positive and negative impacts of tourism essay

Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism Essay

Introduction, positive social cultural impacts of tourism, negative social cultural impacts of tourism, factors that influence the social cultural impact of tourism, reference list.

The social cultural impact of tourism refers to the positive and negative effect or impact of tourism on the cultural heritage, traditions, customs, and social life style of host communities. This paper will look at the positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on host communities and tourists, as well as the different factors that influence these impacts.

It is, however, important to keep in mind that all society’s problems can not be blamed on tourism, nor can all positive social developments be attributed to tourism (Liu 2003, p. 25). There are other factors that contribute to society’s problems and development, such as globalization and the influence of the mass media.

The positive socio-cultural impacts of tourism include employment, improvement of infrastructure, transfer of knowledge into a country, and improvement to the economy. These are discussed in the following subsections.

In most countries, the tourism sector provides employment opportunities to a huge percentage of the population. To facilitate tourism operations, people get employed to work in the hotel industry, the transport sector, and national parks as tour guides (Green 2005, p. 13). The economic benefits that are derived from tourism in terms of employment of a nation’s population ultimately impact people’s standard of living.

Provision of Shared Infrastructure

The development of tourist infrastructure, such as airports and leisure facilities, can also benefit local communities, as long as the infrastructure is not developed for the exclusive use of tourists (Allen et al. 1993). This tourist infrastructure affects the social and cultural lives of local communities because their way of living would have been different had the infrastructure not been established and shared.

For example, Maun, which is a rural area in Botswana, is a famous fast stop destination for tourists visiting the Okavango Delta and Moremi Game Reserve. Existing leisure facilities such as modern international airport, restaurants and shopping malls were originally intended for tourists, but are also shared by the local community (Long et al. 1990). Therefore, the social lives and contemporary culture of local residents are remarkably different from those in other major villages in Botswana.

Transfer of Knowledge into a Country

Tourism promotes the transfer of knowledge to the host country. When experienced people from a developed country visit a developing country, opportunities are created for knowledge to be transferred from one community to another. Ultimately, developing countries are able to benefit.

Economic Improvement

Most tourist destinations across the world are able to improve their economies as a result of tourism activities. Among others, tourism enables countries to earn foreign currency which enables them to effectively trade with foreign states. In Kenya, the tourism sector employs a large number of people who work in world class hotels and the transport sector, among others. Tourism also contributes greatly to national income.

Some of the negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on the host community include decline in morality, interruption of family and gender relationships, interference with value systems and religions, reduction of culture to a commodity, and staged authenticity. These are discussed as follows.

Decline in Morality in Society

Exposure to the different values of tourists and, in some cases, irresponsible tourist behavior, may give rise to various moral and societal problems, such as crime, prostitution, gambling, unhealthy eating and drinking, and drug abuse.

Interruption of Family and Gender Relationships

In many traditional societies, the father, who is the head of the family, has the responsibility to provide for his family. By providing employment, wages, and a disposable income to other members of the traditional family unit, which can be seen as a positive development, tourism can interrupt traditional family and gender relationships, and create discord in the family.

The end result may be communities that do not function properly because the traditional division of work has been overruled and undermined (McGehee & Andereck 2004).

An example of this disruption can be observed in the families of the employees of safari companies that operate in the Okavango Delta and are separated from their families for months on end. However, it must be noted that interruption of family and gender relationships, as is the case with the other impacts, can not be attributed to tourism alone, as there are other industries, such as the mining industry, that also tend to have the same effect.

Interference with Value Systems and Religion

Tourism may introduce different and sometimes opposing values to established value systems and religion. On the one hand, host communities in developing countries sometimes perceive tourists from developed countries as too liberal and lacking in morals, and find them insensitive to local norms and taboos. On the other hand, local populations often reject old ways and adopt the ways of visitors too quickly. This most often happens if the practices are from rich, developed countries and the local population is in a less wealthy developing country (Murphy 1981, p. 56). While adopting foreign practices may not always be bad, it may cause culture shock, lack of social cohesion, and loss of cultural identity if it happens too quickly. No human culture should ever be sacrificed at the expense of another.

Reducing Culture to a Commodity

This involves reducing culture to another product with a price tag. In the context of the cultural impact of tourism, this wears the worth, dignity, value, and sanctity of particular cultures. Cultural practices, although often preserved by tourist interest, may lose their real value and meaning.

An example includes the practice of performing sacred dances and rituals for the tourists for money. Similarly, watching the divination by a traditional healer, sangoma, or inyanga, can reduce it from being a spiritual exercise to a financial transaction or theatrical performance.

Staged Authenticity

This is experienced when the host community stages or enacts certain authentic elements of its culture for the benefits of tourists, even though those cultural elements may no longer be part of their normal modern daily living. This means that authentic elements of culture become rehearsed and non-authentic as they are performed out of context.

Examples of authentic cultural elements that may be staged out of context for tourists include traditional dances, certain rituals or practices, the wearing of traditional dresses purely for the benefit of tourists, and the re-enactment of long gone or ancient lifestyles.

In all the above, while these elements may be an authentic representation of how the hosts used to live, they may not be a true reflection of how they live today, and hence the representation is reduced to a mere staging of something.

As an example, think of an authentic traditional dance performance by singers in animal skins at the Market Theatre in Johannesburg. The problem with this performance is that it may not be a true reflection of the contemporary and living culture of the place, and might even reinforce tourist’s perception that, in this particular case, Africans are still primitive.

In general, the social cultural impact of tourism is not the same across the world, and a number of factors affect the impact of tourism on any community.

Ordinarily, most tourist-host interactions occur at the tourist destination region, when tourists purchase goods and services from local people, when tourists and local residents use the same facilities such as beaches, shops, restaurants, and other amenities and infrastructure, or when they purposefully meet to exchange ideas and information.

The type of interaction between tourists and hosts influence the relationship and the attitudes they have towards each other, and this in turn influences the social cultural impact of tourism (Wang & Pfister 2008).

The tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism is affected by the differences between tourists and hosts, the type of contact between tourists and hosts, the importance of tourism in a community, and community tolerance threshold which refers to how willing a community is to bear the inflow of tourists and their influences. These are discussed as follows.

Differences between Tourists and Hosts

The differences between tourists and hosts that can affect the social cultural impact of tourism are their basic value and logic systems, religious beliefs, traditions, customs, lifestyles, behavioral patterns, dress codes, sense of time budgeting, and attitudes towards strangers.

Basic Value and Logic Systems

The values and the logic systems of a host community and tourists will determine what they value and how they value it. If the hosts and tourists have different values and logic systems, it could cause attraction or resentment whenever there is an interaction.

Religion, Traditions, and Customs

When tourists and hosts belonging to different religions come into contact with one another, there are likely to be shocks and new discoveries. For example, the public display of affection between males and female Christian tourists may be shocking to many Muslims in the Middle East.

Contact between tourists and hosts whose traditions differ might cause greater impact. For example, the scantily dressed tourist may, in the long run, impact on the dress code of many rural communities in Africa. The reaction might be to copy them or loathe them for not adhering to local norms and social codes. Variations in traditional practices can be found even among people of the same race and language.

The similarity of customs between the guest and the hosts lessen the possibility of misunderstanding each other. For example, tourists from Cape Town visiting Durban will find many customary similarities to their hosts and may not have any impact on their host community. Differences in customs, however, do not always mean that there will be a negative social cultural impact.

Lifestyle differences can be caused by income differences. The rich tend to lead similar lifestyles even though their cultures may not be identical, as the way they spend their money on property, travel, and entertainment, for example, is usually similar. Such lifestyle differences might have an impact if the hosts copy, envy, or morally judge the tourists, or vice versa (Pizam 1978, p. 98).

When the dress code of tourists is different from that of hosts, the hosts tend to be either attracted to or offended by the dress of the visitors. In most cases, the hosts tend to envy and copy the dress style of tourists, which may not always be acceptable.

