e travel org

Philippine Travel Information System

Announcement

You may only register within 72 hours prior to your arrival or departure in the Philippines. Travelers are enjoined to present their eTravel QR code to flight boarding.

Frequently Asked Questions

In response to the IATF directive eArrivalCard will be officially replaced by eTravel which incorporates the health declaration checklist.

What is IATF?

The Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) is a task force organized by the Government of the Philippines to respond to affairs concerning emerging infectious diseases in the country. The IATF-EID convened in January 2020 to address the growing viral outbreak in Wuhan, China which was eventually called COVID-19. On March 9, 2020, President Duterte called the IATF-EID amidst the rising cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. The IATF-EID is composed of the following executive departments and agencies: Chair: Department of Health Co-Chair: Department of National Defense Members: Department of Agriculture; Department of Budget and Management; Department of Education; Department of Finance; Department of Foreign Affairs; Department of Information and Communications Technology; Department of the Interior and Local Government; Department of Justice; Department of Labor and Employment; Department of Migrant Workers; Department of Public Works and Highways; Department of Science and Technology; Department of Social Welfare and Development; Department of the Interior and Local Government; Department of Tourism; Department of Trade and Industry; Department of Transportation; Office of the Executive Secretary; Office of the Press Secretary; Presidential Management Staff; Office of the Special Assistant to the President; Commission on Higher Education; Technical Education and Skills Development Authority; National Economic and Development Authority; Office of the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel; and Civil Service Commission.

What does Fully Vaccinated mean?

F“Fully Vaccinated” against COVID-19 is defined as a traveler who has second (2nd) dose in a 2 dose series or a single dose COVID-19 vaccine MORE THAN Fourteen (14) days prior to the date and time of departure from the country of origin/port of embarkation (“Primary Series COVID-19 Vaccination”).

What does Booster mean?

“Booster” shot shall refer to doses administered to a vaccinated population that has completed a primary vaccination series.

Why do I need to register to the eTravel?

Starting 01 September 2021, all incoming travelers to the Philippines are advised to use the eTravel registration system as mandated by IATF Resolution No. 135 dated 26 August 2021.

What is the official website of the eTravel?

The https://etravel.gov.ph/ is the ONLY OFFICIAL registration website for all international inbound travelers to the Philippines.

Do I need to pay for the registration of eTravel?

eTravel registration is FREE OF CHARGE and does not collect or require any form of online payment. BEWARE of fake, fraudulent, or scam websites and entities which require payment upon registration.

Do I need to download an application to use the eTravel?

No. eTravel is an information system that is mobile responsive, and a web based online platform. To use the eTravel, all you need is a smartphone or tablet or laptop or personal computer. You can open the eTravel using a mobile or computer internet browser.

Do I need an internet connection to use the eTravel?

Yes. eTravel is an online platform and therefore can only be used when you have an internet access. It is highly recommended to use eTravel while you have good and stable internet connection.

Can I register few days before the flight (before I travel)?

Yes. You may only register within 3 days (or 72 hours) prior to your arrival in the Philippines. Travelers are enjoined to present their proof of valid eTravel registration prior to flight boarding. It is important that your recent declaration of health condition is within 72 hours before arrival.

Is all information asked in the eTravel relevant to Health Declaration Checklist requirement?

Yes. Although some questions were added so that the system can determine your category based on the IATF requirements such as age, traveler classification, itinerary, etc. so you can be categorized and easily assisted/guided by the health border authorities when you arrive at the airport or seaport.

What is eHDC?

It stands for "electronic Health Declaration Card". This is the same yellow paper form which was previously used to be filled out manually by all arriving travelers in the Philippines and submitted to BOQ upon arrival. Instead of this, the eTravel replaces it digitally and your proof of registration and submission is the QR Code form that you receive upon successful registration with the eTravel.

What is the difference between the Green QR Code and Red QR Code of eTravel?

The GREEN QR Code is issued by the eTravel system when your submission of the required information and attachments are complete and complies with the IATF latest entry protocols ( IATF Resolution No. 2, s. 2022 ) . On the other hand, you will be issued a Reg QR Code in case you have missing requirements and you will be interviewed upon arrival at the airport by a BOQ personnel to manually verify and determine if you will be required to undergo facility-based quarantine and RT-PCR Testing.

What do I need to do after I register?

