pano travelling

AIRPANO TRAVEL BOOK Explore the world's best 360° aerial panoramas

AirPano Travel Book is a collection of unique spherical photo panoramas of the most amazing places in the world shot from a bird’s eye view. AirPano Travel Book takes you on exciting journey with a real-life presence at a photographic location. Unlike conventional photographs, spherical 360° photo panoramas allow viewers to rotate an image, change the field of view, and zoom in on a particular detail. You will see the most beautiful cities of the world, historical locations, beaches, night landscapes, witness volcanic eruptions, amazing lakes, mountaintops, and waterfalls.

ABSOLUTELY AMAZING. I TEACH WORLD HISTORY AND YOUR SITE IS A MARVEL. BEING ABLE TO SHOW SO MANY SIGNIFICANT PLACES IN A NEW WAY TO MY STUDENTS, FANTASTIC. I USED THE MACHU PICCHU SITE TODAY AND THEY WERE IN AWE, FAR BETTER THAN ANY TRADITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS COULD ACCOMPLISH.

Chris wilbur, usa, thank you airpano for the great great pictures and vistas you are doing an amazing job here thanks for letting me visit the places i've been to and the ones that i'll for sure visit someday keep up the great work, ana ferrara, argentina, thanks to you guys, millions around the world enjoy your spectacular photography. let me tell you, you are doing a great service to humanity, alkis cocolakis, canada, i love travelling but i'm too young to travel on my own. this site is like travelling for me, i'm always looking forward to see new panoramas. the pictures are beautiful, really great now i want to travel even more ;) thank you so much, liam wouters, belgium.

AirPano Travel Book 4+

360° inspiration & meditation, concept360 gmbh, designed for ipad.

• 3.9 • 106 Ratings
• Offers In-App Purchases

Screenshots

Description.

*** TOP1 Travel app in 100+ countries *** *** Best of the Year on the App Store *** AirPano – #1 app for travel inspiration! Get ready for the amazing virtual travel experience! Explore the world’s best 360º aerial panoramas. 
 AirPano Travel Book is a collection of unique spherical photo panoramas of the most amazing places in the world with a bird’s eye view. AirPano takes you on an exciting journey with a real-life presence at a photographic location. The aerial panorama technology allows viewers to soar in the sky above Niagara Falls, the famous Taj Mahal, nightlife in Las Vegas, and the fantastic beaches of Dominican Republic. Unlike conventional photographs, spherical 360° photo panoramas allow viewers to rotate an image, change the field of view, and zoom in on a particular detail. See the most beautiful cities of the world, historical locations, beaches, night landscapes, witness volcanic eruptions, amazing lakes, mountaintops, and waterfalls. More places to come! – "An Aerial View of Manhattan That Will Blow Your Mind" Gizmodo "Take an Incredible Bird's-Eye Tour" Mashable "Awesome 3D Virtual Tours" CNN "Hier dürfen Sie von oben herab schauen" Bild "Stunning aerial panoramic photographs from around the world" The Telegraph – Subscription Policy AirPano Travel Book provides a subscription service that allows our members to access the additional content AirPano Gold (200+ new panoramas). If you choose to purchase AirPano Gold Subscription, your account will be charged at confirmation of purchase. The account will be charged for renewal within 24-hours prior to the end of the current period, for the same price. You can turn off auto-renewal at any time from your iTunes account settings. If you do not choose to purchase the subscription, you can simply continue using available content for free. Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, Subscription Policy: http://www.airpano.com/policy.pdf – Developed by Doubble. Please don't hesitate to contact us with any questions and offers: [email protected]

Version 5.1

New dose of inspiration!

Ratings and Reviews

106 Ratings

Great Layout

I like this app's layout. It makes it more interesting than if the app was just a collection of scrollable pictures (epic pictures). With that said, it'd be nice if you could do more interactive things with the pictures themselves (maybe show on a map the location of these places compared to your location, population and other demographic information, some random and interesting facts about each place). It's definitely a great app though and worth every penny (very affordable by the way).

request refund

I’ve accidentally hit the annual payment button few minutes ago. Please cancle my purchase. T-T

Update adding obtrusive ads for paid content subscription is unwelcome

I’m very angry that this app I’d paid $10 for later decided to add in-app ads on every page for a subscription upsell. I used to be able to let my young child use and explore this app, but now every page has multiple risks of them clicking on a monthly billing charge. In a cash grab after-the-fact, the publisher has made this app suddenly useless to me. I’d genuinely like my money back.

App Privacy

The developer, CONCEPT360 GmbH , has not provided details about its privacy practices and handling of data to Apple. For more information, see the developer’s privacy policy .

No Details Provided

The developer will be required to provide privacy details when they submit their next app update.

Information

English, Arabic, Catalan, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese

• AirPano Gold $19.99
• AirPano Gold (Monthly) $3.99
• AirPano Gold (annual) $39.99
• Developer Website
• App Support
• Privacy Policy

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The standard in 360° virtual tour software

Featured by...

Create And Display Virtual Tours In 360º and VR

CloudPano 360° virtual tour software empowers you to create 360° virtual tours. With a few clicks, you can upload, connect, and publish a 360° immersive experience and host a 360º video chat call. No coding required. Get started today, its free. Sign Up Now.

How CloudPano Works

Create a 360° virtual tour with our easy three-step process.

Use any 360º camera, video or the CloudPano mobile app

Upload to CloudPano.com and create your tour

Share your tour with the world

Featured By Brands In Every Industry

Getting Started

What is a 360º virtual tour.

A 360º virtual tour on CloudPano is a marketing and sales tool to view and share a space in an immersive 360º environment. With a smartphone, the CloudPano viewer responds to your movement. This creates a responsive and immersive view of the property or interior space. Create your first 360º virtual tour in 5 minutes or less.

Add or Embed 360º Virtual Tours on any Website

(no app or plugin required).

When you publish a 360º virtual tour on CloudPano.com, you will automatically receive a code based link. You can embed your tour right onto your website. We host the tour, you show it off to the world.