Sense of Time Budgeting

People from developed countries generally value time and think that it is polite to be on time for appointments. On the other hand, people from developing countries generally have a more relaxed attitude towards time, and are not as strict in keeping appointments. Such differences can be a source of misunderstanding or even conflict between tourists and the host community.

Attitude towards Strangers

Some cultures and societies view strangers with suspicion while other cultures are more open towards outsiders. The more open the host communities are towards strangers, the greater the social cultural impact of tourism is likely to be on them.

Type of Contact between Tourists and Hosts

The type of activities tourists engage in, such as passive or active activities, can determine the type of contact and level of interaction with a community. The more active the activity, the greater the interaction with the host community, and the more likely tourism is to have an impact on them (Lankford 1994, p. 35).

For example, formal contact, as in the case where tourists receive services from their hosts, makes it necessary for tourists and the local community to interact with each other and is a platform where cultures, norms, and values are exchanged. Thus, it is an opportunity for both parties to copy the behavior and mannerisms of the other.

In a similar way, informal contact that takes place where tourists and hosts share the same facilities such as stadiums, streets, or beaches may have either a good or bad influence on tourists or hosts or both.

The Importance of Tourism in the Community

The way tourism is perceived by the local people in communities, especially their perceptions about its importance to their livelihood, will impact on tourist-host relationship. In cases where there is an excitement about tourists and the benefits that their presence will bring, the tourist-host relationship is usually good due to mutual admiration between tourists and their hosts (Hafeznia et al. 2007).

In contrast, when the novelty of meeting new cultures wears off and tourists begin to irritate the locals, probably due to their large numbers, their competing for the limited resources with locals, or the real or perceived ills that tourists bring, tourism might be seen as having less importance and a more antagonistic relationship will begin to develop (Huang & Stewart 1996).

Community Tolerance Threshold

As stated earlier community tolerance threshold refers to how willing a community is to bear the inflow of tourists and their influences. Where the members of a community are less irritable and able to accept tourists regardless of their mannerisms, then tourism will have an impact on them (Aref & Redzuan 2010). On the other hand, when members of the host community are irritable, it becomes very difficult for tourists to penetrate their society and the tourism will have little or no impact at all on the local community.

As explained in this paper, the social cultural impact of tourism is not the same across the world. Various factors that differ from location to location influence not only the type of impact, but also whether those impacts will be negative or positive.

The type of interaction between tourists and hosts influences their relationship and the attitudes they have towards one another, and this in turn influences the social cultural impact of tourism. Typically, the tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism are affected by differences between tourists and the host communities. Other factors are the type of contacts created and how tourism is regarded by the local community.

The location of tourism, such as a rural or urban location or in a developed or developing country, determines whether the social cultural impact on the location will be positive or negative. To a great extent, the number of tourists visiting a location affects the level of impact on the host community. For example, a large number of tourists will have a greater influence on the host community, because there are many chances of a local person meeting a tourist.

The origin of tourists also affects the social cultural impact of tourism because there might be notable differences between them and the hosts due to their origin, which might intensify the impact. The stage of tourism development in a destination affects the host community’s knowledge of tourism and attitude towards tourists, and its reaction to tourism.

Reactions of host communities in the development stage can include hostility, lack of charity, and imitation. These in turn affect the nature of social cultural impacts that result from tourism. To some degree, the length of the tourist season influences the intensity of the social cultural impact. The longer the interaction, the greater the impact of tourism on the host community will be.

Allen, LR, Hafer, HR, Long, PT & Perdue, RR, 1993, ‘Rural Residents’ Attitudes toward Recreation and Tourism Development’, Journal of Travel Research , Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 27 – 33.

Aref, F & Redzuan, M 2010, ‘Community Leaders’ Perceptions towards Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism on Local Communities’, Journal of Human Ecology , 29 (2): 87 – 91.

Green, R 2005, ‘Community Perceptions of Environmental and Social Change and Tourism Development on the Island of Koh Samui, Thailand’, Journal of Environmental Psychology , 25 (1): 37 – 56.

Hafeznia, R, Eftekhari, A & Ramazani, I 2007, ‘A Comparative Study on the Tourism Policies in Pre and Post Islamic Revolution of Iran, Case Study: Babolsar in the Coast of Caspian Sea’. Journal of Applied Sciences , 7 (24): 3836 – 3874.

Huang, Y & Stewart, P 1996, ‘Rural tourism development: Shifting basis of community solidarity’, Journal of Travel Research , 35 (4): 26 – 31.

Lankford, S 1994, ‘Attitudes and Perceptions toward Tourism and Rural Regional Development’, Journal of Travel Research , 32 (3): 35 – 43.

Liu, Z 2003, ‘Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11 (6): 459 – 475.

Long, PT, Perdue, RR & Allen, L 1990, ‘Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes by Community Level of Tourism’, Journal of Travel Research , Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 3 – 9.

McGehee, G & Andereck, L 2004, ‘Factors Predicting Rural Residents’ Support of Tourism’, Journal of Travel Research , 43: 131 – 140.

Murphy, PE 1981, ‘Community Attitudes to Tourism: A Comparative Analysis’, International Journal of Tourism Management , Vol. 2, No. 3, pp.189 – 195.

Pizam, A 1978, ‘Tourism Impacts: The Social Costs To The Destination Community as Perceived by Its Residents’, Journal of Travel Research , 16: 8 – 12.

Wang, Y & Pfister, E 2008, ‘Residents’ Attitudes toward Tourism and Perceived Personal Benefits in a Rural Community’, Journal of Travel Research , 47: 84 – 93.

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14 important environmental impacts of tourism + explanations + examples

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The environmental impacts of tourism have gained increasing attention in recent years.

With the rise in sustainable tourism and an increased number of initiatives for being environmentally friendly, tourists and stakeholders alike are now recognising the importance of environmental management in the tourism industry.

In this post, I will explain why the environmental impacts of tourism are an important consideration and what the commonly noted positive and negative environmental impacts of tourism are.

Why the environment is so important to tourism

Positive environmental impacts of tourism, water resources, land degradation , local resources , air pollution and noise , solid waste and littering , aesthetic pollution, construction activities and infrastructure development, deforestation and intensified or unsustainable use of land , marina development, coral reefs, anchoring and other marine activities , alteration of ecosystems by tourist activities , environmental impacts of tourism: conclusion, environmental impacts of tourism reading list.

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourism’s relationship with the environment is complex and many activities can have adverse environmental effects if careful tourism planning and management is not undertaken.

It is ironic really, that tourism often destroys the very things that it relies on!

Many of the negative environmental impacts that result from tourism are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends.

It’s not ALL negative, however!

Tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance.

In this article I have outlined exactly how we can both protect and destroy the environment through tourism. I have also created a new YouTube video on the environmental impacts of tourism, you can see this below. (by the way- you can help me to be able to keep content like this free for everyone to access by subscribing to my YouTube channel! And don’t forget to leave me a comment to say hi too!).

Although there are not as many (far from it!) positive environmental impacts of tourism as there are negative, it is important to note that tourism CAN help preserve the environment!

The most commonly noted positive environmental impact of tourism is raised awareness. Many destinations promote ecotourism and sustainable tourism and this can help to educate people about the environmental impacts of tourism. Destinations such as Costa Rica and The Gambia have fantastic ecotourism initiatives that promote environmentally-friendly activities and resources. There are also many national parks, game reserves and conservation areas around the world that help to promote positive environmental impacts of tourism.

Positive environmental impacts can also be induced through the NEED for the environment. Tourism can often not succeed without the environment due the fact that it relies on it (after all we can’t go on a beach holiday without a beach or go skiing without a mountain, can we?).

In many destinations they have organised operations for tasks such as cleaning the beach in order to keep the destination aesthetically pleasant and thus keep the tourists happy. Some destinations have taken this further and put restrictions in place for the number of tourists that can visit at one time.

