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The Silk Road Travel Guide

• Kazakhstan border crossings

Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan .

For an exact location of these and all other border crossings on the Silk Road, see the border crossing map . For more info on visas, check out the  Kazakhstan visa  chapter.

Table of Contents

Kazakhstan – Mongolia

There is no common border between Kazakhstan and Mongolia, and there is no quick way to cross between the two countries, despite the small distance on the map: the Arshaty border with Russia is only open to locals .

Foreigners have to make a considerable detour, either via Russia (Shemonaika border between Oskemen and Rubtsovsk) or via China (Maikapchagai-Jeminay border between Zaysan and Altay).

If you are heading to/coming from Mongolia by bus or train, see Kazakhstan – Mongolia by public transport .

Kazakhstan – China border crossings

Kazakhstan has 7 border crossing points with China. Not all of them are operational though. We recommend you read up about  Chinese border closures . For a summary of other issues facing travelers, both at the border and once in Xinjiang, see our Xinjiang travel guide .

Khorgos / Nur Zholy

Since late 2018, the former Khorgos border crossing is no longer active and now only functions as a Special Economic Zone with discount shopping and tacky tourist attractions. The new border is called Nur Zholy and lies a few kilometers south of Khorgos. It is not yet marked on the map: follow the main new highway from Almaty and you will get there.

The border opens at 10.30 Beijing time, it opens every day.

Questions, answers and reports are to be found in our forum topics on crossing the border , the Almaty-Urumqi bus and the Almaty-Urumqi train .  Your Khorgos SEZ reports are welcome here , and we have a travel guide to the area and to Zharkent as well.

China -> Kazakhstan

You can take an overnight train from Urumqi to Huo’erguosi. It will take about 9 hours and cost 170 yuan. Then a taxi to the bus station, where there is money exchange and decent breakfast on offer. Then to Zharkent (KZ) on the bus (70 yuan) – the bus station opens at 9, buses leave when full. From Zharkent, you can take a bus or shared taxi to Almaty. Expect to pay 8000 tenge.

Cyclists are allowed to cross themselves, they do NOT need to take a bus. However, in 2018, several cyclists encountered corruption and very difficult security on the Chinese side. A final ordeal before getting out of terrible Xinjiang .

Kazakhstan -> China

At Sairan bus station in Almaty you can buy a ticket in advance for the daily 7 am bus to China (8000 tenge to Khorgos, 16 000 tenge to Urumqi). On the Chinese side, you can buy a sim card and exchange money. There are hotels in the city that accept foreigners.

Alternatively, you can take the bus to Zharkent, from where a bus to China leaves twice a day, while minibuses leave when full (average wait 2-3 hours, less in weekend).

While some have said they were not allowed to cross by walking or bicycle, others could.  There is money exchange on the Chinese side, but no ATM (there is in Khorgos SEZ).

Once across the border into China, you can take the bus to Urumqi for 150 yuan, 17 hours (bicycles are allowed).

Maikapchagai-Jeminay

Connecting North Kazakhstan with Xinjiang province in China on the Ust-Kamenogorsk – Altay road. Closed on Saturday and Sunday. During the week open from 10:30 to 14:00 and from 15:00 to 19:30 (Chinese time). You can not walk or cycle though, and you are obliged to take a bus across. Reports collected in this forum thread .

Bakhty-Tacheng

A small border crossing between North Kazakhstan and Xinjiang.

Dostyk/Druzhba – Alashankou

Main border crossing for passenger rail and road travel. By train, count on 8 hours at the border. China and Soviet railroads use different gauges, and the wheels of the train need to be changed.

Qaljat (Kalzhat) – Dulata Port

The border is open to freight traffic, and only to citizens of Kazakhstan or China. While Kazakhstan is willing to stamp foreigners out, Chinese border guards refuse foreigners entry.

Closed border crossings

2 other border crossings between Kazakhstan and China are not operational:  Narynkol – Muzart  in the southeast, and  Alekseevka- Aheytubiek  in the northeast. See the  border crossing map  for more information.

Kazakhstan – Kyrgyzstan border crossings

Korday / ak-zhol.

After being closed for reconstruction in 2020-2022, Korday / Ak-Zhol is once again the main border crossing between Bishkek and Almaty. Updates gathered here .

Self-drivers should watch out for the traffic police just beyond the border on the Kyrgyz side. There is a stop sign that should not be ignored; even when stopping, a bribe could be solicited . Further updates in this post .

Large buses go between Bishkek’s Western bus terminal and Almaty’s Sairan bus station (8$, 5 hours), currently 5 times per day.

In case you are left without transport after the border, on the Kyrgyz side there are many buses and taxis going straight to the centre of Bishkek and Dordoi. On the Kazakh side, shared taxis vie for your business for 10$ and up to Almaty. The border is open 24/7, there is currency exchange on both sides and a decent canteen on the Kyrgyz side.

Karkara valley (Kegen – Tup/Kensu)

A scenic crossing, the Karkara valley is a good way to go from Almaty to Karakol , with attractions like Charyn Canyon and Kolsai Lakes on the way. Previously, the border opened only approximately between May 1 and October 31, but now it’s open year round, from dawn til dusk.

The problem is, there is little public transport for travelers without their own vehicle. A bus between Almaty and Karakol exists , but it goes via Bishkek and takes 11 hours.

Crossing reports and questions are gathered in  this forum Q&A .

For those with their own transport: It’s 30 km from Kegen and about 85 to Tup on the Kyrgyz side. Come prepared, there is little in the way of supplies between these towns. The road is rough gravel for the last 15 km on the Kazakh side and the first 50 or so on the Kyrgyz side.

Karkara and Kegen don’t have money changing facilities. If you are coming from Kyrgyzstan, try to get tenge in Karakol. On the Kazakh side, the offroad route from Turgen to Bartogai Reservoir comes highly recommended, although it is very steep if you are cycling.

On public transport

Karakol -> Almaty :  From Karakol you can hitchhike or take a taxi for ~5000 som.

On the Kazakh side, there is no public transport, but people will be willing to give a lift if you can wait for them. The border guards can call their taxi friends in Kegen: expect to pay 20$ for the car to Almaty. Camping or staying in a yurt with locals is an option if you get stuck near the border – there are also accommodation options in Kegen .

Karakol to the border will cost around 20$ with a taxi.

Almaty -> Karakol: A shared taxi from Almaty to Kegen will cost around 10$ for a seat. Shared taxis in Almaty to Kegen hang out around Sayakhat bus station  and tend to leave early. In Kegen, taxi drivers hang out near the petrol station, they ask 10$ for the ride to the border. From the border to Karakol, you need to wait for a car to hitchhike, or organise a ride in advance with a local tour operator.

Hitchhiking reports gathered here .

To find others to share a ride, try hostels and our travel sharing forum . Reasonable chances in July-August, slim chances the rest of the year.

Kegen -> Khorgos (China border): hitchhike or bargain for a ride to Shonzhy with a taxi driver in Kegen (2000 tenge/seat). From Shonzhy, there are shared taxis to Zharkent (1000 tenge/seat). From Zharkent, you need to be lucky to quickly find another hitched ride or shared taxi to Khorgos.

Other crossings

Ak-Tilek / Karasu: With the reconstruction of the Korday border finished, Ak-Tilek, near Kant, has now become limited to bilateral commercial truck traffic – no foreigners, no cars or pedestrians. This might change as it seems construction has moved to this border post.

News is welcome in the Ak-Tilek forum thread .

Alatau : A hiking path from Almaty to Lake Issyk-Kul. This was once one of the top hiking trails in the Soviet Union, but at the moment this border post cannot be crossed by foreigners, or even locals.

Kenbulun & Sartobe : New since 2017 , both of these crossings near Tokmok were bilateral border crossings at first, but they seemed to have converted to international border crossings in 2022 . Reports welcome.

Sypatai Batyr (Chaldybar) : Border crossing on the most direct road between Bishkek and Taraz, between the villages of Merke (KAZ) and Kara-Baltynin (KG). Bishkek – Tashkent buses cross here. Money exchange is available and a small cafe.  Updates here .

Kazakhstan – Uzbekistan border crossings

Crossing into Uzbekistan comes with quite a few peculiarities, see Uzbekistan’s border crossings  for the full list.

