months could be carried over to a new passport, bringing the total for updated 10-year passports to 10 years and nine months.

However, as a result of this rule, data from the Home Office suggests that up to 32 million people could have passports that are now over 10 years old – which EU nations do not accept.

These rules also apply in the wider Schengen Area, including in Iceland, Norway and Switzerland, though UK visitors entering Ireland aren’t impacted by this rule.

Are red passports still valid?

The red remainer passports are no longer being issued after Brexit – the UK passport is now blue.

Red passports are still valid, though, as long as they’ve not expired.

Nonetheless, if you do still own a red passport, you’ll need to double check the expiry date.

Many countries require your passport to be valid for another six months before you leave for international travel – another rule that’s been slipping countless Brits up post-Brexit.

Countries and their passport rules...

70 countries that have a six-month passport rule: 

Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Curacao, Cote D’Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana., Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Somaliland, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zimbabwe

41 countries that have a three-month passport rule: 

Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein., Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Countries with other validity rules:

Bermuda (45 days upon entry), Eritrea (three months on arrival), Hong Kong (three months on arrival), Lebanon (three months on arrival), Macau (three months on arrival), Micronesia (four months on arrival), South Africa (three months on arrival), The Maldives (three months on arrival), and Zambia (four months on arrival).

Also known as the  ‘six-month validity rule’ , lots of people using old red passports (issued before  Brexit ) may run a risk of their documents not having long enough left – and being refused entry to certain countries.

According to  VisaGuide.World , there are 70 countries that follow the six-month passport rule, including the likes of  Thailand ,  United Arab Emirates  and many countries in Central America.

While another 41 apply the three-month passport validity rule – including lots of spots in Europe.

How long does it take to renew a passport?

Fear you’ll be caught out by the 10-year passport rule? Don’t worry: there’s plenty of time to renew before the summer holidays.

According to Gov UK, you’ll typically receive your new passport within 3 weeks. Take note: the processing time starts from when your documents are received – not sent off.

If the Passport Office needs more information from you, it could take longer – but they’ll let you know within the 3-week timeframe if they do.

However, if you are heading abroad this summer and need a new passport, you might want to allow extra time just in case. Better safe than sorry.

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What we know about the container ship that crashed into the Baltimore bridge

• The ship that crashed into the Francis Scott Key Bridge on Tuesday was the Singapore-flagged Dali.
• The container ship had been chartered by Maersk, the Danish shipping company. 
• Two people were recovered from the water but six remain missing, authorities said.

A container ship crashed into a major bridge in Baltimore early Tuesday, causing its collapse into the Patapsco River.

A livestream showed vehicles traveling on the Francis Scott Key Bridge just moments before the impact at 1:28 a.m. ET.

Baltimore first responders called the situation a "developing mass casualty event" and a "dire emergency," per The Associated Press.

James Wallace, chief of the Baltimore Fire Department, said in a press conference that two people had been recovered from the water.

One was uninjured, but the other was transported to a local trauma center in a "very serious condition."

Wallace said up to 20 people were thought to have fallen into the river and some six people were still missing.

Richard Worley, Baltimore's police chief, said there was "no indication" the collision was purposeful or an act of terrorism.

Wes Moore, the governor of Maryland, declared a state of emergency around 6 a.m. ET. He said his office was in close communication with Pete Buttigieg, the transportation secretary.

"We are working with an interagency team to quickly deploy federal resources from the Biden Administration," Moore added.

Understanding why the bridge collapsed could have implications for safety, in both the shipping and civil engineering sectors.

The container ship is the Singapore-flagged Dali, which is about 984 feet long, and 157 feet wide, per a listing on VesselFinder.

An unclassified Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency report said that the ship "lost propulsion" as it was leaving port, ABC News reported.

The crew notified officials that they had lost control and warned of a possible collision, the report said, per the outlet.

The Dali's owner is listed as Grace Ocean, a Singapore-based firm, and its manager is listed as Synergy Marine, which is also headquartered in Singapore.

Shipping news outlet TradeWinds reported that Grace Ocean confirmed the Dali was involved in the collapse, but is still determining what caused the crash.

Related stories

Staff for Grace Ocean declined to comment on the collision when contacted by Business Insider.

"All crew members, including the two pilots have been accounted for and there are no reports of any injuries. There has also been no pollution," Synergy Marine said in a statement.

The company did not respond to a request for further comment from BI.

'Horrified'

Maersk chartered the Dali, with a schedule for the ship on its website.

"We are horrified by what has happened in Baltimore, and our thoughts are with all of those affected," the Danish shipping company said in a statement.

Maersk added: "We are closely following the investigations conducted by authorities and Synergy, and we will do our utmost to keep our customers informed."

Per ship tracking data, the Dali left Baltimore on its way to Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, at around 1 a.m., about half an hour before the crash.

The Port of Baltimore is thought to be the largest in the US for roll-on/roll-off ships carrying trucks and trailers.