Not too long ago the island of Borocay in the Philippines was closed to tourists to allow time for it to recover from the negative environmental impacts that had resulted from large-scale tourism in recent years. Whilst inconvenient for tourists who had planned to travel here, this is a positive example of tourism environmental management and we are beginning to see more examples such as this around the world.

Negative environmental impacts of tourism

Negative environmental impacts of tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment’s ability to cope with this use.

Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as: soil erosion , increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.

I will explain each of these negative environmental impacts of tourism below.

Depletion of natural resources

Tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when it increases consumption in areas where resources are already scarce. Some of the most common noted examples include using up water resources, land degradation and the depletion of other local resources.

The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water.

In drier regions, like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. Because of the hot climate and the tendency for tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 litres a day. This is almost double what the inhabitants of an average Spanish city use. 

Golf course maintenance can also deplete fresh water resources.

In recent years golf tourism has increased in popularity and the number of golf courses has grown rapidly.

Golf courses require an enormous amount of water every day and this can result in water scarcity. Furthermore, golf resorts are more and more often situated in or near protected areas or areas where resources are limited, exacerbating their impacts.

An average golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand needs 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers.

Important land resources include fertile soil, forests , wetlands and wildlife. Unfortunately, tourism often contributes to the degradation of said resources. Increased construction of tourism facilities has increased the pressure on these resources and on scenic landscapes.

Animals are often displaced when their homes are destroyed or when they are disturbed by noise. This may result in increased animals deaths, for example road-kill deaths. It may also contribute to changes in behaviour.

Animals may become a nuisance, by entering areas that they wouldn’t (and shouldn’t) usually go into, such as people’s homes. It may also contribute towards aggressive behaviour when animals try to protect their young or savage for food that has become scarce as a result of tourism development.

Picturesque landscapes are often destroyed by tourism. Whilst many destinations nowadays have limits and restrictions on what development can occur and in what style, many do not impose any such rules. High rise hotels and buildings which are not in character with the surrounding architecture or landscape contribute to a lack of atheistic appeal.

Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal can use four to five kilograms of wood a day!

There are also many cases of erosion, whereby tourists may trek the same path or ski the same slope so frequently that it erodes the natural landscape. Sites such as Machu Pichu have been forced to introduce restrictions on tourist numbers to limit the damage caused.

Tourism can create great pressure on local resources like energy, food, and other raw materials that may already be in short supply. Greater extraction and transport of these resources exacerbates the physical impacts associated with their exploitation.

Because of the seasonal character of the industry, many destinations have ten times more inhabitants in the high season as in the low season.

A high demand is placed upon these resources to meet the high expectations tourists often have (proper heating, hot water, etc.). This can put significant pressure on the local resources and infrastructure, often resulting in the local people going without in order to feed the tourism industry.

Tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry: Air emissions; noise pollution; solid waste and littering; sewage; oil and chemicals. The tourism industry also contributes to forms of architectural/visual pollution.

Transport by air, road, and rail is continuously increasing in response to the rising number of tourists and their greater mobility. In fact, tourism accounts for more than 60% of all air travel.

One study estimated that a single transatlantic return flight emits almost half the CO2 emissions produced by all other sources (lighting, heating, car use, etc.) consumed by an average person yearly- that’s a pretty shocking statistic!

I remember asking my class to calculate their carbon footprint one lesson only to be very embarrassed that my emissions were A LOT higher than theirs due to the amount of flights I took each year compared to them. Point proven I guess….

Anyway, air pollution from tourist transportation has impacts on a global level, especially from CO2 emissions related to transportation energy use. This can contribute to severe local air pollution . It also contributes towards climate change.

Fortunately, technological advancements in aviation are seeing more environmentally friendly aircraft and fuels being used worldwide, although the problem is far from being cured. If you really want to help save the environment, the answer is to seek alternative methods of transportation and avoid flying.

You can also look at ways to offset your carbon footprint .

Noise pollution can also be a concern.

Noise pollution from aircraft, cars, buses, (+ snowmobiles and jet skis etc etc) can cause annoyance, stress, and even hearing loss for humans. It also causes distress to wildlife and can cause animals to alter their natural activity patterns. Having taught at a university near London Heathrow for several years, this was always a topic of interest to my students and made a popular choice of dissertation topic .

In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem, contributing significantly to the environmental impacts of tourism.

Improper waste disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment. Rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides are areas that are commonly found littered with waste, ranging from plastic bottles to sewage.

Cruise tourism in the Caribbean, for example, is a major contributor to this negative environmental impact of tourism. Cruise ships are estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year. 

The Wider Caribbean Region, stretching from Florida to French Guiana, receives 63,000 port calls from ships each year, and they generate 82,000 tons of rubbish. About 77% of all ship waste comes from cruise vessels. On average, passengers on a cruise ship each account for 3.5 kilograms of rubbish daily – compared with the 0.8 kilograms each generated by the less well-endowed folk on shore.

Whilst it is generally an unwritten rule that you do not throw rubbish into the sea, this is difficult to enforce in the open ocean . In the past cruise ships would simply dump their waste while out at sea. Nowadays, fortunately, this is less commonly the case, however I am sure that there are still exceptions.

Solid waste and littering can degrade the physical appearance of the water and shoreline and cause the death of marine animals. Just take a look at the image below. This is a picture taken of the insides of a dead bird. Bird often mistake floating plastic for fish and eat it. They can not digest plastic so once their stomachs become full they starve to death. This is all but one sad example of the environmental impacts of tourism.

Mountain areas also commonly suffer at the hands of the tourism industry. In mountain regions, trekking tourists generate a great deal of waste. Tourists on expedition frequently leave behind their rubbish, oxygen cylinders and even camping equipment. I have heard many stories of this and I also witnessed it first hand when I climbed Mount Kilimanjaro .

The construction of hotels, recreation and other facilities often leads to increased sewage pollution. 

Unfortunately, many destinations, particularly in the developing world, do not have strict law enrichments on sewage disposal. As a result, wastewater has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist attractions around the world. This damages the flora and fauna in the area and can cause serious damage to coral reefs.

Sewage pollution threatens the health of humans and animals.

I’ll never forget the time that I went on a school trip to climb Snowdonia in Wales. The water running down the streams was so clear and perfect that some of my friends had suggested we drink some. What’s purer than mountain fresh water right from the mountain, right?

A few minutes later we saw a huge pile of (human??) feaces in the water upstream!!

Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination. Large, dominating resorts of disparate design can look out of place in any natural environment and may clash with the indigenous structural design. 

A lack of land-use planning and building regulations in many destinations has facilitated sprawling developments along coastlines, valleys and scenic routes. The sprawl includes tourism facilities themselves and supporting infrastructure such as roads, employee housing, parking, service areas, and waste disposal. This can make a tourist destination less appealing and can contribute to a loss of appeal.

Physical impacts of tourism development

Whilst the tourism industry itself has a number of negative environmental impacts. There are also a number of physical impacts that arise from the development of the tourism industry. This includes the construction of buildings, marinas, roads etc.

The development of tourism facilities can involve sand mining, beach and sand dune erosion and loss of wildlife habitats.

The tourist often will not see these side effects of tourism development, but they can have devastating consequences for the surrounding environment. Animals may displaced from their habitats and the noise from construction may upset them.

I remember reading a while ago (although I can’t seem to find where now) that in order to develop the resort of Kotu in The Gambia, a huge section of the coastline was demolished in order to be able to use the sand for building purposes. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area.

Construction of ski resort accommodation and facilities frequently requires clearing forested land.

Land may also be cleared to obtain materials used to build tourism sites, such as wood.

I’ll never forget the site when I flew over the Amazon Rainforest only to see huge areas of forest cleared. That was a sad reality to see.

Likewise, coastal wetlands are often drained due to lack of more suitable sites. Areas that would be home to a wide array of flora and fauna are turned into hotels, car parks and swimming pools.

