Traveling Careers in Zoology

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What Is the Worst Part of Being a Zoologist?

Advantages & disadvantages of a job in marine biology, what are the benefits of being a zoologist.

  • Aquatic Science Careers
  • List of Careers in Nature Conservation

Zoologists study and report on the behavior, features and habitats of animals. To fully learn about and appreciate animals, many zoologists observe and collect information while in the animals' territory. Thus, a zoology career will likely take you on trips – perhaps across countries, continents or oceans. Wherever you work as a zoologist or animal biologist, your efforts will likely raise awareness of animals and the challenges they face.

Imparting Knowledge to Students

Universities and colleges hire zoologists to teach courses and perform research. If you take the academic route, you may spend significant time traveling to and studying habitats. For example, your work outside the classroom may include collecting information on how sea animals decompose sediment and other matter. You can then deliver your knowledge through classroom lectures, academic journals or textbooks. College faculty positions are highly competitive. You typically must earn a doctorate in zoology or a related field, though some colleges may accept master's degree holders.

Touring For the Environment

Ecotourism workers highlight natural areas and promote their conservation. With a zoology or marine biology background, you can lead tours of national parks, wildlife reserves and habitats – especially of the marine, coastal and tropical variety. As a zoologist, you might travel internationally for organizations that help developing countries provide environmentally responsible tourism.

Front Lines of Conservation

Your fieldwork for nonprofits and government agencies may provide the seeds for conservation initiatives. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, state and federal government agencies, such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, employed approximately seven in 10 zoologists in 2010. These government positions afford you opportunities to contribute to wildlife management and conservation. Your interests in marine animals might lead you on expeditions to save beached whales or animals whose habitats have been disturbed. The work of marine biologists may lead to rules and standards to mitigate the effects of coastal development on animals.

Traveling With the Animals

If you concentrate in animal behavior, you can land a job as an animal trainer with a circus, carnival, fair or a group with touring animal exhibitions. Your work may include ensuring that animals are fed and receive medical care if necessary. Since these employers exhibit animals, you must comply with federal laws concerning animal welfare.

Reporting on the Animals

Wildlife organizations, conservation groups and media outlets may seek those with zoologist backgrounds to chronicle animals and their environments. Reporting, video or photography assignments may take you to exotic or remote parts of the planet to observe animals in their natural surroundings. In addition to your zoology background, you likely will need education or experience in journalism, creative writing or producing television, radio or Internet broadcasts.

Braving the Elements

Traveling zoologists face weather that varies according to habitats. Temperatures in the Arctic or tundra regions often dip below zero degrees Fahrenheit; if you study reptiles in the desert, be prepared to see the mercury rise above 100 degrees in the daytime. To fulfill your research assignments, you’ll spend several days, weeks or even months at a time away from home and office. Field work requires considerable physical activity. You'd need swimming skills to study fish in oceans or lakes and stamina and strength to climb mountains or traverse many miles of ground.

Knowing Animals and More

At a minimum, you need a bachelor’s of science in zoology, wildlife biology or ecology for zoology jobs. A master’s degree will help you advance into a management or other higher-level jobs.Your knowledge and skills as a zoologist should include math and computers to analyze data from your field work. You should take, along with zoology courses, ecology, cellular biology, anatomy, chemistry and botany to round out your scientific background.

  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources: Careers in Marine Science
  • University of Wisconsin - Madison: Ecotourism Employee
  • Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior: Careers in Animal Behavior
  • University of Alaska - Anchorage: Job Announcement - Assistant Zoologist
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
  • Weber State University: Careers in Zoology
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Work Environment
  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: What Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists Do

Christopher Raines enjoys sharing his knowledge of business, financial matters and the law. He earned his business administration and law degrees from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. As a lawyer since August 1996, Raines has handled cases involving business, consumer and other areas of the law.

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EnvironmentalScience.org

What is a Zoologist?

do zoologists travel

The world's wildlife is increasingly stressed by human activity. Farming and development have led to habitat loss. Animals are contending with toxic pollutants in their environments, and will be facing threats from climate change. Scientists say we're in the 6th great planetary extinction, called the “Holocene Extinction” - the extinction of the human era. This predicament has made zoologists more important than ever. Zoologists study the physiology of animals, their behavior, and how they interact with other species and their environments. Their knowledge is critical to preserving important habitats and managing wildlife's adaptations to climate change .

What Does a Zoologist Do?

Zoology is the study of animals and their behavior. Zoologists may study a particular species or group of species, either in the wild or in captivity.

Zoologists study animals and their interactions with ecosystems. They study their physical characteristics, diets, behaviors, and the impacts humans have on them. They study all kinds of animals, both in their natural habitats and in captivity in zoos and aquariums. They may specialize in studying a particular animal or animal group.

Zoologists may be involved in a wide variety of duties in various environments. For example they may observe and study animals in their natural environments, or plan and conduct experiments involving animals in nature, in zoos, or in other controlled areas. They may also collect biological specimens and measure physical characteristics. These studies are generally aimed at investigating animal behavior, migration, interactions with other species, and reproduction, as well as the pests, diseases, toxins, and habitat changes that affect them. They use the information they gather to monitor and estimate populations, address invasive species and other threats, control disease, manage hunting programs, and develop conservation plans. They also write reports and journal articles and give presentations to share their findings.

Zoologists also use geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS) to track the movements of animals and map their habitat ranges. They also use modeling software to project future scenarios, such as habitat range changes due to climate change.

Their efforts are critical to protecting endangered species and other wildlife from the pressures of habitat loss, disease, invasive species, and climate change.

Where Does a Zoologist Work?

Some zoologists work for zoos, wildlife centers, wildlife parks, and aquariums, where they manage the animals' care, their distribution, and their enclosures. They may also help breeding programs restore wild populations.

