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Star Trek: Discovery “Under the Twin Moons” Review: Clues among the moons

New photos from the first two episodes of Star Trek: Discovery season 5

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Revisiting “The Lost Era: Serpent Among the Ruins” Retro Review

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Star Trek: Discovery Season 5 premiere “Red Directive” Review: In Pursuit of Legacies

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Strange New Worlds director Jordan Canning talks “Charades,” the versatility of the series & Star Trek fandom

‘Star Trek Online’ lead designer talks the game’s longevity, honoring the franchise, and seeing his work come to life in ‘Picard’

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Connor Trinneer and Dominic Keating talk ‘Enterprise’, their relationship with Star Trek in 2023 and their first live ‘Shuttlepod Show’

John Billingsley discusses what he’d want in a fifth season of Enterprise, playing Phlox and this weekend’s Trek Talks 2 event

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John Billingsley Talks Life Since Star Trek: Enterprise, Going to Space and Turning Down Lunch with Shatner and Nimoy

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The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway Review: Post-Voyager, The Mission Continues

The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway: Delving Into the Life and Times of Star Trek’s Legendary Captain

It’s no doubt that some Star Trek characters have become so endearing to fans that we are willing to gobble up whatever information we can about them. Normally, that might mean re-watching key episodes or venture into the extensive (non-canonical) world of Star Trek novels . But, there’s another way to explore the life and times of these people: autobiographies.

It’s a great concept: publish a book “written” by a fictional character. Autobiographies already exist for Jean-Luc Picard, James Kirk, and Spock. Of course, real-world authors are credited with “editing” these books, but the mirage of a book actually written by a Star Trek character is a great way to delve deeper into the Star Trek universe. The latest entry in this series, The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway , edited by Star Trek veteran Una McCormack (who also “edited” The Autobiography of Spock) is on shelves now. As expected, it turns out to be an enthralling read into a character that is actually now more prevalent in “modern” Star Trek discourse than ever before.

The book, seemingly published a couple of decades after Voyager ‘s return from the Delta Quadrant, begins with a forward written by Commander Naomi Wildman – who was of course only a child when the ship came home. Wildman is now the executive officer of Deep Space K-7, but that’s only a minor little detail. The real meat of this book comes from the lengthy descriptions of Janeway’s impressive life and Starfleet career, told by the captain herself.

Janeway’s account goes chronologically, beginning with her childhood in the 2330s and ending with the years after Voyager ‘s return home. That’s quite a long time to chronicle, but McCormack makes the journey effortless for the reader. There really is more to Janeway than her time in the Delta Quadrant, and this book showcases that better than anything. While there are countless little details in this book that will be fun for readers, including many tidbits involving other Star Trek characters, we want to touch on a particularly notable part of this book: post-“Endgame.” A common critique of Voyager ‘s series finale was that it didn’t provide a lot of closure after Voyager finally reached Earth. What did Janeway and others do after getting back home? How did their careers progress after all that time in the Delta Quadrant? Without giving too much away here, rest assured that this autobiography does tackle the immediate aftermath of Voyage r – including a look at the press release Starfleet released announcing Voyager ‘s arrival. Janeway and others became celebrities, in a way, thanks to the human interest aspect of their long voyage. Janeway eventually becomes an admiral, which we knew already thanks to Star Trek: Nemesis . Those who sympathize with Harry Kim should know he does get his own command. Tom Paris leaves Starfleet and starts writing holodramas. Seven of Nine becomes part of a Federation think tank. The list goes on. In this way, this book is truly a gift to Voyager fans who may have been longing for more closure for the crew.

Now that we’ve gotten that out of the way, it’s time to put on our tinfoil hats. At the end of the book, Janeway mentions how she has a daughter (how exactly Janeway becomes a mother is an interesting detail awaiting readers). Ensign Amelia Janeway, Starfleet Academy Class of 2395, is talked about briefly, and we get a picture of mother and daughter at the graduating ceremony. Now, we know Janeway, voiced by Kate Mulgrew, will be featured in the upcoming Star Trek: Prodigy , an animated show about a group of teenagers who find a derelict Starfleet ship and take off for adventure. What if Amelia is one of those teenagers? Perhaps she has the same adventurous spirit as her mother, and Janeway is forced to interact, guide, or protect the teenagers, including her daughter, in some way? An interesting idea, for sure. We’ll have to wait and see.

