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Vaccination appointment for international travellers by institute of preventive medicine.

International Travellers can book an appointment with Institute of Preventive Medicine for vaccination for yellow fever, MMR, meningitis, etc. through online Vaccination Appointment for International Travellers (VAIT) system. Users can register for appointment, check status of appointment, check appointment details report and cancel appointments. Guidelines for travellers and immunization are given. Details related to VAIT requirements, service charges and working hours are also available.

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Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Covid-19 india as on : 26 april 2024, 08:00 ist (gmt+5:30) (↑↓ status change since yesterday).

• Active   738      ( ) --> 3574 --> Active 738 ( ) fff -->
• Discharged   44502384 Discharged 44502384
• Deaths   533585 Deaths 533585 -->

COVID-19 Vaccination as on : 26 April 2024, 08:00 IST (GMT+5:30)

Latest Updates

• 19.07.2023 Guidelines for International Arrivals (updated on 19th July 2023)
• 28.03.2023 Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult COVID-19 Patients (updated on 28th March 2023)
• 10.02.2023 Guidelines for International Arrivals (updated on 10th February 2023)
• 29.12.2022 Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 29th December 2022)
• 17.11.2022 List of Countries/Regions in respect of which primary vaccination schedule completion certificate is allowed to be considered (in context of guidelines for international arrivals updated on 2nd September 2022)
• 21.03.2022 Guidelines for Covid-19 Vaccination of Children Between 12-14 Years of Age
• 20.01.2022 Revised Comprehensive Guidelines for Management of COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents (below 18 years)
• 20.01.2022 Revised Guidelines for International Arrivals dated 20th January 2022

17.01.2022 Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult Covid-19 Patients (updated as on 17th January 2022)

COVID-19 Statewise Status (Click to expand)