Zoologists also work for wildlife conservation groups, where they may help rehabilitate and release animals, plan conservation and ecotourism initiatives involving local communities, or lobby governments on policy.

Other zoologists research new vermin control drugs or veterinary medicines for pharmaceutical companies. Some work as museum curators, where they manage specimens, conduct research, and educate the public. Others are faculty members in academia.

Zoologists work in offices and laboratories. Some like Jane Goodall or Diane Fossey spend much of their time outdoors studying animals in their natural habitats, which may be quite remote. While travel can be a significant perk, this type of work can also be strenuous and isolating.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), as of 2012, most zoologists and wildlife biologists (34%) were employed in state government. 24% were employed by the federal government. Another 10% worked in research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences. 7% worked in management, scientific, and technical consulting services, and 6% worked for state colleges, universities, and professional schools. 4% were employed by local government.

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work full time. They may work long or irregular hours when doing fieldwork, and those studying nocturnal animals may need to work at night.

What Is the Average Zoologist Salary?

As of May 2020, the median salary for zoologists and wildlife biologists was $66,350. At $81,530, those in the federal government earned the highest median salary. They were followed by zoologists employed in research and development ($71,300) and management, scientific, and technical consulting services ($69,490).*

Zoology Jobs & Job Description

Duties vary significantly from job to job, but the following list includes typical job duties one might encounter as a zoologist:

  • Analyze the lifecycle of animals as well as their function in terms of the overall ecosystem in which they are a part
  • Conduct population assessments of species using field methods or GIS technology
  • Collect, process, and prepare specimens for study
  • Analyze data and experimental observations and evaluate study results
  • Prepare and publish scientific papers to report findings
  • Act as advocate and spokesperson for wildlife and ecosystem concerns within their scope of specialty
  • Interact with other scientists, professionals, and advocacy groups to preserve and monitor habitats and populations
  • Draft reports and presentations
  • Collect samples and conduct observational research in the lab, the field, and protected environments
  • Make sure data/specimen collection and record keeping is accurate and adheres to relevant safety procedures
  • Communicate with national, regional and international initiatives in order to share information and assessment data
  • Continually review current research and scientific literature in the field
  • Consult on and implement habitat mitigation and remediation measures
  • Consult on environmental and site assessments as they affect wildlife biology
  • Travel to temporary field assignments in remote locations
  • Conduct and/or oversee wildlife population surveys
  • Provide technical expertise related to wildlife survey design
  • Prepare wildlife management plans
  • Monitor trends in wildlife populations

Senior zoologists will likely be offered the role of team lead at some point in their career. Some of the additional tasks that accompany this tier-2 position are:

  • Overseeing paperwork and analyzing data for reporting purposes
  • Communicating with clients, government departments, colleagues, and experts in the field via verbal and written reports
  • Preparing and reviewing articles and papers based on research findings
  • Planning and scheduling research trips
  • Designing budgets and timelines for lab and field teams
  • Serve as point of contact for peer-review data inquiries
  • Consult with agency working groups
  • Review records, reports, and assessments on behalf of the team
  • Coordinate technical details for a range of interdisciplinary projects
  • Navigate environmental regulations and environmental approvals processes
  • Manage and consult about endangered species populations
  • Manage and advocate to a variety of stakeholders regarding species conservation, protection, and rehabilitation
  • Evaluate national and international wildlife initiatives
  • Participate in meetings with government agencies, consultants, and engineers

What Is the Job Demand for Zoologists?

Jobs for zoologists and wildlife biologists are projected to grow 5% between 2020 and 2030, which is slower than average for all occupations.* Retirements will open up some opportunities in this field. However, government budgets will govern demand for zoology jobs in the public sector.

Competition for jobs is very strong. Candidates with practical experience gained through volunteer work for zoos, wildlife rehabilitation centers, and nonprofit organizations will have the best opportunities.

How Do I Get a Zoology Degree?

Entry-level positions require at least a bachelor's degree. Zoologists typically earn degrees in zoology, wildlife biology, ecology, or general biology. Coursework often includes classes on animal behavior and physiology, parasitology, virology, ecology, chemistry, mathematics, and statistical software. Students may also take courses in a particular area of specialty. Research and faculty positions require a Ph.D. Outdoors skills can also be very helpful. Experience with backpacking, camping, and wilderness survival can set a candidate apart.

What Are the Different Branches of Zoology?

Many zoologists dedicate their careers to studying a particular species or animal group. For example:

  • Cetologists study marine mammals, such as whales, dolphins, and seals.
  • Entomologists specialize in insects, such as ants and spiders.
  • Herpetologists work with reptiles and amphibians such as alligators, salamanders, and frogs.
  • Ichthyologists focus on wild fish, such as Rainbow Trout and the Least Chub.
  • Mammalogists study mammals, such as deer, wolves, chimpanzees and giraffes.
  • Parasitologists research the parasites that plague other wildlife, such as ticks, and how they affect their host species.
  • Ornithologists study birds such as the endangered California Condor.
  • Ethologists specialize in animal behavior.
  • Paleozoologists study fossil remains to investigate the evolutionary history of animals.

Other Degrees Related to Zoology

  • Geospatial Intelligence Analytics Degrees
  • Anthropology Bachelor's Degree Online Programs
  • Meteorology Online Degree and Certificate
  • Biomimicry Degrees - Online and Campus
  • Geodesign Online Degree Info

What Kind of Societies and Professional Organizations Do Zoologists Have?

  • The Wildlife Society facilitates networking of wildlife professionals through magazines and journals, an e-newsletter, an annual conference, and working groups. It also administers professional certification for wildlife biologists.
  • The Association of Zoos and Aquariums is a network of more than 6,000 zoo and aquarium professionals and organizations. It offers animal management information, business benchmarking data, conference proceedings, grants and more.

