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• 05 May, 2023

A Complete Tour Guide to Lumbini – The Birthplace of Gautama Buddha

Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, has always been a place of pilgrimage for people from all across the world. This UNESCO World Heritage site is rich with elements ranging from elaborately curated monasteries bejeweled with ornaments from all across the world to historical inscriptions and ruins of the castle where Buddha grew up; Lumbini is a treasure trove for spiritual healing and a glance into the genesis of Buddhism across Asia.

Given that this historical gem is located in the southern region of Nepal, dominated by flatlands and luscious greenery, what better way to go around Lumbini than in the back of a rickshaw ? But more about this later…

Before we begin, here’s a little back story on Gautama Buddha.

Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, was a spiritual teacher and founder of Buddhism. He was born in the 5th century BCE in what is now Nepal, as the son of the King Śuddhodana. At a young age, he became disillusioned with the materialistic world and left his comfortable life to seek enlightenment.

For six years, Gautama traveled and studied with various spiritual teachers, but none of them could give him the answers he sought. Eventually, he sat down under a Bodhi tree and meditated until he achieved enlightenment. He became the Buddha, meaning “the awakened one.”

For the rest of his life, the Buddha traveled and taught his philosophy, which centered on the Four Noble Truths: the truth of suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering, and the path to the cessation of suffering. He emphasized the importance of living a moral life, cultivating mindfulness and compassion, and letting go of attachment and desire.

The Buddha’s teachings spread throughout India and eventually reached other parts of Asia, becoming one of the world’s major religions. The Buddha passed away around the age of 80, having left a legacy of wisdom and compassion that continues to inspire millions of people around the world to this day.

Lumbini – An Introduction 

A common perception of Nepal is one of the hills and snow-capped mountains. However, Lumbini and its surroundings paint a different picture, one that is characterized by flat grasslands and green spaces. 

Lumbini, which was awarded the UNESCO World Heritage site in 1997, is among the holiest places for Buddhism, one of the World’s great religions. Siddhartha Gautama was born in the sacred gardens in Lumbini in 623 B.C.  

There are a number of structures within the archaeological conservation area, including the Maya Devi Temple remain, consisting of brick structures arranged in cross-walls dating back to the 3rd century BC to the present century, as well as a sandstone Ashoka pillar with Pali inscriptions in Brahmi.

Best time to visit Lumbini

Lumbini lies in the southern part of Nepal , with temperatures that rise to almost 40 degrees Celsius in the summer heat. The perfect time to visit this space and comfortably explore the monasteries would be April to May, October to November, or December to February, with temperatures from 12-28 degrees Celsius. 

Here is a brief run-down of all the things you can do to make the most out of your next trip to the sacred land of the Buddha – Lumbini .

Tour of the monasteries 

Lumbini has over 14 monasteries from countries that have a presence of Buddhism. They brought in raw materials from their own countries, building beautiful structures that each signify their cultures. Some of these stupas date back 2000 years!

The Monastic Site is divided into two sections – the Eastward section and the Western section, by a water canal that is often used by travelers to explore on boats. The eastward section is called the East Monastic Zone, where Theravada Buddhism is prevalent, and the westward zone is called the West Monastic Zone, where Vajrayana and Mahayana are predominant.

Monasteries in the Eastward section:

The royal thai monastery .

Perhaps one of the most popular monasteries here in Lumbini, the Royal Thai Monastery is an architectural gem. This gleaming center of attraction in the Eastern zone is built entirely with white marble, with subtle red accents across the monastery. The peaceful ambiance fits well with the perfectly white and clean exterior, making it one of the most picturesque spaces in Lumbini. 

Myanmar Monastery

Said to be the oldest structure among all the monasteries in Lumbini, the Myanmar monastery is built in stunning Burmese-style architecture. The impressive corn cob-shaped shikhara , styled after the temples of Bagan gives a regal look to the whole structure.

Cambodian Monastery 

The intricate details of the Cambodian monastery make it a sight to see in Lumbini. Made in the traditional style of Angkor Wat (a famous temple structure in Cambodia), the details in the carvings are like no other. 

Along with the exterior, the prayer hall inside has high ceilings filled with carvings of the life of Buddha. 

Monasteries in the Westward section : 

Singaporean monastery .

The monastery is a stunning example of traditional Singaporean architecture and is renowned for its beautiful gardens, intricate carvings, and a stunning array of lights that illuminates the temple at night, giving it its nickname ‘Temple of Thousand Lights’. The temple is designed to represent the harmony and unity of different cultures, with its intricate carvings showcasing influences from not just Singapore, but also Nepal, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.

French Monastery 

The French monastery, which lies right opposite the German monastery, is a very different experience from the others in the area. Built-in a simple style with monochromatic colors, it both blends in and stands out in the Western Zone. 

The inside of the French monastery is covered with red marble and granite, which gives a very serene and calming experience. 

German Monastery  

The German monastery, built by the Tara foundation, is a remarkable piece of architecture in the Western zone. Partly covered by glass, the exterior is covered with intricate designs. The garden surrounding the monastery has sculptures depicting various parts of Buddha’s life.

The prayer hall indoors is a massive setting filled with scriptures and souvenirs from across the world. The high ceilings are adorned with carvings depicting various Buddhist scriptures and illustrations. 

While there are many more monasteries on the premises, (some still under construction), they might be subject to closure or maintenance since the covid-19 lockdowns.

Maya Devi temple with Buddha’s footprints 

The Maya Devi temple is the heart of Lumbini, housing ruins of the castle where Gautamn Buddha grew up. Not only do they have a Nativity sculpture depicting how the birth of Siddhartha Gautam took place, but they have also pinpointed the exact birth spot where the Buddha took his first steps. The reason why this spot has so much significance is because it is told that Siddhartha Gautama took his first steps right after he was born.

People from across the world are known to visit Maya Devi temple to witness this marvel, and pray around the now preserved perfect foot step.

During his visit to Lumbini in 249 B.C., Emperor Asoka  built a platform using burnt bricks to safeguard the Marker Stone and the Nativity Tree under which Mayadevi had given birth to Prince Siddhartha. The present-day Maya Devi Temple was rebuilt in 2003 by Lumbini Development Trust. 

Ashoka Pillar

The Ashoka pillar was erected in the 3rd century and holds some of the oldest inscriptions in Nepal. Ashoka ruled over most of present-day India as head of the Mauryan Empire and erected a pillar on the premises of the Maya Devi temple, indicating the exact spot of the birth of Buddha.

Written in Brahmi script, the pillar’s inscription is said to be the oldest in Nepal and reads: “King Piyadasi (Ashoka), the beloved of Devas, in the 29th year of the coronation, made a visit to Lumbini and paid his homage. Realizing the Buddha was born here, a stone railing was built and a stone pillar erected. Because the Lord was born here, the Emperor had the people of Lumbini village freed from some tax and entitled them to the eighth part only.”

As present-day India was founded and expanded through violent and bloody conquest by Ashoka and his predecessors, it is said that Emperor Ashoka decided to convert to Buddhism and dedicate his life to non-violence. 

This 6-meter tall pink sandstone structure was rediscovered and restored by Nepalese archaeologists in 1896.

Eternal Flame  

The Eternal Flame is located on the southern end of the canal. This is a very popular attraction in Lumbini as it was created in 1986 to celebrate the international year of Peace. The flame was bought from the United States of America (USA) to promote peace and harmony among the nations as well as the global community.

Rickshaw tour across Lumbini

Rickshaws are one of the most commonly used modes of transport in Lumbini and its surrounding areas. Not only are these vehicles cheap and convenient, but also have a very eco-friendly approach to transportation.

Most of the monasteries and heritage sites in Lumbini can seem quite far from each other to travel solely on foot. For the best experience of Lumbini and its heritage sites, I’d recommend booking a rickshaw for the entire day. Their local knowledge and experience with travelers will help with finding the best routes for travel between sites. This also helps you connect and actually talk to locals, learning more about the culture and history of the place.

And what’s even better is that a rickshaw is cheaper and more environmentally friendly than hiring a car.

Additional activities 

Meditating with the monks.

Meditate in the spot where Buddha was born with other monks as you soak in the peace and calm of Lumbini. To learn more about various sacred spaces in Lumbini, check out our blog post on Mediation spaces in Lumbini .

Explore the local areas of Lumbini

Lumbini is much more than the monasteries and temples, as there are vast lands with local residents too. To get a different perspective of what life is like in the Southern part of Nepal, away from the Mountains Lumbini is the perfect place to be.

Boating on the central canal

You can enjoy a peaceful day boating in the central canal that leads you directly to the Maya Devi temple – a great way to travel across the sacred lands of Lumbini.

Tags: boating eternal flame Lumbini Lumbini - Birthplace of Buddha maya devi temple meditation monasteries rikshaw tarai region travel nepal

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Issue 6 | Summer 2018

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Lumbini: What To Know About Visiting The Birthplace Of Buddha

Nepal's Lumbini is believed to be the birthplace of Buddha and is now one of the most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage destinations.

• Lumbini, Nepal is one of the most significant Buddhist pilgrimage locations in the world and is the birthplace of Buddha.
• The Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini, discovered in 1896, marks Emperor Ashoka's visit to Lumbini in the 3rd century BC and identifies it as the birthplace of Buddha.
• Lumbini is filled with temples, monasteries, and other sites of interest, making it a spiritual destination for Buddhist pilgrims from around the world.

One of the most significant locations to visit in Nepal is Lumbini. Lumbini is one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage locations in the world and according to tradition is where Buddha was born. Lumbini was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 and is one of the top destinations in Nepal.

Nepal may be better known for climbing Mount Everest (the tallest mountain in the world) , but it is also home to one of the holiest sites in the world. Here's what to know about Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha.

The Tradition Of The Birth Of Buddha At Lumbini

Lumbini is said to be where Queen Maya gave birth to Buddha (born as Siddhartha Gautama). According to UNESCO , the date was circa 623 BC. Buddhist tradition has it that Siddhartha Gautama lived as a prince in the palace, but he broke away and sought solitude.

He achieved enlightenment to become Shakyamuni Buddha (Buddha means the 'Awakened One') and to found Buddhism.

• Born: Circa 623 BC (Per UNESCO)

This makes Buddhism one of the oldest major world religions, although Hinduism is normally said to be the oldest.

The Ashoka Pillar Of Lumbini

One of the most important attractions at Lumbini is the Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini - a monolithic column believed to mark the spot of Emperor Ashoka's visit to Lumbini. Emperor Ashoka lived circa 304 to 232 BC and was the third Mauryan Emperor of the ancient Magadha Empire in India. The empire stretched from Afghanistan to Bangladesh.

• Date: 3rd Century BC
• Discovery: 1896

Ashoka had been largely forgotten from history until the Ashoka Pillar was discovered in Lumbini in 1896. The pillar records Ashoka and his visit to Lumbini in the 3rd century BC and identifies Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha. Ashoka's pillar is still located outside the Maya Devi Temple.

Take An Off-Roading Tour To Visit This Ancient Mongolian Monastery Remote On The Steppe

What to see in lumbini & its buddhist temples.

Lumbini is now full of many old temples (including the Mayadevi Temple) including a number of temples currently under construction. Besides the temples, sites of interest include monuments, monasteries, a museum, and the Puskarini (or Holy Pond).

The pond is where legend says that the Queen bathed before giving birth. After Prince Siddhartha's (aka Buddha's birth) he was given a purification bath in the pond.