• Travel Advisories
• Behavioural Health : Psycho-Social toll free helpline-08046110007
• Training Material
• States / Departments / Ministries
• Awareness Material
• Inspirational series on Healthcare Service Personnel
• 02.09.2022 Guidelines for International arrivals (updated on 2nd September 2022)
• 07.01.2022 Revised Guidelines for International Arrivals dated 7th January 2022
• 07.01.2022 List of Countries to be referred to in context of 'Guidelines for international arrivals' dated 7th January 2022
• 07.01.2022 Algorithm for revised guidelines for international arrivals_7th January 2022
• 30.11.2021 Guidelines for International Arrivals
• 30.11.2021 List of Countries to be referred to in context of 'Guidelines for international arrivals' dated 30th November 2021
• 30.11.2021 Algorithm for 'Guidelines for International Arrivals' (dated 30th November 2021)
• 28.11.2021 Guidelines for International Arrivals
• 28.11.2021 List of Countries to be referred to in context of 'Guidelines for international arrivals' dated 28th November 2021
• 28.11.2021 Algorithm for 'Guidelines for International Arrivals' (dated 28th November 2021)
• 13.11.2021 List of Countries to be referred to in context of 'Guidelines for international arrivals' dated 11th November 2021
• 11.11.2021 Guidelines for International Arrivals
• 11.11.2021 Algorithm for 'Guidelines for International Arrivals' (dated 11th November 2021)
• 20.10.2021 Guidelines for International Arrivals
• 20.10.2021 Algorithm for 'Guidelines for International Arrivals' (dated 20th October 2021)
• 06.09.2021 Addendum to Guidelines on International Arrivals dated 17th February 2021
• 25.08.2021 Guidelines for domestic travel (flight/train/ship/bus inter-state travel)
• 07.06.2021 Administration of Second Dose of Covishield Vaccine Prior to Prescribed Time Interval (after 28 days but before 84 days) to persons intending to undertake international travel for specific purposes
• 17.02.2021 Algorithm for international arrivals
• 17.02.2021 Guidelines for International Arrivals
• 30.01.2021 Extension of validity of Standard Operating Procedure for Epidemiological Surveillance & Response for the new variant of SARS-CoV-2
• 01.01.2021 SOP for the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of regulated resumption of limited flights originating from United Kingdom (UK) to India from 8th January 2021
• 22.12.2020 SOP for Surveillance and response for the new SARS Cov-2 variant
• 05.11.2020 Guidelines for international arrivals
• 02.08.2020 Revised guidelines for International Arrivals
• 24.05.2020 Guidelines for international arrivals
• 24.05.2020 Guidelines for domestic travel (air/train/inter-state bus travel)
• 20.03.2020 Instructions to all major and minor ports for dealing with(COVID-19)
• 19.03.2020 Additional Travel Advisory
• 18.03.2020 Standard Operating Procedure for Passenger Movement post Disembarkation
• 17.03.2020 Additional Travel Advisory
• 16.03.2020 Additional Travel Advisory
• 14.03.2020 Restrictions on International passenger traffic through Land Check Posts
• 13.03.2020 Restrictions on International passenger traffic through land check posts-COVID 19
• 11.03.2020 Consolidated Travel Advisory - 11 March 2020
• 11.03.2020 Visa restrictions issued by Bureau of Immigration (BOI) after meeting of GoM on COVID19 - 11 March 2020
• 11.03.2020 Decisions- High level Group of Ministers meeting to review current status and actions for prevention and management of COVID-19
• 10.03.2020 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for COVID-19 Management- International Cruise Ships at major Indian Ports
• 10.03.2020 Additional Travel Advisory
• 10.03.2020 Travel Advisory (Home Isolation)
• 06.03.2020 Travel Advisory
• 05.03.2020 Travel Advisory
• 03.03.2020 Travel and Visa restrictions related to COVID-19 in respect of Bureau of Immigration
• 02.03.2020 Travel Advisory
• 26.02.2020 Travel Advisory
• 05.02.2020 Travel Advisory
• 25.01.2020 Travel Advisory
• 17.01.2020 Travel Advisory
• 01.11.2020 Guidelines on Managing Mental Illness in Hospital Settings during COVID-19
• 31.07.2020 A/V on " Mental Health Matters..Let's Talk"
• 28.07.2020 COVID-19 Pandemic and Tobacco Use in India
• 15.07.2020 Caring for Health Care Warriors – Mental Health Support During COVID-19 (Jointly prepared by Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of Karnataka and National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru)
• 09.07.2020 Mental Health in the times of COVID-19 Pandemic - Guidance for General Medical and Specialised Mental Health Care Settings
• 18.06.2020 Video on Addressing Psychosocial Concerns of Healthcare Workers
• 20.04.2020 Audio Visual on Addressing Stigma Related to COVID-19
• 15.04.2020 Audio Visual on How to Safely Quit Tobacco During Lockdown (Hindi)
• 13.04.2020 Video on Yoga for Stress Management (Hindi)
• 11.04.2020 Video on meditation for stress management (English)
• 10.04.2020 Audio Visual on "How to Safely Stop Drinking During Lockdown
• 10.04.2020 Audio Visual on "Managing Mental Stress and Depression During Lockdown
• 10.04.2020 Video on Addressing Social Stigma Associated with COVID-19 (Hindi)
• 08.04.2020 Video on Addressing Social Stigma Associated with COVID-19
• 08.04.2020 Addressing Social Stigma Associated with COVID-19
• 08.04.2020 Video on Yoga for stress management (English)
• 08.04.2020 Video on meditation for stress management (Hindi)
• 05.04.2020 Lockdown to Knockdown COVID-19
• 05.04.2020 Lockdown to Knockdown COVID-19 - additional tips
• 01.04.2020 Taking care of mental health of children during COVID - 19
• 01.04.2020 Taking care of mental health of elderly during COVID -19
• 01.04.2020 Psychosocial issues among migrants during COVID-19
• 31.03.2020 Video on Practical tips to take care of your Mental Health during the Stay In
• 31.03.2020 Minding our minds during the COVID-19
• 28.03.2020 Various Health Experts on how to manage Mental health & Well Being during COVID-19 outbreak
• 27.03.2020 Dr. Shekhar P. Seshadri on 'Connecting with little ones during the COVID19 Lockdown- English
• 27.03.2020 Dr. Shekhar P. Seshadri on 'Connecting with little ones during the COVID19 Lockdown- Hindi
• 05.01.2022 Revised guidelines for Home Isolation of mild /asymptomatic COVID-19 cases
• 27.12.2021 Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination of Children between 15 to 18 years and Precaution Dose to HCWs, FLWs & 60+ population with co-morbidities
• 01.09.2021 FAQs on COVID-19 Vaccines & Vaccination Program
• 02.07.2021 Operational Guidance for COVID-19 Vaccination of Pregnant Women
• 08.06.2021 Revised Guidelines for implementation of National COVID Vaccination Program
• 27.05.2021 Guidelines on near to Home COVID Vaccination Centres for Elderly & Differently Abled Citizens
• 24.05.2021 Guidelines for Integration of Co-WIN with Third-party Applications Developed by Ecosystem Partners
• 06.05.2021 SOP for COVID-19 Vaccination of Persons without Prescribed Identity Cards
• 05.05.2021 Illustrated (Revised) Guidelines for Home Isolation of Mild / Asymptomatic COVID-19 Cases
• 29.04.2021 Revised guidelines for Home Isolation of mild /asymptomatic COVID-19 cases
• 29.04.2021 -->Protocol for Management of Covid - 19 in the Paediatric Age Group -->
• 23.04.2021 Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult Covid-19 Patients
• 22.04.2021 COVID 19 Proning for Self care
• 22.03.2021 FAQs on Co-WIN for Citizens
• 01.03.2021 Guidelines on Preventive Measures to Contain Spread of COVID-19 in Yoga Institutes & Gymnasiums
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures in Hotels and other Hospitality Units to contain spread of COVID-19
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures in Restaurants to contain spread of COVID-19
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures in shopping malls to contain spread of COVID-19
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures to be followed in Entertainment Parks
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in religious places and places of worship
• 01.03.2021 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in skill or entrepreneurship training institutions, higher educational institutions
• 28.02.2021 User Manual - Citizen Registration & Appointment for Vaccination Ver 1.1
• 28.02.2021 Guidance Note for Co-WIN 2.0
• 13.02.2021 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in offices
• 30.11.2020 SOP on preventive measures in markets to contain spread of COVID-19
• 08.10.2020 SOP on preventive measures to be followed in Entertainment Parks and similar places to contain spread of COVID-19
• 06.10.2020 Standard Operating Procedures on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 during festivities
• 13.09.2020 Post COVID management protocol
• 10.09.2020 Revised SOP on preventive measures to be followed while conducting examinations to contain spread of COVID-19
• 08.09.2020 SOP for partial reopening of Schools for students of 9th to 12th classes on a voluntary basis, for taking guidance from their teachers
• 08.09.2020 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in skill or entrepreneurship training institutions, higher educational institutions
• 02.09.2020 SOP on preventive measures to be followed while conducting examinations to contain spread of COVID-19
• 03.08.2020 Guidelines on Preventive Measures to Contain Spread of COVID-19 in Yoga Institutes & Gymnasiums
• 17.07.2020 Advisory for Gated Residential Complexes with regards to COVID-19
• 17.07.2020 Guidelines for Gated Residential Complexes Desirous of Setting Up Small Covid Care Facility by Resident Welfare Associations / Residential Societies / Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
• 13.07.2020 Fixation of rate for rt PCR Test for COVID-19 in respect of Central Services (Medical Attendance) beneficiaries
• 02.07.2020 Revised guidelines for Home Isolation of very mild/pre-symptomatic/asymptomatic COVID-19 cases
• 04.06.2020 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in offices
• 04.06.2020 SOP on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in religious places/places of worship
• 04.06.2020 SOP on preventive measures in Restaurants to contain spread of COVID-19
• 04.06.2020 SOP on preventive measures in shopping malls to contain spread of COVID-19
• 04.06.2020 SOP on preventive measures in Hotels and Other Hospitality Units to contain spread of COVID-19
• 18.05.2020 Guidelines on preventive measures to contain spread of COVID-19 in workplace settings
• 18.05.2020 Revised Strategy for COVlD-19 testing in lndia
• 10.05.2020 Revised guidelines for Home Isolation of very mild/pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases [Revised and reissued on 02.07.2020]
• 08.05.2020 Revised discharge policy for COVID-19
• 07.05.2020 Additional guidelines for quarantine of returnees from abroad / contacts / isolation of suspect or confirmed cases in private facilities
• 18.04.2020 Advisory against spraying of disinfectant on people for COVID-19 management
• 18.04.2020 EoI cum Bid Document for Procurement of Medical Oxygen Cylinder on urgent basis during COVID 19 situation
• 07.04.2020 Revised Guidelines for Dialysis of COVID – 19 patients
• 07.04.2020 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting COVID-19 - FAQs
• 07.04.2020 Ministry of AYUSH advise on immunity boosting measures for self care during COVID 19 crisis
• 05.04.2020 Guidelines for Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment/Diagnosis/ Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients
• 05.04.2020 Guidelines for Quarantine facilities COVID-19
• 03.04.2020 Advisory & Manual on use of Homemade Protective Cover for Face & Mouth
• 03.04.2020 DO Letter of Secretary, Ministry of Human Resource Development for Arogya Setu App, and Light Candle at 09:00 PM on 5 April 2020 for 9 Minute.
• 01.04.2020 Guidelines for Dialysis of COVID – 19 patients
• 30.03.2020 Order issued by the Government of NCT of Delhi Relating to Landlords, House Owners dated 24 March 2020
• 30.03.2020 Order issued by the Government of NCT of Delhi Relating to SOPs during Lock Down dated 24 March 2020
• 29.03.2020 Health Advisory for Elderly Population of India during COVID-19
• 29.03.2020 Guidelines on disinfection of common public places including offices
• 27.03.2020 Office Memorandum-CGHS-Reimbursement of OPD Medicines Special Sanction in view of COVID-19
• 27.03.2020 Office Order-CGHS-Guidelines in view of the Corona Virus (COVID-19) Infection-issue of medicines
• 27.03.2020 Office Order-CGHS-Guidelines in View of COVID-19
• 26.03.2020 Gazette Notification - Hydroxychloroquine now a schedule H1 drug, can be sold on prescription only
• 26.03.2020 Press Note on Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojna package from Ministry of Finance
• 16.03.2020 Advisory - Social Distancing
• 15.03.2020 Guidelines on Dead Body Management
• 11.03.2020 Guidelines for home quarantine
• 11.03.2020 Guidelines on use of masks by public
• 05.03.2020 Advisory - Mass Gatherings
• 17.01.2022 Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult Covid-19 Patients (updated as on 17th January 2022) -->
• 09.01.2022 Revised Advisory for managing Health Care Workers (HCWs) working in COVID and Non-COVID areas of the Health Care Facilities (updated on 9th January 2022)
• 09.01.2022 Revised Discharge Policy for COVID-19 (updated on 9th January 2022)
• 24.12.2021 COVID Management Guidance for adults
• 21.10.2021 National Comprehensive Guidelines for Management of Post-Covid Sequelae
• 29.09.2021 National Guidelines for Safe Dental Practice During Covid-19 pandemi
• 17.08.2021 Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 In India: Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) (Updated guidelines and SOPs)
• 18.06.2021 Guidelines for Management of COVID-19 in Children
• 07.06.2021 Advisory for Rational use of Remdesivir for COVID-19 Treatment
• 01.06.2021 Clinical Guidance on Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes at COVID-19 Patient Management facility
• 24.05.2021 Updated Detailed Clinical Management Protocol for adult cases of COVID19
• 19.05.2021 Revised COVID-19 Clinical Management Protocol Algorithm (Adults)
• 16.05.2021 SOP on COVID-19 Containment & Management in Peri-urban, Rural & Tribal areas
• 03.05.2021 Renewal of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Insurance Scheme for Health Workers fighting COVID-19 w.e.f. 24.04.2021 for a further period of 180 days
