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Northern Ireland

Aug 17, 2020 | Countries

Northern Ireland by Train

A Travel Guide For Train Travel In Northern Ireland.

Here you will find information for Northern Ireland about trains, routes, tours, connections, where to buy train tickets, and more.

Useful Information

Population: 1 .88 million

Currency: Pound Sterling

Language: English, Irish

Capital: Belfast

Country Code: +44

Time Zone: Western European Time

Train Companies | Tickets | Rail Passes | Train Types | Routes   | Main Stations | Good To Know

Train Companies

All of the country’s trains are operated by Northern Ireland Railways (NI Railways ); however, in Ireland rail services are operated by Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail) .

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Train Tickets

Buy your tickets for Northern Ireland at the train station; however, if you are buying tickets for Dublin – Belfast routes , use the official Irish Rail page.

Buy your train tickets online at OMIO and compare trains, buses & flights.

Rail Passes

Interrail / eurail pass.

Do you want to travel throughout Europe flexibly and comfortably? Then the Interrail Pass is perfect for you. With the Interrail Pass, you can visit 40,000 destinations in 33 countries in Europe. You can travel for up to 3 months by train.

TrAIN tYPES

• National Trains
• International Trains
• Night Trains
• Special Trains

Regional Trains

The major rail network in Northern Ireland is composed of the following trains:

InterCity trains connect Belfast to Derry/Londonderry.

• 2nd Class (Standard): Rows of four seats (2+2)
• No reservation required, buy a ticket at the station, ticket purchase unavailable online.

Enterprise is co-run by Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail).

• 1st Class: Rows of three seats (2+1)
• No reservations required
• Trains are equipped with WiFi, electrical plug-ins, and air conditioning. Trains are also equipped with a buffet car offering a range of food and drinks.

There are no night trains in Northern Ireland.

Belmond Grand Hiberian

Frequently Travelled Routes In Northern Ireland

International, northern ireland travel routes, main train stations.

• Belfast Lanyon Place Station
• Londonderry

Good to know

Best time to travel to northern ireland.

We recommend traveling to Northern Ireland anytime from May to September. The Emerald Isle’s climate is rainy but less so in the spring, summer, and fall. Be prepared for cooler temperatures, at all times of the year, and don’t forget your umbrella! Visit the extensive Titanic museum in Belfast or walk around on the impressive Giant’s Causeway. Northern Ireland has plenty to do and see, rain or shine.

• High Season : June – August
• Low Season : September – May

Accommodation In Northern Ireland

The best place to find cheap hotels for is to book by www.booking.com . There you will find a large selection of cheap hotels, hostels, and apartments. > BOOK HERE

Hostelworld

If you are looking for a low budget accommodation, then go on www.hostelworld.com . They have the best choice of cheap hostels for backpackers and low budget travelers. > BOOK HERE

Guidebooks For Northern Ireland

Travel with a guidebook ease your journey to find best sights and things to do. Buy it on Amazon.

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Train travel in Northern Ireland

A guide to Northern Ireland for train travellers

Where to buy tickets for Northern Ireland

The trainline, booking platform.

The Trainline is a British digital rail and coach technology platform operating across Europe.

Omio is a German online travel comparison and booking website based in Berlin.

Places to go in Northern Ireland

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What to expect from the weather in northern ireland, accommodation, what are the business hours, what about travel visas, how much should you tip in northern ireland, tickets & schedules, latest inspiration.

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Travelling by train in Ireland: a practical guide

Why not take a train trip around the island of ireland a quiet, environmentally-friendly way to travel.

Dear travellers, fasten your seatbelts… er, no, unfasten them instead! Travelling by train in Ireland means enjoying freedom, comfort and a breathtaking view of the countryside, all without the hassle. fear of driving on the left ! If you too prefer greener, safer public transport, then you’ve come to the right place! Travelling to Ireland by train is particularly easy, provided you plan your journey in advance. Here are our tips for an incredible stay in Ireland!

Travelling by train in Ireland

Ireland’s rail network: your ticket to adventure.

Ireland’s rail network, managed by Irish Rail (Iarnród Éireann if you want to show off with some Gaelic), is your passport to discovering the country.

In Northern Ireland, the main train company is Translink , which operates under the name NI Railways (Northern Ireland Railways) .

With routes stretching from Dublin, Belfast , Cork and Galway to the remotest corners of the world, you can literally travel through picture-postcard panoramas while sipping a steaming cup of tea. Seductive, isn’t it?

Irish Rail covers a large part of the country, including many major tourist destinations. This makes trains convenient for exploring various parts of Ireland.

What’s more, trains on the Irish network offer a higher level of comfort than other means of transport. You can sit back, relax, read a book or simply enjoy the scenery as it passes by without worrying about driving or traffic… All this in a generally calm environment, conducive to relaxation and escape!

Book a ticket

Booking a train ticket in Ireland is child’s play. You can do this online on the Irish Rail website, via their mobile app, or directly at the station for the more adventurous who aren’t afraid to get to grips with the English language.

Friendly tip: book in advance for prices that are sweeter than a frothy Guinness !

Fares vary according to distance, train type and class. There are often special offers, especially out of season. For globetrotters, consider train passes such as the Irish Explorer Rail Card, which allow you to travel at will without breaking your piggy bank.

But beware: the train is clearly more expensive than the bus. Rates are often even higher than in countries such as France, Belgium, Germany and Spain.

A few more tips

Meet at the station in advance.

Trains are usually on time, but it’s always a good idea to leave a little margin. This allows you to discover the station, how it works, the track to get to and, of course, settle in without having to chase after your carriage.

Some trains offer catering services, but if you bring your own snacks, you won’t break the bank. Food sold in stations and on board Irish trains is generally more expensive than elsewhere.

So don’t hesitate to make yourself a good sandwich or buy one in a convenience store before your trip. You’ll make substantial savings.

All travelers prefer to be seated window-side. It’s a unique opportunity to discover the Irish landscape, with its breathtaking views of nature and the countryside… as well as its cities.

For long-legged passengers, we recommend aisle seats.

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Journey planner

Plan your public transport journey in Northern Ireland and choose the quickest route by bus or train from A to B.

Public transport options 

You can find information about bus, train, and Strangford ferry services at these links:

• Strangford ferry

Other journeys

There are a number of journey planning websites which can help you map out a trip you are intending to take.

• Google maps (for public transport and car journey planning)
• Cyclestreets (for cycle journey planning)
• Ordnance Survey NI (maps)
• Royal Mail (find a postcode or address)
• Walk NI (for planning walks)

Up-to-date traffic information in Northern Ireland

TrafficwatchNI provides traffic information to the public, including traffic bulletins, news and access to strategically-placed traffic cameras.

• TrafficwatchNI

Major road schemes

Find out about planned and current road schemes, including what's being done and how long it will take.

• Road improvement schemes 

More useful links

• Free bus travel and concessions 
• Bank holidays

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There are two rail networks operating in Ireland: Irish Rail in the Republic of Ireland and Translink in Northern Ireland. Dublin and Belfast are the key rail hubs, connecting travellers with cities and towns all over the island. The fast, efficient Enterprise train runs between Dublin (Connolly) and Belfast (Lanyon Place) and is generally the quickest way of travelling between the two cities.

Malahide, County Dublin

Malahide train station

Killiney, County Dublin

DART commuter train

Train journeys around Ireland

Getting around dublin.

The DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit) train runs from Howth and Malahide in north Dublin right into the heart of the city, stopping at pretty coastal towns and villages, such as Dalkey in south Dublin and terminating in Greystones in County Wicklow.

Hop aboard the Luas , the swift tram service with two lines (red and green) that travel within the city. It’s a quick and hassle-free way to tour Dublin, and also venture outside of the city centre to discover charming suburban spots such as Ranelagh and Phibsborough.

Got questions?

Irish Rail has a handy online guide that covers everything from WiFi and travelling with pets and bicycles to facilities for disabled travellers. Translink also has information about accessible travel .

Insider tip: Rail services will be less frequent on Sundays and on public holidays, so do check timetables before you set out on your journey.

Ireland by rail – highlights

One of the most stunning rail journeys on the island follows the south-east coast from Dublin down to the Rosslare Europort, and takes you through Ireland’s Ancient East .

The 45-minute route between the Walled City of Derry~Londonderry and Coleraine along the Causeway Coastal Route was hailed by comedian and travel documentary-maker Michael Palin as the "one of the most beautiful in the world".

Useful links

Main train stations on the island of ireland:,                                                                             , where do you want to go.

Do you feel like tasting wild Atlantic sea spray on your lips? Strolling through vibrant city streets? Exploring ancient ruins? Right this way…

Inspired To Explore

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Exploring the Emerald Isle: A Guide to Train Travel in Ireland

Ireland beckons visitors with its ageless charm and magnificent beauty, nestled among the rolling emerald hills, dramatic coasts, and charming villages. The Emerald Isle is tempting to adventurers, culture aficionados, and nature lovers alike because of its tranquil landscapes and energetic towns. Tourists have a few options to travel through Ireland, but one mode of transport stands out for its eco-friendliness and unhurried approach to exploration: train travel.

In this comprehensive guide, we invite you to embark on a journey through Ireland that’s as scenic as it is sustainable. Traveling by train in Ireland offers you the chance to fully immerse yourself in the nation’s soul-stirring scenery, rich history, and warm hospitality.

As you traverse the Irish rail network, you’ll discover the many facets of this enchanting island nation. The Irish trains will be your trusted companions, always eager to reveal breathtaking places, whether it’s in Dublin, the wild coastline of Cork, the culturally rich Galway, or somewhere in the north, like Belfast.