Check out a live example

Cloudpano 360º virtual tour examples.

Explore some of our featured 360º tours from the CloudPano community

Florida Luxury 360º Virtual Tour Click to view this demo

New York VR Nursing Home Click to view this demo

Auto Dealership Click to view this demo

Luxury Residential Click to view this demo

AirBnB Rental Click to view this demo

Commercial Construction Click to view this demo

Enterprise Level Integrations

Boosted listing exposure with our exclusive 3rd party integration network

Your CloudPano 360º tours automatically integrate with realtor.com, Zillow, Apartments.com, Zumper, Hotpads, Trulia, Dealer.com and more!

If you are marketing real estate, you can embed your 360º tours on 3rd party listings and your website.

The CloudPano team is constantly innovating with industry leaders.

Simple 3D Tour Creation

Create your first tour in under five minutes.

Upload photos using a drag-and-drop interface. Click a single button to set an initial view for each scene. Add hotspots to navigate your tour.

Popular Features

Customize your logo

Set initial view

Re-order scenes

Share In Full 360º and VR

Share and display on any smart device out of the box.

Give meaningful experiences to your viewers. Built-in motion sensing capabilities and VR-goggle modes work right in the mobile browser. Reach your customer on any platform. Simply share your virtual tour with a single URL link.

Android/iOS

Google Cardboard

No app to download

VR/Motion Navigation

Customize Your Tour Branding

Add logos, embedded media, google analytics, and more.

Use linked hotspots to teleport between scenes. Add your logo and establish your brand. Embed video, raw HTML, chat bots - anything.

Customize Your Logo

Contact Information

Share on social media

Keep Your Custom URL

White-label your virtual tour

Use your own website domain.

Remove all references of CloudPano.com. Use your own logo and keep your website domain. Easily use your own URL. Add 360º virtual tours into your business and keep our name hidden.

Customize Your URL

Remove CloudPano Branding

Create Google Street View Virtual Tours

Business owners can upload 360º photos directly to Google Street View and keep their Google My Business listing up-to-date. When you create a Google Street View virtual tour on CloudPano, you integrate your 360º virtual tour with Google Maps. ‍ Boost local SEO and create a walkthrough experience inside your Google Maps and Google My Business listing.

Live 360º Video Chat

Our market-leading 360º video chat lets you hop into a 360º sales environment with one click. Share your screen and guide your participants through the CloudPano virtual tour. Quickly turn a 360º virtual tour prospect into an active and engaged lead thats ready to buy now .

No app download required

Up to 4 participants per call

Join from any device

No complicated set up

With one click jump into a video call and start closing in 360º.

3D Dollhouse Floor Plans

Add immersive 3D dollhouse floor plans to your virtual tours. With a few clicksyou can create and customize 3D floor plans that connect and engage inside yourvirtual tour experience. If you are looking for 3D floor plan software, CloudPano is the perfectvirtual tour solution.

Add 3D floor plans to your virtual tours

Connect hotspots to 360º photos

Add 2D black and white or color floor plans

Order floor plans done for you!

CloudPano is the only 3D floor plan and dollhouse software you need.

The Perfect Software Toolkit For Virtual Tour Entrepreneurs

Start a local 360º virtual tour business, add virtual reality marketing to current business.

A Robust Software Solution To Power Your Virtual Tour Revenue

Private Label / White Label - Keep Your Website Domain Name and Protect Your Brand

Add or Embed Your Published 360º Virtual Tours Directly To Your Website or Blog (Wordpress Compatible)

Present Your 360º Tours In A Virtual Reality Headset

International Hosting On Local Server Networks (Speed Guaranteed)

CloudPano.com is a Virtual Tour Software built for entrepreneurs, photographers and real estate agents, brokers, car dealers, RV dealers, manufacturers and sales teams. You will be empowered to create world class 360º/VR virtual tours quickly, market at a high level AND keep your brand on the front of tour. If you are looking for a 360º virtual tour software built for the business owner - you are in the right place.

Simple Pricing

• Three Published Projects Unlimited projects - swap published projects as needed
• Unlimited scenes and photos per project
• Scene Types Like 360 Photos, Spins, 360 Video, 2D Images, 2D Video
• Add Hot Spots and Embed Media Share, embed, and display projects anywhere
• Unlimited Published Projects
• Whitelabel / Bring your own URL
• Team Collaboration
• Tour Privacy Settings
• CloudPano Live in-tour Video Chat
• Create Floor Plans and Dollhouse Tours
• Google Street View Virtual Tours
• Custom Design Request and Functionality
• 3rd Party Integrations and Workflows
• Automotive Spin App Access
• 10 User Team Accounts
• On Location Photography Services
• Great for special projects and teams

Try the app and start building for free

User testimonials.

"The technology is pretty amazing and the finished 3D tour is high definition. The tours played well on everything from a desktop to a cellphone. Highly recommended."

Donald Pierce

“ It's marketing like that this that makes you stick out amongst your competition ... and ultimately this moves property at a high level."

Carmello Pronesti

“ This technology changes the game. My customers are very excited about it. And I know when my customers are excited about it, I am going to make some more money . ”

Mark Mckinney

"360 tours are an easy way to upsell my clients on location. Plus, it only takes a few minutes to create a virtual tour on CloudPano.com."

Brian Berkowitz

“ CloudPano has a crisp and clean design . Plus the platform hosts the 360 virtual tours for me, so I can create tours quickly and get back to shooting."

Tony Thagard

I appreciate your team helping me out along the way and answering all questions that I have had so far. I am excited to continue to grow my business with the help of you and your team."

Common Questions

We are passionate about changing the world through software. Call us or email us anytime.

1301 Fannin St #2440 Houston, TX 77002

+1 281-801-9119

Email us at

[email protected]

© CloudPano.com

The Best 360 Tours Software for Beginners: ThingLink’s New Pano to 360

In the wake of the deprecation of Google StreetView Camera App, virtual tour creators everywhere have been looking for a user-friendly, high-quality and accessible virtual tour software solution that allows them to create 360 images without expensive equipment.

