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How to Visit a Temple

What is a Temple?

Temples are religious sites connected to Buddhism, which arrived in Japan around the middle of the 6th century. There are many different sects of Buddhism within Japan; some of the more notable branches include Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism and–perhaps the most well known–Zen Buddhism. Temples often house an important Buddhist relic or statue related to the founder or deities of that particular sect.

Purification Rituals at a Temple

It’s important not to step directly on the threshold of the main gate when entering the grounds of a temple. While very few people remember the practice, women should enter with their right foot first, and men should begin with their left.

Just as when visiting a shrine, those entering the grounds of a temple are encouraged to purify themselves. Often, a temizuya or chozuya water basin is placed near the entrance for visitors to use to rinse their hands and mouth. Additionally, a temple often includes a jokoro, or incense burner. Visitors are encouraged to waft the smoke from the incense burner over certain parts of their bodies that might be feeling unwell, in hopes that the smoke will bring healing. Wafting it toward the head is said to bring wisdom and clarity of mind.

How to Pray

Those wishing to pray in the main hall of a temple should throw a few coins in the offering box, though there is no suggested amount or specific lucky coin to consider. Unlike at a shrine, there is also no need to clap before you pray. Simply bow at a slight angle (some suggest 45 degrees is ideal), put your hands together, and offer up your prayers. Bow once more before leaving the main hall, and also as you exit the temple precincts.

Some temples allow visitors to light incense sticks to leave as offerings. It is common to choose only one stick and light it from a nearby candle or enclosed flame. Use your hand to extinguish any actual flames (it’s apparently bad form to blow it out) and then carefully stand the stick upright in the sand.

Services Held at Temples

Some temples hold daily prayer services that are open to the public. These services are often held to pray for the souls of the departed. For a fee, worshippers may also request a prayer service for a specific purpose (i.e. to honor a particular deceased relative).

Staying Overnight at a Temple

Spending the night at a shukubo, or temple lodging, has become a popular pastime in recent years, particularly at the mountaintop temple complex of Koyasan in Wakayama Prefecture. Shukubo were originally intended for those making Buddhist pilgrimages and provide overnight visitors will simple accommodations and vegetarian shojin ryori meals. In many shukubo, guests are invited to take part in the morning prayer ceremonies.

Notable Temples in Japan

Japan has no shortage of temples, and visitors will find these religious buildings on remote mountaintops as well as in the middle of major cities. Some of the most famous temples in Japan include Senso-ji in the Asakusa district of Tokyo; the hillside temple of Kiyomizudera on the eastern edge of Kyoto, and the 88 temples of the famed pilgrimage trail on the island of Shikoku.

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By Japan Travel

Japan Travel Staff

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10 Most Beautiful Buddhist Temples in Japan

Much like its counterparts in other Asian nations, Buddhism plays a pivotal role in spiritual and cultural fabric of Japan. Japan stands as a repository of ancient Buddhist architectural marvels, some spanning centuries or even millennia. These edifices have borne witness to the nation’s numerous historical ebbs and flows.

These venerable Japanese temples, with their unique and intricate designs,  not only underscore the nation’s profound cultural and religious heritage but also beckon international travelers, eager to immerse in their historical splendor. As you traverse its varied landscapes, from bustling urban centers to tranquil countryside, these temples emerge as sanctuaries of serenity, art and spirituality.

In this article, LotusBuddhas will introduce to you 10 famous and beautiful Buddhist temples in Japan, spiritual tourist destinations that attract tourists to this land of cherry blossoms.

Table of Contents

1. Tōdai-ji Temple

Tōdai-ji Temple, strategically located in Nara, Japan, is an architectural and cultural marvel that draws tourists from all over the world.  Recognized as both a UNESCO World Heritage site and a National Treasure of Japan, Tōdai-ji embodies Japan’s rich historical legacy and the profound impact of Buddhism on its cultural development.

A major allure of Tōdai-ji is the Daibutsuden (Great Buddha Hall), one of the world’s largest wooden structures. Within this hall, you’ll be met with the awe-inspiring sight of the Daibutsu, the colossal bronze statue of the Buddha Vairocana. This iconic statue, standing at a staggering height of nearly 15 meters and weighing around 500 tons, is a testament to the sophistication of ancient Japanese metallurgy and craftsmanship.

However, the appeal of Tōdai-ji extends beyond its impressive structures. As you wander the vast temple grounds, you’ll encounter lush gardens, serene ponds, and smaller subsidiary temples and shrines, each narrating its unique chapter of Japanese history. The Nigatsu-dō and Sangatsu-dō halls, for instance, are renowned for their intricate woodwork and the antique Buddhist statues they shelter.

For those keen on immersion, Tōdai-ji provides interactive experiences. You can partake in Buddhist rituals, engage in meditation sessions, or attend lectures on Buddhist teachings. Moreover, a unique challenge awaits at one of the temple’s pillars in the Daibutsuden. Here, you’ll find a hole the same size as the Great Buddha’s nostril. It is believed that those who can squeeze through this opening will be blessed with enlightenment in their next life.

Furthermore, the temple’s location in Nara Park means that you’ll often encounter the park’s famous free-roaming deer, believed to be messengers of the gods in Shinto belief. These gentle creatures add a whimsical touch to your temple visit.

2. Kiyomizu-dera Temple

Kiyomizu-dera, nestled in the picturesque city of Kyoto, stands as an epitome of Japan’s unparalleled architectural prowess and its deep-seated spiritual heritage. A UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, Kiyomizu-dera serves as a beacon, drawing countless tourists eager to bask in its magnificence and unravel the tales it preserves.

One of the temple’s most striking features is its expansive wooden terrace, supported by towering pillars, offering panoramic views of the city enveloped in seasonal beauty. From cherry blossoms in spring to vibrant autumn foliage, the changing seasons paint a mesmerizing backdrop, compelling you to pause and soak in the moment.

The temple’s very name, “Kiyomizu,” translates to “pure water,” and aptly so. At the heart of the complex is the Otowa Waterfall, where three separate streams of water cascade.  You, like many visitors, can partake in the ritual of capturing the water using cups attached to long poles, each stream believed to confer benefits in either longevity, academic success, or love.

As you traverse the temple grounds, Jishu Shrine awaits, dedicated to the deity of love and matchmaking. Here, you’re presented with a challenge — to walk between two stones placed 18 meters apart with your eyes closed. Successfully navigating this path is believed to fortify one’s romantic endeavors.

Your experience at Kiyomizu-dera isn’t confined to its buildings and rituals. The approach to the temple, lined with quaint shops, offers you a sensory journey. You can savor traditional Kyoto specialties, buy handcrafted souvenirs, and even don the vibrant kimonos available for rent.

It’s not just a temple but a space where you engage with Japanese culture, history, and spirituality on a profound level. Your journey here extends beyond sightseeing, drawing you into introspective moments, traditional practices, and the boundless beauty of Japan’s cultural tapestry.

3. Senso-ji Temple

Senso-ji, an iconic edifice in Tokyo’s historic Asakusa district, is Tokyo’s oldest and arguably most venerated temple. Dating back to the 7th century, this Buddhist temple’s profound historical significance and captivating beauty have cemented its status as a must-visit destination for travelers.

Upon your approach to Senso-ji, the majestic Kaminarimon or “Thunder Gate” stands as a sentinel, guarding the temple’s entrance. Adorned with a colossal red paper lantern, this gate serves as a prelude to the temple’s grandeur and beckons visitors to delve deeper into the temple grounds.

Navigating from Kaminarimon, you’ll find yourself traversing Nakamise-dori, a bustling shopping street replete with traditional stalls. This stretch,  spanning over 200 meters, offers you a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in Japanese culture. From artisan crafts, traditional snacks like ningyo-yaki (doll-shaped cakes filled with sweet red bean paste), to the intricately designed yukatas and souvenirs, every item tells a story.

At the end of this vibrant alleyway, the temple’s main hall and a five-story pagoda emerge, both embodying a blend of historical gravitas and architectural splendor. While the main hall is a focal point for prayers, it also houses a statue of Kannon, the goddess of mercy, to whom temple is dedicated. Although the statue is not on public display, just the knowledge of its presence adds a layer of reverence to your visit.

The temple grounds further encompass other smaller shrines and beautifully landscaped gardens, inviting contemplation and offering spots of tranquility amidst the city’s hustle.

Beyond its architectural and historical allure, Senso-ji is also a hub for cultural festivities. Depending on when you visit, you might be fortunate to witness vibrant events such as the Sanja Matsuri or the Hozuki Ichi.

A visit here offers you a tapestry of experiences – from understanding the religious practices of Japan and indulging in traditional shopping to simply basking in the temple’s serenity. Every corner whispers tales from the past, making your journey through Senso-ji a walk through the annals of Tokyo’s rich heritage.

4. Ryoan-ji Temple

Ryoan-ji, situated in the culturally rich city of Kyoto, is a Zen Buddhist temple renowned for its enigmatic and iconic rock garden. As a UNESCO World Heritage site, this temple epitomizes the height of Zen aesthetics and offers a sublime representation of Japan’s philosophical and artistic inclinations.

Upon your entry into Ryoan-ji, the foremost attraction you’ll encounter is its karesansui, or dry landscape garden. This garden, measuring 30 meters from east to west and 10 meters from south to north, is an austere composition of fifteen carefully arranged rocks on a bed of fine white gravel, raked daily to perfection. The garden’s unique layout ensures that, from any vantage point, only fourteen of the fifteen rocks are visible. It’s posited that attaining a view of the fifteenth rock signifies a moment of enlightenment. As you ponder the garden’s layout and its deeper meanings, the garden invites introspection, urging you to contemplate the essence of existence and the intricacies of perception.

Beyond the rock garden, Ryoan-ji’s grounds are an embodiment of tranquility.  The Kyoyochi Pond, predating the temple itself, presents a picturesque scene with its mirror-like waters reflecting the seasonal beauty of surrounding trees and the hills beyond. As you stroll around this pond, the sounds of chirping birds and gentle breezes can offer a meditative experience.

The temple complex also houses the Tsukubai, a stone water basin for ritual purification. The basin bears an inscription, which when translated, underscores the Zen principle of humility: “I learn only to be contented.” Ryoan-ji is not just a sight to behold but an experience to be felt. The temple’s minimalistic design and natural beauty make it a retreat for the soul.

5. Byōdō-in Temple

Byōdō-in, gracefully positioned in the historic city of Uji in Kyoto Prefecture, is a resplendent representation of Japan’s Heian period architecture and the enduring influence of Buddhism on its cultural fabric. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, this temple stands not just as an architectural marvel but as a beacon of Japan’s rich historical and spiritual heritage.

Central to Byōdō-in’s allure is Phoenix Hall, named for its likeness to a bird taking flight, with its gracefully outstretched wings. As you approach, the hall’s stunning façade, replete with intricate carvings and capped with a pair of phoenix statues, evokes a sense of timelessness.  Phoenix Hall’s interior is equally captivating, housing a magnificent statue of the Amida Buddha, surrounded by a host of celestial attendants in delicate relief.

Surrounding the Phoenix Hall, the temple’s gardens exemplify pure Japanese aesthetics. Designed to capture nature’s transient beauty across seasons, the pond in front reflects the hall’s image, creating an ethereal scene reminiscent of the Western Pure Land, a Buddhist paradise. As you traverse the garden paths, the interplay of light, water, and architecture can transport you to realms of tranquility and reflection.

Further elevating Byōdō-in’s significance is its presence on the Japanese 10-yen coin, attesting to its cultural and historical importance in the national psyche.

Beyond its architectural and spiritual offerings, Byōdō-in is strategically located in Uji, a city renowned for its premium quality green tea. Post your temple exploration, you can indulge in a traditional tea ceremony, savoring the nuanced flavors of Uji’s matcha, further immersing you in Japanese culture.

In essence, Byōdō-in is a harmonious blend of history, spirituality, and art. Your journey here offers a multi-faceted experience, from marveling at architectural wonders and reflecting on spiritual teachings to savoring the refined tastes of Japanese tea. A visit to Byōdō-in is not just a visual treat but an odyssey that engages all your senses, transporting you to the heart of Japan’s Heian elegance and Buddhist legacy.

6. Hase-dera Temple

Hase-dera, gracefully situated in the coastal town of Kamakura, holds a distinguished position among Japan’s diverse tapestry of temples. With roots purportedly dating back to the 8th century, this Buddhist temple is an embodiment of Japan’s rich historical narrative interwoven with spiritual undertones.

At the heart of Hase-dera’s allure is the striking statue of Kannon, the goddess of mercy. As you navigate the temple’s main hall, this 9.18 meters tall wooden statue — one of the largest of its kind in Japan — evokes a deep sense of reverence. Carved from camphor wood and gilded in gold, the statue’s eleven heads represent different phases in the search for enlightenment, beckoning contemplation.

But the magnificence of Hase-dera doesn’t end with the Kannon. As you ascend the temple grounds, you’re greeted by panoramic vistas of the coastal town, the shimmering Pacific Ocean, and on clear days, the distant silhouette of Mount Fuji.  The elevated gardens, punctuated by seasonal flowers, ponds, and stone pathways, offer pockets of tranquility, turning your visit into a sensory and meditative experience.

The temple complex also features the Kannon Museum, where a myriad of religious artifacts and treasures are displayed, providing insights into the temple’s history and the evolution of Buddhist art in Japan.

Another poignant spot within the temple precincts is the Jizo-do Hall, dedicated to Jizo Bosatsu, the guardian of deceased children. Here, you’ll find hundreds of small Jizo statues placed by grieving parents, making it a touching testament to the resilience of human spirit and hope.

If you visit during June, the temple’s hydrangea path bursts into a riot of colors, turning Hase-dera into a picturesque haven and making it a favorite among photographers and nature enthusiasts. Beyond its architectural gems and religious artifacts, it serves as a window into the soul of Japanese culture and spirituality. Whether you’re seeking solace, historical insights, or the sheer beauty of nature, Hase-dera promises a journey that resonates long after your visit concludes.

7. Kinkaku-ji Temple

Kinkaku-ji, colloquially known as the Golden Pavilion, stands as a shimmering beacon of Japan’s architectural prowess and historical legacy in the heart of Kyoto. Initially conceived as a retirement villa for Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in the 14th century, this Zen Buddhist temple is now celebrated worldwide for its opulent design and the profound serenity it offers.

The defining feature of Kinkaku-ji is undoubtedly its two upper floors, which are completely ensconced in pure gold leaf. As you approach the temple, the reflection of the Golden Pavilion against the backdrop of the aptly named Mirror Pond, punctuated with islets of stone and pine, creates a tableau that is both breathtaking and contemplative. This reflection, apart from being a visual marvel, encapsulates the idea of the impermanence of life, a central tenet of Zen Buddhism .

Inside the pavilion, each floor represents a distinct architectural style. While you’re not permitted to enter the pavilion, viewing it from various angles offers a lesson in the evolution of Japanese design,  from the Shinden style of the first floor to the Samurai house style of the second and the Zen hall style of the third.

As you meander through the meticulously manicured gardens surrounding Kinkaku-ji, you’re immersed in a landscape that has been designed to stimulate meditation and reflection. Every stone, tree, and water feature has been strategically placed, ensuring that with each step, you’re engaging in a dialogue with nature and history.

Beyond its evident visual allure, Kinkaku-ji is also a testament to Japan’s resilience. The temple, having been rebuilt after a fire in 1950, serves as a poignant reminder of the nation’s ability to rise from adversity and restore its cultural landmarks.

8. Ginkaku-ji Temple

Ginkaku-ji, commonly referred to as the Silver Pavilion, is an emblematic Zen temple that graces the eastern mountains of Kyoto. While its counterpart, Kinkaku-ji, flaunts a golden luminescence, Ginkaku-ji exudes a more understated beauty, embodying the principles of wabi-sabi — the Japanese art of finding beauty in imperfection and transience.

Originally commissioned by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa in the 15th century as a retirement villa, Ginkaku-ji later transformed into a temple following his demise.  Unlike its moniker might suggest, the Silver Pavilion is not clad in silver. Instead, its wooden facade has weathered gracefully over time, acquiring a subdued silver-gray patina that beautifully juxtaposes the verdant surroundings.

Upon entering the temple grounds, you’re immediately struck by the meticulously raked sand garden, known as the “Sea of Silver Sand.” This garden, with its carefully sculpted sand mound named the “Moon Viewing Platform,” symbolizes Mount Fuji and exemplifies the Zen principle of mindfulness. As you walk alongside, the precision and tranquility of the patterns invite introspection and a deeper connection to the present moment.

Ginkaku-ji’s moss garden stands in stark contrast to its sand counterpart. Winding pathways lead you through a tapestry of ponds, streams, and diverse vegetation, offering a serene journey and an immersive experience of Japan’s natural beauty. Strategically placed stone lanterns and bridges accentuate the garden’s charm, guiding your path and inviting moments of pause and appreciation.

The temple complex also offers a panoramic view of Kyoto. As you ascend the gentle hill behind the main hall, you’re rewarded with vistas that encapsulate both the temple’s architectural beauty and the city’s urban sprawl, presenting a harmonious blend of the ancient and the contemporary.

Your journey here offers a profound immersion into Zen aesthetics and the Japanese ethos of embracing simplicity and impermanence. Whether you’re an art enthusiast, a budding historian, or simply seeking solace, Ginkaku-ji promises an enriching experience that resonates with the soul.

9. Enryaku-ji Temple

Enryaku-ji, majestically located atop Mount Hiei in Kyoto, is not merely a temple but a sprawling monastic complex that has profoundly influenced Japanese Buddhism for over a millennium. Founded in 788 AD by the monk Saichō, this temple became the epicenter of Tendai Buddhism and served as a spiritual cradle for various Buddhist sects that would later flourish in Japan.

What makes Enryaku-ji stand out is its historical significance intertwined with the tranquility of its mountain setting. The temple complex, consisting of multiple halls, pagodas, and sub-temples, spans three main areas: Todo (East Pagoda), Saito (West Pagoda), and Yokawa. As you traverse this extensive site, you’re not just walking through architectural marvels but are also retracing the footsteps of countless monks who embarked on their rigorous spiritual journey here.