Chernayevka/Zhibek-Joly

It is the main road and rail link between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, connecting Shymkent and Tashkent . Generally straightforward crossing nowadays, but there can be considerable waiting time with crushing lines and fisticuffs breaking out occasionally due to the stressful circumstances. If it’s busy, try to stay calm and wait your turn. Many Uzbeks cross the border every day. The border is open 24h with a few breaks daily.  We welcome your reports .

If you are self-driving, you can take this border. Before you could not, instead, having to cross further west at Yalama. This is no longer necessary. BUT, you are much better off using Kaplanbek.

There is a cross-border bus between Shymkent and Tashkent. If that does not work for you, or you would like to get there quicker, combine minibuses and shared taxis on both sides of the border.

Money exchange exists on both sides of the border.

Cross-border bus

The bus runs several times a day, every day. The route takes around 5 hours in total. Start and end point are Tashkent central bus station and Shymkent’s old bus station on Volodarskogo street ( OSM / Gmaps ). Price is 40 000 sum or 1500 tenge one-way, buses have aircon. It pays to book in advance as seats might sell out, but you can only book 2 days in advance. You can book at +7 707 475 86 60 in Shymkent.

Other transport

Tashkent -> Shymkent: you can take a whole taxi for 10$ from the city center, or a taxi or Damas marshrutka (477) for a miniature sum to the border, leaving from the bus stop at the Yunusobod Univermag supermarket. Marshrutkas to Shymkent are possible during the day, however shared taxis are more likely to be found. 1000 KZT would be a reasonable price for a seat in the car.

Shymkent -> Tashkent: Minibuses and shared taxis to the border leave from the Kolos bus station ( OSM /  Gmaps ). A seat on a minibus costs 800 tenge. Once on the Uzbek side, marshrutkas (1500 sum) and taxis gather around 400 m down the road.

On the Beyneu – Kungrad road; the roads are getting better, but still quite bad in places. There is also a daily train between Kungrad and Beyneu , which takes approximately 10 hours. Border opens at 9am.

Shared taxis drive between Kungrad and Beyneu and can also be caught at the border. An example price: 2700 tenge for a seat in a shared taxi from the border to Beyneu. You can exchange dollars and tenge for som on the Uzbek side. Updates reported here .

B. Konysbayeva / Yalama

Formerly the place to cross for self-drivers coming to Tashkent. It’s not as convenient as Chernayevka, but should you be here without your own transport, at a guess the simplest route from Uzbekistan would be to get to Chinaz and jump in a car to Yalama. Money change is available, but nothing else. There are shared taxis waiting on the Kazakh side for locals. Updates posted here .

Serke-Turkistan (Kazygurt)

A bit before Zhibek Zholy, this is also a multilateral border crossing. Before, it was open to self-drivers. Apparently it is only open to trucks and pedestrians since last update. No cars.

Updates in the Serke-Turkistan border crossing thread .

Currently closed for renovation, this is another border crossing close to Tashkent that is much quieter than Zhibek Zholy. Recommended if you have your own wheels. Updates in the Kaplanbek border crossing thread .

No insurance sold at the Kazakh border, but you can get it in Saryagash.

Should be a multilateral checkpoint. However, there are no accounts of travelers passing this way.

Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan border crossing

On entering Turkmenistan you have to pay 12$ entry tax, to be paid in dollars only.  The borders are usually closed for lunch.

Temirbaba : Reopened in 2023 after a 5-year closure.  It was supposed to be temporary , but it has remained closed ever since. Updates posted in the Turkmen-Kazakh border forum topic .

Remote border crossing into Western Kazakhstan on the (very bad on both sides) Zhanaozen-Turkmenbashi road. There is no public transport available, and taxis can be expensive: 6000 tenge to Zhanaozen, 45$ to Turkmenbashi. Take 3,5 hours for 180 km on the Turkmen side. Expect a long wait on either side of the border when driving, it’s still quite busy. A 4WD is preferred.

Turkmenbashi to Garabogaz/Bekdash – pure desert. There is a hotel in the main square next to the beach should you wish to stay overnight. Shared taxi to the border from Garabogaz: 10$, 1 hour drive Without transport, you can walk to the Kazakh side of the border, some 3km. Very hot in summer. You can buy water and some shitty food at the border. The first 50 km of road are really bad, then it gets slightly better. Hitchhiking this road is possible, but might take some time, and perseverance to wait for someone willing to take you for free.

Kazakhstan – Russia border crossings

ATTENTION!  Russia, like Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, is very strict when it comes to codeine! Make sure you are not carrying medication which contains codeine! It is illegal in Russia.

Kazakhstan and Russia share the longest continuous border in the world at 6846km length. So quite a few border crossings here; assume that not all are listed here and please fill us in if you have found more. There are also a good number of bilateral border crossings. We did not put these on the border crossing map, except for the far east, to make it clear there is no quick way to go from Kazakhstan to Mongolia (questions and reports welcome in this forum thread ).

Zhanaul : On the main road from Atyrau to Astrakhan, this is a big and generally smooth border crossing. Also a major railroad border crossing. Reports collected here .

Taskala : On the main road from Uralsk to Saratov. Very basic, but easy-going. No problems reported so far. Reports collected here .

Mashtakov : On the main road from Uralsk to Samara. Reasonably straightforward.

Dimitrovo – Ilek : On the main road from Uralsk to Orenburg.

Zhaisan : On the main road from Aqtobe to Orenburg. If you are taking the train here, take notice, you will need a double entry Kazakh visa. Better to take the bus!

Kairak – Alimbetovka : On the main road from Aqtobe to Orsk.

Podgorodka : On the main road from Kostanay to Chelyabinsk. Further south is a railroad border crossing, on the Kostanay – Magnitogorsk line.

Kazancevskoe : On the main road from Petropavlovsk to Chelyabinsk.

Isilkul – Roslavka : International road and rail border crossing between Omsk and Petropavlovsk. Operates at night. After 6pm, Petropavlovsk is connected to Omsk only by shared taxis.

August 2016: I was taking a Russian train that only dips into Kazakhstan to stop at Petropavlovsk to then go back into Russia. Russian officials do their work on the train at the last station before the border. After that the Kazakhs came on and did their job while the train was driving on to Petropavlovsk. Neither sides were interested in people not getting of in Kazakhstan, hence no double entry Russian visa/Kazakh transit visa seemed to be needed to take the train between two Russian stops. Overall a very smooth border crossing as I didn’t even have to leave my bed.

Karaagash : On the main road from Pavlodar to Omsk.

Oktyabrskiy : International rail and road border crossing between Pavlodar and Barnaul.

Zhezkent : International rail and road border crossing between Semey (Semipalatinsk) and Rubtsovsk. A349 is a good road.

Shemonaika : International road border crossing between Ust-Kamenogorsk and Rubtsovsk that works 24/7. Roads are fine, and you avoid the busier Semey (Semipalatinsk) border crossing.  Updates can be posted here .

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Kazakh MP loses seat after speaking in support of Russia

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Russia's air defence systems destroyed 17 drones launched by Ukraine over its territory, Russia's defence ministry said on Sunday, with a regional official saying the attack targeted an oil storage facility in the Kaluga region.

A Russian drone attack heavily damaged a hotel in Ukraine's southern city of Mykolaiv, the governor of the broader Mykolaiv region said, with Russia's RIA news agency reporting the hotel housed English-speaking mercenaries fighting in Ukraine.

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Pope Francis flew into Venice on Sunday for his first trip of the year, testing his mobility and resilience after a number of health scares in recent months.

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Ak Zhol: The Path to Peace through Prosperity

Speeches shim.

Duration: 2012 - 2014

Budget: $349,174

Implementing Partner:  Civil Society Support Center (CSSC)

Following the June 2010 violence in the southern part of the country, hundreds of thousands of people were displaced from their homes.  In addition to the significant internal displacement, ethnic Kyrgyz residents of enclaves in Uzbekistan, facing increased pressure, relocated to a few discrete areas in Jalalabad oblast. 

Ak-Zhol is a conflict mitigation project that works to decrease tensions between these displaced groups and vulnerable local communities in seven areas in the southern Kyrgyz Republic.  Small grants and micro-credit loans to small business groups, provided by the project, reinforce stable economic conditions within local communities and function as a venue for cooperation, communication, and mutual benefit. The project also provides training on organizational sustainability, business planning and implementation, and establishing community development funds to finance social projects identified by communities.

