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The Philosophy of Time Travel: An 88 page journal for those of us trying to figure out the Primary & Tangent Universes Paperback – 2 Sept. 2019

Purchase options and add-ons, the philosophy of time travel - 88 page blank journal - a journal for those of us trying to figure out the primary & tangent universe.

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• Print length 88 pages
• Language English
• Publication date 2 Sept. 2019
• Dimensions 15.24 x 0.56 x 22.86 cm
• ISBN-10 169017417X
• ISBN-13 978-1690174172
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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Independently published (2 Sept. 2019)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 88 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 169017417X
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1690174172
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 15.24 x 0.56 x 22.86 cm
• 3,312 in Time Travel
• 45,554 in Travel & Tourism (Books)

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THE PHILOSOPHY OF TIME TRAVEL

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Movie Explanation

Firstly this explanation is written assuming that you've seen the film. There are spoilers throughout so it could ruin the enjoyable experience of watching it for the first time.

The film has been carefully made so that there are multiple explanations to what happens. With the release of the director's cut some of the ambiguity has been taken away and the director's true version of the story becomes clearer. The explanation heavily revolves around the book Donnie gets from his teacher, "The Philosophy of Time Travel" written by Roberta Sparrow (Grandma Death). The book is a fictional one but some of the pages were in the film's web site and included into the director's cut version of the movie. You can read those pages here .

PU = Primary Universe (The Universe we exist in now) TU = Tangent Universe (The parallel Universe that most of the film is set in) PoTT = Philosophy of Time Travel

Tangent Universe

The PoTT states that time is usually a stable construct but every now and then the fourth dimension gets corrupted. When this happens it creates a TU which is highly unstable and will only last a few weeks before it collapses in upon itself. There is a danger that when the TU collapses it could cause a black hole capable of destroying the PU as well.

This is what happens in the movie, there is a corruption in time and at midnight on October 2nd a TU is created. The next 28 days are now set in this alternate reality. Shortly after the TU starts Frank wakes Donnie up and lures him out of the house. A few minutes later a huge jet engine falls though the rip in time and lands in Donnie's bedroom.

It is important to remember that the TU is NOT created by the jet engine or Frank waking up Donnie. We are already within the TU when both those events occur. Unfortunately we never find out what caused the TU to begin, it's just an unexplained phenomenon.

The Artifact

According to the PoTT when a TU is created an Artifact will also spontaneously appear. The Artifact is the first sign of evidence that a TU has been created and are always made from metal. In this case the Artifact is a giant jet engine.

Where the Artifact originally comes from is never disclosed. It was most likely created as the TU was being formed. The TU is an exact copy of the PU with one of everything copied into it. During the copying process there was a glitch and two jet engines were formed. The second engine has nowhere to go as it already exists so it's just dumped where the TU began, over Donnie's house.

The Artifact makes the TU unstable; it can't handle having the anomaly of a duplicate object within it. In order for the TU to unravel without forming a black hole it must once again be an exact copy of the PU. By removing one of the duplicate jet engines it will balance out the Universe allowing the TU to collapse safely. The only way to remove the Artifact is to send it through a portal into the PU .

The Living Receiver

When a TU occurs with an Artifact then a Living Receiver is also chosen. This person is chosen seemingly at random and in this case Donnie is the chosen one. As Donnie was at the epicentre of the TU this is most likely why he was selected. The Living Receiver's mission is to guide the Artifact out of the TU .

This person is usually blessed with some supernatural powers during their time in the TU to help them with their quest. Some of these include increased strength, mind control, the ability to conjure fire and water and telekinesis.

• He uses strength to bury the axe into the school water pipe and solid bronze mascot.
• He uses fire to burn Jim Cunningham's house down
• He floods the school and constructs a time portal from water.
• He uses telekinesis to rip the jet engine off the plane to send it through the time portal.

Donnie is not aware of his responsibilities at first though and he doesn't even know he is within a TU . As his journey continues he slowly starts to realise what is going on and what he must do.

Manipulated Dead

Anyone connected to the Living Receiver who dies in the TU becomes Manipulated Dead. These people are very powerful and have the ability to move through time and talk to the Living Receiver through a Fourth Dimensional Construct. They also have some knowledge of the impending disaster and help guide the chosen one.