Take a screenshot or Download of your personal QR Code before closing or exiting the eTravel webiste or application. You will be required to show this QR code to an airline representative before being allowed to board your flight. Upon arrival in the Philippines, you must present this QR code to the BOQ Quarantine officers for verification.

What happens if I have a QR Code issued upon successful registration with eTravel?

If you received a QR Code upon registration with eTravel, you are pre-qualified for the express lane upon your arrival at the airport/seaport. This means that there’s no need to show the other documents to the Quarantine Officer. However, the data are still reviewed and verified by the BOQ before your actual arrival at the airport in case you have submitted wrongful information and/or the supporting documents you have submitted or uploaded, such as the vaccination or COVID-19 test, is incomplete or incorrect, you will be flagged by the BOQ and may still be required to undergo manual verification upon arrival. Therefore, ensure that you have properly filled out your information and submitted the correct document.

What happens if I have a Red QR Code issued upon successful registration with eTravel?

You will be manually verified by the Quarantine Officers and determine if you are compliant with the entry protocol set by the Philippine Government. It is necessary to show the specific documents which will be asked from you by the officer.

What is “Express Lane”?

Express lane has been included in the eTravel process to provide further convenience to the health protocol compliant international inbound travelers. When you are issued a Green QR Code and the information and supporting documents you have submitted during online registration has been approved, you are qualified in the express lane where your Green QR Code will be scanned and tagged for your arrival date and time. There may be no further interview or need for submission of any documents.

What is Manual Process?

Manual process is required for travelers issued with a Red QR Code. This is to verify and determine if you are compliant with the health protocol requirements of entering the Philippines. This also happens when your submitted information or uploaded documents needed evaluation upon arrival.

Does it automatically mean that I will be quarantined if I am manually processed upon arrival by BOQ?

No. If BOQ is able to verify your information and found you to be compliant based on the entry requirements, you will be advised to proceed to Immigration without the need for facility-based quarantine.

Can I print my eTravel personal QR code instead of screenshot?

Yes. You can print this for presentation at airport/seaport of origin and upon arrival in the Philippines. Yet again, for your convenience, you may as well take a screenshot or click download to save your eTravel personal QR code in your smartphone for presentation at the airport/seaport and upon arrival in the Philippines.

I lost the screenshot of my personal QR Code, what do I do?

If you registered within 72 hours prior to your arrival to the Philippines, you may retrieve your personal QR Code and view some of your details using the "Edit Registration” tab in the eTravel website. To open my profile, go to the eTravel etravel.gov.ph/search and enter your reference number and date of birth then press the CONTINUE button as shown in the blue box below.

I made a mistake. Can I still edit my information after I have successfully registered?

For as long as you have not been processed, verified, and tagged as arrived by the border health authorities (BOQ) in the eTravel you may still change some of your information in the eTravel through the “Edit Registration” tab in the eTravel website. You will not be able to edit your data once you have arrived, verified and tagged as arrived by the Quarantine Officer. The editable information are mainly the data that is needed during the issuance of your quarantine certificate (i.e. arrival date, address, other personal info).

I have registered more than once in the eTravel for my travel, which QR code should I use?

You may use either of the QR Code but you should only choose one to present upon your arrival. Only the verified QR Code by BOQ upon your arrival at the airport/seaport is valid for your travel. Presenting different QR code during the process may cause delay or inconvenience for you.

Why can I not use the same QR Code next flight?

In compliance with the Republic Act No. 10173 (otherwise known as the “Data Privacy Act”), all sensitive personal information is immediately deleted from the eTravel database after you have been completely processed based on the quarantine and health protocol set by the Government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and for disease surveillance and response. Your personal eTravel QR Code is therefore issued per transaction in the system and new registration is required for each travel.

How many days is the quarantine period?

1. FULLY VACCINATED- 7 days 2. PARTIALLY/UNVACCINATED- 10 days

What if the result of my COVID-19 RT-PCR is positive?

You will receive a call from the BOQ Operation Center to give instructions on your isolation procedure.

Which COVID-19 laboratory will test me?

There are twelve (12) accredited laboratories for testing of international inbound traveler to ensure service level agreement. These laboratories are required to visit and conduct testing at your quarantine hotels and are mandated to release the result within 24 hours from the time of testing. Here are the list of laboratories: 1. AL MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY 2. CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER 3. DETOXICARE MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY 4. FIRSTAIDE DIAGNOSTIC CENTER 5. INTRAMUROS MOLECULAR LABORATORY 6. JT CENICA MEDICAL HEALTH SYSTEM 7. KAIROS DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY 8. PHILIPPINE AIRPORT DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY 9. PHILIPPINE RED CROSS 10. SAFEGUARD DNA DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY 11. THE LORDS GRACE MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CLINIC

Can I select which laboratory I will be tested?