The main hall, Konpon-chudo, is the very heart of Enryaku-ji and represents the eternal light of the Buddha. Inside, a flame that has been burning since Saichō’s time serves as a poignant reminder of the temple’s uninterrupted spiritual lineage. As you stand before it, you can sense the weight of history and the fervor of devotion that has been passed down through generations.

The temple’s location offers more than just spiritual enrichment. With its vantage point on Mount Hiei, panoramic views of Lake Biwa on one side and Kyoto on the other await you. These breathtaking landscapes, especially during the changing seasons, enhance the temple’s serene ambiance, making it a favorite spot for contemplation and nature appreciation.

Apart from its architectural and scenic allure, Enryaku-ji has played host to a myriad of cultural events and rituals. The marathon monks of Mount Hiei, known for their arduous “kaihogyo” practice, are an integral part of Enryaku-ji’s legacy.  Their intense spiritual discipline, involving long-distance runs for consecutive days, stands as a testament to human endurance and dedication.

Enryaku-ji offers a holistic experience. Your journey here is a communion with history, spirituality, and the pristine beauty of nature. From the intricate woodwork of its temples to the mellifluous chants that often fill the air, every element beckons introspection and reverence.

10. Sanjūsangen-dō Temple

Sanjūsangen-dō, nestled in the culturally rich city of Kyoto, stands as a marvel of Japanese Buddhist architecture and artistry. Its name, when translated, means “Hall with Thirty-three Spaces Between Columns,” an apt descriptor for its long, rectangular structure, which is Japan’s longest wooden structure. Built in 1164 and later reconstructed in 1266 following a fire, this temple has been a beacon of spiritual and cultural significance for centuries.

The primary draw for visitors to Sanjūsangen-dō is the awe-inspiring assembly of 1,001 life-sized wooden statues of Kannon, the goddess of mercy. These statues, carved from Japanese cypress and adorned with gold leaf, are positioned in 10 rows and 50 columns.  As you step inside the main hall, the sheer magnitude and intricacy of this assembly leave an indelible impression. Each statue, though made in a similar form, has unique facial features, offering a tapestry of expressions and craftsmanship.

Centrally positioned among these 1,001 statues is the principal image of Kannon. This impressive, larger-than-life statue represents the goddess with 11 faces and 1,000 arms, symbolizing her boundless compassion and ability to reach out to all sentient beings.

Complementing the Kannon statues are 28 guardian deities, intricately carved and positioned at the front. These deities, derived from Hinduism but integrated into Buddhist lore, are believed to protect the goddess and her devotees.

Sanjūsangen-dō is not just a feast for the eyes; it is an immersive historical and spiritual experience. The temple’s annual archery contest, the Tōshiya, showcases the prowess of Japan’s top archers in a tradition that dates back centuries. If you time your visit right, witnessing this event adds another layer of cultural richness to your experience.

The meticulously maintained temple grounds, with their lush gardens and ponds, offer a serene backdrop, inviting moments of contemplation and respite from urban hustle.

Here, you’re not merely observing statues but are engaging in a dialogue with Japan’s rich tapestry of spirituality, art, and history. For art connoisseurs,  history enthusiasts, or those seeking a spiritual connection, Sanjūsangen-dō offers an experience that resonates on multiple levels, leaving you both enlightened and inspired.

As you see, the mosaic of Japan’s cultural and spiritual landscape is beautifully expressed in its iconic Buddhist temples. From the majestic architecture of Tōdai-ji to the Zen gardens of Ryoan-ji, each temple represents a unique blend of art, history and spirituality.  If you have the opportunity to visit Japan, LotusBuddhas advises you not to miss these timeless spiritual heritages. Interacting with them, you not only observe architectural works but also immerse yourself in a deep dialogue with the Japanese soul.

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Shitennoji Temple

Shitennoji (�l�V����, Shitennōji) is one of Japan's oldest temples and the first ever to be built by the state. It was founded in 593 by Prince Shotoku, who supported the introduction of Buddhism into Japan. Although the temple's buildings burned down several times throughout the centuries, they were always carefully reconstructed to reflect the original 6th century design.

The outer temple grounds are free to enter, but admission to the inner precinct, the Gokuraku-jodo Garden and the treasure house is paid. In the pebble-covered courtyard of the inner precinct stand a five-storied pagoda that can be entered and ascended and the Main Hall (Kondo) in which Prince Shotoku is enshrined as a statue of Kannon.

A short walk away, the Gokuraku-jodo Garden was designed based on descriptions of the Western Paradise of the Amida Buddha. Also on the temple grounds stands a treasure house that displays paintings, scriptures and other valuable belongings of the temple in periodic, themed exhibitions.

Getting there and around

Shitennoji is a short walk from Shitennoji-mae-Yuhigaoka Station on the Tanimachi Subway Line. Alternatively, it can be reached in a ten minute walk north of Tennoji Station on the JR Osaka Loop Line.

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Exploring the Legacy of Buddhism in Japan: A Journey Through Time and Temples

Buddhism has been a cornerstone of Japanese culture and society for over a millennium, shaping its arts, politics, philosophy, and customs. This blog post delves into the rich tapestry of Japanese Buddhism, exploring its origins, evolution, and the unique ways it has intertwined with Shinto, Japan’s indigenous religion. We’ll also examine the role of Buddhist temples in Japan, their architectural marvels, and the cultural nuances that make them unique. From the ancient Nara period to the modern era, we’ll journey through the fascinating history of Buddhism in Japan and its enduring influence on the country’s identity.

Table of Contents

Buddhism’s Journey to Japan and the Founding of the Initial Temples

Buddhism, a religion that originated in India, made its way to Japan via the Korean peninsula in the 6th century. The Soga clan, one of the powerful clans in Japan, was instrumental in promoting Buddhism among the ruling class. The first Buddhist structures in Japan were likely modeled after Korean designs, as evidenced by the Hōkō-ji temple in Asuka, Nara.

The introduction of Buddhism to Japan was not without conflict. The Soga clan’s support for Buddhism led to a power struggle with the Mononobe and Nakatomi clans, who were ardent supporters of Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan. The Soga clan eventually emerged victorious, leading to the establishment of Buddhism as a significant force in Japanese society.

The first state-sponsored temple in Japan, Shitennō-ji, was built by Prince Shōtoku, who is revered as a great patron of Buddhism in Japan. He is credited with constructing numerous temples and commissioning religious art. His Seventeen Article Constitution, a document outlining moral and political principles, reflects Buddhist and Confucian teachings and is considered one of the earliest constitutions in history.

The Nara period (710-794) saw the construction of the great Todai-ji temple in Nara, which houses the world’s largest bronze statue of the Buddha Vairocana. This period also saw the rise of the Tendai and Shingon sects of Buddhism, which were introduced to Japan by the monks Saichō and Kūkai respectively during the Heian period (794-1185). These sects, along with others that emerged later, continue to shape Japanese Buddhism today.

The spread of Buddhism in Japan was not limited to the elite. It permeated various aspects of Japanese culture, including art, literature, and philosophy. The development of various Buddhist sects, each with its own interpretations and practices, allowed Buddhism to adapt to and integrate with indigenous Japanese beliefs and practices. This flexibility and adaptability have been key to Buddhism’s enduring presence in Japan.

In the 12th century, amid social and political upheaval, new forms of Buddhism that emphasized personal salvation and faith, such as Pure Land Buddhism and Nichiren Buddhism, gained popularity. These forms of Buddhism offered hope and comfort to the common people, further expanding the influence of Buddhism in Japan.

Today, Buddhism continues to be a major religion in Japan, deeply intertwined with Japanese culture and society. From the grand temples that dot the country to the Buddhist rituals that mark life’s milestones, the influence of Buddhism is a testament to its enduring relevance to the Japanese people.

Buddhism in Japan: A Historical Overview

Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since about the 6th century CE. Japanese Buddhism has created many new Buddhist schools, some of which are original to Japan and others derived from Chinese Buddhist schools. It has had a significant influence on Japanese society and culture and remains an influential aspect to this day.

The introduction of Buddhism to Japan was a gradual process, with the religion first making its way to China and Korea through the Silk Road and then traveling by sea to the Japanese archipelago. Early Japanese Buddhism is strongly influenced by Chinese Buddhism and Korean Buddhism. The Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) provides a date of 552 for when King Seong of Baekje (now western South Korea) sent a mission to Emperor Kinmei that included an image of the Buddha Shakyamuni, ritual banners, and sutras. This event is usually considered the official introduction of Buddhism to Japan.

The powerful Soga clan played a key role in the early spread of Buddhism in the country. Their support, along with that of immigrant groups like the Hata clan, gave Buddhism its initial impulse in Japan along with its first temple (Hōkō-ji, also known as Asukadera).

During the Heian period, the capital was shifted to Kyoto (then known as Heiankyō) by emperor Kanmu, mainly for economic and strategic reasons. As before, Buddhist institutions continued to play a key role in the state, with Kanmu being a strong supporter of the new Tendai school of Saichō (767–822) in particular.

The Kamakura period was a period of crisis in which the control of the country moved from the imperial aristocracy to the samurai. In 1185 the Kamakura shogunate was established at Kamakura. This period saw the development of new Buddhist lineages or schools which have been called “Kamakura Buddhism” and “New Buddhism”.

During the height of the medieval era, political power was decentralized and shrine-temple complexes were often competing with each other for influence and power. These complexes often controlled land and multiple manors, and also maintained military forces of warrior monks which they used to battle with each other.

In spite of the instability of this era, the culture of Buddhist study and learning continued to thrive and grow. Furthermore, though there were numerous independent Buddhist schools and lineages at this time, many monks did not exclusively belong to one lineage and instead traveled to study and learn in various temples and seminaries. This tendency of practicing in multiple schools or lineages was termed shoshū kengaku. It became much more prominent in the medieval era due to the increased social mobility that many monks enjoyed.

The Influence of Chinese Buddhism on Japanese Buddhism

Buddhism in Japan has a rich history that dates back to the 6th century CE. The religion was introduced to Japan through the Sinosphere, a cultural and linguistic region influenced by Chinese culture. This region includes countries such as Korea, Vietnam, and Japan, which have been significantly influenced by the Chinese language, culture, and Confucian philosophical ideals.

The form of Buddhism that took root in Japan is Mahayana Buddhism, which was translated into Chinese and incorporated into the Chinese Buddhist canon. This canon also included Taoist and Confucian works, reflecting the syncretic nature of Chinese religious and philosophical thought. The Chinese Buddhist canon was then introduced to Japan, where it was further developed and adapted to the local culture and conditions.

The influence of Chinese Buddhism on Japanese Buddhism is evident in several key aspects. First, many of the Buddhist scriptures used in Japan were translated from Sanskrit into Chinese before being introduced to Japan. Second, many of the Buddhist practices and rituals in Japan have their origins in Chinese Buddhism. Third, the structure and organization of Buddhist temples and monastic communities in Japan were also influenced by Chinese models.

The influence of Chinese Buddhism on Japanese Buddhism is not just limited to religious practices and institutions. It also extends to cultural, artistic, and intellectual aspects of Japanese society. For example, Buddhist ideas and motifs have had a significant influence on Japanese literature, art, and philosophy. The influence of Chinese Buddhism can also be seen in the Japanese language itself, which has borrowed a large number of terms and concepts from Chinese Buddhist texts.

In conclusion, the influence of Chinese Buddhism on Japanese Buddhism is profound and pervasive. It has shaped not only the religious landscape of Japan but also its cultural, intellectual, and linguistic development. Despite these influences, however, Japanese Buddhism has also developed its own unique characteristics and traditions, reflecting the dynamic and adaptive nature of Buddhist thought and practice.

The Temples’ Roles in the Political, Cultural, and Religious Life of Japan

Political influence and power structures.

The temples in Japan have played significant roles in the political life of the country. They were not just places of worship but also centers of power. They were often built by emperors, shoguns, and other powerful figures as a demonstration of their authority and wealth. For example, the Tōdai-ji in Nara was built by Emperor Shōmu in the 8th century as a symbol of his power and to promote Buddhism as the state religion. The construction of such grand temples required vast resources and manpower, reflecting the political power of those who commissioned them.

Cultural Influence and Learning Centers

Temples were also centers of culture and learning. They housed libraries and schools, and monks often engaged in scholarly activities such as the translation of Buddhist texts and the creation of works of art and literature. Temples were also involved in the preservation and propagation of traditional Japanese arts such as tea ceremony, flower arrangement, and Noh theater. The Zen temples of the Kamakura period, for example, were known for their austere beauty and their influence on Japanese aesthetics, including the tea ceremony and ink painting.

Religious Influence and Practices

As centers of religious practice, temples played a crucial role in the spiritual life of the Japanese people. They were places of worship, pilgrimage, and religious education. The doctrines and practices taught in temples influenced Japanese religious beliefs and values. For example, the Pure Land Buddhism taught in many temples promised rebirth in a heavenly realm to anyone who invoked the name of the Buddha Amida, a teaching that had a profound impact on Japanese religious consciousness.

Connection with Authority and the Monarchy

Temples often had close ties with the ruling authorities. Emperors, shoguns, and other rulers often patronized temples, donating land and resources and often choosing to enter the priesthood themselves in their later years. This close connection between temples and the ruling authorities helped to elevate the status of Buddhism in Japanese society and allowed it to exert a significant influence on Japanese politics and culture.

Buddhism and Power Structures in Japan

Buddhism has been deeply intertwined with the power structures and monarchy of Japan throughout history. From the time of its introduction in the 5th century, Buddhism has been closely associated with the ruling classes, including the Emperor and the various forms of government that have existed in Japan. The religion has been used as a tool of statecraft, with Buddhist temples often serving as centers of power and influence.

The Emperor’s Relationship with Buddhism

The Emperor of Japan, while largely a symbolic figure in modern times, has had a complex relationship with Buddhism. The Emperor is traditionally seen as the highest authority in Shinto, Japan’s indigenous religion, but has also been a patron of Buddhism, with many emperors personally involved in Buddhist practices.

The Heian Period and Cloistered Rule

In the Heian period, the concept of “cloistered rule” emerged, where retired emperors exerted influence from behind the scenes, often from within a Buddhist temple. This was a significant shift in the power dynamics of the Japanese court.

The Kamakura Period and the Rise of the Samurai Class

During the Kamakura period, the rise of the samurai class and the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate brought about a new form of government, known as “Bakufu” or military government. Buddhism continued to play a significant role during this period, with new forms of Buddhism, such as Zen, gaining popularity among the samurai class.

The Evolution of Buddhist Precepts in Japan: Meat Eating and Marriage Among Monks

The evolution of Buddhist precepts in Japan, known as “戒律” (Kairitsu), has a unique history that diverges from the original practices in India and China. In the early days of Buddhism, monks were expected to adhere strictly to the precepts, which included abstaining from eating meat and refraining from marriage. However, the situation in Japan began to change during the Meiji period.

The Meiji government, in an effort to modernize and westernize Japan, implemented a policy known as “廃仏毀釈” (Haibutsu Kishaku), which aimed to separate Buddhism and Shinto, the indigenous religion of Japan. As part of this policy, the government permitted Buddhist monks to eat meat and marry, a significant departure from traditional Buddhist precepts.

This change was influenced by the government’s desire to align more closely with Western practices, where Christian clergy were allowed to marry. The policy also aimed to weaken the power of the Buddhist institutions, which had become politically influential. This shift in the interpretation of Buddhist precepts was a significant turning point in the history of Buddhism in Japan, marking a departure from the practices of other Buddhist traditions.

The allowance for monks to eat meat and marry is primarily seen in the Jōdo Shinshū (Pure Land Buddhism) and Nichiren sects of Buddhism in Japan. These sects interpret the precepts as guidelines rather than strict rules, allowing for greater flexibility in their practice. This approach has made these sects more accessible to the general public, contributing to their popularity in Japan.

It’s important to note that not all Buddhist sects in Japan have adopted these changes. Many traditional sects, such as the Zen and Shingon sects, continue to uphold the traditional precepts, including celibacy and vegetarianism. These sects believe that strict adherence to the precepts is essential for achieving enlightenment.

In conclusion, the allowance for monks to eat meat and marry in certain sects of Japanese Buddhism is a unique aspect of Japanese Buddhist history, reflecting the influence of government policy and cultural adaptation. It serves as an example of how religious practices can evolve and adapt to fit the needs and circumstances of a particular society.

Buddhism in Modern Japan

Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since the 6th century and has had a major influence on Japanese society and culture, remaining an influential aspect to this day. The Japanese Government estimates that as of 2018, about 67% of the Japanese population are Buddhists. This makes Buddhism the religion with the most adherents in Japan, followed by Shinto. However, a large number of people practice elements of both religions.

Buddhism in Japan has evolved over the centuries, creating many new Buddhist schools. Some of these schools are original to Japan, while others are derived from Chinese Buddhist schools. The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are the Jōdo Buddhists with 22 million believers, followed by the Nichiren Buddhists with 11 million believers.

Despite these impressive numbers, the practice of Buddhism in Japan is not as straightforward as it might seem. Surveys show that roughly 70% of the population do not adhere to any religious beliefs. Yet, about 60% of Japanese families have a butsudan (Buddhist shrine) in their homes. This suggests that while formal religious affiliation may be low, cultural practices and traditions associated with Buddhism remain deeply ingrained in Japanese society.

Buddhism in Japan faces several challenges in the modern era. The rapid pace of technological advancement, the pressures of globalization, and the changing social landscape have all had an impact on how Buddhism is practiced and perceived. Yet, Buddhism continues to adapt and evolve, finding new ways to remain relevant and meaningful in the lives of many Japanese people.

The enduring legacy of Buddhism in Japan is evident in the country’s art, architecture, literature, and philosophy. It has shaped Japan’s cultural identity and continues to influence its societal values and worldview. As Japan faces the challenges of the 21st century, the wisdom and teachings of Buddhism may offer valuable insights and solutions.