Frank is killed in the TU and therefore becomes one of the Manipulated Dead. He travels back in time and helps Donnie with his quest to return the Artifact. The first thing he must do is save Donnie by waking him up before he gets squashed by the jet engine. He is like a reverse ghost who appears before he was killed. Gretchen is also Manipulated Dead but she doesn't appear to Donnie in the same way as it might be to confusing for him.

Manipulated Living

All the people connected to the Living Receiver are the Manipulated Living and these people will subconsciously help guide the Living receiver. They will behave in the exact perfect way necessary to push Donnie toward his eventual destiny. Nearly every event in the film has a specific purpose designed to aid Donnie to save the Universe.

There is a driving force behind the Manipulated's behaviour... although we never find out what it is for sure. God is one of the most popular ideas mooted, the film does use religion at many points. The story uses lots of religious symbols and often points to the idea that you follow God's channel to decide your own fate. This guiding force is moving all the Manipulated characters around like pieces on a chessboard, making a sequence of events that will lead to Donnie's success. The Universe is in grave danger and this guiding force has stepped in to help save it.

The Ensurance Trap

The PoTT states that all the Manipulated are trying to lure the Living Receiver into a trap so has no choice but to send the Artifact out of the TU into the PU . The PoTT calls this the Ensurance Trap (old English) . This is effectively the role all the Manipulated play, they are trying to save themselves by guiding Donnie to complete his mission. If Donnie fails they die as well.

Frank tells Donnie to flood the school which in turn leads to Donnie walking Gretchen home and him then asking her to be his girlfriend. This event is not just coincidence; it's specifically put in place as part of the trap.

Gretchen plays a crucial role in the trap, remember Donnie only meets and falls in love with her within the TU . He is given someone to love then she dies. He's so upset at Frank for killing Gretchen he shoots him dead. This has now created Manipulated Dead Frank, the person guiding him to do these things. He must create Manipulated Dead Frank in order to be saved himself in the beginning.

The manipulated have now successfully set the trap. Donnie was saved from death and is now in a desperate situation. His girlfriend is dead and he's a killer on the run. He knows what his purpose is now and only has one way out even though it will ultimately end his own life. Sending the engine through a portal will erase the last 28 days from history and time will return to October 2nd... back to when Gretchen was still alive.

The End of the Film

At the end of the film we see a vortex appear over Donnie's house. It's the beginning of the TU collapse and is centred over where it began. Donnie is aware of what he must do now so he drives up the mountain for a better vantage point. The plane with the same jet engine has been manipulated to fly overhead at this exact time. Donnie rips the engine off using telekinesis, constructs a time portal from water and guides the engine through it.

We now see parts of the last 28 days rewinding as the TU starts to unravel. The TU has collapsed safely and the PU that was on pause starts back up from when it stopped. We are now back in reality on October 2nd, the last 28 days never happened. Donnie wakes up in his bed laughing after dreaming some of the events within the TU . He then goes back to sleep seemingly content with life now. The experience has seemingly brought him closer to God and he is no longer afraid to die. The jet engine Donnie sent through the time portal now falls into his bedroom killing him.

Even though the last 28 days never actually happened some of the Manipulated will be haunted in their dreams by their experiences within the TU .

There are bits of evidence to prove this. Frank touching his eye in the final montage and Gretchen waving to Donnie's mum proves that some of the characters have some knowledge of what happened within the lost world.

We see Jim Cunningham crying in the montage as he wakes up... clearly disgusted with himself. Ten days later he clears out his child pornography dungeon and shoots himself on the 14th hole of the golf course... his dirty secret is never revealed.

Final Remarks

Many people assume Donnie has to die otherwise the TU would start over again. From a scientific point of view Donnie's death is not relevant at all , the corruption is already fixed before he dies and if he got up and avoided death then nothing would change. The PoTT tells us of previous Receiver's who died after the Artifact was returned but we only hear about them because their death defies logic. Any Receiver's who escaped death would go completely unnoticed.

It's almost certain Roberta Sparrow was a Living Receiver in a previous TU and that is how she came to write the PoTT . She survived her experience proving that the Receiver doesn't always have to die.

This film does blend science and religion together so his death may emphasise him as a saviour and his belief in God. In death Donnie's role as the Living Receiver seems even greater than before.