Happily, the launch of Pano to 360 by ThingLink makes interactive virtual tour creation quick and easy! With this new tool, panoramic images taken with any mobile phone can be easily converted to 360-degree panoramas, otherwise known as photospheres.

With Pano to 360, you don’t require multiple shots or images to be stitched together. And most importantly, you don’t need any experience with graphic design, photography or image software! Instead, AI does the hard work for you, creating high quality 360 images that can be used to create stunning and immersive virtual tours that can be shared anywhere!

Try Pano to 360 for yourself!

Why not try the new tool today? See just how easy it is to convert your panoramas!

The alternative to Google Street View is here

ThingLink has been helping creators worldwide to produce, edit, and share their interactive content since 2011. Their newest development, Pano to 360, has been launched as an easy-to-use alternative to the Google Street View Camera App. Pano to 360 provides a free solution for transforming panoramic images into 360 photospheres. Compatible with all camera-equipped mobile devices, Pano to 360 is accessible for all users.

The easiest way to capture 360 images

Pano to 360 by ThingLink makes creating 360-degree photospheres easy for everyone. Instead of stitching together multiple images, a single panoramic shot is all you require for Pano to 360 to create a high quality 360 image for you in seconds.

How to create a 360 photosphere – a walkthrough

Follow these simple steps to create a 360 image in minutes!

• Capture your Panorama: Take a panoramic image with your mobile device. Pano to 360 works with any mobile device that includes a camera, including iphones and all android devices.
• Upload Image: Upload your photo to the Pano to 360 Converter in ThingLink. Use the Converter or upload directly in to ThingLink Guided Tours.
• Converted to 360 Photosphere: Your panoramic image will then be converted into an immersive 360 photosphere. You can then download if using the Pano to 360 by ThingLink web page.
• Edit and Share: Add interactive hotspots to your scenes to create guided tours, virtual trips, escape rooms, breakouts or learning materials. The super simple drag and drop functionality of ThingLink means that it is the fastest way to create professional virtual tours and other interactive media. Add audio, floorplans, 3D models, embeds and more! Then share it across your website, landing page, social media, or even in virtual reality mode for viewing on a VR headset for a fully immersive experience!

Who is the Pano to 360 solution designed for?

Anyone who is interested in VR tour creation as an educational solution, publishing or marketing tool can use the new ThingLink feature. It is particularly useful for real estate agents and other real estate industry business owners who want to provide virtual tours for potential buyers whilst avoiding the prohibitive costs associated with solutions such as Matterport.

The benefits of Pano to 360

• Simplicity: No need for multiple shots or stitching individual images together. A single panoramic photo is all you need.
• Quality: The quality of your original image is retained in the 360 photosphere that is created.
• Interactivity: As with all ThingLink content, you can then add tags to your 360 images to create a truly immersive and interactive experience.
• Free and Accessible: Previously, to create a 360 image, creators required dedicated 360 cameras such as the Insta360 or Ricoh Theta. Pano to 360 is free to use and accessible across any device.

We believe we have created the best virtual tour software for anyone who is looking for ease of use, in a cloud-based virtual tour platform Whether you are an educator, marketer, real estate professional, or are creating 360 images and tours for your own personal use, Pano to 360 is so simple to learn and use and delivers the best solution for creating 360 images with any device, anywhere!

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How Panorama Mode Can Help You Shoot Better Travel Photos

Travel photography is quite tricky, but using panorama mode on your smartphone can help you get things right.

Panorama mode has slowly gained popularity and now exists in just about every phone. You'd be surprised to find the striking difference it makes to your photographs, especially when you're traveling and want a shot of yourself with the fantastic views behind you.

Want to find out how to use it? Read on to see how panorama mode can help you take the best travel photos.

How Does Panorama Mode Help You Take Better Travel Photos?

Panorama mode has several benefits for helping you take better travel photos . Below are three of the main advantages.

1. Wide Landscape Photos

May it be a mountain range or a large river, stitching multiple images together will allow you to capture the entirety of the landscape instead of a small part. If you don't have a wide-angle camera lens, panorama mode on your smartphone is a possible alternative.

2. You Can Take Better Group Photos

Too many people that can't fit into a frame? Use panorama mode to bring in all the people along with the amazing views behind too. If you're traveling with a large group of people, or you've met lots of new friends at a hostel you're staying in, this is an excellent choice.

3. Capture Interesting Architecture

If you're visiting a city with lots of tall buildings, you might find that normal photography modes on your smartphone don't let you capture the entire structure. Using panorama mode will help you take a photo from top to bottom if you find a building too small.

How to Take Photos With Panorama Mode

Ever wonder how such a wide-angled photo is created? When you take a photo with panorama mode, your phone takes multiple photos from a focal point and then seamlessly stitches them together to make one large picture.

Here's how you can take a photo with panorama mode:

• Open Panorama mode on your phone.
• If you want to take a horizontally-wide photo, place your phone in portrait orientation and point it towards your starting point. Most phones have an arrow to guide you, while the iPhone even has a line to make sure your hand remains as steady as possible.
• Tap on the shutter and start moving your phone in the direction of your photo. Try to move in a straight line.
• Once you reach the endpoint, tap on the shutter again to finish your photo.

Follow the same steps for a vertical panorama, but place your phone in a horizontal direction instead. Along with panorama mode, there are several tips to make your photos look cinematic .

A Panorama Photo Checklist You Should Follow

It may be a little tricky to get your panoramas perfect right at the beginning, but it's nothing practice can't improve. Here are some tips that may come in handy to help you along the way:

• Begin with a test shot to get a blueprint of your perfect travel photo.
• Move your phone at a medium pace. Too slow or too fast will result in blurred, imperfect images.
• Do not deviate from the line (if your phone has one)
• Make sure there is no movement in your shot, or your photo will turn out blurry.
• Keep your phone perfectly parallel with your subject.