Other Recommended Resources

  • Zoological Association of America
  • International Society of Zoological Sciences

*2020 US Bureau of Labor Statistics salary figures and job growth projections for zoologists and wildlife biologists reflect national data not school-specific information. Conditions in your area may vary. Data accessed September 2021.

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Zoologist or Wildlife Biologist

Zoologists and wildlife biologists study animals and other wildlife and how they interact with their ecosystems. They study the physical characteristics of animals, animal behaviors, and the impacts humans have on wildlife and natural habitats.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically do the following:

  • Develop and conduct experimental studies with animals in controlled or natural surroundings
  • Collect biological data and specimens for analysis
  • Study the characteristics of animals, such as their interactions with other species, reproduction, population dynamics, diseases, and movement patterns
  • Analyze the influence that human activity has on wildlife and their natural habitats
  • Research, initiate, and maintain ways of improving breeding programs that support healthy game animals, endangered species, or other wild populations of land or aquatic life
  • Estimate, monitor, and manage wildlife populations and invasive plants and animals
  • Develop and implement programs to reduce risk to human activities from wildlife and invasive species, such as keeping wildlife from impacting airport operations or livestock and crop production
  • Write research papers, reports, and scholarly articles that explain their findings
  • Give presentations on research findings to academics and the general public
  • Develop conservation plans and make recommendations on wildlife conservation and management issues to policymakers and the general public

Zoologists and wildlife biologists perform a variety of scientific tests and experiments. For example, they take blood samples from animals to assess their nutrition levels, check animals for disease and parasites, and tag animals in order to track them. Although the roles and abilities of zoologists and wildlife biologists often overlap, zoologists typically conduct scientific investigations and basic research on particular types of animals, such as birds or amphibians, whereas wildlife biologists are more likely to study specific ecosystems or animal populations, such as a particular at-risk species. Wildlife biologists also do applied work, such as the conservation and management of wildlife populations.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists use geographic information systems (GIS), modeling software, and other computer programs to estimate wildlife populations and track the movements of animals. They also use these computer programs to forecast the spread of invasive species or diseases, project changes in the availability of habitat, and assess other potential threats to wildlife.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists conduct research for a variety of purposes. For example, many zoologists and wildlife biologists work to increase our knowledge and understanding of wildlife species. Traditionally, many wildlife biologists researched ways to encourage abundant game animal populations to support recreational hunting and tourism. Today, many also work with public officials in conservation efforts that protect species from threats and help animal populations return to and remain at sustainable levels.

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work on research teams with other scientists and technicians. For example, zoologists and wildlife biologists may work with environmental scientists and hydrologists to monitor water pollution and its effects on fish populations.

Zoologists generally specialize first in either vertebrates or invertebrates and then in specific species. Following are some examples of specialization by species:

  • Cetologists study marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins.
  • Entomologists study insects, such as beetles and butterflies.
  • Herpetologists study reptiles and amphibians, such as snakes and frogs.
  • Ichthyologists study wild fish, such as sharks and lungfish.
  • Malacologists study mollusks, such as snails and clams.
  • Mammalogists study mammals, such as monkeys and bears.
  • Ornithologists study birds, such as hawks and penguins.
  • Teuthologists study cephalopods, such as octopuses and cuttlefish.

Other zoologists and wildlife biologists are identified by the aspects of zoology and wildlife biology they study, such as evolution and animal behavior. Following are some examples:

  • Anatomy is the study of structure of organisms and their parts.
  • Embryology is the study of the development of embryos and fetuses.
  • Ethology, sometimes called behavioral ecology, is the study of animal behaviors as natural or adaptive traits.
  • Histology, or microscopic anatomy, is the study of cells and tissues in plants and animals.
  • Physiology is the study of the normal function of living systems.
  • Soil zoology is the study of animals which live fully or partially in the soil.
  • Teratology is the study of abnormal physiological development.
  • Zoography is the study of descriptive zoology, and describes plants and animals.

Many people with a zoology and wildlife biology background become high school teachers or college or university professors. For more information, see the profiles on high school teachers and postsecondary teachers.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists held about 17,100 jobs in 2021. The largest employers of zoologists and wildlife biologists were as follows:

Zoologists and wildlife biologists work in offices, laboratories, and outdoors. Depending on their job and interests, they may spend considerable time in the field gathering data and studying animals in their natural habitats. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend very little time in the field.

Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. For example, cetologists studying whale populations may spend months at sea on a research ship. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend significant amounts of time in deserts or remote mountainous and woodland regions. The ability to travel and study nature firsthand is often viewed as a benefit of working in these occupations, but few modern amenities may be available to those who travel in remote areas.

Fieldwork can be physically demanding, and zoologists and wildlife biologists work in both warm and cold climates and in all types of weather. For example, ornithologists who study penguins in Antarctica may need to spend significant amounts of time in cold weather and on ships, which may cause seasickness. In all environments, working as a zoologist or wildlife biologist can be emotionally demanding because interpersonal contact may be limited.

Injuries and Illnesses

Some zoologists and wildlife biologists handle wild animals or spend significant amounts of time outdoors in difficult terrain or in inclement weather. To avoid injury, they should use caution when handling wildlife or working in remote areas.

Work Schedules

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work full time. They may work long or irregular hours, especially when doing fieldwork. Zoologists and wildlife biologists who work with nocturnal animals may need to work at night at least some of the time.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need a bachelor’s degree for entry-level positions and may need a master’s degree for higher level jobs. A Ph.D. is typically needed for leading independent research and for university research positions.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need a bachelor’s degree to enter the occupation. Students may pursue a degree in zoology, wildlife biology, or a related field, such as natural resources. Some students major in biology and take coursework in zoology and wildlife biology.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need at least a master’s degree for higher level investigative or scientific work. A Ph.D. is necessary for most independent research and university research positions.