So, leave behind the stress of traffic, the environmental concerns of excessive emissions, and the limitations of a rigid itinerary. Let’s start a responsible and rewarding journey through Ireland. This guide will provide you all the knowledge you require to organize your rail travel trip, from picking your routes and purchasing your tickets to savoring the one-of-a-kind encounters along the way. Come along for a thrilling Irish adventure!

The Irish Rail Network

Overview of the irish rail system.

Ireland’s rail system crisscrosses the island and, despite being small compared to several larger European countries, is well-connected and efficient. It is run by Irish Rail (Iarnród Éireann) and is a dependable and beautiful means of transportation. Important things to remember are:

Coverage: The Irish rail network offers connections to important towns and cities in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It’s one of the best ways of discovering both sides of the border.

Modern Infrastructure: Over the years, investments have been made to upgrade the train system’s infrastructure, resulting in a comfortable and secure ride.

Routes with Beautiful Scenery: One of the most notable aspects of Irish train travel is the breathtaking scenery you’ll see along the journey. The views from the train windows are spectacular and always changing, ranging from seaside panoramas to lush countryside.

Major Train Routes and Destinations

Travelers can reach a variety of locations thanks to Ireland’s rail network. You can explore a number of important routes and locations, including:

Dublin: The nation’s capital acts as a primary hub, offering access to numerous locations throughout the country. Travelling from Dublin to places like Cork, Galway, Limerick, and Belfast is simple and accessible.

🔗 Related: What do people want to know about Dublin in 2023 according to Google?

Cork: Also referred to as the Rebel County, Cork is well-known for its historic sites, cultural landmarks, and energetic environment. The train journey to Cork is a delightful introduction to the charm of the south.

Galway: Galway is a vibrant and cultural center on the west coast and is frequently referred to as the “City of Tribes.” You may travel there by train from Dublin and other major cities to experience Connemara’s magnificent landscape, Irish music festivals, and other attractions.

Belfast: The capital of Northern Ireland, Belfast, is a city rich in history and culture. The train ride itself offers a glimpse into the changing landscape as you cross the border.

Types of Trains Available

The Irish rail system provides a range of train types that cater to various travel requirements:

Intercity Trains / IC: These are the primary mode of long-distance travel and connect major cities like Dublin, Cork, Limerick, and Belfast. They offer comfortable seating and often have dining cars.

Regional Trains: Regional trains connect Ireland’s smaller towns and cities and offer a convenient means to see the countryside.

Commuter Trains / COM : These serve the suburbs and commuter towns, making daily commuting for locals easy and efficient.

DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit) : Operating in and around Dublin, DART offers quick and convenient transportation within the city and along the coast.

Understanding the network’s coverage and the types of trains available before you start your Irish rail experience will help you plan your itinerary and take advantage of all that Ireland has to offer.

Advantages of Train Travel in Ireland

In Ireland, taking the train has several advantages that go beyond ease of travel. As you journey through the emerald landscapes, you’ll quickly realize why opting for trains is a smart choice for exploring the island.

Scenic Beauty Along the Tracks

One of the most compelling reasons to choose train travel in Ireland is the breathtaking scenery you’ll encounter along the way. And oh boy – Ireland’s rail lines pass through some of the world’s most beautiful landscapes. Highlights consist of:

Coastal Views: Numerous train routes follow the coastline and provide unimpeded views of the rugged cliffs, beautiful beaches, and the vast Atlantic Ocean. The Dublin to Belfast route, for instance, provides captivating coastal panoramas.

Countryside Charm :Traveling through the Irish countryside will reward you with views of tranquil farms, charming villages, and rolling green hills. The windows of your train become frames for postcard-worthy views.

Lakes & Rivers: Some routes meander along glistening lakes and peaceful rivers, providing moments of tranquility and reflection.

Environmental Benefits

Train travel is inherently eco-friendly, and this is especially important in today’s world. When you choose to explore Ireland by train, you contribute to the preservation of its natural beauty and enjoy these environmental benefits:

Reduced Carbon Footprint: Compared to cars or planes, trains are among the most energy-efficient forms of transportation in terms of greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile, so your trip will be eco-conscious.

Minimal Congestion : By choosing trains, you reduce and avoid road congestion, especially in places that are popular with tourists. This preserves the landscapes’ pure beauty in Ireland.

Comfort and Convenience

Ireland’s trains are renowned for their convenience and comfort. Here’s why it stands out:

Relaxed Transportation: When compared to other modes of transportation, train travel is more laid back. You are free to roam around, have a meal in the dining car, or just sit back and enjoy the views.

Punctuality : Irish Rail has a reputation for being on time. Trains typically leave and arrive on schedule, making it possible for you to confidently plan your itinerary.

🕒 Did you know? Irish Rail actually keeps track of their trains’ punctuality and reliability and you can check the numbers anytime on their website . New data is added every month.

Spacious Seating: Trains have roomy seats, allowing you to easily stretch out, work, or engage with other passengers comfortably.

Accessibility to Remote Areas

Ireland’s extensive rail network allows access to rural and off-the-beaten-path locations outside of its major towns. This accessibility opens up a world of possibilities for exploration:

Hidden Gems: Discover lovely towns, historic sites, and beautiful landscapes that might be overlooked by tourists who stick to major highways.

Local Connections: Talking to people who live in remote areas can provide you with rare cultural experiences and insights into the authentic Irish life.

In conclusion, selecting rail travel in Ireland involves more than just going from point A to point B; it also involves appreciating the journey itself. Train travel turns your vacation into a wonderful and responsible journey on the Emerald Isle, thanks to beautiful scenery, environmental advantages, comfort, and easy access to hidden gems.

Planning Your Train Journey

Planning a train journey through Ireland is a pivotal step toward ensuring a smooth and enjoyable exploration of this fascinating island. Here are some important things to take into account, regardless of whether you’re an experienced traveler or setting out on your first adventure:

Timetables and Schedules

Online Resources: Visit the official Irish Rail website or download their mobile app for Android or iOS to start your planning. These platforms offer the most recent schedules, route maps, and other important travel information.

Route Selection: Choose the routes that fit your desired timetables and destinations. The duration of the journey will be impacted by whether you choose scenic routes or direct connections.

Frequency: Be aware of how frequently trains travel on the route you have selected. Fewer options may be available on less-traveled routes whereas major routes may offer multiple daily departures.

Ticket Options and Pricing

Ticket Types: Irish Rail offers a variety of ticket types to cater to different traveler needs. These include single, round-trip, senior, student, or children discount tickets.

Leap Card: Consider obtaining a Leap Card if you want to utilize public transit regularly while visiting Ireland. Using this prepaid card to pay for trains, buses, and trams is convenient and economical, saving you about 30% of the normal costs for transportation. With a Leap Card you can ride DART, Dublin’s commuter rail, Dublin city buses, and Luas (the tram system in Dublin). Besides Dublin, you can also use it in other big Irish cities like Cork, Galway, Limerick or Waterford.

💳 Click here to find out more about the types of Leap Cards available for purchase.

Special Offers : Keep an eye out for special offers, promotions, and rail passes that may provide additional value or discounts for your journey.

Discounts and Special Offers

Group Travel : If you’re traveling with a group, inquire about group discounts. Irish Rail often provides reduced fares for parties of a certain size.

Booking In Advance: Booking your tickets in advance can sometimes yield lower prices, especially for intercity routes during peak travel seasons.

Rail and Stay Packages: Some travel packages offer discounts on accommodation and train travel, which can help you save money and make planning your trip easier.

Booking Tickets Online, at Stations or By Phone

Online booking: You can reserve your seats in advance and book your train tickets conveniently through the Irish Rail website or mobile app. When boarding, make sure to have your tickets printed out or available on your smartphone.

Ticket Counters : Many major stations have ticket counters staffed by Irish Rail personnel who can assist with ticket purchases and answer any questions you may have.

Ticket Machines: Train stations typically have ticket machines where passengers can buy tickets for immediate travel. These devices take both cash and credit cards.

By Phone: You can also reserve seats for train travel by calling +353 (0)1 8366 222 between 08:30-18:00, Monday to Friday

📅 Please note that reservations can be made with up to 90 days before the travel date.

Validation: Before boarding, validate your paper tickets if you have them. You can usually do this at the platform entry. Leap Cards, however, don’t require validation; simply tap on and off.

Top Destinations to Explore by Train

Ireland’s scenic rail routes will carry you to some of the most captivating and culturally rich destinations on the island. Here, we’ve highlighted a number of popular places you can visit by train, each of which has its own special charm and experiences:

Dublin: The Capital City

Must-Visit Attractions: Dublin is a treasure mine of history, culture, and entertainment, making it a must-see destination. Don’t forget to see the famous Temple Bar neighborhood, the historic Dublin Castle, and the ancient Book of Kells at Trinity College.

Day Trips from Dublin: Take advantage of Dublin’s convenient location to travel by train on day trips. Explore the medieval town of Kilkenny for its castle and thriving arts scene, or travel to the coastal village of Howth for breathtaking vistas and seafood.

Cork: The Rebel County

Cultural Highlights: The music and art scenes of Cork are thriving. Take a stroll along the River Lee, indulge in some local dishes in the English Market, and learn about the city’s turbulent past.

Scenic Journeys from Cork: Train rides to Blarney Castle, where you may kiss the Blarney Stone, or trips to Cobh, a charming harbor town with a Titanic connection, are both scenic excursions from Cork.

Galway: The City of Tribes

Festivals and Events: The Galway International Arts Festival and the Galway Races are only two of the many events that Galway is well-known for. Explore the bustling streets populated with street performers and buskers.