If you happen to encounter mist or fog on your travels, use these tips to take great photos .

Panorama Mode: A Gem for Travelers

A steady hand and a bit of practice are all you need to get the most fantastic travel photos. Whether it's a scenic view or a large group photo, panorama mode will make your photo capture a wide angle that leaves no one out.

Apart from the panorama on your phone, there are great tools out there that let you create your own panorama using multiple photos.

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18 things to know before traveling to Panama

Dec 20, 2023 • 7 min read

We've got the lowdown on everything you need to know before visiting Panama © Westend61 / Getty Images

If you're looking for idyllic islands, rolling surf, untamed nature and showstopping wildlife,  Panama  is an ideal destination. It sits at the crossroads of the Americas, connecting two oceans, and beyond its cosmopolitan capital and legendary canal , Panama is a biodiversity hotspot. Did you also know it produces some of the world's  finest – and most expensive – coffee?

Here is the top things to know before you go to Panama.

1. Book ahead if you want to join a fiesta

Panamanians love to party, and barely a week goes by without a fiesta, from La Feria de las Flores y del Café in Boquete to the countrywide Carnaval, whose largest and loudest celebrations are in Las Tablas on the Península de Azuero .

There’s also Easter, Christmas and New Year’s. November’s numerous independence-related festivals see shops and offices closed and locals flocking to the beach. Hotel prices often double around public holidays and can be booked out weeks in advance.

2. Pack for the season: dry or wet

The country’s tropical climate means two seasons – hot and dry from December to April and hot and wet the rest of the year. Although the amount of rain depends on what coast you’re on, downpours usually come in short, sharp afternoon bursts before the sun forces you to put your Panama hat back on.

Pack high-factor sunscreen and hot-weather clothes, but carry something for the icy air-conditioning and high altitudes. Pack sturdy boots if you’re planning any hardcore hikes.

3. Carry the right amount of currency

The Panamanian Balboa may be the country’s official currency, but the bills in use are US dollars. Prices are listed in $ or B/, but both currencies have the same value.

Carry small bills for tipping, markets and rural areas, and enough cash in case the ATM doesn’t work (or there are no ATMs at all like in the Archipiélago de San Blas of the Comarca de Guna Yala ). 

4. You can’t reach Colombia by road

If you’re thinking of road-tripping south to Colombia , think again. The infamous Darién Gap – the land link between Central and South America – is a mash-up of impenetrable jungle, primordial swamps, poisonous snakes and dubious characters, and there’s no road crossing.  

But if you plan to head north to Costa Rica and beyond, several long-distance bus lines, such as Tica Bus, cover Central America.

5. Know a few keys phrases (and what not to say)

English is widely spoken, especially in Panama City and Boquete, but mastering a few basic Spanish phrases will endear you to the locals and help if you travel away from the tourist hotspots.

Panama may be laid back, but it’s important to be polite. Always greet people – buenas is a catch-all term for hello – and don’t forget to say please ( por favor ) and thank you ( gracias ). Listen out for one-of-a-kind Panamanian phrases, such as que sopa? (what’s up?), buco (a lot), and pinta fria (cold beer).

It's best to avoid subjects involving politics, religion, the Panama Canal and the Panama Papers out of respect to Panamanian residents.   

6. Learn to be more tranquil

Panama moves at a relaxed pace, including in the city, so don’t expect lightning-fast responses to requests. As in most of Central America, punctuality is a loose concept, and service in restaurants can be leisurely – meals are meant to be enjoyed and can stretch over several hours – so it's wise to adjust to the gentle flow of life here. Slow down and relax when you arrive in Panama.

7. The capital has its own dress code

Panamanians dress casually as a rule but tend to be a bit formal in the capital. You don’t have to wear suits or high heels, but the faded T-shirts, short shorts and flip-flops that were fine in Bocas del Toro will look out of place in the city. Also: shirtless men are an absolute no-no.

8. Confirm the fare before taking a cab

Panama’s yellow licensed taxis can be a wallet-friendly way to get around but don’t forget to negotiate a fare before you set off. Taxis aren’t metered, official rates are usually ignored, and tourists are typically overcharged. Ask a local for an idea of a taxi fare cost in advance.

Uber and Lyft are also available in Panama City (although drivers are often willing to go cross-country), along with UberEnglish for non-Spanish speakers and UberAssist for people with mobility issues. 

9. When should you tip, and how much?

Tips aren’t compulsory, but they are welcome. In pricier restaurants, if it’s not already been added onto your bill, leave a 10% gratuity. Taxi drivers don’t expect a tip, but you can round up a fare, and if someone helps you with your luggage, give them around $1 to $2.

10. Respect smoke-free zones

Smoking is prohibited in all indoor public spaces, hotel rooms, workplaces, public transport, outdoor dining spaces and sports venues. You can face a fine if you’re caught smoking in a non-designated area. The same goes for vaping. It’s illegal to import and sell e-cigarettes.

11. Bring repellent to avoid mosquito bites 

Not only are mosquito bites itchy, but they can also spread diseases such as dengue fever, so use a heavyweight bug spray, especially if you’re heading to the jungle.

12. Can I drink the water?

With a combo of heat and humidity, it’s important to keep hydrated, particularly if you plan to get active. Tap water is normally safe to drink, especially in cities, but if you’re going off the beaten track, avoid plastic pollution and invest in a water-filter bottle, which you can fill up from any water source.

13. Stay safe in the city

Panama is one of the safest countries in Central America, but it always pays to take a few precautions. Pickpocketing is common in crowded areas of Panama City, including bus stations, markets and shopping areas, so keep your valuables safe.

As in any big city, steer clear of poorly lit streets or wandering around new neighborhoods alone after dark. Avoid carrying all your credit cards at once – or wads of cash – and if you need an ATM, try to use one inside a bank during the day.

Report a crime by dialing 511 9260 (the Tourist Police in Panama City) or 104 (National Police), and keep the number of your embassy handy.