Looking ahead, the future of Buddhism in Japan is likely to be as dynamic and diverse as its past. As it continues to interact with other religious traditions and responds to societal changes, Buddhism in Japan will undoubtedly continue to evolve, reflecting the complex and ever-changing tapestry of Japanese culture and spirituality.

Detailed Breakdown of Key Temples

As Buddhism spread throughout Japan, a variety of temples were established, each with its unique history, cultural significance, and influence on Japanese society. In this section, we will delve into the detailed histories of some of the most significant Buddhist temples in Japan, discussing their cultural, political, and religious significance, and their influence on the course of Japanese history.

Asuka-dera: The Cradle of Japanese Buddhism

Asuka-dera, also known as Hōkō-ji, is a Buddhist temple located in Asuka, Nara, and is considered one of the oldest temples in Japan. The original buildings of Hōkō-ji were constructed in 588, shortly after Buddhism was introduced to Japan, under the orders of Soga no Umako. The temple was built with the guidance of masters and artisans from the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje.

When the capital was transferred from Asuka to Heijō-kyō (now Nara city), the buildings of Asuka-dera were also moved from Asuka to Nara in 718 CE and developed into a large temple under the name of Gangō-ji. However, the original site of Hōkō-ji was maintained as a temple, which still exists today.

The main object of worship at Asuka-dera is the bronze Great Buddha, said to have been made by Kuratsukuri no Tori in the early seventh century. This statue is designated as an Important Cultural Property.

tion of Buddhism to Japan. The temple was initially built in Asuka, but was moved to Nara in 718 when the capital was transferred to Heijō-kyō (now Nara city).

The temple underwent several name changes over time, reflecting its evolving character and role in society. It was initially known as Hōkō-ji, then Asuka Daiji, and finally Gangoji. The temple was not only a place of worship but also a center of learning, with several prominent Buddhist scholars associated with it.

Gangoji played a significant role in the religious and political life of Japan. It was a state-sponsored temple during the Fujiwara and Nara eras, under the pro-Buddhism policy of the Soga clan. However, the collapse of the ordinance system in the Heian Era led to the dissolution of Gangoji’s temple, with its buildings and towers dispersed.

Despite these challenges, Gangoji continued to be a significant religious institution. During the Kamakura Era, the temple was restored, and it had monks from the Koshin-ji (Dain-ji) school (the Saidai-ji school of Shingon Risshu). During the Edo Era, many high-ranking officials were associated with the temple due to its direct connection with Saidai-ji temple.

The temple’s history is marked by periods of decline and restoration. After the Meiji Restoration, the temple was without resident priests. However, in 1942, the headquarters of the Shingon Risshu sect, Honzan-ji, substantially governed the temple and its authority was reinstated. Today, Gangoji is a National Treasure and World Heritage Site of Nara, a testament to its enduring significance in Japanese history and culture.

Tōdai-ji: The Great Eastern Temple and its Influence

Tōdai-ji, also known as the Great Eastern Temple, is one of the most historically significant and well-known Buddhist temples in Japan. Established during the Nara period, it is a prominent symbol of the Nanto Rokushū, the six Buddhist sects of Nara, which played a pivotal role in shaping Japanese Buddhism.

The Founding and Historical Significance

Tōdai-ji was founded by Emperor Shōmu in 738 AD, during a period of political and social turmoil. The Emperor, a devout Buddhist, believed that the construction of a grand Buddhist temple and the promotion of Buddhism as a state religion would bring peace and prosperity to the nation. The temple’s main hall, the Daibutsuden, houses one of the largest bronze statues of Buddha (Daibutsu) in the world, symbolizing the temple’s religious and historical significance.

Nanto Rokushū and the Evolution of Japanese Buddhism

Tōdai-ji is closely associated with the Nanto Rokushū, the six Buddhist sects that flourished in Nara (then known as Heijō-kyō) during the Nara period. These sects, including the Kegon, Hossō, Jōjitsu, Sanron, Ritsu, and Kusha, were instrumental in the development and propagation of Buddhism in Japan. They were characterized by their scholarly approach, focusing on the study and interpretation of various Buddhist texts and doctrines.

Tōdai-ji, in particular, was associated with the Kegon sect, which was based on the teachings of the Avataṃsaka Sūtra, a key text in Mahayana Buddhism. The Kegon sect’s philosophy, emphasizing the interdependence and interconnectedness of all phenomena, had a profound influence on Japanese Buddhist thought.

Tōdai-ji and the Heian Buddhism

As Buddhism evolved during the Heian period, Tōdai-ji continued to play a significant role. The Heian period saw the rise of new Buddhist sects, particularly the Tendai and Shingon, which were collectively referred to as Heian Buddhism. These sects, while distinct from the Nanto Rokushū, were heavily influenced by them, incorporating many of their doctrines and practices.

Tōdai-ji, with its rich scholarly tradition, contributed to this religious and philosophical exchange. The temple served as a center of learning, where monks from various sects studied and debated Buddhist doctrines. This intellectual cross-pollination played a crucial role in the development of Heian Buddhism, which in turn shaped the course of Japanese Buddhism in the centuries that followed.

Kinkaku-ji and Ginkaku-ji: The Golden and Silver Pavilions and Their Cultural Influences in the Muromachi Period

The Muromachi period, also known as the Ashikaga period, was a significant era in Japanese history that spanned from 1336 to 1573. This period was characterized by the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate and the development of a unique cultural epoch known as the Muromachi culture.

The Muromachi culture was divided into two main phases: the Kitayama culture and the Higashiyama culture. The Kitayama culture, which flourished during the reign of the third shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, was marked by the influence of Chinese culture and the opulence of the ruling class. An era characterized by the fusion of the traditional court culture and the emerging culture of the warrior class. The Golden Pavilion (Kinkaku-ji) is a representative example of the Kitayama culture. The pavilion, with its different architectural styles and lavish use of gold, embodies the cultural and aesthetic values of this era.

The Higashiyama culture, on the other hand, developed during the reign of the eighth shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, and was characterized by the principles of Zen Buddhism and the aesthetics of wabi-sabi (the beauty of simplicity and transience). This culture significantly influenced the development of the tea ceremony (chadō), flower arranging (ikebana), Noh drama, and sumi-e ink painting. The Silver Pavilion (Ginkaku-ji) is a representative example of the Higashiyama culture.

The Higashiyama culture was named after the eastern hills (Higashiyama) of Kyoto, where Yoshimasa built his retirement villa. After his death, the villa was converted into the temple Ginkaku-ji, which became the center of Higashiyama cultural development. The retired shogun invited many artists, poets, and court nobles to his villa, encouraging the development of their arts. A vast and priceless collection of artifacts, known as the Higashiyama Treasure, was assembled there.

The Muromachi period was also marked by the spread of culture to the common people and its regional dissemination, especially during the Sengoku (Warring States) period. This period saw the rise of many “small Kyotos” or regional cultural centers, which eventually contributed to the development of a national culture.

In summary, the Muromachi period was a time of significant cultural development and diversification in Japan, with the establishment of unique aesthetic principles and the spread of culture beyond the aristocracy to the common people and the regions.

Enryaku-ji: The Mountain Temple and its Imperial Patronage

Enryaku-ji, perched atop the sacred Mount Hiei, is a temple of immense historical and religious significance. Founded in 788 by Saichō, the monk who introduced the Tendai sect of Buddhism to Japan, Enryaku-ji has played a pivotal role in the religious and political landscape of the country.

The Founding and Growth of Enryaku-ji

Saichō, posthumously known as Dengyō Daishi, was a leading figure in the Heian period. He journeyed to China in 804 and returned with the teachings of the Tendai sect, a branch of Mahayana Buddhism. Saichō’s vision was to create a monastic complex where monks could undergo a rigorous 12-year training program, integrating the study of scriptures, meditation, and ritual practices. This vision came to fruition with the establishment of Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei, northeast of the capital city of Heian-kyō (modern-day Kyoto).

Enryaku-ji grew rapidly under Saichō’s leadership and the patronage of Emperor Kanmu, who saw in Buddhism a unifying force for the country. The temple became a center for learning, attracting scholars and monks from across Japan. Its influence extended beyond the religious sphere, with its monks playing active roles in the political arena.

Enryaku-ji and the Imperial Court

Enryaku-ji’s close ties to the imperial court were further cemented during the reign of Emperor Shirakawa and Emperor Sutoku. Emperor Shirakawa, known for his policy of insei (cloistered rule), abdicated the throne in favor of his son but continued to wield significant political power. He was a devoted patron of Enryaku-ji and made several visits to the temple, contributing to its expansion and the promotion of the Tendai sect.

Emperor Sutoku, the son of Emperor Toba and the 75th emperor of Japan, was also a significant figure in Enryaku-ji’s history. A lover of the arts and a devout Buddhist, Sutoku was deeply involved in the world of poetry and Buddhism. Despite his defeat in the Hōgen Rebellion and subsequent exile, Sutoku’s influence on the cultural and religious life of the period was profound.

The Warrior Monks of Enryaku-ji

One of the most distinctive aspects of Enryaku-ji’s history is its association with the warrior monks, or “sōhei.” These monks were not just religious practitioners but also skilled fighters. They served as the temple’s defenders and were often involved in political and military affairs. At the peak of its power, Enryaku-ji was a complex of as many as 3,000 sub-temples and a powerful army of these warrior monks.

The warrior monks of Enryaku-ji, known as the “yamabushi” (mountain monks), were particularly influential. They were known for their martial prowess and were often involved in conflicts with other temples, the imperial court, and the shogunate. However, their power was not unlimited. In the Muromachi period, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, who had once been the Tendai sect’s chief abbot under the name of Yoshiyuki, launched a large-scale suppression campaign against Enryaku-ji because he was well aware of the military power and brutality of the warrior monks. This trend of temples maintaining military forces continued until 1588, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi implemented a sword hunt.

The Temple’s Influence and Legacy

Enryaku-ji’s influence extended far beyond its physical location on Mount Hiei. The temple’s teachings, particularly those of the Tendai sect, permeated throughout Japan, shaping the country’s religious, cultural, and political landscapes. The temple’s rigorous training program, which integrated the study of scriptures, meditation, and ritual practices, produced many notable scholars and monks who went on to play significant roles in Japanese society.

The temple’s influence was particularly evident in the realm of arts and culture. The teachings of the Tendai sect and the intellectual environment of Enryaku-ji influenced the development of classical Japanese literature, including works such as “The Tale of Genji” and “The Tale of the Heike.” The temple’s influence also extended to traditional Japanese music, with the chanting style developed at Enryaku-ji serving as the basis for the music of the Noh theater.

Enryaku-ji also played a significant role in the development of other Buddhist sects in Japan. Many founders of new Buddhist movements in the Kamakura period, such as Honen, Shinran, Dogen, and Nichiren, were initially trained at Enryaku-ji. These individuals went on to establish their own schools of Buddhism, such as the Pure Land sect, the Soto Zen sect, and the Nichiren sect, all of which have had a profound impact on Japanese religious life.

Despite facing numerous challenges and conflicts over its long history, including clashes with military powers and internal strife, Enryaku-ji has managed to preserve its traditions and continue its religious practices. Today, the temple remains an important center for the study and practice of Tendai Buddhism, attracting monks, scholars, and visitors from around the world. The temple’s enduring presence attests to its significant role in Japanese history and its ongoing relevance in contemporary Japanese society.

Daikaku-ji: The Imperial Abode Turned Temple

Daikaku-ji, a Shingon Buddhist temple in Ukyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan, is a testament to the profound influence of Buddhism on Japanese royalty. Originally a residence of Emperor Saga (785–842 CE), the site later served as the seat of cloistered rule for various emperors. The temple grounds are also home to the Saga Go-ryū school of ikebana, reflecting the deep-rooted connection between Japanese religious and artistic traditions.

The Birth of Daikaku-ji

The origins of Daikaku-ji trace back to the Heian period in 814 CE, when Emperor Saga commissioned the construction of a palace, known as the Saga-in, on the site. This palace later became his retirement abode, known as the Saga Rikyu imperial villa. In 876, thirty-four years after Emperor Saga’s death, his daughter Princess Masako, consort of Emperor Junna, transformed the complex into a temple and christened it Daikaku-ji. As a monzeki temple, it was traditionally led by imperial princes appointed as the temple’s abbot.

Daikaku-ji and the Cloistered Rule

Daikaku-ji played a significant role during the era of the cloistered rule, a unique form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this system, an emperor would abdicate but still retain power and influence. These retired emperors, who often withdrew to live in monasteries, acted to counterbalance the influence of Fujiwara regents and the warrior class. At the same time, the titular emperor, chosen by the former emperor, fulfilled all the ceremonial roles and formal duties of the monarchy.

Daikaku-ji served as the retirement home and power center for several emperors during the 13th and 14th centuries. It became the residence of retired emperors such as Emperor Go-Saga, Emperor Kameyama, and Emperor Go-Uda. These emperors, ordained as monks, continued to wield power from Daikaku-ji, a practice known as cloistered rule. This unique blend of religious and political power is a defining characteristic of Daikaku-ji’s history.

The temple’s role as a center of cloistered rule is particularly evident in the case of Emperor Kameyama. After his abdication, Emperor Kameyama continued to exert significant influence over the court from Daikaku-ji. He even entered the priesthood and joined the Zen sect, leading to the gradual penetration of Zen Buddhism into the Court Nobility. In 1289, he helped establish the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyoto.

The Ōsawa Pond and Garden: A Heian Legacy

The Ōsawa Pond and surrounding garden, older than the temple itself, date back to the Heian period. Emperor Saga created this artificial lake of 2.4 hectares, either during his reign (809-823) or between his retirement and death in 842. The pond, designed to mirror the outlines of China’s Dongting Lake, was part of an imperial garden known as chisen-shuyu, meant to be viewed from a boat, similar to the Imperial Chinese gardens of the period.

The pond features two islands, one large and one small, with the smaller known as Chrysanthemum Island. Several small rocky islets between the two islands are designed to resemble Chinese junks at anchor. A hillside north of the lake hosts a dry cascade (karedaki), a type of Japanese rock or Zen garden, where a real waterfall is suggested through a composition of stones.

A Cultural and Artistic Hub

The garden and pond have been celebrated in the poetry of the Heian period and are considered the birthplace of the Saga school of ikebana, named in honor of Emperor Saga. The lake was designed as a vantage point for moon viewing from boats, a tradition that continues today with an annual moon-viewing party featuring Heian period-style costumed dancers, musicians, and dragon boats. The lake remains a popular spot for viewing the cherry trees in bloom.

In conclusion, Daikaku-ji stands as a symbol of the intricate interplay between religion, politics, and culture in Japan. Its history and continued relevance offer a fascinating glimpse into the enduring influence of Buddhism on Japanese society. From its origins as an imperial residence to its transformation into a temple and a seat of cloistered rule, Daikaku-ji embodies the rich tapestry of Japanese history.

Hongan-ji: The Temple of the Primal Vow

Hongan-ji, also known as the Temple of the Primal Vow, is a significant school of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism. It further sub-divides into the Nishi (West) and Higashi (East) branches. The term ‘Hongan-ji’ can refer to any one of several actual temple buildings associated with the sect, but the two major temples in Kyoto are Nishi Honganji and Higashi Honganji.

Historical Background

The Hongan-ji was established as a temple in 1321, on the site of the Ōtani Mausoleum, where Shinran, the founder of the Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land) was buried. The temple first gained power and importance in the 15th century, when Rennyo became its eighth monshu (spiritual leader). However, the Tendai sect based on Mount Hiei saw this expansion as a threat and attacked the Hongan-ji three times with its army of sōhei (warrior monks).

During the Sengoku period, fearing the power of the monks of the Hongan-ji, Oda Nobunaga tried to destroy it. For ten years, he laid siege to the Ishiyama Hongan-ji in Osaka, one of the two primary temple fortresses of the sect. In 1580, the abbot of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji, Kennyo, surrendered, while his son Kyōnyo refused to surrender, for which he was publicly disowned.

The Split of Hongan-ji

After the death of Nobunaga in 1582 and the ascent of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Kennyo was rewarded for his opposition to Nobunaga by being granted land in Kyoto, at the site of modern-day Nishi Hongan-ji. He was succeeded by his legitimate son, Junnyo, as abbot in 1592. While his brother Kyōnyo re-established the Osaka Hongan-ji in 1596 with local support, owing to his refusal to surrender to Nobunaga earlier. After the death of Hideyoshi in 1598, Kyōnyo openly supported Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became shōgun in 1602. In reward for his loyalty, Kyōnyo was rewarded with land for a temple in Kyoto to the east of Nishi Honganji, which then became known in 1603 as Higashi Honganji. In 1619 the government recognized the two entities as separate congregations. It is popularly believed, however mistakenly, that the institution was split in two in order to maintain control of the order.

Modern Divisions of the Hongan-ji

Today, Nishi Hongan-ji, formally known as the Jodo-Shinshu Honganji-ha, is the largest of all the Jodo Shinshu branches. It has a history of institutional stability that accounts for high membership figures, and a larger geographical reach, but fewer well-known modern thinkers. The Nishi Hongan-ji has a sizable number of overseas temples in the United States, South America, Hawai’i, Canada, and Europe which are organized into several kyodan (districts). The largest of these is the Buddhist Churches of America.

Higashi Hongan-ji, or “the Eastern Temple of the Original Vow,” is one of the two dominant sub-sects of Shin Buddhism in Japan and abroad, the other being Nishi Hongan-ji. It is also the name of the head temple of the Ōtani-ha branch of Jōdo Shinshū in Kyoto.

Higashi Hongan-ji was established in 1602 by the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu when he split the Shin sect in two to diminish its power. The temple was first built in its present location in 1658. The temple grounds feature a mausoleum containing the ashes of Shin Buddhism founder Shinran. The mausoleum was initially constructed in 1272 and moved several times before being constructed in its current location in 1670.

At the center of the temple is the Founder’s Hall, where an image of the temple’s founder, Shinran, is enshrined. The hall is one of the largest wooden structures in the world at 76 m (250 ft.) in length, 58 m (190 ft.) in width, and 38 m (125 ft.) in height. The current hall was constructed in 1895.