Yes, but you may only choose from the list of accredited laboratories. You can select the laboratory when you are processed by the BOQ at the airport/seaport of your arrival. You will be asked by BOQ to choose from the list your preferred laboratory.

What will I present as proof that I have completed the quarantine requirement?

You will need the BOQ Quarantine Certificate as proof of your quarantine completion. You will not be allowed by the Hotel to check out unless you are able to show valid Quarantine Certificate from BOQ.

How do I get the BOQ Quarantine Certificate?

You are only able to get the BOQ Quarantine Certificate if you have been tested by an accredited COVID-19 laboratory and you are found NEGATIVE from COVID-19. BOQ Quarantine Certificate will be issued by the BOQ Medical Team in charge at the isolation facility. Your Quarantine Certificate will only be available if your test is NEGATIVE.

Philippine One-Stop Electronic Travel Declaration System

Initiative of the Government of the Philippines:

E-TRAVEL REGISTRATION REMINDER

The Philippine Embassy in Washington D.C. reminds the public that all travelers to the Philippines are required to register at https://etravel.gov.ph/ , which is an online portal for the implementation of the electronic passenger registration and Health Declaration Checklist (HDC).

e-Travel registration is FREE OF CHARGE and does not collect or require any form of online payment. Please beware of fake, fraudulent, or scam websites and entities, which require payment upon registration.

The website https://etravel.gov.p h / is the ONLY OFFICIAL registration website for all travelers to the Philippines.

• phembassywdc
• July 21, 2023

Traveling to the Philippines: How to Get eTRAVEL QR CODE Online (Arrival Card)

Are you traveling to the Philippines? ALL incoming international travelers including Filipino citizens and foreigners, adults and children, must secure an eTravel QR code online 72 HOURS or THREE DAYS before your arrival.

Just like the old One Health Pass and eArrival Card, this new eTravel QR system serves as an all-in-one online platform for the arrival card, health declaration, and contact tracing.

But don’t worry, it’s easy to get one. In this article, we’ll walk you through the process one step at a time. Here’s how to do it.

WHAT'S COVERED IN THIS GUIDE?

1. Go to eTravel official website.

The official website is https://etravel.gov.ph .

Make sure it’s the legitimate website. Note that eTravel QR Code is FREE of charge. If you landed on a website requiring you to pay for the service, it’s a scam.

2. Start your registration.

On the home page, you’ll see the registration section. For Filipino citizens, click the PHILIPPINE PASSPORT HOLDER box. Then, start entering the following details:

• Transportation Type
• Date of Arrival
• Email Address

Tick the DATA PRIVACY AND AFFIDAVIT OF UNDERTAKING box. It’s easy to miss because the tick box is quite small, but you’ll find it before the CONTINUE button.

When you check that, a page will pop. Read first, then click the YES, I AGREE button.

Finally, hit the CONTINUE button.

3. Provide your Personal Information.

Enter the following details:

• Passport Number
• Citizenship
• Country of Birth
• Mobile Number

If the system detected that you belong to the (legal) working age group, it will require you to answer the OCCUPATION section. Choose your professional field. If you can’t find it in the choices, select OTHERS . When you are done, click NEXT .

4. Enter your address.

You will be asked to provide your specific address down to house number or unit number.

If you live in Metro Manila, choose National Capital Region or NCR.

5. Submit your travel details.

Enter the following travel information:

• Arrival Date
• Country of Origin
• Purpose of Travel
• Flight Number
• Seat Number (optional)
• Name of Airline
• Airport of Arrival
• Traveller Type (aircraft passenger or flight crew).

When you are done, click NEXT .

6. Accomplish the Health Declaration Form

This includes your Vaccination Details. If you are fully vaccinated, answer NO for the section asking if you have a negative Antigen Test result. After that are the usual ‘Yes or No’ questions about history of exposure and if you’ve been sick in the past 30 days. After answering all the items, click ‘NEXT’.

7. Review the information you encoded.

Read the summary of all the details you provided. If you need to change or correct something, just click the pencil symbol on the upper right portion of the category you want to edit. If you are good and you have nothing to correct, click SUBMIT .