This project is implemented by the Jalalabad Civil Society Support Center, a local NGO.  It began in March 2012 and will last until March 2014.  Ak-Zhol is also implemented with the involvement of local experts working in the following areas:

• Legal rights of displaced and vulnerable populations
• Open discussion of sensitive issues among different ethnic groups
• Business planning and sustainability
• Financing joint small business creation among diverse communities
• Creating community funds to address social needs

     To date, local textile, baking, sheep-farming, poultry-breeding, and brick production businesses have received small grants through this project.  

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Kazakhstan heads to the polls amid opposition boycott

Ruling Nur Otan party, promising political reform, expected to score a big win in the oil-rich Central Asian nation.

Voters headed to parliamentary polls in Kazakhstan on Sunday with the ruling party expected to score a big win and the oil-rich country’s only registered opposition force boycotting the ballot.

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, 67, has pledged gradual political reform in the authoritarian Central Asian nation since being eased into his post by Nursultan Nazarbayev, who called time on nearly 30 years as head of state in early 2019.

Keep reading

Kazakhstan scraps death penalty after nearly 20-year moratorium, kazakhstan announces $10bn economic package, kazakhstan embraces borat catchphrase to woo tourists.

But 80-year-old Nazarbayev retains powerful positions, including the chairmanship of the Nur Otan party that controls the lower house and boasts 800,000 members among a population of 19 million.

The party is expected to win a commanding majority in the lower house polls featuring four other competing parties that are viewed as proxies.

The only party that styles itself as the opposition, the Nationwide Social Democratic Party (NSDP), ruled itself out of the contest in November, calling the move a “protest” against a rigged system.

The ex-Soviet country has never held an election deemed free or fair by Western vote monitors.

Most residents of the capital Nur-Sultan interviewed by AFP news agency said they planned to skip the vote either because of the bitter cold or the lack of real alternatives to Nur Otan.

Sonya Sartayeva, a pensioner, said she would vote “if they brought a ballot box to my house” as temperatures hovered well below freezing.

She added rising coronavirus cases – which climbed to more than 161,000 on the eve of the vote – were also a concern.

The most notable candidate on the ballot is Nazarbayev’s eldest daughter, Dariga Nazarbayeva, 57, who is representing Nur Otan.

Her return to politics comes just eight months after Tokayev fired her from the position of senate speaker – a role that places the occupant second in line to the presidency.

The dismissal, which was not explained, triggered speculation over a power struggle in Kazakhstan’s leadership.

But the new president regularly lavishes praise on his mentor’s achievements and has pledged to continue his strategic course. The two men appeared together at a Nur Otan party congress in November.

Suffocating authoritarianism

Madiyar, an 18-year-old student in Nur-Sultan, said she and her friends were unlikely to exercise their first opportunity to vote on Sunday.

“We doubt our voice will be heard. I don’t think that there will be significant changes after the vote,” said the student, who asked that her last name be withheld.

The World Bank has estimated Kazakhstan’s economy shrank 2.5 percent in 2020 as it grappled with the effects of the coronavirus pandemic – a first year-on-year recession in two decades.

But suffocating authoritarianism has left few outlets to voice dissatisfaction with the status quo.

NSDP faced off with the ruling party in the last three parliamentary votes, missing out on the legislature each time.

The party’s decision not to participate in the upcoming elections came as France-based fugitive banker and longtime regime nemesis Mukhtar Ablyazov called on opposition activists to vote for NSDP, even as he cast doubt over its opposition credentials.

After the NSDP withdrew from the ballot, Ablyazov asked activists to campaign instead for the pro-government Ak Zhol party as a way to decrease Nur Otan’s stranglehold on power.

Late last month two opposition activists in the northeastern town of Semey were fined $100 each by a court for distributing photocopies of Ak Zhol’s leaflets.

The court said they had done so “without [Ak Zhol’s] stated permission”, according to verdicts seen by AFP – one of several instances of authorities cracking down on campaigning.

Talgat Mamiraimov, a political commentator based in the country’s largest city Almaty, described Sunday’s parliamentary vote as a “pointless spectacle”.

Polls opened at 7am and close at 8pm (1400 GMT) with a state-endorsed exit poll expected later on Sunday night.

Wedding customs and traditions of Kazakhstan

In any country, parents care about the future and well-being of their children. One of the most important customs of Kazakhs before organizing a wedding for their son is “Kudalyk” (matchmaking).

Kudalyk and Syrga saluu (Matchmaking)

Future matchmakers get acquainted a few months before the wedding, so that there is enough time to prepare for the wedding. As a rule, the acquaintance takes place in the house of the future bride or in a restaurant where the bride’s parents are invited by the groom’s parents, that is, the groom’s side pays for dinner.

During the feast , future matchmakers agree on all the nuances of the upcoming wedding : the date and place of the wedding, the size of the kalym, the number of guests, etc.

Nowadays, another interesting rite of “syrga salu” is included in matchmaking, the groom’s mother or one of the honorary relatives puts earrings on the future bride, after which the girl is considered to be engaged.

At the end of the feast, matchmakers give each other gifts, usually hats, clothes, jewelry. The size of the gifts depends on the welfare of the family. And the groom’s side paid the ransom (kalym mal) the bride’s side. Kalym is paid in the form of money, cattle and expensive jewelry.

Kyz Uzatu (Giving a girl in marriage)

After the matchmaking, they arrange “Kyz Uzatu” , which translates as “ Giving a girl in marriage ”. The bride’s relatives arrange Kyz Uzatu at home or in a restaurant. On this day, the bulk of the guests are from her side and from the groom’s side are about 15-30 people.

Nowadays, a bride in a beautiful traditional outfit enters the hall accompanied by a singer with a song “Jar-Jar” , where the groom is waiting for her with flowers. The assembled guests make a speech and give gifts, usually money. Everyone is dancing and having fun.

At the end of the celebration, the ceremony “ak zhol” (light road) takes place. The girl must walk along the white fabric path without looking back, that is, into the past. At the end of this path, her groom and future mother-in-law are waiting for her, who puts a head scarf on her head, and the groom takes her in his arms and leaves the restaurant. After that, a religious ceremony of marriage “neke kiyu” is held in the mosque.

The wedding day and Betashar ceremony

Finally, the wedding day itself comes. It is customary to invite all relatives, friends, acquaintances of relatives, former classmates, colleagues, and neighbors to the wedding, so the number of guests exceeds a hundred people.

On this day, another “betashar” ceremony is held, a ceremony of acquaintance with her husband’s relatives and a ceremony of revealing the bride’s face. The girl is standing in the center of the hall, with her face covered. Then the dombra song “betashar zhyry” is performed, which is passed down from generation to generation and instructs the bride how to behave with elders, refers to her husband. The bride greets everyone with a bow, and the guests in turn give (korimdik), put money in a special cup.

At the end of the ceremony, the singer (zhyrshy) opens the bride’s face with a dombra (musical instrument). The ceremony comes to a logical conclusion and the wedding begins.

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27 October 2021, 17:15

How Nurly Zhol program is changing Kazakhstan: Modern highways and new directions

Kazakhstan continues to actively implement the Nurly Zhol State Infrastructure Development Program. Following the completion of the first five-year plan of the state program, the share of republican roads in good and satisfactory condition has been brought to 88% and of local importance — to 71%. Read how the road infrastructure of the republic has changed, at what stage is the construction and reconstruction of highways in the review material.

Implementation of Nurly Zhol State Program for Infrastructure Development

In 2020, the implementation of the second stage of the Nurly Zhol State Program for 2020-2025 has begun. In total, 9.8 thousand km of public roads were covered by construction, reconstruction and repair work (including: construction and reconstruction — 4 thousand km and repair — 1.8 thousand km of the republican network, repair of the local network — 4 thousand km).

On the roads of the republican network, construction work covered 4 thousand km. Based on the results of the work performed, a passage of 2.6 thousand km was provided. Within the framework of major and medium repairs, 1.8 thousand km were covered, of which 1.1 thousand km were put into operation (0.7 thousand km are ongoing projects).

