tour de garde 15 juillet 2013

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Tour de France 2013: Mark Cavendish wins stage five – as it happened

General classification.

No change in the top five. Nicholas Roche moves up to eighth.

Stage standings:

1. Cavendish

2. Boasson Hagen

6. Kristoff

Cavendish wins the stage!

He timed his sprint to perfection, and crossed just ahead of Boassan Hagen and Sagan. Greipel was in the mix too. The first men across the lines miss a big crash just behind them, with Rolland again hitting the tarmac right on the finish.

Cavendish takes the last turn in a fine position ...

All the main spint trains are to the fore with less than 2kms to go ...

Lutsenko is finally caught, 4kms from the finish. Get ready for a mass sprint ...

Cavendish's whole team are at the front of the peloton. They're doing everything they can for their man. But Greipel and Sagan are just behind. Reza is about to be gobbled up, leaving Lutsenko out on his own with 5kms to the finish. It seems only a matter of time before the 20-year-old is surrounded too, but he refuses to accept that inevitability.

Griepel and Cavendish and their respective crews are primed to pounce ... provided they can reel in the pesky Rez and Lutsenko, who are 17 seconds clear with 7.5km to go.

Chavanel is charging down the hill on behalf of Cavendish, who hurtling along in his wake. Lutsenko and Reza remain defiant and have got the jump on the other two members of the erstwhile front four...

As the four leaders begin their descent, with Lutsenko making a break for personal glory, the peloton looms just 300 metres behind, led by Vichot.

Word is all of the riders who fell are back in the saddle again. The pack, meanwhile, have got their eyes on the leaders, who are now just 51 seconds ahead as they approach the top of the Col, 13km from the finish. Cavendish is nicely placed near the front of the pack.

A clash of wheels in the middle of the peloton sends over a dozen of riders hurtling to t he ground. Most of the riders managed to jump back on to the saddle quickly, notably the King of the Mountain (Rolland) and Voeckler, but Vande Velde hit the ground particularly hard is needs more time to recover. 

Europcar are trying to press home their advantage at the the front, as, after Reza a moment ago, Arashiro launches an attack. But it's quickly aborted. Meanwhile, Sicard and Delaplace, who were among the leaders for so long, have now been dropped by the pack. Poor old Geraint Thomas has slipped out the back too. The peloton is fragmenting. The front four are 1'36" ahead with 16.5km to go.

The pursuit has taken it toll on Matt Goss too. Orica-GreenEdge's man has is straggling behind, and his team have decided to retreat from the front.

The leaders are making their way up the final climb of the day, the Col de la Gineste. Reza made an attack right at the start of it but De Gendt put a stop to that plan and now the foursome are together - and just 1'59" ahead of the pack. A bunched sprint looks very much on the cards now, but David Millar won't be part of it, as he has been dropped by the pack.

With two of their riders - Reza and Arashiro - among the front four, Team Europcar fancy their chances of claiming a stage victory ... but the pack are closing, with Cannondale joining Orica to lead the pursuit. Sky are loitering with intent too. The gap is down to 2'17" with 20kms to go. Have the pack left it too late?

Cavendish is edging closer to the front of the chasers ...

Orica-GreenEdge continue to lead the chase, a situation with which the sprinters' teams seem happy enough for the moment. It's been a powerful pursuit, with the leaders' advantage chomped down to 2'50" - but has it taken its toll on the sprinters? Who will have the most left if it comes to a dash?

You know that crestfalling feeling you get when you've been among the leaders for nearly 200km and then you're suddenly engulfed by the chasing pack? Nor do I. But Sicard and Delaplace do, having just been consumed by the peloton. Reza, Arashino, De Gendet and Lutsenko continue to defy the pack, though, 3'23" ahead with 30km to go. What's more, De Gendt has just claimed another climbing point.

The front four are making their way 5.7km up the Cote des Bastides, but the pack are continuing to gain ground, now just 3'30" behind. "Re: David in Marseille [15:36] I was just at that exact beach last week for the Defi de Montecristo," announces Rob in Paris. "David is kind of looking off to the side, perhaps at the supermarket over the road. His arse, however, does face the sea." Are you saying his face arses the supermarket?

De Gendt is the chief whip among the front four, refusing to let their efforts sag. The pack are chasing much harder than they probably anticipated they would end up doing beforehand, and it will be interesting to see how many riders drop out of the running over the last two climbs, the Côte des Bastides and Col de la Gineste. At the moment the pack are 4'18" with 34km left.

Now the pack are really motoring (well, not literally motoring, as that would be blatant cheating): they've cut the gap to do the leading four to jsut over five minutes, with 39kms to go. "2.30 in the morning in New Zealand and it's quite surreal to be watching the Tour as the family sleeps and then be jolted by one of NZ's infamous earthquakes," trembles Rachael Schmdit-McCleave. "Just a baby one though, magnitude 4 and 81 km deep." That's one thing we haven't yet had on the Tour ... and if we do, chances are poor old Geraint Thomas won't be far away from it.

Omega Pharma-Quickstep, Lotto, Orica and Argos are all prominent at the front of the pack, but not yet in sufficient numbers to take charge of the chase and position their main man for a sprint finish, if it comes to that, which it may not, as the pack aren't gaining any ground on the leading four yet. "The final turn in today's stage is at the Statue of David," warbles James Mehigan. "It is a replica of Michelangelo's David made in 1903. Perhaps the most interesting thing about it is that the locals call it David cul vers mer. meaning 'David ass to sea'. This presumably means he has a great view (inland) up the Avenue du Prado at the oncoming sprint trains."

Orica are leading the case, and they need to get going because the leading foursome is still six minutes in front with only 46km to go. "Nick Honeywell is largely right, but what caused the driver to swerve inwards was the sudden appearance of a tree-trunk growing into the road on the left-hand side, which might have been hidden from view by traffic ahead," scrawls Adrian from Battersea. "No defence of the driver here, the daft git went for a gap that meant he was far too close to the riders, but it wasn’t just a random yank on the steering wheel. If he’d hit the tree things could have got even nastier, and for a lot more riders."