Notable Sites In Lumbini:

• The Sacred Bodhi Tree
• Puskarini or The Holy Pond
• Ashoka's Pillar
• Mayadevi Temple

There is even a plaque where Queen Maya is believed to have grasped onto a tree branch and given birth to Buddha while en route to her home.

See the temples and monasteries built by a number of different Buddhist countries constructed in their unique and distinctive national style.

The largest Buddhist temple in the world is not in Nepal, instead, it is in Indonesia's Java. Take the time to see the massive Borobudur Temple next time in Indonesia .

The Hanging Monastery: One Of The World's Forgotten Wonders

What to know about visiting lumbini in nepal today.

Today Lumbini is located in the Rupandehi District of Lumbini Province in Nepal and is being developed into a Buddhist pilgrimage center. It is located around 300 kilometers or around 190 miles from the capital city, Kathmandu.

Today most of Nepal (over 80%) practice Hinduism but around 8% follow Buddhism; Buddhism is practiced by less than 1% of Indians but is still counted among the major religions of India. There are many millions following Buddhism across East and Southeast Asia.

• Best Time To Visit: November to March

At Lumbini, visitors can walk in the legendary footsteps of Buddha. See where tradition has it he spent his childhood as a prince. Guests should keep in mind that this is a spiritual site for many and is a place of meditation, contemplation, and reverence. Lumbini attracts Buddhist pilgrims from Thailand, Myanmar, China, and beyond.

Hotel accommodation can be limited so make reservations in Lumbini in advance

There are a number of guided tours from the capital Nepalese city of Kathmandu (these are often extended multi-day tours). While it may be easy to visit the sites of Lumbini without a tour, having a guide is great for understanding the beliefs, myths, and symbology of Buddhism.

Without a guide, it may be difficult for international travelers to really understand the significance of what they are seeing.

After seeing Lumbini, visit Kushinagar in India where Buddha died and is said to have achieved parinirvana (or nirvana-after-death). The lucky few travelers who get to explore Bhutan can also visit the stunning cliff-side Buddhist Taktsang Monastery .

Travelers don't need to go to Nepal and India to learn about Buddhism, there are monasteries in the United States where visitors can learn about the life of a Buddhist monk .

Elsewhere, there are many sacred Buddhist sites across Asia to see, including Mt Fanjingshan in China with its impossibly perched temple .

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The History Hit Miscellany of Facts, Figures and Fascinating Finds

The Ashokan Pillar

Lumbini Development, Western Development Region, Nepal

Lucy Davidson

24 mar 2021, @lucejuiceluce.

About The Ashokan Pillar

The Ashokan Pillar is one of the oldest and most revered monuments at Lumbini, Nepal. It is a stone column erected by the Emperor Ashoka when he visited in 249 BC.

History of The Ashokan Pillar

The Ashokan Pillars are a series of columns throughout the Indian subcontinent, and are among the earliest known stone sculptural monuments in India. They were built or at least inscribed by the Emperor Ashoka during his reign from 268 to 232 BC. The pillars were built at Buddhist monasteries and places of pilgrimage as well as many important sites from Buddha’s life. The pillars are important monuments of India’s architectural past, with most of them exhibiting the famous smooth and shiny Mauryan stone polish. 

The sandstone Ashokan Pillar at Lumbini is one of the most revered monuments in the area. There are ancient historical records from between the 5th and 7th century that discuss the search for Buddha’s birthplace, which was said to be in Lumbini. The Lumbini pillar itself was mentioned in these ancient texts, and was positioned where Buddha was born. In the ancient description, it is noted that the pillar used to be crowned by a sculpture of a horse, but even by then, the pillar had broken in half, and was partially buried. 

In 1896, due to these historical records, the governor of Palpa General Khadge Samsher Rana and Alois Anton Fuhrer re-discovered the great stone pillar. 

When they dug down and unearthed the pillar, they discovered an ancient Brahmi inscription on the side, buried about a metre beneath ground level. The inscription gives evidence that the aforementioned Emperor Ashoka visited in the 3rd century BC, and identified the pillar’s location as the birthplace of Buddha.

The Ashokan Pillar Today

The Ashokan Pillar now stands outside the Maya Devi Temple, which is a UNESCO world heritage site. Combined with the temple, the Pillar is a hugely popular tourist attraction for Buddhists and non-Buddhists alike. It is also a key destination for many Buddhist pilgrimages. The area itself is historically and spiritually fascinating, with the holy site of Lumbini being bordered by a large monastic zone in which strictly only monasteries are allowed to be built.

From early in the morning to early in the evening, pilgrims from different countries chant and meditate at the site. The Pillar is normally accessible between 6am and 6pm.

There are other places to visit in Lumbini, including the Maya Devi Temple , the World Peace Pagoda, the Myanmar Golden Temple, and the Lumbini Crane Sanctuary.

Getting to The Ashokan Pillar

Lumbini ia a 10 hour drive from Kathmandu and a 30 minute drive from Bhairahawa. The nearest airport is Gautam Buddha Airport at Bhairahawa, with flights running to and from Kathmandu. The India border town of Sonauli in the Maharajganj district is a 1 hour drive from Lumbini, and Nautanwa railway station in India is just a few kilometres away. The nearest big city is Gorakhpur which is about 100km and a 4 hour drive away from Lumbini. 

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• Description

Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor Ashoka, who erected one of his commemorative pillars there. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Lumbini, lieu de naissance du Bouddha

Siddharta Gautama, le Bouddha, est né en 623 av. J.-C. dans les célèbres jardins de Lumbini et son lieu de naissance est devenu un lieu de pèlerinage. Parmi les pèlerins se trouvait l'empereur indien Asoka qui a fait édifier à cet endroit l'un de ses piliers commémoratifs. Le site est maintenant un foyer de pèlerinage centré sur les vestiges associés au début du bouddhisme et à la naissance du Bouddha.

لومبيني، مكان ولادة بوذا

ولد سيدهرتا غوتاما أي بوذا في العام 623 ق.م. في حدائق لومبيني الشهيرة التي أصبحت مكانًا للحج. وكان من بين الحجاج الامبراطور الهندي اسوكا الذي شيد في هذا المكان إحدى دعائمه التذكارية. ويُعتبر هذا الموقع اليوم مركزًا للحج يتضمَّن بشكلٍ أساسي الآثار المرتبطة ببداية البوذية و بولادة بوذا.

source: UNESCO/CPE Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

释迦牟尼佛祖于公元前623年诞生于兰毗尼一座著名的花园，后来该处就成为朝圣之地。印度的阿育王也是朝拜者之一，并在此建立了一个他的纪念碑。这里现在已逐渐成为佛教徒的朝圣中心，以考古遗迹和佛祖诞生地为主要特色。

Lumbini, lugar de nacimiento de Buda

Sidharta Gautama, Buda, nació el año 623 a.C. en los famosos jardines de Lumbini, que pronto se convertirían en un lugar de peregrinación. Un ilustre peregrino, el emperador indio Asoka, ordenó erigir en ellos uno de sus pilares conmemorativos. Hoy en día, este sitio sigue siendo un centro de peregrinación, en el que los vestigios arqueológicos vinculados al nacimiento de Buda y los comienzos del budismo constituyen uno de sus principales centros de interés.

source: NFUAJ

Lumbini, geboorteplaats van de Boeddha

Siddhartha Gautama, de Boeddha, werd geboren in 623 voor Christus in de beroemde tuinen van Lumbini, gelegen in de zuidwestelijke Terai van Nepal. Lumbini werd al snel een bedevaartsoord. In 249 voor Christus maakte de vrome boeddhistische keizer Ashoka een pelgrimstocht naar deze stad en richtte er een van zijn herdenkingszuilen op. De plaats ontwikkelt zich nu tot een boeddhistisch bedevaartcentrum, waar de archeologische overblijfselen verbonden met de geboorte van de Boeddha een prominente plaats innemen. Lumbini behoort tot de meest heilige en kenmerkende plaatsen voor een van ’s werelds grootste religies.

Source: unesco.nl

Outstanding Universal Value

The Lord Buddha was born in 623 BC in the sacred area of Lumbini located in the Terai plains of southern Nepal, testified by the inscription on the pillar erected by the Mauryan Emperor Asoka in 249 BC. Lumbini is one of the holiest places of one of the world's great religions, and its remains contain important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from as early as the 3rd century BC.

The complex of structures within the archaeological conservation area includes the Shakya Tank; the remains within the Maya Devi Temple consisting of brick structures in a cross-wall system dating from the 3rd century BC to the present century and the sandstone Ashoka pillar with its Pali inscription in Brahmi script. Additionally there are the excavated remains of Buddhist viharas (monasteries) of the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD and the remains of Buddhist stupas (memorial shrines) from the 3rd century BC to the 15th century AD. The site is now being developed as a Buddhist pilgrimage centre, where the archaeological remains associated with the birth of the Lord Buddha form a central feature.

Criterion (iii): As the birthplace of the Lord Buddha, testified by the inscription on the Asoka pillar, the sacred area in Lumbini is one of the most holy and significant places for one of the world’s great religions.

Criterion (vi): The archaeological remains of the Buddhist viharas (monasteries) and stupas (memorial shrines) from the 3rd century BC to the 15th century AD, provide important evidence about the nature of Buddhist pilgrimage centres from a very early period.

The integrity of Lumbini has been achieved by means of preserving the archaeological remains within the property boundary that give the property its Outstanding Universal Value. The significant attributes and elements of the property have been preserved. The buffer zone gives the property a further layer of protection. Further excavations of potential archaeological sites and appropriate protection of the archaeological remains are a high priority for the integrity of the property. The property boundary however does not include the entire archaeological site and various parts are found in the buffer zone. The entire property including the buffer zone is owned by the Government of Nepal and is being managed by the Lumbini Development Trust and therefore there is little threat of development or neglect. However the effects of industrial development in the region have been identified as a threat to the integrity of the property.

The authenticity of the archaeological remains within the boundaries has been confirmed through a series of excavations since the discovery of the Asoka pillar in 1896. The remains of viharas, stupas and numerous layers of brick structures from the 3rd century BC to the present century at the site of the Maya Devi Temple are proof of Lumbini having been a centre of pilgrimage from early times. The archaeological remains require active conservation and monitoring to ensure that the impact of natural degradation, influence of humidity and the impact of the visitors are kept under control. The property continues to express its Outstanding Universal Value through its archaeological remains. The delicate balance must be maintained between conserving the archaeological vestiges of the property while providing for the pilgrims.

The property site is protected by the Ancient Monument Preservation Act 1956. The site management is carried out by the Lumbini Development Trust, an autonomous and non-profit making organization. The entire property is owned by the Government of Nepal. The property falls within the centre of the Master Plan area, the planning of which was initiated together with the United Nations and carried out by Prof. Kenzo Tange between 1972 and 1978.

The long-term challenges for the protection and management of the property are to control the impact of visitors, and natural impacts including humidity and the industrial development in the region. A Management Plan is in the process of being developed to ensure the long-term safeguarding of the archaeological vestiges of the property while allowing for the property to continue being visited by pilgrims and tourists from around the world.

• World Heritage Journeys web site
• Nepal Tourism Board

State of Conservation (SOC)

Unveiling Lumbinis Sacred Ashoka Pillar

Behold, the magnificent Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal! Nestled amidst rich historical significance and profound spiritual symbolism, this awe-inspiring edifice stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Emperor Ashoka. As we stand in the presence of this ancient marvel, we cannot help but be enraptured by its timeless allure and the unwavering influence it exerts on the collective consciousness. Indeed, the Ashoka Pillar serves as a poignant reminder of our shared human history, beckoning us to delve into the annals of time and explore the profound impact of one of the most influential figures of ancient India.