On the roads of the local network, the coverage of construction and repair work amounted to 4 thousand km, of which 2.7 thousand km were completed. The implementation of these projects made it possible to increase the share of roads in good condition on the roads of republican and local significance to 89 and 75 percent, respectively.

This year, road construction covered 8,400 km, of which 5,000 km along the republican network, including the reconstruction of 3,600 km and the repair of 1,400 km. On the roads and streets of the local network, road construction work is underway for 3.4 thousand km.

Following the results of 9 months, the following work was completed:

• Within the framework of the construction and reconstruction of the republican network, work was completed on 1.4 thousand km.
• By the end of the year, work will be completed on 2.2 thousand km.
• Within the framework of overhaul and medium repairs, 452 km have been completed to date (overhaul — 74 km, medium repair — 378 km).

On the roads of the local network following the results of 9 months of this year the construction and repair work was completed on 1.4 thousand km. At the end of the year, 90% of the roads of republican significance will be brought to a standard state (89% at the end of 2020) of local roads of 80%.

In accordance with Nurly Zhol State Program of Infrastructure Development for 2020-2025, the share of local roads in good and satisfactory condition must be increased to 95% by 2025.

As part of these works at the end of 2020, the state of the local network was improved up to 75%.

In 2021, the total amount of funding for the development of the local network from the republican budget and taking into account the local budget at financing parity is 301 billion tenge:

• 163 billion tenge for regional and district roads,
• 138 billion tenge for the cities of republican significance Nur-Sultan, Almaty and Shymkent.

At the expense of the allocated funds, by the end of this year, all types of road repair work will cover about 3.4 thousand km of roads. Based on the results of these works, by the end of 2021, it is planned to increase the share of roads in a standard condition to 80% in the country as a whole.

At the same time, in accordance with the instructions of the Head of State for the development of regions, regional akimats are working on comprehensive plans for the socio-economic development of regions, which also provide for work to improve regional and district roads and streets of settlements. To date, a five-stage quality control has been implemented at construction, reconstruction, overhaul and medium repairs of roads of the republican network (customer, contractor quality service, technical supervision, field supervision and the national quality center). To check the incoming quality control, the materials used are tested in the relevant certified laboratories. This practice should be fully used on the road projects of the local and road network.

How pandemic and quarantine measures taken affected pace of road construction

The start of the pandemic and the introduction of quarantine measures fell on March-April of 2020 and the beginning of the construction season.

So, in order to timely implement road projects, in connection with the introduction of restrictions on interregional movement during the pandemic, a "green corridor" was provided for unhindered access to construction materials, as well as 1,325 units of special equipment and 2,577 workers to construction sites, including those located in cities and other settlements that are in quarantine.

Thus, despite the situation of the pandemic, all jobs have been saved, the number of which is 200 thousand people (100 thousand people at construction sites, 100 thousand people in the related industry).

In general, in 2020, road construction work was carried out in accordance with the work schedule and the planned tasks were achieved.

The construction of high-speed 4-lane highways continues, linking the capital, Nur-Sultan, with the regions along the ray principle.

The reconstruction of the road to the city of Pavlodar under the I technical category has been completed along the Center-East corridor.

In the northern direction, reconstruction has been completed to the city of Petropavlovsk, next year it is planned to complete the section Petropavlovsk - Russian border to Kurgan.

Large-scale work is underway to reconstruct the Center-South corridors, in the sections Karaganda - Balkhash - Burylbaital - Kurty - Kapshagai. By the end of the year, it is planned to complete the main work of the section to Balkhash (363 km) and by the end of 2023 to complete the reconstruction of the Center-South corridor.

In addition, work is underway in the western region of Aktobe - Atyrau - Astrakhan with a total length of more than 800 km. Where will work on the Kandyagash - Makat section be completed this year?

Reconstruction of roads in East Kazakhstan region, Almaty and Karaganda regions

Within the framework of Nurly Zhol State Program of Infrastructure Development in the territory of East Kazakhstan, Almaty, Karaganda and Zhambyl regions, the reconstruction of the roads Taldykorgan - Kalbatau - Ust-Kamenogorsk and Karaganda - Balkhash - Burylbaital - Kurty - Kapshagai with a total length of 1,714 km started at the expense of a non-state loan.

Construction and installation works on the Taldykorgan - Kalbatau - Ust-Kamenogorsk project with a length of 768 km, started in 2019. To date, work is being carried out along the entire length of the site, work is being done on filling the subgrade, laying foundation layers and laying pavement, at the same time, work is underway on the construction of artificial structures. This year, travel along the corridor will be provided with completion of work in 2022.

The section of Karaganda - Almaty with a length of 946 km, includes four main sections of the reconstruction Karaganda - Balkhash, Balkhash - Burylbaital, Burylbaital - Kurty and Kurty-Kapshagai. The project provides for the reconstruction of the road with a transfer to the I-b technical category with 4-lane traffic and the presence of a barrier that separates oncoming traffic flows.

Full-scale construction work is currently underway on the sites. Contractors are working on the construction of the roadbed, the device of bypass roads, the laying of structural layers of pavement, as well as the construction of artificial structures.

Completion of work on the section of Karagandy - Almaty is planned by the end of 2023. According to the Concession Agreement, the construction and installation works of the BAKAD must be completed within 50 months.

In accordance with the construction schedule, it is planned to complete the road surface arrangement by the end of 2023. At the same time, the Ministry will make every effort to complete construction work by the end of 2023 and reduce the time for full implementation of the project by 1 year.

To date, construction and installation work has been deployed along the entire length of the road. The removal of power supply and gas supply networks, the installation of culverts, excavation and bridge works are being carried out.

According to the terms of the contracts, the completion of work on these projects is envisaged in 2022. This year, it is planned to carry out a large amount of work with the opening of traffic along the entire length of the corridor, which will ensure a comfortable passage for the users of these roads. In order to speed up work on projects, contractors have transferred work to a two-shift operation. Special attention was paid to the procurement of road building materials in the spring.

East Kazakhstan region

The road network of the East Kazakhstan region is 11,924 km, including 3,414 km – republican, 3,186 km – regional and 5,324 km – regional roads. The share of roads in good and satisfactory condition is planned to be increased to 89% by the end of 2021.

In general, 24.2 billion tenge was allocated for the repair and maintenance of local roads and streets of settlements in 2021, including, within the framework of 50/50 parity financing, 3.7 billion tenge was allocated for the average repair of roads of regional and district significance.

The repair covered 180 km of public roads, of which 86 km are regional roads, 94 km are regional roads. The repair covered 11 km of the Bolshenarym - Kurchum road, 20 km of Makanchi - Zhalanashkol, 11 km of Ayagoz - Karaul - Semey-Kainar, 20 km of Omsk - Maykapchagai - Shilikty - Akzhar, 15 km of Kurchum - Kalzhyr, 10 km of Tavria - Kamenka - Troinitskoe, 14 km of Sogornoye - Barlyk - Aksu, 27 km of Kurchum - Aksuat - Zholnuskau, 9 km of Semey - Kurchatov, also regional roads Kuigan - Zhalanash, entrance to the village of Tassay, Bolshaya Bukon - Kokzhaiyk - Ulgilimalshy.

Within the framework of the Nurly Zhol Program on the territory of the East Kazakhstan region, at the expense of a non-state loan, the reconstruction of the Taldykorgan - Kalbatau - Ust-Kamenogorsk highways, section of 615-1,073 km and Kalbatau - Maikapshagai, section of 906-1,321 km, with a total length 869 km 13 billion tenge is provided for the street and road network of cities and districts for the repair of 213 km of streets.

Today, an urgent issue is the development of promising basic rural settlements, especially villages in border and former regional centers. For the repair of roads leading to villages, as well as intra-village roads, 3.5 billion tenge was allocated this year for the repair of 145 km of streets in 32 settlements.

The 454 km Taldykorgan - Kalbatau - Ust-Kamenogorsk project involves the contractors CITIC Construction Co., LTD, K-Dorstroy JSC, and Todini Central Asia LLP. The total cost of the project is 161.6 billion tenge. Traffic was opened on the 304th km of the road section.

1,131 people were mobilized at the reconstruction sites and 740 pieces of equipment were involved. 7 subcontractors were involved.

To date, 9.8 million m3 have been arranged. roadbed, 346 km of base, 304 km of asphalt, also 292 culverts and cattle passes, 16 bridges and overpasses.