Visiting the Connemara Region: Take a train to the picturesque Connemara region, which is known for its untainted lakes, rocky scenery, and charming villages. Do not overlook the magnificent Kylemore Abbey.

Belfast: A Northern Irish Adventure

Historical and Cultural Landmarks: The Titanic Belfast Museum and the murals on the Falls Road and Shankill Road are just a few examples of Belfast’s rich historical tapestry. You can also explore the riverfront and the lively neighborhoods of the city.

Crossing the Border: Trains make it easy to cross the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, so you can visit both areas in one trip by taking the train from Dublin to Belfast.

These destinations act as entry points to Ireland’s rich history, culture, and natural beauty. The train rides themselves are an essential component of the vacation because they provide ever-changing panoramas and an idyllic way to travel to these amazing locations. Ireland’s train network offers a mean to explore vibrant cities, indulge in authentic Irish food, or lose yourself in the peaceful countryside.

Insider Tips for a Smooth Train Travel Experience

As you embark on your train travel adventure in Ireland, a few insider tips can help ensure a seamless and enjoyable journey:

Packing Essentials

Layered clothes: The Irish weather can be pretty chaotic, so bring layers so you can adjust as the weather changes. For exploration, a waterproof jacket and comfy shoes are necessary.

Electrical Adapters: Bring the necessary electrical adapters so you can charge your electronics (I did the mistake of forgetting to even check what type of chargers I need in Ireland and paid dearly for it). FYI Ireland uses Type G sockets, with a voltage of 230V and a frequency of 50Hz.

Travel Apps: Download travel apps, such as the Irish Rail app, for up-to-the-minute information on train schedules, ticket purchases, and platform details. You can also use apps like Visit a City to plan your itinerary.

🎒 If you love to travel light, here are some tips for packing your backpack like a pro.

Onboard Services and Amenities

Dining Options: There are numerous intercity trains that offer dining cars or trolley service with snacks and drinks. However, especially on regional routes, it’s a good idea to pack your own water and snacks.

Free Wi-Fi: Some trains offer free Wi-Fi, but since access can be spotty, don’t rely on it exclusively for work or entertainment purposes.

Restrooms: If you have a lengthy ride ahead of you, get familiar with where the restrooms are located on the train.

Dining Options

Meal hours: If you intend to eat in the dining car, pay attention to the meal times because they could not coincide with your plans. On busy routes, think about making a dinner reservation.

Local Cuisine: Take advantage of the chance to experience Irish cuisine by trying meals prepared onboard with local produce.

Etiquette and Guidelines

Respect Quiet Zones: Some trains include quiet zones where passengers are encouraged to keep noise to a minimum. Pick these locations if you want an undisturbed journey.

Ticket Validation: If you have a paper ticket, remember to validate it before boarding by using the machines at the platform entrance.

Luggage: Be respectful to other travelers when stowing your belongings. Avoid obstructing aisles by using overhead racks or dedicated storage areas.

Priority Seating: There are some seats where people with disabilities or those who need assistance have priority in seating. If you’re staying on such a seat and you see a person who might need it, please offer the spot to them. These seats are clearly marked.

Trash Disposal: To keep the train clean, place your trash in the designated bins.

Arrive Early: To ensure a stress-free boarding experience, be to the station plenty of time before your train departs.

Courtesy: Talk to other passengers in a respectful manner, but also show consideration for those who might prefer a quiet ride.

You can get the most out of your train journey in Ireland by following these suggestions. Whether you’re savoring the scenery, working on your laptop, or striking up a conversation with a fellow traveler, the train ride becomes an integral part of your adventure, promising both relaxation and discovery.

Exploring Ireland’s Rail Heritage

The rich railway heritage of Ireland is evidence of the country’s historical and cultural importance. Your train travel experience might be enhanced by learning more about this history, which also provides a window into the nation’s past. Here’s how you can immerse yourself in Ireland’s rail history:

Visiting Railway Museums and Heritage Centers

The Ulster Folk and Transport Museum (Cultra, Northern Ireland): This is a sizable museum that tells the story of Northern Ireland’s rail history while displaying a wonderful collection of vintage trains. Travel along a historic railway route while riding a steam engine or exploring old carriages.

Downpatrick and County Down Railway (Downpatrick, Northern Ireland): Visitors to the Downpatrick and County Down Railway can travel back in time by riding on restored steam trains at this volunteer-run railway and museum. It’s a delightful experience for railway enthusiasts and families alike.

Inch Abbey (Downpatrick, Northern Ireland): With its ruins and lovely surroundings, Inch Abbey offers a picturesque location just a short stroll from the Downpatrick and County Down Railway. It’s a terrific location for both relaxation and photography.

Bunratty Castle and Folk Park (County Clare, Republic of Ireland): Despite not being a dedicated railway museum, Bunratty Castle and Folk Park has a recreated 19th-century village including a train station. You may discover period-appropriate carriages and discover the history of Irish train travel.

Learning About Ireland’s Railway History

Guided Tours: Numerous rail museums and heritage sites provide informative guided tours that give historical context and engaging stories about Ireland’s railroads.

Exhibits and Displays: Visit the exhibits and displays at these museums to admire vintage locomotives, carriages and railway artifacts that have contributed to the history of the nation’s transportation.

Interactive Experiences: A few museums allow visitors to take rides on vintage trains or take part in historical reenactments.

Riding Vintage and Steam Trains

Steam Train Journeys: Look out for events and excursions that include steam train rides. These nostalgic tours provide a distinctive viewpoint on Ireland’s landscapes.

Heritage Railways: Some heritage railways around Ireland offer regular services using vintage locomotives and carriages. Riding on one of these trains is like travelling through time.

Exploring Ireland’s rail heritage not only adds depth to your journey but also allows you to appreciate the role of railways in shaping the country’s development. It’s an excellent way to connect with Ireland’s history and experience the magic of rail travel as it was in days gone by. Whether you’re a history buff, a railway enthusiast, or simply curious about the past, these heritage sites and experiences are a fascinating part of Ireland’s cultural tapestry.

Sustainability and the Future of Irish Rail

Modern transport must take sustainability into account, and Irish Rail has been making substantial efforts to lessen its carbon footprint while enhancing the rail experience. Here is a summary of Irish Rail travel’s future and sustainability initiatives:

Efforts to Reduce Carbon Footprint

Electrification: Irish Rail has gradually converted segments of its network to electric trains in order to replace diesel-powered ones. This change lowers emissions and contributes to a greener transport system.

Hydrogen-Powered Trains: Irish Rail is looking into using hydrogen-powered trains, which produce just water vapor as a byproduct. These trains use less energy and are more environmentally friendly.

Renewable Energy: To further lessen its dependency on fossil fuels, the rail operator is investing in renewable energy sources to power its trains.

Modernization and Expansion Plans

High-Speed Rail: Irish Rail has been looking into the viability of building high-speed rail connections between major cities, which would not only shorten travel times but also encourage more people to take trains rather than drive their own cars or fly.

Network Expansion: The rail network continues to expand, with plans to connect more regions and towns, making train travel more accessible to a wider population.

Accessibility Improvements: In order to promote inclusion in rail travel, efforts are being undertaken to improve the accessibility of stations and trains for passengers with disabilities.

Community Involvement and Engagement

Public consultations: Irish Rail actively seeks input from communities and passengers to shape its future plans. The requests and desires of the people who use train services are met thanks in part to public consultations.

Educational Initiatives: Irish train frequently collaborates with educational institutions and schools to promote the advantages of train travel and teach the next generation about sustainability and public transport.

Partnerships: Collaborations with environmental organizations and other stakeholders are helping Irish Rail implement sustainable practices and reduce its environmental impact.

With a strong emphasis on sustainability and a dedication to offering effective and accessible transit options, the future of Irish rail travel is optimistic. As these efforts continue to evolve, passengers can expect a greener, more interconnected rail network that not only preserves the natural beauty of Ireland but also contributes to a sustainable future for generations to come. Choosing the train as your form of transportation in Ireland not only enables you to take in the beautiful scenery, but it also fits with a responsible travel philosophy that puts the well-being of the planet first.

Challenges and Considerations

While there are many benefits to taking the train in Ireland, it’s important to be aware of any obstacles or factors that can hinder your trip. You can navigate these issues with ease by being well-informed and organized:

Potential Disruptions and Delays

Weather: Like I mentioned before, Ireland’s weather can be unpredictable, and unfavorable conditions, including intense rain or snow, could cause service interruptions or delays. During bad weather, it is wise to check for travel-related updates.

Engineering Projects: Irish Rail frequently upgrades and maintains the rail network. Train timetables may momentarily be impacted by these. Make sure you check in advance if a train operates or not and plan your trip accordingly.

Strike Actions: Labor disputes may result in strikes or other industrial actions that have an influence on rail services. Staying informed about potential strikes can help you adjust your travel plans if necessary.

Accessibility for People with Disabilities

Accessibility at Stations: Irish Rail is making efforts to make stations more accessible, although not all stations may be suitable for people with mobility problems. Make sure to do some prior study on stations and their facilities.

Assistance Services: In order to ensure that assistance is offered at stations and on trains, passengers with disabilities should notify Irish Rail in advance of particular needs.

Language and Cultural Differences

Language: While Irish (Gaeilge) is commonly spoken in various areas of Ireland, English is also widely spoken, particularly in urban areas. If you intend to travel to Gaeltacht regions, either a simple English phrasebook or an Irish language guide book will be useful.

Cultural Sensitivity: Although Ireland is famed for its hospitality, being aware of regional customs and etiquette, particularly in rural regions, might improve your experience there. Respect local customs and treat others with courtesy.