Taken together, The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway is a fantastic addition to the legend of Star Trek ‘s first female captain. Certainly, if there were any Star Trek character who warranted an autobiography, we think it’d be Janeway. Kudos to author Una McCormack for so thoughtfully expanding Janeway’s story, and giving readers some truly interesting material to chew over. This book will surely fit nicely on fans’ bookshelves this holiday season.

If you would like more insight into McCormack’s thoughts on Janeway and Star Trek in general, check out our interview with her.

The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway is now available on Amazon .

Win The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway

We’re giving away two copies of Titan Books’ The Autobiography of Kathryn Janeway . Follow us on Twitter and Facebook , for details on how you could win!

Stay tuned to TrekNews.net for all the latest news on Star Trek: Discovery , Star Trek: Strange New Worlds , Star Trek: Picard , Star Trek: Lower Decks , Star Trek: Prodigy , and more.

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Kyle Hadyniak has been a lifelong Star Trek fan, and isn't ashamed to admit that Star Trek V: The Final Frontier and Star Trek: Nemesis are his favorite Star Trek movies. You can follow Kyle on Twitter @khady93 .

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Post Voyager Announces the Launch of Jellyme, MOOI Network’s NFT Marketplace

August 23, 2022 – Singapore, Singapore

Post Voyager, a blockchain arm of a Japanese mobile game powerhouse Cocone and a developer of the MOOI Network, announced on Monday the launch of its non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace, Jellyme .

Jellyme is described as a “decentralized NFT marketplace that allows the MOOI Network users to enjoy their NFTs, primarily in-game assets or characters, by possessing full ownership of their NFTs.”

NFTs traded on the platform can be stored in the MOOI Wallet, and all transactions will be facilitated using MOOI tokens, the governance token of the MOOI Network.

The first collection of items to debut on Jellyme will be the NFTs of Meta Livly, the first game launched on the MOOI Network.

Meta Livly NFTs are described as a combination of several items, so the value of the NFT is based on the individual value of the items it consists of. Users can obtain the game items from gacha within Meta Livly, combine them and mint NFTs. Following the creation of the NFT, users can transact them on Jellyme.

A source from Post Voyager said,

“The launch of Jellyme will help to expand the ecosystem of the MOOI Network, connect game users and enable them to realize the value of the in-game assets they own.”

According to the same source, Post Voyager expects at least 100,000 NFTs to be traded on Jellyme by the end of the year as four more blockchain games await their launch on the MOOI Network in the second half of 2022.

About Post Voyager

Post Voyager is a subsidiary of the IP giant, Cocone (stylized as cocone), headquartered in Japan as a leading mobile gaming publisher.

Cocone’s gaming apps specialize in a genre of avatar gaming known as character coordination play (CCP). With over 20 different services spanning across 129 million accumulative users, Cocone is on track to convert the existing successful games into blockchain games.

Post Voyager was established to support the creation of GameFi tailored blockchain infrastructure and has been exercising its expertise since 2019.

With this goal in mind, Post Voyager has created a blockchain network called ‘MOOI Network’ that will be hosting the games from Cocone, as well as creating a metaverse world for new and upcoming projects.

MOOI Network plans to launch four new blockchain games within this year and has plans to launch many more to come during the upcoming future.

For more information, visit the links below.

Medium | Discord | Twitter | MOOI Network

Oleg Smagin , Post Voyager

This content is sponsored and should be regarded as promotional material. Opinions and statements expressed herein are those of the author and do not reflect the opinions of The Daily Hodl. The Daily Hodl is not a subsidiary of or owned by any ICOs, blockchain startups or companies that advertise on our platform. Investors should do their due diligence before making any high-risk investments in any ICOs, blockchain startups or cryptocurrencies. Please be advised that your investments are at your own risk, and any losses you may incur are your responsibility.

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We finally know why NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft stopped communicating — scientists are working on a fix

The first spacecraft to explore beyond the solar system started spouting gibberish late last year. Now, NASA knows why.

NASA engineers have discovered the cause of a communications breakdown between Earth and the interstellar explorer Voyager 1. It would appear that a small portion of corrupted memory exists in one of the spacecraft's computers. 

The glitch caused Voyager 1 to send unreadable data back to Earth, and is found in the NASA spacecraft's flight data subsystem (FDS). That's the system responsible for packaging the probe's science and engineering data before the telemetry modulation unit (TMU) and radio transmitter send it back to mission control. 

The source of the issue began to reveal itself when Voyager 1 operators sent the spacecraft a "poke" on March 3, 2024. This was intended to prompt FDS to send a full memory readout back to Earth.