Other common questions concern the Artifact Donnie sends through the portal at the end of the movie. Many people ask why the PU is not in danger now it has a duplicate object with it. It seems to be the case that the issue of duplicate objects is only a concern once the Universe they're within starts going through the collapsing process. The PU is a stable linear time-line that never goes through a collapsing process so is therefore never in any danger from duplicate objects.

As stated above the Arrtifact is not the cause of the TU , it's just a by-product of it. This is why there is no danger of another TU starting up once Donnie sends his Artifact through the portal at the end of the movie.

• You can read more about some of the contentious parts of the movie by clicking here
• You can compare with some of the alternative explanations by clicking here

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ISBN: B08WK2HFND

ISBN13: 9798708954305

The Philosophy of Time Travel: Philosophy, Ethics, and Method for Time Travel

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How Donnie Darko's Time Travel Works

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Greetings once again, fellow time travelers! No matter what corner of the continuum you come from, it’s nice to rejoin you all to talk about going from here to there in the then and now. Last week, we had one hell of a ride chronicling that very special corner of the MCU adjacent adventures of X-Men: Days of Future Pas t , and boy is my mind still recovering. My healing abilities aren’t as powerful as Wolverine’s, so it might be time to take things a little easy this week. Which is a good thing, as Donnie Darko ’s tragic time travel tale is just waiting, like a spectre in a stupid rabbit suit staring back in the mirror.

Before we take off for this 1988 parable of time travel and small town politics, I’d like to lay down the usual business. While our commitment to Sparkle Motion might be questionable at best, we here at CinemaBlend love to make our way through the rules and pitfalls that come with time travel. So if you’re curious what other adventures we’ve tackled in the field, head over to our time travel archives and bend your mind with some of our finest flings. With that out of the way, let’s head back to a time when Michael Dukakis was a household name, motivational speakers were on the rise, and Seth Rogen was a creepy ne’er-do-well; all thanks to writer/director Richard Kelly’s Donnie Darko .

The Time Travel in Donnie Darko

Growing up is never easy, but living in Middlesex, Virginia in 1988 sure doesn’t make things any better. Donnie Darko ( Jake Gyllenhaal ) is about to learn that the hard way, as he’s accidentally stumbled into a chain of events that will define his community. And it all centers around him, and a batch of unique powers he’s about to acquire.

Who's Time Traveling

It’s not who, but rather what is traveling through time, in the events of Donnie Darko , as a jet engine that dislodges from a plane during the last act travels through a portal that Donnie manipulates.

From When To When

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That jet engine is sent back in time 28 days, 06 hours, 42 minutes, and 12 seconds, from October 30th, 1988 to October 2nd, 1988.

The Purpose Of Its Trip

There is a lot of additional context and mythology built into Donnie Darko’s time travel methodology when digging into the content of the 2004 Director’s Cut . We don’t know it until the end, and by extension, the release of the Director’s Cut, but we’ve witnessed Donnie crossover into an unstable “tangent universe” that needs to be changed. Otherwise, a black hole will form that can wipe out the entire known universe, ending the world… in 28 days, 6 hours, 42 minutes, and 12 seconds.

How Time Travel Happens In Donnie Darko

Donnie Darko has two different levels of explanation when it comes to how time travel works in its world. The simpler version, presented in the theatrical cut, is that there’s an anomaly that allows the jet engine to drop from its place in time on October 30th, through a wormhole leading back to October 2nd. But there’s still a hint as to what Richard Kelly meant to do in his fully realized version of the film, as a scene between Donnie and his science teacher, Professor Kenneth Monnitoff (Noah Wyle), hints at the origins of said anomaly as follows:

A wormhole with an Einstein-Rosen Bridge. Which is, theoretically, a wormhole in space, controlled by man.

In Donnie Darko ’s theatrical cut, it all feels like it was destined to happen, almost as if it was a singular time loop that saw Donnie peer into the future, before choosing to sacrifice himself for the sake of Gretchen Ross ( Jena Malone .) His girlfriend in the tangent universe, Gretchen unfortunately dies in an accident where she’s run over by a car, driven by Frank (James Duval), the man in the bunny suit who’s been nudging Donnie along the path of discovering the time manipulation at work. However, the Director’s Cut mythology lays this out a little clearer.

Through The Philosophy of Time Travel , the book written by enigmatic recluse/”Grandma Death” Roberta Sparrow (Patience Cleveland), a complex mythology is unraveled that details how Donnie was destined to die. Again, the version of Donnie Darko we see is technically from an alternate “primary” universe. In this version of the world, Donnie is imbued with powers that help him do what must be done in order to save the universe.