Coursework in life and physical sciences often includes academic, laboratory, and field work. In addition, students may need to take mathematics and statistics to learn data analysis.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically have an interest in the Building and Thinking interest areas, according to the Holland Code framework. The Building interest area indicates a focus on working with tools and machines, and making or fixing practical things. The Thinking interest area indicates a focus on researching, investigating, and increasing the understanding of natural laws.

If you are not sure whether you have a Building or Thinking interest which might fit with a career as a zoologist and wildlife biologist, you can take a career test to measure your interests.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists should also possess the following specific qualities:

Communication skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists write scientific papers and give talks to the public, policy makers, and academics.

Critical-thinking skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists need sound reasoning and judgment to draw conclusions from experimental results and scientific observations.

Emotional stamina and stability. Zoologists and wildlife biologists may need to endure long periods of time with little human contact. As with other occupations that deal with animals, emotional stability is important when working with injured or sick animals.

Interpersonal skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically work on teams. They must be able to work effectively with others to achieve their goals or negotiate conflicting goals.

Observation skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists must be able to notice slight changes in an animal’s characteristics, such as their behavior or appearance.

Outdoor skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists may need to chop firewood, swim in cold water, navigate rough terrain in poor weather, or perform other activities associated with life in remote areas.

Problem-solving skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists try to find the best possible solutions to threats that affect wildlife, such as disease and habitat loss.

The median annual wage for zoologists and wildlife biologists was $64,650 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $42,420, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $103,900.

In May 2021, the median annual wages for zoologists and wildlife biologists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work full time. They may work long or irregular hours, especially when doing fieldwork.

Employment of zoologists and wildlife biologists is projected to show little or no change from 2021 to 2031.

Despite limited employment growth, about 1,500 openings for zoologists and wildlife biologists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Most of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire. 

Demand for zoologists and wildlife biologists may be limited by budgetary constraints, as jobs and funding for these workers often come from state, federal, and local governments. However, some  zoologists and wildlife biologists are expected to be needed to help combat the loss of biodiversity caused by human activities, as well as to research climate-driven ecosystem changes. These workers also may be needed to develop and implement conservation plans to reduce threats to animals and protect natural resources.

For more information about zoologists and wildlife biologists, visit

The Wildlife Society

Association of Zoos and Aquariums

American Society of Mammalogists

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

Ornithological Societies of North America

Zoological Association of America

For more information about issues in zoology and wildlife biology, visit

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Geographical Survey

National Park Service

For more information about careers in botany, visit

Botanical Society of America

For more information about careers in ecology, visit

Ecological Society of America

For information on federal government education requirements for zoologists and wildlife biologists, visit

U.S. Office of Personnel Management

To find job openings for zoologists and wildlife biologists in the federal government, visit

Where does this information come from?

The career information above is taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook . This excellent resource for occupational data is published by the U.S. Department of Labor every two years. Truity periodically updates our site with information from the BLS database.

I would like to cite this page for a report. Who is the author?

There is no published author for this page. Please use citation guidelines for webpages without an author available. 

I think I have found an error or inaccurate information on this page. Who should I contact?

This information is taken directly from the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Truity does not editorialize the information, including changing information that our readers believe is inaccurate, because we consider the BLS to be the authority on occupational information. However, if you would like to correct a typo or other technical error, you can reach us at [email protected] .

I am not sure if this career is right for me. How can I decide?

There are many excellent tools available that will allow you to measure your interests, profile your personality, and match these traits with appropriate careers. On this site, you can take the Career Personality Profiler assessment, the Holland Code assessment, or the Photo Career Quiz .

Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Career, salary and education information.

What They Do : Zoologists and wildlife biologists study animals and other wildlife and how they interact with their ecosystems.

Work Environment : Zoologists and wildlife biologists work in offices, laboratories, or outdoors. Depending on their job, they may spend considerable time in the field gathering data and studying animals in their natural habitats.

How to Become One : Zoologists and wildlife biologists need a bachelor’s degree for entry-level positions; a master’s degree is often needed for higher-level investigative or scientific work. A Ph.D. is necessary to lead independent research and for most university research positions.

    Salary : The median annual wage for zoologists and wildlife biologists is $64,650.

Job Outlook : Employment of zoologists and wildlife biologists is projected to show little or no change over the next ten years.

Related Careers : Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of zoologists and wildlife biologists with similar occupations.

Following is everything you need to know about a career as a Zoologist or Wildlife Biologist with lots of details. As a first step, take a look at some of the following jobs, which are real jobs with real employers. You will be able to see the very real job career requirements for employers who are actively hiring. The link will open in a new tab so that you can come back to this page to continue reading about the career:

Top 3 Wildlife Biologist Jobs

About being our Wildlife Biologist - On Call This position would primarily support work generated by our Environmental Group based out of the Orange County and Pasadena offices, but may also support ...

Minimum of a bachelor's degree in biology , botany, wildlife , ecology, environmental sciences, or related degree * Minimum of five years of experience as a biologist * Track record in producing high ...

Master's or PhD degree (preferred) or Bachelor's degree (considered) in fish or wildlife biology , ecology, natural resources management, or related discipline * Experience in any of the following

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What Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists Do [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Zoologists and wildlife biologists study animals and other wildlife and how they interact with their ecosystems. They study the physical characteristics of animals, animal behaviors, and the impacts humans have on wildlife and natural habitats.