The readout confirmed to the NASA team that about 3% of the FDS memory had been corrupted, and that this was preventing the computer from carrying out its normal operations.

Related: NASA finds clue while solving Voyager 1's communication breakdown case

Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 became the first human-made object to leave the solar system and enter interstellar space in 2012. Voyager 2 followed its spacecraft sibling out of the solar system in 2018, and is still operational and communicating well with  Earth.

After 11 years of interstellar exploration, in Nov. 2023, Voyager 1's binary code — the computer language it uses to communicate with Earth — stopped making sense. Its 0's and 1's didn't mean anything anymore.

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"Effectively, the call between the spacecraft and the Earth was still connected, but Voyager's 'voice' was replaced with a monotonous dial tone," Voyager 1's engineering team previously  told Space.com .

The team strongly suspects this glitch is the result of a single chip that's responsible for storing part of the affected portion of the FDS memory ceasing to work.

Currently, however, NASA can’t say for sure what exactly caused that particular issue. The chip could have been struck by a high-speed energetic particle from space or, after 46 years serving Voyager 1, it may simply have worn out.

—  Voyager 2: An iconic spacecraft that's still exploring 45 years on

—  NASA's interstellar Voyager probes get software updates beamed from 12 billion miles away

—  NASA Voyager 2 spacecraft extends its interstellar science mission for 3 more years

Voyager 1 currently sits around 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, which means it takes 22.5 hours to receive a radio signal from it — and another 22.5 hours for the spacecraft to receive a response via the Deep Space Network's antennas. Solving this communication issue is thus no mean feat.

Yet, NASA scientists and engineers are optimistic they can find a way to help FDS operate normally, even without the unusable memory hardware.

Solving this issue could take weeks or even months, according to NASA — but if it is resolved, Voyager 1 should be able to resume returning science data about what lies outside the solar system.

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: [email protected].

Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.’s Open University. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst.

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Voyager 1 is sending binary gibberish to Earth from 15.1 billion miles away

U pdate: According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory spokesperson Calla Coffield on March 8, the problem is still unresolved. However, the NASA team is fairly confident it is flight data system’s (FDS) memory that is causing the problems. The fixes have been minimal such as setting the object however, there are more ambitious fixes yet to be announced. As of now, the team is continuing to the slow process of fixing the craft and they have no plans to retire the mission.

Voyager 1, the most distant human-made object from Earth, is behaving strangely. It's not easy to diagnose and fix problems from 15.1 billion miles (24.4 billion kilometers) away, but NASA is trying.

NASA reported Dec. 12 that the probe's flight data system (FDS) - consisting of three onboard computers - is sending nonsense binary data back to Earth. The mix of ones and zeros is coming in a repeating pattern that appeared to be "stuck.” Before you ask, yes, they tried rebooting. According to a NASA news release , the team tried to restart the FDS, but it did not help. 

Andrew Good works in media relations for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and emailed astronomy.com an update from Voyager project manager Suzy Dodd. They’re working diligently to fix it, and there was no sign of a problem before it happened.

The team is looking for a solution by examining old documents, and making sure to not overwrite essential code. A difficulty with fixing the problem is the length of time it takes to deliver and receive messages. Because the spacecraft is in interstellar space, it takes 22-1/2 hours for any kind of patch to reach the probe and the same length of time to find out if it worked.

Meanwhile, the similarly-named Voyager 2 is 12.6 billion miles (20.2 billion km) away, and is operating normally after a communication glitch over the summer. Scientists are hopeful it will continue to function until its power supply runs out sometime after 2026.

Related: A list of current and planned space missions

The two spacecrafts are the only human-made objects to enter interstellar space from Earth. Both carry the Golden Record , a collection of images and sounds selected by Carl Sagan and associates.

The post Voyager 1 is sending binary gibberish to Earth from 15.1 billion miles away appeared first on Astronomy Magazine .

NASA engineers discover why Voyager 1 is sending a stream of gibberish from outside our solar system

Voyager 1 has been sending a stream of garbled nonsense since November. Now NASA engineers have identified the fault and found a potential workaround.

For the past five months, the Voyager 1 spacecraft has been sending a steady stream of unreadable gibberish back to Earth. Now, NASA engineers finally know why.

The 46-year-old spacecraft sends regular radio signals as it drifts further from our solar system . But in November 2023, the signals suddenly became garbled, meaning  scientists were unable to read any of its data, and they were left mystified about the fault's origins. 

In March, NASA engineers sent a command prompt, or "poke," to the craft to get a readout from its flight data subsystem (FDS) — which packages Voyager 1's science and engineering data before beaming it back to Earth. 