• 23.04.2021 -->Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult Covid-19 Patients -->
• 27.02.2021 List of CGHS empanelled Hospitals that can be used by States/ UTs as Covid-19 vaccination centres
• 27.02.2021 List of Ayushman Bharat PMJAY empanelled Hospitals that can be used by States/ UTs as Covid-19 vaccination centres
• 28.12.2020 Guidelines on Safe Ophthalmology Practices in Covid-19 Scenario
• 13.10.2020 Guidelines for management of co-infection of COVID-19 with other seasonal epidemic prone diseases
• 04.09.2020 Advisory on Strategy for COVID-19 Testing in India
• 01.09.2020 FAQs on COVID-19 from AIIMS e-ICUs
• 26.08.2020 Guidance note on bi-directional TB-COVID screening
• 26.08.2020 Clinical Guidance on Diabetes Management at COVID-19 Patient Management Facility
• 19.08.2020 Guidelines for eye care facilities in the COVID-19 scenario
• 07.08.2020 Extension of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package : Insurance Health Workers fighting COVID-19 for a further period of 90 days beyond the original period
• 03.07.2020 -->Updated Clinical Management Protocol for COVID-19 -->
• 02.07.2020 -->Revised guidelines for Home Isolation of very mild/pre-symptomatic/asymptomatic COVID-19 cases
• 29.06.2020 Second Interim National Guidance to Blood Transfusion Services in India in light of Covid-19 pandemic, 25th June 2020
• 27.06.2020 Clinical Management Protocol for COVID-19 [Updated on 03.07.2020]
• 18.06.2020 Updated Advisory for managing Health care workers working in COVID and Non-COVID areas of the hospital
• 13.06.2020 Clinical Management Protocol for COVID-19 [Revised and reissued on 27.06.2020]
• 03.06.2020 Guidelines for safe ENT practice in COVID-19
• 27.05.2020 Advisory on re-processing and re-use of eye protection - Goggles
• 27.05.2020 Guidance note on Essential RMNCAH+N Services during and post COVID
• 22.05.2020 Revised advisory on the use of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as prophylaxis for COVID-19 infection
• 21.05.2020 Guidance note for Immunization services during and post COVID outbreak
• 20.05.2020 "List of manufacturers of PPE coveralls who have been approved by accredited testing facilities is available on the Ministry of Textiles website at the following URL " https://texmin.nic.in/covid/certificates.php
• 19.05.2020 Guidelines for Dental Professionals in Covid-19 situation
• 15.05.2020 -->Advisory for managing Health care workers working in COVID and Non-COVID areas of the hospital [Revised and reissued on 18.06.2020]
• 15.05.2020 Updated Additional guidelines on rational use of Personal Protective Equipment (setting approach for Health functionaries working in non-COVID areas)
• 14.05.2020 Guidelines for RT-PCR based Pooled Sampling
• 11.05.2020 District level Facility based surveillance for COVID-19
• 10.05.2020 Updated Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Revised Discharge Policy
• 08.05.2020 Updated Revised discharge policy for COVID-19
• 01.05.2020 Additional guidelines on rational use of Personal Protective Equipment (setting approach for Health functionaries working in non-COVID areas) [Reissued on 15 th May 2020]
• 20.04.2020 Guidelines to be followed on detection of suspect or confirmed COVID-19 case in a non-COVID Health Facility
• 18.04.2020 Modification in Medicine List in Telemedicine Practice Guidelines
• 17.04.2020 Guidelines issued by ICMR for Rapid antibody test' in Hotspot Area'
• 15.04.2020 Advisory for personal use of N95 masks issued to all healthcare workers by AIIMS, New Delhi Hindi
• 15.04.2020 Advisory for personal use of N95 masks issued to all healthcare workers by AIIMS, New Delhi English
• 14.04.2020 Advisory on feasibility of using pooled samples for molecular testing of COVID-19 by ICMR
• 11.04.2020 Video for Insurance coverage for our Health workers - Caring for those who are taking care of the nation
• 11.04.2020 Insurance coverage for our Health workers - Caring for those who are taking care of the nation (GIF)
• 09.04.2020 COVID-19 & Pregnancy & Labour Management
• 09.04.2020 Advisory for Voluntary Blood Donation during COVID- 19 scenario
• 08.04.2020 Video on use of PPE in different areas of the hospital
• 07.04.2020 Guidance document on appropriate management of suspect/confirmed cases of COVID-19 - Types of Covid-19 dedicated facilities
• 05-04-2020 Advisory & Strategy for Use of Rapid Antibody Based Blood Test
• 01-04-2020 Guidelines for Dialysis of COVID – 19 patients
• 31-03-2020 Revised National Clinical Management Guidelines for COVID-19
• 31-03-2020 Essential Technical Features for Ventilator for COVID-19
• 29-03-2020 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for transporting a suspect/confirmed case of COVID-19
• 27-03-2020 SOP for allocation of Residents/PG Students and Nursing Students as part of hospital management of COVID-19
• 27-03-2020 Office Memorandum-CGHS-Reimbursement of OPD Medicines Special Sanction in view of COVID-19
• 27-03-2020 Office Order-CGHS-Guidelines in view of the Corona Virus (COVID-19) Infection-issue of medicines
• 27-03-2020 Office Order-CGHS-Guidelines in View of COVID-19
• 26-03-2020 Gazette Notification - Hydroxychloroquine now a schedule H1 drug, can be sold on prescription only
• 26-03-2020 Webinar schedule of COVID-19 of AIIMS New Delhi
• 26-03-2020 Doorstep Delivery of Drugs to Consumers
• 25-03-2020 Telemedicine Practice Guidelines
• 24-03-2020 Letter from Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution to States to take appropriate measures to ensure the availability of Ethyl Alcohol/Ethanol/ENA to the manufacturers of hand sanitizers in order to contain Corona Virus COVID- l9
• 24-03-2020 Guidelines on rational use of Personal Protective Equipment
• 23-03-2020 Advisory on the use of Hydroxy-chloroquin as prophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 infection [Revised guidelines issued on 22.05.2020]
• 22-03-2020 Notification of ICMR guidelines for COVID-19 testing in private laboratories in India
• 20-03-2020 Advisory for Hospitals and Medical Institutions
• 17-03-2020 Latest Testing Guidelines of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
• 17-03-2020 Guidelines for notifying COVID-19 affected persons by Private Institutions
• 17-03-2020 Discharge policy for suspect or confirmed Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases
• 17-03-2020 Updated Guidelines on Clinical Management of COVID-19 (Repealed on 31st March 2020)
• 15-03-2020 SOP for Mock Drill on 22nd March 2020 for Hospital Preparedness
• 15-03-2020 Revised Guidelines/Strategy for COVID-19 testing by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
• 15-03-2020 Guidelines on Dead Body Management
• 09-03-2020 ICMR strategy for COVID-19 testing in India
• 25-01-2020 Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Facilities
• 24-01-2020 Guidance for sample Collection, Packaging and Transportation for Novel Coronavirus
• 09.06.2022 Operational Guidelines for Revised Surveillance Strategy in context of COVID-19
• 24.11.2021 Guideline for the Provision of FP services during and post COVID-19 Pandemic
• 30-12-2020 COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Strategy
• 28-12-2020 COVID-19 vaccines operational guidelines
• 27-12-2020 Document for Genomic sequencing in India
• 21-05-2020 Webinar Series on Obstetric Care during COVID-19
• 22-04-2020 Onboarding of States / Union Territories' COVID-19 Warriors to iGoT (Integrated Government Online Training) courses on DIKSHA Platform on COVID-19 pandemic
• 19-04-2020 Webinar on Mechanical Ventilation for physicians by AIIMS, New Delhi
• 16-04-2020 Webinar schedule for training of Physicians officers on COVID-19 and Mechanical Ventilation by AIIMS New Delhi
• 13-04-2020 iGOT (Integrated Govt. Online Training) courses on DIKSHA platform on COVID-19 pandemic
• 11-04-2020 Second COVID Webinar Series for Nurses by AIIMS New Delhi
• 07-04-2020 Webinar on COVID-19 and Management of Pregnancy
• 07-04-2020 iGOT Training Modules for COVID-19 Management
• 07-04-2020 Ayush master trainers Training by Ministry of Ayush
• 06-04-2020 Updated List of Training Resources for COVID - 19 Management
• 02-04-2020 Webinar schedule for training of Physicians officers on COVID-19 by AIIMS New Delhi
• 02-04-2020 Revised Webinar schedule for training of Nursing officers on COVID-19 by AIIMS New Delhi
• 02-04-2020 Video on Training for Ventilatory Support for COVID-19
• 02-04-2020 Advisory for Human Resource Management of COVID-19
• 31-03-2020 Training for Nursing Personnel
• 31-03-2020 Revised Webinar schedule of COVID-19 of AIIMS New Delhi
• 30-03-2020 Training Resources
• 30-03-2020 Webinar series for Epidemiology, Infection Control, Clinical Management and Nursing of COVID-19 by AIIMS New Delhi
• 28-03-2020 Webinar schedule for Nursing officers training of COVID-19 in AIIMS New Delhi
• 21.02.2022 Public Notice regarding Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project(P173836)
• 03.12.2021 FAQs on SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Omicron
• 05.10.2021 Guidelines on Operationalization of Maternal Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic
• 16.06.2021 Guidelines on Operationalisation of COVID care services for children and adolescents
• 03.05.2021 Augmenting Human Resources for Covid-19
• 23.04.2021 --> Clinical Guidance for Management of Adult Covid-19 Patients -->
• 21.04.2021 Liberalised Pricing and Accelerated National Covid-19 Vaccination Strategy
• 07.04.2021 Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination at WorkPlace
• 02.04.2021 Guidelines for COVID Vaccine Payment to NHA
• 18.01.2021 Implementation plan for covaxin
• 14.01.2021 Letter from Additional Secretary, MoHFW regarding Contraindications and Factsheet for COVID-19 vaccines
• 09.10.2020 Environmental and Social Management Framework for India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836)
• 08.10.2020 Reimbursement of OPD medicines to CS (MA) beneficiaries: Special Sanction in view of COVID-19 till 31 December 2020
• 05.09.2020 Manual for Surveillance Teams for containment zones
• 05.09.2020 Containment and Surveillance Manual for Supervisors in containment zones
• 03.09.2020 Reimbursement of OPD medicines to CS (MA) beneficiaries: Special Sanction in view of COVID-19
• 16.07.2020 Letter from ICMR to States and UTs for District wise login credentials for rapid antigen testing for COVID 19
• 16.05.2020 Updated Cluster Containment Plan for COVID-19
• 16.05.2020 Updated Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks of COVID-19
• 16.05.2020 Preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Urban Settlements
• 06.05.2020 Railway Coaches as COVID Care Centre: Guidance document on appropriate management of suspect-confirmed cases of COVID-l9
• 27-04-2020 Guidelines for Home Isolation of very mild/pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases
• 22.04.2020 Measures Undertaken To Ensure Safety Of Health Workers Drafted For COVID-19 Services
• 20.04.2020 Hon'ble HFM Letter to States/UT's regarding Blood & Blood Disorders
• 20.04.2020 Directions from Ministry of Home Affairs to State for promotion of Voluntary Blood Donation
• 17.04.2020 Updated Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks of COVID-19 [Reissued on 16 th May 2020]
• 14.04.2020 Advisory for effective management & ensuring safe drinking water during lock down due to COVID-19
• 14.04.2020 Guidance note for enabling Delivery of Essential Health Services during the COVID 19 Outbreak
• 11.04.2020 Letter from Ministry of Home Affairs to Administrators, DGPs of all States/UTs and CP Delhi regarding Security to all Doctors , Staff of Hospitals in respect of COVID-19
• 11.04.2020 Orders of Ministry of Home Affairs to Ministries/States/UTs for exemption to Fishing
• 08.04.2020 Release of funds to States/UTs under NHM for Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Package for COVID-19
• 05.04.2020 Advisory issued by Ministry of Rural Development to the State Rural Livelihoods Missions on actions to be taken to address the COVID 19 outbreak
• 04.04.2020 Letter to States/UTs with Control Room Emergency contact numbers of All India Industrial Gases Manufacturer’s Association
• 04.04.2020 Letter to States/UTs and Heads of all the Associations of Doctors/Healthcare providers regarding 'Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package: Insurance Scheme with Forms
• 04.04.2020 Containment Plan for Large Outbreaks of COVID-19 Updated
• 03.04.2020 Request to States/UTs to provide support to ICMR Labs doing COVID-19 Testing
• 03.04.2020 DO Letter of Secretary, Ministry of Human Resource Development for Arogya Setu App, and Light Candle at 09:00 PM on 5 April 2020 for 9 Minute
• 01-04-2020 Letter from Secretary Health to Chief Secretaries of all States/UTs in connection with directions of Hon'ble Supreme Court for migrant labourers
• 31-03-2020 DO Letter of Secretary, Department of Rural Development regarding utilizing services of DDU-GKY trained youth
• 31-03-2020 List of youth trained under DDU-GKY (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojna)
• 31-03-2020 Advisory for quarantine of migrant workers
• 31-03-2020 Preliminary Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) – India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project (P173836)
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• 30.03.2020 D.O Letter from Home Secretary to all Secretaries of Government Of India on movement of Goods dated 29.03.2020
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• 26.03.2020 D.O. Letter from Cabinet Secretary to Chief Secretaries for management and containment of COVID-19 dated 26.03.2020
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• 24.03.2020 DO Letter of Home Secretary regarding urgent need to take stringent actions to contain the spread of COVID-19.
• 24.03.2020 Annexure to Ministry of Home Affairs Order No. 40-3/2020-D Dated 24-3-2020.
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• 24.03.2020 D.O. Letter from Secretary, Human Resource Development to Chief Secretaries for temporary Medical camps in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas dated 24th March 2020
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A/V on COVID Appropriate Behaviours (1/5), (2/5), (3/5), (4/5) & (5/5)