The Amida Hall to the left of the Founder’s Hall contains an image of Amida Buddha along with an image of Prince Shōtoku, who introduced Buddhism to Japan. The hall is ornately decorated with gold leaf and art from the Meiji Period. The current hall was constructed in 1895.

During the twentieth century, Higashi Hongan-ji was troubled by political disagreements, financial scandals, and family disputes, and has subsequently fractured into a number of further sub-divisions. The largest Higashi Hongan-ji grouping, the Shinshu Otaniha, has approximately 5.5 million members. However, within this climate of instability, the Higashi Hongan-ji also produced a significant number of extremely influential thinkers, such as Soga Ryojin, Kiyozawa Manshi, Kaneko Daiei, and Haya Akegarasu, among others.

The Split and the Cloistered Rule

The split of the Hongan-ji into the Nishi and Higashi branches was a strategic move by the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1602 to diminish the power of the Shin sect. The temple was first built in its present location in 1658. The temple grounds feature a mausoleum containing the ashes of Shin Buddhism founder Shinran. The mausoleum was initially constructed in 1272 and moved several times before being constructed in its current location in 1670.

The temple’s close ties to the imperial court and the cloistered rule are evident in its history. During the Heian period (794-1185), retired emperors often wielded significant political power from behind the scenes, in a system known as the cloistered rule. This system allowed retired emperors to exert influence without the official responsibilities of the throne, and temples often served as their bases of power. The Hongan-ji temples, with their significant religious influence and large followings, were key players in this political landscape.

The Hongan-ji’s involvement in the cloistered rule and its subsequent split into the Nishi and Higashi branches are a testament to the complex interplay of religion and politics in Japan’s history. The temples were not just places of worship, but also centers of power, influencing and being influenced by the political machinations of the time.

Byōdō-in: The Phoenix Rising from the Ashes of Time

The Byōdō-in, or “Temple of Equality,” is a significant cultural and historical landmark in Japan. It was originally built in 998 during the Heian period as a rural villa for a high-ranking courtier, Minamoto no Shigenobu. After his death, the property was purchased by Fujiwara no Michinaga, a powerful member of the Fujiwara clan, and was transformed into a Buddhist temple by his son, Fujiwara no Yorimichi, in 1052.

The temple holds a significant place in the history of East Asian Buddhism. The year 1052 marked the beginning of the Mappo, or the Age of Dharma Decline, which is considered the degenerate Third Age of Buddhism. This period was believed to signify the beginning of the end of the world, leading to an increased devotion to Buddhism and the ideology of the Buddhist Pure Land among the aristocracy and monks.

The temple complex has expanded over the centuries, with significant renovations and additions made during the Kamakura Period and later. The Phoenix Hall, completed in 1053, is the most famous building in the temple and houses a 2.4 meters tall Amida Buddha statue created by Jōchō, a renowned Buddhist sculptor of the Heian Period. The temple complex was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994 as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.

The Byōdō-in has also been a symbol of authority and cultural significance in Japan. Its image is displayed on the 10 yen coin, and the phoenix image is featured on the 10,000 yen note. The Phoenix Hall, the Amida Buddha statue inside it, and several other items at Byōdō-in are recognized as national treasures.

The temple’s importance extends beyond its historical and cultural significance. It is also a symbol of the enduring influence of Buddhism in Japan and its connection to the country’s political and social structures. The Byōdō-in serves as a testament to the deep intertwining of religion, culture, and authority in Japan’s history.

Practical Information for Tourists

Understanding temples in japan.

When visiting Japan, one of the most common sights you’ll encounter are the numerous Buddhist temples scattered throughout the country. These temples, known as “tera” (寺) in Japanese, are not just places of worship, but also significant cultural and historical landmarks. The same kanji for “tera” also has the pronunciation “ji”, so you’ll often see temple names ending in “-dera” or “-ji”. Another ending, “-in” (院), is normally used to refer to minor temples. For example, famous temples like Kiyomizu-dera, Enryaku-ji, and Kōtoku-in follow this naming pattern.

In addition to the common terms “tera”, “ji”, and “in”, there’s another term you might encounter when exploring Japanese temples: “monzeki” (門跡). Monzeki refers to specific temples where the head priest is a member of the imperial family or the nobility. This tradition started when Emperor Uda became a monk and resided at Ninna-ji, designating it as an imperial temple or monzeki. Over time, other temples also became monzeki as members of the imperial family or nobility took on the role of head priest. These temples hold a high status and are often associated with significant historical events or figures.

Understanding these terms and the distinctions between them can enhance your appreciation of the temples you visit in Japan. Each temple has its own unique history and cultural significance, and knowing the background can provide a deeper understanding of Japan’s rich Buddhist tradition.

Key Temples to Visit

Japan is home to thousands of Buddhist temples, each with its own unique history and cultural significance. However, if you’re planning a trip to Japan and want to experience the country’s rich Buddhist heritage, there are a few key cities that are particularly renowned for their temples: Kyoto, Nara, and Kamakura.

Kyoto, the former imperial capital of Japan, is often considered the heart of Japanese Buddhism. The city is home to over 1,600 temples, including some of the country’s most famous and historically significant. These include Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion), Ginkaku-ji (the Silver Pavilion), and Kiyomizu-dera, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Kyoto was the seat of the imperial court for over a thousand years, and during this time, it became a major center of Buddhist culture and learning. Many of the temples in Kyoto were built by emperors, shoguns, and other powerful figures, reflecting their deep ties to the political and cultural life of the country.

Nara, another former capital, is also a must-visit city for temple enthusiasts. It’s home to some of Japan’s oldest and most important temples, including Tōdai-ji, which houses the world’s largest bronze statue of the Buddha, and Hōryū-ji, which is considered the world’s oldest surviving wooden structure. Like Kyoto, Nara was a center of political and cultural power, and its temples reflect this historical significance.

Kamakura, located to the south of Tokyo, is known for its numerous temples and shrines, as well as its giant bronze statue of the Buddha. The city was the seat of the Kamakura shogunate, a military government that ruled Japan from the 12th to the 14th century. During this period, new forms of Buddhism, such as Zen, gained popularity, and many of the temples in Kamakura reflect these developments.

Visiting these cities and their temples provides a fascinating insight into the history and development of Buddhism in Japan. Each temple tells a story, not just of religious belief, but also of political power, cultural change, and architectural innovation. Whether you’re a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or simply a curious traveler, these temples offer a window into the soul of Japan.

Dress Code and Behavior

When visiting temples in Japan, it’s important to dress modestly out of respect for the religious nature of these sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing and try to keep your voice down to maintain the serene atmosphere.

Temple Etiquette

Before entering the temple, you’ll often find a purification fountain where you can cleanse your hands and mouth. This is a symbolic act of purification before entering a sacred space. When inside the temple, it’s customary to put your hands together and bow slightly in front of the main altar as a sign of respect.

Shojin Ryori

When visiting temples, you might have the opportunity to try shojin ryori, a type of vegetarian cuisine traditionally served in Buddhist temples in Japan. This cuisine is based on simplicity and harmony with nature, and it’s prepared without meat, fish, or other animal products. It’s a unique culinary experience that reflects the Buddhist principle of non-violence.

Omamori and Goshuin

Omamori are protective amulets that you can buy at temples. They’re often beautifully decorated and contain blessings for different aspects of life, such as health, safety, and success in studies. Goshuin, on the other hand, are stamps or calligraphic inscriptions that you can collect in a special book as a memento of your temple visit. Each temple has its own unique goshuin, making them a wonderful souvenir of your journey.

Shukubo is the practice of staying overnight at a Buddhist temple. This unique experience often includes participating in the temple’s daily activities, such as morning prayers, and enjoying shojin ryori. One such place offering this experience is the Omuro Kaikan at Ninna-ji Temple in Kyoto. Here, guests can participate in morning services, listen to Buddhist teachings, and explore the temple grounds before they’re open to the general public.

Planning Your Visit

Before your visit, it’s a good idea to check the temple’s official website for information about opening hours, admission fees, and any special events or restrictions. For example, Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto provides detailed information about various religious services available to visitors, such as personal prayers and blessings.

Remember, visiting a temple is not just a tourist activity, but also a chance to experience Japanese culture and spirituality. Respect the customs and enjoy the serene and beautiful environment that these historical sites offer.

The Intersection of Shinto and Buddhism: A Complex Tapestry of Religious Expression

The concept of shinbutsu-shūgō.

Shinbutsu-shūgō, which translates to “syncretism of kami and buddhas,” is a term that describes the fusion of Shinto and Buddhism, which was Japan’s primary organized religion up until the Meiji period. This syncretism began when Buddhism was introduced from China in the Asuka period (6th century). The Japanese attempted to reconcile the new Buddhist beliefs with the older Shinto beliefs, assuming both were true. As a result, Buddhist temples were attached to local Shinto shrines and vice versa, devoted to both kami and buddhas. The local religion and foreign Buddhism never fully fused but remained inextricably linked through interaction.

The Assimilation of Buddhism

The fusion of Buddhism with the local kami worship started as soon as Buddhism arrived in Japan. Buddhism was not passive in the assimilation process, but was itself ready to assimilate and be assimilated. By the time it entered Japan, it was already syncretic, having adapted to and amalgamated with other religions and cultures in India, China, and the Korean Peninsula.

The Honji Suijaku Theory

The honji suijaku theory, which developed in the 9th century, posits that Japanese kami are emanations of buddhas, bodhisattvas, or devas who mingle with human beings to lead them to the Buddhist Way. This theory was the keystone of the whole shinbutsu shūgō edifice and therefore the foundation of Japanese religion for many centuries. Because of it, most kami changed from potentially dangerous spirits to local emanations of buddhas and bodhisattvas which possess wisdom of their own.

The Continued Intersection of Shinto and Buddhism

In Japan, Shinto and Buddhism have a long history of coexistence and interaction, resulting in a complex tapestry of religious expression. This is evident in the phenomenon of shinbutsu-shūgō, the syncretism or fusion of Buddhism and Shinto. This syncretism is reflected in many aspects of Japanese religious culture, including the architecture and practices at religious sites.

However, there have been periods in Japanese history when efforts were made to separate and distinguish these two religions. One such period was during the Meiji Restoration in the late 19th century, a time of rapid modernization and westernization in Japan. The Meiji government implemented a policy known as Shinbutsu Bunri, which aimed to separate Shinto and Buddhism. This policy was part of a broader effort to establish Shinto as the state religion and reduce the influence of Buddhism, which was seen as a foreign religion.

The Shinbutsu Bunri policy led to a nationwide movement known as Haibutsu Kishaku, which sought to abolish Buddhism. This movement resulted in the destruction of many Buddhist temples and artifacts, and many Buddhist monks were forced to return to secular life. Despite the government’s intentions, the policy and the resulting movement did not completely eradicate Buddhism in Japan. Instead, it led to a transformation of Japanese Buddhism and its coexistence with Shinto in a more distinct and separate form.

The history of Shinbutsu Bunri and Haibutsu Kishaku is a testament to the complex and intertwined relationship between Shinto and Buddhism in Japan. Even today, many Japanese people practice both religions, often participating in Shinto rituals for life events like weddings and turning to Buddhism for matters related to death and the afterlife. This blending of religious practices is a unique aspect of Japanese spirituality and a reflection of the country’s rich cultural and religious history.

Public Perception of Shinto and Buddhism

The public often surprised to learn about the existence of Buddhist temples dedicated to Inari, a Shinto kami. This surprise indicates that the government’s efforts to separate Shinto and Buddhism into distinct categories have been largely successful in shaping public perception. However, in practice, the two religions continue to coexist and intersect in multiple ways.

From its introduction in the 6th century to its pervasive influence in contemporary Japan, Buddhism has been an integral part of the country’s cultural fabric. The temples, serving as both spiritual centers and repositories of cultural heritage, stand as testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in Japan. Whether it’s the grandeur of Tōdai-ji, the tranquility of Kinkaku-ji and Ginkaku-ji, or the spiritual allure of Byōdō-in, each temple has a unique story to tell, reflecting the multifaceted nature of Japanese Buddhism. As we navigate the modern world, these temples continue to offer a space for reflection, spiritual growth, and a deeper understanding of Japan’s rich history and culture. Whether you’re a devout Buddhist, a history enthusiast, or a curious traveler, the world of Japanese Buddhism offers a wealth of knowledge and experiences waiting to be discovered.

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17 Stunning Temples in Japan That Will Have You Buying a Plane Ticket, Stat

When visiting Japan, there are a few things that absolutely need to be on your list: enjoying some (or a lot) of sake with the locals , ample time to explore all of Tokyo's nooks and crannies , and—if you're a lady who's into anime or manga—a quick visit to the girls-only otaku cafe in Osaka. Oh, and then there are the breathtaking temples and shrines you'll find around every corner in Kyoto. Each and every temple is special in its own rite—a space for housing sacred objects and worshipping. It's the places like this where locals and tourists alike gather to partake in a peaceful moment that really catch our eye. In fact, you don't even need to be in the presence of these stunning pieces of architecture to feel the effects—take a few moments to rest your eyes from the daily grind to take in some of Japan's wondrous (and most cherished) sites. Disclaimer: We're not responsible for any impulse airfare purchases as a result of this slideshow. Erika Owen is the Audience Engagement Editor at Travel + Leisure. Follow her on Twitter and Instagram at @erikaraeowen .

Kiyomizu-dera Temple

This Buddhist temple in Eastern Kyoto is part of a series of monuments in the ancient city that have been dubbed UNESCO World Heritage Sites. For worshippers, Kiyomizu-dera—which translates to "Pure Water Temple"—is the home of the Goddess of Mercy—a symbol that's been around for more than 1,200 years.

The Great Buddha Statue at Kotoku-In Temple

Located in Kamakura in the Kanagawa Prefecture of Japan, Kotoku-In Temple is widely known for "Great Buddha", a bronze statue that greets people who visit the sacred space. No one knows exactly how old the statue is, but the guess is that it dates to at least 1252. The Great Buddha was preceded by a wooden monument of the same granduer that took 10 years of constant labor to complete. Today's landmark took its place after being damaged in a storm back in 1248.

The Silver Pavilion, Ginkaku-ji Temple

Ginkaku-ji—which is located in Kyoto's eastern mountain region—was actually a retirement villa before becoming a temple in 1490. The Silver Pavilion was built by Ashikaga Yoshimasa in 1482, who constructed the home to mimic his great-grandfather's villa (now known as the Golden Pavilion).

Sanjusangendo Temple

This temple in Eastern Kyoto is mostly known for its collection of 1,001 statues of Kannon, the goddess of mercy. The temple was originally founded in 1164, but rebuilt in 1264 after a fire destroyed the original structure.

Yakushiji Temple

Like Kiyomizu-dera, this temple is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the title "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara." Today, the temple is the Hosso School of Japanese Buddhism headlquarters—not a stretch considering it was once one of the Seven Great Temples of Nanto.

Todai-ji Temple

This temple—which has been around since 728—has seen its fair share of trauma since opening as a training center for Buddhist monks. In 855, the head from the temple's Great Buddha statue tumbled to the ground during an earthquake (and shortly repaired afterward). Later on, a number of fires and lightning hits damaged the Lecture Hall. And in 1180, more than half of the compound was damaged in a fire during an attack on the Ancient Nara temples by Taira no Shigehira.

Rock Garden, Ryoanji Temple

Located in northwest Kyoto, this temple is part of the Myōshin-ji school of the Rinzai branch of Zen Buddhism. Ryoanji Temple, which translates to "The Temple of the Dragon at Peace," is considered to have one of the most impressive instances of kare-sansui, or dry landscape—a type of Japanese zen garden design.

Ninnaji Temple

A good amount of the buildings in this temple complex date back to the 17th century—the most scenic being a five-story pagoda surrounded by dwarf cherry trees.

Byodo-In Temple

This temple may not actually be located in Japan—you can find it in O'ahu, Hawaii—but it's a great example of the way the country's culture has reached new and different parts of the world. This shrine was built in 1968 and is a replica of a 950-year-old temple in Japan. This structure commemoriates the 100-year anniversary of the first Japanese immigrants arriving in Hawaii.

Buddhist Temple in Hiraizumi

Hiraizumi is a town in the southern area of the Iwate Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan and is well known for its historic ruins and sacred buildings—many of the temples have been named World Heritage Sites. Visit any of the buildings and you'll be greeted with a serene space and bright, bold architecture.

Toji Temple

The five-story pagoda of this temple pavilion is the tallest wooden tower in Japan, measuring in at 54.8 meters high.

Horyu-ji Temple

Translating to "Temple of the Flourishing Law," Horyu-ji is both a seminary and a monastery. The temple's pagoda is regarded as one of the oldest wooden buildings in the world.

Bamboo Path, Tenryu-ji Temple

This temple, located at the western outskirts of Kyoto, has lived through eight separate fires before most recently being rebuilt in 1864. What is now located at the site is only one-tenth the original space after being confiscated by the government in 1877.

Sensō-ji is Tokyo's oldest temple, dating back to 645 CE, located in Asakusa. Legend has it that two fishermen found a statue of Kannon in the nearby Sumida River in 628. After showing it to the chief of their village, he remodeled his own home into a small temple to enshrine the statue for city-wide worshipping.

The Kinkaku-Ji

It would be hard to find a more stunning temple than The Kinkaku-Ji. With its gold-leaf facade and reflecting pool location, this temple has found its way on to many a traveler's Instagram accounts. Fun fact: the temple's grounds were built to illustrate the "harmony between heaven and Earth" through various landscaping placements and other design details.

Daigo-ji Temple

Daigo-ji is made up of three different structures: Sambo-in, Shimo-Daigo (Lower Daigo), and Kami-Daigo (Upper Daigo). The third section is location at the top of the area's mountain, only accessible by strenuous hike—you'll find far less tourists here than the other two sections.

Nanzen-ji Temples

After being built in 1291, the Nanzenji Temple was destroyed by fires three separate times before most recently being rebuilt in 1597. The site is actually a complex housing between nine and 12 temples throughout its lifespan.