After decoding the spacecraft's response, the engineers have found the source of the problem: The FDS's memory has been corrupted.

Related: NASA's Voyager 1 sends readable message to Earth after 4 nail-biting months of gibberish

"The team suspects that a single chip responsible for storing part of the affected portion of the FDS memory isn't working," NASA said in a blog post Wednesday (March 13) . "Engineers can't determine with certainty what caused the issue. Two possibilities are that the chip could have been hit by an energetic particle from space or that it simply may have worn out after 46 years."

— NASA hears 'heartbeat' signal from Voyager 2 probe a week after losing contact

— Historic space photo of the week: Voyager 2 spies a storm on Saturn 42 years ago

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Although it may take several months, the engineers say they can find a workaround to run the FDS without the fried chip — restoring the spacecraft's messaging output and enabling it to continue to send readable information from outside our solar system.

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Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 zipped past Saturn and Jupiter in 1979 and 1980 before flying out into interstellar space in 2012. It is now recording the conditions outside of the sun's protective magnetic field , or heliosphere, which blankets our solar system.

Voyager 1 is currently more than 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, and it takes 22.5 hours for any radio signal to travel from the craft to our planet.

Ben Turner is a U.K. based staff writer at Live Science. He covers physics and astronomy, among other topics like tech and climate change. He graduated from University College London with a degree in particle physics before training as a journalist. When he's not writing, Ben enjoys reading literature, playing the guitar and embarrassing himself with chess.

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• TorbjornLarsson Bon voyage, Voyager! Reply
• Jay McHue What if aliens are doing it to try to communicate with us? 🤪 Reply

Jay McHue said: What if aliens are doing it to try to communicate with us? 🤪

admin said: Voyager 1 has been sending a stream of garbled nonsense since November. Now NASA engineers have identified the fault and found a potential workaround. NASA engineers discover why Voyager 1 is sending a stream of gibberish from outside our solar system : Read more

sourloaf said: What does FSB mean?

Rusty Lugnuts said: Where are you seeing "FSB"? The closest thing I can see in the article is "FDS". In modern computers, FSB would most likely refer to the Fr0nt S1ide Bu5, though I have no idea if a system as old as Voyagers, let alone engineered so specifically, would have an FSB. (apparently I can't spell out "Fr0nt S1ide Bu5" or my post gets flagged as spam or inappropriate??)

• SkidWard Just cut the % of ram needed... skip the bad sectors Reply
• kloudykat FDS = fl1ght da1a sub5ystem5 Reply
• 5ft24dave This is pretty old news, like 6 months old. Are you guys just now discovering this? Reply

Commodore Browncoat said: That's about as sane a theory as many of the others that have become ridiculously popular in the past several years, so sure - why not? What reply do you think we should send?

• View All 11 Comments

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Voyager 1 Issue Tracked Down To Defective Memory Chip

After more than forty-six years all of us are likely to feel the wear of time, and Voyager 1 is no different. Following months of harrowing troubleshooting as the far-flung spacecraft stopped returning sensible data, NASA engineers now feel confident that they have tracked down the cause for the problem: a single defective memory chip . Why this particular chip failed is unknown, but possibilities range from wear and tear to an energetic particle hitting it and disrupting its operation.

We’ve covered the Voyager 1 troubleshooting saga so far, with the initial garbled responses attributed to a range of systems, but narrowed down to the Flight Data Subsystem (FDS), which prepares data for transmission by the telemetry modulation unit (TMU). Based on a recent ‘poke’ command that returned a memory dump engineers concluded that the approximately 3% of corrupted data fit with this one memory chip, opening the possibility of a workaround.

Recently NASA engineers have also been working on patching up the firmware in both Voyager spacecraft, against the background of the dwindling energy produced by the radioisotope generators that have kept both spacecraft powered and warm, even in the cold, dark depths of Deep Space far beyond the light of our Sun.

50 thoughts on “ Voyager 1 Issue Tracked Down To Defective Memory Chip ”

I wish the scientists all the wisdom and luck in finding a workaround! I guess that they crammed the ram full, when they designed it, so probably they will have to trade in some other functionality. Not an easy decision, I imagine. I don’t think there’s much that can be left out without rendering Voyager incapable.

I think the problem is the lack of a reserve probe here on earth. If there had been a spare voyager to experiment with, several scenarios could be tested beforehand.

I mean, in theory there is/there are. Or there were. Voyager 2&1 weren’t the last of their kind back in the 1970s.