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• 08.04.2020 Video on Salutations to Coronavirus Warriors - I
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• 5. How to use the handrub?
• 6. When and How to wear mask?
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• 28.03.2020 COVID-19 Health Service Providers Toolkit: Designated Hospitals
• 5. How to protect all health workers at designated hospital?
• 6. What are my moments of hand hygiene?
• 7. How to manage Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients at designated hospital?
• 8. Guidelines on the use of materials
• 28.03.2020 COVID-19 Frontline Worker Toolkit in Englsih
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• 3.  A digital pocket book for front line workers
• 4. Training Protocols and guidelines
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• 28.03.2020 When to get tested for COVID-19 English
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Medical Tourism in India: Top destinations, scenarios and all you need to know

India in recent years has emerged as a major hub for medical tourism and is now considered among the top 6 medical value travel destinations in the world. here is all you need to know about it..

Medical Tourism , or Medical Value Travel, refers to the industry where international patients travel across the border for medical, cosmetic, or wellness treatments. India in recent years has emerged as a major hub for medical tourism and is now considered among the top 6 medical value travel destinations in the world. Its rapidly growing medical tourism industry has put Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai and Kochi on the globe for millions of people across Asia and Africa, who turn to these cities for all their surgical needs. Our unrivalled knowledge , top-notch doctors, extensive experience, and premier hospitals enable us to dominate the Indian medical tourism market. The patient can receive affordable treatment packages in India. (Also read: Kerala Tourism focuses on ‘responsible tourism’ to increase the livelihood of locals )

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Danish Ahmed, Founder, Healthtrip.com, shared important insights regarding medical tourism in India.

Medical tourism scenario in India:

Medical Tourism in India, in mid-2020, was estimated to be worth around USD 9 billion which makes India stand at Number 10 in the Global Medical Tourism Index. Approximately 2 million patients visit India each year from 78 countries for medical, wellness and IVF treatments, generating $6 billion for the industry which is expected to reach $13 billion by 2026 backed by the government’s Heal in India initiative. This not only generates jobs, profits and forex for hospitals but also creates very valuable soft power for India, positioning it as the Healing Center of the world. It also creates demand for high-end equipment, which results in continuous upgradation of Indian healthcare, resulting in a spiral of demand generating quality, generating more demand.

Why do they choose India:

India’s key advantage is the price at which it can deliver the world-class quality of healthcare, along with complementing treatments in Ayurveda, which gives it the unique positioning of Holistic Healthcare. Aptly called, Heal in India, the expected initiatives from the government will ease visa and forex norms for these patients, unlocking the tremendous potential of medical tourism in the country. India is known to be the land of natural medicines to the world. India and Ayurveda have a history that longs back in time.

Where are most medical tourists from:

Most of the tourists are from Asian or African countries such as Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, Indonesia and Kenya, among others.

Top 5 medical tourism destinations in India:

Chennai: One of the most well-liked locations in India for receiving medical care. According to research by the Confederation of Indian Industries, almost 40% of patients choose Chennai because of the city's high standard of care. Chennai, the "health capital of India," sees foreign patients annually for hip replacements, eye surgeries, cardiac bypasses, bone marrow transplants, and alternative medical procedures.

Mumbai: It is the city with India's fastest expanding medical tourism industry, and is home to a number of super speciality hospitals as well as a Research and Diagnostic Center for orthopaedic and weight reduction procedures. Mumbai is also well-known for its Ayurvedic therapies and cosmetic surgery.

New Delhi: Numerous outstanding private hospitals, including ones that offer packages for general surgery, eye surgery, heart care, and neurosurgery to foreign patients, can be found in the nation's capital.

Ahmedabad: Ahmedabad is another Indian city that is gradually rising to prominence as a centre for medical tourism. Many non-residents prefer seeking treatment in Ahmedabad because of its hospitals with top-notch amenities.

Bangalore: Due to the vast quantity of top-notch medical facilities and specialists among its medical professionals. These are Bangalore medical tourism's main attractions. There are also doctors in Bangalore who have had advanced training in the west with almost little wait time and quick access to medical care for visitors seeking treatment.

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Update on improving Medical Tourism in the country India ranks 10th in Medical Tourism Index (MTI) for 2020-2021 out of 46 destinations of the world Foreign Tourists Arrival on medical purpose increases from 1.83 lakh in 2020 to 3.04 lakh in 2021

India has been ranked 10 th in Medical Tourism Index (MTI) for 2020-2021 out of 46 destinations of the world by Medical Tourism Association. As per information provided by Ministry of Tourism, foreign tourist arriving in India for medical purpose are as below:

With an aim to improve medical tourism in country, Ministry of Tourism has formulated a National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism in 2022. The strategy has identified following key pillars for the development of medical value travel in the country:

• Develop a brand for India as a wellness destination
• Strengthen the ecosystem for medical and wellness tourism
• Enable digitalization by setting up Online Medical Value Travel (MVT) Portal
• Enhancement of accessibility for Medical Value Travel
• Promoting Wellness Tourism
• Governance and Institutional Framework

Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is coordinating with other Ministries viz Ministry of Home Affairs, Tourism, AYUSH, External Affairs, Civil Aviation, State Governments and other stakeholders to promote Medical Value Travel (MVT) in the country. An institutional approach in coordination with other Ministries like Ministry of Tourism, AYUSH, Home Affairs, External Affairs, Civil Aviation, State Governments and other relevant stakeholders is adopted for promotion of medical value travel. Several rounds of stakeholder consultations have been conducted with line Ministries, Hospitals, MVT facilitators, Insurance Companies and National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) to identify the challenges and opportunities in the sector.

The Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar stated this in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.

HFW/ Update on improving medical tourism in the country /2h1 March 2023/4

Travel Vaccines and Advice for India

The Taj Mahal, Hampi, the Himalayans and the Caves of Ajanta are just the beginning for amazing sights in India. For thousands of years, the subcontinent has been the cradle of one of the most amazing cultures to visit.

Every year, tourists from around the globe flock to India to see its amazing sights and sounds. Whether you are a spiritual pilgrim, a business executive or an adventure seeker, India is sure to have something for you.

Do I Need Vaccines for India?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for India. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for India: hepatitis A , hepatitis B , typhoid , cholera , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , rabies , meningitis , polio , measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) , chickenpox , shingles , pneumonia and influenza .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Accelerated schedule available
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Cholera – Food & Water – A risk for travellers throughout India. Avoid swimming in popular rivers or streams as cholera may be present. Vaccination is recommended for some travellers.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Japanese Encephalitis – Mosquito – Recommended for all regions except: Dadra, Daman, Diu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Nagar Haveli, Punjab, Rajasthan, and Sikkim.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.
• Polio – Food & Water – May be required if arriving from countries with active transmission. Recommended for some travellers to the region. Single adult booster recommended.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given seperately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• Meningitis – Airborne & Direct Contact – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.

See the tables below for more information:

Some mosquito-borne diseases are also prevalent in India including:

• Malaria – Antimalarial medication is recommened for many regions in India. Speak with a travel health specialist to learn if these are right for your itinerary.
• Dengue Fever – Another mosquito-borne disease, dengue affects millions each year. Unfortunately, there is no vaccination against dengue approved in the United States. Make sure you take precautions against mosquitoes like using repellents and mosquito netting.

Fortunately, the Zika virus has yet to arrive in India.

To learn more about these infections, see their respective vaccination or infection pages.

If you are travelling to India, make sure you are protected. Visit your local Passport Health to receive a comprehensive consultation on what you will need to stay safe. Book your appointment online now or call us at and make sure your dream trip doesn’t become a nightmare.

How To Prevent Delhi Belly (Traveller’s Diarrhea)

Delhi Belly (or traveller’s diarrhea ) is very common among travellers. Up to 70 percent of international travellers will come down with traveller’s diarrhea during their trips. This is especially true for visitors to India.

Causes can range from viral or bacteria infections to just a difference in cuisine. But, no matter how it happens, traveller’s diarrhea can ruin a trip.

There are a few precautions you can take to avoid traveller’s diarrhea:

• Avoid risky eating – Be smart about where and what you eat. Street carts may not be the best place to grab a snack, but you also don’t need to only eat pre-packaged foods. Use good judgment to decide where would be best to chow down.
• Consider preventative care – Some products, like Travelan, will provide you with some protection against traveller’s diarrhea.

Be sure to bring a traveller’s diarrhea kit that includes antibiotics or similar products that can help stop diarrhea if it occurs.