Currency: Ireland utilizes the Euro (EUR) as its currency. It’s essential to have cash on hand, especially in rural areas, as some smaller establishments may not accept credit or debit cards.

You may make your rail journey in Ireland more pleasurable and stress-free by taking into account these challenges and being ready for unexpected disruptions. To overcome any obstacles you may run into and truly appreciate the beauty and culture of the Emerald Isle when traveling by rail, flexibility and adaptability are essential.

If you decide to travel by rail in Ireland, you’ll discover a magical realm deep within the heart of the island. As we come to the end of this in-depth article on rail travel in Ireland, it is clear that this form of transport provides an amazing journey, one that transcends mere travel from place to place and evolves into a captivating adventure in its own right.

From the comfort of your train carriage, you can view the timeless beauty of coastal landscapes, rolling countryside, and charming towns as you travel the Irish rail network. The benefits of this convenient and environmentally friendly means of transportation are numerous, from lowering your carbon footprint to taking pleasure in the leisurely pace that enables you to fully appreciate the scenery and culture.

In this article, we visited some of Ireland’s most notable locations that can be accessed by railway, including Belfast, Cork, Galway, and the energetic Dublin. Every trip offers a window into Ireland’s diverse identity and includes scenic delights.

In conclusion, choosing train travel in Ireland is not just a means of reaching your destination; it’s an invitation to become a part of Ireland’s story. The train is a vessel that carries you through landscapes steeped in history and culture, allowing you to savor every moment of the journey. All aboard for a memorable Irish trip, where the final destination is simply the start of another story, whether you’re a seasoned traveler or a first-time visitor.

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Travelling by train in Northern Ireland with Northern Ireland Railways (NIR)

Train travel in Northern Ireland is a convenient and painless way of getting around the region, where available.

Where do the trains run in Northern Ireland?

Northern Ireland’s mainline network begins at the Irish border just north of Dundalk. It runs northwards through the major towns of Newry, Portadown, Lisburn, and terminates at Great Victoria Street in Belfast city centre.

Backtrack down the line south from Great Victoria Street and the railway splits off to the east, passing through City Hospital, Botanic, and Belfast Lanyon Place, the city’s second main station. The line then crosses the River Lagan, and splits once again eastwards to the seaside town of Bangor on the northeastern coast, and westwards to Larne, Coleraine, Portrush, and Derry/Londonderry.

There are no services to the western areas of NI, which has long been a big bone of contention for many living in the area. If you want to visit the west without a car, your best bets are the Goldliner intercity bus services operated by Translink.

Who operates the railways in Northern Ireland?

Passenger railway services are operated by Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) , a subsidiary of Translink – the public corporation operating public transport in NI.

Buying your tickets

There are 4 ways to buy your NIR tickets – buying them at the stations, buying them onboard the trains, buying them on the mLink app, and buying them on Translink’s website. Translink accepts only Pound Sterling for Northern Ireland Railways ticket purchases.

Buying your tickets at the train stations

Most major NIR stations feature a manned ticket hall. If you need a ticket, simply walk up to the counter and purchase one from the counter staff. The staff are also able to advise you about the discounted rates available for the day.

Both cash and card/contactless payments are accepted. Apple Pay and Google Wallet can also be used to pay for your ticket.

Buying your tickets onboard the trains

Not all NIR stations are manned, and a large number of the smaller halts and stations feature only platforms and a waiting shelter. In those cases, you have to approach the conductor onboard the train to purchase a ticket .

Buying your tickets on the mLink app

If dealing with paper tickets aren’t your thing, an alternative is Translink’s very own mLink app. This is a very simple app that allows you to purchase train and bus tickets for services throughout NI. It also saves you from having to explain to NIR staff that you were unable to purchase your ticket onboard the train.

The mLink app can be downloaded from both the Apple App Store and Google Play. You’ll need to sign up for an account with the app to be able to use it.

Buying your tickets on the Translink website

If you’d like, you can also purchase your train tickets on the Translink website . Simply enter your origin & destination stations and your date & time of travel, and the website will present you with a selection of scheduled services.

Once you’ve picked a service, you will then have the option of picking a ticket of your choice. Make the online payment and you will then receive your ticket. Simply show the ticket to the conductor onboard, just like any other train ticket.

How are the trains like?

NIR operates a fleet of smart looking, modern diesel multiple units. These are classified internally as NIR Class 3000 and NIR Class 4000 respectively. The Class 3000 sets were first delivered in 2003, whereas the Class 4000s saw their first deliveries in 2010 with additional extension carriages ordered and delivered in 2021.

All trains have identical interiors. They are generally clean and comfortable, and feature accessibility conveniences like an accessible toilet, and a dedicated space for wheelchair users.

I personally like the seats on NIR trains. They are decently comfortable for the longer distance services to Derry/Londonderry, and Portrush, and in general are a good fit for NIR’s hybrid commuter-intercity services. Note that there are no seat reservations onboard, so getting a good seat is on a first come first serve basis.

Can I bring bicycles onboard?

Yes, you can, except on weekday services before 0930am.

There are dedicated spaces for bicycles onboard the carriages at one of the ends of the trains – look out for the bicycle icon or just ask the conductor. These only allow a maximum of 4 full sized bicycles, and are on a first come first serve basis.

There are no limits placed on foldable bicycles.

External links

For more information and the latest travel updates, please visit –

• The Translink website
• The Translink twitter feed

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Northern Ireland Visitor's Guide Visitor's Guide

In peace, Northern Ireland has staked its rightful claim as one of the most beautiful, memorable and cultural regions to be found anywhere on the island of Ireland. Nowhere is Ireland's recent history more strongly felt than in the North, and any visit would be incomplete without uncovering this rich and vibrant culture.

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Top Attractions in Northern Ireland

Natural wonders and centuries of innovation and enterprise mean today's visitors to Northern Ireland are greeted with some of the island of Ireland's most unique attractions. Until recently, years of political unrest and uncertainty saw visitor numbers to Northern Ireland fail to grow at the same rate as the rest of Ireland.

After years of peace and relative calm, the people of Northern Ireland are proud to be given the chance to show off their top attractions. Below we have created a list of the top attractions in Northern Ireland, both man-made and natural.

For more ideas on things to do in Ireland, take a look at this great website: Ireland Before You Die .

Check out Belfast hop on hop off bus tours.

1 Belfast City

Since peace returned to Belfast in the late 1990s, Northern Ireland's capital has undergone an astonishing transformation. Once tied in with sectarian violence and, perhaps cruelly, lumped in with Bosnia, Beiruit and Baghdad on the list of places for globe-trotting tourists to avoid, the city is now a modern, thriving and cosmopolitan hub of hotels, restaurants and family-friendly attractions.

This transformation is made all the more evident in cultural representations of the region, which have at last moved beyond the all-too-predictable film and TV depictions of The Troubles with which the city become all but synonymous.

Just as Northern Ireland has garnered attention as the eye-catching backdrop to Game of Thrones, creating a sub-industry of its own comparable to "Tolkien Tourism", Belfast has gained added prominence as the location of the hit BBC drama series The Fall starring Gillian Anderson (The X Files, Hannibal) and Jamie Dornan (50 Shades of Grey).

For the best way to see Belfast City on foot, check out our Belfast City Walking Tour page .

Insider Tips

Right across the street, outside City Hall, you will find the meeting point for a free walking tour of the city which departs every day at 11:00 and 14:30.

2 The Giant's Causeway

According to Gaelic mythology, the causeway was built by the giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn MacCool) so that he could reach Scotland and fight with his Scottish rival, Benandonner. As with all great rivalries, the outcome varies depending on whose version is being recounted.

More scientific data suggests that the spectacular formation is a result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption around 50 to 60 million years ago. The 40,000 interlocking basalt columns were formed through the cooling and contracting of the resultant lava.

In 1693, the causeway began to enjoy international acclaim; Sir Richard Bulkeley, of Trinity College, mentioned the phenomenon in a paper presented to the Royal Society of London. In 1739, Susanna Drury really kick-started the global love affair with Giant's Causeway through her watercolour paintings, which were later engraved in 1743.

One legendary status which is not disputed, though, is the Causeway's immense pulling power as a tourist destination, with 750,000 visitors making the trip annually. Here, tourists can enjoy not only the geological feature itself, but also the modern and impressive Giant's Causeway Visitor Experience .

The walk to the Causeway itself can be a bit strenuous for those with lower mobility. Some stretches are steep and rocky. Sturdy shoes and some drinking water are recommended.

3 Derry / Londonderry

Although Derry's recent transformation is perhaps less dramatic than that of Belfast, visitors who come to Derry expecting a city still darkened by the long shadows of The Troubles will almost certainly be pleasantly surprised. In anticipation of the city's status as UK City of Culture 2013, Derry received considerable investment and underwent a rejuvenating makeover.

Visitors and locals alike can look to the Peace Bridge, Ebrington Square, the redeveloped waterfront and the Guildhall area as examples of a city which has shaken off its outdated stereotype, under whose weight Derry had unfairly served as a metaphor for Ulster's violent past. In the city which greets tourists so warmly today, visitors will find plenty of enjoyable diversions.

Visitors who wish to gain the fullest appreciation of this side of Derry should make time for Free Derry Corner , the Bloody Sunday Memorial , the People's Gallery Murals and the Museum of Free Derry . View the Visit Derry website for more information .

If you'd like to to see how best to explore Derry City on foot, take a look at our Derry City Walking Tour page .

If you're visiting in October, be sure to stick around for Halloween which is a major event in the city and culminates in the largest street party in Europe. Just remember to wrap up warm!