Under the Kalbatau-Maykapshagai project, 415 km long, contractors KazGerStroy LLP and the Xinxing Chinese Construction Company are involved:

From the beginning of work on the project with a total project cost of 157 billion tenge.

Currently, traffic is open on 127 km of the road. At the moment, 1185 people are involved and 532 units of road construction equipment are involved.

10 subcontractors were involved in construction work, 7 asphalt concrete plants and 7 crushing and screening plants are operating. In total, road-building materials were harvested – 1,125 thousand m3 of crushed stone, reinforced concrete products – 9.7 thousand m3, 17.1 thousand tons of bitumen.

7.4 million m3 of roadbed, 209 km of foundation, 127 km of asphalt, 254 culverts and cattle passes, 8 bridges and overpasses were also built.

According to the project on Reconstruction of the section of the republican road Ust-Kamenogorsk - Altai - Bolshenarym - Katon-Karagai - Rakhmanov Klyuch, acts on the right of permanent land use were obtained and registered with the justice authorities. Since the reconstruction project was developed in 2015-2017 and since then there has been an increase in the cost of road building materials and fuels and lubricants, it became necessary to adjust the estimated part of the project. This year, an application was sent to the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan to include the project in the list of projects to be corrected. After passing the procedure for adjusting the design and estimate documentation and obtaining the conclusion of the state examination, a tender for the construction and installation work will be announced.

On the Semey - Kainar highway this year, medium repairs have covered sections of km 132-182 and km 208-220 with a total length of 62 km. On the section km 132-182, work is underway on a medium repair using the recycling method. The contractor is Firm Avtodorservice LLP, recycling has been carried out along the entire length, the coating has been installed for 11 km.

On the section of 208-220 km, work is underway on a medium repair using the recycling method. The contractor is LLP Gordorstroy, recycling for 9 km, covering 8 km.

In 2021, a section of the reconstruction of the Taskesken-Bakhty highway, km 0-20, in the Urdzhar region, was commissioned.

Within the framework of the Nurly Zhol State Program, within a short period of time, the Terese LLP contractor completed the reconstruction of the runway at the international airport in Ust-Kamenogorsk.

Due to the work carried out, the runway was lengthened to 2,800 meters, the width was increased to 60 meters. A complete replacement of the old asphalt concrete pavement was carried out, an updated system of lighting equipment was installed.

Reconstruction works were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the standards of serviceability of civil aviation aerodromes of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). To increase the cargo potential of the airport, it is planned to complete construction this year – a cargo terminal for 30 tons per day and a temporary storage warehouse for 100 tons.

The last time similar work to restore the airport infrastructure was carried out back in 1996, so the renovation was dictated by time.

In September, the authorized body of Aviation Administration of Kazakhstan JSC, based on the results of a certification survey of the aerodrome, issued an appropriate document authorizing the use of a new runway.

Since Oct. 1, 2021, the air harbor of the regional center has resumed its work and at the moment regular flights of Skat and Kazakh Air airlines to the cities of Nur-Sultan, Almaty and Karaganda are organized for residents and guests of the region.

In addition, Air Astana has expressed interest in organizing regular flights from the airport of Ust-Kamenogorsk, however, due to production issues of the airline itself, a number of planned flights have been temporarily canceled. At the same time, Skat and Kazakh Air airlines have increased the frequency of flights to existing destinations.

In the near future, the list of available directions and airlines from the airport of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk will increase, work in this direction continues.

Almaty region

Within the framework of Nurly Zhol State Program in the Almaty region, work will be carried out on the reconstruction and medium, overhaul of 191.9 km of local highways. And also by the end of the year 19 objects will be completed.

According to the Action Plan for the Implementation of Pre-Election Program of the Nur Otan party "Path of Change: A Decent Life for Everyone!" (Almaty region) the following works will be performed:

1. Construction and reconstruction of 188.7 km of local highways.

2. Overhaul of 120.2 km of roads and 16 bridges.

3. Medium repair of 1,480 km of regional roads in (46 villages)

A number of large projects will be implemented in this year. The projects will not only have a significant impact on the development of tourist cluster of the region, but also for logistics to the neighboring cities of Almaty and the People's Republic of China.

In the context of the type of work, the data of 27.7 billion tenge are distributed as follows 419.2 km:

1. 8.5 billion tenge for the construction and reconstruction of 12.3 km.

2. 7.2 billion tenge – for an average repair of 228.6 km.

3. 4 billion tenge – for the overhaul of 23.5 km of roads and 6 bridges.

4. 8 billion tenge – for 154.8 km of current repairs, maintenance and repair by route method.

By the end of the year, the share of regional roads in good and satisfactory condition will increase by 5% – from 84% to 89%. To date, the implementation of the planned work and the disbursement of funds is over 60% – 289 km have been repaired for 18 billion tenge.

Introduction of toll roads

Within the framework of Nurly Zhol State Program, by the end of 2025, the share of self-supporting toll roads of republican significance should be 45% of the total length or 11 thousand km. At the first stage, it is planned to introduce a toll collection system on road sections with a length of 5.8 thousand km. First of all, toll fees will be introduced on the sections of the first category roads with a length of 1.8 thousand km.

Rates of payment on these sections will remain at the same level in the amount of 5 to 25 tenge per 1 km. The planned amount of the collection will be 17.3 billion tenge, which will be directed to their maintenance.

Further, it is planned to introduce payment for the remaining sections of the second and third categories with a length of 4 thousand km. The fee will be levied only for trucks, with a reduction factor related to the level of comfort.

For reference: Aktobe - Russian border (to Orenburg), Uralsk - Russian border (to Saratov), Uralsk - Russian border (to Samara). Atyrau - Dossor - Beineu - Akzhigit - border of Uzbekistan, Kostanay - Russian border (to Troitsk), Pavlodar - Russian border (to Omsk), Nur-Sultan - Kostanay, Pavlodar - Semey, Uralsk - Aktobe, Karabutak - Kyzylorda.

At the second stage, it is planned to introduce a payment option as the reconstruction work is completed on the remaining sections with a length of 5.2 thousand km.

The projected fees for 10 years will amount to about 532 billion tenge, which will be directed to the maintenance of toll roads, the maintenance of the toll collection system, thereby excluding expenses from the republican budget.

Development of roadside service

Today, 1,738 roadside service places are located along the roads of republican significance, of which 1,093 comply with the national standard. In order to provide roads of republican significance with roadside service facilities, work is underway to build new and bring existing roadside service facilities in line with the national standard. An inventory of all service objects is carried out. For the further development of the infrastructure, Regional Action Plans for the development of the NSO were signed with all regional akimats.

As part of the digitalization of roadside service facilities, information about all roadside service facilities for the Here Kazakhstan navigation system was uploaded and digitized, and information about the FSA was previously uploaded to YandexMaps, Google Maps, Transpark.

In order to implement the Nurly Zhol State Program, as well as to bring the roadside service facilities in line with the national standard, a program is being implemented to arrange well-equipped sanitary and hygienic units.

Within the framework of the signed agreement between JS NC KazAvtoZhol and anchor investors, work on the construction of gas stations has been intensified, meetings are held, visits to the gas stations under construction and operating are planned to resolve existing problematic issues. In general, by 2025, at the expense of anchor investors, 134 gas stations with well-equipped hygienic units will be built.

In addition, until the end of this year, 71 new service units will be installed. By the end of 2025, over 400 units will be installed. facilities as well as all existing service facilities will comply with the National Standard.

Introduction of new technologies

A number of new technologies and materials have been introduced in the road industry, which are successfully applied, accelerating construction work and improving the quality of highways.

The main criteria for the introduction of new technologies and materials are improving quality, reducing costs and energy costs, as well as increasing safety and comfort on highways and reducing environmental impact.

In this regard, the following technologies have been introduced and envisaged:

• the device of coatings from crushed stone-mastic polymer asphalt concrete;
• Warm asphalt concrete technology with the use of energy-saving additives,
• porous-mastic asphalt concrete;
• protective wear layers;
• cold recycling technology;
• soil stabilization technology at the base of the pavement;
• geosynthetic materials;
• protective impregnating compounds are used for asphalt concrete pavements;
• production wastes are used when constructing structural layers of pavement.
• Ensuring the safety and sustainable operation of highways during the flood period.