14. In case of a medical emergency

If you need emergency medical assistance, dial 911 for an ambulance. Panama City has good hospitals and clinics, but facilities are more limited outside the capital.

Make sure you have adequate travel insurance and read the fine print before you depart.

15. Keep an eye on the weather  

Before you take the plunge on Panama’s two coastlines, check for strong currents or riptides. Inland, heavy rains can cause flash flooding and landslides – October and November are usually the wettest months – so check the weather forecast and follow local advice before hitting the hiking trails, especially if you're going without a local guide.

16. Be wary when interacting with wildlife

While the risk is low, keep your eye out for venomous snakes, such as the fearsome fer-de-lance, while trekking along jungle trails, and avoid swimming in rivers unless you know they’re crocodile-free.

17. Always carry a copy of your ID

Foreign visitors are asked to carry their passports at all times, and the police sometimes check, but it’s safer to carry a photocopy or photo of the opening pages and entry stamp and leave the real thing somewhere secure.

18. Steer clear of drugs

Panama takes its drug laws very seriously. Getting caught with a small amount of illegal drugs, or even being with someone who is using drugs or has them in their possession, is grounds for arrest and can lead to a heavy fine or a harsh prison sentence.

This article was first published May 2022 and updated December 2023

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Les mouvements de caméra : panoramique, travelling et plan-séquence

Lorsqu’on procède au tournage d’un plan, la caméra peut rester immobile, pour donner un plan fixe, ou se déplacer, dans une direction ou une autre, pour créer un plan en mouvement. Cette seconde possibilité donne lieu à un mouvement de caméra. La caméra peut donc créer son propre espace par l'intermédiaire de ce e l'on appelle « le mouvement d'appareil» ou « mouvement de caméra ».  Ce mouvement d'appareil peut être délibérément nul : on obtient alors un plan fixe.

I- LE PLAN FIXE

Aux débuts du cinéma, dans les films de fiction, la caméra occupait La place d'un spectateur de théâtre aux premiers rangs d'orchestre, et se contentait d'enregistrer Sa scène ; c'est le cas dans Le duel d'Hamlet (1900) et dans de nombreux courts-métrages de Charlie Chaplin. C'est aussi la technique que l'on a utilisée pour « mettre dans la boîte » La cantatrice chauve ou La Leçon d'Eugène Ionesco, dans la mise en scène théâtrale du théâtre de la Huchette.

C'est une tentative que l'on retrouvera aussi dans un cinéma « moderniste », tentative d'ailleurs non-masquée : on est bien dans un théâtre et on filme une pièce de théâtre ou quelque chose qui s'en rapproche. Ainsi dans The Brig (1964), de J. Mekas, et surtout dans Ludwig, Requiem pour un roi vierge, de H.-J. Syberberg (1972).

Recherches et essais sur le plan fixe

Études de films : Observez des films courants, et déterminez à quel moment on utilisera le plan fixe. Étudiez le rôle qu’il peut jouer dans le dialogue : quel sera dans ces deux cas la « position » des comédiens ?

Recherche :

Quelles sont les différentes possibilités de filmer deux personnes qui parlent ?

Que se passe-t-il lors d'un entretien télévisé ? A-t-on utilisé cette technique dans les films de fiction ? Donnez des exemples.

Étude de terminologie : Définissez : « champ », « champ-contrechamp », voix « off », espace « off ».

II- LE MOUVEMENT PANORAMIQUE :

Un panoramique est un mouvement ou la caméra n’effectue aucun déplacement mais seulement une rotation sur elle-même autour d’un axe fixe. La caméra étant fixe sur son pivot,  elle peut balayer le champ autour d’elle verticalement ou horizontalement. Ces deux mouvements peuvent être combinés.

  III- LE MOUVEMENT DE GRUE

Il est relativement rare en 1973 : Pour quelles raisons ? Voir à ce propos le commentaire final de 1 Truffaut dans La Nuit américaine (1973).

Le mouvement de grue au cinéma est un dispositif de portage qui permet à la caméra d’effectuer des prises de vue selon un mouvement d’élévation ou de descente. Les metteurs en scène l’utilisent généralement pour :

• filmer à partir d’une hauteur (c’est le cas de « la plongée) sans être obligé de chercher une hauteur naturelle ou monter sur le toit d’un immeuble ;
• Effectuer un mouvement typique de la caméra, qui consiste soit à une montée progressive du niveau du sol jusqu’ au plus haut point de la grue, soit à un mouvement inverse de descente.
• Ce dispositif cinématographique (la grue) peut servir également à réaliser des travellings en surplombant la scène quand un obstacle au sol empêche l’utilisation d’un chariot.     

IV- LE TRAVELLING

Le travelling  est un « mouvement de l'appareil placé sur un chariot » (G. Sadoul). On distingue plusieurs sortes de travelling :

• travelling avant
• travelling arrière
• travelling latéral
• travelling subjectif :

Le champ se trouve alors réduit à la vision unique d'un personnage qui se déplace ; on trouve ce type de travelling de façon fragmentaire chez Hitchcock (Psychose, 1961, Les Oiseaux, 1963). On le trouve plus rarement de façon intégrale : la caméra est mise à la place du person-nage (J. Kawalerowicz : Mère Jeanne des Anges, 1961 ; R. Montgomery : La Dame du lac, 1946).

• Le travelling optique ou « zoom »

SUR LE TRAVELLING : TEXTES

V- l e plan-séquence.

Il peut arriver que le plan, loin d'être la plus petite unité composant une séquence, occupe une séquence toute entière, en accumulant tous les mouvements d'appareils possibles. On parlera alors de « plan- séquence ».

  Recherches et essais sur le plan séquence :

Étude de film : Commentez le plan-séquence du début de Dies Irae (Dreyer) (1943) et celui du début de La Soif du Mal (Welles) (1975

Exposé : Que se passe-t-H quand tout un film est composé de plans-séquences ? ( Gertrud de Dreyer, 1964, Rouges et blancs , 1968, et Sirocco d’hiver de M. Jancso, 1970.