The building of marinas and ports can also contribute to the negative environmental impacts of tourism.

Development of marinas and breakwaters can cause changes in currents and coastlines.

These changes can have vast impacts ranging from changes in temperatures to erosion spots to the wider ecosystem.

Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems. They suffer worldwide from reef-based tourism developments and from tourist activity.

Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coral result from shoreline development. Increased sediments in the water can affect growth. Trampling by tourists can damage or even kill coral. Ship groundings can scrape the bottom of the sea bed and kill the coral. Pollution from sewage can have adverse effects.

All of these factors contribute to a decline and reduction in the size of coral reefs worldwide. This then has a wider impact on the global marine life and ecosystem, as many animals rely on the coral for as their habitat and food source.

Physical impacts from tourist activities

The last point worth mentioning when discussing the environmental impacts of tourism is the way in which physical impacts can occur as a result of tourist activities.

This includes tramping, anchoring, cruising and diving. The more this occurs, the more damage that is caused. Natural, this is worse in areas with mass tourism and overtourism .

Tourists using the same trail over and over again trample the vegetation and soil, eventually causing damage that can lead to loss of biodiversity and other impacts. 

Such damage can be even more extensive when visitors frequently stray off established trails. This is evidenced in Machu Pichu as well as other well known destinations and attractions, as I discussed earlier in this post.

 In marine areas many tourist activities occur in or around fragile ecosystems. 

Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause direct degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. As I said previously, this can have a significant knock on effect on the surrounding ecosystem.

Habitats can be degraded by tourism leisure activities.

For example, wildlife viewing can bring about stress for the animals and alter their natural behaviour when tourists come too close. 

As I have articulated throughout this post, there are a range of environmental impacts that result from tourism. Whilst some are good, the majority unfortunately are bad. The answer to many of these problems boils down to careful tourism planning and management and the adoption of sustainable tourism principles.

Did you find this article helpful? Take a look at my posts on the social impacts of tourism and the economic impacts of tourism too! Oh, and follow me on social media !

If you are studying the environmental impacts of tourism or if you are interested in learning more about the environmental impacts of tourism, I have compiled a short reading list for you below.

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• 50 fascinating facts about the travel and tourism industry

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The Positive and Negative Effects of Tourism Essay

The Negative and Positive Effects of Tourism Submitted by Arianne Smith DeVry University Tourism Management, Warren John Fall 2011 Abstract The current research paper covers the main effects of global tourism, both positive and negative. International tourism is a significant sector of business. For some countries it is one of the main sources of national income. The most important positive economic effects of tourism are as follows: increase in budget revenues, production expansion, stimulation of investments, and improvement in the population’s welfare. Tourism influences social and cultural lives of people in a positive way by stimulating the development and revival of local cultures and encouraging intercultural exchange. …show more content…

In this way, the government is able to maintain the balance of the budget, which is one of the factors of economic stability. International tourism contributes to foreign exchange earnings. Tourists usually come to the country of destination with strong, stable, and expensive currency, such as dollar or euro. Then, they exchange it according to the internal rate of the country they stay in. Considering the number of tourists that travel to the same destination, which in some countries can be very large, we can estimate that the amount of foreign currency they leave there is hundreds times larger. Therefore, a host economy benefits from the inflow of foreign currency. Another aspect of impact of tourism on a country’s economy is that it facilitates the expansion of the market of goods and services. Foreigners come to a country willing to spend money on different goods and services, thus increasing the amounts of sales. This is a great chance for producers and service providers to receive larger profits. This concerns not only hoteliers, tour operators, and souvenir shops owners. Public transportation, retail stores of different kind, restaurants, and cafes benefit from international tourism. Obviously, if these industries are in demand, businesses will be expanding. On the one hand, it means that more money is paid to the budget. On the other hand, profits generated by the owners are spent inside the country, affecting almost all the fields of the

Tourism's Effects On The Positive Effects Of Tourism Development

The second effect is sociocultural. According to Dogan (1989), tourism development has a great effect on the socio-cultural characteristics of residents like habits, daily routines, social lives and beliefs, and values. They may lead to psychological tension. Firstly, there are many positives from tourism development. Brunt and Courtney (1999) mentioned that tourism can result in improved community services, additional park, recreation and cultural facilities and encouragement of cultural activities. Tourism also encourages cultural activities and improve cultural heritage (Gilbert & Clark 1997). However, this may lead to some negative like traditional family values ( Kousis, 1989); cultural commercialization ( Cohen, 1988); crime (Brunt &

The Positive Economic Impact Of Tourism In The World Tourism Organization

International tourism formed a vital industry globally and tourism activities generated approximately US $ 3.6 trillion in 2000 (Sadi & Henderson, 2015). Increase in expansion rates heightened the international arrival rates by a mean of 4.3% between 1996 and 2006 (Burns, 2016). Mainly, developing nations form the forefront contributors of such upward trend. That was prompted by positive economic impacts, which included income, foreign exchange, and internal investments. Tourism was also a catalyst for the national growth and diversification means because of some of its disadvantages as a driver for economic development. According to Henderson (2013), it was responsible for 19% of exports in the developing world and at least 40% of the gross domestic product. Besides, Rimmawi and Ibrahim (2015) stated that more than 65% of jobs in developing nations were associated with tourism.

Describe and Evaluate the Negative Social, Cultural or Environmental Impact Caused by Tourism in a Destination of Your Choice. Analyse the Causes of This Impact and Judge to What Extent Sustainable Tourism Strategies

The negative effects of tourism are widely publicised in a number of destinations worldwide; however it is often underdeveloped nations that are home to natural wonders of the world which attract huge tourism levels. This is significant as these underdeveloped nations often rely on the tourist industry as a main source of income and therefore a source of economic development. Increasing tourism levels often requires

Tourism Industry: The Greatest Drivers For Economic Growth In The United Kingdom

The tourism industry is one of the greatest drivers to stimulate economic growth in the United Kingdom. According to figures by the government, tourism is the UK’s fifth largest industry, creating around 3 million jobs, generating approximately 127 billion pounds per year, and covering more than 200,000 small and medium sized enterprises (Oxford Economics, 2014). The ever increasing number of small firms in this industry draws attention to the importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality business. Statistics show that 98.5 per cent of all hotels and restaurants in the UK employ less than 50 people (Oxford Economics, 2014). This number proves the claim long established by scholars that the tourism and hospitality industry is largely dominated by small to medium-sized entrepreneurial firms (Thomas, 1998, Morrison et al., 1998, Getz, 2004, Buhalis and Main, 1998). There is a body of literature that studies the complex combination of motives that that give rise to small businesses in tourism. It appears that the nature of small-scale entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is very different from that in other economic sectors. Specifically, the vast majority of entrepreneurs in tourism is lifestylers, meaning that they are not motivated by economic factors (Morrison et al., 1999). The significance of lifestyle motives within tourism entrepreneurship presents a particular feature that sets this sector apart from the

Travel And Tourism Essay

According to Statista, a website that provide the statistic and study from more than 18,00 sources over the world, travel and tourism industry in the United States is one of the largest industry. In 2015, travel and tourism industry has made a total contribution of 1.5 trillion USD to GPD. In addition, they predict that the number will grow up to 2.6 trillion USD by 2027. Annually, travel and tourism directly provides about 5.5 million jobs for American people.

The Travel And Tourism Industry Essay

The Travel and Tourism Industry as a business division is collected around items, organizations, customers and extraordinary organization aptitudes to try. This equitable suggests that there is a need to work in an all that much composed framework with extraordinary mechanical assemblies and standards to adequately work in an astoundingly engaged, testing and consistently changing world and business circumstances. Once the above steps are situated up then ascents the need to keep up them improve when central and face unpredicted obstacles that may rise every so often as it is typically expected in any human dealings. Particular models and hypotheses have been set up so organization can apply those to make a business run effectively.