Barbara Rossi, associate professor of engineering science at the University of Oxford, told BI the force of the impact on one of the bridge's supporting structures "must have been immense" to lead to the collapse.

Dr Salvatore Mercogliano, a shipping analyst and maritime historian at Campbell University, told BI: "It appears Dali left the channel while outbound. She would have been under the control of the ship's master with a Chesapeake Bay pilot onboard to advise the master.

"The deviation out of the channel is probably due to a mechanical issue as the ship had just departed the port, but you cannot rule out human error as that was the cause of the Ever Forward in 2022 just outside of Baltimore."

He was referring to the incident two years ago when the container ship became grounded for a month in Chesapeake Bay after loading up cargo at the Port of Baltimore.

The US Coast Guard found the incident was caused by pilot error, cellphone use, and "inadequate bridge resource management."

Claudia Norrgren, from the maritime research firm Veson Nautical, told BI: "The industry bodies who are here to protect against incidents like this, such as the vessel's flag state, classification society, and regulatory bodies, will step in and conduct a formal investigation into the incident. Until then, it'll be very hard for anyone to truly know what happened on board."

This may not have been the first time the Dali hit a structure.

In 2016, maritime blogs such as Shipwreck Log and ship-tracking site VesselFinder posted videos of what appears to be the stern of the same, blue-hulled container vessel scraping against a quay in Antwerp.

A representative for the Port of Antwerp told BI the Dali did collide with a quay there eight years ago but couldn't "give any information about the cause of the accident."

The Dali is listed as being built in 2015 by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea.

Watch: The shipwreck at the center of a battle between China and the Philippines

• Main content

Russia-Ukraine latest: Russia fires 12 drones into Ukraine as Zelenskyy warns his country will retreat 'in small steps' without US aid

Russia fired four missiles and 12 Shahed drones into eastern Ukraine overnight, Ukraine's air force reports. Meanwhile, Volodymyr Zelenskyy has said if Ukraine does not get the promised US military aid its forces will have to retreat "in small steps".

Saturday 30 March 2024 08:45, UK

• Russia fires 12 drones into Ukraine overnight
• Ukraine will retreat 'in small steps' without US aid, Zelenskyy says
• Poland scrambles fighter jets after Russian strikes on western Ukraine
• Explained: How the war has strayed outside Ukraine's borders
• Listen to the Daily podcast above and  tap here  to follow wherever you get your podcasts
• Live reporting by Bhvishya Patel 

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has pressed on with changes to officials close to him and dismissed two deputy heads of his office and appointed a former top security official ambassador to neighbouring Moldova.

A presidential decree announced the dismissal of Andriy Smyrnov, who was responsible for legal policy matters, and Oleksiy Dniprov, who headed the office's "apparatus". 

They were among 10 deputies to Mr Zelenskyy's chief of staff, Andriy Yermak.

Appointed in their place were Olena Kovalska, who has been part of a group advising the president on the creation of a tribunal to prosecute Russia over its invasion of Ukraine, and Iryna Mudra, who has served as deputy justice minister.

Mr Zelenskyy has overseen sweeping changes in senior positions, particularly among top military officers, appointing Oleksandr Syrskyi as commander in chief last month to replace the country's popular commander Valeriy Zaluzhyi.

In his nightly video address, Mr Zelenskyy said he had appointed Oleksiy Danilov, former head of Ukraine's Security and Defence Council, as ambassador to Moldova, saying Mr Danilov had wanted a diplomatic appointment. 

Four men have been charged with carrying out an attack at a concert in Moscow that killed more than 130 people.

They all appeared in court on Monday heavily bruised with swollen faces and black eyes – with one attending in a wheelchair wearing a hospital gown.

The Islamic State group said it carried out the attack on the Crocus City Hall, but Vladimir Putin has insisted Ukraine was involved.

Questions are now mounting for President Putin as it emerged the US government warned Russia two weeks ago that an attack by extremists on "large gatherings including concerts" was imminent.

On this edition of the Sky News Daily, Leah Boleto is joined by international affairs editor Dominic Waghorn and international correspondent in Moscow Diana Magnay to discuss the mood in the Russian capital and how President Putin could react.

We reported last night on Volodymyr Zelenskyy's comments to the Washington Post about US military aid.

Here is another look at what was said by the Ukrainian president. 

In an interview with the American paper, Mr Zelenskyy said if Ukraine does not get the promised US military aid its forces will have to retreat "in small steps".

"If there is no US support, it means that we have no air defence, no Patriot missiles, no jammers for electronic warfare, no 155mm artillery rounds," he said.

"It means we will go back, retreat, step by step, in small steps.

"We are trying to find some way not to retreat."

Shortages of munitions, he said, meant "you have to do with less".

He added: "How? Of course, to go back. Make the frontline shorter. If it breaks, the Russians could go to the big cities."

Joe Biden has urged the Republican-controlled US House of Representatives to endorse the military and financial aid package, but House Speaker Mike Johnson has held up the matter for months, citing domestic priorities.