Another accident

Do you know anyone who went to watch today's stage? Was is it this guy ?

The leader don't want to be got (how's that for a statement of the obvious?) and four of them have decided to do something about: Arahsiro, Lutsenko and De Gendt broke away from the other escapees who been ahead of the pack for most of the stage so far. Reza then chose his side and dropped the other two to join the leaders, some 10 seconds ahead of Sicard and Delaplace, who look like they will soon be swallowed up by the peloton, which is still 6"20' back.

One of the leading sextet momentarily reduced that group to a quintet, as he had to halt to repair a flat trye. Once sorted, he slots back in where he was. The reformed sextet is now just 6'30" ahead of the pack, with 55km to go.

Poor old Bouhanni is lagging again, perhaps those stomach woes are back. Meanwhile, even poorer old Geraint Thomas has had to stop because of a puncture. And you can see that his fractured pelvis is still causing him serious distress (no kidding!) as he clambers back on to his bike with difficulty after a team official fixes the tyre.

Kloden and Zubeldia have encountered some manner of technical glitch and have to stop to change bikes. That should not prove too costly, however, and we can expect them back in the peloton soon.

Arashiro is first to the top, depriving De Gendt of a clean sweep of today's climbs. As it was a paltry fourth category hill, only the winner got King of the Mountains points.

The six leaders are starting to size up the summit of the Côte de la Roquebrussanne. It'll be a 3.5km trek to the top, at an average gradient of 4.5%. Their lead is down to below eight minutes. "Can't blame the peloton dropping Nacer Bouhanni," blurts Gavin. "I've just been stuck in a car for two hours with a colleague and his 'stomach problems' - I can't imagine riding a GT stage and putting up with that."

"While the peleton are hanging out the breakaway group to dry, has anyone else noticed how newly goateed wunderkind Peter Sagan looks like former Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek now he's got rid of the baby faced look?" wonders Jonathan Eastwood. Speaking of Dudek, I note today that when asked to name the five greatest football managers of all time for World Soccer, the jelly-legged Pole included Gérard Houllier.

Several teams are starting to stack members towards the front of the peloton in order to get their main sprinters in position to contest the finish in around 80kms. Cavendish's Omega Pharma-Quick Step comrades are not yet among them.

Chapeau, Bouhanni! After hiding behind team cars for a bit to shelter from the wind - and possibly let wind of a different sort subside too - Bouhanni has overcome his stomach problems and rejoined the peloton. Speaking on French TV, however, his team officials are unsure whether he is in any state to play a significant role in the sprinting stakes.

Nacer Bouhanni is suffering badly with stomach problems and has been dropped by the peloton. He's doing his damdest to catch them back up but has actually been falling further adrift over the last few kilometers. Meanwhile, the sextet at the front are 8'22" ahead.

"Ok, it's Il Giro, not Le Tour, but surely Fiorenzo Magni gets a vote as toughest EVER," bellows Andy in Saddleworth. "Broken collarbone, broken humerus. Inner tube tied to handlebar and gripped between teeth to give him some control. Finished SECOND on a Grand Tour. The very definition of tough. Jens Voigt wears Fiorenzo Magni pyjamas."

Arashiro is the best of the six escapees in terms of the general classification, the Japanese champion starting in 75th spot today. The pack reckon that lot have had their fun, though, and are reeling them in steadily. The gap is now down to 8'54".

Destination Marseille

Today's stage finishes in Marseille, as we know. That is a good enough reason to recall the most famous Marseillais to have participated in the Tour. Roger Chaussabel was the lanterne rouge in 1956, after which he delivered the verdict to which he owes his place in Tour lore. "I can't go fast, I can't climb, I can't sprint: I'm the complete rider!"

"While we're on the subject of the Tours five hard nuts, under the entry for Hoogerland, it reads 'the Dutchman was fighting for the king of the mountains jersey when in the ninth stage another rider, Juan Antonio Flecha, collided with a television car,'" notes Nick Honeywell. "Now, I watched the TDF that year, and I saw that accident. And the description doesn't do it justice. What it really should say is "...another ride, Juan Antonio Flecha, was brutally mown down by an idiot driving a television car." It was pretty much a classic example of a car trying to overtake a cyclist by using a gap that, well, isn't there."

After the six leaders, the first member of the pack to cross in the intermediate sprint was Greipel, who thus took seven points. Kristoff and Sagan were next, with Cavendish trundling in behind them. Once that was sorted, the pack began closing on the escapees, whose lead is now below 10 minutes.

The six breakaway riders contested the intermediate sprint, with De Gendt taking the 20 points, followed by Lutsenko, Delaplace, Arashiro, Sicard and Resa.

"On the Tours 5 hard nuts piece on the website yesterday, surely Honore Barthelemy should be top of the list," exclaims Dean Barrow. "He crashed on a stage halfway through the tour in 1920 and a bit of flint went into one eye which permanently blinded it (he eventually lost his eye and had a glass one to replace it). Not only this but he also had a broken shoulder and a dislocated wrist. Not only did he carry on for the next 7 stages, but he finished in 8th Place (although nearly 6 hours behind the winner) and was the top Frenchman."

The story so far ...

The riders are approaching the 100km mark on today's stage, which the mathematicians amongst you will will have worked out means that there are just over 125km to go. As things stand, there's a leading group of six riders over 10 minutes ahead of the pack. They are Arashiro, Delaplane, Lutsenko, Sicard, Reza and Degendt, the last of whom was the first over the second peak of the day, taking his tally of climbing points to three for the Tour so far. 

No Ted King on the Tour any more, but there are 55 roundabouts along today's route - a new record for the race. So there.

In 1907 Pierre-Auguste Renoir retired to Cagnes-sur-Mer in the hope that the town by the Mediterranean would help ease his arthritis, but for 195 cyclists it is the starting point of several hours of pain today. Far from the most hellish stage on the Tour, of course, but nor is it simply a gentle procession to a sprint finish: for one thing it's quite a distance - 225km - and, what's more, gusty wind may prove a factor, and a few potentially troubling peaks that could put paid to pure dashers. On the other hand, this could be Mark Cavendish's day, or perhaps Matt Goss will give Orica-Greeen Edge a hat-trick of stage victories.