The Long Haul Manageability Of Tourism

The long haul manageability of tourism lay on the capacity of group pioneers and tourism experts to boost its advantages and minimize its expenses. The development of tourism industry has been a noteworthy supporter to increment financial movement all through the United States and the world. Albeit most think tourism as far as financial effects like employments are frequently regular, ineffectively paid and assesses. And additionally destinations subject to tourism can be unfavorably influenced by occasions, for example, terrorism, characteristic calamities and financial subsidence.

The Total Contribution Of Travel And Tourism Essay

Each Caribbean country is diverse and has its own natural resources and industries. These industries include bauxite/alumina, agricultural-processing, light manufacturing, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications, etc. Though energy and manufacturing account for large percentages of GDP in individual countries, tourism is by far the most prevalent industry (The World Factbook, n.d.). According to the CIA’s World Factbook, tourism is top industry in at least 17 of the 26 countries (See Appendix E) (n.d).

Global Tourism Industry Is A Vital Component Of The Global Economy

Despite wars, political turmoil, natural disasters, terrorist threats, and economic and energy crises in various areas of the globe, the tourism industry surges and has become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. According to the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, in 2014 over 1 billion tourist traveled to other nations (World Tourism Organization, 2015). The tourism industry is a vital component of the global economy. It helps to promote peace & stability in the developing world by providing jobs for the locals, generate revenue/income, and promote cultural awareness. Put together, tourism generated nearly seven trillion dollars in 2014 worldwide (Statista, 2014). As the years’ progress, so too will the number of tourists.

Essay On Tourism Marketing

n the absence of an established Local Tourism Organisation within the region, the City of Albany is the peak tourism marketing body for the destination. Although destination marketing is not a typical Local Government Authority function, the City continues to deliver innovative strategies to encourage tourism development.

Economic Impact Of Tourism On The Environment

Tourism as a social progress and economic activity has been found to be a blessing particularly in poor development countries. The impact of tourism are felt especially in the third world. The impact has two dimension that is negative and positive. Of course controversies surround some of assumed impacts. Tourism facilities rather

Effects Of Tourism

Another impact is said to be on an economy, which is highly influenced by tourism for the development of the country. On the positive aspect, there are a lot of benefits such as jobs opportunity, distribution of capital, travel industry boom, economy boost that not only develops the country but also the people and their

Tourism And Tourism : The Benefits Of Tourism

Nowadays, there is no denying the fact that being a tourist is becoming an increasing popular lifestyle in most of the region, such as America, Europe and Asia. Some people think that tourism industry is mutually beneficial, while others consider that tourism brings inequality and exploitation. I am in favor of the idea that the benefits that tourism brings to the CARICOM are short-term while drawbacks that come with are long-term.

The Impact Of Tourism On Tourism Sector Essay

Tourism is one of the most important sectors that apply ICTs which already played a significant role in this industry. It plays an important and vital role in the economic activity of Tunisia; it contributes to budget balancing and solves many economic and social problems.

Tourism Development Of Sri Lanka

The large-scale impacts of Tourism include both positive and negative impacts on environmental, socio - cultural and economic aspects. The concept of sustainability is factored into these tourism impacts, when the size of the impacts becomes large enough to drastically alter economic, socio-cultural and environmental areas of a tourist destination. Especially the sensitive places like conflict-affected regions, these impacts need to be analyzed and evaluated carefully. Apart from obvious and visible effects on the economy and the physical environment, tourism can contribute to social and cultural changes in host societies, including changes in value systems, traditional lifestyles, family relationships, individual behavior or community structure.

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Chapter 1. History and Overview

1.5 Impacts of Tourism

As you can already see, the impacts of the global tourism industry today are impressive and far reaching. Let’s have a closer look at some of these outcomes.

Tourism Impacts

Tourism can generate positive or negative impacts under three main categories: economic, social, and environmental. These impacts are analyzed using data gathered by businesses, governments, and industry organizations.

Economic Impacts

According to the 2019 edition of the UNWTO International Tourism Highlights report , international tourist arrivals reached 1.4 billion, a 5% increase in 2018. UNWTO Secretary-General Zurab Pololikashvili stated that the sheer growth of the industry was driven by a strong global economy, surge of the travel-ready middle class from emerging economies, technological advances, and more affordable travel costs among others (UNWTO, 2019). At the same time, the UNWTO (2019) reported export earnings from tourism, or the sum of international tourism receipts and passenger transport, reached a staggering USD 1.7 trillion. This demonstrates that the industry is a major economic engine of growth and development.

Europe has traditionally been the region with the highest tourism dollar spending with USD 570 billion, followed by Asia and the Pacific (USD 435 billion), the Americas (USD 334 billion), Middle East (USD 73 billion), and Africa (USD 38 billion). Asia has shown to have the strongest growths in both arrivals (+7%) and spending (+7%). Africa equally shared a +7% growth in arrivals, suggesting a new interest in travelling to the continent.

What are the trends that are motivating people to travel? The six consumer travel trends, according to the UNWTO (2019) include:

• Travel “to change” or focusing on more authentic travel, transformation, and living like a local.
• Travel “to show” or capturing “instagramable” moments, experiences, and visiting selfie-worthy destinations.
• Pursuit of a healthy life or engaging into active travel that involves walking, wellness, and sports tourism.
• Rise of the “access” economy.
• Solo travel and multigenerational travel as a result of single households and an aging population.
• Rising awareness on travel with sustainable advocacies, thoughtful consideration about climate change impacts, and plastic-free travel.

Social Impacts

Because tourism experiences also involve human interaction, certain impacts may occur. Generally, social impacts in tourism are related to guest-to-host or host-to-guest influences and changes. Studies of these encounters often relate to the Social Exchange Theory, which describe how tourists and hosts’ behaviours change as a result of the perceived benefits and threats they create during interaction (Nunkoo, 2015).

Positive social impacts in tourism include learning about different cultures, increasing tolerance and inclusion through LGBTQ+ travel, increasing amenities (e.g., parks, recreation facilities), investment in arts and culture, celebration of Indigenous peoples , and community pride. When developed conscientiously, tourism can, and does, contribute to a positive quality of life for residents and a deeper learning and appreciation for tourists.

Unfortunately, tourism also has its shortcomings and is culpable for some detrimental impacts. However, as identified by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2003a), negative social impacts of tourism can include:

• Change or loss of indigenous identity and values
• Culture clashes
• Physical causes of social stress (increased demand for resources)
• Ethical issues (such as an increase in sex tourism or the exploitation of child workers)

Some of these issues are explored in further detail in Chapter 12 , which examines the development of Indigenous tourism in British Columbia.

Environmental Impacts

Tourism relies on, and greatly impacts, the natural environment in which it operates. In many cases, the environment is an essential resource that outdoor recreation and ecotourism cannot exist without. Even though many areas of the world are conserved in the form of parks and protected areas, tourism development can still have severe negative impacts from misuse, overuse, and neglect. According to UNEP (2003b), these can include:

• Depletion of natural resources (water, forests, etc.)
• Pollution (air pollution, noise, sewage, waste and littering)
• Physical impacts (construction activities, marina development, trampling, loss of biodiversity)

The environmental impacts of tourism knows no boundaries and can reach outside local areas and have detrimental effects on the global ecosystem. One example is increased emissions from necessary tourism elements such as transportation. Air travel for instance, is a major contributor to climate change. Chapter 10 looks at the environmental impacts of tourism in more detail.

A overview of the negative and positive impacts:

Whether positive or negative, tourism is a force for change around the world that is capable of transforming the environment from micro- to macro-scales at a staggering rate.

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The impact of tourism: How can we all do this better?

John perrottet, beril benli.