4 Titanic Belfast

The angular edifice which houses The Titanic Experience is so evocative of the transformation which Belfast has undergone in recent years that it has become almost as iconic as the ill-fated ship to whose short history this attraction is dedicated.

An extensive multimedia tribute to the world's most famous ocean liner, The Titanic Experience is located at the top of the slipway from which the ship made its first and only descent into the Belfast Lough and the waters of the Irish Sea beyond. Opened in 2012 for the centenary of the ship's launch and tragic demise, the museum has rapidly become Ulster's most visited tourist destination, outstripping even The Giant's Causeway .

Cleverly put together, the attraction encapsulates more than simply the scale of the ship, more even than the scale of the disaster which befell it; drawing on all the sights, sounds and smells of the age, the museum recreates all facets of this most fascinating period of history, bringing to life the experiences not only of the passengers but also of the ship workers who realized this vision of early twentieth century engineering.

As the museum gets busy, be sure to take advantage of the downstairs left-luggage lockers. More space and comfort for you and your fellow visitors.

5 Murals of Belfast

Although their history spans over a century, and although they began as a unionist motif, it was in the early 1980s that Belfast's iconic murals would gain the prominence that now draws tourists, when Republican depictions of the infamous hunger strike of Bobby Sands and his follow prisoners began to spread across Republican districts of the city.

For two decades, murals on both sides of the city voiced the deep divisions between communities whose differences seemed insurmountable. On the Unionist side, the imagery was chiefly militaristic, with slogans like "No Surrender" a near-constant refrain. In Republican communities, depictions drew on a more diverse palette of cultural and historical symbolism, but their message was no less clear and no less divisive.

To get the most out of a trip to Belfast and its rich history, a local tour guide is recommended.

6 Guildhall

Lording it over an open expanse of fountains and marbled stone, Guildhall rises to majestic heights to take its place on the Derry skyline. A £10m renovation in 2013 has brought the very best out of what was already a magnificent structure of stone and stained-glass. As well serving an important civic function for the city (it was the seat of the historic Bloody Sunday Inquiry headed by Lord Saville from 2000 to 2005), Guildhall has become a nexus for Derry tourism and a focal point for most visits here. View the Visit Derry website for more information .

If you're are heading to Derry specifically to see the Guildhall, then be sure to call ahead and check what times are best to visit. Some days, areas of the building are closed for private functions.

7 Walled City

Ireland's first attempt at town planning, modelled in 1545 on the French town of Vitry-le-François. Visit derrywalls.com for further information. Those interested in architecture should allow time to visit St Columb's Cathedral, situated within the city walls.

A good local tour guide is recommended to get the most of this historic city and its iconic fortifications.

8 Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge

A handy stop-off point between The Giant's Causeway and Ballycastle, the Carrick-a-Rede rope bridge is a dizzying experience to be enjoyed or studiously avoided, depending on your head for heights. Looking like something from an Indiana Jones movie, the rope bridge conveys locals and tourists alike across the 20-metre chasm between the sea cliffs and the island of Carrick-a-Rede.

The bridge which draws visitors today is actually a stronger and safer version of the original which was put up every spring by fishermen whose nets, cast from the island's northern cliffs, would intercept migrating salmon. Today, there is a small visitor centre, a café and a car park.

The bridge itself is very sturdy and only bounces if people jump while crossing it. Take a deep breath and go for it!

9 Glenariff Waterfall Walk

Glenariff Waterfall Walk is one of a series of walks in the Glenariff Forest Park, County Antrim. The forest is laid out with pathways and steps for people to explore. It might take up to 2 hours walking to reach the payoff, the waterfall, but it is well worth the wait. The walk which leads to the waterfall is a little strenuous and is not advisable for everyone. The steps are steeper and can become slippery on approach.

All trails are well-signposted and have clearly defined pathways. Bring sturdy shoes and a sense of adventure.

10 Ballymacdermott Court Tomb

Ballymacdermott Court Tomb, located on Ballymacdermott Mountain in County Armagh, is a megalith portal tomb. It dates from between 4000 and 2500 B.C. The tomb was excavated twice, in 1816 and 1962. The first excavation unearthed pulverised human bones in an urn while the second discovered human cremations. During the second excavation, archaeologists found that some of the stones in the tomb had been recently disturbed, locals informed them that this was caused by an American tank during World War II.

A beautiful spot but fairly exposed so be sure to wrap up on a blustery day.

11 Stairway to Heaven

The Stairway to Heaven, officially known as the Cuilcagh Mountain Trail, is a 4 and a half-mile walkway through bogland in County Fermanagh. The walkway was constructed to protect the rare blanket bog that was being eroded by walkers in the area. The walkway ascends to over 550 metres to the Cuilcagh Mountain face.

Bring cash for the carpark and a flask of something that warms the cockles while you take in the amazing views.

Getting to Northern Ireland

The easiest way to travel into Northern Ireland, if it is possible, is to aim for Belfast City. It is the capital city of Northern Ireland and is the area that all roads in the north eventually lead to. For simplicity, the following section will be mainly focusing on getting in and out of here. Think of Belfast City as the base of Northern Ireland, from there you can explore the smaller towns and villages of the region.

Arriving by Plane

From the uk and europe.

There are 3 International airports in Northern Ireland. In Londonderry, there is the City of Derry Airport and in Belfast City, there is George Best Belfast City Airport (Named after former Northern Ireland and Manchester United soccer player) and Belfast International Airport. These airports operate flights from the UK as well as Holland, Spain and Portugal.

From North America

Dublin Airport is the most convenient airport for visitors to Northern Ireland coming from the United States and Canada. You can travel to and from Dublin Airport to Belfast City in a number of ways. If you are renting a car in Dublin Airport be sure to book a Sat-Nav as well. This will come in handy to find your way out of Dublin city more than anything else. Once you find your way onto the M1 motorway the rest of the journey is pretty much plain sailing. Just remember that once you cross the border into Northern Ireland that the speed limit is read in miles per hour, whereas in the Republic it is in kilometres per hour. You can also avail of the direct bus from Dublin Airport to Belfast City via Aircoach and Expressway , this journey takes, on average, 2 hours and costs around 13 euro one-way.

Arriving by Bus

The main bus station in Belfast City is Europa Buscentre. Based in the city centre and servicing both Belfast airports and Dublin Airport. Europa Buscentre also has a route to Dublin City, which in turn connects you with the other cities in the Republic of Ireland. There is also a bus route running from Londonderry to Dublin , this route can have as much as three change overs and takes 4 hours 20 minutes.

Arriving by Train

The best way to enter Northern Ireland via train is also via Belfast City. The Dublin train runs from Connolly Station to Lanyon Place in Belfast. There is an average of eight trains per day, leaving every hour and 40 minutes, starting at 7:35 am and finishing at 8:45 pm. The quickest of these routes takes two hours and five-minutes. Dublin also acts as the change over point if you are taking the train to or from Belfast to any other city in Ireland.

Arriving by Car

If you have gotten to grips with driving in the Republic of Ireland and are crossing the border into Northern Ireland there are a few things to look out for. The roads of Northern Ireland are categorised the same as all other countries in the UK. The letter 'M' stands for motorway, the next most important roads are classed with the letter 'A', the next with the letter 'B' and so on. Both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland drive on the left-hand side of the road and both use the 'Roundabout' system. The only real difference to keep in mind is that the measurement of speed in Northern Ireland is miles per hour while in the Republic it's kilometres per hour. To make it a little more tricky, the speed limit often appears on road signs as just a number in both countries.

Arriving by Ferry

There is a ferry route running between Larne, County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Cairnryan in Scotland and from Belfast City to Liverpool in England.

Getting around in Northern Ireland

Rail & Bus Services

One of the most cost-effective ways to travel around Northern Ireland is by bus. Translink is the main bus and train operator in Northern Ireland. They offer a great range of combo deal tickets and Smartcards which help lower your day to day travel cost.

Visitors can avail of the Ramblers Bus Service which is designed to make the more remote areas of Northern Ireland more accessible. If you are planning to travel around Belfast on public transport then the Belfast Visitor Pass from Translink is definitely worth a look. This gives you unlimited travel on all Metro, NI Railways and Ulsterbus services for £6.50 per day.

Just-Eat Bikes (Belfast only)

Belfast City runs a bike hire scheme, sponsored by the food delivery company Just Eat. It is a cost effective and quick way to get around the city. There are around 40 stations in total, each within close proximity to another.

A user must first create an account on the website , there is a £5 sign up fee which then goes towards your account as credit. You can choose from three different pricing options.

• Pay as you go: 30 minutes for £1
• Casual: 3 days for £6
• Annual: £25 per year

Taxis in Northern Ireland are broken down by classes A,B,C and D. Class A and B taxis are regular taxi cabs that can be hailed on the street or phoned from a base.

These class of taxis have an initial charge (up to 0.5 miles of £3). One mile is £3.80 and every additional mile is £1.60. Class C taxis are ones that are used chauffeur services, weddings and funerals, the above maximum fare structure does not apply to Class C taxis. Class D is Taxi Buses and again the maximum fare structure does not apply to these.

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Adare Village and Thatched Cottages

About Adare Village and Thatched Cottages

Adare is a small town in Co. Limerick, known for its quaint and colourful thatched cottages. Adare is considered to be one of Ireland's most beautiful towns so stop and take in the view. Don't forget your camera today - the perfect chance to capture the essence of old Ireland.

Explore Adare Village along the Wild Atlantic Way .

Black Taxi Tour Belfast

About Black Taxi Tour Belfast

Take a journey through this once troubled city. See the murals of the Loyalist Shankill Road & Nationalist Falls Road. The Troubles took their toll on the economic life of Belfast, but the past ten years of peace have returned much prosperity while the genuine friendliness of the city never left.