Today's stage

William Fotheringham's preview

The early hills and team time trial are over; by now the race pattern will be set. The teams will know where to set their sights but this is not an easy stage. It's long, hilly, and is bound to be hot. The organisers seem to think it's one for the sprinters, but the profile suggests it's one for Peter Sagan, as Cavendish and other sprinters such as Andre Greipel could be burnt off over the final series of decent sized hills late on in the stage.

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Publications des Témoins de Jéhovah

Editions des Témoins de Jéhovah

Watch Tower Bible and tract Society of Pennsylvania,

Editions Les Témoins de Jéhovah de France

Par ordre chronologique

-  La Tour de Garde, août 1879.

- Russell Ch.,  Le Divin Plan des Ages , Brooklyn, New York, 1880.

- La Tour de Garde, octobre-novembre 1881, p.5.

-  Biographie du pasteur Charles Taze Russell , La Tour de Garde, édition spéciale, 25 avril 1894.

- La Tour de Garde, 15 mai 1900.

-  Biographie du pasteur Charles Taze Russell , La Tour de Garde, réimpression, 15 juillet 1906.

-  Biographie du pasteur Charles Taze Russell , La Tour de Garde,  réimpression, 1 er  juin 1916.

- La Tour de Garde, 1917, p. 373.

- Études des Écritures, 1917, tome VII, (II e  éd. fr.), Notice, p. 407.

-  Le Bulletin, feuillet contenant les instructions de la Société biblique  Watch Tower  pour la prédication, édition du 1 er  octobre 1920.

- Knorr N.,  Discours d’inauguration de Galaad   -Université biblique de la Société Tour de Garde,  1 er  février 1943, in Les Témoins de Jéhovah, prédicateurs du Royaume de Dieu, Brooklyn, New York, WBNY, 1993, pp. 524.

- La Tour de Garde, 15 août 1947.

-  Yearbook 1955, p.57.

-  Les Témoins de Jéhovah dans les desseins divins , 1959, p.95. 

- La Tour de Garde, volume 1964, pages 761 à 764.

-  « Toute   Écriture   est   inspirée   de   Dieu   et   utile » , 1967.

-  «   Ta parole est une lampe pour mon pied »  , 1968.

- Annuaire 1971, p. 13.

- Annuaire 1972, pp. 46-124.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mai 1973 p. 266.

- Annuaire 1974,   Chine, Hong-Kong et Macao , p.44.

-  La miséricorde divine montre la voie du retour aux égarés , La Tour de Garde, 15 novembre 1974, p. 689.

-  États-Unis d’Amérique (3 ème  partie) , Annuaire, 1975, 196-199.

-  Jésus est-il mort sur une croix ?  Réveillez-vous !, 22 janvier 1975, pp. 27-28.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  avril 1977, pp.207-208.

-  Le Ministère du Royaume, janvier 1977, pp. 3-4.

- Annuaire 1979, pp. 23-30.

- Que votre foi soit vivante,  Le service du Royaume, janvier 1979, page 1, paragraphe 4. 

-  Libre! Après 20 ans de détention , biographie de Nancy Yuen, in La Tour de Garde, 15 octobre 1979, p.7.

- Annuaire 1980, pp. 10-11.

-  « Prenez garde à vous-même et à tout le troupeau », Actes 20 :28 , Manuel pour l’École du Ministère du Royaume, 1977, 1979, 1981, p. 9.

-  Comment raisonner à partir des Écritures , WTBTS, New York, 1986.

- Franz F.,  Quatre-vingt-treize années de ma vie ,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mai 1987, pp. 22-30.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  novembre 1989, p.24.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  janvier 1990, p. 30.

-  Les Témoins de Jéhovah, prédicateurs du Royaume de Dieu , Brooklyn, New-York, WBNY, 1993, pp. 547-551.1993.

- Macmillan A.,  Que va-t-il se passer maintenant ? , in Les Témoins de Jéhovah, Prédicateurs du Royaume de Dieu, New York, WTBTS, 1993, pp. 63, 64.

-  Qui était Frédérick Franz ? , Les Témoins de Jéhovah, prédicateurs du Royaume de Dieu, 1993, p. 111.

-   Il a reçu « la couronne de vie » , La Tour de Garde, 15 mars 1993, p. 32.

-  La prédication par téléphone : Un moyen d’atteindre de nombreuses personnes , Le Ministère du Royaume, août 1993, pp.3, 4.

- Annuaire 1995,  Chypre , p.93.

-  Les Témoins de Jéhovah – Ce que vous devez savoir , feuillet distribué sur la voie publique en avril 1996, p.2.

-   « Toute Ecriture est inspirée de Dieu et utile »  , Boulogne-Billancourt, association Les Témoins de Jéhovah, 1997.

- Une Mission en Afrique , Boulogne-Billancourt, association Les Témoins de Jéhovah, juin 1997.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  novembre 1997, p.8.

- Le christianisme en action au milieu de la tourmente , La Tour de Garde, 15 janvier 1998, pp. 3-7.

- La Tour de Garde, 1 er  septembre 1998, pp. 14, 15.

- Annuaire 1998,  Japon , p.67.

-  Ce qui distingue le Collège central d’une entité juridique , La Tour de Garde, 15 janvier 2001, pp. 28- 31.

- Barr J.,  Discours de présidence de l’assemblée annuelle de la Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania  (La Tour de Garde, Société de Bibles et de traités de Pennsylvanie), in La Tour de Garde, 15 janvier 2001, p.31.

- Le témoignage par téléphone , Le Ministère du Royaume, février 2001, p.5.

- Tirez profit de l’Ecole du ministère théocratique , 2002.

-  ‘Enseignez-leur à observer tout ce que je vous ai commandé’,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  juillet 2004, p.16.

- Une lettre d’Alejandra , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  octobre 2004, p.8.

-  Organisés pour faire la volonté de Jéhovah , 2005.