Document : Il se peut que le film tout entier soit composé d'un seul plan (qui est un plan-séquence). Les raccords se font aux changements de bobines, en général en cadrant un personnage de dos : il masque alors l'objectif, donc l'écran. C'est le cas dans  Rope (« La corde ») d'A. Hitchcock, 1948.

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Recognizing & Treating Panosteitis in Dogs and Puppies (Your Options)

Most people have heard about growing pains in children, but they may not be aware of growing pains in dogs.

If you have a young dog that is showing signs of lameness that switches from leg to leg, your canine friend may be dealing with puppy growing pains, also known as panosteitis or hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD).

To better help your pup navigate the growth process, you will want to understand panosteitis in dogs, the symptoms of pano in dogs, diagnosis of the disease, treatment options, and possible prevention of the disease.

What is Panosteitis?

Panosteitis in dogs is a disease of the bones in which there is excess growth and restructuring of the bone. It usually occurs in the limbs and results in elongation of the bones and accompanying pain.

Most cases of pano in dogs occurs in larger breed dogs such as German Shepherds, Retrievers, and Rottweilers between the ages of 4 and 18 months, so it is often referred to as puppy growing pains.

Other common dog breeds that experience pano include Great Danes, Doberman Pinschers and Basset Hounds. The cause of panosteitis appears to have several different factors that contribute to development of the disease.

Based on the tendency to occur within certain breeds, some believe there may be a genetic component. Others have suggested nutritional and possibly viral factors may contribute to the development of the disease.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Panosteitis?

Panosteitis or HOD in dogs often presents as a sudden onset of lameness with no known trauma or injury.

There may be periods of lameness that last for 2 to 3 weeks at a time and shifts from one leg to another. This is most common in large breed male dogs between the ages of 4 and 18 months.

Your pup may suddenly show reluctance to exercise or go for walks. He or she will react with pain when affected bones are squeezed.

The bones most commonly affected are the long bones of the front and hind legs, but the feet and pelvis may also be involved. Occasionally, a dog with panosteitis may have a fever or elevated white blood cell count.

How is Panosteitis or HOD diagnosed?

Growing pains in dogs is one possible cause of acute lameness in young dogs. Other diseases such as Lyme disease and osteochondritis dissecans in dogs (OCD in dogs) can also present with a lameness without a known source of trauma.

When your pup is showing signs of lameness, you will want to have a veterinarian examine your dog to make the proper diagnosis. He or she will be able to do a complete work up to determine the source of the lameness.

Two possible diseases to rule out when determining whether a dog with lameness has HOD are Lyme disease and OCD.

With Lyme disease, the pain is usually related to the joints rather than the bones, a simple antibody blood test will confirm exposure and, your canine friend will respond to antibiotic treatment.

Like Lyme disease, dog OCD can present with sudden lameness that resembles pano in dogs. OCD in dogs is a disease of the cartilage in which the cartilage in some joints is damaged and grows abnormally.

It cracks and separates resulting in considerable pain. The shoulder is most commonly affected, but other leg joints can also be involved. Like HOD in dogs, OCD is most common in larger breed dogs, and it usually affects young males.

To help rule out Lyme disease, OCD in dogs and other causes of lameness, your veterinarian will start with a complete physical examination. He or she will ask you for a history of your dog’s activities and how they have been showing pain.

If indicated, your veterinarian will take blood tests to check for presence of antibodies to Lyme disease or an elevated white blood cell count.

To clearly differentiate between dog OCD and HOD in dogs, the doctor will take radiographs of the affected bones or joints. In each case, additional radiographs of healthy bones and joints may be taken for comparison.

In the case of HOD, the bone will show changes from an increased bone density in the center of the affected bone early in the disease to a mottled and patchy appearance to the bone as the disease progresses and eventually resolves.

How is Panosteitis Treated?

There is no specific medication or treatment for panosteitis in dogs, but the pain can be managed with a combination of rest and anti-inflammatory medications. Use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as Rimadyl or Deramaxx as needed to control the painful periods of the disease.

Antibiotics are not indicated unless there is a concurrent infection. Steroids should not be used unless the pain is severe, and your veterinarian recommends this course of treatment.

One excellent natural anti-inflammatory product is Zesty Paws Turmeric Curcumin for Dogs . Many pet owners have reported that it has provided pain relief for a range of joint problems in their canine friends.

Natural Remedies & Diet

Because many believe the disease is multi-factorial with a nutritional component, some people use supplements to help manage the disease. Over feeding of protein or fat might contribute to the disease, so you will want to provide a balanced diet.

You may elect to provide an antioxidant supplement such as Proanthozone to your dog’s diet. Proanthozone contains bioflavanol to help neutralize free radicles and thus promote cellular health. The bioflavanol is also instrumental in interfering with enzymes that cause cartilage break down, which may lessen the severity of the disease.

As the common name suggests, puppy growing pains are self-limiting. The disease usually lasts about 2 to 5 months but may last longer. Once it runs its course, it is rare to have ongoing symptoms or need for further treatment.

Because there are other causes of lameness, if your pup continues to show pain beyond the normal time frame or does not respond to treatment, you should have your veterinarian reevaluate your canine friend.

Can Panosteitis be Prevented?

As stated before, it is important to provide a healthy, well balanced diet with the appropriate balance of fatty acids and proteins.

Over feeding and over supplementation has the potential to contribute to the disease.

If you have a young dog that suddenly shows lameness, you may be dealing with growing pains or panosteitis. Because this disease and other diseases that may cause lameness in young animals are painful, you will want to consult your veterinarian for a prompt diagnosis.

A thorough examination and radiographs will help rule out diseases such as Lyme disease and dog OCD so you can provide the proper care and treatment for your furry friend. You will need to use NSAIDs as needed to control the painful flare ups and restrict exercise and activity during the course of the disease.

Providing a good antioxidant and well balanced diet may help to reduce the severity of the symptoms.