Duties of Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically do the following:

  • Develop and conduct experimental studies with animals in controlled or natural surroundings
  • Collect biological data and specimens for analysis
  • Study the characteristics of animals, such as their interactions with other species, reproduction, population dynamics, diseases, and movement patterns
  • Analyze the influence that human activity has on wildlife and their natural habitats
  • Research, initiate, and maintain ways of improving breeding programs that support healthy game animals, endangered species, or other wild populations of land or aquatic life
  • Estimate, monitor, and manage wildlife populations and invasive plants and animals
  • Develop and implement programs to reduce risk to human activities from wildlife and invasive species, such as keeping wildlife from impacting airport operations or livestock and crop production
  • Write research papers, reports, and scholarly articles that explain their findings
  • Give presentations on research findings to academics and the general public
  • Develop conservation plans and make recommendations on wildlife conservation and management issues to policymakers and the general public

Zoologists and wildlife biologists perform a variety of scientific tests and experiments. For example, they take blood samples from animals to assess their nutrition levels, check animals for disease and parasites, and tag animals in order to track them. Although the roles and abilities of zoologists and wildlife biologists often overlap, zoologists typically conduct scientific investigations and basic research on particular types of animals, such as birds or amphibians, whereas wildlife biologists are more likely to study specific ecosystems or animal populations, such as a particular at-risk species. Wildlife biologists also do applied work, such as the conservation and management of wildlife populations.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists use geographic information systems (GIS), modeling software, and other computer programs to estimate wildlife populations and track the movements of animals. They also use these computer programs to forecast the spread of invasive species or diseases, project changes in the availability of habitat, and assess other potential threats to wildlife.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists conduct research for a variety of purposes. For example, many zoologists and wildlife biologists work to increase our knowledge and understanding of wildlife species. Traditionally, many wildlife biologists researched ways to encourage abundant game animal populations to support recreational hunting and tourism. Today, many also work with public officials in conservation efforts that protect species from threats and help animal populations return to and remain at sustainable levels.

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work on research teams with other scientists and technicians. For example, zoologists and wildlife biologists may work with environmental scientists and hydrologists to monitor water pollution and its effects on fish populations.

Zoologists generally specialize first in either vertebrates or invertebrates and then in specific species. Following are some examples of specialization by species:

  • Cetologists study marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins.
  • Entomologists study insects, such as beetles and butterflies.
  • Herpetologists study reptiles and amphibians, such as snakes and frogs.
  • Ichthyologists study wild fish, such as sharks and lungfish.
  • Malacologists study mollusks, such as snails and clams.
  • Mammalogists study mammals, such as monkeys and bears.
  • Ornithologists study birds, such as hawks and penguins.
  • Teuthologists study cephalopods, such as octopuses and cuttlefish.

Other zoologists and wildlife biologists are identified by the aspects of zoology and wildlife biology they study, such as evolution and animal behavior. Following are some examples:

  • Anatomy is the study of structure of organisms and their parts.
  • Embryology is the study of the development of embryos and fetuses.
  • Ethology, sometimes called behavioral ecology, is the study of animal behaviors as natural or adaptive traits.
  • Histology, or microscopic anatomy, is the study of cells and tissues in plants and animals.
  • Physiology is the study of the normal function of living systems.
  • Soil zoology is the study of animals which live fully or partially in the soil.
  • Teratology is the study of abnormal physiological development.
  • Zoography is the study of descriptive zoology, and describes plants and animals.

Many people with a zoology and wildlife biology background become high school teachers or college or university professors. For more information, see the profiles on high school teachers and postsecondary teachers .

Work Environment for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Zoologists and wildlife biologists hold about 17,100 jobs. The largest employers of zoologists and wildlife biologists are as follows:

Zoologists and wildlife biologists work in offices, laboratories, and outdoors. Depending on their job and interests, they may spend considerable time in the field gathering data and studying animals in their natural habitats. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend very little time in the field.

Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. For example, cetologists studying whale populations may spend months at sea on a research ship. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend significant amounts of time in deserts or remote mountainous and woodland regions. The ability to travel and study nature firsthand is often viewed as a benefit of working in these occupations, but few modern amenities may be available to those who travel in remote areas.

Fieldwork can be physically demanding, and zoologists and wildlife biologists work in both warm and cold climates and in all types of weather. For example, ornithologists who study penguins in Antarctica may need to spend significant amounts of time in cold weather and on ships, which may cause seasickness. In all environments, working as a zoologist or wildlife biologist can be emotionally demanding because interpersonal contact may be limited.

Injuries and Illnesses for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Some zoologists and wildlife biologists handle wild animals or spend significant amounts of time outdoors in difficult terrain or in inclement weather. Rates of illness and injury for these workers is not high, but precautions should be taken when handling wildlife or working in remote areas.

Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist Work Schedules

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work full time. They may work long or irregular hours, especially when doing fieldwork. Zoologists and wildlife biologists who work with nocturnal animals may need to work at night at least some of the time.

How to Become a Zoologist or Wildlife Biologist [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Get the education you need: Find schools for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists near you!

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need a bachelor's degree for entry-level positions; a master's degree is often needed for higher level investigative or scientific work. A Ph.D. is necessary to lead independent research and for most university research positions.

Education for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need at least a bachelor's degree. Many schools offer bachelor's degree programs in zoology and wildlife biology or in a closely related field, such as ecology. An undergraduate degree in biology with coursework in zoology and wildlife biology also is good preparation for a career as a zoologist or wildlife biologist.

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically need at least a master's degree for higher level investigative or scientific work. A Ph.D. is necessary for the majority of independent research positions and for university research positions. Most Ph.D.-level researchers need to be familiar with computer programming and statistical software.

Students typically take zoology and wildlife biology courses in ecology, anatomy, wildlife management, and cellular biology. They also take courses that focus on a particular group of animals, such as herpetology (reptiles and amphibians) or ornithology (birds). Courses in botany, chemistry, and physics are important because zoologists and wildlife biologists must have a well-rounded scientific background. Wildlife biology programs may focus on applied techniques in habitat analysis and conservation. Students also should take courses in mathematics and statistics, given that zoologists and wildlife biologists must be able to do complex data analysis.

Knowledge of computers is important because zoologists and wildlife biologists frequently use advanced computer software, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and modeling software, to do their work.