-  Qu’enseigne réellement la Bible ? , 2005.

-  Rapport mondial des Témoins de Jéhovah pour 2004 , La Tour de Garde, 1 er f évier 2005, pp.19-22.

-  La Tour de Garde , 1 er  mars 2005.

-  La Tour de Garde , 1 er  juin 2005, pp. 17-19.

-  Nous apportons « des bonnes nouvelles de quelque chose de meilleur »   et « Une bonne nouvelle pour des gens de toutes nations » , La Tour de Garde, 1 er juillet 2005,  pp. 16-27.

-  La propagation du christianisme parmi les juifs du premier siècle , -  Organisés pour faire la volonté de Jéhovah , La Tour de Garde, 15 octobre 2005, pp. 83-84.

-  La prédication par téléphone : un moyen de « dire la bonne nouvelle » , Le Ministère du Royaume, décembre 2005, p.6.

-  Rapport mondial des Témoins de Jéhovah pour 2005 , La Tour de Garde, 1 er f évier 2006, p. 30.

- La Tour de Garde,  1 er  mars 2006, p.29.

-  De nouveaux membres au Collège central , La Tour de Garde, 15 mars 2006, p. 26.

- Études bibliques sur le pas de la porte ou par téléphone : soyons plus efficaces , Le Ministère du Royaume, avril 2006, p.3.

-  Le Ministère du Royaume,  juillet 2006, France, Vol. 49, n°7, p.2.

-  « Analysons ce verset à la lumière d’un autre »,  La Tour de Garde,  15 août 2006,  pp. 12-15.

- Fernand Rivarol,  Âgé…mais pas « encagé »,  La Tour de Garde, 15 août 2006, page 31.

-   Quand un proche quitte Jéhovah , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  septembre 2006, pp. 17-21.

-  Son plaisir était dans la loi de Jéhovah,  La Tour de Garde, 15 septembre 2006,   p. 31.

- Le Ministère du Royaume, France, décembre 2006, p. 2.

- Programme de l’École du Ministère Théocratique pour 2007.

- Les diplômés de Guiléad reçoivent un enseignement qui touche le cœur , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  janvier 2007, pp.17-19.

- Rapport annuel 2006 , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  février 2007, p.28.

- Rapport mensuel pour novembre 2006 , Le Ministère du Royaume, mars 2007, p.2.

-  Victoire devant la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme , La Tour de Garde, 15 mai 2007, p.31.

-   « Joyeux d’attendre « La victoire aux côtés de l’Agneau » »,  La Tour de Garde, 15 octobre 2007, p. 31.

-  La Tour de Garde – édition d’étude : une nouveauté ! , La Tour de Garde, 15 janvier 2008, édition d’étude, p. 3.

-  Rapport annuel pour 2013 , Annuaire des Témoins de Jéhovah 2014, p.176-190.

  Écrits des Témoins de Jéhovah sur la Réforme,  le protestantisme et la Bible

- Ulrich Zwingli et la Parole de Dieu ,   Réveillez-vous !, 22 mars 1970, p.17.

- Le Protestantisme et la Haute critique , Réveillez-vous !, 8 juin 1982, p. 9.

- Érasme ou Quand le laboureur se délecte de la Parole de Dieu , La Tour de Garde, 15 décembre 1982, p.7.

- Le   protestantisme   et   l’intolérance , Réveillez-vous !, 8 février 1984, p. 5

- L’alliance nouvelle destinée aux chrétiens,  in  Dieu le Fils ou “Fils de Dieu”? , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mars 1984, p.18.

-   La réforme — La cassure est-elle réparable?,   Réveillez-vous !, 22 juillet 1984, p. 18.

- Luther — Une nouvelle force unificatrice? , Réveillez-vous !, 8 décembre 1984, p. 13.

- Le rationalisme protestant  in  Le déclin de l’attente chrétienne de la fin ,Réveillez-vous !, 22 mars 1985, p.16.

- La pensée protestante sur la justification,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  décembre 1985, p.6.

-  Le déferlement des eaux de la Réforme , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  octobre 1987, p.22.

-   Un examen du mal d’Augustin à Calvin , Réveillez-vous !, 8 octobre 1987, p.6.

- Les Sociniens — Pourquoi n’acceptaient-ils pas la Trinité? ,   Réveillez-vous !, 22 novembre 1988, p. 19.

-   Le protestantisme: une réforme? ,   Réveillez-vous !, 8 septembre 1989, p. 23.

-  La Réforme: Un nouveau tournant dans la recherche , in L’humanité à la recherche de Dieu, 1990, chapitre 13, p. 306.

-   La prédestination et l’amour de Dieu sont-ils conciliables? , La Tour de Garde, 15 février 1995, p.5.

- Robert Estienne,   Un imprimeur qui a laissé... son empreinte , La Tour de Garde, 15 avril 1995, p.10.

- La fuite des huguenots vers la liberté , La Tour de Garde, 15 août 1998, p.25.

- La Réforme en Angleterre : l’ère des changements , Réveillez-vous !, 22 août 1998, p.26.

- L’édit de Nantes : un édit de tolérance ? , Réveillez-vous !, 22 novembre1998, p.19.

- Les collégiants : différents grâce à l’étude de la Bible , La Tour de Garde, 15 avril 1999, p.23.

- Comenius : le “ Galilée de l’éducation ” , Réveillez-vous !, 8 mai 1999, p.21.

-  Intolérance religieuse : l’aveu , Réveillez-vous !, 8 avril 2000, p.12.

- Mourir aux galères , Réveillez-vous !, 22 décembre 2000, p. 12.

-  La Transylvanie, un règne de tolérance en période d’intolérance , Réveillez-vous !, 22 juin 2002, p.11.

-  Anvers, Un refuge pour les imprimeurs de la Bible , d’un rédacteur en Belgique, Réveillez-vous !, 8 septembre 2002, p. 19.

- Galilée contre l’Eglise, d’un rédacteur en Italie,   Réveillez-vous !, 22 avril 2003, p. 11.