To learn more about what you can do to avoid Delhi Belly, see our traveller’s diarrhea page . Or, book an appointment with your local Passport Health by calling or scheduling online now .

Customer Reviews

Passport health – travel vaccines for india, do i need a visa or passport for india.

Nationals of all countries, including Canadian citizens with a valid passport, require a visa. E-visas take 3-10 days to process and are valid for 2 trips up to 60 days’ total. The Indian government now allows Canadian citizens to apply for simple tourist and business visas without having to send in a passport.

Sources: Embassy of India and Canadian Travel and Tourism

What Is the Climate Like In India?

India is generally classified as a hot tropical country, except for the Himalayan north. The country has three distinct seasons:

• Summer (March to June) – Indian summers are very hot. Temperatures often climb to over 43 degrees.
• Monsoon (July to August) – The rainy season brings thunderstorms and heavy rains. These sometimes cause flooding or other damage. Bring an umbrella and be sure to take other precautions.
• Winter (October to February) – Winter temperatures are generally mild. Except in the northern regions where they will dip to near or below freezing. Remember, the higher into the mountains you go, the chillier it will get.

How Safe Is India?

India is generally safe, but is still a developing country in many ways. Try to avoid the Indian-Pakistani border, as growing tensions have led to a less safe situation.

Petty crime, especially theft is common. This happens mostly in trains and buses. Pickpocketing is known to occur in some tourist areas. Violent crime is traditionally uncommon, though there has been a slight increase in recent years.

Scamming has become more common in many popular areas. Be especially careful in airports and train stations. If an offer for cheap transportation or hotel rooms seems too good, it probably is. Only use well-known travel agencies when booking your trip and planning activities in-country.

LGBT individuals will want to be especially careful as laws on homosexuality are unclear. While prosecution is rare, LGBT visitors may wish to avoid drawing attention.

What Should I Pack For India?

Packing for India can be a bit tricky, as the country is different from many popular travel destinations:

• Pack light – Moving from place to place in India can be a bit tricky. Many forms of transportation have a tight fit and having something you can easily haul around is key. Brining an extra backpack isn’t a bad idea either as a purse or small bag may not be enough to carry water, an umbrella and similar items.
• Prepare for weather – Be sure to pack according to what season you’ll be in the country. Where you are headed is also a key factor as the Himalayas are a much cooler region.
• Wear the right footwear – You’ll likely be doing a lot of walking (or even standing) in India. Make sure your shoes are up for the trip, your feet will thank you.
• Bring a complete first-aid kit – the PHAC has a complete list of recommended health items which can be found here . Some notable items include: sunscreen, insect repellent, hand sanitizer and diarrhea medicine like DiaResQ or other remedies.

Where Is the Canadian Embassy in India?

The Canadian Embassy in India is located at:

High Commission of Canada in New Delhi 7/8 Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110 021, India Telephone: 91 (11) 4178-2000

Whether you are travelling for business or pleasure, India is an absolutely amazing destination. From the Himalyas to the coast of the Indian Ocean, the country’s unique culture and feel has something for every type of traveller.

To learn more about what you can do to prepare for an Indian trip, visit your local Passport Health clinic. Book your appointment today by calling or scheduling online now.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for India? How To Prevent Delhi Belly (traveller’s Diarrhea) What Are the Entry and Exit Requirements for India? What Is the Climate Like In India? How Safe Is India? What Should I Pack For India? Where Is the Canadian Embassy in India?

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India (Asia)

Advice for all destinations.

Read the information on the COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel page for advice on travelling during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vaccinations and malaria risk

Review both the Vaccination and Malaria sections on this page to find out if you may need vaccines and/or a malaria risk assessment before you travel to this country.

If you think you require vaccines and/or malaria risk assessment, you should make an appointment with a travel health professional:

• How to make an appointment with a travel health professional

A travel health risk assessment is also advisable for some people, even when vaccines or malaria tablets are not required.

• Do I need a travel health risk assessment?

Risk prevention advice 

Many of the health risks experienced by travellers cannot be prevented by vaccines and other measures need to be taken.

Always make sure you understand the wider risks at your destination and take precautions, including:

• food and water safety
• accident prevention
• avoiding insect bites
• preventing and treating animal bites
• respiratory hygiene
• hand hygiene

Our advice section gives detailed information on minimising specific health risks abroad:

• Travel Health Advice A-Z

Other health considerations

Make sure you have travel insurance before travel to cover healthcare abroad.

Find out if there are any restrictions you need to consider if you are travelling with medicines .

Know how to access healthcare at your destination: see the GOV.UK English speaking doctors and medical facilities: worldwide list

If you feel unwell on your return home from travelling abroad, always seek advice from a healthcare professional and let them know your travel history.

Vaccinations

• Confirm primary courses and boosters are up to date as recommended for life in Britain - including for example, seasonal flu vaccine (if indicated), MMR , vaccines required for occupational risk of exposure, lifestyle risks and underlying medical conditions.
• Courses or boosters usually advised: Diphtheria; Hepatitis A; Tetanus; Typhoid.
• Other vaccines to consider: Hepatitis B; Rabies.
• Selectively advised vaccines - only for those individuals at highest risk: Cholera; Japanese Encephalitis.

Please Note: If you travel to India from the UK, transiting through Europe or the Middle East  (and you have not been in a South American or African country in the previous week) a yellow fever vaccination certificate is not required.

Notes on the diseases mentioned above

Risk is higher during floods and after natural disasters, in areas with very poor sanitation and lack of clean drinking water.

• Diphtheria :  spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Risk is higher if mixing with locals in poor, overcrowded living conditions.

Risk is higher where personal hygiene and sanitation is poor.

Risk is higher for long stays, frequent travel and for children (exposed through cuts and scratches), those who may require medical treatment during travel.

• Japanese Encephalitis :  spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. This mosquito breeds in rice paddies and mainly bites between dusk and dawn. Risk is highest for long stay travellers to rural areas, particularly if unable to avoid mosquito bites.
• Tetanus :  spread through contamination of cuts, burns and wounds with tetanus spores. Spores are found in soil worldwide. A total of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine are recommended for life in the UK. Boosters are usually recommended in a country or situation where the correct treatment of an injury may not be readily available.
• Typhoid :  spread mainly through consumption of contaminated food and drink. Risk is higher where access to adequate sanitation and safe water is limited.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes.You cannot be vaccinated against malaria.

Malaria precautions

• Malaria risk is present throughout the year. Risk is highest in north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Mizoram, district of Amini in Arunachal Pradesh, north and south Chhattisgarh, Odisha (Orissa) and the city of Mangalore. In central Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh risk is not high enough to warrant antimalarial tablets for most travellers, however, it may be considered for certain groups who may be at higher risk (see below under Low risk with additional advice).
• There is low to no risk in all other areas.
• Check with your doctor or nurse about suitable antimalarial tablets.
• See malaria map – additional information can be found by clicking on the Regional Information icon below the map.
• High risk areas: atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine  are usually advised.
• Low risk with additional advice: antimalarial tablets are not usually recommended, however, they can be considered for certain travellers who may be at higher risk e.g. longer stay in rural areas, visiting friends or relatives, those with medical conditions, immunosuppression or those without a spleen. Atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine  is advised for those at risk.
• Low to no risk: antimalarial tablets are not usually advised
• If you have been travelling in a malarious area and develop a fever seek medical attention promptly. Remember malaria can develop even up to one year after exposure.
• If travelling to an area remote from medical facilities, carrying standby emergency treatment for malaria may be considered.

Other Health Risks

Altitude and travel, dengue fever.

There is a risk of exposure to coronavirus (COVID-19) in this country.

Please be aware that the risk of COVID-19 in this country may change at short notice and also consider your risk of exposure in any transit countries and from travelling itself. 

• The 'News' section on this page will advise if significant case increases or outbreaks have occurred in this country.

Prior to travel, you should:

• Check the latest government guidance on the FCDO Foreign travel advice and country specific pages for travel to this country and the rules for entering the UK on return.
• Ensure you are up to date with UK recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination.
• You can check this in the FAQ's.
• If you are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 you should carefully  consider your travel plans  and consider seeking medical advice prior to making any decisions.

For further information, see  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)  and  COVID-19: Health Considerations for Travel  pages.

Polio Vaccine Requirement for India

There is no risk of polio in this country. However, proof of polio vaccination may be necessary if you are travelling to India from a country where polio is still found. Please discuss this with a travel health professional. 

Zika Virus Infection

This country has been categorised as having a risk of Zika (ZIKV) virus transmission.

ZIKV is mainly spread through mosquito bites. The mosquito responsible most commonly bites during daylight hours and is common in towns and cities. 

The illness is usually mild but infection during pregnancy may lead to babies being born with birth defects. There is no vaccine currently available against ZIKV.

Advice for All Travellers

You should practice strict mosquito bite avoidance at all times. Do not travel without adequate travel insurance . Seek pre-travel health advice from a travel health professional 6 to 8 weeks in advance of travel.

Additional recommendations for pregnant travellers or those planning pregnancy

If you are planning pregnancy in the very near future you should consider whether you should avoid travel to this country.

• contact your GP, obstetrician or midwife for further advice, even if you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
• use barrier methods of contraception during and after travel and for the duration of your pregnancy, even in you have not been unwell or had any symptoms of ZIKV infection
• If you develop symptoms of ZIKV infection, it is recommended that you avoid becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following your recovery
• 2 months afterwards if you are female
• 3 months afterwards if you are male or if both partners travelled

These measures reduce the chance of sexual transmission of ZIKV and/or the risk of ZIKV infection in pregnancy.

For further information, see Zika virus infection page.