The Ashoka Pillar stands as a proud sentinel, embodying the rich tapestry of cultural and spiritual heritage that permeates the sacred land of Lumbini. With its soaring presence and intricate carvings, it bears witness to the grandeur of a bygone era, inviting us to contemplate the remarkable achievements and enduring principles of Ashoka the Great. Moreover, it serves as a tangible link to the ancient Mauryan Empire, evoking a sense of awe and reverence for the profound wisdom and vision that guided this illustrious ruler.

Furthermore, the Ashoka Pillar stands as a beacon of tranquility and introspection, beckoning pilgrims and visitors from far and wide to bask in its profound significance. As we stand in its shadow, we cannot help but feel the weight of history and the timeless lessons it imparts. It whispers to us, weaving a narrative that transcends the boundaries of time and space, reminding us of the enduring legacy of a visionary ruler whose influence continues to reverberate through the ages. Click here to access the complete city guide for Lumbini.

Table of Contents

History of the Ashoka Pillar

Ah, the majestic Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal, a beacon of history and a testament to the enduring legacy of Emperor Ashoka. As we stand in the presence of this towering symbol, we cannot help but marvel at the rich historical tapestry that it represents. This ancient artifact, dating back to the 3rd century BCE, carries with it the weight of time and the echoes of an era long past. It is a tangible link to a bygone era, a physical embodiment of Ashoka’s profound impact on history.

When we gaze upon the Ashoka Pillar, we are immediately transported to a time of great transformation and enlightenment. The inscriptions on the pillar, written in Brahmi script, tell the story of Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism and his unwavering commitment to spreading its teachings. We are captivated by the powerful words etched into the stone, as they provide us with a direct connection to the thoughts and aspirations of a ruler who sought to govern with compassion and wisdom.

In the presence of the Ashoka Pillar, we cannot help but feel a sense of awe and reverence for the enduring legacy of Emperor Ashoka. This remarkable artifact stands as a testament to the enduring power of history to shape and inspire us. As we contemplate the profound significance of this ancient monument, we are reminded of the timeless relevance of Ashoka’s message of unity, tolerance, and peace. It is a message that resonates as strongly today as it did over two millennia ago, and one that we would do well to heed in our modern world.

Significance of the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini

We cannot help but marvel at the sheer historical significance of the Ashoka Pillar when we stand in its presence in Lumbini, Nepal. This iconic edifice, erected by the great Mauryan emperor Ashoka, serves as a tangible testament to the profound impact of Buddhism on the world. As we gaze upon the Pillar, adorned with inscriptions detailing Ashoka’s reverence for the birthplace of Lord Buddha, we can’t help but feel a profound sense of connection to the ancient roots of this transformative faith. It stands as an enduring symbol of peace and enlightenment, reminding us of the enduring legacy of one of history’s most influential figures.

The Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini stands not only as a marker of historical importance but also as a symbol of unity and tolerance. Its very existence serves as a reminder of the universal values of compassion and understanding that lie at the core of Buddhism. As we absorb the intricate carvings and inscriptions on the Pillar, we are transported back in time, gaining a deeper understanding of Ashoka’s unwavering commitment to religious pluralism and harmony. In a world often marred by conflict and division, the Ashoka Pillar stands as a beacon of hope, urging us to embrace the principles of coexistence and mutual respect.

When we contemplate the significance of the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, we are compelled to reflect on the enduring relevance of its message in our modern world. The Pillar’s graceful presence serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative power of faith and the potential for individuals to make a lasting impact on society. It beckons us to seek wisdom and enlightenment, echoing the timeless teachings of Lord Buddha. In this hallowed place, we find inspiration and introspection, reaffirming our commitment to fostering a more harmonious and compassionate global community.

Current state and preservation efforts

Let us discuss the abysmal state of the revered Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal. We must address the heartbreaking dilapidation of this ancient symbol of peace and spirituality. The current sorry state of the Ashoka Pillar stands as a testament to our collective failure in preserving our invaluable cultural heritage. It is a travesty that such a historically significant site is not receiving the meticulous care and protection it deserves. We must ask ourselves: have we become so indifferent to our shared history that we allow this marvel to crumble before our very eyes?

It is high time we acknowledge the urgent need for robust preservation efforts to safeguard the Ashoka Pillar for future generations. We cannot afford to be complacent in the face of this cultural crisis. We owe it to ourselves and to posterity to take decisive action in the restoration and maintenance of this iconic monument. Our inaction reflects poorly on our commitment to honoring our past and shaping our legacy. We cannot allow the Ashoka Pillar to become a casualty of neglect and apathy.

We urge the authorities and global community to prioritize the preservation of the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini. Let us unite in a shared resolve to ensure that this magnificent edifice endures for centuries to come. The time for impassioned rhetoric is over; we must stand in solidarity to protect and cherish the Ashoka Pillar as an indelible testament to our rich cultural tapestry.

In conclusion, the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal, stands as a venerable testament to the enduring legacy of Emperor Ashoka and his profound impact on the spread of Buddhism. Its unyielding presence serves as a tangible link to a pivotal era in history, reminding us of the lasting power of faith, tolerance, and compassion. As we contemplate the significance of this ancient monument, we are compelled to reflect on the timeless wisdom it represents, offering a poignant reminder of humanity’s capacity for enlightenment and spiritual progression.

In this light, the Ashoka Pillar stands not only as a historical artifact, but as a symbol of hope and unity for people of all walks of life. Its steadfast endurance through the ages implores us to embrace the principles of non-violence, harmony, and understanding, transcending cultural and religious boundaries. As we stand in the shadow of this monumental edifice, we are beckoned to uphold the principles of empathy and altruism, fostering a global community rooted in mutual respect and shared values.

In a world marred by turmoil and discord, the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini, Nepal, remains an enduring beacon of wisdom and tolerance, inviting us to rise above our differences and unite in the pursuit of enlightenment. Its significance resonates far beyond its physical presence, embodying the enduring spirit of humanity’s quest for peace and spiritual fulfillment. As we gaze upon this storied monument, we are reminded that the wisdom of the past continues to illuminate our path forward, guiding us towards a future defined by harmony, understanding, and collective well-being.

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Ashokan Pillar

The Indian emperor Ashoka visited Lumbini in 249 BC, leaving behind an inscribed sandstone pillar to commemorate the occasion. After being lost for centuries, Ashoka’s pillar was rediscovered by the governor of Palpa, Khadga Shumsher Rana, in 1896. The 6m-high pink sandstone pillar has now been returned to its original site in front of the Maya Devi Temple.

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Ashoka Pillar, Lumbini

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Ashoka Pillar, Lumbini Overview

The Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini is one of the 3rd Century stone pillars built under the reign of Emperor Ashoka. It was erected as a mark of respect by Ashoka after he visited Lord Buddha's place of birth and decided to accept Buddhism. These facts make the pillar a significantly important attraction in the country. It bears the oldest inscription compared to the rest of the Ashoka Pillars, thus marking that it was the first-ever such structure built. The pillar is located inside the serene Maya Devi Temple complex and is quite a stimulating structure to visit because of its interesting and motivating history. This 6-metre tall pink sandstone structure was rediscovered by Nepalese archaeologists in 1896.

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The bas relief above [ click to view ] depicts Maya Devi with her right hand holding on to a branch of a sal tree with a newborn child standing upright on a lotus petal, shedding an oval halo, around his head, while two celestial figures pour water and lotuses from vessels of heaven as indicated by the delineation of clouds. This nativity scene was installed by Malla Kings of the Naga dynasty from about the 11th to 15th Century in the Karnali zone of Nepal.

In 249 BC, when the Emperor Ashoka visited Lumbini it was a flourishing village. Ashoka constructed four stupas and a stone pillar with a figure of a horse on top. The stone pillar bears an inscription which, in English translation, runs as follows: "King Piyadasi (Ashoka), beloved of devas, in the 20 year of the coronation, himself made a royal visit, Buddha Sakyamuni having been born here, a stone railing was built and a stone pillar erected to the Bhagavan having been born here, Lumbini village was taxed reduced and entitled to the eight part (only)".

Maya Devi Temple

It is pointed out by scholars that the temple of Maya Devi was constructed over the foundations of more than one earlier temple or stupa, and that this temple was probably built on an Ashokan stupa itself. On the south of the Maya Devi temple there is the famous sacred bathing pool known as Puskarni. It is believed that Maha Devi took a bath in this pool before the delivery. By the side of the Ashoka pillar there is a river which flows southeast and is locally called the 'Ol' river. In 1996, an archaeological dig unearthed a "flawless stone" placed there by the Indian Emperor Ashoka in 249 BC to mark the precise location of the Buddha's birth more than 2,600 years ago, if authenticated, the find will put Lumbini even more prominently on the map for millions of religious pilgrims.

Recently, several beautiful shrines have been built by devotees from Buddhist countries. A visit to Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha, is not only for spiritual enlightenment but also for solace and satisfaction that one gets in such a calm and peaceful place.

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Lumbini: The Birthplace of the Buddha

• AUTHOR Nehal Rajvanshi
• PUBLISHED 28 May 2020

“To the east of the city (of Kapilavastu), there is a royal park. The park is called Lumbini (Lunmin). (There) the wife (of the king) took a bath in a pond, left the pond from the north side, took twenty steps forward, grasped a tree with her hand and, (turning) to the east, delivered the prince,” reads Fa-Hien’s account of Lumbini.

Fa-Hien was a Buddhist monk from the Shanxi province in China, who visited Lumbini between 399 and 414 CE. This excerpt describes the account he heard of the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. Though there are varying opinions about the date of Buddha’s birth, most scholars agree on the 6th Century BCE, i.e. somewhere around 585-571 BCE. According to Buddhist tradition, Siddhartha Gautama was born in the vana or garden of Lumbini.

The site is located in the Rupandehi district of Nepal, around 125 kms from Gorakhpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Today, it houses a shrine called the Maya Devi Temple, named after the Buddha’s mother, and is one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage centres in the world. A series of excavations at Lumbini has revealed the remains of many stupas , monasteries and temples, indicating that it has been a significant Buddhist site for several centuries.

Legends of Lumbini

Lumbini is often described as a beautiful garden, and was said to be located between the kingdoms of the Sakyas of Kapilavastu and the Koliyas of Devadaha. Maya Devi, a Koliya, was married to Suddhodana, the King of the Sakya clan. There’s a popular legend associated with the conception of Siddhartha. It is said that Maya Devi or Maha Maya dreamt she was being taken to be placed under a sal tree.

A six-tusked white elephant, holding a white lotus, then descended from heaven to enter her womb through her right side. This legend often finds depiction in Buddhist art even today.

While pregnant and on her way from Kapilavastu to her parental home in Devadaha, upon reaching a grove near the village of Lumbini, Maha Maya gave birth to her son Siddhartha under a sal tree. As depicted in different literary texts, she is said to have clutched a branch of that tree while giving birth.

Lumbini thus became one of the four spots that even the Buddha listed as key pilgrimage centres, as mentioned in the Mahaparinibbana Sutta . The other three spots that hold significance in the Buddha’s life are Bodh Gaya, where Siddhartha gained enlightenment; Sarnath, where he delivered his first teachings; and Kushinagar, where he died and attained parinirvana .

Emperor Ashoka’s Pilgrimage

The earliest recorded reference to Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha dates to the 3rd century BCE. The Mauryan Emperor Ashoka (r. 269-232 BCE) embraced Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga in 261 BCE, in what would prove to be a turning point for the faith.