In order to prepare highways of national importance for the current flood period, the corresponding Action Plans were approved and flood control commissions were created at the central and regional levels from representatives of the Committee for Roads, KazAvtoZhol JSC, KazAvtodor LLP, as well as their regional branches.

The action plan provides for a number of preventive measures aimed at preventing the formation of floods. Taking into account the flood periods of previous years, 482 hazardous areas, 59 bridges and 739 culverts were taken under control, where the necessary road maintenance equipment was fixed. In general, when implementing flood control measures, the climatic conditions of the regions are taken into account, as well as the results of the flood period of previous years.

When implementing reconstruction projects, the carrying capacity of bridges and pipes is taken into account, geological surveys are carried out.

Development of international corridors

The priority reconstruction projects are international corridors passing through the territory of the country, there are 7 of them in the country.

1) Western Europe - Western China with a length of 2,747 km through the territory of Kazakhstan. In 2017, the complete reconstruction of the Western Europe - Western China corridor across the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan was completed.

Speaking of characteristics, the road sections from Khorgos to Kyzylorda correspond to the I technical category with 4-lane traffic (1,424 km). The intensity on these road sections is about 14 thousand vehicles / day.

Sections Kyzylorda - Karabutak - Aktobe - Martuk Russian border is in the II technical category (1,323 km), so at the time of reconstruction of these sections in 2009 there was a small traffic flow, reconstruction under the 2nd technical category was enough here.

However, due to the growth of freight traffic in recent years and its prospective growth, it is planned to gradually transfer these sections to category 1 with 4-lane traffic.

So, this year we began design and survey work on the reconstruction of the Aktobe - Ulgaysyn section with a length of 262 km.

Remaining sections of Russian border - Aktobe, Ulgaysyn - Kyzylorda (1,061 km) will be systematically reconstructed until 2030.

2) in the east of the country, the section Chinese border - Maykapshagai - Kalbatau, is scheduled for completion in 2023.

Until 2017, we completed the reconstruction of the Kalbatau - Semey - Pavlodar - Omsk section (701 km).

3) also in the eastern region of the country, the reconstruction of the Taldykorgan - Ust-Kamenogorsk and Usharal - Dostyk - PRC highways section is underway. Completion of the work is scheduled for 2022.

The section Ust-Kamenogorsk - Shemonaikha - Barnaul is planned to be reconstructed in the period 2024-2026.

Reconstruction of these sections will provide a route from the southern regions of the country in the direction of Altai.

4) Corridor on Almaty - Nur-Sultan - Petropavlovsk - Kurgan is 1,868 km.

The section Almaty - Balkhash - Karaganda - Nur-Sultan was reconstructed in 2004 with 2-lane traffic.

Due to the increase in traffic and transit of vehicles, the section Nur-Sultan - Karagandy was reconstructed under the first technical category with 4-lane traffic.

Also, in 2019, the reconstruction of the Karagandy - Balkhash - Almaty section has begun with a transfer to the I technical category, which we plan to complete in 2023.

5) In 2013, work was completed on the reconstruction of the section Nur-Sultan - Kostanay - Chelyabinsk of 860 km and as the intensity increases, reconstruction will begin in 2024, with the transfer to an increased category of the Atbasar - Kostanay section, which is planned to be completed by 2027.

6) In the west of the country, since 2018, we have been intensively working on the reconstruction of the Aktobe - Atyrau - Astrakhan highway, which we plan to complete in 2023.

7) For the Atyrau - Uralsk section, the development of design estimates with the transfer of the road from II to I technical category is underway. Construction work is planned to begin in 2022 and be completed in 2025.

It is planned to reconstruct all international corridors by 2030 with the provision of promising capacity.

Reconstruction of the highway on Aktobe - Atyrau - Russian border (to Astrakhan).

Within the framework of the Nurly Zhol program on the territory of Aktobe and Atyrau regions, at the expense of a state loan (ADB), at the expense of funds under a state guarantee (EBRD ) and the republican budget, the reconstruction of the highway Aktobe - Atyrau - the Russian Federation (to Astrakhan) is being carried out.

The work on the Aktobe - Kandyagash section will be carried out by contractors JV SineMidasStroy and Todini Constructioni (km 11-52) and JV Akzhol Kurylys LLP / AzVirt LLC / Assana DorStroy LLP (km 52-100). Financing with funds from the Asian Development Bank. Work on the site began in April 2021. According to the reconstruction project, the updated road will be transferred to category I-B with 4-lane traffic (77.5 km) from Aktobe to the entrance to Kandyagash and II category with 2-lane traffic (18.2 km) bypassing Kandyagash. On the new section of the road with a length of 96 km (the length according to the state examination), the road workers will erect 18 bridge structures, 66 pipes, will also build DEU and DEP to service this section of the road.

At the moment, work is underway to fill the embankment of the roadbed and work on artificial structures (bridges, pipes). On the section of km 52-100, work is underway on the foundation and laying of asphalt concrete. Until the end of the year, it is planned to provide 18 km of travel along the lower layer of the pavement (one lane each).

The section on 100-160 km, length 60 km, financed from the republican budget, is carried out by the contracting organization Uniserv LLP. The total cost of the project is 14 billion tenge. Driving along the bottom layer of the pavement for 50 km is provided. 126 people and 120 units were mobilized at the reconstruction site. technology. 4 subcontractors were involved.

At the moment, work is underway to arrange the top layer of the coating from ShchMA-20 and to equip the road. By the end of this year, it is planned to complete the entire upper layer of the surface of the SMA and ensure the passage along the main road. Section on Kandyagash - Makat, km 160-504 with a length of 304.5 km, contractors are involved: Todini Construzioni SpA LLP, Shanghai Construction Group Co. Ltd, AkzholKurylys LLP, and Ant Insaat Maden Sa. Terms of project implementation 2017-2022 Financing from the Asian Development Bank.

The total cost of the project is 74.5 billion tenge, 59 billion tenge has been mastered. To date, 228 km of the upper pavement layer, 298 km of the lower pavement layer have been arranged. At this time, work is underway on the laying of asphalt concrete, the arrangement of the road. In 2021, it is planned to put into operation 168 km of the road, open traffic throughout the section. 712 personnel were mobilized at the reconstruction sites and 446 pieces of equipment were involved.

The Atyrau-Astrakhan section, km 616-833 with a length of 217 km, contractors Lankaran Yol Tikinti Open JSC, Todini Costruzioni Generali S, Ant Insaat Maden Sanayi A, SMS LLP are involved. Project implementation period 2020-2023 Financing from EBRD funds.

The cost of all sites is 52.8 billion tenge, to date, 15.1 billion tenge has been mastered on these sites. or 29% completed work for 5.8 billion tenge (80%). To date, in the sections of km 616-833, there is a weak procurement of inert materials and work performance.

Along the sections of km 616-833, in total, it is required to lay 749 thousand tons of asphalt concrete on 217 km of the section. The work began in 2020, and today the subgrade is being dumped, the foundation layers and artificial structures are being laid.

The Atyrau - Astrakhan section of km 833-853 with a length of 20 km was commissioned by the contracting organization SMS LLP in 2020.

Section of Atyrau - Astrakhan on km 853-893, 40 km long, work is carried out by the SMS LLP contractor. Since the beginning of construction, 1.3 million m3 of soil has been laid, 37.6 km of the lower layer and the upper layers of the base, 37 km of the lower layer of the coating, 35 km of the upper layer of the coating.

By the end of this year, it is planned to complete the entire upper layer of the surface and ensure the passage along the main road, 97 equipment pieces were mobilized and 173 workers were involved.

How much investment attracted in road construction?

Within the framework of the Nurly Zhol State Program, since 2015, loans from international financial institutions totaling more than $3.9 billion have been attracted for the implementation of projects for the construction and reconstruction of highways of the republican network.

The following projects were implemented at the expense of the attracted funds: the reconstruction of International Transit corridor of Western Europe - Western China, including the Shymkent - Tashkent section, the Beineu - Aktau highway was reconstructed in the west of the country.

From the resulting savings from the Western Europe - Western China project, the Balkhash - Burylbaital, Kurty - Burylbaital and Uzynagash - Otar projects are being implemented.

In addition, as part of the reconstruction of the Aktobe - Atyrau - Russian Federation corridor to Astrakhan, the Aktobe - Makat section is being reconstructed.