8. Download your QR Code.

Congratulations! You will instantly receive your QR Code.

Don’t forget to download or screenshot it! You’ll be presenting it upon arrival in the Philippines.

• If your QR Code page is GREEN , it means you met the travel requirements and you can directly go to express lane where you will have the BOQ officer scan your QR Code.
• If your QR Code page is RED , you have to let the Quarantine Officer manually verify the required additional documents to determine if you are compliant with the entry protocols set by the Philippine government. Travelers who usually get RED-marked QR Code are the unvaccinated and the partially vaccinated. Again, check the entry guideline set by the Philippine Government first before traveling to the Philippines.

One QR Code is issued per transaction and per entry. You can only use it once and you need to register again and get a new QR Code the next time you travel to the Philippines.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

I want to change something after generating the qr code. how to correct it.

You can still edit your info if you noticed a typo error or you entered wrong data. However, note that you can only do this BEFORE it gets validated or verified by the BOQ officer upon your arrival sa Pilipinas. Ensure that you make your corrections before your flight to the Philippines.

To do this, just go to the main page or home page of eTravel, then click the UPDATE REGISTRATION button. Provide your reference number or transaction number and birth date.

At what point of the airport process should I present the QR code?

From the team’s experience, we were asked to present our QR Codes at these stations:

• Check-in Counter, before departure abroad (at the country of origin)
• Bureau of Quarantine Area, after deplaning and before the Immigration counters in the Philippines. The staff/officers will be scanning the QR code. It’s a very quick and smooth process if you have a green QR code.

The staff may also ask for it at the boarding gate (country of origin/abroad), so just ready your copy during these times.

ATTENTION! Travel requirements change from time to time, so it’s best to check with the government of the country you want to visit the updated travel restrictions and requirements before you travel. For the Philippine’s updated entry requirements, you can check the official eTravel website: https://etravel.gov.ph/entry-guidelines.

Do I still need to accomplish One Health Pass and eArrival Card?

No need. The eTravel has officially replaced the now obsolete One Health Pass and eArrival Card starting 2 December 2022.

To be honest, all these systems are very similar. The changes are not too drastic. Some items were removed such as the Philhealth Number, and then some required items are now optional. The noticeable difference is not really the content but the appearance or the user interface.

Do I have to pay for eTravel QR Code? How much is the charge?

No, you don’t need to pay anything for the eTravel QR Code. It is FREE of charge. If you landed on a website requiring you to pay for the service, it’s a scam.

Is there a Tagalog version of this article?

Yes. Ganito Friend has a Tagalog video version on YouTube. You can find it here .

More Tips on YouTube ⬇️⬇️⬇️

Is this post helpful to you?

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what option should I choose after my vacation in let’s say Japan, and I’m just going back home to the Philippines?

purpose of travel: what option should I choose after my vacation in let’s say Japan, and I’m just going back home to the Philippines?

I’m vaccinated with j&j. do I need to have booster for my etravel application

Hi Mary Grace, ‘yan ung 1 dose lang po ano? Afaik, hindi na required ang booster now.

yes po.color blu3 nging color ng qr code ko then n/a Yung lumabas dun sa health survey.ok lng po b yun?

ohhh.. for departure pala ung Blue QR code.. ung health declaration daw will be edited for Arrival na.

naku blue din ung sa akin.. nagskip siya sa health declaration na part. tapos di naman ma-edit. weird.

hello po ano po update sa color blue na qr code po? color blue rin po sakin

nakaalis naman po kayo ng walang issue sa blue QR code?

Ay. Naku di ko po alam pag blue yung QR code. Green and red lang po ung naeencounter namin. Green is diretso na, tas pag red, need pa ng additional docs to verify. Pero pag blue po, hindi ko po alam. :(

Manila to cebu need pa ba etravel again? If Foreign passport holder

Hi just to clarify, do employees fall under worker/labourer? Ty

Pano ung unvaccinated ..no chance po ba mkatravel po? Salamat po sa sasagot?

Wat if the qr code or reference# can’t save immigetly and the fillup form back again for signing? Please helo

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E-visit for International Travel

Due to the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, the cdc and our travel medicine physicians do not recommend international travel. if patients must travel, wait until they are fully vaccin​ated against covid-19., how is risk-​​​​level for travel determined.