Back when the first Star Trek movie was being filmed in late 1970s, there was the proposal to get a real Voyager for filming. Minus the RTGs, maybe, of course. ;)

https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Voyager_6

Would it not be cheaper to build a simulator?

Cheaper to clone a twin, especially if it doesn’t have to be space grade. You have semi acceptable parts, planning and assembly instructions and something to experiment on.

I think this was covered here in a previous article about Voyager, but there’s no practical way to simulate everything that’s happened to the real Voyager – think radiation, heat/cooling cycles, undetected micrometeroid strikes and so on.

Both the Voyagers have had a number of onboard failures as well which they just work around. They’re effectively both extremely bespoke objects at this point.

I’d also point out that given that they’ve been able to figure out the problem with a 47-year old spacecraft from 1 light-day away with ** 12 people **, I kinda don’t think they have a problem.

I think it’s not just age per se, but lack of proper power supply now (RTGs). For a while already, the electronics and instruments are forced to keep working without the heating. Secondly, the electronics are constantly working more and more torwards their electrical limits, already close to brownout perhaps, not sure. The symptoms we see now aren’t too unusual to undervoltage. Try using a solar calculator with insufficient lighting and it will produce wrong numbers.

No, it’s age, they’re years away from running into power problems with just operating the FDS and transmitters, and the heaters that were turned off were for science instruments.

This isn’t the first time both Voyagers have had problems with the system memory. V1 lost half its memory (the backup) and V2 lost a block due to permanent failure during the prime mission decades ago, and they’ve had plenty of periodic WTFs since, they’ve just been recoverable. There’s a paper from back in 2016 detailing the state of both spacecraft.

“No, it’s age [..]” Boy, that’s quite a stubborn point of view (imho). As if we laymen had any insights what’s actually going on.. *sigh* 🙄 Speaking of stubborness, personally, I don’t think that age alone is the culprit. Wear, maybe. But not “age”. Space is a controlled environment, unlike earth. Except for space radiation, it’s a perfect place for preservation, like a vaccum chamber. My Sharp MZ-80K computer on the desk here was built in 1978 and still works, without any maintenance. My FT-277 radio (Yaesu FT-101), as well. Or that Tono RTTY terminal. My home is full of 1970s appliances which still work fine. all under destructive influence of the earth’s atmosphere. But of course, these weren’t running 24/7. But some C64 computers may still be running for ages, which aren’t much younger than the Voyagers. They use 1970s tech, as well. Chips like 6502, Z80 or 8088 are children of the 70s.

“Boy, that’s quite a stubborn point of view (imho). As if we laymen had any insights what’s actually going on.”

Yes, me, a scientist in the cosmic ray field who’s actually met some of these guys could have no possible insights into what’s going on. Congratulations.

“Wear, maybe. But not “age”.”

There isn’t any difference to something that’s powered on 24/7. And “space is a controlled environment” is… an interesting phrasing. It isn’t. I mean, the combination of radiation, vacuum, and thermal cycling is just extreme stress.

seems you would have unused portions of the ram that were used by systems that are no longer used/not functioning/don’t have enough power. just remap your memory address into those areas.

V1 is already only operating with half its original RAM since one of the entire modules failed back in ’81, so it’s not quite that trivial. However, they did plan for partial memory failures (34 years ago!) so there is A Plan, just needs to be worked into what the working memory space is.

There are two articles I’ve recently found on which are covering the Voyager computer system(s).

First one is in German, of course. Because.. All good things are in German, after all. Just kidding (I have a poor sense of humor). ;)

Second one was being linked in the first one.

https://www.dev-crowd.com/2018/12/22/retro-engineering-am-beispiel-voyager-1-und-voyager-2-mission/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/voyager-mission-anniversary-computers-command-data-attitude-control

Like most NASA probes the designs are generally published and available, although most of them are under AIAA paywalls, I guess. The computer systems are covered in doi://10.2514/6.1987-501.

Some of the details in the article aren’t right – I think they misunderstood the engineer. Voyager *in total*, between all the computers, has about ~64 kB, not the CCS alone. All of the components are redundant, and the individual ones are:

CCS: 4096×18 AACS: 4096×18 FDS: 8192×16 times 2, for a total of 557,056 bits, or 68 kB total, although doing it in “bytes” is a bit wrong there as you can see.

On the other hand, most of the scientific instruments have passed to the next dimension, so the memory requirements should be lesser. Can’t wait to see how they work around this one.