• 146 additional items in the news archive for this country

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More travel information for India

From travel safety to visa requirements, discover the best tips for traveling to India

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• Culture and Etiquette in India
• How to get a visa to India
• Eating and drinking in India
• How to get to India
• Getting around India: Transportation Tips
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• Shopping tips for India
• Travel Tips India for planning and on the go
• Sports and Outdoor activities in India
• Best time to visit India

There are plenty of scare stories about the health risks of travelling in India, but in fact cases of serious illness are very much the exception rather than the rule. Standards of hygiene and sanitation have increased greatly over the past couple of decades and there’s no reason you can’t stay healthy throughout your trip – indeed many travellers now visit the Subcontinent without even experiencing the traditional dose of “Delhi belly”. Having said that, it’s still important to be careful, keep your resistance high and to be aware of the dangers of untreated water, mosquito bites and undressed open cuts. It’s worth knowing, if you are ill and can’t get to a doctor, that almost any medicine can be bought over the counter without a prescription.

Precautions

When it comes to food, be wary of dishes that appear to have been reheated. Anything boiled, fried or grilled (and thus sterilized) in your presence is usually all right, though seafood and meat can pose real risks if they’re not fresh; anything that has been left out for any length of time, or stored in a fridge during a power cut, is best avoided. Raw unpeeled fruit and vegetables should always be viewed with suspicion, and you should steer clear of salads unless you know they have been washed in purified water.

Be vigilant about personal hygiene: wash your hands often, especially before eating. Keep all cuts clean, treat them with iodine or antiseptic (a liquid or dry spray is better in the heat) and cover them to prevent infection.

Advice on avoiding mosquitoes is offered under “Malaria”. If you do get bites or itches, try not to scratch them: it’s difficult, but infection and tropical ulcers can result if you do. Tiger Balm and even dried soap may relieve the itching.

Finally, especially if you are going on a long trip, have a dental check-up before you leave home.

Vaccinations

No inoculations are legally required for entry into India, but tetanus, typhoid and hepatitis A jabs are recommended for travellers to many parts of the country, and it’s worth ensuring that you are up to date with diphtheria, polio and other boosters. Vaccinations for hepatitis B, rabies, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis and TB are only advised if you’re travelling to remote areas or working in environments with an increased exposure to infectious diseases.

Transmitted through contaminated food and water or through saliva, hepatitis A can lay a victim low for several months with exhaustion, fever and diarrhoea. Symptoms include yellowing of the whites of the eyes, general malaise, orange urine (though dehydration could also cause that) and light-coloured stools. If you think you have it, get a diagnosis as soon as possible, steer clear of alcohol, get lots of rest – and try to avoid passing it on. More serious is hepatitis B, transmitted like AIDS through blood or sexual contact.

Typhoid fever is also spread through contaminated food or water, but is rare in most parts of India. It produces a persistent high temperature with malaise, headaches and abdominal pains, followed by diarrhoea.

Cholera, spread the same way as hepatitis A and typhoid, causes sudden attacks of watery diarrhoea with cramps and debilitation. Again, this disease rarely occurs in India, breaking out in isolated epidemics; there is a vaccination but it offers very little protection. Most medical authorities now recommend immunization against meningococcal meningitis (ACWY) too. Spread by airborne bacteria (through coughs and sneezes for example), it is a very unpleasant disease that attacks the lining of the brain and can be fatal.

Rabies is widespread throughout the country, and the best advice is to give dogs and monkeys a wide berth – do not play with animals at all, no matter how cute they might look. If you’re bitten or scratched and it breaks the skin, immediately wash the wound gently with soap or detergent, apply alcohol or iodine if possible, and go straight away, to the nearest hospital for an anti-rabies jab.

For up-to-the-minute information, make an appointment at a travel clinic. These clinics also sell travel accessories, including mosquito nets and first-aid kits.

Medical resources for travellers

International Society for Travel Medicine. A full list of clinics worldwide specializing in travel health.

In the UK and Ireland

Hospital for Tropical Diseases Travel Clinic UK 020 3456 7891

MASTA (Medical Advisory Service for Travellers Abroad) UK 0330 100 4200. Dozens of clinics across the UK.

Tropical Medical Bureau Ireland 01 271 5200.

In the US and Canada

Canadian Society for International Health Canada 1 613 241 5785. Extensive list of travel health centres in Canada.

CDC US T1 800 232 4636. Official US government health site, including travel.

In Australia, New Zealand and South Africa

Netcare Travel Clinics South Africa T082 911. Travel clinics in South Africa.

Travellers’ Medical & Vaccination Centre Australia. Website listing travellers’ medical and vaccination centres throughout Australia and New Zealand.

Heat trouble

The sun and the heat can cause a few unexpected problems. Before they’ve acclimatized, many people get a bout of prickly heat rash, an infection of the sweat ducts caused by excessive perspiration that doesn’t dry off. A cool shower, zinc oxide powder (sold in India) and loose cotton clothes should help. Dehydration is another possible problem, so make sure you’re drinking enough liquid, and drink rehydration salts frequently, especially when hot and/or tired. The main danger sign is irregular urination (only once a day for instance); dark urine definitely means you should drink more (although it could also indicate hepatitis).

The sun can burn, or even cause sunstroke; a high-factor sun block is vital on exposed skin, especially when you first arrive. A light hat is also a very good idea, especially if you’re doing a lot of walking around in the sun.

Finally, be aware that overheating can cause heatstroke, which is potentially fatal. Signs are a very high body temperature, without a feeling of fever but accompanied by headaches and disorientation. Lowering body temperature (taking a tepid shower for example) and resting in an air-conditioned room is the first step in treatment; also take in plenty of fluids and seek medical advice if the condition doesn’t improve after 24 hours.

Though India has made some progress in its attempts to control malaria, the disease remains one of the Subcontinent’s big killers and it’s essential that you check with your doctor whether you’ll need to take anti-malarial medication for your visit. The disease, caused by a parasite carried in the saliva of female Anopheles mosquitoes, can be found in many parts of India, and is especially prevalent in in Odisha, Chhattisgarh and the northeast, although nonexistent in the high Himalayan regions (there’s a useful malaria map of the country at bit.ly/MalariaMap,showing varying levels of risk across the country). Malaria has a variable incubation period of a few days to several weeks, so you can become ill long after being bitten – which is why it’s important to carry on taking the tablets even after you’ve returned home.

Ideas about appropriate antimalarial medication tend to vary from country to country and prophylaxis remains a controversial subject; it’s important that you get expert medical advice on which treatment is right for you. In addition, resistance to established antimalarial drugs is growing alarmingly – none of the following provides complete protection, so avoiding being bitten in the first place remains important. Chloroquine- and proguanil-resistant strains of malaria are particularly prevalent in Assam and the northeast; travellers to this region might consider taking a course of malarone, doxycycline or mefloquine instead.

The most established regime – widely prescribed in Europe, but not in North America – is a combination of chloroquine (trade names Nivaquin or Avloclor) taken weekly either on its own or in conjunction with a daily dose of proguanil (Paludrine). You need to start this regime a week before arriving in a malarial area and continue it for four weeks after leaving. In India chloroquine is easy to come by but proguanil isn’t, so stock up before you arrive. Mefloquine (Lariam) is a newer and stronger treatment. As a prophylactic, you need take just one tablet weekly, starting two weeks before entering a risk area and continuing for four weeks after leaving. Mefloquine is a very powerful and effective antimalarial, though there have been widely reported concerns about its side effects, including psychological problems.

Doxycycline is often prescribed in Australasia. One tablet is taken daily, starting a day or two before entering a malarial zone and continuing for four weeks after leaving. It’s not suitable for children under ten and it can cause thrush in women, while three percent of users develop a sensitivity to light, causing a rash, so it’s not ideal for beach holidays. It also interferes with the effectiveness of the contraceptive pill. Malarone (a combination of atovaquone and proguanil) is another alternative, which you only have to start taking two days before you enter a malarial zone and continue for just a week after leaving, meaning that, although it’s expensive, it can prove economical for short trips.

Malarial symptoms

The first signs of malaria are remarkably similar to a severe flu, and may take months to appear: if you suspect anything go to a hospital or clinic for a blood test immediately. The shivering, burning fever and headaches come in waves, usually in the early evening. Malaria is not infectious, but some strains are dangerous and occasionally even fatal when not treated promptly, in particular, the chloroquine-resistant cerebral malaria. This virulent and lethal strain of the disease, which affects the brain, is treatable, but has to be diagnosed early. Erratic body temperature, lack of energy and aches are the first key signs.

Preventing mosquito bites

The best way of combating malaria is, of course, to avoid getting bitten: malarial mosquitoes are active from dusk until dawn and during this time you should use mosquito repellent and take all necessary precautions. Sleep under a mosquito net if possible, burn mosquito coils (widely available in India, but easy to break in transit) or electrically heated repellents such as All Out. An Indian brand of repellent called Odomos is widely available and very effective, though most travellers bring their own from home, usually one containing the noxious but effective compound DEET. DEET can cause rashes and a strength of more than thirty percent is not advised for those with sensitive skin. A natural alternative is citronella or, in the UK, Mosiguard Natural, made from a blend of eucalyptus oils; those with sensitive skin should still use DEET on clothes and nets. Mosquito “buzzers” – plug-in contraptions that smoulder tablets of DEET compounds slowly overnight – are pretty useless, but wrist and ankle bands are as effective as spray and a good alternative for sensitive skin. Though active all night, female Anopheles mosquitoes prefer to bite in the evening, so be especially careful at that time. Wear long sleeves, skirts and trousers, avoid dark colours, which attract mosquitoes, and put repellent on all exposed skin.

Dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis

Another illness spread by mosquito bites is dengue fever, whose symptoms are similar to those of malaria, plus aching bones. There is no vaccine available and the only treatment is complete rest, with drugs to assuage the fever. Japanese encephalitis, a mosquito-borne viral infection causing fever, muscle pains and headaches, is most prevalent in wet, rural rice-growing areas. However, it only rarely affects travellers, and the vaccine isn’t usually recommended unless you plan to spend much time around paddy fields during and immediately after the monsoons.

Intestinal troubles

Diarrhoea is the most common bane of travellers. When mild and not accompanied by other major symptoms, it may just be your stomach reacting to unfamiliar food. Accompanied by cramps and vomiting, it could well be food poisoning. In either case, it will probably pass of its own accord in 24–48 hours without treatment. In the meantime, it is essential to replace the fluids and salts you’re losing, so take lots of water with oral rehydration salts (commonly referred to as ORS, or called Electrolyte in India). If you can’t get ORS, use half a teaspoon of salt and eight of sugar in a litre of water, and if you are too ill to keep it down, seek medical help immediately. Travel clinics and pharmacies sell double-ended moulded plastic spoons with the exact ratio of sugar to salt.

While you are suffering, it’s a good idea to avoid greasy food, heavy spices, caffeine and most fruit and dairy products. Some say bananas and papaya are good, as are kitchri (a simple dhal and rice preparation) and rice soup and coconut water, while curd or a soup made from Marmite or Vegemite (if you happen to have some with you) are forms of protein that can be easily absorbed by your body when you have the runs. Drugs like Lomotil or Imodium simply plug you up – undermining the body’s efforts to rid itself of infection – though they can be useful if you have to travel. If symptoms persist for more than a few days, a course of antibiotics may be necessary; this should be seen as a last resort, following medical advice.

Sordid though it may seem, it’s a good idea to look at what comes out when you go to the toilet. If your diarrhoea contains blood or mucus and if you are suffering other symptoms including rotten-egg belches and farts, the cause may be dysentery or giardia. With a fever, it could well be caused by bacillary dysentery, and may clear up without treatment. If you’re sure you need it, a course of antibiotics such as tetracycline should sort you out, but they also destroy gut flora in your intestines (which help protect you – curd can replenish them to some extent). If you start a course, be sure to finish it, even after the symptoms have gone. Similar symptoms, without fever, indicate amoebic dysentery, which is much more serious, and can damage your gut if untreated. The usual cure is a course of Metronidazole (Flagyl) or Fasigyn, both antibiotics which may themselves make you feel ill, and must not be taken with alcohol. Symptoms of giardia are similar – including frothy stools, nausea and constant fatigue – for which the treatment is again Metronidazole. If you suspect that you have either of these, seek medical help, and only start on the Metronidazole (750mg three times daily for a week for adults) if there is definitely blood in your diarrhoea and it is impossible to see a doctor.

Finally, bear in mind that oral drugs, such as malaria pills and the Pill, are likely to be largely ineffective if taken while suffering from diarrhoea.

Bites and creepy crawlies

Worms may enter your body through skin (especially the soles of your feet) or food. An itchy anus is a common symptom, and you may even see them in your stools. They are easy to treat: if you suspect you have them, get some worming tablets such as Mebendazole (Vermox) from any pharmacy.

Biting insects and similar animals other than mosquitoes may also aggravate you. The obvious suspects are bedbugs – look for signs of squashed ones around beds in cheap hotels. An infested mattress can be left in the hot sun all day to get rid of them, but they often live in the frame or even in walls or floors. Head and body lice can also be a nuisance, but medicated soap and shampoo (preferably brought with you from home) usually see them off. Avoid scratching bites, which can lead to infection. Bites from ticks and lice can spread typhus, characterized by fever, muscle aches, headaches and, later, red eyes and a measles-like rash. If you think you have it, seek treatment (tetracycline is usually prescribed).

Snakes are unlikely to bite unless accidentally disturbed, and most are harmless in any case. To see one at all, you need to search stealthily – walk heavily and they usually oblige by disappearing. If you do get bitten, remember what the snake looked like (kill it if you can), try not to move the affected part, and seek medical help: antivenins are available in most hospitals. A few spiders have poisonous bites too. Remove leeches, which may attach themselves to you in jungle areas, with salt or a lit cigarette: never just pull them off.

Altitude sickness

At high altitudes, you may develop symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Just about everyone who ascends to around 4000m or higher experiences mild symptoms, but serious cases are rare. The simple cure – descent – almost always brings immediate recovery.

AMS is caused by the fact that at high elevations there is not only less oxygen, but also lower atmospheric pressure. This can have all sorts of weird effects on the body: it can cause the brain to swell and the lungs to fill with fluid, and even bring on uncontrollable farting. The syndrome varies from one person to the next but symptoms include breathlessness, headaches and dizziness, nausea, difficulty sleeping and appetite loss. More extreme cases may involve disorientation and loss of balance, and the coughing up of pink frothy phlegm.

AMS strikes without regard for fitness – in fact, young people seem to be more susceptible, possibly because they’re more reluctant to admit they feel sick and they dart about more energetically. Most people are capable of acclimatizing to very high altitudes but the process takes time and must be done in stages. The golden rule is not to go too high, too fast; or if you do, spend the night at a lower height (“Climb High, Sleep Low”). Above 3000m, you should not ascend more than 500m per day; take mandatory acclimatization days at 3500m and 4000m – more if you feel unwell – and try to spend these days day-hiking to higher altitudes.

The general symptoms of AMS can be treated with the drug acetazolamide (Diamox) but this is not advised as it will block the early signs of severe AMS, which can be fatal. It is better to stay put for a day or two, eat a high-carbohydrate diet, drink plenty of water (three litres a day is recommended), take paracetamol or aspirin for the headaches, and descend if the AMS persists or worsens. If you fly direct to a high-altitude destination such as Leh, be especially careful to acclimatize (plan for three days of initial rest); you’ll certainly want to avoid doing anything strenuous at first.

Other precautions to take at high altitudes include avoiding alcohol and sleeping pills, drinking more liquid, and protecting your skin against UV solar glare.

HIV and AIDS

HIV/AIDS is as much of a risk in India as anywhere else, and in recent years the government has heeded WHO advice by setting up its own awareness and prevention campaigns. As elsewhere in the world, high-risk groups include prostitutes and intravenous drug users. It is extremely unwise to contemplate casual sex without a condom – carry some with you (preferably brought from home as Indian ones may be less reliable) and insist upon using them.

Should you need an injection or a transfusion in India, make sure that new, sterile equipment is used; any blood you receive should be from voluntary rather than commercial donor banks. If you have a shave from a barber, make sure he uses a clean blade and don’t undergo processes such as ear-piercing, acupuncture or tattooing unless you can be sure that the equipment is sterile.

Getting medical help

Pharmacies can usually advise on minor medical problems, and most doctors in India speak English. Also, many hotels keep a doctor on call; if you do get ill and need medical assistance, take advice as to the best facilities around. Basic medications are made to Indian Pharmacopoea (IP) standards, and most medicines are available without prescription, but always check the sell-by date. Hospitals have variable standards: private clinics and mission hospitals are often better than state-run ones but may not have the same facilities. Hospitals in big cities, including university or medical-school hospitals, are generally pretty good, and cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru boast state-of-the-art medical facilities but at a price. Many hospitals require patients (even emergency cases) to buy necessities such as medicines, plaster casts and vaccines, and to pay for X-rays, before procedures are carried out. Remember to keep receipts for insurance reimbursements.

However, Government hospitals, however, provide all surgical and after-care services free of charge and in most other state medical institutions charges are usually so low that for minor treatment the expense may well be lower than the initial “excess” on your insurance. You will, however, need a companion to stay, or you’ll have to come to an arrangement with one of the hospital cleaners, to help you out in hospital – relatives are expected to wash, feed and generally take care of the patient. Beware of scams by private clinics in tourist towns such as Agra where there have been reports of overcharging and misdiagnosis by doctors to claim insurance money.

A travellers’ first-aid kit

Following are items you might want to take, especially if you’re planning to go trekking – all are available in India itself, at a fraction of what you might pay at home:

• Antiseptic cream
• Insect repellent and cream such as Anthisan for soothing bites
• Plasters/Band-Aids
• A course of Flagyl antibiotics
• Water sterilization tablets or water purifier
• Lint and sealed bandages
• Knee supports
• Imodium (Lomotil) for emergency diarrhoea treatment
• A mild oral anesthetic such as Bonjela for soothing ulcers or mild toothache
• Paracetamol/aspirin
• Multivitamin and mineral tablets
• Rehydration sachets
• Hypodermic needles and sterilized skin wipes

Ayurvedic medicine

Ayurveda, a Sanskrit word meaning the “knowledge for prolonging life”, is a five-thousand-year-old holistic medical system that is widely practised in India. Ayurvedic doctors and clinics in large towns deal with foreigners as well as their usual patients, and some pharmacies specialize in Ayurvedic preparations, including toiletries such as soaps, shampoos and toothpastes.

Ayurveda assumes the fundamental sameness of self and nature. Unlike the allopathic medicines of the West, which depend on finding out what’s ailing you and then killing it, Ayurveda looks at the whole patient: disease is regarded as a symptom of imbalance, so it’s the imbalance that’s treated, not the disease. Ayurvedic theory holds that the body is controlled by three forces, which reflect the forces within the self: pitta, the force of the sun, is hot, and rules the digestive processes and metabolism; kapha, likened to the moon, the creator of tides and rhythms, has a cooling effect and governs the body’s organs; and vata, wind, relates to movement and the nervous system. The healthy body is one that has the three forces in balance. To diagnose an imbalance, the Ayurvedic vaid (doctor) responds not only to the physical complaint but also to family background, daily habits and emotional traits.