• Risk level is based on the patients’ medical conditions, itineraries and destinations
• The E-visit will identify and direct non low-risk travelers to schedule a TAV with our travel nurses

​​Is it for adult and pediatric travelers?

• Travelers of all ages should complete the E-visit 4-6 weeks prior to departure
• Parents should complete an E-visit for each child

​Which destinations are currently available on the E-visit?

• Covid-19 is a recognized risk for travel regardless of destination
• Travelers to these countries may qualify to complete the E-visit:
• Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Ukraine
• Selected regions within Mexico, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam

​What are high-risk medical conditions?

• Pregnancy, breastfeeding
• Immunosuppressive conditions or medications
• Behind on immunizations

​What are high-risk itineraries?

• Last-minute, urgent travelers
• Frequent, direct contact with animals
• Travel to rural areas, remote regions
• Health care workers intending to provide medical care abroad
• Trips lasting more than a month
• Adventurous activities
• Any other activities that pose risks for infection, injury, etc.

​Are TAVs with Travel Nurses still available?

• TAVs with travel nurses are available and bookable on kp.org or via AACC
• Travelers should be encouraged to use the E-visit first . This may save them time and expedite care for their trips.

​Which travelers do NOT need to complete the E-visit or have a travel TAV?

• Traveling domestically (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico) or within North America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand
• If only requesting pre-travel Covid-19 testing, direct patients to use the Coronavirus/Covid-19 Concerns E-visit instead

​​Is there an up-to-date resource for travel concerns?

• Travel during a pandemic is very dynamic.  Refer to the Covid-19 travel FAQ on the clinical library:   https://cl.kp.org/ncal/clib/guidelines/covid-19/travel-workflows.html ​
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We provide Christian global opportunities that will challenge individuals to consider God’s purpose in their lives through international site talks, incredible nature excursions, or simple intentional conversations.

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IOM report: 1 in 3 migrant deaths occurs in transit while fleeing conflict

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One in three migrant deaths happens while people flee conflict, the UN migration agency, IOM, said on Tuesday. More than two in three migrants whose deaths have been documented remain unidentified. 

Last year was the deadliest on record , with 8,541 migrant victims. Nearly 60 per cent of deaths were linked to drowning . 

UNmigration

So far in 2024, the trends are just as alarming. Along the Mediterranean sea route alone – while arrivals this year are significantly lower (16,818) compared to the same period in 2023 (26,984) – the number of deaths is nearly as high as before, with 956 registered since 1 January.   

Unidentified, under-reported 

IOM noted that that the number of unidentified deaths remains high – more than two in three migrants - leaving families and communities to grapple with the lack of clarity about what happened to a friend or relative. To date, the UN agency’s Missing Migrant  Project data shows that the remains of 26,666 people who died while migrating have not been recovered.

“Despite the many lives lost whose identities remain unknown, we know that almost 5,500 females have perished on migration routes during the last 10 years and the number of identified children is nearly 3,500,” said Ugochi Daniels, IOM Deputy Director General for Operations, commenting on the recent findings. However, the report suggests, the true number of deaths of women and children is likely far higher : there are more than 37,000 dead for whom no information on sex or age is available.   

Call for safe pathways 

More than one in three deceased migrants whose origin could be identified come from countries in conflict or with large refugee populations, the study finds. That highlights dangers faced by those attempting to flee conflict zones without safe pathways, the agency underscored. The deadliest route is the Central Mediterranean , where at least 23,092 people have died since 2014.

“The toll on vulnerable populations and their families urges us to turn the attention on the data into concrete action,” Ms. Daniels said, advocating for more detailed information collection that would facilitate creating safer migration routes for people fleeing conflict and distress in their home countries.

IOM has adopted a new  Strategic Plan 2024-2028  that aims to save lives and protect people on the move as its first objective. To do so, the UN migration agency is calling on countries and other partners to work jointly to end migrant deaths and address the impacts of the tens of thousands of lives lost on migratory routes worldwide.  

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March 26, 2024

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Unseen travelers: Dust storms may spread bacteria and fungi around the world

by Justin Agan and Alyson Chapman, Texas A&M University College of Engineering

When allergy season hits, many blame their reactions on the local flora in the spring. However, African Saharan-Sahelian dust plumes, large enough to register on weather radar, travel around the globe every summer, bringing their own form of air pollution.