Tourism is growing, and growing fast. After surpassing 1 billion international visitors in 2012, we are expecting 1.8 billion by 2030. Tourism is growing faster than the global economy and, for the first time, the statistics for 2015 are expected to show that there were more trips taken to the developing world than to the developed world. But what does this actually mean? Growth, on its own, is not enough. Destinations and their stakeholders are responsible for ensuring that growth is well-managed; that benefits are maximized; and that any negative externalities are minimized. This requires a continuous process of planning and management that evolves and that can be measured over time. For the World Bank Group, our clients and our development partners, this process of planning and management is a central interest. How can we help these processes to deliver more and better development impact? What kinds of interventions or types of assistance will deliver the best results? How do you define the best results – for whom? – and how do we measure them? Being able to demonstrate how the tourism sector contributes to the Bank Group’s twin goals of eliminating extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity is an imperative for all stakeholders. It’s relevant for national governments, sub-national state agencies, businesses (both multinationals and SMEs), multilateral development banks, NGOs, academics and think tanks. Moreover, it’s vital in helping guide future planning and development, gaining access to and applying for funding, and demonstrating progress to constituents at all levels.

Despite the great breadth and depth of existing impact information, however, serious concerns remain about the accuracy, complexity, gaps, comparability and sustainability of the types of the impact analyses that have been carried out. The Bank Group’s Sustainable Tourism Global Solutions Group recently convened a thought-leadership event in Washington to begin a preliminary discussion about how all stakeholders can come together to try and address some of the current shortcomings. During the “ Measuring for Impact in Touris m” event, we heard about a wide range of challenges for those working in this area and we began to map out the greatest gaps and issues. As Anabel Gonzalez, the Senior Director of the Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice, said at that conference: “We want to be better at monitoring and evaluating our impact, we want to learn from others, and we want to contribute more effectively to tourism development.  I believe these are goals most of you will share. We invite you to join this discussion – and be frank, open and provocative.”The findings can be found in our report, “ Towards More Effective Impact Measurement in the Tourism Sector: Observations and Key Issues ,” which highlights a number of priorities. Some of those challenges concern the availability, quality and consistency of data; the high cost of impact measurement for SMEs; the proliferation of different systems; issues of attribution; quantifying notions of “value”; and the ability to communicate effectively to a wide range of audiences. Some key areas for immediate follow-up and further analysis were also identified. They include:

• Exploring the theory of change by examining more closely the proposition  that, when tourism growth occurs, those living in extreme poverty benefit and by digging deeper into what tourism growth really means for the poor, especially in terms of employment. 
• Assessing the impact value of different types of tourism.
• Assessing and developing the role of technology for data collection, impact measurement and communication.
• Evaluating the use of training for better communication – including assessing what has been tried and what has worked and considering how it could be scaled up. 
• Analyzing the necessity and practicality of improving collaboration among various actors, and assessing the alignment of frameworks along with proposals for greater alignment.
• Developing ideas and proposals for the enhanced sharing and pooling of impact data.
• Developing ideas and proposals for greater inclusion of SMEs.
• Competitiveness
• Digital Development
• Urban Development

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Positive and Negative Social-Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Residents

• Conference paper
• First Online: 17 November 2020
• Cite this conference paper

• Fernanda A. Ferreira   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-7821 7 ,
• Conceição Castro   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-5867 8 &
• Ana Sofia Gomes 9  

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 208))

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• International Conference on Tourism, Technology and Systems

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Tourism is a socio-cultural phenomenon that has intensified with technological development and with the advancement of communication and transport systems. However, the increase in the number of people moving around the world does not necessarily represent success or tourist access, but it can mostly serve more immediate marketing interests.

Since tourism is considered a phenomenon, the sociological interest to study it arises. Tourist practice is an educational process, a learning process, which is established through the relationship between visitors and residents and their cultural backgrounds. Several authors dedicate their studies to this field, and several are also those who try to understand the relations between tourists and the residents in the host region. The purpose of this work is to review the scientific literature that is focused on the sociology of tourism as a subject to study the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism on societies and residents and how residents perceived the benefits and costs of tourism developments in the local community. Review of literature suggests that interactions between visitors and the host community can lead to short and long term positive and negative social-cultural, economic and environmental impacts on destinations.

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Acknowledgments

Fernanda A. Ferreira acknowledges the financial support by Portuguese national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UIDB/04752/2020.

Conceição Castro acknowledges the financial support by Portuguese national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UIDB/05422/2020.

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Conceição Castro

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Ana Sofia Gomes

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Ferreira, F.A., Castro, C., Gomes, A.S. (2021). Positive and Negative Social-Cultural, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Residents. In: de Carvalho, J.V., Rocha, Á., Liberato, P., Peña, A. (eds) Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems. ICOTTS 2020. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 208. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4256-9_26

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Positive and negative effects of tourism

• June 23, 2017
• General , Society

The marketable organization and procedure of holidays and visits to places of significance is known as tourism. It is a very profitable business which has enriched the knowledge of mankind in several ways. However, they have a number of drawbacks! Tourism is beneficial when it is done not in the cost of the environment, but in careful harmony with it. When man’s greed to acquire money exceeds its conscious, tourism becomes a harmful game for the host as well as the guests. It is a boon for rural areas and developing countries, but mass tourism can prove to be a bane as well! Let’s find out, in detail, what the pros and cons of tourism are.

Positive effects of Tourism

Employment and economy progress a great deal through tourism. Jobs are generated, not only in the tourism sector, but also in the manufacturing sectors and its like. Small scale industries get the much needed boost and appreciation due to tourism and handicraft also flourishes. When people directly in the tourism sector earn, they spend on other goods and services which is known as the “multiplier effect”. A lot of alternate employment opportunities like security guards, tourist guides, etc are born due to tourism.

When local crafts and arts are given a boost, the local heritage and culture is preserved. This is a very positive global effect. Eventually, the infrastructure of the locality changes and betters. This helps raise the standard of living in the tourist spot. Also, when hosts and guests interact, a worldwide exchange of lifestyles and understanding of cultures takes place.

Through this change in the level of understanding, awareness regarding poverty, wildlife abuse and illiteracy is raised. The whole world pools in to make a section of our society better. This way, funds are collected for environmental undertakings and animal care.

So, apart from creating jobs for local people and giving a boost to the economy of the host locality by increasing their income, tourism assists in protecting the village services’ welfare like the bus services and post offices, in promoting local crafts and in preserving the wildlife and scenic beauty of a place.

Negative Effects of tourism

Terrorists, natural disasters and economic recession seem to hit the tourist spots hardest. Also, the work provided by the tourism industry is seasonal, therefore making people lazy as well as utterly dependent. A lot of funds are drained out through hotel chains and other such multi nationals.

It isn’t a surprise that tourism causes irreparable damage to tourist spots. Though measures are being taken to curb obnoxious activities, yet constructions done and a lot of crowd drawn is doing more harm than good to the wildlife of a specific region.

Another major problem is the increase in crime rate. Problems like child labor, drugs, alcohol, smuggling and prostitution often rise in areas that are inhabited by tourists. Tourists are always known to be well spending; hence such expensive racquets are on the rise in tourist spots.

While tourism does give us amenities that we would otherwise lack, it takes away the real essence of the place. The natural beauty of the tourist spot is somewhat subdued by tourism. For example, hotels often provide all sorts of food to their customers. This leads to the customers choosing something they’re habituated too instead of going in for something new and locale. This keeps the tourists from experiencing the real place.

Another problem is the corrosion of traditional values. For example, due to western influence, people in India are forgetting their traditions and are keener on following their steps to become seemingly “cool”. Like girls in India prefer roaming about in hot pants rather than their traditional salwar kameez. Though it has a certain amount of comfort attached to it, girls who were supposed to know how to tie saris at 12 don’t know the same at the age of 20! There, of course, is no issue in girls wearing pants, but they must not forget how to adorn their traditional clothes. The area of tourism is often subjected to congestion, pollution and overcrowding. This harms the local people. Also, along with people of the foreign land, diseases of the foreign land migrate to the tourist spots, bringing about epidemics which can be fatal.