According to Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Divyavadana (an anthology of Buddhist tales), Ashoka set off on a pilgrimage to Lumbini about 12 years later, in 249 BCE, in the company of his spiritual teacher, Upagupta. Upon their arrival, Upagupta, pointing to the tree under which Maha Maya gave birth to the Buddha, said, “Oh, Maharaja! Here the Blessed One was born.” To commemorate his visit and to propagate Dhamma, Ashoka had monuments built at the site.

In Lumbini, he erected a sandstone pillar with an inscription to memorialise his visit. The inscription contains five lines and 90 letters (in Brahmi and Pali). The inscription on the Ashoka Pillar in Lumbini states, among other things, that pilgrims visiting the location were exempt from all religious taxes and that the levy on produce from the village of Lumbini was reduced.

Here is an English translation:

“By King Piyadasi, the beloved of the gods (who) having been consecrated twenty years (having) come himself personally (here) to offer homage, or celebrate because Shakyamuni Buddha was born here, was caused both a Silavigadabhica to be built and a stone pillar to be set up. (And), because the Lord was born here, the Lumbini village was made free from taxes and liable to pay (only) one-eighth part (of the produce)”

Ashokavadan , a text describing Ashoka and his reign and dating to approximately the 2nd century CE, records that the Emperor erected a shrine near the nativity tree and donated 100,000 ounces of gold at Lumbini. And so Emperor Ashoka transformed it from a place in the woods to a massive centre of pilgrimage.

Visitors at Lumbini

– Following Ashoka’s visit, Lumbini drew many travellers from faraway lands. It was connected to the ancient trade route, Uttarapatha, which linked it to other important cities such as Kapilavastu.

Among the many pilgrims who visited Lumbini during its early period of splendor were Chinese travellers whose records have helped reconstruct a picture of what it was like then.

The monk Seng-Tsai of the Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE) was the first known Chinese traveller to visit Lumbini, between 350 and 375 CE.

He is said to have described a lapis lazuli nativity sculpture that Emperor Ashoka had installed there, of the queen giving birth. This statue was believed to have been placed under the descendant of the original tree under which Siddhartha was born. Seng-Tsai records that Ashoka placed stone slabs where Siddhartha was said to have taken his first seven steps, and that these were also enclosed in lapis lazuli.

Next, the Buddhist monk Fa-Hien visited Lumbini and wrote of the birth. He also described Siddhartha being bathed by Naga kings at a spot where a well was later built.

The traveller and monk Hiuen Tsang visited too, between 629 and 645 CE. He called Lumbini the La-fa-ni grove and left a rather detailed description mentioning the bathing pool and the old tree where the prince was born. Two springs and stupas were mentioned, along with a small stream. He also wrote a detailed description of the Ashoka Pillar, describing a capital shaped like the figure of a horse, which had by then been broken in the middle by a thunderbolt.

An excerpt from Hiuen Tsang’s account:

“ Going eighty or ninety li north-east from the Arrow Spring, one comes to Lumbini. There is a bathing pond of the Sakya clan, (whose water is) clear as a mirror, and on whose surface flowers are scattered and drift. Twenty-four or twenty-five steps to the north (of the pond), there is an Ashoka flower tree (Wuyou-hua-shu), which has now already withered; this is the place where the sacred birth of the Bodhisattva took plac e.”

– Interestingly, the Ashoka Pillar at Lumbini also bears an inscription from the 14th century CE, a testament to the last significant visitor to make a pilgrimage there before the place was lost to the jungle and largely forgotten for five centuries.

The visitor was Ripu Malla, a king of the Khasa Malla Dynasty (11th-14th century CE) of Western Nepal. The inscription bears his name and the Buddhist prayer, Om Mani Padme Hum, which literally translates to ‘Praise to the Jewel in the Lotus’ .

Some scholars say it is possible that the revival of Hinduism and a series of later Muslim invasions caused this vital place of pilgrimage to be lost to the marshy Terai forest and largely forgotten after this point. Others suggest that natural disasters such as droughts, famines, floods or earthquakes could have caused people to abandon Lumbini village.

Rediscovery & Excavations

In the 1890s, the Rana noble Khadga Shumsher (1861-1921), then governor of Nepal’s Palpa district, heard of an old stone pillar standing partly buried in the western part of the Terai forest. He found the object and ordered it dug out.

Alois Anton Führer, a German Indologist working as a surveyor with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), headed to the forest where the governor had ordered his workers to clear away most of the earth around what they then discovered was the Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini.

As news of the discovery spread, in 1898-99, Indian archaeologist Purna Chandra Mukherji was sent to conduct a brief exploration and excavation at Kapilavastu. He carried out extensive work, and some excavations at Lumbini too, and brought to light the exquisite plinth of the Maya Devi Temple. Atop this temple, a small modern temple dedicated to Rupadevi, the mother goddess of Lumbini , had been erected. Mukherji’s work concentrated on describing the Ashokan inscription, the decorative plinth of one phase of the Mayadevi Temple and the Gupta period sculpture of Mayadevi. According to Anton Führer, the new temple had been built as recently as 1890.

More than 30 years later, Keshar Shamsher Rana, a military general in the Gorkha Empire and later Governor of Palpa, carried out major excavation work, between 1933 and 1939. He also built a high platform around the Maya Devi Temple and enlarged the Shakya tank with terraces and brick veneer. Some scholars believe that this phase was indeed more of a demolition and reconstruction campaign than one of excavation and conservation. There is no documentation on the activities carried out by Keshar Shamsher Rana, other than a few photographs.

In 1962, a joint project between the ASI and the Government of Nepal’s Department of Archaeology was led by ASI Director-General Debala Mitra. She visited Lumbini and excavated a small trench to the west of the Ashoka Pillar, to determine the nature of its base. She observed that the pillar had a Mauryan polish typical of finished stone from a quarry in Chunar near Varanasi in UP, India (about 400 km from Lumbini).

In the later part of the 20th century, Nepal’s Department of Archaeology also conducted excavations that yielded significant data. Near the Maya Devi Temple, a few monasteries from four different cultural periods were discovered, as well as 10 successive layers of human occupation, with objects and figurines dating to the Kushan and Gupta periods (2nd to 3rd century CE and 4th to 6th century CE, respectively). These include a terracotta plaque mould of the Buddha in the earth-touching posture typical of the Gupta period.

A recent and rather fascinating discovery, in 2013, put Lumbini in the spotlight once again. A timber structure discovered at the site of the ancient Maya Devi Temple is now said to be the oldest Buddhist shrine in the world. British archaeologist Robin Coningham and his team conducted the excavation that unearthed the structure, buried within the temple; it was found to date to the 6th century BCE. The shrine appears to have once housed a tree, linking it to the Buddha’s nativity story.

Lumbini was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. With its rich archaeological treasure of temples, stupas, viharas (monasteries) and tanks, and the many sacred legends linking it with the Buddha, Lumbini continues to be one of the most significant sites of Buddhist pilgrimage in the world.

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• Sacred Destinations

Sacred Sites, Religious Places, Pilgrimages

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Lumbini, Nepal

Lumbini (Sanskrit for "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site located at the Nepalese town of Kapilavastu, district Rupandehi, near the Indian border.

Lumbini is one of four Buddhist pilgrimage sites based on major events in the life of Gautama Buddha. Interestingly, all of the events occurred under trees.

The other three sites are in India: Bodh Gaya (enlightenment), Sarnath (first discourse), and Kushinagar (death).

History of Lumbini

Lumbini is the traditional birthplace of Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism, who was born in the 7th or 6th century BC.

According to Buddhist tradition, Maya Devi (or Mayadevi) gave birth to the Buddha on her way to her parent's home in Devadaha in the month of May in the year 642 BC. Feeling the onset of labor pains, she grabbed hold of the branches of a shade tree and gave birth to Siddharta Gautama, the future Buddha. The Buddha is said to have announced, "This is my final rebirth" as he entered the world. Buddhist tradition also has it that he walked immediately after his birth and took seven steps, under each of which a lotus flower bloomed.

In 249 BC, the Buddhist convert Emperor Ashoka visited Lumbini and constructed four stupas and a stone pillar. Ashoka's Pillar bears an inscription that translates as: "King Piyadasi (Ashoka), beloved of devas, in the 20 year of the coronation, himself made a royal visit, Buddha Sakyamuni having been born here, a stone railing was built and a stone pillar erected to the Bhagavan ["blessed one"] having been born here. Lumbini village was taxed reduced and entitled to the eight part (only)".

Monasteries and temples were built at Lumbini until the 9th century, but Buddhism declined in the area after the arrival of Islam and later Hinduism. All that remained was a sculpture, revered by local women as a fertility symbol. The garden of the Buddha's birth was lost for a thousand years.

The site was rediscovered in 1895 , when a German archaeologist came upon Ashoka's Pillar, identified by its inscription. Records made by the Chinese pilgrim Fa Xian were also used in the process of identifying this religiously acclaimed site. Lumbini was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.

What to See at Lumbini

Lumbini lies in the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal. The site is a large garden with a grove of pipal trees. The area around Lumbini is entirely Hindu, but many Buddhist temples and shrines from various nations are scattered around the holy site itself.

The most important temple at Lumbini is the Maya Devi Temple , which enshrines the traditional site of the Buddha's birth. The current temple stands on the site of earlier temples and stupas, including the stupa built by Ashoka.

The modern temple consists mainly of simple white building that protects ancient ruins, with the exact spot of the Buddha's birth identified. The delicate sandstone sculptures discovered here are now in the National Musuem in Kathmandu .

Atop the temple is a small square tower of the type seen in Kathmandu, with Buddha eyes on each side and a golden pinnacle on top.

On the south side of the temple is a sacred pool (see top photo), where it is said Maya Devi bathed before giving birth, and where the newborn Buddha was washed by two dragons.

The Maha Devi temple is surrounded by the brick foundations of ancient temples and monasteries. All around Lumbini, long lines of colorful prayer flags are strung between trees. They carry prayers and mantras heavenward as they flap on the breeze.

The other main sight of interest at Lumbini is Ashoka's Pillar , near the temple. It is protected by a small fence, which is decorated with prayer flags and banners from the faithful. Around the courtyard containing the pillar are bowls for incense sticks, and there is room to sit in front of the pillar for contemplation.

Getting There

Lumbini is in west-central Nepal near the Indian border. It is not terribly easy to get to, and the site does not receive a large amount of visitors. Most pilgrims to Lumbini come from Southeast Asia, Japan and Tibet, but westerners come regularly as well.

Lumbini has a small airport, which receives flights from airlines like the aptly-named Buddha Air. Consult the links below for more information.

Quick Facts on Lumbini

• Lumbini: Birth Place of the Buddha - BuddhaNet Pilgrim's Guide
• Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha - UNESCO World Heritage

More Information

• Lumbini Tourism - TripAdvisor
• Interactive 360° Panorama of Lumbini - World Heritage Tour
• Lumbini - Visit Lord Buddha
• Lumbini and Kathmandu - a pilgrim's blog entry, January 26-30, 2006
• Photos of Lumbini - here on Sacred Destinations

Map of Lumbini, Nepal

Below is a location map and aerial view of Lumbini. Using the buttons on the left (or the wheel on your mouse), you can zoom in for a closer look, or zoom out to get your bearings. To move around, click and drag the map with your mouse.