Mr Zelenskyy told the US president in a telephone conversation on Thursday that approval of the package was vital.

Russian forces captured the eastern town of Avdiivka last month and have made small gains since, but the frontlines have changed little in months.

In his interview, the Ukrainian president said Ukraine was making up for shortages of missiles with home-produced weaponry and air defence systems, "but it is not enough".

Russia fired four missiles and 12 Shahed drones into eastern Ukraine overnight, Ukraine's air force is reporting this morning.

Officials said nine of the drones were shot down in four regions.

For context : On 22 March, Russia carried out a major airstrike on Ukraine's energy system as part of what Moscow said was "revenge" for Ukrainian attacks on Russian border regions.

Russian forces continued targeting energy facilities this week as well.

Moscow has increased its use of ballistic missiles, which are much faster than regular cruise missiles and harder to shoot down, to attack Ukrainian cities over the past few days.

Welcome back to our live coverage of the war in Ukraine, after Volodymyr Zelenskyy hammered home the critical importance of US aid.

Republican speaker of the house Mike Johnson refuses to schedule a vote on a $60bn (£47bn) military aid bill that has already passed the senate with bipartisan support and has presidential approval.

Before we resume our live updates, here is a recap of some of the other key developments over the last 24 hours:

• The Ukrainian navy claimed a Russian plane that crashed into the sea near Crimea on Thursday was shot down by Russia's own forces in a friendly fire incident;
• The Italian airforce intercepted two Russian aircraft flying over international waters in the Baltic Sea, defence sources in Rome told Reuters;
• Moldova was at risk from Russian attacks on power plants on Ukraine's border, Mr Zelenskyy said;
• The Romanian defence ministry said drone fragments were found on a farm in its territory near the border with Ukraine;
• Polish aircraft were scrambled after Russia launched missile strikes on Ukraine.

That's all for this evening, but we'll be back with more live updates and analysis soon.

The UK defence ministry has released images of damage to two Russian Black Sea ships following Ukrainian strikes on Sunday.

A Yury Ivanov-class intelligence ship and two Ropucha-class landing ships were damaged.

Russian vessels have been "forced to deploy to alternative port facilities further east" rather than Sevastopol due to Ukrainian operations. 

"Despite Russia's attempts to limit its losses, Ukraine continues to demonstrate success in diminishing the Black Sea Fleet's ability to project power in the region."

Ukraine will have to retreat "in small steps" if it does not get US support, Volodymyr Zelenskyy has told the Washington Post.

And without the ability to intercept Russian attacks on critical energy infrastructure, Ukraine will be forced to strike at Russian energy facilities to establish deterrence, he said.

His warning comes as Republican speaker of the house Mike Johnson refuses to schedule a vote on a $60bn military aid bill that has already passed the senate with bipartisan support.

"If there is no US support, it means that we have no air defence, no Patriot missiles, no jammers for electronic warfare, no 155-milimeter artillery rounds. It means we will go back, retreat, step by step, in small steps," said Mr Zelenskyy.

He described a hypothetical area of the frontline that required 8,000 rounds a day to defend.

If you have 2,000 rounds, he said, your forces have to retreat to "make the front line shorter" and conserve ammunition.

Otherwise the Russians could break through to the big cities, he explained.

Earlier today we brought you footage of a Russian military plane crashing into the sea near occupied Crimea.

The Ukrainian navy has now claimed it was shot down by Russia's own forces in a friendly fire incident, according to reports.

Ukrinform cited a TV appearance by spokesperson Dmytro Pletenchuk in which he said the Russians were on high alert and "someone really wanted to get a medal".

"We confirm that this plane belonged to the Russian Federation and that it was destroyed by their own forces. 

"They were on high alert, in combat readiness. The human factor came into play - someone really wanted to get a medal and failed to figure out whose plane it was."

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has dismissed two deputy heads of his office and appointing a former top security official as ambassador to neighbouring Moldova. 

A presidential decree announced the dismissal of Andryy Smyrnov, who was responsible for legal policy matters, and Oleksyy Dniprov, who headed the office's "apparatus". 

They were among 10 deputies to Mr Zelenskyy's chief of staff, Andriy Yermak. 

Mr Zelenskyy has overseen sweeping changes in senior positions, particularly among top military officers, appointing Oleksandr Syrskyi as commander in chief last month to replace the country's popular commander Valeriy Zaluzhyi. 

In his nightly video address, Mr Zelenskyy said he had appointed Oleksyy Danilov, former head of Ukraine's security and defence council, as ambassador to Moldova, saying Mr Danilov had wanted a diplomatic appointment. 

The president described Moldova, whose pro-European president Maia Sandu has denounced Russia's invasion, as "an extremely important state - both from the point of view of security challenges in the region, and from the point of view of bilateral cooperation". 

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DfT: ministerial gifts, hospitality, travel and meetings, October to December 2023

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• DfT ministerial and special adviser hospitality on data.gov.uk
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