Can History Be Changed As A Result Of Time Travel In Donnie Darko?

History can definitely be changed in Donnie Darko , and that’s the entire point of the powers that have been given to Donnie. As he exists in this tangent universe, Mr. Darko is given special powers, which include abilities that let him see the future, as well as grant him telekinetic powers. All of which allow him to realize that he has to die, in order to ensure the primary universe doesn’t come to harm.

We watch the tangent version of events unfold in real time, from the night that Donnie is supposed to die (October 2nd) through to the day the world is supposed to end (October 30th.) So what we’re seeing is another classic example of overwriting the alternate chain of events , which in turn makes Donnie Darko feel like one big time loop between those two dates. The connecting force being the Einstein-Rosen Bridge wormhole that allows the jet engine to crash into Donnie’s bedroom; which presumably drops into his bedroom thanks to his telekinetic powers dislodging the engine in the first place.

What Are The Consequences Of Time Travel In Donnie Darko?

From what we see at the end of Donnie Darko , the main consequence of this time travel exercise is that Donnie’s death is predetermined. Were he to survive the event, Darko would not only cause a bunch of mischief at the urging of Frank, he’d eventually lose Gretchen to the fatal accident that sees her run over by a random Trans Am. By changing his fate, Donnie puts the world back on its proper course. Though the tangent universe version of events isn’t merely known to Donnie, who laughs as he’s about to meet his doom.

A montage showing various figures he’d interacted with throughout his tangent adventure , such as Professor Monnitoff, religious zealot/teacher Kitty Farmer (Beth Grant,) and motivational speaker/secret pedophile Jim Cunningham ( Patrick Swayze ), indicates that the moment Donnie dies, it’s felt by prominent figures in that other timeline. Even Frank is seen, without the injuries sustained by Donnie’s murder in the tangent universe, touching the part of his face that would have been shot.

While Donnie Darko saves his universe from a timeline of chaos and unraveled secrets, those events are still felt in some way. In the best example, we see Gretchen wave at Donnie’s mother, Rose (Mary McDonnell), the morning after the jet engine crashes. The two share an unspoken sense of familiarity, despite never having met, and it ends the film on a bittersweet, yet abrupt, note.

It’s A Very Very Mad World

Donnie Darko’s time travel isn’t very complicated, even when you take into account the Director’s Cut mythology that’s layered on top of it. Donnie sacrifices himself to save the world, and for the most part, no one remembers the reasons why. It’s not the happiest story we’ve covered in our time travel exercises, but it’s still a vital one that carries quite a bit of pop culture relevance. Though I can promise you, our next adventure will be a lot more of a blockbuster.

Before we reveal the next lesson in our series of temporal studies, I’d like to remind you all that you should feel free to email us with any other time travel adventures you’d like to see highlighted. We’re always on the lookout for a new and exciting story that lets us examine just how it happens, and why it’s so spectacular to behold. Which is something that our next examination into here and there in the then and now will cover quite greatly.

From the world of late author Michael Crichton, a master of technothriller suspense and excitement, comes a time travel tale that skirts the boundaries of what exactly constitutes as “time travel.” Brush up on your french, and make sure to keep your markers where you can find them, as Timeline makes its way into the CinemaBlend labs for our next dissection! And if you want to see the movie for yourself, it’s currently available on HBO Max for your streaming pleasure. If you’re not a subscriber already, you can sign up for a 7-day free trial today , and see what the fuss is all about. Until our paths cross again, we’ll see you next time, in the same place!

Mike Reyes is the Senior Movie Contributor at CinemaBlend, though that title’s more of a guideline really. Passionate about entertainment since grade school, the movies have always held a special place in his life, which explains his current occupation. Mike graduated from Drew University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science, but swore off of running for public office a long time ago. Mike's expertise ranges from James Bond to everything Alita, making for a brilliantly eclectic resume. He fights for the user.

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The Philosophy of Time Travel by Roberta Sparrow: Lined Notebooks 110 Pages 6 X 9 Gift Idea 9 Gift Idea Hardcover – September 17, 2021

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• ASIN ‏ : ‎ B09GJKMQPZ
• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Independently published (September 17, 2021)
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