That came also to my mind. In essence, Voyagers are merely listening to background noise anymore. The most important part would be to keep the star tracker for Canopus working. So the Voyagers can keep pointing their high gain antennas back to home.

No, they’re not! Both V1/V2 still have working particle/magnetic field detectors, and they’re sampling the low energy cosmic ray spectrum that can’t be observed at Earth as well as the transition out of the Sun’s magnetic field.

They’re very useful scientifically, but sadly the instruments will need to begin to shutdown soon in order to keep comms.

Okay. Though how does it contradict my statement? I said they’re listening to background noise, which I consider including all sorts of radiation in space. It’s a radio receiver that’s essentially listening here. Other instruments like the cameras are long being disabled already.

What are you talking about? Its not a radio receiver. They’re specific particle detectors designed for this. This was always part of Voyager’s mission, just not quite the duration, obviously.

I’d count ‘charged particles’ as radio sources, too. I’ve built myself a geiger counter using a geiger tube and some caps years ago. The basic principle isn’t much different to a radio receiver (say, a coherer), except for a different type of “antenna” (feeler, sensor). But ok, I suppose we’re seeing things with different eyes. My apologies for my bad wording, also. I think I’ve should have been more precise.

“I’ve built myself a geiger counter using a geiger tube and some caps years ago.”

You… you do realize you’re basically saying the equivalent of “I built a radio detector by plugging an antenna into a radio receiver,” right? A Geiger tube is the detecting element. Everything else is support electronics.

But you’re just really stretching definitions to fit your original statement here. These aren’t geiger counters. They aren’t radio receivers. They’re multilayer detectors that can do particle spectroscopy splitting into both energy and particle mass. They measure energy deposition of the particles as they pass through the detector along with total energy.

Let me be clear: I build radio receivers *and* particle detectors for a living. They’re not *remotely* the same. I’m at the high-energy end of the particle spectrum and the Voyager stuff’s at the low-energy end, but Voyager gets plenary/summary talks at conferences anyway so I know quite a bit about the science involved.

They’re not just measuring background noise with some crappy receiver. They’re literally travelling through an area of magnetic/particle flux change and they’re measuring *all* of it.

The reason why the Voyager missions still get the attention from NASA isn’t just for the flex. They’re actively doing science with detectors that were *designed* to do this kind of science.

The shut-down experiments on V1/V2 could conceivably be working, there’s just no funding to operate them because there’s no science return. The original Voyager Interstellar Mission had 7 funded instruments – two more have been shutdown since as the probe’s gotten farther, and V1’s PLS (plasma science) instrument was shutdown because it malfunctioned during the prime mission and had limited science benefit.

As mentioned above it’s not quite *that* trivial because V1 already lost half its memory shortly after launch.

Shouldn’t have used Micron Technology RAM chips… ;)

CMOS at least.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39949555

Although I guess we’re finding out how durable core can be as well.

The FDS memory (which is where the issue is) is CMOS, yeah, because it’s less “total loss of spacecraft” risk. The CCS/AACS, which handle command/control/pointing/etc. both use a derivative of core (plated wire) to ensure rad-hard behavior. The FDS is what actually records data.

Hence why the spacecraft’s still pointing properly and receiving commands, just sending back apparent nonsense.

Hopefully they designed the “Intel inside” stickers to peel off at memory errors :D

Patching the firmware?? I’ve had things fail right in front of me, let alone over 15 billion miles away. How does it still get a signal?? I can’t even get a mobile signal on the IOW!! 😂😂

> I can’t even get a mobile signal on the IOW!

That’s because they’ve only just accepted Teletext as a dangerous new fangled contrivance.

Was the memory implemented using some sort of error correcting code?

You would think after 47 years they would have invented another space craft with updated high tech communication. Longer range as well with video communication.

Yeah the only problem is that the planetary alignment for gravity assist needed for the Voyager missions takes significantly longer than 47 years. Also terrestrial electronics design is not geared towards multi-decade reliability.

also that gosh-darned inverse square law

” Also terrestrial electronics design is not geared towards multi-decade reliability.”

Not anymore, I think. Our technology from the 70s and early-mid 80s was, we had been there. It was a combination of simplicity and elegance. The bigger structures were more tough, too. Also in terms of radiation. Let’s just think of an 6502 or an Cosmac 1802 (non-space hardened version, too!). Or heck, relays logic. Alas, that’s what many people don’t like to see. Because it can’t be what shouldn’t. It’s against their ideology.