Blarney Woollen Mills

About Blarney Woollen Mills

Originally built in 1823, Blarney Woollen Mills was mainly used for the spinning and weaving of wool. After it closed in 1973, it reopened in 1975 — as an Irish heritage shop.

Visit their website...

Culloden Battlefield

About Culloden Battlefield

The Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre commemorates the last pitched battle fought on British soil, in April 1746. Learn more about the Jacobite intent to overthrow the House of Hanover and return the House of Stuart to the British throne.

Glenveagh Castle

About Glenveagh Castle

Located within Glenveagh National Park, Glenveagh Castle was built by Captain John George Adair between 1870 and 1873. Having made his fortune through land speculation in America, Adair return to Ireland and began large amounts of land in County Donegal. The castle was built in the Scottish Baronial style and is surrounded by a garden and commands stunning views of the nearby mountains, lakes, woodlands and valleys.

Highland Folk Museum

About Highland Folk Museum

About Highland Folk Museum is a museum and open-air attraction located in the Scottish Highlands. It is designed to showcase the domestic and working lives of the early highland people.

King John's Castle

About King John's Castle

Located alongside the River Shannon in County Limerick, on King's Island. Dating back to 922, to a time when Vikings were the inhabitants of the island (Thormodr Helgason, the Viking sea-king, built the first settlement here. The castle itself was built in 1200, under the instruction of King John of England.

About Moriarty's

Located close to the Killarney National Park, Moriarty's is an Authentic Irish Gift Store and Restaurant. Hand crafted Irish jewellery, Waterford Crystal and classic and modern tweed fashions and furnishings are all on offer at the gift store. The restaurant is an 85 seater offering stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Mount Congreve Gardens

About Mount Congreve Gardens

Mount Congreve Gardens. Located in Kilmeaden, County Waterford, Mount Congreve Gardens is an 18th century Georgian estate and mansion. It was designed by the same architect that created both of Waterford's cathedrals, John Roberts.

Mount Stewart House & Gardens

About Mount Stewart House & Gardens

Recently recognised as being one of the top 10 gardens in the world, Mount Stewart is a rich tapestry of planting plant life and stunning walking trails. The house dates back to the 19th century, and was the Irish seat of the Vane-Tempest-Stewart family.

Muckross House

About Muckross House

Located on the grounds of the expansive and idyllic Killarney National Park. Muckross House, and its 11,000-acre grounds, was donated to the Irish state in 1932.

Muckross House Traditional Farms

About Muckross House Traditional Farms

Located on the grounds of the picturesque Muckross House and its impeccable gardens. Take a step back in time and see the Irish farming lifestyle of the 1930s and '40s. A time when the horse was responsible for much of the labour and the weather was the be all and end all in terms of production.

The Quiet Man Museum

About The Quiet Man Museum

The Quiet Man Museum. A reproduction of the quaint thatched cottage from the John Wayne starring, John Ford directed movie of the same name. all costumes, artefacts and furnishings have been recreated in precise detail, to reflect the setting of the 1952 classic. Located in the picturesque village of Cong, County Mayo.

Ireland Travel Guide

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The Man in Seat 61

How to travel by train & ferry

London to belfast & n.i..

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Train travel UK & Ireland...

Train travel in europe..., train travel in asia..., train travel in africa..., train travel in america..., train travel in australasia, london to belfast for £58.

It's a secret!  You can buy a combined train+ferry SailRail ticket between Belfast & any station in Britain in either direction via Cairnryan or Holyhead, see the route map below .  It's the traditional way, through the countryside by train and across the Irish Sea by ferry, the eco-friendly alternative to a flight .  Bring a bottle of wine with you on the train (try that on Ryanair), sit back with a good book & enjoy the ride.  This page explains routes , timetables , fares & how to buy tickets .

Which route to choose ?

Take a morning train from London to Holyhead in Wales then the afternoon Irish Ferries sailing to Dublin, for just £51.10, or £57.50 when the cheaper tickets sell out.  Then take an evening Enterprise express from Dublin to Belfast for only €15.99.  A SailRail ticket gets you from any station in Britain to Dublin, train+ferry all on one ticket.  See schedules, fares, how to buy tickets .

London to Belfast for £58, any day, any date.  Leave London on an early morning train to Glasgow, take an onward train to Ayr and the Stena Line transfer bus to Cairnryan for the ferry to Belfast.  One ticket covers the whole journey, any station in Britain to Belfast.  See schedules, fares, how to buy tickets .

Leave central London after 5pm, Birmingham or Manchester after 6pm by train to Liverpool, sleep in a comfortable private cabin with shower & toilet on the overnight Stena Line ferry from Birkenhead and arrive in Belfast in time for breakfast!  This makes eco-friendly business trips or weekends away feasible without the pain of the plane.  See schedules, fares & how to buy tickets .

Route map     Click for detailed map

London to Belfast via Dublin

The route via Holyhead takes you through Dublin, why not stop off for a while?  The Holyhead route takes about the same time as the Cairnryan route, see which timetable suits you best.  By all means go out one way, back the other!

London ► Belfast

Step 1, travel from London to Dublin by train & ferry, leaving London Euston by train at 09:02 on Mondays-Saturdays or 08:15 Sundays for Holyhead, connecting with the 14:10 Irish Ferries sailing to Dublin port arriving 17:25.  For details, see the London-Dublin page .

Transfer by shuttle bus 2 miles from Dublin Ferryport to Dublin George's Quay in the city centre, arriving 18:30, and stroll to Connolly station.  Or take a taxi from the ferry terminal to Connolly station.

Step 2, travel from Dublin to Belfast, leaving Dublin Connolly at 19:00 by Enterprise Express , arriving Belfast Lanyon Place (formerly Belfast Central) at 21:10.  You can check times at www.irishrail.ie .

Other options are available via this route, including an overnight London-Dublin service with morning train connection from Belfast.  See the London to Dublin page for all London-Dublin options.  Then see www.irishrail.ie for Dublin-Belfast train times.  Allow plenty of time in Dublin for connections.  There are Enterprise expresses from Dublin Connolly station to Belfast every hour or two from around 07:00 to around 20:00, journey time 2 hours.

Belfast ► London

Step 1, travel from Belfast Lanyon Place (formerly Belfast Central) to Dublin Connolly by Enterprise Express , on any afternoon or evening train you like.

Stay overnight in Dublin .  In fact, there's an overnight Dublin-London ferry+train service, but without any sleeping accommodation so it's not great, but if you want to use it, it departs Dublin Ferryport at 20:55 and arrives London 08:36, see the timetable here .  I'd get some sleep & travel; next day.

Step 2, next day travel from Dublin to London by ferry & train, leaving Dublin George's Quay bus stop 135111 at 06:45 by Nolan's bus or using a taxi to connect with the luxurious Irish Ferries Ulysses leaving at 08:05 and arriving Holyhead at 11:30.  A train connection will get you to London Euston station at 16:35 Mondays-Saturdays, 16:36 on Sundays.  For full details see the Dublin-London page .

Other options are available via Dublin & Holyhead, including an overnight Dublin-London service with evening connection from Belfast.  See the London to Dublin page for all options, then see www.irishrail.ie for Dublin-Belfast train times.  Allow plenty of time in Dublin to make connections.  There are Enterprise expresses from Belfast to Dublin every hour or two throughout the day, journey time 2 hours.

How much does it cost ?

London-Dublin costs £51.10

This is the one-way fare if you book by 18:00 the day before travel.  It costs £57.50 if you buy your ticket on the day or if the £51.10 rate has sold out.  A return = two one-ways.

This is a SailRail fare, train & ferry combined on one inclusive ticket.  Fares are available from any British station to Dublin, see the London to Dublin page for prices from anywhere in Britain to Dublin .

As they are so cheap anyway, there are no railcard discounts on SailRail tickets.

Children aged 5 to 15 travel at 50% of the fares shown above.  On SailRail journeys, children under 16 must be accompanied by an adult.  Unaccompanied children 16-17 years old must have written authority to travel from their parent or guardian.

Dublin-Belfast costs €15.99

How to buy tickets

This is the Transport for Wales website, they manage SailRail fares on behalf of all National Rail operators and can sell tickets to Dublin from London or any station in Britain .

For Dublin, type station code DFP and select Dublin Ferryport .

You can book days, weeks, maybe a month or two ahead.  You can't book months and months in advance and don't need to.  More info .

Or buy by phone on 03333 211 202, lines open 08:00-20:00 Mondays-Fridays, 0900-1700 weekends.

You collect tickets from the ticket machines at any main British station, or tickets can be sent to any UK address including Northern Ireland for £0.95 by 1st class post or £8.88 Royal Mail next-day tracked.

Important:   tfw.wales can sell tickets in either direction, but tickets cannot be collected in Ireland.  To book journeys from Dublin to anywhere in Britain with ticket collection at the Irish Ferries desk at Dublin port, book with Irishferries.com as shown here .

Dogs, cats, bikes...

Bicycles go for £10 each way on Irish Ferries.  Pre-booking is recommended, email Irish Ferries at [email protected] .  Bikes are carried free on trains to Holyhead, but a bike reservation is compulsory on Avanti West Coast trains (3-bike limit), recommended for TfW (2-bike limit).

Dogs & cats go free on the trains.  Irish Ferries & Stena Line allow foot passengers to take small dogs or cats if they're in a container which you can carry onto the ferry.  The dogs or cats must travel in their container on the car deck or in the kennel area, see www.irishferries.com or www.stenaline.co.uk/faqs for details.  Guide dogs can be taken into the passengers areas, other dogs cannot.