Also, in accordance with the Agreement on the Organization of Financing Investment Projects of the Road Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, through loans from the Export-Import Bank of China for a total of $2.6 billion. The following projects are in the active phase of implementation: Taldykorgan - Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kalbatau - Maykapshagai, Merke - Burylbaital, Karaganda - Balkhash, South - West bypass of Nur-Sultan.

In recent years, within the framework of public-private partnerships, $1 billion of investments have been attracted to the road industry for such projects as: the construction of the BAKAD, the modernization of the Nur Zholy PP and the introduction of a payment system.

Construction and maintenance of highways for 2022

In 2022, it is planned to cover 3.8 thousand km with construction and reconstruction.

Work on the implementation of current projects with a total length of 3,022 km will continue with the subsequent completion by the end of the year of the following road sections: Taldykorgan - Oskemen (768 km), Karaganda - Balkhash (363 km), Burylbaital - Kurty (228 km), Kurty - Kapshagai ( 67 km), Aktobe - Kandyagash (100 km), Atyrau - Astrakhan (217 km), Usharal - Dostyk (124 km), Merke - Burylbaital (120 km), Kostanay - Denisovka (19 km), Shamalgan overpass (6 km) , Petropavlovsk - Russian border to Kurgan (31 km).

At the same time, it is planned to start implementation of new reconstruction projects: Atyrau - Uralsk (519 km), Kyzylorda - Zhezkazgan (427 km), Aktobe - Ulgaysyn (262 km), Podstepnoe – Fedorovka (144 km).

Total winter maintenance will cover 24.9 thousand km.

Currently, the preparation of road maintenance for the winter period is being completed. The number of winter vehicles for Kazhavtodor LLP is 772. In addition, production bases have been prepared.

Within the framework of a comprehensive target program, the following works were carried out, such as the installation of road signs, LED signs, road buffers, repair of the fence, elimination of the track and comb, road marking.

First of all, road maintenance works are aimed at ensuring round-the-clock, year-round, uninterrupted traffic of vehicles.

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Enhancing the Capacity of the Korday-Ak Zhol Checkpoint: Implications for Bilateral Cooperation

On April 2, 2021, the major border checkpoint at Kazakh-Kyrgyz international boundary – the Korday-Ak Zhol was opened after renovation by Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Askar Mamin and Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Ulukbek Maripov. During the opening ceremony, which was part of the ninth meeting of the intergovernmental council, counterparts discussed the further development of border cooperation. By enlarging the throughput of the checkpoint, in particular, sides aspire to boost the movement of people and trade flows that have multiple effects for bilateral partnership [Primeminister.kz, 2021]. Against this backdrop, the article discusses prospects of renovated border checkpoint and elaborate the border cooperation between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in principal.

The Korday-Ak Zhol checkpoint is an important vein of connectivity in the region. Located on the highway leading to Almaty (200 km) and next to Bishkek (20 km), it is a major border post for people and cars along the Kazakh-Kyrgyz borders. Before the pandemic, it served around 10,000 people and 1,500 cars every day. During the peak times such as the tourist season or Sundays, the number reached up to 35,000 people and 2,500 cars, which led to long queues [Azattyk, 2021]. The decision to expand the capacity of one of the busiest border crossing points (BCP) was followed during the visit of Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to Kyrgyzstan in November 2019, which resulted in closing the border for reconstruction in February 2020. At present, the upgraded checkpoints permit to cross from 1,000 to 2,500 vehicles and from 6,000 to 25,000 people per day. To achieve it, the building area was increased by 3.5 times to 4.9 thousand square meters, allowing to boost the capacity of traffic lanes from 2 to 8 and the number of passport control booths from 13 to 34 [Primeminister.kz, 2021].

The upgrade of the border facilities was awaited by pedestrians since it is the major route for passengers, cars, buses, and mini-buses along the border. Travelers from Kazakhstan cross the Korday border post, nearest to the Dordoy market, for purchasing goods in the major re-export center in Central Asia for bazaar-type products [Kaminski, Mitra, 2010]. During the summer season, the border post is overloaded with tourists traveling to Issyk-Kul, a popular tourist destination thanks to its high-altitude lake. It also connects citizens of Korday town with Bishkek, where they study, work or purchase goods due to its closeness. Kyrgyz citizens also pass the border through the Ak Zhol BCP due to its proximity to Bishkek and Almaty. Because the area is populated from both sides of the border, there is a high percentage of local border crossings, too. The mini-buses traveling between Bishkek-Almaty, as well as a regular bus line to Krasnoyarsk, Russia also supports a large number of pedestrians crossing the border [ADB, 2018].

Besides the Korday-Ak Zhol BCP, along the Kazakh-Kyrgyz borders, there are seven automobile and one railway checkpoints. Among them, the Karasu-Ak-Tilek located 30 km northeast of Bishkek and 200 km southeast of Almaty is the major checkpoint for freight vehicles. Like Kordai-Ak Zhol, it is another busy BCP, which in majority serves commercial trucks and cement trucks, carrying raw materials for or from the Kant Cement Factory.

A movement of people and goods between two countries proceed within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) procedures of free movement without the use of customs declaration and state control, where both are members of. Yet, the Kazakh-Kyrgyz border sometimes experiences obstacles related to the mechanisms of border control. In particular, Kyrgyzstan claimed a number of times on the accumulation of trucks due to Kazakhstan’s hindrance. Kyrgyz authorities even appealed to the World Trade Organization and the Eurasian Economic Commission on that issue. Kazakh side requests for better control, since, according to Kazakh authorities, Kyrgyzstan underestimates data on the export and import of goods by 10 times, which results in sufficient underpayment of VAT to the budget of Kazakhstan and partner countries [Kapital, 2020]. Kyrgyz authorities, in their turn, deny that smuggling is a problem within the system, insisting that it all are individual cases [Djanibekova, 2020].

In essence, the Kazakh-Kyrgyz borders always were a critical junction for transporting Chinese goods. Being the first Central Asian country that joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), Kyrgyzstan, from the beginning, actively used its potential with other WTO members like China. Thanks to preferential tariffs for the WTO members, along with liberal economic policies of the country, Kyrgyzstan became a Eurasian re-export hub with its center at the Dordoy market. Located 13 km from the Korday-Ak Zhol BCP, Dordoy supplied markets of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia with goods from China, Korea, Turkey, and other countries. There, according to different estimates, 70%-90% of goods coming from China were re-exported to other counties [Mogilevskii, 2012]. Although these privileges reduced when Kyrgyzstan entered the Customs Union and Kazakhstan opened its Special Economic Zone (SEZ) with China on its own borders, Kyrgyz people still attempt to benefit from Chinese transit. Probably, such attempts to hinder actual volumes of transported goods cause difficulties for both sides.

On top of that, border inspection becomes an issue when political circumstances call for it. In addition to a famous closure of borders, a reaction to the then-president of Kyrgyzstan Atambayev’s statements in 2017, the borders were forced to operate in a special mode or were completely closed during the Korday events in 2020, revolutions in Kyrgyzstan in 2005, and 2010.

In general, Kazakh-Kyrgyz borders are strategic for ground-level interaction, since the borders are crossed every day by over 18 thousand people and more than 600 units of transport equipment [Amrebayev, 2020]. In 2019, according to the State Border Service of the Kyrgyz Republic, 12.1 million people crossed the Kazakh-Kyrgyz borders, but in 2020, the number decreased by five times – to 2.6 million due to coronavirus restrictions [Ulukbek uulu, 2021].

Hence, it is seen that the renovation of the key border checkpoint is a strategic step to enlarge the existing cooperation, whilst upgrading border facilities aims to eliminate existing border control issues. A memorandum of cooperation between Khorgos SEZ (Kazakhstan) and Naryn SEZ (Kyrgyzstan), along with prospects for the establishment of a joint Alatau Cross-Border Trade Centre at the Karasu – Ak Tilek checkpoint is another promising decision of the ninth intergovernmental council [Primeminister.kz, 2021]. We could only add that smart operation of borders benefits not only bordering countries but also affects the supply chain of the region and far beyond, which was well demonstrated during the restrictions caused by the recent pandemic.