Your thoughts aren’t wrong my friend, but the Voyagers also weren’t meant to leave solar system ASAP. The primary mission was the exploration of the planets, the grand tour. That wouldn’t have been possible in same way if the Voyagers had been moving too fast at the time. Or in other words, the 70s tech wasn’t the hindrance for their traveling speeds. There’s another project (“Interstellar probe”) that aims to leave solar system at high speeds. Haven’t heard much about for a long time, though. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)

The Grand Tour wasn’t the original mission either, it was only supposed to be Juptiter & Saturn.

But yes, they’ve done very well.

They have for another deep space mission:

New Horizons

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/new-horizons/

New Horizons is a NASA mission to study the dwarf planet Pluto, its moons, and other objects in the Kuiper Belt, a region of the solar system that extends from about 30 AU, near the orbit of Neptune, to about 50 AU from the Sun.

It was the first mission in NASA’s New Frontiers program, a medium-class, competitively selected, and principal investigator-led series of missions. (The program also includes Juno and OSIRIS-REx.)

New Horizons was the first spacecraft to encounter Pluto, a relic from the formation of the solar system. By the time it reached the Pluto system, the spacecraft had traveled farther away and for a longer time period (more than nine years) than any previous deep space spacecraft ever launched.

———-

Also, NASA is working on laser communications for space probes:

NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications experiment beamed an ultra-high definition streaming video on Dec. 11 from a record-setting 19 million miles away (31 million kilometers, or about 80 times the Earth-Moon distance). The milestone is part of a NASA technology demonstration aimed at streaming very high-bandwidth video and other data from deep space…

I always think it’s funny in scifi when machines are considered immortal when it’s an absolutely heroic accomplishment (deserving of much praise) to get something like this to last fifty years, which would be too young to die for a person

It depends, I think. In space there’s no air, no corrosion. Our technology on earth, just like our buildings, is constantly being exposed to humidity, wind and temperature changes. All sorts of that accelerate an aging process. In space, it’s just radiation. Use lead plates for sensitive electronics and the problem is solved.

There is still that itty bitty problem that is called ‘temperature’, most electronics don’t like the extremes of space.

True, but what about temperature changes in space (inside Voyagers) vs on earth? Material can also become brittle from extending/shrinking due to temperature. Like a wire that’s being bent back and forth until it breaks (to use a very basic comparison).

All electronics have a shelf life. Everything goes bad eventually, even in a perfect climate-controlled environment and especially if it has power applied to it. Look up electromigration some time. Or perhaps tin whiskers. Yes, tin whiskers still occur in leaded solder, just more slowly. Even if you avoid cheap electrolytics with their 15 year lifespan, the plastics in your polymer caps will eventually become brittle and crack. Guess what took out a PLL loop circuit in this exact same Voyager 2 probe in 1978, making it damn hard to communicate with?

As for lead plates, no, that isn’t effective. For many scenarios in space even a shell of lead 10 feet thick wouldn’t be enough. Building a “radiation proof box” isn’t as easy as building something air or water tight. If it were that simple then there would be no need for chips like the IBM RAD6000.

The reality is that the only thing that can reduce radiation is *mass,* the one thing you want to avoid on a spacecraft, and the operative word is *reduce.* For every extra inch of material thickness with a density of some mass per cubic inch, you reduce radiation by some percentage. For many of the radiation sources that exist in the universe (eg jupiter’s radiation belts), there is no material that exists which can bring the radiation rate down to a reasonable level with a reasonable thickness. Neutrino experiments require as close to absolute silence as possible, and at a depth that dwarfs the sheilding of a simple sheet of lead they still require additional radiation detectors to identify events caused by cosmic radiation that gets past.

Thanks you for the explanation. There are a few things to consider, though. Like for example, the use of Nuvistors, which were already being used in early days of space age. They’re like miniature tubes, but with ver low heating required. They’re no semiconductors and are radiation proof, just like real tubes. Then secondly, the mass argument. It’s all about rocket starts and money, I think. That might be worth keeping in mind, maybe. Because by the the time the Voyagers were under construction, NASA’s budget was being reduced already. Apollo had been canceled around same time, too. On other hand, in a fly by maneuver, the additional mass can be used for better acceleration. The radiation shielding is most important for the computer system, also, I suppose. Like that CMOS RAM. Other systems may not require such shielding if they’re being based on tube technology. The cameras, for example, were using Vidicon technology or a technology derived from it. A CCD camera would have been damaged quickly in same environment.

Nuvistors were a nice alternative for single transistors. They wouldn’t have helped with any of the failures that occurred to the Voyagers.