- La Bible de Genève, Une traduction tombée dans l’oubli , d’un rédacteur en Nouvelle-Zélande,   Réveillez-vous !, 22 août 2004, p.13 .

-   Mikael Agricola, Le « Père de la littérature finnoise »,    Réveillez-vous !, janvier 2006, pp. 21-23

-   Pèlerins et Puritains – Qui étaient-ils ?   Réveillez-vous !, février 2006, pp.10-13.

-   MICHEL SERVET, seul dans sa quête de la vérité,   d’un rédacteur en Espagne, Réveillez-vous !, mai 2006, pp. 18-21.

-   La « sainte expérience» des Quakers,   Réveillez-vous !, novembre 2006, pp.10-12.

- Christophe Plantin, un des premiers imprimeurs de la Bible , La Tour de Garde, 15 novembre 2006, pp. 14-16

- Jean Wessel Gansfort, « Un Réformateur avant la Réforme » , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mars 2007, pp. 13-16.

-  Un traité de John Milton tombé dans l'oubli , La Tour de Garde, 15 septembre 2007, pp. 11- 13.

-  Eucharistie - Retour aux origines , La Tour de Garde, 1 er   avril 2008, pp. 26- 29.

-  Ils aimaient la Parole de Dieu -    John Wycliffe, William Tyndale, Robert Morrison, Adoniram Judson,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  juin 2009, pp. 9- 11. 

-  Faut-il croire en la Trinité pour être chrétien ? ,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  février 2010, p. 22.

-  Anton Koberger - Un pionnier de l'impression diffuse la Bible,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  juillet 2010, pp. 26- 27.

- 500 ans de Calvinisme - Quel héritage ?,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  septembre 2010, pp. 18- 21. 

-  Olivétan, "L'humble et petit translateur" de la Bible française , La Tour de Garde, 1 er  septembre 2011, pp. 18- 20.

-  Le nom divin et les travaux d'exégèse d'Alphonse de Zamora,   La Tour de Garde, 1 er  décembre 2011, pp. 18- 21.

-  La Trinité est-elle un enseignement biblique ? ,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mars 2012, p. 23.

-  Miles Coverdale et la première bible complète imprimée en anglais ,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  juin 2012, pp. 10- 11.

- Un trésor caché pendant des siècles - la découverte de la plus vieille traduction de la Bible en géorgien,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  juin 2013, pp. 9- 11.

- La Parole de Dieu se répand dans l'Espagne médiévale,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  mars 2014, pp. 12-15.

- La Peschitta - Un éclairage sur les premières traductions de la Bible ,  La Tour de Garde, 1 er  septembre 2014, pp. 13-15.

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In Transit: Notes from the Underground

Jun 06 2018.

Spend some time in one of Moscow’s finest museums.

Subterranean commuting might not be anyone’s idea of a good time, but even in a city packing the war-games treasures and priceless bejeweled eggs of the Kremlin Armoury and the colossal Soviet pavilions of the VDNKh , the Metro holds up as one of Moscow’s finest museums. Just avoid rush hour.

The Metro is stunning and provides an unrivaled insight into the city’s psyche, past and present, but it also happens to be the best way to get around. Moscow has Uber, and the Russian version called Yandex Taxi , but also some nasty traffic. Metro trains come around every 90 seconds or so, at a more than 99 percent on-time rate. It’s also reasonably priced, with a single ride at 55 cents (and cheaper in bulk). From history to tickets to rules — official and not — here’s what you need to know to get started.

A Brief Introduction Buying Tickets Know Before You Go (Down) Rules An Easy Tour

A Brief Introduction

Moscow’s Metro was a long time coming. Plans for rapid transit to relieve the city’s beleaguered tram system date back to the Imperial era, but a couple of wars and a revolution held up its development. Stalin revived it as part of his grand plan to modernize the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 30s. The first lines and tunnels were constructed with help from engineers from the London Underground, although Stalin’s secret police decided that they had learned too much about Moscow’s layout and had them arrested on espionage charges and deported.

The beauty of its stations (if not its trains) is well-documented, and certainly no accident. In its illustrious first phases and particularly after the Second World War, the greatest architects of Soviet era were recruited to create gleaming temples celebrating the Revolution, the USSR, and the war triumph. No two stations are exactly alike, and each of the classic showpieces has a theme. There are world-famous shrines to Futurist architecture, a celebration of electricity, tributes to individuals and regions of the former Soviet Union. Each marble slab, mosaic tile, or light fixture was placed with intent, all in service to a station’s aesthetic; each element, f rom the smallest brass ear of corn to a large blood-spattered sword on a World War II mural, is an essential part of the whole.

The Metro is a monument to the Soviet propaganda project it was intended to be when it opened in 1935 with the slogan “Building a Palace for the People”. It brought the grand interiors of Imperial Russia to ordinary Muscovites, celebrated the Soviet Union’s past achievements while promising its citizens a bright Soviet future, and of course, it was a show-piece for the world to witness the might and sophistication of life in the Soviet Union.

It may be a museum, but it’s no relic. U p to nine million people use it daily, more than the London Underground and New York Subway combined. (Along with, at one time, about 20 stray dogs that learned to commute on the Metro.)

In its 80+ year history, the Metro has expanded in phases and fits and starts, in step with the fortunes of Moscow and Russia. Now, partly in preparation for the World Cup 2018, it’s also modernizing. New trains allow passengers to walk the entire length of the train without having to change carriages. The system is becoming more visitor-friendly. (There are helpful stickers on the floor marking out the best selfie spots .) But there’s a price to modernity: it’s phasing out one of its beloved institutions, the escalator attendants. Often they are middle-aged or elderly women—“ escalator grandmas ” in news accounts—who have held the post for decades, sitting in their tiny kiosks, scolding commuters for bad escalator etiquette or even bad posture, or telling jokes . They are slated to be replaced, when at all, by members of the escalator maintenance staff.