References:

ADB (2018). TA-9487REG: Almaty-Bishkek Economic Corridor Support. Kyrgyz Republic Report. Retrieved from https://www.almaty-bishkek.org/uploads/reports/ABEC-BCP-Process-Kyrgyz-Republic-Report.pdf . Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Amrebayev, Aydar (2020). Kazakhstan – Kyrgyzstan: The Border of Friendship and Cooperation or Misunderstanding and Rivalry? Retrieved from https://cabar.asia/en/kazakhstan-kyrgyzstan-the-border-of-friendship-and-cooperation-or-misunderstanding-and-rivalry . Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Azattyk (2021). The opening of the Ak-Zhol-Avtodorozhniy checkpoint took place with the participation of the heads of government of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://rus.azattyk.org/a/sostoyalos-otkrytie-kpp-ak-zhol-avtodorozhnyy-posle-remonta/. Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Djanibekova, Nurjamal (2020). Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan border crises complicated by mutual distrust. Retrieved from https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstan-kazakhstan-border-crises-complicated-by-mutual-distrust. Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Kaminski, Bartlomiej and Mitra, Saumya (2012). Borderless Bazaars and Regional Integration in Central Asia: Emerging Patterns of Trade and Cross-Border Cooperation. Directions in Development-Trade. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Kapital (2020). Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have agreed to open all checkpoints on the border. Retrieved from https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/87754/kazakhstan-i-kyrgyzstan-dogovorilis-ob-otkrytii-vsekh-punktov-propuska-na-granitse.html . Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Mogilevskii, Roman (2012). Re-export Activities in Kyrgyzstan: Issues and Prospects. Institute of Public Policy and Administration. Working Paper No.9, 2012. Retrieved from https://www.ucentralasia.org/Content/Downloads/UCA-IPPA-WP-9-Reexport-Eng.pdf. Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Primeminister.kz (2021). The Prime Ministers of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have opened a modernized checkpoint “Korday – Ak Zhol”. Retrieved from https://www.primeminister.kz/ru/news/premer-ministry-kazahstana-i-kyrgyzstana-otkryli-modernizirovannyy-punkt-propuska-korday-ak-zhol-23131 . Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Ulukbek uulu, Yrysbek (2021). Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan have opened the largest border checkpoint. What has changed. Retrieved from https://rus.azattyk.org/a/31183632.html . Accessed on 9.03.2021.

Note: The views expressed in this blog are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the Institute’s editorial policy.

Albina Muratbekova

Senior research fellow.

Dr. Albina Muratbekova is a research fellow at the Eurasian Research Institute of Akhmet Yassawi Kazakh Turkish International University. Albina holds a PhD degree in Oriental Studies from Al Farabi Kazakh National University. During her studies, Albina received fellowships from institutions in China, India, the USA, the UK, Germany, and Switzerland. Her primary research interests cover Central, East, and South Asian affairs; intraregional and interregional cooperation of Central Asian states; China-India relations; and Central Asian politics.

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Flights to Oral (Uralsk) (URA)

Oral ak zhol airport - airport code: ura, non-stop flights to oral (uralsk) (ura).

Oral Ak Zhol Airport is a small airport in Kazakhstan. It is an international airport. In total there are 8 airports around the world that have direct flights to Oral (Uralsk), spread around 7 cities in 2 countries. Currently, there are 6 domestic flights to Oral (Uralsk).

Oral (Uralsk) is mainly known for sightseeing & culture.

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This month, there are 213 flights arriving at Oral (Uralsk) Airport, which are 49 flights per week or 7 flights per day.

The most frequently departed flights to Oral (Uralsk) are routes from Astana (NQZ) in Kazakhstan and Almaty (ALA), also in Kazakhstan. These two routes together are operated 160 times this month, and make up for 75% of all monthly arrivals at Oral Ak Zhol Airport.

The longest flight to Oral (Uralsk) URA is departing from Frankfurt (FRA). This non-stop flight takes around 6 hours and 35 minutes and covers a distance of 1,155 miles (1,858 km).

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Top 200 flights with a stopover

This list contains the 200 most popular airports from which flights depart that require just one stopover to get to Oral (Uralsk).

Airlines flying to Oral (Uralsk)

Currently, there are 3 airlines that fly to Oral (Uralsk). Most flights to Oral (Uralsk) are operated by Air Astana, as they connect 6 airports to URA. That’s around 6 times as much as Scat Air, the second biggest airline in terms of operated flight routes to Oral (Uralsk). Below you can find the list of airlines that operate all URA flights:

Business class flights to Oral (Uralsk)

There are 3 airports that have flights to Oral (Uralsk) in Business Class. All airports that offer business class flights to URA are listed below:

Intercontinental flights to Oral (Uralsk)

There are intercontinental flights to Oral Ak Zhol Airport (URA) from Europe, the Middle-East and Central Asia, as of April 2024.

* Please note that there are no direct services from the United States, Canada, Southern America, Central America, the Caribbean, Africa, Southern Asia, China, Japan, Eastern Asia, South-Eastern Asia or Oceania.

Non-stop flights from Europe to Oral (Uralsk)

Non-stop flights from the middle-east / western asia to oral (uralsk), non-stop flights from central asia to oral (uralsk), international flights to oral (uralsk), flights from germany to oral (uralsk).

Frankfurt is the only city in Germany with direct flights to Oral (Uralsk). From Frankfurt , direct flights are offered by Air Astana. This is a seasonal route that starts in April and ends in October.

Flights from Turkey to Oral (Uralsk)

In Turkey, the only airport that has a direct connection to Oral (Uralsk) is Antalya. From Antalya , direct flights are offered by Air Astana. This is a seasonal route that starts in May and ends in September.

Domestic flights to Oral (Uralsk)

Flights from kazakhstan to oral (uralsk).

There are several airports within Kazakhstan that have domestic flights to Oral (Uralsk) (6 in total).

From Aktau , Almaty and Astana , all direct flights to Oral (Uralsk) are operated by Air Astana. From Atyrau , the only airline with direct flights is Qazaq Air. This route is recently announced though, and not operational yet. It will start in April 2024. From Shymkent , direct flights are offered by Air Astana. This is a seasonal route that starts in June and ends in August. From Turkistan , you can fly non-stop to Oral (Uralsk) with Scat Air. This is a seasonal route that starts in April and ends in October.

Alternative airports near Oral (Uralsk)

Unfortunately, there are no alternative airports to Oral (Uralsk) (URA) within a range of 125 miles (200 km).

Frequently asked questions - FAQ

How many airports are there in oral (uralsk).

There is 1 airport in Oral (Uralsk): Oral Ak Zhol Airport (URA).

What is the best airport to fly into Oral (Uralsk)?

The most convenient airport to fly into Oral (Uralsk) is Oral Ak Zhol Airport (URA).

How many airlines fly to Oral (Uralsk)?

There are 3 airlines flying to Oral (Uralsk) from 8 airports around the world, as of April 2024.

Which airlines fly to Oral (Uralsk)?

Air Astana, Scat Air and Qazaq Air operate most flights to Oral (Uralsk). To get a full overview of all operating airlines, please use the airline filter.

Which alliances are flying to Oral (Uralsk)?

There are no alliances flying to Oral (Uralsk) at the moment.

How many nonstop flights are there to Oral (Uralsk)?

There are roughly 213 flights arriving at Oral (Uralsk) every month (or 49 flights each week), from a total of 8 airports worldwide.

What is the official name of Oral (Uralsk) Airport?

The official name of Oral (Uralsk) Airport is Oral Ak Zhol Airport.

What is the airport code of Oral (Uralsk) Airport?

The airport code of Oral (Uralsk) Airport is URA .

What are the most popular flights to Oral (Uralsk)?

Astana, Almaty and Aktau are the 3 most popular routes to Oral (Uralsk). For a complete overview of all flight routes to Oral (Uralsk), please use our flight map.

How long is the flight to Oral (Uralsk)?

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Ak-Zhol Baty TOO (Kazakhstan)

Ak-Zhol Baty TOO is a company based in Kazakhstan, with its head office in Ust-Kamenogorsk. The enterprise operates in the Tour Operators industry. It was established on September 28, 2015.

Headquarters ul. Potanina, 15/1, kv. 5 Ust-Kamenogorsk; East Kazakhstan region;

Contact Details: Purchase the Ak-Zhol Baty TOO report to view the information.

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