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Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha, is one of the most spiritual sites in the world. Within the sacred Lumbini Garden, you can now visit 25 international Buddhist monasteries, attain knowledge of Buddhism, practice meditation and visit Lord Buddha’s birthplace. Mayadevi Temple is one of the holiest sites in Lumbini Garden. Many historians and archaeologists consider this site to be the birthplace of Lord Buddha. Even the inscriptions on Ashoka Pillar mention this place as his place of birth. There is a belief that it is here that the infant Prince took his first seven steps and preached about peace to the humankind.

This enlightening incident took place in the beautiful Sal grove, the focal point of Lumbini Garden. Mayadevi, the Queen of Shakya King Suddhodhana of Kapilvastu bathed in the Pushkarini (the Sacred Pond) on the day of Baishakha Purnima. Soon after she went into labor and with the support of a tree birthed Prince Siddhartha, whom the world knows as Lord Buddha.

In the Garden, you can visit enchanting monasteries built by different Buddhist countries, China, Japan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Germany to name some. It is recommended to observe the difference in architectural design and prayer areas and let the peace and calmness reach your soul. You should visit the Mayadevi Temple that holds a historical significance and is claimed to be the birthplace of Lord Buddha in 623 B.C.

You can walk in the garden or locate a peaceful spot to practice meditation in the realms of the garden. The sandstone carving that depicts the birth of Buddha is of great interest for the pilgrims. Malla King, Ripu Malla left it here in the 14th century. It was a period when Mayadevi was worshipped and considered an incarnation of Hindu Mother Goddess. The Ashoka Pillar is another major attraction in the Garden. It was built by Ashoka the Great when he was visiting the birthplace of Lord Budhha back in 249 B.C.

You should also visit Pandit Rama Vipassana Center to practice yoga and meditation and interact with the monks living near the monasteries and devoting their time to balance the environment with their religious practices.

The Garden is spread across an area of 2.56 sq. km. It encloses three zones. Each zone is about a square mile wide and linked to walkways and a canal. The area has a sub-tropical climate. Do pay a visit to Lumbini for peace.

Lumbini Tour Packages In Nepal

Lumbini tour packages take you to one of the most spiritual Buddhist places. Here, you can witness the birthplace of Gautam Buddha, practice meditation, and enlighten yourself with knowledge of Buddhism from the various Buddhist monasteries.

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Lumbini, the famous Buddha temple in Nepal is considered the holy shrine of Buddhists. The place is worshipped by thousands of devotees each day in a belief that Lumbini is Buddha's birthplace in Nepal. Apart from Gautam Buddha's temple in Nepal, people worship Mayadevi temple and visit Lumbini's Buddha garden in Nepal. There are many pilgrimages of Gautam Buddha around the world out of which Lumbini, the Lord Buddha temple in Nepal is said to be the chief one. According to many historians and archaeologists, Buddha's birthplace in Lumbini Nepal has been confirmed. In case you are planning your trip to Nepal, Lumbini's Buddha temple is a must-visit place.

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Exploring Lumbini – The Birth Place Of Buddha In Nepal

Published: September 23, 2023

Modified: December 27, 2023

by Marcelle Suber

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Introduction

Welcome to Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha and one of the most sacred sites in Nepal. Nestled in the foothills of the majestic Himalayas, Lumbini is a small town located in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. It holds immense religious and historical significance as the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, who later became known as Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. Every year, thousands of devotees and tourists from all corners of the globe visit Lumbini to pay their respects and explore its rich cultural heritage.

The history of Lumbini dates back to over 2,500 years ago. It was here, in the year 623 BC, that Queen Mayadevi, the mother of Prince Siddhartha Gautama, gave birth to him while on a journey. This event marked the beginning of Buddha’s life and the start of a spiritual journey that would eventually lead to enlightenment.

Lumbini is not only a religious pilgrimage site but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its outstanding universal value. It serves as a reminder of the profound impact Buddhism has had on the world and its enduring principles of peace, compassion, and enlightenment.

One of the defining features of Lumbini is its serene and peaceful ambiance. As you wander through its sacred grounds, you will be immersed in a tranquil atmosphere that is perfect for reflection and introspection. The area is beautifully landscaped, with lush gardens, tranquil ponds, and towering trees providing shade.

Aside from its religious significance, Lumbini also boasts remarkable architectural sights and cultural landmarks that showcase the rich history and influence of Buddhism. From the iconic Mayadevi Temple, where Buddha was born, to the Ashokan Pillar, erected by the great Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, there are numerous attractions that captivate visitors with their beauty and historical significance.

Whether you are a religious pilgrim seeking spiritual enlightenment, a history enthusiast exploring the ancient roots of Buddhism, or simply a traveler looking for a unique and culturally rich experience, Lumbini offers something for everyone. From wandering through the Sacred Garden to exploring the monasteries built by various countries, Lumbini invites you to embrace its serene and captivating charm.

In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the fascinating history, architectural wonders, cultural festivals, and surrounding attractions of Lumbini, allowing you to embark on a virtual journey to this enchanting place.

History of Lumbini

Lumbini holds a rich history that spans over 2,500 years. Its significance lies in its connection to the life of Siddhartha Gautama, who would later become known as Gautama Buddha. According to ancient texts and Buddhist scriptures, Lumbini was the birthplace of the spiritual leader.

The story begins in the 6th century BC when Queen Mayadevi of the Shakya dynasty, while en route to her parents’ home, gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama in the gardens of Lumbini. The exact date of his birth is still a subject of debate among scholars, but it is widely believed to be around 623 BC.

During his early years, Siddhartha lived a life of luxury within the palace walls, shielded from the hardships and sufferings of the outside world. However, at the age of 29, intrigued by the experiences outside the palace, he ventured out of the palace walls and encountered the realities of old age, sickness, and death. This pivotal experience prompted him to embark on a spiritual quest to seek answers to the fundamental questions of life, suffering, and the attainment of true happiness.

After years of intense meditation and seeking wisdom from various religious teachers, Siddhartha finally achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, India. He became Gautama Buddha, meaning “the awakened one,” and dedicated the rest of his life to teaching his profound insights and helping others find liberation from suffering.

As Buddhism began to spread across the Indian subcontinent, the significance of Lumbini as the birthplace of Buddha grew. Emperor Ashoka, an ardent follower of Buddhism, visited Lumbini in the 3rd century BC and subsequently erected a commemorative pillar and stone inscription near the Mayadevi Temple.

Over time, Lumbini became an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists, attracting devotees from different parts of the world. However, as Buddhism declined in India, Lumbini gradually fell into obscurity, with its exact location lost to history.

It was only in 1896 that Lumbini was rediscovered by archaeologist General Khadga Shumsher Rana. Excavations conducted in the area confirmed its historical significance, and efforts were made to restore and preserve the sacred site.

Today, Lumbini stands as a testament to the journey of Siddhartha Gautama and the profound impact of Buddhism on human history. It is a place of pilgrimage, peace, and reflection, attracting spiritual seekers, scholars, and curious travelers alike.

Significance of Lumbini

Lumbini holds immense significance not only for Buddhists but also for people of various religious and spiritual backgrounds. Its importance lies in its connection to the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, who would later become known as Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism. Here are some key reasons why Lumbini is considered such a sacred and revered place:

1. Birthplace of Buddha: Lumbini is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical figure who attained enlightenment and became known as Gautama Buddha. It is where the journey towards his profound teachings began. This fact alone makes Lumbini one of the most revered pilgrimage sites for Buddhist devotees around the world.

2. Spiritual Enlightenment: Lumbini is associated with the foundational principles of Buddhism, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The site serves as a reminder of the path to spiritual awakening and liberation from suffering. It holds deep spiritual significance for those seeking enlightenment and a deeper understanding of Buddhist teachings.

3. UNESCO World Heritage Site: Lumbini is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting its remarkable universal value. It is not only considered a cultural and religious site but also a testament to the profound impact of Buddhism on human history and its enduring message of peace, compassion, and enlightenment.

4. Global Pilgrimage Destination: Lumbini attracts pilgrims from all over the world who come to pay homage to the birthplace of Buddha. Buddhists, in particular, believe that visiting Lumbini and offering prayers and supplications at its sacred sites can bring about spiritual blessings and contribute to their personal spiritual journey.

5. Symbol of Peace and Harmony: Lumbini serves as a symbol of peace, mutual respect, and interfaith harmony. It promotes understanding, tolerance, and unity among people of different faiths and cultures. It is a place where people from all walks of life can come together to meditate, reflect, and seek inner peace.

6. Historical and Archaeological Importance: Lumbini is not only a religious site but also an archaeological treasure trove. The site has revealed ancient structures, monasteries, and artifacts dating back centuries. The Ashokan Pillar, erected by Emperor Ashoka, and the Mayadevi Temple are examples of the historical and architectural wonders that can be explored in Lumbini.

Lumbini’s significance goes beyond its religious and historical aspects. It is a place of tranquility, spirituality, and reflection, inviting visitors to connect with their inner selves and embrace the teachings of compassion and peace. Whether one is a Buddhist or simply seeking a place of serenity, Lumbini offers a profound and transformative experience for all who visit.

Architectural Sights in Lumbini

Lumbini is home to numerous architectural wonders that showcase the rich history and influence of Buddhism. From ancient monuments to modern temples, these architectural sights attract visitors with their aesthetic beauty and historical significance. Here are some of the notable architectural sights you can explore in Lumbini:

The Sacred Garden: The Sacred Garden is the heart of Lumbini and encompasses the area where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama. It is beautifully landscaped with lush gardens, peaceful ponds, and shaded pathways. The design of the Sacred Garden follows ancient Buddhist architectural principles, creating a serene setting for meditation and reflection.

Mayadevi Temple: Located in the Sacred Garden, the Mayadevi Temple is where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama. The temple showcases exquisite architectural features and houses a stone relief depicting the birth of Buddha. Inside, you will find a sacred marker indicating the exact birthplace of Buddha.

Ashokan Pillar: Erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, the Ashokan Pillar is an iconic symbol of Lumbini. Made of polished sandstone, the pillar stands tall and bears inscriptions detailing Emperor Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini and his reverence for Buddhism. It is a historical and architectural marvel that has withstood the test of time.

Eternal Peace Flame: The Eternal Peace Flame is an important symbol in Lumbini, representing peace and harmony. It was established at the initiative of the international Buddhist community and serves as a constant reminder of the need for global peace and the eradication of suffering.

Lumbini Museum: The Lumbini Museum is a treasure trove of artifacts, statues, and historical relics related to Buddhism. It offers a fascinating glimpse into the life and teachings of Buddha, as well as the archaeological discoveries made in the area. The museum’s architecture is modern and creatively designed, providing an immersive experience for visitors.

Monasteries in Lumbini: Lumbini is home to numerous monasteries, each representing a different country and Buddhist tradition. These monasteries showcase unique architectural styles and serve as cultural centers for devotees and visitors. From the stunning Thai monastery with its golden spires to the graceful Chinese monastery, each offers a glimpse into the architectural diversity and spiritual richness of Buddhism.

Visiting these architectural sights allows you to not only appreciate their beauty but also gain a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural significance of Lumbini. They stand as testaments to the enduring legacy of Buddhism and its influence on art and architecture throughout the centuries.

The Sacred Garden

The Sacred Garden is the heart and soul of Lumbini, encompassing the area where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama, who later became known as Gautama Buddha. It is a place of tranquility and serenity, carefully designed to cultivate a peaceful atmosphere that is conducive to meditation and reflection.

The Sacred Garden is meticulously landscaped with beautiful gardens, verdant trees, and flowing water features. The design of the garden follows ancient Buddhist architectural principles, creating a harmonious and balanced environment. As you walk through the garden, you will be surrounded by the gentle sounds of chirping birds and rustling leaves, creating a sense of calm and connection with nature.