What's the journey like?

See the London to Dublin journey in pictures & video on the London to Dublin page

See the Dublin to Belfast Enterprise pictures & video here .

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London to Belfast via Cairnryan

Timetable northbound.

How to read these timetables:   Each column is a service you can take, and you read downwards.  You change trains at each of the grey bars.

You take a 125 mph Avanti West Coast Pendolino train from London to Glasgow.  In 2011, Stena Line stopped using Stranraer and switched to Cairnryan, so you now need to take a train from Glasgow to Ayr, then a special Stena Line connecting coach from Ayr to Cairnryan to connect with the Cairnryan-Belfast ferry.  Times may vary on Saturdays & Sundays due to engineering work, so always check train & ferry times for your date of travel using tfw.wales or www.nationalrail.co.uk .

Belfast Port Stena Line terminal is at the far end of West Bank Road, see map showing Stena Line terminal .  A taxi from central Belfast costs around £15.  Translink's Metro 96 bus links Belfast Upper Queen Street with the Westbank Road Stena Line terminal for £2.20, see www.translink.co.uk click 'Routes & timetables', 'Metro' and search for Metro 96.  The bus is connects with most ferry arrivals and departures, but not the 07:30 departure on Sundays, so you'll need a taxi for that.  Note that Stena Line has two terminals in Belfast, one for Cairnryan and one for Liverpool, the Cairnryan terminal is slightly further from Belfast city centre than the Liverpool one.

Timetable southbound

From any other station in Britain to or from Belfast , simply use tfw.wales to find train+ferry times for your date of travel.

How much does it cost?

These are Advance fares, you must book by 18:00 the day before travel, only valid on the specific trains booked.  Only Advance fares exist on this route now.

From Edinburgh, Glasgow & some other stations there are also flexible Anytime fares which can be bought on the day, at the same price as these Advance fares.

Return fares are simply two one-ways.

Check fares at the Stena Line website by selecting Rail & Sail and then using the journey planner.

Senior or young persons railcard holders get a 34% discount on these fares.  No discount with family railcard.

Children aged 5 to 15 travel at 50% of the fare.  Children under 5 go free, no ticket necessary.

You cannot stop off with a SailRail ticket, except as necessary to make connections.  If you want to stop off, you'll need to buy separate tickets for each stage.

Remember, these fares are centre to centre, not airport to airport.  When comparing, add at least £15 one-way or £30 return to the cost of the flight to cover the train ride from London to Heathrow, Luton, Stansted or Gatwick airports, plus baggage fees, airport taxes and more!

Londonderry/Derry:   Change in Belfast for the Belfast to Londonderry train .

Select Belfast Port (BFA) for journeys via Cairnryan, you can save time by just typing station code BFA.

Video guide :  Belfast to Glasgow & London via Cairnryan

London to belfast via liverpool, overnight in comfort with private cabin with shower & toilet.

Stena Line offer a time-effective overnight ferry from Liverpool (in fact, Birkenhead) to Belfast with comfy en suite cabins making an eco-friendly business trip or weekend away feasible without the pain of the plane, see the photos below & watch the video guide here .  There's also a leisurely daytime service.  Brand new energy-efficient ships Stena Embla and Stena Edda were introduced on this route in 2020-2021.

Leave Belfast by ferry after 10pm in a private en suite cabin arriving Liverpool 06:30, arrive by train in Manchester 9am, London or Birmingham 10am.

Leave London after 5pm, Birmingham, Manchester or Leeds after 6pm, sail from Liverpool after 10pm, sleep in a private en suite cabin, arrive Belfast 06:30.

How much does it cost?     How to buy tickets    See map showing ferry terminal, Hamilton Square & Lime Street stations

If you're coming from Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds or anywhere else, simply look up train times to Birkenhead Hamilton Square at www.nationalrail.co.uk , with an arrival at least 90 minutes or so before the ferry sails.

You can double-check ferry times at www.stenaline.co.uk .  Train times are guides only, even the ones shown on the Stena Line site are a guide only, always check them for your date of travel at www.avantiwestcoast.co.uk .  You usually need to change at Liverpool Lime Street for Birkenhead Hamilton Square. 

Cabins are optional, but typically cost around £60 per cabin for a 4-bed inside cabin with shower, toilet & free WiFi, rising to £90 for a Comfort Class outside cabin with shower, toilet, satellite TV, tea & coffee making facilities, complimentary fruit bowl & soft drinks, free WiFi.

About the journey to Belfast

The terminal building has vending machines toilets and free WiFi.  When the ship is ready for boarding, a minibus shuttles you from the terminal building right onto the car-deck of the ferry from where an escalator takes you up into the passenger accommodation.  If you have a cabin you can ask to keep your bags with you, but normally they ask you to check in your larger bags at the terminal building and pick them up again on the other side, leaving you free to use the ferry's restaurants, bars and cinema un-encumbered. 

The ships are the Stena Embla (day crossing) and Stena Edda (night crossing), brand new in 2020/21 with excellent on-board facilities and private cabins.

About the journey from Belfast

It's a 20-minute walk from the Stena Line ferry terminal to Birkenhead Hamilton Square station, see map of walking route , or a 5-minute taxi ride.  Enter the station and descend to the platforms by lift.  Hop on the next train to Liverpool, they run every few minutes and are usually shown as going to Liverpool Central.  This train is included in your SailRail ticket.  Get off at Liverpool Lime Street, just 3 stops and take the escalators to Liverpool Lime Street mainline station above ground.

The journey in pictures

Video guide :   belfast to london overnight.

The video shows how good the journey can be.  Since the video was made, Avanti West Coast have taken over from Virgin Trains and Stena has introduced new and even better ships on this route.

Holidays & breaks to Belfast

Short break packages from the UK to Ireland always involve flights, don't they?  No they don't!  Tailor Made Rail can organise a short break to Belfast by train & ferry starting from your local station, with hotels and transfers included as a package.

Call their dedicated seat61 phone line 020 3778 1461 and quote seat 61 when booking.  From outside the UK call +44 20 3778 1461.  Lines open 09:00-17:30 Monday-Friday.  Their website is www.tailormaderail.com/destinations/ireland .

Hotels in Belfast

More history than most hotels 3 times its age: the europa.

Opened in 1971, Belfast's famous Europa Hotel has more history than most hotels three times its age.  It was the hotel used by journalists such as Trevor MacDonald, Kate Adie, John Simpson during the Troubles in the 1970s and 80s, when it earned the title of Most Bombed Hotel in Europe.  Indeed, it suffered so many bomb attacks and had so many windows boarded it up, it was also known as the Hardboard Hotel.  Yet it stayed open in spite of everything, a true survivor.  And today it's a fabulous place to stay, ideally located next to Great Victoria Street Station and across the road from the famous Crown Bar .  You'll find a book about the history of the hotel in your room for you to read, and a display case on the first floor near the piano with some hotel memorabilia.  There's also a railway connection, as it was built on the site of the Great Northern Railway terminus, the ancestor of today's Great Victoria Street station.

Other hotel sites worth a look

www.tripadvisor.com is a huge resource, a good place to browse independent travellers' reviews of all the main hotels in Belfast & NI.

Backpacker hostels

If you're on a tight budget, don't forget the hostels.  For a dorm bed or an ultra-cheap private room in backpacker hostels in Belfast and most European cities use www.hostelworld.com .

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Belfast to Dublin Train

Dublin to belfast train, dublin to galway train, galway to dublin train, cork to dublin train, dublin to limerick train.

Dublin-Belfast train to take less than two hours and run hourly after multimillion investment

Funding totalling €165 million towards the scheme announced by peace plus programme.

Enterprise journey times will be reduced to 'at least one hour 55 minutes' between Dublin and Belfast as part of the new project. Photograph: Dara Mac Dónaill

Journey times on the main Belfast to Dublin train are to be cut to under two hours following a multimillion-euro investment that aims to transform the cross-Border service.

An hourly timetable will operate, while the existing fleet of four Enterprise trains will be replaced with eight modern and sustainable trains initially running on electricity and battery power.

Covering a distance of 180km, the first Enterprise seven-carriage steam train travelled from Belfast to Dublin on August 11th, 1947.

Journey times are currently between two hours and five minutes and 2¼ hours, with stops in Portadown, Newry, Dundalk and Drogheda.

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A service leaves Dublin or Belfast roughly every two hours.

Enterprise journey times will be reduced to “at least one hour 55 minutes” between the two cities as part of the new project.

Funding totalling €165 million towards the scheme was announced on Tuesday by the Peace Plus programme, which is provided by the European Union, the UK and the Irish Government and the Stormont Executive.

The development comes two months after the Government pledged €12.5 million as part of the Shared Island initiative to provide hourly train services between Belfast and Dublin during peak times – with the hope of introducing the new timetable next year.

The Enterprise service is jointly operated by Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann and a 2029 target has been set for the new fleet to begin running, with a move towards a “fully electrified cross-Border rail corridor over the coming decades”.

It aims to support goals of net-zero carbon emissions.

Funding is also being provided for the Enterprise fleet replacement programme by two government departments, Stormont’s department for infrastructure and the Government’s Department of Transport.

A procurement process is expected to be completed over the coming year.

Welcoming the announcement, European Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms Elisa Ferreira said the thrust of the programme had always been “transformation, regeneration and creating thriving communities”.

“The investment will bring concrete benefits for the local communities. Citizens and businesses will have easier and quicker access to Dublin and Belfast and be more connected. This will help the local communities grow and create opportunities, while delivering on the net-zero carbon emissions goal,” she said.