Important Qualities for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Communication skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists write scientific papers and give talks to the public, policymakers, and academics.

Critical-thinking skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists need sound reasoning and judgment to draw conclusions from experimental results and scientific observations.

Emotional stamina and stability. Zoologists and wildlife biologists may need to endure long periods with little human contact. As with other occupations that deal with animals, emotional stability is important in working with injured or sick animals.

Interpersonal skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically work on teams. They must be able to work effectively with others to achieve their goals or to negotiate conflicting goals.

Observation skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists must be able to notice slight changes in an animal's behavior or appearance.

Outdoor skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists may need to chop firewood, swim in cold water, navigate rough terrain in poor weather, carry heavy packs or equipment long distances, or perform other activities associated with life in remote areas.

Problem-solving skills. Zoologists and wildlife biologists try to find the best possible solutions to threats that affect wildlife, such as disease and habitat loss.

Other Experience for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Some zoologists and wildlife biologists may need to have well-rounded outdoor skills. They may need to be able to drive a tractor, boat, or ATV, use a generator, or provide for themselves in remote locations.

Many zoology and wildlife biology students gain practical experience through internships, volunteer work, or some other type of employment during college or soon after graduation.

Advancement for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Zoologists and wildlife biologists typically receive greater responsibility and independence in their work as they gain experience. More education also can lead to greater responsibility. Zoologists and wildlife biologists with a Ph.D. usually lead independent research and control the direction and content of projects. In addition, they may be responsible for finding much of their own funding.

Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist Salaries [ About this section ] [ More salary/earnings info ] [ To Top ]

The median annual wage for zoologists and wildlife biologists is $64,650. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $42,420, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $103,900.

The median annual wages for zoologists and wildlife biologists in the top industries in which they work are as follows:

Most zoologists and wildlife biologists work full time. They may work long or irregular hours, especially when doing fieldwork.

Job Outlook for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Employment of zoologists and wildlife biologists is projected to show little or no change over the next ten years.

Despite limited employment growth, about 1,500 openings for zoologists and wildlife biologists are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Most of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.

Employment of Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Demand for zoologists and wildlife biologists may be limited by budgetary constraints, as jobs and funding for these workers often come from state, federal, and local governments. However, some zoologists and wildlife biologists are expected to be needed to help combat the loss of biodiversity caused by human activities, as well as to research climate-driven ecosystem changes. These workers also may be needed to develop and implement conservation plans to reduce threats to animals and protect natural resources.

Careers Related to Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

Agricultural and food scientists.

Agricultural and food scientists research ways to improve the efficiency and safety of agricultural establishments and products.

Animal Care and Service Workers

Animal care and service workers provide care for animals. They feed, groom, bathe, and exercise pets and other nonfarm animals.

Biochemists and Biophysicists

Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of biological processes, such as cell development, growth, heredity, and disease.

Biological Technicians

Biological technicians help biological and medical scientists conduct laboratory tests and experiments.

Conservation Scientists and Foresters

Conservation scientists and foresters manage the overall land quality of forests, parks, rangelands, and other natural resources.

Environmental Scientists and Specialists

Environmental scientists and specialists use their knowledge of the natural sciences to protect the environment and human health. They may clean up polluted areas, advise policymakers, or work with industry to reduce waste.

Microbiologists

Microbiologists study microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi, and some types of parasites. They try to understand how these organisms live, grow, and interact with their environments.

Postsecondary Teachers

Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books.

Veterinarians

Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to improve public health. They diagnose, treat, and research medical conditions and diseases of pets, livestock, and other animals.

More Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist Information [ About this section ] [ To Top ]

For more information about zoologists and wildlife biologists, visit

The Wildlife Society

Association of Zoos and Aquariums

American Society of Mammalogists

American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

American Ornithological Society

Zoological Association of America

For more information about issues in zoology and wildlife biology, visit

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Geographical Survey

National Park Service

For more information about careers in botany, visit

Botanical Society of America

For more information about careers in ecology, visit

Ecological Society of America

For information on federal government education requirements for zoologists and wildlife biologists, visit

U.S. Office of Personnel Management

A portion of the information on this page is used by permission of the U.S. Department of Labor.

Explore more careers: View all Careers or the Top 30 Career Profiles

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Exploring the World of Traveling Zoologists: Benefits, Challenges, and Tips

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By Happy Sharer

do zoologists travel

Introduction

Zoology is a field of science that studies animals, their behavior, and their environment. The study of zoology can take place in a lab, in the classroom, or even in the wild. For some zoologists, work requires traveling to different parts of the world to observe and study animals in their natural habitats. This article will explore the opportunities available to zoologists who wish to travel, the benefits and challenges they may face along the way, and tips for making the most out of the experience.

What Types of Jobs Require Zoologists to Travel?

Traveling zoologists may find themselves working in various fields, including conservation, research, education, and wildlife management. For example, a zoologist may be hired to lead an expedition to a remote region to identify a species of animal that has yet to be documented. They may also be asked to conduct research on a particular species in order to better understand its behavior and habitat needs. Additionally, zoologists may be employed by zoos, aquariums, and other wildlife facilities to educate visitors about animals and their conservation status.

In addition to these roles, zoologists may also be employed as wildlife photographers, writers, and filmmakers. These positions often require travel in order to capture footage of animals in their natural habitats or to document the effects of human activities on wildlife populations. Working as a traveling zoologist can be a rewarding experience, but it also comes with its own set of unique challenges.

Benefits and Challenges of Working in These Positions

Benefits and Challenges of Working in These Positions

The benefits of working as a traveling zoologist are numerous. For one, zoologists get to explore new places and make connections with people from different cultures. They also have the chance to learn more about the animals they study and gain a deeper understanding of their behaviors and habitats. Additionally, working in these positions provides zoologists with the opportunity to develop their skills and knowledge in a variety of areas, such as research methods, data analysis, fieldwork, and communication.