Can you imagine a 64kBit memory (such as the Voyagers used) made of Nuvistors? That’s at least 64000 Nuvistors.

This document gives a weight of 1.9 grams per Nuvistor. Assuming you could get the weight down to 1 gram, that’s still 64 kilograms for the Nuvistors alone.

https://frank.pocnet.net/other/RCA/RCA_Nuvistors_NIT140.pdf

“Nuvistors were a nice alternative for single transistors. They wouldn’t have helped with any of the failures that occurred to the Voyagers.”

Not in same design, but considering that early satellites had been using discreet TTL chips..

It would be an alternative technology, still. A simpler, generational probe could be built using nuvistors. .

The goid thing about Nuvistors was that it incorporates the good parts of both tubes and transistors.

They’re often being more reliable than traditional tubes, too.

“Can you imagine a 64kBit memory (such as the Voyagers used) made of Nuvistors? That’s at least 64000 Nuvistors.”

Not in that size. But a 256 Byte memory could be built using it.

If the actual program was being stored in non-volatile core memory, it could last for decades or centuries.

Even if core memory was being too limited for daily use, it could be used to store a backup program for emergency use.

“This document gives a weight of 1.9 grams per Nuvistor. Assuming you could get the weight down to 1 gram, that’s still 64 kilograms for the Nuvistors alone.”

Just clad the thing with Mars colonising astronauts, I hear they are abolutely radiation-proof! :)

I knew it had to be a RAM issue.

“Voyager 1 Issue Tracked Down To Defective Memory Chip”

Well, considering it was launched in 1977 and built a few years before that for testing, I would say it wasn’t defective, just worn out due to high radiation levels and no maintenance after launch.

There’s a great documentary on the small remaining Voyager flight crew. Some have been on it for their entire careers. It’s Quieter in the Twilight. Recommended

The manufacturer will repair/replace the chip for free, but the unit has to be returned to the service center at owner’s expense.

And sending a service technician out there would be pretty expensive too.

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Going Deeper Underground: Photographer Alexey Fokin on the Moscow Metro

Moscow’s metro system is mainly known as being one of the most beautiful in the world, but photographer and actor-in-training Alexey Fokin (1995) is more interested in the gritty, human side of it. Born and raised in Russia’s hectic capital, he knows the city inside-out, and loves to go underground to capture the diverse faces of this metropolis.

Whereas most sane people would try to avoid the chaotic rush hour in the subway, Alexey enjoys getting up early, taking his camera, and capturing Muscovites making their way to work. “People are rude, everybody wants to sit down, and you’ll see faces looking like they want to kill somebody. And themselves,” he laughs, “but then suddenly, there’s a smile.” Preferring the busy stations in the city centre which connect two or more of the 14 lines, he walks through the tunnels, rides the escalators, and boards the trains – looking for scenes worth shooting.

It is hard to imagine that Alexey only took up photography two years ago. But his shots effortlessly show what life inside one of the world’s busiest metro systems is like. They display everything you expect, and more. The lovers, the cleaner, the babushka, the businessman, the tourist, the youngster, the beggar, the child. They tell you their stories with their eyes, their newspapers, their pets, their musical instruments, their flowers, their groceries, their phones, their clothes. Some with the stunning architectural backdrop of the famous stations, others in sober and at first sight unnoteworthy settings.

He likes to think of the Moscow subway as an underground metropolis in itself, as “another city with other rules”. Even though he considers it to be different from its actual streets, this subsurface universe reflects the many different faces of the capital: “Maybe poor, maybe homeless, maybe with money: all of them in one place, where they are just looking for each other, sometimes confused. So many lines of love you can find there.”

With over 200 stations and countless kilometres of underground streets, Alexey notices that people behave in ways they wouldn’t above ground. You can find people – and animals – who actually live in Moscow’s parallel world. They are smoking on the trains, drinking, getting very intimate, feeling like ‘normal’ behavioural codes do not apply to life underneath the surface.

As he is currently in his last year of acting school, Alexey is busy every day from early in the morning until late at night. But his free time is inseparable from his camera, and his intention is to make a collected photo essay about life in different metros worldwide.

Until then, he continues to show how the metro is quintessentially part of Moscow culture. He believes that everyone in Moscow has a metro story, and he does a damn good job in telling several of them through his captivating work.

©AlexeyFokin @fokinman

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Random Moscow Address

This generator allows you to get random addresses in Moscow. Each address contains valid street address, county, state and post/zipcode.

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