Although there is no known way to prevent panosteitis, genetic screening and diet may have an impact on the incidence of the disease.

More on Dogs:

• How to Choose the Best Fish Oil for Dogs with Joint Problems
• Hip Dysplasia In Dogs: Causes, Symptoms And Treatments
• What Can You Give Dogs For Pain? Are Human Medications Safe?

A lover of animals, peace and quiet, and reading. When Fern is not working she will be engrossed in a Fiction book or drooling over the idea of going out for dinner.

Fern is strangely fond of Vampire movies.

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The Ultimate Guide to Panoramic Photography

Practising large scale panoramic photography is a step up from creating a panorama with an iPhone or even a 360° image with a GoPro Max, Insta360 or Ricoh Theta. We’re going to be looking at panoramic landscape photography in particular where the scene has left, right, top and bottom edges.

Many of the principles will carry across to the spherical panoramas used in 360° photography, but we need another post to do that topic justice – the ultimate 360 Photography guide. .

What is Panoramic Photography?

Simply put, Panoramic photographs are images created from a row or more of overlapping photographs. The finished panoramic image is “stitched” together using software, and presents as one photograph.

It should be obvious that each image needs to be identical in terns of its exposure, so that when they are stitched together, the effect is uniform without having to visit photoshop to iron out the differences.

So we’re going to look at the equipment you will need, the problems you will encounter and consider ways to resolve them. Taking a three shot panorama is one thing, taking a gigapixel panorama of 50 images or more is quite another.

Panoramic Photography Equipment 

Use the best camera you can get your hands on. The more definition you have in individual images, the better the final result will be.

You need a steady tripod, preferably without a centre column. The reason is that centre columns introduce movement in almost every tripod I’ve owned. The one exception is my Feisol CT3442 which doesn’t have a centre column. I’ve found that any movement outside of the axis of rotation encourages stitching errors.

Levelling Base

If your camera is not level then as you rotate it to shoot rows of images it will force you to crop a part of the highest image in the panorama because each successive shot in the row steps down (or up) so you’ll crop to the nearest rectangular shape for the whole frame. This can render a whole shoot useless. Check out my review of three levelling bases .

Panoramic Head

A panoramic head introduces predictability into the equation. If you shoot three rows of ten overlapping images, you can work out the degree of rotation and tilt, and repeat it exactly for all rows. In panoramic photography we need to save time so that we can capture the light. For this reason alone, a panoramic head is a good investment.

Many landscape panoramas are shot with middle ground and background only. So parallax errors are easy to get rid of in stitching. However, if you do have a foreground and many panoramas shot in portrait mode do, then you will almost certainly run into parallax problems. .A Nodal Rail helps to find the nodal point for your camera/lens combination and eliminate the problem at source. Why is this important? 

Close one Eye. Hold one finger up and align it with a vertical object in the background. Now turn your head. See how the finger appears to move in relation to the background?

Turning your head in this example, physically moves your eye. So the effect is exaggerated a little. Imagine the camera on a tripod. It rotates around the axis of the centre column. 

Moving the camera along a nodal rail helps you to align the nodal point with the axis of rotation. Once that is done, the parallax errors will be minimised and your pictures will stitch without error.

If you’re doing landscape photography, then you’ll want to invest in an L Bracket so that you can shoot in portrait mode. There are three reasons you might want to do this. 

• So that you can include sky and land in one image. Easier to stitch if there are edges in the photograph.
• To minimise the number of rows you shoot. Why make life more difficult than it already is?
• To keep the centre of gravity stable on the tripod. Most ball heads have the ability to swing over to 90° or more. But this pulls the centre of gravity away from the centre of the tripod and you risk losing the ‘level’ as you rotate the camera to shoot successive frames.

Shutter Release Cable

This helps to avoid unnecessary vibration.

This is a level of equipment required to create panoramic images to a professional level. Its possible to do it with less equipment but it will be slower and way more error prone.

In terms of learning curves, I’d advise against diving in the deep end. Start simple and move on up once you’re confident you’ve mastered the camera/tripod combination.

Camera Settings for Panoramic Photography

White balance.

If like me you’re used to shooting RAW, leaving white balance on Auto and adjusting white in post processing, then you’re going to have to change your ways for panoramic photography. This goes back to. the fact that you’re shooting multiple frames and stitching them together afterwards. It’s imperative that every frame has the same white balance.

Technical advances in digital cameras make this less of an issue than it used to be. You can shoot at ISO 1000 perfectly comfortably with most modern cameras. The reason you might want to would be to do with moving objects in the frame. Even clouds can ruin a panorama if they move too much between frames. 

So shoot at an ISO level that enables you to work fast once you begin shooting.

A lot of people shoot aperture priority in landscape photography. This isn’t going to work with panoramic photos. For the same reason I cited with white balance, you want every frame to be shot with identical settings, so that the whole panoramic image looks like a single shot.

Shutter Speed

See  Aperture.

Software for Panoramas

Keep it simple is the key here too. If Adobe Lightroom works for you, that’s fine. Move on up on the basis of what you need to take your panoramic photography to the next level.

DxO Pure RAW (Noise Reduction Software)

Noise reduction is still a thing. The Canon cameras I use benefit from shooting to the right, by which I mean adjust the exposure so that the brightest bits nudge the right hand side of the histogram. Adjusting in post processing to get a more aesthetically pleasing image. Retrieving detail from an exposure that is too bright (not blown out) is easier than retrieving detail from dark shadows. 

More often than not, it is pulling detail from dark areas that give you visible noise. One way you can deal with this is to use noise reduction software such as DxO Pure RAW to remove the noise before you start processing the image. 

Note that with astrophotography, noise reduction is achieved by stacking multiple frames. This is more effective than other methods as it doesn’t remove the stars!

Adobe Lightroom

I tend to pass my photos through DxO Pure RAW to remove noise before bringing them into a RAW processor. Whatever you use, Lightroom, DxO PhotoLab or ON1 Photo RAW, you need to be able to process one image then copy the processing to all the images you have shot. 