Of course, there are also challenges associated with working as a traveling zoologist. For instance, zoologists may find it difficult to maintain a healthy work-life balance when they are constantly on the move. Additionally, they may struggle to adjust to unfamiliar environments and climates. Finally, it can be difficult to stay connected to colleagues and other professionals while traveling.

A Day in the Life of a Traveling Zoologist

A Day in the Life of a Traveling Zoologist

The day-to-day life of a traveling zoologist can vary greatly depending on the specific job. However, it typically involves a combination of fieldwork, research, and data analysis. Zoologists may spend their days observing and documenting animal behavior or conducting experiments in the wild. They may also be responsible for collecting samples and analyzing data in order to determine the health of a population or to identify potential threats to a species’ survival. Additionally, they may be required to communicate their findings to other scientists or to the public.

In order to make the most out of their time on the road, zoologists must learn to balance their work and personal life. This includes setting aside time for self-care, such as exercising, eating well, and getting enough sleep. Additionally, zoologists should strive to keep in touch with family and friends back home in order to remain connected and supported.

Exploring the Benefits of Traveling as a Zoologist

Traveling as a zoologist provides many benefits, both professionally and personally. Professionally, zoologists can gain valuable experience by interacting with experts in the field, participating in field research, and attending conferences. Additionally, they can develop their skills in data analysis, communication, and problem-solving. On a personal level, traveling zoologists can take advantage of the opportunity to explore different cultures, meet new people, and immerse themselves in diverse environments.

Dr. William Schmitt, a professor of zoology at the University of Michigan, believes that “traveling as a zoologist provides a unique learning opportunity. It allows you to see things in person that you would never be able to experience in the classroom or lab.” He goes on to say, “It also gives you the opportunity to connect with other professionals in the field and to build relationships that could prove beneficial down the line.”

Common Challenges Faced by Zoologists When Traveling

As with any job, there are certain challenges that come with being a traveling zoologist. One of the most common challenges is adjusting to new and unfamiliar places. Zoologists must learn to navigate foreign cities, understand local customs, and adapt to different climates. Additionally, they must learn to manage their time effectively in order to complete tasks in a timely manner.

Another challenge that zoologists face when traveling is maintaining professional relationships. It can be difficult to stay connected with colleagues and peers while on the move, which can hinder collaboration and the exchange of ideas. Finally, zoologists must also be prepared for unexpected changes in plans and delays due to weather or other factors.

Tips for Making the Most Out of Traveling as a Zoologist

For zoologists who are interested in traveling, there are several steps they can take to make the most out of the experience. The first step is to plan ahead. Zoologists should research their destination, establish contacts in the area, and pack accordingly. Additionally, they should consider connecting with other professionals in the field and attending conferences to learn more about their chosen field.

It is also important for zoologists to take care of their physical and mental health while on the road. This includes getting enough rest, eating healthy meals, and staying active. Finally, zoologists should strive to make the most out of every opportunity by taking advantage of all that their destination has to offer.

How to Prepare for Traveling as a Zoologist

How to Prepare for Traveling as a Zoologist

Traveling as a zoologist can be a rewarding and enlightening experience, but it also requires careful preparation. Zoologists should begin by researching their destination and familiarizing themselves with the local customs and language. Additionally, they should prepare financially by budgeting for their trip and obtaining any necessary visas or permits. Finally, it is important to pack smart. Zoologists should bring only the essential items and leave room for souvenirs.

Traveling as a zoologist can be an incredibly rewarding experience. Not only does it provide zoologists with the opportunity to gain valuable experience and knowledge, but it also allows them to explore new places, meet new people, and make meaningful connections. That said, it is important for zoologists to be aware of the challenges that come with the job, such as adjusting to unfamiliar places and managing time efficiently. With proper planning and preparation, however, zoologists can make the most out of their travels and gain invaluable insights into the world of zoology.

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Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way.

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What Is a Traveling Zoologist?

Researchers in zoology examine animals’ behavior, traits, and environments. Many zoologists spend time in the habitats of the species they study to gather data and gain a deeper understanding of the creatures they study.

You may travel across countries, continents, and oceans as part of your zoology job. All of your efforts to educate the public about animals and the issues they confront are likely to have a positive impact.

A traveling zoologist, like an ecotourism worker, advocates the preservation of natural areas by highlighting their beauty and highlighting their importance and uniqueness.

Leading tours through national parks, animal reserves, and habitats can be a rewarding career path for someone with expertise in zoology or marine biology.

It’s possible to work with groups that promote environmentally friendly tourism in impoverished nations as a zoologist.

Table of Contents

How do zoologists combine teaching and travel?

Teaching and Travel

Higher education institutions employ zoologists to give classes and undertake research. While pursuing a career in academia, you may be required to spend considerable time studying abroad.

While not in class, you could, for example, collect data on the decomposition of silt and other substances by sea organisms.

It’s, therefore, possible to disseminate your information in the form of lectures, academic papers, or textbooks.

There is a lot of competition for college teacher posts. Although some universities may accept master’s degree holders, you normally need to have a doctoral degree in zoology or a similar subject.

Are zoologists highly involved in conservation efforts?

Conservation efforts may be born out of Zoologists’ collaboration with organizations and government entities.

In 2010, seven out of ten zoologists were employed by state or federal government entities, like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

It is possible to make a difference in wildlife preservation and management through these government jobs.

marine biologists

Their passion for marine life leads to rescue missions for beached whales or creatures whose natural habitat has been damaged.

The work of marine biologists could lead to regulations and standards that help species in coastal areas that are being negatively affected by coastal development.

What types of jobs take zoologists on the road?

You can find an animal trainer’s work in a variety of settings, such as a circus, carnival, fair, or in an organization that organizes traveling exhibitions of animals.

Animals may be fed and given medical attention if necessary, as part of their duties. They must adhere to federal animal welfare rules since these employers display animals.