Buddhism in Japan – Brief History and Best Buddhist Temples to Visit

Together with Japan’s indigenous religion Shintoism, Buddhism is strongly embedded in the Japanese culture and mind. Despite the majority of the Japanese people not considering themselves to be Buddhist, or belonging to any particular religion at all, the two religions are strongly reflected in the daily lives of Japanese people. Temples and shrines are located everywhere, between the skyscrapers of the city of Tokyo as well as on the top of remote mountains. 

When travelling to other countries that you have never been to before, exploring the local culture and religion will help you to understand the country better. It will be easier to enjoy your time better by knowing the stories behind some of the famous places and popular customs. Learning about Japanese Buddhism and its history will enable you to get ready for your next trip to Japan. Here is a brief history of Japanese Buddhism, it’s customs and the best Buddhist temples around Japan!    

1. Brief history of Buddhism in Japan

2. buddhism in japan present day, 1. sensoji temple (asakusa, tokyo), 2. kiyomizudera (kyoto), 3. kotoku-in (kamakura), 4. todai-ji (nara), 5. koyasan (wakayama), japan wonder travel tours , other articles you might like.

Buddhism, widely known as one of the largest religions in the world, originated in India between the 6 th through 4 th centuries BC. According to historic records it was introduced to Japan around the 6 th century. At that time, the indigenous religion in Japan Shinto, was widely accepted nationwide. Some people saw the arrival of Buddhism as a threat, and tried to exclude its influence. This confusing situation resulted in domestic conflicts between those who support Buddhism and people who were against it. 

Empress Suiko, the first woman emperor in Japanese history formally enthroned in 592. She promoted the expansion of Buddhism across Japan with support from Prince Shotoku, a legendary politician who is often referred to as the founder of Japanese Buddhism. Prince Shotoku had a significant contribution to the spread of the influence of Buddhism around the country. He established a number of Buddhist temples across Japan, including Horyuji temple in Nara and Shitennnoji Temple in Osaka (pictured below). These temples are visited by numerous tourists from around the world as some of the most popular Buddhist temples today in Japan. 

In the Nara period (710-794), Shinto and Buddhism got infused with one another, which formed a unique religious concept known as Shinbutsu-shugo . This coexistence resulted in establishments of Buddhist temples with Shinto shrines and Shinto shrines with Buddhist temples. Even today, you can find the influence of the religious mixture at some shrines or temples in Japan. Several schools of Buddhism have existed from ancient times up to the present and multiple of these division were introduced in Japan. In the heydays of the spread of Buddhism, many temple-shrines and shrine-temples were constructed. Shintoism and Buddhism co-existed for over 1,000 years, until they finally got separated under the order of the Meiji government in 1868. During the Meiji Period, most temple-shrines were destroyed to help spread Shinto beliefs . 

Suggested reading

• Shinbutsu-Shugo: The Mix of Shintoism and Buddhism in Japan
• What is Shinto? Finding the Japanese Religion in Everyday Life  

Research shows that nearly 50% of Japanese population today is considered to practice Buddhism. However, Japanese people are not religious compared to other countries, and they generally don’t perform religious rituals or participate in religious events frequently. It means that if you travel to Japan, you will probably not easily spot the presence of Buddhism in everyday life except on special occasions such as funerals which are considered a Buddhist ritual. 

One of the best ways to experience Japanese Buddhism is probably to visit historic temples. It will enable you not only to deepen your understanding of Buddhism, but also to appreciate the amazing architectural highlights , some of which have survived for centuries. Some of these temples are part of popular pilgrimage trails like Kumano Kodo Trail and the Shikoku 88 Temples Pilgrimage , both strongly linked to the monk Kukai, also known as  Kobo Daishi , who founded the school of Shingon Buddhism.

Another way to experience Japanese Buddhism is joining a meditation session. There are several ways to have a meditation experience either at the temple or even online. Getting rid of your thoughts and emptying your mind is a very important part of Buddhism practice. It seems difficult at first, but it’s a good way to let go of your stress and any pressure at the quiet temple with a scent of incense burning.

• Zen meditation at a temple in Kyoto
• Meditation with a Japanese Buddhist Monk (Online)

3. Buddhist Temples that you should visit in Japan

Temples are the places of worship for Buddhism and almost every village in Japan has a temple of some size. It is estimated that there are about 75.000 Buddhist temples in Japan. The difference between a Buddhist temple and Shinto shrines are easy to spot. The first difference in is the name; the Japanese word for temple is tera and the kanji used for tera (寺) can be pronounced as ~tera or ~ji or in some rare cases as ~in. Let us introduce some of the most beautiful Buddhist temples that you can’t miss on your trip to Japan

Sensoji Temple (浅草寺) is a world-famous tourist attraction which is widely recognized as the oldest Buddhist temple in Tokyo. The temple with the huge red lantern boasts a long history which dates back to 628 and is nestled in the heart of Asakusa. Asakusa is a historic area full of interesting tourist spots and offers a range of experiences. Enjoy shopping at Nakamise street, the lively shopping street lining up to the temple, packed with small stalls selling memorable souvenirs and traditional Japanese sweets. Take memorable pictures with the Kaminarimon ‘thunder gate’ and giant red lantern standing at the entrance of the temple. Tokyo Skytree is also easily accessible by train or foot.

One of the absolute highlights of Kyoto is the breathtaking Kiyomizudera (清水寺). This temple offers a panoramic view of Kyoto and is definitely a must-visit when in Kyoto. Since its establishment in 778, it has been loved and visited by numerous people as one the most popular tourist spots in Kyoto. Since 1994, it has been formally listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other cultural sites in Kyoto. Walking around the beautiful temple complex will allow you to encounter the stunning beauty of historic structures and surrounding nature. It is also one of the best places in autumn when the leaves turn red and create a stunning view. 

Kamakura was Japan’s capital  from 1185 to 1333 and is home to a great number of historic temples and shrines. Kotoku-in (高徳院)  is a Buddhist temple which is widely renowned for the symbolic bronze statue of Buddha known as Kamakura Daibutsu . Completed in 1252, the 11.31m statue is officially counted as one of the three greatest Buddha statues in Japan along with Nara Daibutsu in Todaiji temple and Takaoka Daibutsu in Toyama. Standing outdoors, it welcomes visitors with impressive seasonal changes ranging from beautiful cherry blossoms in Spring to lush greenery in summer! It is also possible to visit the interior of the Great Buddha.

Located in the north of Nara park, Todaiji (東大寺) is one of the most famous Buddhist temples in Japan. It features Great Buddha hall, the world’s largest wooden building which houses Japan’s biggest statue of Buddha completed in 752. The UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of Japan’s most famous buildings due to its construction as the head temple of all provincial Buddhist temples in Japan. Todaiji Museum showcases a large collection of impressive exhibits including national treasures. Head to Nara Park where you can feed the famous cute deer roaming the peaceful park freely!

Koyasan is one of the most sacred destinations in Japan . The temple complex, located a few hours south from Osaka, was founded in 816 by the monk Kukai, who is also known as  Kobo Daishi , as a school of Shingon Buddhism. Generally, Koyasan is seen as one of the most important Buddhist temples of Japan and a popular pilgrimage destination. The temple complex is connected to the  Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage by the Kohechi trail .

Recommended Buddhist Temple Tours:

Japan Wonder Travel is a travel agency that offers guided tours throughout Japan.  From private walking tours to delicious Food and Drink tours, we can help you organize the best tours just for you! If you want to explore Japan and learn more about the history and backstories of each area you are visiting, our knowledgeable and friendly English speaking guides will happily take you to the best spots!  In addition, we can provide you with any assistance you may need for your upcoming trip to Japan, so please feel free to contact us if yu have any questions or need some help! 

▶ Tokyo Tsukiji Fish Market Food and Drink Tour Explore the most lively and popular fish market in Tokyo and try some of the local’s favorite street foods and sake with one of our friendly and knowledgeable English speaking guides! 

▶ Tokyo 1–Day Highlights Private Walking Tour (8 Hours) There’s no better way to explore an area than taking a tour with a knowledgeable local guide. You will have the chance to learn about the history and interesting background stories of Tokyo, as well as discover some hidden gems which can be hard to do without a guide.

▶ Mt. Fuji Day Trip Bus Tour from Tokyo Experience the breathtaking views of Mt. Fuji by visiting the highlights of the area on our guided sightseeing bus tour! Departing from Shinjuku in central Tokyo, you can travel comfortably to all of the best spots in the area by bus.

When we talk about religions, it often refers to strong beliefs which are consistent and not affected by anything for centuries. Buddhism, on the other hand, has changed from time to time, and from country to country since it was first founded in ancient India back in the 6 th century B.C. Japanese Buddhism is not an exception, which has evolved along with the historic turning points and events for more than 1,400 years. If you get a chance to visit any of the temples introduced above, please remember what you learned today and enjoy exploring the historic sites with deeper understanding.

Follow us on  Instagram ,  Facebook  and  Twitter  for more travel inspiration. Or tag us to get featured! 

Happy travelling!

Miho Shimizu is a Japanese freelance writer settled in Shizuoka with her husband and two rabbits. Fascinated with travelling at the age of 18, she has spent most of her long holidays exploring incredible spots around Japan. Also love to listen to music, draw, and read novels over a cup of green tea.

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15 Best Temples in Japan

Divine Sanctuaries: 15 Must-Visit Temples in Japan

Buddhism, alongside Shintoism, is a major aspect that shapes the beautiful culture of Japan that many people around the world have fallen in love with. What better way to get in touch with this part of Japanese culture than to go visit some of these incalculably valuable places that are situated across the country?

Japanese Buddhist temples are quite different from those in India, China, and even South Korea, providing a unique experience even if you’ve visited temples from these other countries.

Join us as we introduce to you our list of the 15 best temples in Japan and explore these hallowed grounds, immersing ourselves in the rich tapestry of Japan’s ancient traditions and sacred wonders. From the bustling streets of Tokyo to the tranquil countryside of Kyoto and beyond, each temple unveils a unique blend of cultural heritage, architectural marvels, and spiritual significance.

Buddhism in Japan

Buddhism in Japan is a profound and influential religious tradition that has deeply shaped the country’s history and cultural identity. Introduced in the 6th century, Buddhism arrived from China and Korea, gradually integrating with indigenous beliefs.

It encompasses a diverse range of Buddhist schools, including Zen, Pure Land, and Nichiren. Buddhism in Japan combines teachings on enlightenment, compassion, and the cycle of rebirth. It has played a crucial role in shaping Japanese arts, philosophy, and societal values, promoting harmony, mindfulness, and the pursuit of inner peace.

Today, Buddhism continues to be a significant spiritual force, with temples and rituals serving as cherished cultural and historical landmarks.

Features of Buddhist Temples

Buddhist temples in Japan possess distinct features that make them intriguing to foreign travelers.

Architecturally, they showcase unique designs with intricate wooden structures, ornate roofs, and exquisite craftsmanship. Unlike some temples in other countries, Japanese temples often blend seamlessly with nature, offering serene gardens and picturesque landscapes. Visitors can witness stunning Buddha statues, ancient relics, and engaging ritual practices.

Japanese temples also stand out for their cultural significance, reflecting Japan’s rich spiritual heritage. People should visit Japanese temples to experience the peaceful and meditative atmosphere, immerse themselves in Japanese culture, and gain insights into the profound philosophy of Buddhism while enjoying the beauty of the temple surroundings.

1. Hiraizumi Chusonji Temple (Iwate)

The main hall, Konjikido, is a remarkable golden structure adorned with intricate details. It houses valuable Buddhist relics and treasures, providing a glimpse into Japan’s ancient past. Chusonji Temple’s popularity stems from its preservation of Japan’s medieval history and its ability to transport visitors to a bygone era.

Information

2. Yamadera Temple (Yamagata)

Risshakuji Temple (宝珠山立石寺), more commonly known as Yamadera Temple (山寺) , is a captivating destination that lures international travelers seeking spiritual enlightenment and natural beauty. Located in Yamagata prefecture, this centuries-old Buddhist temple is perched atop a mountainside, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and forests.

Visitors ascend a steep stone staircase, passing through lush greenery and cascading waterfalls, to reach the temple’s main hall. The tranquil atmosphere, awe-inspiring scenery, and the temple’s deep historical roots make it a popular choice among international visitors.

For more information about this temple, check out the following article.

Tokyo and Kanto

3. sensoji temple (tokyo).

Upon entering through the majestic Kaminarimon Gate, visitors are greeted by Nakamise , a bustling shopping street brimming with traditional souvenirs and delectable snacks. The temple’s main hall, dedicated to the Bodhisattva Kannon, is a sight to behold with its intricate architecture and spiritual ambiance. Sensoji Temple’s popularity among international visitors lies in its ability to provide an authentic Japanese cultural experience, combining spirituality, traditional craftsmanship, and the charm of old-world Tokyo.

For more information about this temple, check out the following articles.

4. Zojoji Temple (Tokyo)

The temple’s striking entrance gate, Sangedatsumon, and the impressive main hall, Daiden, leave visitors in awe of their grandeur and architectural beauty. Zojoji Temple is also famous for its stunning view of the Tokyo Tower, creating a picturesque backdrop for memorable photos.

5. Gotokuji Temple (Tokyo)

This historic Buddhist temple is renowned for its association with Maneki-neko, the beckoning cat figurine believed to bring luck and prosperity. The temple grounds are adorned with countless ceramic cat statues, creating a whimsical and enchanting atmosphere. Visitors can explore the serene gardens and pay their respects at the main hall, which houses sacred relics.

6. Hasedera Temple (Kanagawa)

Its main attraction is the towering wooden statue of Kannon, the Goddess of Mercy, which stands at an impressive height of 9.18 meters. The temple’s lush gardens, adorned with vibrant flowers and serene ponds, provide a peaceful retreat for contemplation and reflection.

7. Naritasan Shinshoji Temple (Chiba)

The highlight is the Main Hall, housing a magnificent statue of Fudo Myoo, a revered Buddhist deity. Since it is located in Narita, this can be potentially the first (or last) temple you visit in Japan. Either way, it is located in a very accessible place.

Central Japan

8. zenkoji temple (nagano).

The temple’s main hall, although hidden from view, offers a profound spiritual experience to visitors who partake in the symbolic journey of touching the “Key to Paradise.” The roof of the main hall was just repaired in 2022, so you will be seeing the new version of this majestic historical building.

9. Daihonzan Eiheiji Temple (Fukui)

Eiheiji Temple’s austere yet picturesque surroundings, with its tranquil gardens and traditional architecture, provide an authentic experience of Zen practice. It offers a truly transformative and enriching experience for spiritual seekers.

Kyoto and Western Japan

10. kiyomizudera temple (kyoto).

Perched on a hillside, the temple offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding city and cherry blossom-filled gardens. Its main hall, supported by wooden pillars, stands without the use of nails, a marvel of traditional architecture. Kiyomizudera Temple is renowned for its Otawa Waterfall, where visitors can drink from three streams believed to grant health, longevity, and success in studies. International visitors flock to this temple for its picturesque setting, cultural heritage, and the enchanting experience of walking the famous wooden terrace, offering a sense of spiritual serenity and connection to Japan’s rich history.

11. Kinkakuji Temple (Kyoto)

The top two floors of the temple are adorned with gold leaf, shimmering beautifully against the backdrop of a tranquil pond and meticulously manicured gardens. Kinkakuji Temple’s popularity among international visitors lies in its striking beauty, symbolizing harmony between nature and human creation.

12. Tenryuji Temple (Kyoto)

As a UNESCO World Heritage site, it boasts a stunning garden that perfectly embodies the concept of “borrowed scenery,” seamlessly integrating with the Arashiyama Bamboo Grove. The temple’s main hall, a designated national treasure, offers a glimpse into Japan’s architectural elegance.

13. Todaiji Temple (Nara)

Stepping inside, visitors are immersed in a sense of wonder as they encounter the towering figure. Todaiji Temple’s popularity among international visitors lies in its historical importance, magnificent craftsmanship, and the opportunity to witness the spiritual and artistic achievements of ancient Japan. The temple’s serene park setting, which is also home to friendly roaming deer, adds to its appeal, creating an unforgettable experience of Japan’s cultural heritage.

14. Nachisan Seigantoji Temple (Wakayama)

The temple’s elegant pagoda (Sanjuto Pagoda) adds to the picturesque landscape. It provides a serene retreat where travelers can experience the harmony between Buddhism and nature, immersing themselves in the tranquility and magnificence of Japan’s spiritual traditions.

For more information about the Nachi Falls right next to the temple, check out the following article.

15. Nanzoin Temple (Fukuoka)

Nanzoin Temple’s popularity among visitors lies in its unique cultural and spiritual significance. It offers a peaceful sanctuary where visitors can admire the majestic statue, explore the temple grounds, and experience a sense of tranquility and reverence.

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Born and raised in Costa Rica, I started living in Tokyo from college. I love traveling within Japan & around the world. Since I wasn’t born in Japan, I know the cultural impact that you can get when visiting Japan for the first time and what you might be worried about before your trip. And I’ve lived long enough to somewhat understand the nuances of the Japanese culture that make this country such an attractive place to visit. Hopefully I can provide to you both the information you’re looking for and the information you didn’t know you needed to know.

15 shrines and temples to visit in Japan

Stepped in heritage, thousands of shrines and temples dotted around Japan and here are 15 of the best shrines and temples to visit

Shintoism and Buddhism are the two main religions in Japan and accordingly, shrines and temples are an integral part of Japan’s cultural tapestry. You’ll find these places of worship hidden in forests, sandwiched between office towers on busy streets or clinging to mountaintops. Visiting them can be a spiritual experience, a chance to gain insight into Japanese traditions and history, or simply enjoy a serene escape from the frenetic pace of city life.

Wash your hands and rinse your mouth before visiting a shrine or a temple Shutterstock

Similar etiquette applies to Buddhist temples, which usually have the word ‘ji’ or ‘dera’ added to the name. Buddhist monks live and train in temples, and many of them also teach Zazen (seated meditation) to the public.

With thousands of temples and shrines dotted around Japan and most extend a warm welcome to visitors, here is where to begin exploring.