For all its achievements, the Metro lags behind Moscow’s above-ground growth, as Russia’s capital sprawls ever outwards, generating some of the world’s worst traffic jams . But since 2011, the Metro has been in the middle of an ambitious and long-overdue enlargement; 60 new stations are opening by 2020. If all goes to plan, the 2011-2020 period will have brought 125 miles of new tracks and over 100 new stations — a 40 percent increase — the fastest and largest expansion phase in any period in the Metro’s history.

Facts: 14 lines Opening hours: 5 a.m-1 a.m. Rush hour(s): 8-10 a.m, 4-8 p.m. Single ride: 55₽ (about 85 cents) Wi-Fi network-wide

Buying Tickets

• Ticket machines have a button to switch to English.
• You can buy specific numbers of rides: 1, 2, 5, 11, 20, or 60. Hold up fingers to show how many rides you want to buy.
• There is also a 90-minute ticket , which gets you 1 trip on the metro plus an unlimited number of transfers on other transport (bus, tram, etc) within 90 minutes.
• Or, you can buy day tickets with unlimited rides: one day (218₽/ US$4), three days (415₽/US$7) or seven days (830₽/US$15). Check the rates here to stay up-to-date.
• If you’re going to be using the Metro regularly over a few days, it’s worth getting a Troika card , a contactless, refillable card you can use on all public transport. Using the Metro is cheaper with one of these: a single ride is 36₽, not 55₽. Buy them and refill them in the Metro stations, and they’re valid for 5 years, so you can keep it for next time. Or, if you have a lot of cash left on it when you leave, you can get it refunded at the Metro Service Centers at Ulitsa 1905 Goda, 25 or at Staraya Basmannaya 20, Building 1.
• You can also buy silicone bracelets and keychains with built-in transport chips that you can use as a Troika card. (A Moscow Metro Fitbit!) So far, you can only get these at the Pushkinskaya metro station Live Helpdesk and souvenir shops in the Mayakovskaya and Trubnaya metro stations. The fare is the same as for the Troika card.
• You can also use Apple Pay and Samsung Pay.

Rules, spoken and unspoken

No smoking, no drinking, no filming, no littering. Photography is allowed, although it used to be banned.

Stand to the right on the escalator. Break this rule and you risk the wrath of the legendary escalator attendants. (No shenanigans on the escalators in general.)

Get out of the way. Find an empty corner to hide in when you get off a train and need to stare at your phone. Watch out getting out of the train in general; when your train doors open, people tend to appear from nowhere or from behind ornate marble columns, walking full-speed.

Always offer your seat to elderly ladies (what are you, a monster?).

An Easy Tour

This is no Metro Marathon ( 199 stations in 20 hours ). It’s an easy tour, taking in most—though not all—of the notable stations, the bulk of it going clockwise along the Circle line, with a couple of short detours. These stations are within minutes of one another, and the whole tour should take about 1-2 hours.

Start at Mayakovskaya Metro station , at the corner of Tverskaya and Garden Ring,  Triumfalnaya Square, Moskva, Russia, 125047.

1. Mayakovskaya.  Named for Russian Futurist Movement poet Vladimir Mayakovsky and an attempt to bring to life the future he imagined in his poems. (The Futurist Movement, natch, was all about a rejecting the past and celebrating all things speed, industry, modern machines, youth, modernity.) The result: an Art Deco masterpiece that won the National Grand Prix for architecture at the New York World’s Fair in 1939. It’s all smooth, rounded shine and light, and gentle arches supported by columns of dark pink marble and stainless aircraft steel. Each of its 34 ceiling niches has a mosaic. During World War II, the station was used as an air-raid shelter and, at one point, a bunker for Stalin. He gave a subdued but rousing speech here in Nov. 6, 1941 as the Nazis bombed the city above.

Take the 3/Green line one station to:

2. Belorusskaya. Opened in 1952, named after the connected Belarussky Rail Terminal, which runs trains between Moscow and Belarus. This is a light marble affair with a white, cake-like ceiling, lined with Belorussian patterns and 12 Florentine ceiling mosaics depicting life in Belarussia when it was built.

Transfer onto the 1/Brown line. Then, one stop (clockwise) t o:

3. Novoslobodskaya.  This station was designed around the stained-glass panels, which were made in Latvia, because Alexey Dushkin, the Soviet starchitect who dreamed it up (and also designed Mayakovskaya station) couldn’t find the glass and craft locally. The stained glass is the same used for Riga’s Cathedral, and the panels feature plants, flowers, members of the Soviet intelligentsia (musician, artist, architect) and geometric shapes.

Go two stops east on the 1/Circle line to:

4. Komsomolskaya. Named after the Komsomol, or the Young Communist League, this might just be peak Stalin Metro style. Underneath the hub for three regional railways, it was intended to be a grand gateway to Moscow and is today its busiest station. It has chandeliers; a yellow ceiling with Baroque embellishments; and in the main hall, a colossal red star overlaid on golden, shimmering tiles. Designer Alexey Shchusev designed it as an homage to the speech Stalin gave at Red Square on Nov. 7, 1941, in which he invoked Russia’s illustrious military leaders as a pep talk to Soviet soldiers through the first catastrophic year of the war.   The station’s eight large mosaics are of the leaders referenced in the speech, such as Alexander Nevsky, a 13th-century prince and military commander who bested German and Swedish invading armies.

One more stop clockwise to Kurskaya station,  and change onto the 3/Blue  line, and go one stop to:

5. Baumanskaya.   Opened in 1944. Named for the Bolshevik Revolutionary Nikolai Bauman , whose monument and namesake district are aboveground here. Though he seemed like a nasty piece of work (he apparently once publicly mocked a woman he had impregnated, who later hung herself), he became a Revolutionary martyr when he was killed in 1905 in a skirmish with a monarchist, who hit him on the head with part of a steel pipe. The station is in Art Deco style with atmospherically dim lighting, and a series of bronze sculptures of soldiers and homefront heroes during the War. At one end, there is a large mosaic portrait of Lenin.

Stay on that train direction one more east to:

6. Elektrozavodskaya. As you may have guessed from the name, this station is the Metro’s tribute to all thing electrical, built in 1944 and named after a nearby lightbulb factory. It has marble bas-relief sculptures of important figures in electrical engineering, and others illustrating the Soviet Union’s war-time struggles at home. The ceiling’s recurring rows of circular lamps give the station’s main tunnel a comforting glow, and a pleasing visual effect.