To bring out the stark reality and actuality in the problems stated above, I’d quote Henning Mankell, “Go to Mozambique! As long as you don’t expect to find flawless infrastructure, just go. Because this is a country where people have not quite grown accustomed to tourists. You still feel a genuineness that no longer exists in countries where tourism has been industrially developed.” It shows the amount of damage done, it’s time to stop.

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The positive effects of tourism outweigh the negatives. If you can bring a lot of tourists to your city, locals will get the most benefit out of it. Their businesses will bloom. The negative effects can be minimised with a proactive approach from the government.

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Tourism — The Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism on Cambodia

The Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism on Cambodia

• Categories: Tourism

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Words: 1042 |

Published: Jul 10, 2019

Words: 1042 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

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Positive effects of tourism in cambodia, negative effects of tourism in cambodia, positive and negative impacts of tourism on the environment of cambodia, works cited.

• Conservation Efforts: Revenue generated from tourism has been channeled into conservation initiatives aimed at protecting Cambodia's natural and cultural heritage sites. This includes funding for the preservation of historical temples like Angkor Wat and the conservation of biodiversity in national parks.
• Reforestation: In some regions, tourism-driven conservation projects have led to reforestation efforts, helping to restore damaged ecosystems and combat deforestation.
• Deforestation: The growth of tourism has contributed to deforestation in Cambodia, particularly in areas near popular destinations like Siem Reap. Forests are cleared to make way for infrastructure development, such as hotels and roads, resulting in habitat loss for numerous plant and animal species.
• Pollution: Increased tourist activities have led to higher levels of pollution, including water pollution from sewage and waste disposal. This pollution can harm aquatic ecosystems and water quality, affecting both wildlife and local communities.
• Habitat Destruction: Construction of tourist facilities, such as resorts and golf courses, often involves the destruction of natural habitats. This can disrupt the ecosystems that support Cambodia's unique and diverse wildlife.
• Overuse of Natural Resources: The demand for water, energy, and other resources in tourist areas can strain local supplies, leading to over-extraction of resources and exacerbating scarcity in already vulnerable regions.
• Soil Erosion: Activities related to tourism, such as hiking and off-road vehicle tours, can contribute to soil erosion, further degrading natural landscapes.
• Wildlife Exploitation: The demand for wildlife-based tourism activities, such as elephant rides and visits to wildlife sanctuaries, can contribute to the illegal wildlife trade and the mistreatment and endangerment of animals.
• Nhean, P. (2013). 'The Kingdom of Wonder': Cambodia's Destination Branding. In R. Raj & G. Musa (Eds.), Tourism Development in Asia (pp. 139-153). Channel View Publications.
• Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC). (2012). Cambodia Tourism Marketing Strategy 2012-2020. Ministry of Tourism, Cambodia.
• World Travel and Tourism Council. (2016). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2016 Cambodia. World Travel and Tourism Council.
• Meng, K., & Nhean, P. (2018). Chinese Tourists Driving Southeast Asia Airport Boom. Nikkei Asian Review.
• Ma, A., & Cripps, K. (2017). Angkor Wat: Tourists behaving badly at Cambodia's sacred site. CNN Travel.
• Fifield, A. (2018). Cambodia’s Chinese tourism boom sparks concerns over impact. Financial Times.
• World Bank. (2019). Cambodia: Maximizing the Benefits of Tourism for Inclusive Development. World Bank Group.

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Positive and negative impact of tourism

Globalization has made the world a small place as people visit other countries and see their favorite places. Tourism has become the bread and butter industry for many countries blessed with amazing beaches, oceans and mountains. Visitors from around the world enjoy the hot spots and indulge in numerous adventure sports . Within 10 to 15 years, tourism has become a huge Global industry churning trillions of dollars. Every facet of the economy has a positive and negative impact with tourism not being any different. Let’s analyze them in a systematical manner.

Positive impact of tourism:

Foreign exchange: Tourists arriving in a country bring in valuable foreign exchange because they spend money on accommodation and sightseeing. It is a boon for the local economy providing employment to a large number of people as they offer services ranging from transportation to hotels. Some of them work as local guides explaining the facts to the tourists in detail.

Wide Exposure: People flying to various tourist destinations are introduced to the local culture. They learn the language and tend to appreciate the diversity present on the planet. Widely traveled individuals are tolerant of the differences and tend to be more easygoing.

Social changes: When the visitors appreciate the culture of the country, the local communities are filled with a sense of pride and self-confidence. Tourists buy the local artifacts from the people helping them to raise their living standards. Compared to manufacturing, tourism has become more popular as an industry as it doesn’t damage the environment significantly.

Environmental impact: Rather than cutting the forests, people tend to preserve them because they are a boon for tourism. Individuals from around the globe visit the place and enjoy the company of diverse flora and fauna. As a result, funding is generated to ensure that the habitat of the wild animals is intact.

Negative effects of tourism:

Drain on Economy: In order to attract the tourists, infrastructure has to be created from the ground up. Nobody would like to travel to a city if the roads are studded with potholes. In order to finance the development, people are taxed to raise the funds. Moreover, tourism is a seasonal industry with visitors rarely visiting during the off-season. In addition, the arrival of the tourists increases the cost of the essential goods for the locals.

Social ramifications: One of the biggest problems facing the tourist’s hot spots around the world is drug and alcohol abuse . If the visitors do not respect the culture of the locals, it can generate tensions and often fight. Prostitution is rampant in places where the tourists arrive in hordes. It is the job of the local community to inform the police in case of crime. People arriving at tourist destination should behave according to the laws of the land and do not lose control.

Environmental issues: Although tourism as an industry is least polluting, it still can cause significant damages to the environment. Businesses tend to open more hotels for accommodating an increasing number of visitors that might require the clearing of the virgin land.

Conclusion:

In short, tourism has both advantages and disadvantages however on a scale of one to ten it scores 100% as far as benefits are concerned.

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Tourism: The Positive And Negative Effects Of Tourism

Show More General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the impacts of tourism on three levels: economical, environmental, and cultural. Central Idea: Continuous progress in tourism affects residents in living in touristic destinations economically, environmentally, and culturally. The effects are both positive and negative and vary in how important and essential they are for the country’s residents. Preview Statement:Impacts of tourism are divided into seven general broad categories. Today I am going to inform you about three main impacts only: economical, environmental, and cultural. Body: I- To begin with, economic impacts of tourism can be divided into positive and negative effects. A- I will be elaborating below on the …show more content… As for countries infrastructure, tourism improves public utilities (water-electricity-sewage etc…) such improvements benefit both tourist and resident. Also, tourism improves transport infrastructure (mainly roads, airports, and public transportation). B- I will be elaborating below on the negative impacts as follows: 1-Tourism leads to an increase in prices of goods, services, land…: Huge demand for goods and services leads to a huge increase in their prices. The increase in the cost of goods and services affects residents negatively, leading to an increase in the cost of living. 2-Tourism seasonal jobs pay low wages: Seasonal tourism jobs are low paying jobs and are restricted to specific times of the year, leading to unemployment or underemployment during off seasons. Moreover, labor employees might be hired from foreign countries rather than locally in case specific job requirement is …show more content… These valued natural areas are well preserved and protected against pollution and environmental decline. 2- Protection of historical buildings: Income generated from tourism helps in protecting historical buildings and repairing monuments such as paintings, wall decorations… benefiting both tourist and resident. B- I will be elaborating below on the negative impacts as follows: 1-Pollution:Tourism causes all kinds of pollution such as water, noise, air, wastes….Degradation of natural resources occurs due to inappropriate use or overuse. 3- Shortage of water, elimination of landscape and degradation of historical places: Tourism can suppress the available water supply knowing that water is a scarce natural resource causing a shortage of water for residents. Excess visiting of tourists to landscapes and historical places can degrade them and ruin them. Signpost:After discussing the economic impact and the environmental impact of tourism, I will be focusing on the final impact which is the cultural impact. III- Tourism’s cultural impacts, similar to economical and environmental impacts, can be divided in to positive and negative

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PTE Daily Essay Topic: Discuss the positive and negative impacts of technology on education.