Imbalances are typically treated with herbal remedies designed to alter whichever of the three forces is out of whack. Made according to traditional formulae, using indigenous plants, Ayurvedic medicines are cheaper than branded or imported drugs. In addition, the doctor may prescribe various forms of yogic cleansing to rid the body of waste substances. To the uninitiated, these techniques will sound rather off-putting – for instance, swallowing a long strip of cloth, a short section at a time, and then pulling it back up again to remove mucus from the stomach. Ayurvedic massage with herbal oils is especially popular in Kerala where courses of treatments are available to combat a wide array of ailments.

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• v.10(4); 2014 Apr

Vaccination for safe travel to India

Bharti mehta.

Department of Community Medicine; PGIMS; Rohtak, India

Harashish Jindal

Bhumika bhatt, vijay kumar dharma, satvinder choudhary.

Worldwide more than 900 million international journeys are undertaken every year. India is one of the favorite tourist destinations around the world. International travel exposes travelers to a range of health risks. Traveling to India possess a threat to travelers with waterborne diseases like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever; vector borne diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria; animal contact disease like rabies. Furthermore diseases spreading through behavior aspects cannot be ruled out hence posing a risk for hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C as well. Hence, before travel the travelers are advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travelers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveler’s previous immunizations, countries to be visited, type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure.

Introduction

Tourism has been recognized as a potent engine for socio-economic development of any nation. Because of its inter-sectorial linkages it possesses the potential to stimulate other economic factors as well. In this rapidly shrinking world, International travel has risen from 25 million international tourists in 1950 to 1.035 million international tourists in 2012 and an estimated increase to 1.8 billion tourists in 2030. 1

Worldwide more than 900 million international journeys are undertaken every year. India is one of the favorite tourist destinations around the world. In comparison to the previous year, there has been substantial growth in foreign tourist arrivals which rose from 6.31 million to 6.65 million accounting to 5.4% and Foreign Exchange Earnings which rose from US $77 591 to US $94 487 crore accounting to 21.8% during the year 2012. 2

International travel exposes travelers to a range of health risks. Many of these risks can be minimized by precautions taken before, during and after travel. Hence, before travel the travelers are advised about the risk of disease in the country or countries they plan to visit and the steps to be taken to prevent illness. 3

Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. However, satisfactory vaccines have not yet been developed against several of the most life-threatening infections, including tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and HIV/AIDS. There is no single vaccination schedule that fits all travelers. Each schedule must be individualized according to the traveler’s previous immunizations, countries to be visited, type and duration of travel, and the amount of time available before departure. 3

Following vaccination, the immune response of the vaccinated individual varies with the type of vaccine, the number of doses required, and whether the individual has been vaccinated previously against the same disease. For this reason, travelers are advised to consult a travel medicine practitioner or physician 4–8 wk before departure in order to allow sufficient time for optimal immunization schedules to be completed. 3

Traveling to India possess a threat to travelers with waterborne diseases like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever; vector borne diseases like dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria; animal contact disease like rabies. 4 Further more diseases spreading through behavior aspects cannot be ruled out hence posing a risk for hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C as well.

Vaccine Recommendations for Travelers

Numerous international, national, and professional organizations publish guidelines and recommendations that assist travel health providers in giving the best possible advice to prospective travelers. Some of the reasons why guidelines differ include availability of products in different countries, a different cultural perception of risk, lack of evidence (or differing interpretations of the same evidence), and sometimes just honest differences in opinion among experts. 5

Vaccines Recommended for India Travel 6

The vaccination recommended for India travel includes yellow fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, tetanus-diphtheria, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, pneumococcal, typhoid fever, and some other selective vaccines like cholera, Japanese encephalitis, and rabies ( Table 1 ).

Travel is a good opportunity for the health care provider to review the immunization status of infants, children, adolescents and adults. Unimmunized or incompletely immunized travelers should be offered vaccination as recommended. A health care provider or travel medicine clinic should be consulted 2 to 3 mo in advance of travel in order to allow sufficient time for optimal immunization schedules to be completed. Vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of infectious diseases that may be countered abroad. But it is important to remember that all health problems faced by international travelers are not preventable by vaccines. It is also important to remember that immunization is not a substitute for safe practices, careful selection and handling of food and water.

10.4161/hv.27234

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

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Need travel vaccines? Plan ahead.

International travel increases your chances of getting and spreading diseases that are rare or not found in United States. Find out which travel vaccines you may need to help you stay healthy on your trip.

Before Travel

Make sure you are up-to-date on all of your routine vaccines . Routine vaccinations protect you from infectious diseases such as measles that can spread quickly in groups of unvaccinated people. Many diseases prevented by routine vaccination are not common in the United States but are still common in other countries.

Check CDC’s destination pages for travel health information . Check CDC’s webpage for your destination to see what vaccines or medicines you may need and what diseases or health risks are a concern at your destination.

Make an appointment with your healthcare provider or a travel health specialist  that takes place at least one month before you leave. They can help you get destination-specific vaccines, medicines, and information. Discussing your health concerns, itinerary, and planned activities with your provider allows them to give more specific advice and recommendations.

Because some vaccines require multiple doses, it’s best to see your health care provider as soon as possible.

Medicines to prevent malaria are pills that you start to take before travel. Take recommended medicines as directed. If your health care provider prescribes medicine for you, take the medicine as directed before, during, and after travel. 

Where can I get travel vaccines?

You may be able to get some travel vaccines from your primary healthcare provider. If you or your healthcare provider need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit CDC’s Find a Clinic page.

If yellow fever vaccine is recommended or required for your destination, you’ll need to go to a vaccine center authorized to give yellow fever vaccinations. Many yellow fever vaccine centers also provide other pre-travel health care services. Find an  authorized US yellow fever vaccine center .

Examples of Vaccines

Here is a list of possible vaccines that you may need to get for the first time or boosters before you travel.

• Cholera 
• Flu (Influenza)
• Hepatitis A   
• Hepatitis B   
• Japanese encephalitis   
• MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
• Meningococcal   
• Pneumococcal   
• Polio   
• Rabies   
• Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)
• Typhoid   
• Yellow fever

More Information

CDC Yellow Book: Travel Vaccine Summary Table

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Medical Value Travel in India - Challenges & The Way Forward

Medical Value Travel is gaining strategic importance given its ability to create employment, encourage cultural exchanges, improve positioning of the country by projecting its ‘soft power’ and earn foreign exchange for respective countries.

• Md. Wasim Ghori --> Md. Wasim Ghori , Executive Director, MaHIMA ,
• Updated On Feb 2, 2020 at 03:35 PM IST

With the advent of globalization and the emergence of the culture of consumerism, there is increasing tendency among people to travel in search of better quality andaffordable healthcareoptions, availability of the latest medical technologies and accreditations, facilitation around hospitality services and minimal waiting time. Furthermore, preferred destinations forMedical Value Travel has moved away from the developed markets of US and Western Europe to developing markets especially in Asia. With an increase in geriatric population and healthcare turning costlier in developed countries, several Asian countries have developed ecosystems necessary to become an MVT hub.

India currently ranks 5 th on the Medical Tourism Index globally among 41 major medical tourismdestinations. India with its ancient and modern heritage, diverse culture and astounding monuments is always an attraction for international tourists. Foreign patients coming to India for treatments, especially minor treatments, explore different tourist spots across the country. The pleasure and luxury coupled with world class treatment attracts patients from different regions of the world. This portrays a potential opportunity for India in becoming a future leader in medical tourism given the fact that it focuses on building infrastructure, technology & services and a seamless experience for international patients.

However, the potential of the medical tourism in India and making India a hub is still at the nascent stage. The stakeholders and the government have only been able to scratch the tip of the iceberg. Promoting and spreading awareness about the facilities has been one of the major challenges India is facing. India is witnessing strong competition from destinations like Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Turkey, South Korea with low cost options.

Few countries are entering in capacity building and resisting on allowing patients to travel and inthe process creating policies against medical travel which is again a challenge. In India, there is alack of cohesiveness amongst the major players in the industry to come together and representIndia on a world platform to acquire newer geographies. Apart from these, inconsistent feestructure and lack of transparency in billing to foreign patients and absurdly high margins to trade to refer patients are some of the challenges.

In order to maintain the competitive edge, it is important to focus and make necessaryinterventions related to each of the stakeholders in the value chain. The key stakeholders in theMVT value chain include government, healthcare service providers, regulators and accreditationagencies, facilitators and insurers.

The interventions may include:

a. Promoting India as a Medical and Health Tourism Destination at international platforms.

b. Forming institutions for regulation and implementation of MVT.

c. Constituting MVT Facilitators Association to promote self-regulation.

d. Coordinating with source governments to strengthen institutional tie-ups to boost MVTnumbers.

e. Categorizing healthcare service providers based on extent and quality of services.

f. Framing a comprehensive MVT policy and placing rigorous regulations.

Medical Value Travel industry is thriving in India and receives over 5 lacs medical value travelersannually from different source countries. With a strong target group-oriented branding andmarketing “Heal in India” campaign besides having a robust platform for patients to interact withdifferent stakeholders of industry coupled a well-defined code of conduct for MVTbusiness,India stands to elevate its existing position to become the most preferred MVT destination in theworld.

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• By Md. Wasim Ghori --> Md. Wasim Ghori , Executive Director, MaHIMA , -->
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