One of the key features of the Sacred Garden is the Ashokan Pillar, an iconic symbol of Lumbini’s historical and cultural significance. The pillar, erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, stands tall and proud, bearing inscriptions that embody his devotion to Buddhism and his reverence for Lumbini. It serves as a reminder of the ancient roots of Buddhism and the enduring legacy of compassion and peace.

Within the Sacred Garden, you will also find the Mayadevi Temple, which marks the exact spot where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Buddha. The temple is a beautiful architectural marvel, adorned with intricate carvings and decorative elements. Inside, you will find a sacred marker highlighting the exact birthplace of Buddha, allowing visitors to pay their respects and offer prayers.

Walking along the pathways of the Sacred Garden, you will encounter various Buddhist statues and shrines representing different aspects of Buddha’s life and teachings. These statues serve as focal points for meditation and reflection, allowing visitors to deepen their connection to the profound teachings of Buddhism.

The Sacred Garden also offers ample space for visitors to engage in meditation and mindfulness practices. Many visitors find solace and peace in practicing meditation while surrounded by the serene beauty of the garden. Whether you are a seasoned meditator or simply seeking a moment of calm amidst your busy life, the Sacred Garden provides an ideal setting for inner reflection and self-discovery.

Additionally, the Sacred Garden hosts various events and ceremonies throughout the year, including Buddhist festivals and gatherings. These events serve as opportunities for devotees and visitors to come together and celebrate the teachings of Buddha, fostering a sense of community and unity.

A visit to Lumbini would not be complete without spending time in the Sacred Garden. It is a place where the ancient teachings of Buddhism come alive, inviting individuals to embark on their own spiritual journey of self-discovery, compassion, and inner peace. As you explore the Sacred Garden, take the time to absorb its serene ambiance and allow its peaceful energy to resonate within you.

Mayadevi Temple

The Mayadevi Temple is a sacred and significant architectural marvel in Lumbini, as it marks the exact spot where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama, who would later become the enlightened Gautama Buddha. This temple is a place of deep reverence for Buddhists and attracts visitors from all over the world who seek to pay their respects and connect with the birthplace of Buddha.

Architecturally, the Mayadevi Temple is a beautiful and intricately designed structure. It features exquisite carvings, intricate artwork, and decorative elements that reflect the rich cultural heritage and devotion to Buddhism. The temple stands as a testament to the historical and spiritual importance of Lumbini, encapsulating the profound beginnings of Buddha’s transformative journey.

Upon entering the temple, visitors are greeted by a peaceful and serene atmosphere that encourages contemplation and introspection. The interior of the Mayadevi Temple is adorned with Buddhist statues, scriptures, and religious artifacts, creating an ambience of spirituality and devotion.

At the heart of the temple lies the sacred marker that identifies the exact spot where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama. This marker holds immense significance as it denotes the birthplace of one of the most revered spiritual leaders in history. Devotees and visitors often gather around the marker, offering prayers, lighting incense, and expressing their reverence for Buddha’s enlightening teachings.

Adjacent to the sacred marker, there is a small pond known as the “Puskarni.” According to Buddhist tradition, Queen Mayadevi took a ritual bath in this pond before giving birth to Buddha. The pond holds symbolic value and provides a tranquil space for visitors to reflect and connect with the spiritual journey of Buddha.

Throughout the year, the Mayadevi Temple serves as a focal point for various Buddhist ceremonies and festivals. These events attract devotees and pilgrims who come to Lumbini to celebrate the teachings and life of Buddha. The temple becomes alive with vibrant colors, incense smoke, and the sounds of Buddhist chants and prayers, creating an atmosphere of devotion and divine connection.

Visiting the Mayadevi Temple allows individuals to immerse themselves in the rich history and spiritual essence of Lumbini. It is a place where one can gain a deeper understanding of the remarkable life and teachings of Buddha, as well as experience a sense of peace and inner reflection. Whether you are a devout Buddhist or simply appreciate the beauty of sacred places, the Mayadevi Temple is a must-see attraction that encapsulates the profound beginnings of Buddhism.

Ashokan Pillar

The Ashokan Pillar stands proudly as an iconic symbol of Lumbini’s historical and cultural significance. Erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, the pillar holds tremendous historical importance and serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism.

Architecturally, the Ashokan Pillar is a remarkable work of art. It is made of polished sandstone and stands at an impressive height. The pillar is intricately carved with decorative motifs and inscriptions, showcasing the skilled craftsmanship of the time. The design embodies the Mauryan architectural style, reflecting the grandeur and power of the ancient Mauryan Empire.

The inscriptions on the Ashokan Pillar provide valuable historical information and offer insights into Emperor Ashoka’s dedication to Buddhism. The inscriptions convey Ashoka’s reverence for Lumbini as the birthplace of Buddha and his commitment to spreading the teachings of Buddha throughout his empire.

The Ashokan Pillar is notable not only for its beauty but also for its location. It stands near the Mayadevi Temple, marking the exact spot where Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama. This proximity adds to the spiritual and historical significance of the pillar, as it serves as a reminder of the beginning of Buddha’s transformative journey.

Over the centuries, the Ashokan Pillar has endured various challenges, including natural disasters and human conflicts. However, it has been meticulously restored and preserved to ensure its longevity and historical value. Today, it stands as a symbol of resilience and the enduring message of peace and enlightenment.

Visiting the Ashokan Pillar offers a unique opportunity to connect with the ancient roots of Buddhism and witness a tangible link to the past. It allows individuals to reflect on the profound impact of Buddhism on human history and appreciate the architectural and artistic achievements of the ancient world.

Furthermore, the Ashokan Pillar serves as a meeting point for people of different cultures and religions. It attracts visitors from all over the world, creating a sense of unity and shared admiration for the teachings of Buddha. It serves as a reminder that despite our diverse backgrounds, we can find common ground in our pursuit of peace, compassion, and spiritual understanding.

The Ashokan Pillar stands as an enduring symbol of Lumbini’s historical significance and the global impact of Buddhism. Its presence invites visitors to witness the grandeur of the past and embrace the teachings of Buddha, inspiring a sense of awe and reverence for the timeless wisdom that continues to resonate in the present day.

Eternal Peace Flame

The Eternal Peace Flame is a powerful symbol of peace and unity located within the sacred grounds of Lumbini. The flame, which continuously burns, serves as a reminder of the universal desire for harmony and the eradication of suffering.

The Eternal Peace Flame at Lumbini was established at the initiative of the international Buddhist community. It represents the collective aspiration for a world free from conflict and turmoil, where compassion and understanding prevail. It serves as a beacon of hope, inspiring individuals to strive for peace in their own lives and in the world around them.

The flame itself holds deep spiritual significance, representing the eternal nature of the human spirit and the unquenchable longing for harmony. Just as the physical flame cannot be extinguished, the aspiration for peace burns eternally in the hearts of people from all walks of life.

Visitors to the Eternal Peace Flame are often struck by the mesmerizing dance of the flames and the tranquil ambiance surrounding it. The flame’s presence invites contemplation and introspection, allowing individuals to reflect on their own roles in fostering peace and unity.

The Eternal Peace Flame serves as a gathering point for individuals of different cultures, religions, and beliefs. It brings people together in a shared commitment to promoting understanding, tolerance, and reconciliation. It is a place where diverse voices can be heard, and where the common threads of humanity are celebrated.

Throughout the year, special events and ceremonies are held at the site of the Eternal Peace Flame, attracting people from around the world. These gatherings serve as platforms for dialogue, cultural exchange, and the promotion of peacebuilding initiatives. They offer a space for individuals and communities to come together, reaffirming their commitment to creating a more peaceful and compassionate world.

Visiting the Eternal Peace Flame is not just a physical journey; it is a spiritual and emotional experience that connects individuals to a larger collective aspiration for global harmony. It encourages personal reflection and calls upon individuals to examine their own actions, attitudes, and contributions to peace.

The Eternal Peace Flame at Lumbini serves as a powerful reminder that peace is not an abstract concept, but a living flame that dwells within each of us. It calls upon individuals to nurture that flame, to make choices that promote peace, and to work towards a world where compassion, understanding, and justice prevail.

As visitors stand before the Eternal Peace Flame and witness its radiant glow, they are reminded of their own capacity to ignite positive change and contribute to a more peaceful and harmonious world. It is a symbol of hope, resilience, and the shared vision for a brighter future for humanity.

Lumbini Museum

The Lumbini Museum is a captivating treasure trove of artifacts, statues, and historical relics that provide a deeper understanding of the rich history and significance of Lumbini. Located within the sacred complex of Lumbini, the museum offers visitors the opportunity to explore the ancient roots of Buddhism and delve into the life and teachings of Gautama Buddha.

Architecturally, the Lumbini Museum is designed in a modern and creative way, blending seamlessly with its surroundings. The museum building itself is a work of art, combining unique architectural elements with thoughtful exhibition spaces. Its sleek design creates a harmonious environment that complements the spiritual atmosphere of Lumbini.

Inside the museum, a vast collection of artifacts showcases the journey and teachings of Buddha. Visitors can marvel at intricately crafted statues, ancient manuscripts, and archaeological findings. These artifacts provide insights into the historical development of Buddhism and how it has influenced different cultures throughout the centuries.

The exhibits in the Lumbini Museum are organized in a chronological and thematic manner, allowing visitors to follow the life story of Buddha from his birth in Lumbini to his attainment of enlightenment and subsequent teachings. The displays are accompanied by informative signage and multimedia presentations, creating an immersive learning experience.

One of the highlights of the museum is the extensive collection of Buddha statues representing various artistic styles and periods. These statues reflect the diversity and creativity of Buddhist art, showcasing the profound impact Buddhism has had on the artistic expressions of different cultures.

Besides the historical artifacts, the museum also offers educational programs and interactive displays. Visitors can participate in workshops, lectures, and guided tours to deepen their understanding of Buddhism and its cultural significance.

Through its exhibits and educational initiatives, the Lumbini Museum acts as a bridge between the past and the present, connecting visitors to the teachings of Buddha and inspiring a sense of reverence and admiration for the profound wisdom encapsulated in Buddhism.

A visit to the Lumbini Museum is a journey of discovery that encourages contemplation, reflection, and a deeper understanding of the historical and spiritual importance of Lumbini. It is a place where visitors can broaden their knowledge of Buddhism, appreciate its impact on human history, and gain insight into the universal teachings of compassion and peace.

Ultimately, the Lumbini Museum invites visitors to embark on a profound and transformative exploration of the ancient origins and enduring legacy of Buddhism, fostering a greater appreciation for the values of peace, enlightenment, and spiritual growth.

Monasteries in Lumbini

Lumbini is renowned for its diverse collection of monasteries, each representing a different country and Buddhist tradition. These monasteries serve as cultural and spiritual hubs, offering a glimpse into the architectural and cultural heritage of various nations. Each monastery is unique in its design, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of the country it represents.

As you explore the monasteries in Lumbini, you will be amazed by the intricate architectural details and the harmonious blend of traditional and contemporary elements. The monasteries are not only places of worship but also cultural and educational centers, where visitors can learn about the different Buddhist traditions and engage in spiritual practices.

One of the most striking monasteries is the Thai Monastery, with its golden spires and vibrant colors that evoke a sense of grandeur. The Thai Monastery is a visual feast, with intricately carved wooden structures and exquisite craftsmanship. Inside, visitors can find beautifully adorned halls for meditation and worship, adorned with ornate decorations.