• Updated on  
• May 8, 2024

Brainstorming Ideas

Refer to the following brainstorming ideas to get a solid understanding of the answer.

• Technology has undeniably revolutionised education, transforming classrooms from static environments into dynamic hubs of interactive learning.
• While technology offers a plethora of benefits, its integration into education also comes with challenges that require careful consideration.
• Technology allows educators to tailor their instruction to individual student needs. 
• One major concern of incorporating technology in education is the potential for distraction. 
• Technology’s impact on education is multifaceted. While it offers exciting opportunities for personalised and engaging learning, its potential for distraction and the erosion of social skills cannot be ignored.

Q. Discuss the positive and negative impacts of technology on education.

Ans . Technology has undeniably revolutionised education, transforming classrooms from static environments into dynamic hubs of interactive learning. This digital revolution, however, presents a double-edged sword. While technology offers a plethora of benefits, its integration into education also comes with challenges that require careful consideration.

On the positive side, technology empowers educators to create engaging and personalised learning experiences. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations can bring abstract concepts to life, fostering a deeper understanding in students. Imagine a history lesson where students can virtually walk the halls of ancient Rome or a biology class where they can dissect a virtual frog. These immersive experiences spark curiosity and ignite a passion for learning that traditional textbooks often struggle to achieve. Furthermore, technology allows educators to tailor their instruction to individual student needs. Adaptive learning platforms can identify knowledge gaps and recommend personalised learning pathways, ensuring each student progresses at their own pace. This caters to diverse learning styles and ensures no student gets left behind.

However, technology’s influence on education is not without its drawbacks. One major concern is the potential for distraction. With laptops and tablets readily available, the allure of social media, games, and other online activities can easily divert students’ attention from the task at hand. This constant digital stimulation can hinder focus and lead to a decline in critical thinking skills. Students accustomed to instant information from search engines may struggle with developing the research and analytical skills necessary for deeper learning. Additionally, the overreliance on technology can erode essential social skills. This is because students may lack participation in classroom activities, which often involve collaboration and communication—skills that are nurtured through face-to-face interaction. Excessive screen time can impede students’ ability to communicate effectively and build strong relationships with their peers.

In conclusion, technology’s impact on education is multifaceted. While it offers exciting opportunities for personalised and engaging learning, its potential for distraction and the erosion of social skills cannot be ignored. By embracing technology thoughtfully, we can create a learning environment that empowers students to thrive in the digital age.

Paraphrased Statement:   Technology has undeniably revolutionised education, transforming classrooms from static environments into dynamic hubs of interactive learning. 

Thesis Statement : This digital revolution, however, presents a double-edged sword. While technology offers a plethora of benefits, its integration into education also comes with challenges that require careful consideration.

Body Paragraph 1 – Topic Sentence : Technology empowers educators to create engaging and personalised learning experiences. 

Body Paragraph 1 Supporting Reasons and Explanations: Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations can bring abstract concepts to life, fostering a deeper understanding in students. These immersive experiences spark curiosity and ignite a passion for learning that traditional textbooks often struggle to achieve.

Body Paragraph 2- Topic Sentence:   Technology’s influence on education is not without its drawbacks. One major concern is the potential for distraction. 

Body Paragraph 2 Supporting Reasons and Explanations: With laptops and tablets readily available, the allure of social media, games, and other online activities can easily divert students’ attention from the task at hand. This constant digital stimulation can hinder focus and lead to a decline in critical thinking skills.

Conclusion: In conclusion, technology’s impact on education is multifaceted. While it offers exciting opportunities for personalised and engaging learning, its potential for distraction and the erosion of social skills cannot be ignored.

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Positive and Negative Effects of Immigration on the Economy

This essay about the economic impacts of immigration examines both the positive and negative effects. It highlights how immigration introduces valuable labor to fill job vacancies, boosts innovation through diverse skills, and helps balance demographic shifts in aging populations. Conversely, it acknowledges potential downsides, such as wage suppression and increased competition for low-skilled jobs among native workers, as well as added strain on public services like education and healthcare. The piece argues that the challenges of immigration can be managed through thoughtful policies that foster economic integration and maintain social cohesion, thus maximizing its benefits while addressing its drawbacks.

How it works

Migration manifests as a multifarious phenomenon capable of reshaping a nation’s economic terrain in profound manners. Discourses regarding its repercussions tend to polarize, oscillating between its purportedly favorable and adverse impacts. By delving into both facets, we can garner a more nuanced comprehension of how migration influences economic dynamics.

One of the preeminent constructive ramifications of migration lies in the infusion of labor and aptitude into the host economic milieu. Migrants frequently occupy pivotal lacunae in the labor sphere, assuming roles that indigenous citizens might be disinclined to undertake.

This spectrum encompasses highly specialized vocations in technology and healthcare to indispensable functions in agriculture and construction. The variegation of skills and experiences that migrants introduce can catalyze ingenuity and propel economic expansion. For instance, numerous leading technological enterprises in the United States were instigated by migrants or their descendants, attesting to the substantial contribution of migrant entrepreneurship to employment creation and technological progression.

Furthermore, migration can serve as a counterbalance to the adverse economic consequences of an aging populace. In nations characterized by dwindling birthrates and escalating life expectancies, the workforce can dwindle, exerting heightened strain on social welfare systems. Migrants, typically entering the workforce age bracket, can help sustain a more balanced demographic equilibrium, buttressing the pension system and ensuring a steady influx of laborers. This demographic infusion is imperative for sustaining workforce vitality, a cornerstone for perpetuating economic productivity and supporting a burgeoning cohort of retirees.

Nevertheless, migration can also pose conundrums to the host economy, notably concerning its ramifications on wages and employment prospects for native-born laborers. Some posit that an influx of migrant laborers can engender competition for specific low-skilled vocations, potentially depressing wages and engendering impediments for indigenous laborers in securing employment. These repercussions are often acutely discernible in sectors characterized by low barriers to entry and elastic labor supply. Furthermore, if migrants concentrate in particular geographical locales or sectors, this can precipitate regional disparities in employment accessibility and wage levels, exacerbating societal frictions and economic disparity.

Another noteworthy apprehension pertains to the strain on public amenities. Swift population augmentation via migration can strain infrastructure, lodging, healthcare, and educational facilities. If not judiciously managed, this can precipitate overcrowded schools, protracted wait times at medical institutions, and escalated demand for affordable housing, thereby compromising the quality of life for all residents. The fiscal implications of migration hinge largely on the attributes of the migrants themselves (such as their age, educational attainment, and health status) and the adaptiveness of public policies in effectuating the effective assimilation of newcomers.

In summation, migration harbors the potential to enrich an economy, rendering it more dynamic and resilient. It infuses labor, fosters innovation, and can ameliorate demographic imbalances. Nonetheless, it also poses quandaries necessitating prudent management, such as labor market competition, potential wage compression, and demands on public services. The crux of optimizing benefits while assuaging drawbacks lies in sagacious and holistic policy frameworks that buttress economic assimilation and societal harmony. Grasping these intricate dynamics is imperative for any dialogue on migration, guaranteeing that policies not only address immediate exigencies but also align with enduring economic and societal objectives.

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"Positive And Negative Effects Of Immigration On The Economy," PapersOwl.com , 01-May-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/positive-and-negative-effects-of-immigration-on-the-economy/. [Accessed: 10-May-2024]

PapersOwl.com. (2024). Positive And Negative Effects Of Immigration On The Economy . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/positive-and-negative-effects-of-immigration-on-the-economy/ [Accessed: 10-May-2024]

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