1. Meiji Jingu, Tokyo

Tucked away in a dense forest between Shinjuku and Shibuya, two of Tokyo’s busiest districts, Meiji Jingu commemorates the virtue of Emperor Meiji who modernised Japan during his reign (1867-1912) while preserving the unique cultural and historical roots.

Nikkusai, a Shinto ritual of peace and good fortune, is held every day at 8am and 2pm. The well-tended Iris Garden within the compound also offers a delightful experience; the best blooms are from late May to mid-June. If you’re visiting in late autumn, the Gingko Avenue (Icho Namiki) is a prime leaf-viewing territory.

2. Sensō-ji, Tokyo

Tokyo’s oldest Buddhist temple was founded in 645 to honour Kannon, the goddess of mercy. Legend has it that two brothers found a statue of the goddess floating in the Sumida River. Every time they put the statue back into the river it returned to them, inspiring the pair to build Senso-ji nearby.

Sensō-ji, Tokyo Shutterstock

3. Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto

Get ready to light up your Instagram with images of Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), one of the most photographed sites in Japan. Perched on the wooded banks of a pond in northern Kyoto, Kinkaku-ji was once the retirement villa of 13th-century shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu but is now a Buddhist temple.

Its top two storeys are completely covered in gold leaf and each floor takes inspiration from a different style of Japanese architecture. Admire the Shinden style traditionally used for palace building on the first floor, soak up the atmosphere of a samurai residence on the second floor and see a Chinese Zen Hall on the third floor capped with a golden phoenix.

Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto Shutterstock

4. Ginkaku-ji, Kyoto

8km (5 miles) east of Kinkaku-ji lies Ginkaku-ji (Silver Pavilion), built by the grandson of Yoshimitsu, the shogun who commissioned Kinkaku-ji. Despite its name, the temple was never covered in silver leaf. Some believe the misnomer was due to the Onin War fought between families of samurais between 1467-1477 and as a result of the war, the grandson didn’t have enough money to cover the building in silver leaf.

Ginkaku-ji, Kyoto Shutterstock

5. Fushimi Inari Taisha, Kyoto

Inari is the Shinto god of rice and with rice being the staple food, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that Japan has about 30,000 Inari shrines. The most famous one is the head shrine Fushimi Inari Taisha in Kyoto.

Fushimi Inari Taisha, Kyoto Shutterstock

6. Kiyomizu-dera, Kyoto

Built on the site of the Otowa waterfall, Kiyomizu-dera translates literally as ‘pure water temple’. Legend has it that the water here has mystical properties and that drinking from one of the waterfall’s three cascades can confer success at school, a fortunate love life and longevity – but you shouldn’t drink from all three streams as it is considered greedy to do so.

Kiyomizu-dera, Kyoto Shutterstock

7. Shitenno-ji, Osaka

For a thrilling trip into Japanese history, pay a visit to this ancient Buddhist temple with its five-storey pagoda and art-packed treasure house. Shitenno-ji is one of the country’s oldest temples. It was founded in 593 by Prince Shōtoku who championed Buddhism in Japan.

The existing buildings are exact reconstructions of the original 6th-century design. Highlights include ascending the inner precinct’s towering pagoda, exploring the Main Hall in which Prince Shotoku is enshrined as a statue of Kannon and discovering the paintings and scriptures on display in the treasure house.

Shitenno-ji, Osaka Shutterstock

8. Todai-ji, Nara

The main hall at Todai-ji was once the largest wooden building in the world. This impressive and historically significant temple also houses one of Japan’s largest Buddha statues – a 15m (49ft) high colossus cast from over 400 tonnes of bronze.

There’s plenty to see and explore in the temple grounds, including models of how the site looked when it was founded in the Nara Period, several museums, some fine Buddhist carvings and serene gardens.

A large Buddha statue at Todai-ji, Nara Shutterstock

9. Horyu-ji, Nara

Most of Japan’s ancient temples have burned down and been rebuilt at least once in their history, but Horyu-ji is a notable exception. Founded by Prince Shotoku, an early proponent of Buddhism in Japan, it shelters the world’s oldest-surviving multi-storey wooden structures and became Japan’s very first UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993. The central gate (Chumon), the main hall and the five-storey pagoda all date back to the Asuka Period (552 to 645), while the main hall houses some of the oldest statues of Buddha in Japan.

There are other cultural treats to unearth here as well, including an impressive art collection in the Gallery of Temple Treasures.

Horyu-ji, Nara Shutterstock

10. Seiganto-ji, Nachisan

Up until the 19th century, Buddhism and Shintoism were often practised simultaneously in Japan. Efforts to establish a Shinto-orientated state during the Meiji restoration led to the enforced separation of the religions, and nowadays only a few temples exist side-by-side with shrines. Seiganto-ji is one of those rare exceptions. Perched photogenically in front of the Nachi Falls, the site is both culturally important and a spectacular place to visit. It’s a key destination on the Kumano Kodo, a UNESCO-listed network of pilgrimage trails that runs through the southern Kansai region.

Seiganto-ji, Nachisan Shutterstock

11. Sanbutsu-ji, Misasa

If you’re planning to visit this temple that clings to a cliff face, don’t forget to pack your hiking boots. Sanbutsu-ji’s main hall is set at the base of Mount Mitoku – but follow the trail that heads steeply up the mountain and you’ll discover a series of stunning subsidiary halls.

Sanbutsu-ji, Misasa Shutterstock

12. Dewa Sanzan Shrines, Tsuruoka

Dewa Sanzan refers to the three sacred mountains that symbolise reincarnation – Haguro-san (the past or birth), Gas-san (the present) and Yudono-san (the future or rebirth) – each with a small shrine on or near its summit.

These mountains are the primary hub for seekers of enlightenment who come here to partake in Yamabushido or mountain worship. The concept of Yamabushido blends activities like walking in the forests, having simple meals, meditating beneath one of the waterfalls into a self-discovery journey.

The five-storey pagoda on the way to the shrine atop Haguro-san Shutterstock

13. Itsukushima Shrine, Miyajima

Located off the coast of Hiroshima, Miyajima, meaning Shrine Island, is firmly on the radar of many highbrow tourists. The most famous sight on Miyajima is Itsukushima Shrine and its iconic ‘floating’ Torii gate. Actually the gate is firmly constructed in a small inlet but during high tide, rising water level covers the land surrounding the gate and makes it look like it is floating in the sea.

The 'floating' Torri gate, Miyajima, Japan Shutterstock

14. Daishō-in, Miyajima

A five-minute walk south of Itsukushima Shrine lies Daishō-in, an ancient temple nestled on the slopes of Mount Misen. Daishō-in is a holy site of Shingon Buddhism and the temple houses a statue of the sect’s founder Kobo Daishi, who was said to practise Buddhism on the island.

Adorable statues in Daishō-in, Miyajima Shutterstock

15. Arakura Sengen Shrine, Fujiyoshida

Quite frankly, most people skip the shrine and head straight to the five-storey Chureito Pagoda to bag a shot with the pagoda in the foreground and Mount Fuji in the distance. Variations of this classic shot have graced countless magazine covers and travel brochures. The site continues to attract avid photographers, particularly during the cherry blossom season.

Chureito Pagoda with Mt Fuji in the distance Shutterstock

Before you go, check out the Japan travel guide .

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Visiting the 15 Most Beautiful Temples and Shrines in Japan + Etiquette and FAQs!

There’s always that one thing in your next destination that you’re holding out the most hope for—in Japan, it was the temples and shrines for me. I was expecting impressive sites where one step inside and I’d be blown away by the beauty and humbled by the tradition sending shivers right down to my bones… And boy was I disappointed! But there’s a simple fix: Expect nothing from the shrine and temple interiors, and everything from the exteriors. There, expectations fixed.  

Japanese temples are spectacular on the outside . But, have no fear, there were fantastic exceptions too, where the inside was where the action was— you just need to know where to look , and it also helps to come educated to really grasp the meaning of these places.

So, in this article, I’ll give you my honest opinions and firsthand experiences at 15 of Japan’s most famous temples and shrines so you know what I know and you can go into your trip with adequate expectations. I’ll also add some FAQs so you know how to act at Japan’s sacred sites and can identify what the heck you’re looking at (and why you are ringing that bell).

What’s the difference between a temple and shrine?

To give you a better idea of the gates  

The most important difference between a Japanese shrine and temple is the religion they serve: temples are Buddhist and shrines are Shinto (Japan's indigenous religion). And whether or not they have that cool gate at the entrance.

A shrine’s entrance is marked by that famous Japanese gate you see all over Instagram— the torii . It’s meant to mark the border between the secular world and the sacred world. And sacred it is—in Shinto, there’s a divine spirit, called a kami , in everything—nature, people, even the weather! There’s supposed to be like 8 million of them, which, in Japan, amounts to infinity. Shrine grounds are usually simpler than temple grounds with less other structures.

A temple’s gate is much more massive than a shrine’s torii, looking like a building without walls, and is called a sanmon . There are also usually more buildings on the grounds than at a shrine, like the monks’ quarters and a pagoda or five. Temple procedures are less strict and elaborate than a shrine’s.

Shrine and temple etiquette and rules

Japan is full of etiquette rules—be respectful and follow them  

Japan’s big on following rules and societal expectations , and even though they won’t show any negative emotions or cause any sort of scene in order to “protect the harmony”, despite how much of a tourist dimwit you’re being, one can only guess they’re judging your bad temple etiquette on the inside and probably feeling mortified for you.

While I assume you’d always behave somewhat well at a sacred place, here are a few specific shrine and temple etiquette tips for you so you go prepared and don’t offend an entire country and both of its main religions:

• Dress conservatively . There’s no official dress code, so this one’s on you and your consideration. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a Japanese knee or shoulder at temples or shrines, so I’ll just leave you with that. But you’ll notice from our photos that we brought quite a few Czech knees into Japanese temples and didn’t feel one bit out of place.
• Take off your shoes. Not all temples and shrines require this, but it’ll be pretty obvious by the shoe rack at the front. When in doubt, look around and do what the locals do. Wear good socks (or have ‘temple socks’ in your bag to avoid lifelong shame)!
• Be calm and quiet . If you’ve been in Japan for a while, you’ll automatically start to speak quieter. Being loud and rowdy is a big no-no in Japan, so it just happens naturally.
• Look out for ‘no photography’ signs inside many shrines and temples. You’re fine taking pics outside. When in doubt, ask—don’t just stick your iPhone in a monk’s face. Not that that’s ever ok.
• It’s frowned upon to enter sacred sites when you’re sick or injured . The deities want nothing to do with your impurities.

Rules for entering a shrine in Japan

Now that you’ve put on your best pair of socks and turned down the volume, here’s how to enter a Japanese shrine:

• Walk to the side of a torii at a shrine . Unless you’re a god, you’re not supposed to walk through the middle of it, but rather a bit to the side (you can still go through the gate). You’re supposed to bow once before going through.
• Next stop: the purification pavilion . Use the ladle to get 1 scoop of water. Poor it over your left hand, right hand, and then scoop some (using your hand, not the ladle!) into your mouth and spit on the ground. Make sure none of the water that you’ve scooped up goes back into the fountain. Nobody needs to be washing their sins away with your cooties.
• At the outside alter, throw a coin into the offering box . Bonus points if it’s a 5-yen coin, because the Japanese pronunciation of “5 yen” is 'goen' which also means “good luck” or “good relationship”. Wishful thinking of sorts.
• You can ring the bell to announce yourself to the kami. See, it’s rude to visit unannounced even in sacred lands.
• If you’re really looking to get extra brownie points with the kami , do the traditional “two bows, two claps, one bow” and then head inside.

How to enter a temple in Japan

There seem to be less hoops to jump through if you’re visiting the Buddhist temples in Japan. Basically, if you aren’t half naked and act in a reserved manner, Buddha will be happy with you.

• Go through the sanmon gate . No special rule there.
• If there’s a purification station , stop by and wash your hands and mouth just like you would at a shrine. If not, go in dirty.
• Take off your shoes and leave them at the entrance. We saw people that were wearing sandals put on socks from their bag, but I don’t think going in barefoot would be terrible either.
• Throw some coins into the offering box. No preference for 5 yen coins here.
• Buy and burn incense (voluntary). It’s important to put out the flame on the incense by fanning it with your hand and not blowing it out with your mouth. If there’s a part of your body that’s causing you trouble, you can direct the incense smoke to it and hope that helps. If you smoke your head, you’ll be thinking clearly in no time!

My top 15 list of the most beautiful temples and shrines in Japan

We've been to a lot of temples in Japan, and we're happy to tell you which ones are the best. Here at Zenkō-ji  

Alright, now that you know how to enter, let’s talk about where to enter. Here are the most famous Buddhist temples and Shinto holy sites in Japan that I think are worth a visit, in order from my most favorite to least favorite (but still worth going). With a total of over 80,000 shrines and as many temples in the country, the 15 most beautiful ones on my list are obviously going to be worthy of your time—they beat out a lot of competition!

You’ll notice that Kyoto is temple central . With 2000 temples and shrines, choosing which ones to visit is quite the task… or was. Before you found my article.

Note on tickets: At many of these temples, you only pay the entrance fee when entering the main building or a specific area. So, don’t be alarmed if you’re going through the gates and can’t find the ticket desk. You’ll know when it’s time to pay.

1. Togakushi Shrines (Nagano) 

Me on my pilgrimage to the Togakushi shrines  

Let’s start with a shrine combo located a 30-minute drive northeast of Nagano. It’s a total of 5 shrines (with 3 main ones) on the Togakushi mountain, and you can visit them all by hiking a beautiful 5 km (3 mi) trail (with lots of stairs). My heart jumped with joy! I’d go as far as call it one of the most beautiful places in Japan . It’s not just shrines, but the hike, a lake, a ninja museum, and the wonderful nature that makes Togakushi a must-visit.

Further reading: Nagano itinerary | Nagano best places to see (I loved Nagano!)

To add to my glee, there’s an abundance of interesting restaurants in the area. Hey, a traveler’s gotta eat, especially if they’re a foodie like me (get the juicy details in my Japanese Food Guide)!

This place will keep anybody happy for a full day .

The shrines at Togakushi are on 3 levels of the mountain trail, and have to do with a story in Japanese mythology.

Mythology explanation: The Sun Goddess Amaterasu was ashamed of her brother’s behavior and hid in a cave (sheesh, even the gods can’t escape Japanese shame culture !). Darkness ensued, so other deities lured her out again with a dance performance. Once she was out, one of the deities grabbed the cave door and threw it away so the Sun Goddess couldn’t shut herself in the cave again.

Each shrine is dedicated to a deity from the Sun Goddess story, and Togakushi Mountain is the stone door from the Goddess’ cave. Togakushi literally means ‘hiding door’.

Hiking the Togakushi 5 shrine trail

On our way to Ninja Museum through beautiful Togakushi trail  

It’s about 5 km (3 mi) of paths and many staircases between each of the 3 levels where the shrines are : Hokosha and Hinomikosha (lower shrines), Chusha (middle shrine), Kuzuryusha and Okusha (upper shrines). Hinomikosha and Kuzuryusha are smaller shrines, the others are the main ones.

We used the parking areas on the approach to the upper shrine, Okusha. Straight out of the car you’re walking about 40 minutes through a gorgeous forest of giant cedar trees until you get to Zuishinmon gate. Not to mention the great weather

We headed into the Ninja Museum and Folk Museum , which was quite interesting despite the limited English signage. You learn about rural life, there’s a cool silk exhibit, and one part looked like an uncomfortable shoe collection. The most fun that my girlfriend couldn’t stop talking about was getting through all the tricks and traps in the Ninja Fun House. She kept reliving our quest to get through the roughly 30-minute-long endeavor for the entire rest of our Japan trip! Once you manage to get out, the views to the surrounding mountains are gorgeous! There’s also an area where you can throw shurikens aka ninja stars.

I’ve had fun in the Ninja Museum!  

A side trail from the upper shrine (that then re-connects to roughly the middle of the main trail) leads you to Kagamiike Lake . The scenery at the lake very roughly reminded me of views in Thailand and Vietnam. You can easily spend 2 hours just on this hike, though we spent even longer—the internet in hyperconnected Japan hasn’t quite reached these further stretches of nature, and we got lost a few times. No stress though, the forest is very nice! It doesn’t help that all the signs are solely in Japanese—this is your friendly reminder to download Google Translate before heading out.

Kagamiike Lake and the trail to it was wonderful, though we didn’t quite get clear skies and the “mirror lake” effect  

• You’ll want to allow around 3 hours for the 5 shrines hike. Add 1.5 hours more for the Ninja and Folk Museums and 2 hours for the lake.
• Museum tickets : JPY 650. There’s no entrance fee for the trail .

2. Tōdai-ji (Nara)

Great Eastern Temple  

Nara’s Tōdai-ji, or “Great Eastern Temple”, is one of the most historically important temples in all of Japan. It was originally built in 752 when Nara was the imperial capital, and every Japanese citizen paid for it by being taxed (sometimes to the extreme).

Further reading: Nara itinerary—The perfect day trip from Kyoto

The most famous building on Tōdai-ji’s very large grounds is the very large, wooden temple called Daibutsuden (Big Buddha Hall). Until the end of the 20 th century, Daibutsuden was the largest wooden building in the world , so you can imagine that it’s no dainty shack. It had to be rebuilt, saved, and reconstructed several times due to wars. Nowadays, it’s little more than half the size of the original , and that’s mainly because the ginormous amount of cedar wood needed to build it. Despite clearing entire forests, traveling hundreds of kilometers and building over 100 river dams, there just wasn’t enough wood they could get for this huge building . Can you imagine that?!

Honestly, it blew me away by just how massive it is . It feels way more colossal than Europe’s cathedrals. Daibutsuden is roughly 50 m (180 ft) long, wide, and tall.

There’s also the spectacular entrance gate to Tōdai-ji  where you’ll meet many very cute deer wandering around from Nara Park. The guardian statues at the temple are anything but cute , they’re seriously monsters and you wouldn’t want to anger them.