The Chinese Monastery is another architectural gem, designed in the style of traditional Chinese architecture. With its ornate roof, intricate woodwork, and serene courtyards, the Chinese Monastery exudes a sense of tranquility and elegance. It showcases the rich cultural heritage of China and provides visitors with an immersive experience of Chinese Buddhist traditions.

The Tibetan Monastery is a reflection of Tibetan architecture and culture. Its vibrant prayer flags flutter in the wind, creating a serene and peaceful ambiance. Inside the monastery, visitors can find intricately painted murals, prayer wheels, and statues of Tibetan Buddhist deities. The Tibetan Monastery serves as a space for prayer, meditation, and the preservation of Tibetan Buddhist teachings.

Other monasteries in Lumbini include the Japanese Monastery, the Korean Monastery, the Sri Lankan Monastery, and many more. Each monastery offers a unique cultural experience, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the diverse traditions and practices of Buddhism.

Exploring these monasteries provides an opportunity to witness the devotion and spirituality of Buddhism from around the world. You can interact with the resident monks and nuns, participate in chanting or meditation sessions, and gain insight into their way of life.

Visiting the monasteries in Lumbini is not only a cultural and architectural experience but also a spiritual one. It offers a chance to deepen one’s understanding of Buddhism and appreciate the diversity and unity of Buddhist practice across different cultures and countries.

Whether you are a Buddhist devotee, a cultural enthusiast, or simply seeking a serene and contemplative environment, the monasteries of Lumbini invite you to explore their captivating beauty, engage in spiritual practices, and embrace the rich heritage of Buddhism.

Cultural and Religious Festivals in Lumbini

Lumbini is not only a place of spiritual significance but also a hub of cultural and religious festivities. Throughout the year, various festivals and events are celebrated in Lumbini, bringing together people from different cultures and faiths. These festivals offer a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the vibrant tapestry of traditions and celebrations. Here are some of the cultural and religious festivals that take place in Lumbini:

Vesak: Vesak, also known as Buddha Purnima, is one of the most important Buddhist festivals celebrated in Lumbini. It commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and passing away of Gautama Buddha. Devotees gather at Lumbini to participate in prayer ceremonies, meditation sessions, and processions. The celebration is marked by colorful decorations, chanting of Buddhist scriptures, and the lighting of lamps and candles.

Losar: Losar is the Tibetan New Year celebrated by the Tibetan community in Lumbini. It is a vibrant and joyous festival filled with music, dance, and traditional rituals. The celebration involves the offering of prayers, the lighting of butter lamps, and the exchange of well wishes and gifts. Losar provides a glimpse into the unique Tibetan culture and its deep-rooted spiritual traditions.

Maghe Sankranti: Maghe Sankranti is a festival celebrated by the Nepali community in Lumbini to mark the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn. The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm, with people taking ritual baths in sacred rivers, offering prayers to deities, and feasting on traditional Nepali delicacies. Maghe Sankranti is a time of joy, togetherness, and renewal.

Christmas: While Lumbini is primarily associated with Buddhism, Christmas is also celebrated by the Christian community in Lumbini. The festivities include midnight Mass, carol singing, and the display of nativity scenes. It is a time when locals and visitors come together to celebrate the birth of Jesus and to spread messages of love, compassion, and peace.

International Buddhist Conferences and Events: Lumbini also hosts international Buddhist conferences and events that attract scholars, practitioners, and enthusiasts from around the world. These events feature talks, panel discussions, workshops, and interactions to deepen the understanding of Buddhist teachings and foster dialogue among different Buddhist traditions and cultures.

The cultural and religious festivals in Lumbini not only celebrate the rich heritage and diversity of Buddhism but also provide a platform for interfaith dialogue, cultural exchange, and the promotion of peace and harmony. They offer a glimpse into the vibrant tapestry of traditions, colors, and celebrations that make Lumbini a truly enchanting and culturally rich destination.

Visiting Lumbini during these festivals allows you to witness the spiritual devotion, cultural expressions, and the sense of unity that permeates the air. It provides an opportunity to join in the celebrations, learn about different traditions, and embrace the universal messages of love, compassion, and peace that these festivals promote.

Exploring Lumbini’s Surroundings

Lumbini is not just a sacred site, but also a gateway to exploring the natural and cultural beauty of its surrounding areas. While Lumbini itself offers a wealth of historical and spiritual attractions, venturing further afield allows you to discover the diverse landscapes and cultural heritage that make Nepal a captivating destination. Here are some of the enchanting places you can explore near Lumbini:

Kapilvastu: Located about 27 km from Lumbini, Kapilvastu is an ancient city with deep historical significance. According to Buddhist scriptures, Kapilvastu was the capital city of the Shakya kingdom, where Siddhartha Gautama spent his early years. The site features ruins of ancient palaces, monasteries, and stupas, allowing visitors to step back in time and connect with the roots of Buddhism.

Tilaurakot: Situated near Kapilvastu, Tilaurakot is believed to be the exact location where Siddhartha Gautama grew up within the confines of his father’s palace. The area contains archaeological remains and ruins that offer insights into the ancient Shakya civilization. Exploring the site provides a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in the historical context of Buddha’s early life.

Nawalparasi: Just a short distance from Lumbini, Nawalparasi is a district known for its natural beauty. The district is home to the picturesque Chitwan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its rich biodiversity and wildlife. Embark on a safari, and you may spot majestic Bengal tigers, one-horned rhinos, elephants, and a variety of bird species in their natural habitat.

Devdaha: Devdaha, located about 35 km from Lumbini, is believed to be the maternal hometown of Queen Mayadevi and the place where Siddhartha Gautama’s wife, Princess Yasodhara, lived. Explore the ancient ruins, visit the Devdaha Museum, and immerse yourself in the history and legends associated with Buddha’s family and his early life.

Pokhara: While slightly further away from Lumbini, the scenic city of Pokhara is worth a visit. It is nestled in the foothills of the Annapurna mountain range and offers breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks, tranquil lakes, and cascading waterfalls. Admire the serene beauty of Phewa Lake, hike to the World Peace Pagoda, or go paragliding for an adrenaline rush in this adventurer’s paradise.

Tansen: Tansen, located in Palpa district, is a charming hill town known for its ancient architecture and panoramic views. Explore the narrow cobbled streets, visit the historic Tansen Durbar, and immerse yourself in the rich Newari culture. The town also offers an excellent vantage point to witness mesmerizing sunrise and sunset views over the surrounding hills.

Exploring the surroundings of Lumbini provides a well-rounded experience that combines spirituality, history, and natural beauty. These neighboring destinations offer diverse attractions, allowing you to venture beyond the sacred grounds of Lumbini and embrace the cultural and geographical wonders that Nepal has to offer.

As you embark on these excursions, you will gain an even deeper appreciation for the historical roots, natural splendor, and cultural tapestry that surround Lumbini, making your visit to this sacred site even more enriching and memorable.

Lumbini holds a unique and profound significance as the birthplace of Buddha, a timeless spiritual figure who has inspired millions around the world. The journey to Lumbini offers an opportunity to delve into the historical roots of Buddhism, explore magnificent architectural wonders, and immerse oneself in the tranquility of its sacred grounds.

From the moment you set foot in Lumbini, you will be captivated by its serene ambiance, where lush gardens, peaceful ponds, and ancient monuments create an atmosphere of peace and introspection. The Mayadevi Temple and the Ashokan Pillar stand as testaments to the historical events that unfolded here, allowing visitors to connect with Buddha’s transformative journey from birth to enlightenment.

Moreover, Lumbini is not just a site for religious pilgrimage; it is a place that fosters interfaith harmony and cultural understanding. The monasteries representing different countries and Buddhist traditions showcase the vibrant diversity of Buddhism and invite visitors to explore the cultural heritage associated with each nation.

As you wander through the Sacred Garden and visit the Lumbini Museum, you will gain a deeper understanding of the teachings of Buddha and the impact of Buddhism on human history. The Eternal Peace Flame serves as a reminder of the universal desire for peace and the shared responsibility to cultivate compassion in our lives.

Beyond Lumbini, the surrounding areas offer a wealth of exploration opportunities. Kapilvastu and Tilaurakot allow you to connect with the historical context of Buddha’s early life, while Pokhara and Chitwan National Park showcase the natural beauty of Nepal. Each excursion from Lumbini offers a chance to uncover more layers of Nepal’s cultural richness and natural splendor.

In conclusion, a visit to Lumbini is a journey of contemplation, spirituality, and cultural discovery. It is a place where the ancient and the modern converge, where devotees and visitors from diverse backgrounds come together to pay homage, seek enlightenment, and embrace the teachings of peace and compassion. Whether you are a devout Buddhist, a history enthusiast, or a curious traveler, Lumbini offers a transformative experience that will leave an indelible mark on your spiritual and cultural explorations.

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The Asoka Pillar

The Asoka Pillar was erected here in Lumbini by the Emperor Asoka in 249 BC to mark the birthplace of Lord Sakyamuni Buddha and to commemorate his visit to Lumbini. The Asoka inscription engraved in Brahmi script and Pali language attests Lumbini to be the birthplace of Lord Sakyamuni Buddha.

The Asoka Pillar bears the first epigraphic evidence with reference to the birthplace of Lord Sakyamuni Buddha. The text written in Brahmi script and Pali language is translated as follows:

“King Piyadasi (Asoka) the beloved of the Gods, in the twentieth year of his reign, himself made a royal visit. Sakyamuni Buddha was born here, therefore the (birth spot) marker stone was worshipped and a stone pillar was erected. The lord having been born here, the tax of the Lumbini village reduced to the eight part (only) ”.

Erection of this Pillar in Lumbini by Emperor Asoka was also described by early Chinese travelers including Hiuen Tsang (636 AD) and Fa-hsien (399-413 AD). In 1312 AD, Ripu Malla, the king 40 of western Nepal paid homage to Lumbini and engraved the following words: Om Mani Padme Hum Ripu Malla Chiran Jayatu on the eastern side of the upper part of the pillar.

The pillar, which was lost in the bush after the visit of Ripu Malla was rediscovered by Dr. A. A. Fuhrer and General Khadga Shumsher JBR during the excavation carried out on December 1, 1896. The pillar is a conglomerate made up of sandstone and sedimentary rock. The excavation work by Indian archaeologist Mrs. Debala Mitra confirmed that the pillar has a Mauryan polish typical of finished stone from a quarry in the neighborhood of Chunar (near Varanasi, U. P. India). The pillar when first erected was about 40 feet long, and originally had three parts: (i) the monolithic pillar, (ii) a lotus bracket, and (iii) a crowning figure, which was possibly a horse. The present monolithic pillar is 30 feet 10.5 inches (9.41m) long. The middle part of the pillar ‘lotus bracket’ is recently placed on a raised brick platform near the pillar. As mentioned by Hiuen Tsang, the crowning part of the pillar was a horse image, which unfortunately is still missing. 

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Lumbini The Birthplace of Buddha

 Lumbini the Birthplace of Buddha, is in western Nepal and resides in the hearts of millions of Buddhists worldwide. Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, Lumbini is a revered pilgrimage site and a UNESCO World Heritage Site of Nepal. This destination symbolizes a vast spiritual knowledge, rich historical legacy, ancient rules, and an environment that attracts both tourists and spiritual seekers around the globe at the same time. Let us explore on a journey of the holy place Lumbini, which symbolizes the birth of Buddhism and his wisdom.