Double back two stops to Kurskaya station , and change back to the 1/Circle line. Sit tight for six stations to:

7. Kiyevskaya. This was the last station on the Circle line to be built, in 1954, completed under Nikita Khrushchev’ s guidance, as a tribute to his homeland, Ukraine. Its three large station halls feature images celebrating Ukraine’s contributions to the Soviet Union and Russo-Ukrainian unity, depicting musicians, textile-working, soldiers, farmers. (One hall has frescoes, one mosaics, and the third murals.) Shortly after it was completed, Khrushchev condemned the architectural excesses and unnecessary luxury of the Stalin era, which ushered in an epoch of more austere Metro stations. According to the legend at least, he timed the policy in part to ensure no Metro station built after could outshine Kiyevskaya.

Change to the 3/Blue line and go one stop west.

8. Park Pobedy. This is the deepest station on the Metro, with one of the world’s longest escalators, at 413 feet. If you stand still, the escalator ride to the surface takes about three minutes .) Opened in 2003 at Victory Park, the station celebrates two of Russia’s great military victories. Each end has a mural by Georgian artist Zurab Tsereteli, who also designed the “ Good Defeats Evil ” statue at the UN headquarters in New York. One mural depicts the Russian generals’ victory over the French in 1812 and the other, the German surrender of 1945. The latter is particularly striking; equal parts dramatic, triumphant, and gruesome. To the side, Red Army soldiers trample Nazi flags, and if you look closely there’s some blood spatter among the detail. Still, the biggest impressions here are the marble shine of the chessboard floor pattern and the pleasingly geometric effect if you view from one end to the other.

Keep going one more stop west to:

9. Slavyansky Bulvar.  One of the Metro’s youngest stations, it opened in 2008. With far higher ceilings than many other stations—which tend to have covered central tunnels on the platforms—it has an “open-air” feel (or as close to it as you can get, one hundred feet under). It’s an homage to French architect Hector Guimard, he of the Art Nouveau entrances for the Paris M é tro, and that’s precisely what this looks like: A Moscow homage to the Paris M é tro, with an additional forest theme. A Cyrillic twist on Guimard’s Metro-style lettering over the benches, furnished with t rees and branch motifs, including creeping vines as towering lamp-posts.

Stay on the 3/Blue line and double back four stations to:

10. Arbatskaya. Its first iteration, Arbatskaya-Smolenskaya station, was damaged by German bombs in 1941. It was rebuilt in 1953, and designed to double as a bomb shelter in the event of nuclear war, although unusually for stations built in the post-war phase, this one doesn’t have a war theme. It may also be one of the system’s most elegant: Baroque, but toned down a little, with red marble floors and white ceilings with gilded bronze c handeliers.

Jump back on the 3/Blue line  in the same direction and take it one more stop:

11. Ploshchad Revolyutsii (Revolution Square). Opened in 1938, and serving Red Square and the Kremlin . Its renowned central hall has marble columns flanked by 76 bronze statues of Soviet heroes: soldiers, students, farmers, athletes, writers, parents. Some of these statues’ appendages have a yellow sheen from decades of Moscow’s commuters rubbing them for good luck. Among the most popular for a superstitious walk-by rub: the snout of a frontier guard’s dog, a soldier’s gun (where the touch of millions of human hands have tapered the gun barrel into a fine, pointy blade), a baby’s foot, and a woman’s knee. (A brass rooster also sports the telltale gold sheen, though I am told that rubbing the rooster is thought to bring bad luck. )

Now take the escalator up, and get some fresh air.

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Le Corbusier’s triumphant return to Moscow

The exhibition of French prominent architect Le Corbusier, held in The Pushkin Museum, brings together the different facets of his talent. Source: ITAR-TASS / Stanislav Krasilnikov

The largest Le Corbusier exhibition in a quarter of a century celebrates the modernist architect’s life and his connection with the city.

Given his affinity with Moscow, it is perhaps surprising that the city had never hosted a major examination of Le Corbusier’s work until now. However, the Pushkin Museum and the Le Corbusier Fund have redressed that discrepancy with the comprehensive exhibition “Secrets of Creation: Between Art and Architecture,” which runs until November 18.

Presenting over 400 exhibits, the exhibition charts Le Corbusier’s development from the young man eagerly sketching buildings on a trip around Europe, to his later years as a prolific and influential architect.

The exhibition brings together the different facets of his talent, showing his publications, artwork and furniture design alongside photographs, models and blueprints of his buildings.

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Irina Antonova, director of the Pushkin Museum, said, “It was important for us to also exhibit his art. People know Le Corbusier the architect, but what is less well know is that he was also an artist. Seeing his art and architecture together gives us an insight into his mind and his thought-processes.”

What becomes obvious to visitors of the exhibition is that Le Corbusier was a man driven by a single-minded vision of how form and lines should interact, a vision he was able to express across multiple genres.

The upper wings of the Pushkin Museum are separated by the central stairs and two long balconies. The organizers have exploited this space, allowing comparison of Le Corbusier’s different art forms. On one side there are large paintings in the Purist style he adapted from Cubism, while on the other wall there are panoramic photographs of his famous buildings.

Le Corbusier was a theorist, producing many pamphlets and manifestos which outlined his view that rigorous urban planning could make society more productive and raise the average standard of living.

It was his affinity with constructivism, and its accompanying vision of the way architecture could shape society, which drew him to visit the Soviet Union, where, as he saw it, there existed a “nation that is being organized in accordance with its new spirit.”

The exhibition’s curator Jean-Louis Cohen explains that Le Corbusier saw Moscow as “somewhere he could experiment.” Indeed, when the architect was commissioned to construct the famous Tsentrosoyuz Building, he responded by producing a plan for the entire city, based on his concept of geometric symmetry.