You can get a free English guide on the spot (human, not paper). The Big Buddha Hall houses a huge sitting Buddha—the palm of his hand is the size of a human. And his nostrils are apparently the way to nirvana . You can try to make the journey yourself by attempting to squeeze yourself (or maybe your very small child) through the hole on the pilar close to the Buddha which is the same size as his nostril. Good luck and don’t get stuck.

I was surprised by the lack of monkeys at Tōdai-ji… maybe the deer ate them all?

• Allow at least 1 hour for your visit
• Temple tickets : JPY 600

3. Kinkakuji (Kyoto) 

Everything about this picture is beautiful...the temple, lake scenery, tickets, and my girlfriend  

And rounding off the top 3 temples in Japan is Kinkakuji (Golden Pavilion)—a former shogun’s retirement villa who’s top two floors are completely covered in gold leaf , making it quite a striking beauty on a lake. They have the details down at this place—I even kept our tickets for the first time ever! They are very nice.

I’d rank the Kinkakuji as one of the top 3 buildings in Japan, though it’s quite small, but the gold and the lake scenery makes it truly beautiful .

Hotel tip: KAYA Kyoto Nijo Castle (I can’t get behind the classic Asian breakfasts, but this hotel has such epic rooms that it totally won me over.)

Kinkakuji has 3 floors , each in a different architectural style: the 1 st floor is built in the Shinden style of palaces during the Heian period, the 2 nd floor is gives samurai home vibes in Bukke style, and the 3 rd floor is that of Chinese Zen style, with gold inside and out and has a golden Pheonix on top. You’ll need to be content with getting a good view of the pavilion from across the lake, because entrance is forbidden.

Being such a small place means you only need an hour or so to see it at a leisurely pace . There was a ton of people there when we visited, to the point where every single tourist from Europe and the US annoyed the heck out of me. Can you not give me 3 seconds to take a photo without butting into the frame?? The Japanese locals were respectful as always and had no trouble at all letting everyone get their pics in peace, but sheesh, those westerners got an earful from me! The good thing is that at least everyone has to keep moving in one direction .

You then go on through the gardens and a teahouse where you can rest a bit under the red maple trees.

Also! It’s the first place I visited in Japan where garbage cans are readily available! It felt… luxurious!

Kinkakuji is located on the outskirts of Kyoto, about a 20-minute drive from the city center. Not far away are two other temples (for you temple-obsessed travelers, but not for me) and Arashiyama Bamboo Groove. Further reading: The best unique things to see only in Kyoto

• Allow 1 hour for your visit
• Tickets : JPY 500

4. Zenkō-ji (Nagano)

Zenkō-ji temple  

Zenko-ji is the reason Nagano even exists. Some Japanese cities were built around harbors, some around castles, and other around temples. Nagano evolved around Zenko-ji. It was founded in 642 and houses one important, top-secret item: what may be the first Buddhist statue ever to be brought into Japan . The statue is so special that nobody’s ever seen it… I’m not even kidding. The thing has been hidden away since they found it and built a temple for it due to the temple’s secrecy commandment. Somehow though, there is a replica of it that gets shown every 6 years to crowds of pilgrims and tourists alike. Your next chance is in 2028 .

As with most temples, there are many buildings on the grounds, including the Zenko-ji History Museum. The Main Hall at Zenko-ji has one peculiar addition to the many, many Buddha statues inside it—an underground passage where people walk in complete darkness trying to touch the “key to paradise” that hangs on one of the walls. If any of my readers manage to touch it, let me know if the promise of salvation works out for you so I know if I need to go back.

There are two gates: Nioman Gate in the south at the beginning of the approach to Zenko-ji, and Sanmon Gate right near the Main Hall. You can climb Sanmon and get nice views of the temple grounds and the long path towards it.

• Allow 1–2 hours for your visit (depending if you go into the museum or not)
• Tickets : JPY 500 + JPY 600 for Main Hall

5. Kyomizu-dera (Kyoto)

Kyomizu-dera—the place dedicated to the magic of love!  

If you need help in any stage of love, Kyomizu-dera is the temple for you. But more on that later. It is dedicated to Buddhist and Shinto deities , so if there’s any place where the magic of love could work out, it’s here! It’s also one of the places that I have almost no recollection of the interiors; the exteriors, scenery, and all the fun love stuff are the main attractions for sure. In hindsight, this was one of my favorite temples in Japan , but since I visited it in the beginning of our trip, I didn’t appreciate it quite enough.

This place was PACKED in the summer (think B.O. and sweaty body parts very close to you), so come here prepared to share the (admittedly large) space.

Kyomizu-dera is probably most known for the large wooden terrace of the main hall that gives you views over the nice, forested area and Kytoto down in the not-so-far distance. You’re literally just a 10-minute walk from the city’s busy lanes lined with souvenir shops (there’ parking there, too). Though, Sannenzaka Path is pretty scenic and so quintessentially Japanese.   

Further reading: The best thing to see only in Kyoto

Otowa Waterfall is the reason the temple is built here—hence the name "Pure Water Temple"—, and you, too, can catch some of the water from the falls and drink to one of three wishes that you hope will come true: a long life, success in education, or finding love . Just line up (we waited only about 10 minutes) and do what the locals do if you want to participate. You’ll notice everyone drinking with from the same ladles, but they go in a little UV sanitizing cubby after each use, so just try to take the one that has been sitting there the longest. Also, you’re not supposed to wish for all 3, because being that greedy is frowned upon. The waterfall is right by the main hall.

I really liked the two gates at Kyomizu-dera, as they’re both bright red and stand very tall. The main gate, Niomon , is the first spot where you’ll be above the surrounding buildings, so it’s bound to be the spot for photos, meaning there’s always a human traffic jam there. The west gate, Saimon , leads to paradise, so don’t walk through it before you’ve seen the rest of the temple grounds! Just kidding.

Kyomizu-dera from different angles  

When you’re standing on the main hall’s terrace, don’t forget to look around and realize that the whole building is built without nails . That’s some impressive architecture right there.

Behind the main hall is a smaller shrine dedicated to love and matchmaking, and in front of it, two “love stones” . If you can walk between them with your eyes closed, you’ll be meeting your love very soon. Not sure what happens if you’re already there with a love, but hey, the more the merrier!

Closeby is Zuigudo temple where you can wander around in complete darkness reminiscing about the time you spent in your mother’s womb. Strange, I don’t remember bumping into so many people in there…

If you’re in further stages of your love story and you’ve crossed off the womb experience from your list and are ok with it, wander a bit further to the red Koyasunoto Pagoda —it’s dedicated to childbirth (you’ll also get the some different views from these parts).

• Tickets : JPY 400 for the main hall

6. Fushimi Inari Shrine (Kyoto) 

Me, exploring the Fushimi Inari Shrine  

An absolute must-see Shinto holy site and possibly the most photographed shrine in Japan is the Fushimi Inari Taisha— the one with a thousand red torii gates (not that anyone’s ever seen a photo of the actual shrine). To answer the top question: It worth going? Yes. You have to, you simply can’t come to Kyoto and not visit Fushimi Inari. Is it all that you’ve dreamed it to be? Probably not, if you weigh the experience against the massive hype it gets.

Why are there so many torii gates at Fushimi Inari? The shrine is dedicated to rice and commerce, and each of the red torii has been donated by a Japanese business. This way, they’re expressing gratitude to the business gods (and probably hoping to stay on the guy’s good side in the future, too). Any why rice? Duh, this is Japan… and Fushimi Inari is the most important shrine in Japan dedicated to Inari, the rice goddess.

This shrine, or, who are we kidding, the torii gates, attracts thousands of people every day, which is part of the reason that it just isn’t that magical as you think it will be. But I get it, I added to the body count too, after all. The good thing is that it’s open 24/7 , so if you are serious about beating the crowds, you can find an hour of the day where you won’t be there with busloads of other tourists. Just remember to look out for boars and monkeys if you’re visiting in the lonelier hours.

Walks In Fushimi Inari Shrine during hot weather—thank goodness for a bit of shade under the torii gates  

Another thing to realize is that the further up on the trail you go, the less people there will be, because, well, it’s about 4 km (2.4 mi) or 2 hours or walking under torii gates at the base of a mountain. Not everyone is up for that, especially when you realize that the main shrine grounds are before all of the torii madness . There are side trails along the whole thing, with smaller shrines in the forrest, too. Lots of people just give up or get bored after the first 30 minutes when they reach the Yotsutsuji shrine area where there is a viewpoint and some cafes. After that, it’s just you, me, and the other real tough guys walking the rest of the trail! Bliss.

One thing I liked is that many people walk the torii path dressed in kimonos , it adds some extra Japanese flare. Another nice bonus about passing under a thousand gates is the shade they provide, though they are spaced out more the further up you go. On a hot day, a little shade goes a long way!

These lovely ladies wearing kimonos  

I think Fushimi Inari Shrine is unmissable, but don’t expect to get a pic with just you and the gates if you get there after 8 am.

• Around 2–3 hours for the full hike, less if you just stick your head in and go
• Tickets : free entry

7. Sanjusangendo aka Rengeo-in (Kyoto)

The 1001 statues representing Kannon  

There’s a lot going on at Sanjusangendo. First, you’ll notice that the main hall is extra-long—the longest wooden building in Japan at 120 m (394 ft). Even the name commemorates this: Sanjusangendo means “temple of 33 bays” and references the 33 intervals between the building’s support columns. I find it funny that it’s not named something like “the temple of the impressive statues” or “the temple of the really important goddess”, but instead it’s “look at the cool long building we built”.

And then, once inside, impressed by the statues you’ll be! I was. There’s 1001 of them and they’re as tall as a real human and each one is slightly different, so they look like they could start walking around at any given moment, taking over the world. It’s all one “person”, the goddess Kannon. I was taken aback by how grand this statue display felt. It was like I’m intruding on this lady’s personal space (she obviously needs a lot of it).

Who is Thousand Armed Kannon, the main deity of Sanjusangendo? Kannon is the goddess of compassion and mercy. With her 11 heads, she can see the suffering of mankind, and her 1000 hands allow her to multitask and help everyone out. Anyone with a keen eye will quickly figure out that there’s no way she has 1000 arms . It’s not all a lie. She has 42 arms, out of which the regular 2 don’t count (those are her personal arms for things like brushing her teeth and holding her coffee cup), and in Buddhism, there are 25 planes of existence. A little bit of simple math and you’ve got 1000!

Besides Kannon’s 1001 instances you’ll also see her 28 protector statues , and the whole thing is just incredible. The statues are made of cypress and completely covered in gold leaf. Sanjusangendo is one of the few Japanese temples where the interior blew me away .

This is how majestic the loooong Sanjusangendo temple looks from the outside  

There’s also a nice garden and 112 m (367 ft) of Shintoist wishes where my superstitious girlfriend picked up a very VERY large amount of wishes. For me, the collection of bows and other weapons was way more interesting that some scribbles on papers.

Fun samurai fact : Sanjusangendo was built by a samurai for a Japanese emperor (on the emperor’s own land), which seems like a nice thing to do until you learn that for doing so, the samurai got the title of “Chancellor of the Realm”. He was the first samurai to get such a lofty title , and I’m pretty sure he wasn’t surprised by this and actually built the thing for this sole reason (he was a politician). To me, the title sounds like “Guardian of the Galaxy”, so I’m kind of impressed. The emperor’s mausoleum is on the grounds of the temple .

• You need 30 minutes for the visit
• Tickets : JPY 600

8. Tsurugaoka Hachimangu (Kamakura, south of Tokyo)

Tsurugaoka Hachimangu shrine  

Tsurugaoka Hachimangu is dedicated to the samurai god, Hachiman , and you can tell it’s the most important shrine in Kamakura just based on the long, wide approach that slices through the city like a samurai’s sword. It’s fun seeing the torii gates where you’re passing through to sacred land, but at the same time you’re surrounded by very much everything unsacred: gas stations, restaurants, busy intersections, beauty salons. Then, once you reach the grounds, it’s like BAM! Tranquility.

The shrine complex is very busy but very large, so it’s crowded but still manages to feel peaceful .  That’s just the norm in Japan, since the Japanese are so calm and quiet, even a thousand of them are easier to handle than a single stag party from the UK . If it does get a little too much, there are men holding a rope under the staircase, raising it when crowds need to be stopped and lowering it to let more people in, sort of like those traffic lights at tunnels in big cities.

You need to go up a wide stairway to reach the main hall, so it’s the perfect place to look back and get some views of the city. Too bad the little bridge at the grounds’ entrance seems to be permanently closed, but at least you can take a picture of it without a thousand tourists on it. The main hall houses a small museum with swords and masks and other interesting things that a guy like me appreciates.

What I liked the most at Tsurugaoka Hachimangu, maybe besides those swords, were the perfectly upkept grounds with ponds and islands and bridges and fat kois that you can feed . In the spring and winter there’s even a peony garden, and in April and September, you can see horeseback archery on the main approach. Pretty cool stuff, and nice for a wander.

As a bonus, because everyone loves torii s, there are several spots with short torii tunnels . Like a miniature version of Fushimi Inari. Take a wander around the gardens and take a peek at the other smaller shrines and buildings. There’s not a whole lot to do, but a nice place nonetheless.

• You need a maximum of 1 hour for the visit
• Tickets : JPY 200 for the museum, otherwise free

9. Sanbutsuji and Nageiredo shrine (far from everything)

Nageiredo at the top left, Monjudo top right, parts of the path on the bottom  

Sanbatsuji is one place I haven’t been because you really have to go out of your way to see it, and it just wasn’t in the cards this time around. But it needs to be on any “top temples in Japan” list, because, well, look at it! Itis old, hard to reach, unbelievably built onto the mountain, and you can’t see it alone... plus, you’ll leave spiritually cleansed! It may not be the most beautiful shrine, but it definitely has the most adventurous approach ! Here’s what I know about it:

The main highlight is the tiny shrine that’s built onto the side of a mountain —called Nageiredo—,  which you can only see if you go through with the harrowing hike. How harrowing? Well, the monks take it because it promises spiritual cleaning , so you can imagine it’s not easy. Think steep, slippery non-paths, holding on to huge tree roots for dear life, chains and ropes that are actually necessary to clear the slopes, and so on. Then again, they do it in funny-looking sandals that are sold on the spot for those who come in inappropriate footwear, so don’t be deterred if you’re reasonably fit.

Do be deterred if you’re traveling alone, because single travelers aren’t let onto the trail . This is for safety reasons, and they are very strict about this rule. You apparently also aren’t able to buddy-up with a stranger, or at least don’t let on that you are strangers when you do. Remember you are at a shrine, so you’ll also need to be wearing appropriate clothing, plus they’re known to turn people back if they aren’t wearing hiking shoes or willing to buy their funny sandals. The not so monk-y thing is that they ask you to pay the entrance fee and only then do you reach the checkpoint where are the rules are enforced.

Besides Nageiredo, there’s also Monjudo, another “floating” shrine about 30 minutes into the hike. This one is larger and most importantly, has a patio around it that you can go on, taking in the amazing views into the mountains. Keeping with the “adventure” theme, there are no railings , so try not to fall into the beautiful nothingness.

• Allow 2 hours for the hike up and down, more for taking it all in
• Tickets : JPY 1200 is for the hike up to Nageiredo, JPY 400 for the main hall

10. Seiganto-ji (Wakayama Prefecture, south of Nara)

Seiganto-Ji and Nachi Waterfall  

Seigantoji, a charming temple in the Wakayama Prefecture, is part of the sacred Kumano Sanzan complex , and if old walls could talk, these would have tales for days. It's a Buddhist temple, but what's cool is its BFF status with the neighboring Shinto shrine, Kumano Nachi Taisha . Talk about religious harmony!

The temple's claim to fame? Its stunning pagoda perfectly framed by the Nachi Waterfall— Japan's tallest single-drop waterfall . The view seriously is a real-life painting.

If you're up for a mix of history and leg workout, Seigantoji Temple is your go-to! Just remember that getting that waterfall into the frame is basically mandatory. The temple complex is srawling with several buildings, but the most famous is the iconic three-storied red pagoda . You could start at Kumano Nachi-taisha, continue to Seiganto-ji, visit the pagoda, and wrap up at Nachi waterfall for a full experience.

Parking tip : Parking's a breeze at most souvenir shops near the base, but then you’ll need to get your legs ready for a little stair-master rendition. For those not keen on 15 minutes of steep steps, you can pay the steep JPY 800 fee to drive to the neighboring Kumano Nachi Taisha Shrine and park there (watch out for the local deer!). On a scorching summer day, the convenience and heatstroke you save could be worth it.

• Visiting time : Give it 1–2 hours, but it really depends on how many of the 33 shrines and temples in the whole area you’ll be visiting
• Tickets : Free, but up to JPY 800 for parking

11. Senso-ji (Tokyo)

Unfortunately, I only have photos from the day, because at night I was too stunned to take pictures  

Ah, Sensō-ji! This famous temple in Tokyo is like stepping into a carefully landscaped oasis. Sure, there's a fee to get all up close and personal inside the temple, but the real magic happens outside, especially at night . Strolling through Nakamise-dori Street when the sun goes down is an experience in itself.

Hotel tip: Nohga Hotel Akihabara (A little overpriced, but ultimately a great choice based on location and the great restaurant... but no heated toilet seats? What’s that about?)

The temple vibes at night are something else—it's tranquil and feels more, you know, temple-y. Morning's cool too, but brace yourself for tour group stampedes , even if you hit it up at 9 am. It's always buzzing with people, day or night. It’s also open 24/7, so you can choose the hour of your visit based on how many people you want to meet.

You'll see folks in kimonos , taking slow, elegant strolls. Not my jam, but hey, if that's your thing, just remember it'll double your exploration time. I can’t see a reason to walk around slowly pretending to be Japanese, but then again there are a lot of things people do on their trips that I don’t get.

Tip: If you happen to be in Japan in May, you may be able to witness the annual festival of the Asakusa Shrine, which is right next to the main hall.