Table of Contents

Birthplace of Gautama Buddha:

Lumbini is the holy spirit birthplace of baby Siddhartha Gautam, who later became known as Gautama Buddha. According to Nepalese history, Queen Maya Devi, his mother, gave birth to him under a Sal Tree in the beautiful gardens of Lumbini in the 6th century BC. As he was born into a Royal family, though his nature is different in Kindness and wisdom, after seeing the real life of a countryman, he thought, why do people die? Why they don’t have to eat, why are they poor, and much more…. Finally, he went to India Gaya and got his enlightenment.

Historical Significance for Buddhism:

Lumbini holds one of the world’s historical significance for Buddhism. It was where Gautama Buddha spent his early years before becoming a spiritual wisdom teacher. The teachings and philosophy that emerged from his enlightenment have profoundly impacted the world and those who believe in their education. Lumbini stands in a popular place in the universe because of the spiritual leader’s birth and his philosophy of Buddhism, and he serves as a source of inspiration and countless followers in almost every country.

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Some of the Historic and new places in Lumbini:

Lumbini maya devi temple:.

Lumbini Maya Devi Temple is a famous pilgrimage site in Lumbini. It is known as the native place of Baby Buddha, who later became the Buddha. Lumbini is home to various sacred sites, including the Maya Devi Temple. This temple is where Queen Maya Devi gave birth to Prince Siddhartha. The temple is a significant place of worship for Buddhists and attracts thousands of visitors yearly.

Ashok Stamba:

Ashok Stamba, also known as the Ashoka Pillar, is a historical monument in Lumbini. The name came from Emperor Ashoka, who ruled over the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BC. The pillar height is about 6 meters and polished with sandstone—Ashoka’s visit to Lumbini and his reverence for Lord Buddha. The Ashok Stamba reflects the symbol of Ashoka’s commitment to Buddhism and his efforts to spread its teachings of Buddhism and its wisdom. It attracts tourists and pilgrims worldwide who witness this remarkable history and priceless blessings.

Lumbini Airport at Bhairahawa

Gautam Buddha International Airport, located in Bhairahawa, is called Lumbini Airport. It is the second international airport in the country and serves as a gateway to the popular tourist destination of Lumbini, the Buddha birthplace of Gautam Buddha. Sidharthan Nagar Airport is a single runway and can handle domestic and international flights from various countries. The new Bhairahawa airport has modern facilities and state-of-the-art technology to ensure a smooth travel experience for passengers. The airport plays a crucial role in promoting tourism and facilitating economic growth in the region. There are internal flights from Hong Kong and the Middle East countries that are planning to extend to other countries over time.

Cultural Significance of Lumbini

It is not only a place of religious reflection but also a cultural heritage. The site attracts visitors from all over the world, fostering cultural exchange and understanding. As you explore Lumbini, you will encounter diverse people from different countries and beliefs, including Buddhist monks, pilgrims, scholars, curious travelers, students, and peace seekers.

Lumbini also hosts the annual Buddha Jayanti festival, the birth and death of Buddha. During this celebration, devotees worldwide gather to participate in religious processions, prayer services, and cultural performances. This kind of event plays a vital role in the renewal, cultural exchange, and dissemination of Buddhist teachings and in recognizing the historical and cultural significance of Lumbini.

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Pilgrimage Site for Buddhists Worldwide:

For Buddhists, traveling to Lumbini and meeting seniors is an essential part of their spiritual journey to learn. Devotees from all over the world travel to Lumbini to pay homage to the birthplace of Gautama Buddha. The pilgrimage holds immense religious and cultural significance and is fostering a sense of unity among Buddhist communities Peacefully.

Buddha Born in Nepal Slogan

Buddha, who led the Monk and spread around the universe, was born in Nepal. This fact is widely recognized and celebrated by the people of Nepal. The slogan “Buddha born Nepal” is a powerful reminder of Nepal’s rich cultural and religious heritage. It highlights the reflection of Nepal as the birthplace of one of the world’s most excellent spiritual teachers. The slogan promotes Nepal’s connection to Buddhism, attracting tourists and pilgrims worldwide. It is a pride for all the Nepalese people for their country’s association with Buddha’s birth.

UNESCO World Heritage Site:

Recognizing the place that reflects the world’s cultural and historical significance, Lumbini was a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This prestigious status ensures the preservation and protection of the site, allowing future generations to experience the profound heritage associated with Buddhism. Visitors can feel a deep sense of tranquility walking through the sacred gardens and ancient ruins. The tranquil environment provides a conducive atmosphere for meditation, reflection, and self-discovery- the primary way they start to know themselves first.

Ancient Ruins and Archaeological Sites:

Lumbini has a rich archaeological heritage, with numerous ancient historic monuments. The remains of ancient monasteries, stupas, and pillars offer glimpses into the region’s glorious past. The Ashoka Pillar, erected by the great Mauryan Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BC, stands as a testament to Lumbini’s historical significance without any doubt. It will be more touch and feeling if someone goes and feels it personally there.

The historic Sacred Garden with Bodhi Tree is genuinely remarkable.

At the heart of Lumbini lies the sacred garden, which encompasses the precise point where Gautama Buddha was born. The park is adorned with prayer flags, colorful flowers, and statues, creating a serene atmosphere. The garden contains the consecrated Bodhi tree, a relative of the first tree where Buddha achieved enlightenment in Bodh Gaya. This tree symbolizes spiritual awakening and holds great significance in the transformative journey.

What else Lumbini attract?

Attracts tourists and spiritual seekers:.

Beyond its religious significance, Lumbini also attracts tourists from all walks of life. The combination of historical sites, serene surroundings, and spiritual ambiance makes it a captivating destination for those seeking cultural enrichment and personal growth from wisdom and knowledge. Visitors can explore the ancient way, engage with local communities, and immerse themselves in the teachings of Buddhism. In this modern society, everyone gets frustrated seeing crowds, pollution, accidents, fighting, and an unbalanced organization run only for money; stopping seeing these and melting on Buddhas, teaching gives profound vibes in my mind and makes life much better than expected.

Attract those who learn Buddhism and follow (Buddha Gyan)

Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha, is a captivating destination that draws in individuals seeking to deepen their understanding of Buddha’s teachings. The rich historical and spiritual significance of Lumbini makes it a prime location for those eager to learn and absorb Buddha’s wisdom. With its serene ambiance and sacred sites, Lumbini offers a profound experience that inspires visitors. 

Symbolizes the Birth of Buddhism It’s true, and the Lumbini’s essence lies in its symbolic representation of the birth of Buddhism. It is a place where one can connect with the roots of a profound spiritual tradition that has shaped the lives of millions. Lumbini serves as a beacon of peace, compassion, and enlightenment, inviting visitors to embark on their journeys of self-discovery. Place name connects to the solid bond for someone’s birthplace; Lumbini may be at the top rank.

Your stay in the Lumbini Hotel, explore more while you are there.

You can select various hotels in Lumbini based on your budget and requirements. Some options include Hotel Lumbini, New Crystal, Hotel Nansc, Mirage Inn, Hotel Nirvana, and Buddha Maya Garden Hotel. Prices range from $20 to over $100 per night, depending on the type of hotel. The place is generally safe. Be safe for yourself and your belongings because it is very near the border of India. Take a taxi to reach the Airport, arrange for a private transfer through your hotel, or use public transportation. It’s essential to check with your hotel or travel agencies for the most up-to-date information. Contact the hotel’s authorized person for any information you need to get the most accurate information possible.

Getting to Lumbini from GautamBuddha International Airport:

Gautam Buddha International Airport (located in Bhairahawa) is the closest airport to Lumbini, approximately 22-25 kilometers away. The best way to reach airport is to take a Taxi, or any shuttle bus available from the Airport to Lumbini would be another option. 

Note:  Always be aware of the weather of Lumbini and the Lumbini map to avoid missing anything. In summer, the boiling temperature ranges from mix over 40+, so what dress you use matters most—having a bottle of water with you all the time in summer. 

Conclusion:

Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, offers a unique blend of historical significance, spirituality, and natural beauty. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a pilgrimage destination for Buddhists worldwide, it continues to inspire and captivate visitors from all corners of the globe. Whether you seek spiritual enlightenment, cultural exploration, or a serene escape, Lumbini invites you to experience the transformative power of Lumbini and the profound legacy it has left on our world.

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Suggestions, an unplanned visit to lumbini – the birth place of buddha.

That was the time why I don’t know just wanted to visit to Lumbini. So I went to Sundhara and booked a bus ticket to visit Lumbini. And I booked a ticket for the next day. The travel time was a bit early in the morning at 7 am. The ticket was booked without any plan; so I bought little things which I need to bring with me such as prayers flags, incense, and some personal items. That was the first time I traveled to Lumbini with lots of feelings in my mind. Because I was born in a Buddhist family and my family follows Buddhism and Buddhist rituals.

The next day early in the morning me and my wife I went to Sundhara to catch the bus. We were there on time but the bus need to wait for 30 minutes more than their schedule; because a group of people was late and they called in booking counter to wait for them. The wait was over when they arrived therewith in a hustle then the bus left for Lumbini. Along the way also bus stopped a couple of times before crossing the Thankot checklist.

The bus stopped a few times for breakfast, lunch, and pipi break. And after around 10 hours we reached Lumbini. As an unplanned trip to Lumbini, we didn’t book a hotel so first; we look around for a hotel and we found a cheap and good hotel. We got there in the evening so that unable to visit inside the Lumbini. Therefore we walked around the roadside and eat dinner. But the most delicious food we ate was Pani Puri, usually, I don’t like it but that time I ate some.

The next day we woke up early in the morning and took a hot shower and then went into the Temple area. First, we went to Maya Devi Temple and visit the shrines nearby the Temple. Hung the prayers flag and burnt the incense and pray for good health and wealth for everyone in this universe. Indies the Lumbini development zone there are a lot of monasteries, stupas, and Bihar built by different nations and communities.   We visited all of them and that took a full day.

While we were visiting the Lumbini, I met a man and he told me about the Kapilvastu. Kapilvastu is the place where Shidharatha Gautam spent his childhood and adult life. And I felt we need to go there too so I booked a taxi and drove there. When we reached there we met a local guide and he guided us and show a lots of historical monuments. As well as giving us detailed information about that place. Which was really awesome and informative Thank you dear guide but I forgot his name.

That was my first unplanned visit to Lumbini and since then I visited Lumbini a couple of times. My next visit to Lumbini was during my tourist guide training and then again with my household; every time I go there I always felt very special because here was born the Lord Buddha. During my those visit to Lumbini, the most fascinating places are Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini Museum; and Kapilvastu.

There are other many monuments and places to see while a visit to Lumbini. Monuments like Ashoka Piller, World peace Pagoda, Lumbini Crane Sanctuary, and Buddhist Monasteries. And there is a fun part as well where visitors can enjoy the boat ride in the cannon. The recent structure of the Lumbini Development Zone was designed by the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange in 1978.

Lumbini is not only the pilgrimage side of Nepal it’s historically also very important. All the evidence found during the excavation shows that Buddha was born in Lumbini and Lumbini is in Nepal. In history, at different times different people visit Lumbini and they show the enormous Buddhist site there. And the Nepali rulers also visited Lumbini in their time.

Visit the birthplace of the lord Budhha for the Buddhist followers is very special. And that is the same for me as well. Everyone who follows Buddhist culture and tradition once in their life must visit Lumbini and Kapilvastu. Except for Nepal, there are other three must-visite places in India. They are Bouddha Gaya, where Siddhartha got enlightened. Saranath where Buddha gave his first teaching and Kushinagar where Buddha was dead. And I have the wish to visit those three places too in the future.

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