Lightroom also has the ability to merge your photos into a single panoramic image.

Adobe Photoshop

Photoshop has the ability to merge multiple photos into a panoramic image. I use photoshop to produce my final image..

Dedicated stitching software, better at stitching panoramas than anything Adobe have created. 

How do you embed a huge megapixel panorama in a website without sacrificing performance? Pano2VR Breaks your finished panorama up into ’tiles’ and provides the intelligence to reassemble in a browser. Essential if you want people to be able to really see the detail in your panoramas and load them fast. 

Hotspots 

We’re getting into virtual tour territory a little. You can also add hotspots so that in a huge landscape for example you can make a village ‘clickable’ and display information about that village.

Hosting Gigapixel Panoramas

The problem with breaking panoramas up into tiles is that a lot of hosting is predicated on inodes – the number of files served to make up a web page. I use Amazon S3 to host panoramas and virtual tours for this reason. The entire process is documented in detail over at Helter Skelter Digital in the article “ Setting up a website with Amazon S3 and CloudFront “

Now that we’ve listed the software and hardware, let’s step through the process of creating a panoramic image. I’ve written a little more about the process in the context of a real shoot in The Lecrin Valley Fire post.

Landscape photographers know that shooting panoramas can involve hiking long distances to get the ideal location. So pack only what you need. Every kg takes a little more energy to carry.

Preparation

Like many landscape photographers I’ll scout my location either personally or on Google Maps. I’ll use the  Photographers Ephemeris  to see where the sunrise for sunset is coming from in relation to the planned photograph. And I’ll pack exactly what I need to get the multiple images I need for the finished panorama. 

Don’t forget to pack water and food. Dehydration in a hot climate can kill.

Choice of Lens

Panoramic images are often shot on telephoto lenses rather than the wide angle lens favoured by many landscape photographers. Whatever works best for you is the right lens, but bear in mind that the distortion introduced by wide angle lenses does not lend itself to stitching. 

Despite the weight, I often use a 70-200mm lens. Getting the detail is what works for large panoramic images and you won’t get that with a wide angle.

Setting Up the Camera

Ok, I’ve driven to a point close to my location. I’ve hiked from the car to the position I’ve chosen. I’ll take a test shot, handheld to give me an idea of what the potential is real time. from the test shot, depending on the lens I’l be able to work out how many rows and columns I need to shoot for my panorama.

First I’ll set the tripod and level it. This is not absolute, because once I start adding bits on top of the base, chances are the weight will pull the tripod off level, but it will be close. I shouldn’t have to adjust the legs of the tripod after this.

Next I’ll add the levelling base and on top of that the panoramic head, I’ll adjust the levelling base so that my panoramic head is level.

Add the camera and lens to the panoramic head (the nodal rail comes below the camera if you are using one).

Adjust the levelling base again so that you know your entire rig is level.

Put the camera in manual mode. Take some test shots, handheld. You’re looking for a reasonable exposure that will retain detail in the darks and the lights. This may be a compromise in camera, but you’ll be able to rescue detail in the edit. What you can’t rescue is blown out highlights or black areas where there is no detail to rescue.

Use a narrow aperture so that you can focus front to back of scene. 

Adjust the ISO upwards so that you can shoot minimally at 1/100 second. This is to minimise cloud movement and prevent it from causing stitching errors later.

Shoot the first row of your panorama overlapping each shot by around 30% so that the stitching software has plenty to work with. This row should be dead level. If it isn’t you’ll be forced to crop later. For the same reason, shoot wider than you actually need so that you can crop to size. 

Adjust the tilt on the lens up and shoot the top row if needed.

Adjust the tilt on the lens down and shoot the bottom row if needed.

Tilt/Shift lenses

In architectural photography I’ll sometimes shoot a panoramic image so that I can get the whole scene, in detail into one frame. In this case, I use the shift rather than the tilt so that I don’t have to worry about visible distortion with converging verticals.

Check the output in camera for any obvious errors. If need be, shoot again until you’re satisfied with the result.

Don’t forget at this stage, sit and take a few minutes to enjoy the scene. I don’t say this to be facetious. You’ll notice things that may help in the editing later. My experience is that it really helps in some indeterminable way if I am ‘connected’ to the scene I am shooting. Perhaps its just that I’ll put the extra mile in if I feel a strong connection.

RAW Processing

First I import the set of images into Lightroom so that I can tweak the exposure and carry out basic raw processing across the set while I still have the detail captured in the RAW file.

If necessary, I’ll apply noise reduction at this point.

Then it’s time to create the panorama.

In Lightroom it’s the “merge” command under the File menu. Choose “Panorama’ and let it work its magic.

I prefer to use PTGui because as a specialist tool it does stitching very well indeed. In Lightroom and photoshop, I can’t get at the layers after it is stitched. In PTGui I can, so this gives me the ability to adjust the stitch line to get rid of time based anomalies. We’ve all seen the unlikely stretched dogs in Mobile phone panoramas, any moving object along the stitch line will cause problems. These can be resolved easily in PTGui.

Once you are happy with the stitching, output the result as a Tiff format file.

In photoshop, or your favourite alternative, you can process the tiff just as you would a normal photo. Draw the viewers attention to the areas you want them to focus on, emphasise leading lines and boost contrast, adjust colour etc.

Converting to Website Friendly Format

Export the finished image and import it into Pan2VR (krpano is a reasonably priced alternative). The software will basically create a mini website, chopping your image up into small tiles that are quick to load in a browser and providing the ability to render it as a complete single image that the viewer can zoom into, move around and enjoy a properly immersive experience.

Configuring S3 for hosting is not straightforward, the process is described in detail in the linked article.

Although this article is written from the point of view of a landscape photographer, panoramic photography enjoys a number of uses. The same techniques can be used in architectural photography, cityscapes, astrophotography and the practice although exacting will make you a better more considered photographer.

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