• Tickets : free with a small fee for the main hall

12. Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen Shrine (Mt. Fuji)

Fujiyoshida Sengen Shrine on the north of Mount Fuji  

Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen Shrine (now also called Fujiyoshida Sengen Shrine) is tucked away at the northern base of Mount Fuji , and it's the kind of spot that's perfect for folks like me who love a bit of tranquility mixed with a heavy dose of history. The shrine has been the go-to start point for pilgrims heading up Mount Fuji for ages. It's not just about the shrine itself; the surrounding forest gives it this mystical, almost other-worldly vibe.

My take? If you're in Hakone and looking for a peaceful spot to reflect, away from the typical tourist buzz, you've got to check this place out. It's not every day you find a spot that's both historically significant and a perfect escape from the hustle. Plus, the ancient cypresses and cedars and moss-covered stone lanterns scattered around just add to the whole experience.

The highlight is the massive red torii gate, standing at 17 m and noted as one of the tallest wooden torii in Japan . Rebuilt every 60 years to maintain its splendor, and made ever so slightly taller each time, the most recent reconstruction was in 2014.

The sacred 1000-year-old cypress on the left and the tallest wooden torii of Japan on the right  

The main shrine building is a majestic sight (once again cooler from the outside than from the inside) and nearby stands the sacred Fuji Tarô Sugi, a 1000-year-old cypress , identifiable by the braided rope around its trunk. It’s one of the original trees that is said to protect the shrine.

The traditional starting point for Mount Fuji hike is right behind Kitaguchi Hongu Fuji Sengen Shrine's main hall. Old-school hikers often begin their journey with a prayer at the shrine and then proceed through the wooden torii gate at the shrine's rear. Nowadays, most people opt to start from the Fuji Subaru Line 5th Station, located halfway up the mountain, cutting the journey by over five hours.

• Tickets : free

Further reading: Fuji Hakone itinerary (there’s a lot more to do than just see Fuji!)

13. Futarasan shrine (Nikko, north of Tokyo)

Futarasan shrine—historical and natural gem  

If you're looking for a place that's equal parts ancient Japanese spirituality and Mother Nature's art gallery, then here you go, because Futarasan shrine is a double whammy of both. It’s pretty and mystical and grounding and I didn’t know I had it in me to feel such things.

Nestled in Nikko, a place so scenic it makes your average desktop wallpaper look bland , Futarasan Shrine is where you get to experience the Japanese knack for blending nature with history.

Hotel tip: Fairfield by Marriott Tochigi Nikko (if you forgive them the horrible coffee, this hotel was one of my absolute favorites)

The first thing I noticed, besides the stunning natural scenery , which we all know I love, is the sheer number of old shrine buildings. The second thing was the little cartoonish-looking statues all over the place. Very cutesy; apparently, they’re deities, and you can throw a few coins into the offering boxes located next to each one.

About 1 km (0.6 mi) south of Futarasan Shrine is a pretty, red bridge called Shinkyo Bridge . It’s still part of the complex—I told you it’s large! Trust me, it's the kind of bridge that makes you want to ponder life's mysteries... or just take more photos.

The Shinkyo Bridge  

You can also further boost your experience by investing a whopping JPY 200 (USD 1.40) to enter the small garden area to the left of the offering hall. It‘s unbelievable, given your surroundings are already oozing zen, but just step inside and you’ll see you can still take it up a notch. It's a small, forested garden with more shrine halls, a spring, and old sacred trees that make you feel like you're in a Miyazaki movie. You can also get a better view of the main hall from there.

In short, Futarasan Shrine is not just a shrine; it’s an experience. You’ll forget all about any interiors you manage to spot, but everything that’s going on outside will more than make up for it. Just remember to bring some change for the deities, watch out for the mystical trees that are supposed to bring you love, and walk out to Shinkyo Bridge. Or don’t, I’m not your mom.

• Allow 2 hours for your visit
• Tickets : free except for the garden that costs JPY 200

14. Chureito Pagoda (Mt. Fuji)

What you hope to see at Chureito Pagoda...

...and what we got... hey, it counts!  

We visited Chureito Pagoda smack in the middle of summer, so we got none of the cherry blossoms of spring or the colors of fall , instead trying not to melt in the sweltering heat, push past the crowds, all the while trying to snap a good selfie AND hold our smiles long enough to get at least the very tip of Fuji into the frame when the clouds slowing floated along. Phew!

You need to go up about 400 stairs to get to Chureito Pagoda, so you’re basically guaranteed a nice sweaty shine on your forehead. It’s also too bad you don’t get the pagoda and Mt. Fuji over one of the 5 lakes—the city just isn’t as cool in the background. On the other hand, I somehow expected Fuji to be smaller than it is, but in reality, it’s a monster !

Why is this place at the end of my list of top temples in Japan? Well, Mt. Fuji is what makes this viewpoint a must-visit . Not the pagoda. I’d come here even if there was no pagoda, but would I come here if there was no Mt. Fuji? Probably not.

It’s a quick stop once you huff and puff up the stairs. Take your photos and head back down again. The parking lot is right under the stairs.

• Allow 30 minutes for your visit

15. Horyu-ji (Nara)

Horyu-ji—birthplace of Buddhism  

Finally, a place where you can contemplate just how much you loved all of Japan’s most beautiful temples and shrines, because—unless you run into way too many school groups—Horyu-ji is a little bit harder to reach from the center of Nara and therefore is blissfully tourist-less.

Horyu-ji's not just another temple on your Japan checklist; it's a journey back to the origins of Japanese culture and the birthplace of Buddhism in Japan . Plus, it houses the world's oldest wooden structure (it’s 2000 years old), so yeah, it's kind of a big deal.

First off, the peace and quiet here is surreal, especially compared to the more crowded spots in Nara and Kyoto. For me, that’s a huge plus, because I’m not exactly known as a people-love. It's like the crowds haven't caught on yet, which is fine by me.

You're literally walking in the footsteps of Prince Shotoku, the guy who not only brought Buddhism from China but also whipped up Japan's first constitution. Talk about multitasking! I’m impressed!

Pro tip : Give the temple a call and ask for a free guide . These folks are volunteers who are super passionate about Japan's history and culture, and I’ve heard they’re really good. We decided to wing it and explore on our own, so I don’t have firsthand experience, but it’s something that could be a good opportunityfor those who are interested. I was just so happy to get away from everyone to ruin the peace by asking a stranger to never leave my side and talk my ear off.

Horyu-ji temple is so underrated!  

The museum collection at Horyu-ji is mind-blowing—we're talking about artifacts and statues dating back to the 6 th century. It's like a crash course in Japanese art history, and I like me some history! But, fair warning, the place seems to be a magnet for school groups. It was a bit much, and I think they should probably figure out a way to regulate the school trip tsunami .

In all, Horyu-ji might not be on every Nara itinerary, but it should be. It's an underrated gem that gives you a real sense of Japan's ancient history without the elbow-to-elbow crowds. Just remember, you're standing in a place where Japan's cultural and spiritual journey took a giant leap forward . No biggie, right?  

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Hakone is a town that you visit mainly to see Mt. Fuji, but did you know that Hakone itself is sitting on a volcano?! In this article are the best things to do in Hakone and around Mt. Fuji, based on my experience:

This article is meant for first-time visitors because I promise you nobody visits a second time! In this article, I’ll give you a step-by-step Tokyo itinerary for 3 days. Then, I’ll answer FAQs about visiting Tokyo. 

Is Tokyo overrated? In my opinion - yes! But we all know you’re still going anyway out of fear of dying of FOMO. If Tokyo calls your name, choose from my list of Tokyo sights based on your personal taste. 

Thoughts? Give us a shout!

Hi! I’m Jan. I live in Prague, Czech Republic. I try to experience the best the world has to offer, and I don’t cease to be impressed. But if I’m not, I’m sure going to tell you! You can count on my full honesty and real opinions here. No bullcrap. I own and run several companies, which gives me great (but not unlimited) freedom to roam the world.  

I was first inspired to start this blog by my own experience of researching for upcoming trips—I often struggle with a lack of good information, accuracy, and authenticity of resources. You wouldn’t believe how many “travel bloggers” don’t even visit the destinations they write about! 

My goal with this blog is to provide you with complex and practical information so that you can plan your own vacation, complete with insights you’d only get if you visited the place. I also put together itineraries that are fully planned out trip guides.

Another aspect that drives this platform is my curiosity about the history, geography, politics, and economy of each country I visit, so I try to include this information in my articles, too. It’s always great to get the bigger picture, right? 

And just to be clear, I am not trying to compete with backpacking blogs or provide hacks for an economical and affordable experience. My vacations follow the standard pattern of traveling by plane, staying in good hotels, and renting a car on the spot to get around. I’m also always up for a fantastic meal, though I don’t shy away from local delicacies and street food, either.  

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10 Most Beautiful Temples In Japan You Should Visit

Japan is enigmatic, it blends cutting-edge technology moving at breakneck speed with centuries-old monuments and traditions. Many newcomers to Japan are often astonished to discover that this very small Asian country, which is one of the world's most sophisticated industrialized nations, also enjoys a rich and interesting history that extends back thousands of years. Japan is a country with thousands of temples dotting its landscape. Japanese Buddhist temples are an excellent place to learn about the culture and history of the nation. Going to a temple in Japan can be a life-changing experience. Visitors can gain an understanding of Japanese culture, traditions, and history that they will not find anywhere else by strolling through the immaculate gardens of a Japanese temple, crossing the threshold where pilgrims and worshipers meet, or giving offerings like the Japanese do. It is a difficult challenge to select the must-see temples in Japan; however, here is a list, in no particular order, of the 10 most beautiful picks of Buddhist temples.

Related: Here Are 10 Of Japan’s Most Beautiful Hotels And Resorts To Book In 2023

Kinkaku-Ji Temple, Kyoto

The Kinkaku-Ji (Golden Pavilion) temple was originally constructed in 1397 . The Golden Pavilion was the name given to the structure because its two levels are covered with gold leaf. It should be noted that visitors are not permitted inside the temple. The temple grounds are open for tourists to explore and take in the architecture. The temple is one of the best things to do in Kyoto , and tourists should not miss visiting its lovely tea garden and gift shop.

• Opening Hours: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM

Senso-ji Temple, Tokyo

Senso-ji, a famous temple in Tokyo, is the oldest temple in the city , and visiting it is a unique experience. The main Kannon shrine is also incredibly ethereal. The Nakamise alley leading to the temple is best of all because it is surrounded by stores selling antique items. When dusk falls, the temple is illuminated, and its exquisite architecture is displayed in all of its beauty.

• Opening Hours: 6:00 AM to 5:00 PM
• Free admission
• Sites to visit: Yogodo Hall, Denboin, a stunning five-story pagoda, Awashimado Hall, Kannondo Hall, and the colorful gardens.

Todai-ji Temple, Nara

In addition to being the best place to visit in Japan for animal lovers , Nara has the largest wooden structure in the world which is the Todai-ji Temple . The enormous statues that were kept within the main complex's wooden hall, which was the largest in the world until 1998 , were all works of art. These include the biggest bronze statue of Vairocana Buddha in the entire globe. Visitors will also find almost a thousand cute deer that roam freely every day.

• Opening Hours: Winter hours are 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM, while summer hours are 7:30 AM to 5:00 PM

Related: A Food Guide To Osaka's Classic Japanese Dishes

Shitennoji Temple, Osaka

Shitenn-Ji is, in principle, a government structure that has undergone a few reconstructions, yet despite this, it continues to look precisely the same as it did in the 500s , making it one of Japan's most well-known temples and the best things to do in Osaka . The grounds of the temple are open for visitors to explore and climb the five-story pagoda. There is an admission charge to the Gokuraku-jodo Garden and temple treasure house, but this little entrance charge is also well worth it to witness the historical and religiously significant items and sculptures.

• Opening Hours: 8:30 AM to 4:00 PM
• Admission charge: Starting at $2.24 (300 YEN)

Daishō-in Temple, Miyajima

At the base of Mount Misen, the sacred peak on Miyajima Island, is a serene forest temple that blends in with the surroundings so well that it is difficult to detect from a distance. Kobo Daishi founded the Daisho-in Temple at the end of the first century . The temple grounds have several rooms that house valuable cultural artifacts, display a range of Buddhist imagery, and are dedicated to many gods. The temple's most liked feature is the 500 unique Rakan statues that line the temple's steps.

• Opening hours: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

Kiyomizudera Temple, Kyoto

This well-known temple in Kyoto is situated right next to the Otowa Waterfall, which is reputed to have healing powers. Visitors can drink from the flowing water here using wooden cups, which are said to offer many advantages, including wealth or good health. The enormous wooden terrace of the temple overlooks the hillside and provides stunning views of the surrounding forest, especially in the spring and fall when cherry blossoms and autumnal colors are in full bloom. Visitors can stroll around the lush gardens, explore the Jishu Shrine, which is reputed to bring good fortune in love or travel to the Koyasu Pagoda, where devotees pray for quick and painless delivery.

• Opening hours: 6:00 AM to 6:00 PM
• Interesting Fact: The temple is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Related: 10 Amazing Kyoto Onsen Ryokans You Should Try

Hasedera Temple, Kamakura

Due to the 30-foot-tall (9.14 meters) wooden figure of Kannon , the Buddhist goddess of Mercy, that is housed inside, the Hasedera Temple is one of the most well-known temples in Japan. Viewing the monument is like being a witness to a real Japanese legend! The temple complex is fairly beautiful and shaded, and it has some buildings that house prayer rooms, garden trails, museums, historical artifacts and literature, and a café.

Enryaku-ji Temple, Kyoto

A large Buddhist monastery called Enryaku-Ji is situated in the highlands east of Kyoto. It is one of the most important Buddhist sites in Japan and belongs to the Tendai branch of Japanese Buddhism. Despite having an architecturally "newer" appearance than some of the other temples on this list, Enryaku-ji is nevertheless a memorable place to visit. Here studied, worshiped, and lived some of the most significant and renowned Buddhist monks and academics. Therefore, it is a definite must-visit for those who are interested in the history of Buddhism or Japanese culture.

• Opening hours: 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM

Related: 10 Iconic Kyoto Tours For An Unforgettable Japanese Cultural Experience

Tenryu-ji Temple, Kyoto

Tenry-ji Temple is a standout feature in Arashiyama, a well-known tourist area in Kyoto. The temple was constructed in 1339 , and its setting, which includes a sizable landscaped garden from the 14th century and mountains covered in forest, couldn't be more picturesque. Many tourists consider luxuriant Tenryu-ji for seeing autumnal foliage or to go cherry blossom viewing . It has lovely strolling routes, a meticulously designed garden that is spacious enough for everyone to enjoy, a central pond, and some big weeping cherry trees.

• Opening hours: 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM

Zenko-ji Temple, Nagano

Nagano City, the main venue for the 1998 Winter Olympics , has always been a temple town. The community first developed around Zenko-ji, a Buddhist temple that is considered to be one of the most significant temples in Japan. The temple houses what is said to be the first Buddhist statue ever transported to Japan . The monument is still off limits to the public, although Zenko-ji Temple has a lot of other intriguing features, such as its shopping street, a small museum, two wooden gates, and a main hall.

• Opening hours: Sunrise to sunset

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GUIDE Overnight stay at a temple Shukubo provide traditional temple lodging and are open to visitors

• Stories & Guides
• Temple Stays—Shukubo

Find your inner peace in a sacred place

Historically, monks traveling great distances would stop and stay in places known as shukubo. After seeing an increasing number of visitors in need of lodging after a long journey, shukubo began to open their doors to regular travelers and visitors. More recently, there are a number of visitors who like to stay at different temples to experience the various styles of shukubo.

Taking a rest is important for one's physical health, but oftentimes our mental health is neglected. Staying in a shukubo gives you a sense of tranquility and allows you to live like a Buddhist monk. Even if it is only for a day, it will give you the chance to absolve yourself from your worldly troubles and stress.

Rooms and meals may vary depending on the temple

Shukubo all tend to be pretty similar, but each one is unique in its own way. Restrooms are generally shared spaces, though some temples do offer suites or rooms with a private bathroom. When booking a shukubo stay, be aware that some temples only accept cash, so it is best to confirm the payment method in advance. Also, the room price typically includes dinner and breakfast. A small yet important detail when staying in a shukubo is to respect the monks and do your best to disturb them as little as possible. They are there to help you and want to give you a wonderful cultural experience, however, please keep in mind that they are also working on their daily training.

Traditional Japanese style rooms and meals

Traditional Japanese rooms usually have a light cotton filled mattress called a futon that you lay out on the tatami mat flooring and sleep on. Tatami is a traditional type of flooring material commonly used in Japan. It is made from rush grass and rice straw and is similar to what you may have seen in some martial arts training gyms.

Temple meals are also unique as they adhere to Buddhist principles and guidelines. Meals at the temple are called Shojin ryori, or Buddhist cuisine. Shojin ryori does not use meat, fish, dairy, or egg products. It is very similar to that of a vegan dish.

Regarding alcohol, each shukubo has its own rules about the consumption of it. Some shukubo will allow you to order alcohol as a medicinal food or drink, while others strictly forbid it.

As always, it is best to check with the shukubo in advance if this is something you think you might be interested in.

During your stay, you will have the chance to relax and clear your mind while soaking up the serene atmosphere of the temple garden and its beautiful surroundings that are meticulously maintained by the monks. A shukubo is the perfect place to let all of your troubles and worries melt away and experience a truly Zen moment.

Participate in the daily routine of a monk

To get the full experience, you will have the option of participating in early morning devotions known as “gongyo.” The type of gongyo offered depends on the Buddhist sect in which the shukubo is associated with. Like other religions, Buddhism is divided into different sects that all have slightly varying beliefs. Some of the more common sects include Pure Land (Jodo)Buddhism, Shingon, and Nichiren Buddhism. Each has a unique way of performing gongyo that may include recitation of different sutras, the use of prayer beads, or clapping. Meditation training is another activity that is often available to visitors.

Booking a shukubo (Available in English)

Booking a shukubo can be done online, and rest assured, there are many English sites available. Here are some shukubo that offer booking options in English.

Booking a shukubo (Available in Japanese)

Here are popular shukubo that can be booked online that are only available in Japanese.

* The information on this page may be subject to change due to COVID-19.

• Story & Guide
• Shukubo Stay

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