Falling foul of the political climate

He had misread the Soviet appetite for experimentation, and as Cohen relates in his book Le Corbusier, 1887-1965, drew stinging attacks from the likes of El Lissitsky, who called his design “a city on paper, extraneous to living nature, located in a desert through which not even a river must be allowed to pass (since a curve would contradict the style).”

Not to be deterred, Le Corbusier returned to Moscow in 1932 and entered the famous Palace of the Soviets competition, a skyscraper that was planned to be the tallest building in the world.

This time he fell foul of the changing political climate, as Stalin’s growing suspicion of the avant-garde led to the endorsement of neo-classical designs for the construction, which was ultimately never built due to the Second World War.

Situated opposite the proposed site for the Palace of the Soviets, the exhibition offers a tantalizing vision of what might have been, presenting scale models alongside Le Corbusier’s plans, and generating the feeling of an un-built masterpiece.

Despite Le Corbusier’s fluctuating fortunes in Soviet society, there was one architect who never wavered in his support . Constructivist luminary Alexander Vesnin declared that the Tsentrosoyuz building was the "the best building to arise in Moscow for over a century.”

The exhibition sheds light on their professional and personal relationship, showing sketches and letters they exchanged. In a radical break from the abstract nature of most of Le Corbusier’s art, this corner of the exhibition highlights the sometimes volatile architect’s softer side, as shown through nude sketches and classical still-life paintings he sent to Vesnin.

“He was a complex person” says Cohen. “It’s important to show his difficult elements; his connections with the USSR, with Mussolini. Now that relations between Russia and the West have improved, we can examine this. At the moment there is a new season in Le Corbusier interpretation.” To this end, the exhibition includes articles that have never previously been published in Russia, as well as Le Corbusier’s own literature.

Completing Le Corbusier’s triumphant return to Russia is a preview of a forthcoming statue, to be erected outside the Tsentrosoyuz building. Even if she couldn’t quite accept his vision of a planned city, Moscow is certainly welcoming him back.

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Moscow City, le quartier d’affaires qui émerge

sur 15 avril 2019

Moscow-City de nuit

Au centre : tours de la fédération, a droite : tour capitale, evolution tower, au centre : mercury city.

Quelques tours remarquables : –  Avec sa forme torsadée évoquant la structure de l’ADN, l’ Evolution Tower est un des symboles architecturaux de Moscou-City, hauteur : 255 m / 53 étages / construction 2011 à 2015 – Les Tours de la Fédération, plus haut gratte-ciel d’Europe, construction 2004 à 2014. Tour A : 360m hauteur, 93 étages – Tour B : 242 m – 62 étages – Tour C la flèche culmine à 509 mètres. – Les tours «  Villes des Capitales « , construction 2010. Tour Moscou : 268 m, 72 étages. Tour Saint-Persbourg : 234 m, 62 étages – Mercury City , construction de 2006 à 2013,  339 m, 75 étages

Panorama 360 et Afimall City

Nous entrons dans la Federation Tower avec nos deux billets d’accès (1000 Rub – 13 euros) pour la plate-forme d’observation « Panorama 360 » . On ne peut pas se perdre on est escorté jusqu’au 89ème étage . Dès  l’entrée, on nous prend en photo sur un fond vert. A la sortie nous récupérons gratuitement nos deux photos montage avec derrière nous Moscow-City. De là-haut nous avons une vue circulaire à 360 degrés sur la capitale . Impressionnant , limite pas rassurant pour moi sensible au vertige.

Nous téléchargeons l’application : AR Moscow City (sur IOS et android). C’est une application créée spécialement pour Panorama360. En pointant vers des pictogrammes disséminés sur la plate-forme, on voit les tours numériques animées en 3D avec une belle infographie qui apparaît devant nous en réalité augmentée , en conjonction avec le monde réel, ainsi que les caractéristiques de construction et les caractéristiques principales de chaque tour présentée. Notre billet d’entrée a aussi un pictogramme, qui correspond à la Federation Tower . Nous le mettons en ligne, et si vous voulez vous amuser à voir ce que cela donne, n’hésitez pas à télécharger l’application. Vous comprendrez pourquoi nous avons passé beaucoup de temps au Panorama 360. D’autant plus qu’un glacier fabrique des glaces sur place, que nous pouvons déguster à volonté !

Vue panoramique de Moscou

Salade à l'upside down café, réalité augmentée, en conjonction avec le monde réel, les tours depuis la verrière de l'afimall, loisirs et détente à l'afimall.

Mais il est temps de redescendre. La partie souterraine du centre d’affaires comprend 3 stations de métro, un parking et des commerces, et la partie en surface, le centre commercial et de loisirs Afimall . Inauguré en 2011, c’est aujourd’hui l’un des plus grands d’Europe, avec une surface de 320 000 m2 accueillant 400 boutiques, un supermarché, des salles de cinéma, 50 restaurants et cafés… L’Afimall est maintenant connecté à un autre centre commercial, Metropolis , dont l’extension ultra moderne a ouvert à l’automne 2016. Il est bien tard, et nous décidons de dîner ici. Comme on a déjà manger notre dessert de glace à Panorama 360, on va se contenter d’une excellente salade à l’ Upside Down Café , à un prix correct.

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Les Témoins de Jéhovah

LA TOUR DE GARDE (ÉDITION D’ÉTUDE) Mai 2024

Ce numéro contient les articles d’étude pour la période 8 juillet au 11 août 2024.

ARTICLE D’ÉTUDE 18

Le « Juge de toute la terre » est miséricordieux. Fais-lui confiance !

Cet article sera étudié la semaine du 8 au 14 juillet 2024.

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Que savons-nous des jugements que Jéhovah prononcera dans l’avenir ?

Cet article sera étudié la semaine du 15 au 21 juillet 2024.

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Que l’amour te pousse à continuer de prêcher !

Cet article sera étudié la semaine du 22 au 28 juillet 2024.

ARTICLE D’ÉTUDE 21

Comment trouver un conjoint

Cet article sera étudié la semaine du 29 juillet au 4 août 2024.

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Comment réussir ses fréquentations

Cet article sera étudié la semaine du 5 au 11 août 2024.

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