Stormont’s department for infrastructure minister, John O’Dowd, said the new fleet would “pave the way for the Enterprise service to become the first electrified intercity service on the island which will support our decarbonisation commitments”.

Department for Transport Minister Eamon Ryan TD also welcomed the initiative.

“This is another indication of the ambition we have to put the island of Ireland on track for a new age of rail, connecting more cities and towns and opening up quality rail service to more people.”

The Peace Plus programme has a total value of €1.14 billion and is designed to promote peace and prosperity across the North and the Border areas over the next five years.

In addition to sustainable transport, it supports activities linked to health and social care, the protection of the environment, rural regeneration, smart towns and villages, local regeneration and mental health services.

Northern Secretary Chris Heaton-Harris said the “fantastic investment” in the Enterprise fleet would lead to the transformation of cross-Border rail services.

Special EU Programmes Body chief executive Gina McIntyre said: “We know that transport is a crucial economic driver as it connects businesses with markets and facilitates employee mobility, as well as providing access to education, health and leisure services. This major investment in the transformation of the Enterprise service will serve as a catalyst for regeneration and economic growth for all areas along the Dublin-to-Belfast economic corridor.”

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Seanín Graham

Seanín Graham is Northern Correspondent of The Irish Times

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Belfast to Dublin rail service will see sub-two hour journey times after £140m investment

• Northern Ireland
• Tuesday 9 April 2024 at 5:48pm

Belfast to Dublin rail journeys will take less than two hours as new trains are set to replace the current fleet.

The PEACEPLUS programme funding of £140million for the cross-border rail service was announced on Tuesday.

The ‘Enterprise Fleet Replacement Programme’ will see eight new sets of trains replace the four sets currently operating the Belfast-Dublin service.

The programme aims to have the new trains operating from 2029 and operating an hourly timetable of services, and reduce journey times to "at least 1 hour 55 minutes."

The trains will initially be electric and battery power, however PEACEPLUS says they "can be converted into fully electric operation in the future" as part of the goal of an all-island electric rail corridor.

Figures from all governments involved said that this service will support movement towards decarbonisation or net zero goals.

It is also hoped the investment will improve accesibility and passenger exeperience.

Funding for the project is also coming from the Department of Infrastructure and the Irish Department of Transport.

Infratstructure Minister John O'Dowd said it was an "exciting time for rail travel" and that the new fleet, "will pave the way for the Enterprise service to become the first electrified inter-city service on the island which will support our decarbonisation commitments".

He added: "The investment will improve the experience of people travelling by train and encourage others to use these services. By doing so you will be playing your part in our shared journey to net zero as well as enjoying the many benefits to be gained by rail travel.”

Eamon Ryan TD, the Department of Transport Minister in the Republic of Ireland welcomed the investment in a "flagship" service, saying that it is a "well-known symbol of North-South cooperation and this replacement programme is a key priority of both Governments.

"The programme will significantly improve accessibility between the two largest cities on the island through increased service frequency and a faster journey time. "This is another indication of the ambition we have to put the island of Ireland on track for a new age of rail, connecting more cities and towns and opening up quality rail service to more people. "The funding for this programme under the PEACEPLUS programme and from both Government Departments demonstrates the positive impact cooperation has on meeting our shared goals of a cleaner, greener, interconnected all-island future.”

PEACEPLUS is a programme run in partnership between the European Union, the UK and Irish governments and the Northern Ireland Executive.

The programme is worth €1.14billion (£976m) and is managed by the EU.

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Belfast-Dublin rail to see multi-million investment

Cross-border rail services between Belfast and Dublin are set to benefit from a £141.9m investment.

The investment is part of the Peace Plus initiative which funds projects in Northern Ireland and border counties.

The funding will support a major programme aimed at providing an hourly service between Belfast and Dublin.

As part of this all existing Enterprise trains are to be replaced with brand new trains by the end of this decade leading to faster journey times.

Funding is also being provided by the Department for Infrastructure (DfI) in Northern Ireland and the Department of Transport in the Republic of Ireland.

Jointly operated by Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann, the Enterprise train service has provided a transport link between Belfast and Dublin for over 75 years.

• Belfast-Dublin Enterprise rail link marks 75 years
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The funding will see the current fleet of four train sets replaced with eight newer and more sustainable sets.

These new trains will reduce journey times to one hour and 55 minutes between the two cities.

The procurement process for the new train-sets is expected to be completed over the next year.

They are expected to be in operation from 2029.

Designed to run on electric and battery power for part of the route, there will be the option to convert them to fully electric in future.

The infrastructure minister John O'Dowd says it is an "exciting time for rail travel".

"The new fleet will pave the way for the Enterprise service to become the first electrified inter-city service on the island which will support our decarbonisation commitments."

Northern Ireland Secretary Chris Heaton-Harris said the investment will "create unique and exciting opportunities" in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

"We should not underestimate the impact that this infrastructure will have on the economic growth of the region, by ensuring there are the right conditions in place to thrive, prosper and be the best place in the world to invest."

Ireland's transport minister Eamon Ryan said: "This is another indication of the ambition we have to put the island of Ireland on track for a new age of rail, connecting more cities and towns and opening up quality rail service to more people."

What is Peace Plus?

The new funding scheme was launched in September 2023.

It replaced a pre-Brexit peace scheme, which had been in operation since 1995.

The scheme applies to Northern Ireland and the border counties of the Republic of Ireland - Donegal, Sligo, Leitrim, Cavan, Monaghan and Louth.

It is the successor to the Peace IV scheme, which focuses on children and young people, shared education, shared spaces and positive local relations.

Some of the best known projects include the Peace Bridge over the River Foyle and the regeneration of the Girdwood Barracks in north Belfast.

Peace Plus is funded by the UK, Ireland and the EU.

Peace Plus is being managed by the Special European Union Programmes Body (SEUPB).

Its chief executive Gina McIntyre said the investment would serve as a "catalyst for regeneration and economic growth for all areas along the Dublin to Belfast economic corridor".

She added: "This ambitious and forward-looking project will deliver on both of those aspirations by enhancing the economic viability of the region, while improving the social connectivity between people and place."

European Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms Elisa Ferreira said the investment brings "concrete benefits" with better connectivity between Belfast and Dublin.

"This will help the local communities grow and create opportunities, while delivering on the net zero carbon emissions goal."

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Women in Ireland more likely to be low paid than in Northern Ireland – report

A narrower gender pay gap in northern ireland is partly down to a higher percentage of public sector workers, researchers said..

Women in Ireland are more likely to be low-paid than those in Northern Ireland, according to a report.

The report’s authors suggested that a more narrow gender pay gap in Northern Ireland was because of a higher percentage of public sector workers in the region.

The study looked at pay, education and levels of women’s participation in the workforce and what influence factors such as childcare have on female employment.

It found that women’s participation in the labour force is at 76% in Ireland and 72% in Northern Ireland, compared with 88% for men in Ireland and 81% in Northern Ireland.

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The gender pay gap among full-time workers is higher in Ireland than in Northern Ireland, and women are 21% more likely to be part-time workers in both jurisdictions.

The report, which warned that pay comparisons “should be treated with some caution”, found that women were more likely to be low paid in Ireland than in Northern Ireland.

Some 25% of women and 18% of men in Ireland were classified as ‘low paid’ according to the research, while 21% of women and 14% of men in Northern Ireland were classified as low-paid or earn less than two-thirds of the median hourly pay.

One of the researchers, Garance Hingre, said that the proportion of people classified as ‘high earners’ and ‘low earners’ was greater in Ireland than north of the border, and “suggests that earnings may be more unequal in Ireland than in Northern Ireland”.

“Working in the private sector is associated with a higher probability of being low paid,” she said.

Professor Helen Russell of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) said they roughly estimated public sector workers as those employed in the health, education, public administration and defence sectors.

In Northern Ireland, 53% of working women work in those sectors while south of the border it is around 43%, she said.

“In general, that’s having a protective effect so they have a lower risk of being in the low pay group,” she said.

“We’ve seen this in lots of other research as well that that actually tends to narrow the gender pay gap if you’ve got more people in the public sector so I think that’s probably some of what’s going on.”

Professor Russell also said the educational differences between north and south were “quite stark”, and the research also found that higher education offered strong protection against low pay in both jurisdictions.

Ms Hingre highlighted graphs that indicated the gender pay gap between men and women both north and south of the border fell as levels of education increased.

Professor Russell also said that Ireland and the UK usually feature in the bottom end of international comparisons of childcare affordability, another factor influencing women’s participation in the workforce.

Some 75% of employed men in Ireland and 56% of employed men in Northern Ireland work more than 38 hours a week, while for women in Ireland and Northern Ireland the figures are 43% and 21% respectively.

Part-time workers, considered to work less than 30 hours a week, were significantly more likely to be women – 29% of employed women compared with 9% of men in Ireland, and 35% of employed women compared with 9% of men in Northern Ireland.

Equality commissioner for Northern Ireland Darren McKinstry said there appeared to be a fragility to the labour market in Northern Ireland, evidenced by shorter periods in education, lower accessibility of childcare, and the higher proportion of women working part-time.

He said that education was key in building up resilience to “challenge that fragility” and said the “value of flexibility” was important, such as access to childcare or for “sandwich care” – caring for the young and the elderly.

Dr Iris Elliot, head of policy and research at the Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission, said that there were some figures on disability in the report but none around race or ethnicity, which are known factors that influence workforce participation and pay.

She said there may be a false perception that there is progress on equality issues in Ireland in the wake of some referendum results in the country.

She also raised the importance of comparable data between north and south which could be more difficult after Brexit.

This is the 12th report from ESRI carried out in partnership with the Shared Island initiative.

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