Dr. Shankar Chellam, professor in the Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and A.P. and Florence Wiley Professor III at Texas A&M University, and his now former student Dr. Sourav Das have furthered previous research to identify microorganisms that might have hitched a ride in the dust plumes across the Atlantic . Dr. Daniel Spalink, assistant professor and director of S.M. Tracy Herbarium at Texas A&M, helped analyze the biology and identify bacteria and fungi in the samples.

"We all get allergies and potentially other more severe health effects when we breathe in dust , and it's not fully known as to what causes those allergies," said Chellam. "Some people may think it is just the sand or clay minerals in the dust. Others think it is the metals or organics in the dust, and then some think it's the bacteria and fungi."

Dirt, bacteria and fungi

This research, published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology , is the first to study the association of bacteria and fungi with North American–Saharan dust storms.

"A few groups have studied bacteria and fungi in Africa and Europe, but no one has studied metals, bacteria and fungi together in an African dust event," said Chellam.

Samples were taken during a Saharan dust event in Houston, Texas, in August 2018. Elemental, bacterial and mycobiome (fungal communities) compositions were measured.

Chellam noted that dust events can vary annually, with different elemental compositions each year. Determining the exact source of the dust that travels to Houston is challenging. Even satellite imaging of the events may not accurately pinpoint the source. Dust moves north to Europe, crosses the Atlantic and travels east to Asia. The probable source area for this study is the desert itself because images showed substantial dust clouds from the Sahara region in early August.

Spalink explained that the biodiversity of bacteria and fungi in metropolitan and industrial areas like Houston is highly dynamic, often changing daily. Many bacteria and fungi are found worldwide.

"A key takeaway from this study is that a lot of biodiversity is not scientifically described," said Spalink. "It doesn't have a name, it can't be cultured, and because it can't be cultured, it's difficult to study."

However, microbiota was detected by extracting DNA from filters. Meticulous sequencing techniques detected bacterial genomes from 117 families and fungal genomes from 164 families. The technique did not show whether the microbes were alive, but it did detect several pathogenic bacteria and fungi, many of which are listed in the World Health Organization's global priority list of human pathogens.

"It doesn't tell us if they are going to be able to infect us and make us sick," Spalink said. "But at least the DNA of several pathogenic bacteria and fungi were identified in the African dust."

Elemental impact

The biodiversity of bacteria and fungi was strongly correlated to a few elements, most notably calcium. The study showed that calcium and zirconium are important for explaining bacterial and fungal beta diversity, the ratio between regional and local species diversity.

"The metals we emphasized in this study are not the same metals we emphasized in the previous study," said Chellam.

While these elements can be found in Saharan dust, they are also found locally in Houston.

A similar caveat was found in biota detections. Over 2,000 different organic groups were detected. Only 17 increased in abundance as the Saharan dust entered Houston. All 17 of these are found worldwide, and several were detected in smaller amounts before the dust event.

"There's a chance that you will always get some kind of correlation with some metals," said Das. "That doesn't mean that it's not coming from African dust."

Future dust forecasts

Future studies could expand on this work by sampling before, during and after dust storms over multiple years. Sampling could also expand geographically across dust plume travel areas.

Driving factors like climate change and other meteorological effects will also be important for future research.

"The whole dynamics of the Saharan dust coming to Houston is primarily driven by atmospheric processes," said Das.

"This highlights the importance of having these baseline data sets," added Spalink. "It's really hard to predict how the biota is going to change if you don't know what's happened in the past or what's happening at the present."

Chellam explained that the biggest storm on record in Houston was measured in 2020, highlighting a potential area for future research.

"It was so big that it earned a nickname, and it is now referred to as the Godzilla dust storm," said Chellam. "I just happened to be sampling then, so hopefully, we can get some good data and publications from that as well."

Alyvia McEwan, one of Chellam's undergraduate students, and Dr. Joseph Prospero, professor emeritus at the University of Miami in Florida, made significant contributions to this research. Chellam credits Prospero, who has worked on African dust since the early 70s, for inspiring his research.

"He is the guy who first brought this African dust into the scientific community's consciousness," Chellam said of Prospero.

McEwan is credited for a large portion of the data analysis and interpretation and for generating many of the graphical representations.

"It's crazy how much the average human is exposed to in terms of what kinds of elements, fungi and bacteria that have all these potentials attached to them," said McEwan.

Journal information: Environmental Science & Technology

Provided by Texas A&M University College of Engineering

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