Wildlife organizations, conservation groups, and the media may look for zoologists to document animals and their surroundings.

To watch animals in their native habitat, you may have to go to exotic or remote areas of the world.

As a journalist, creative writer, or producer for television, radio, or the internet, you’ll probably require experience in zoology.

How do zoologists ensure their safety in the field?

Ensure Their Safety

A zoologist’s work can be impacted by the weather they encounter while on the road. When studying amphibians in the desert, they are ready for temperatures to reach above 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the daytime. They are also prepared for sub-zero temps in the Arctic and tundra zones.

They’ll be away from home and work for days, weeks, or even months at a time to complete their research projects.

Fieldwork necessitates a great deal of physical exertion. To research fish in lakes or oceans, they’ll need to be able to swim and have the energy and stamina to rock climb or travel long distances.

What type of background do zoologists need?

Zoology occupations require a bachelor’s degree in zoology, ecology, or wildlife biology. Having a master’s degree will assist you to get a promotion to a higher position in the workplace.

To make sense of the data you collect in the field, a zoologist needs a solid foundation in math and computer science.

You should also take classes in ecology, cellular biology, anatomy, chemistry, and botany to complete your scientific education.

What are the typical duties of zoologists?

typical duties

  • Design and implement a series of experiments using animals in controlled or natural situations.
  • Gather biological specimens and data for further study.
  • Discover how animals interact with one other and with other species, how the population grows, and how diseases spread across the community. Animals as well as their natural environments are affected by human activities.
  • Improve breeding programs for healthy game animals, threatened species, as well as other wildlife groups of land or marine life by conducting research, starting it, and keeping it going.
  • Monitor and control the population of wildlife and invasive species.
  • Protect human activities against animals and introduced species, like protecting flight safety or food and livestock cultivation, by implementing initiatives to reduce risk.
  • Explain your findings in academic papers, presentations, and academic publications.
  • Educate academics and the broader public about the findings of your research.
  • Establish preservation strategies and provide suggestions to legislators and the public at large regarding wildlife management and conservation challenges.

What types of scientific tests and studies do Zoologists conduct?

evaluate their nutritional status

Zoologists conduct a wide range of scientific studies and tests. For example, blood samples are taken from wildlife to evaluate their nutritional status, diseases and parasites are checked on animals and tags are applied to animals to track them, etc.

GIS, software packages, and other technology tools are used by zoologists to assess wildlife numbers and follow animal movements.

Aside from predicting the spread of invasive species as well as illnesses, these computer systems can also be used to project changes in the quantity of habitat as well as evaluate other possible risks to animals.

Why do zoologists do so much research?

There are several reasons why zoologists conduct research. Many zoologists, for instance, strive to better our understanding of various wildlife species through their research.

The majority of zoologists work in groups of researchers and technicians . Fisheries biologists, zoologists, and environmental scientists may collaborate to study the impacts of pollution on fish populations.

Vertebrates or invertebrates are the primary focus of a zoologist’s training, followed by a focus on individual species.

Animal behavior and evolution are two examples of zoological topics that can help you identify a fellow biologist.

What is the zoologist’s work environment like?

wildlife biologists

In 2020, there were roughly 18,500 people working as zoologists. In terms of zoologists and wildlife biologists, the most prominent employers were distributed as follows:

  • 40% of the state’s budget, excluding education and healthcare.
  • 23% of the federal government, excluding the postal service
  • Scientific and technical consultancy services accounted for 9% of the total.
  • 6% of Zoologists work in post-secondary institutions, including public and private colleges and universities.
  • 4% of research and development is in the fields of physics, engineering, and biology.

This profession involves working both inside and outside the laboratory and in the field. They may spend a significant amount of time in the field collecting data while observing wildlife in their native habitat, depending on their employment and personal interests.

Other zoologists may spend little time out in the field.

Do zoologists work in isolated regions?

Zoologists may be required to travel to far-flung regions of the globe as part of their fieldwork.

Cetologists in vessel

Cetologists, for example, might invest months at sea on a research vessel monitoring whale populations.

Zoologists working in deserts or isolated highland and wooded settings may spend large amounts of time there.

It’s common for people in these professions to view the opportunity to travel as well as research nature intimately as a perk, yet distant regions may not have many modern conveniences available.

In the field, zoologists operate in both hot and cold areas as well as in all weather conditions.

As a zoologist, working in any workplace can be emotionally taxing because of the lack of interpersonal contact.

Do zoologists deal with diseases and injuries?

The work of a zoologist may require them to work with wild creatures or spend considerable time outdoors in harsh weather or challenging terrain.

When working with wild animals or in remote locations, they should use extreme caution to prevent damage and injury.

What sort of employment do zoologists have?

Most zoologists are employed full-time. When conducting fieldwork, they may have to put in long or unusual hours.

Zoologists

Zoologists who study creatures that are active at night may have to work through the night on occasion.

A bachelor’s degree is often required for an entry-level career in zoology, whereas a master’s degree may be required for more advanced roles.

If they want to direct their studies or work at a university, a Ph.D. is often required.

What are the education requirements for Zoologists?

Bachelor’s degrees are often required for zoologists. Zoology, wildlife biology, or a closely related topic such as natural resources are all viable options for students.

In certain cases, individuals major in biology as well as specialize in zoology.

Higher-level research and scientific work in zoology normally necessitate a master’s degree at the very least.

For the vast majority of research roles, both in academia and the private sector, a Ph.D. is required.

The academic, research lab and site visits are common components of courses in the biological and physical sciences.

Data analysis may necessitate additional coursework in mathematics and statistics.

What criteria do zoologists need for job consideration?

Criteria

The ability to communicate . In addition to publishing scholarly publications, zoologists frequently speak to politicians, the general public, and other academics.

Analytical abilities . To draw inferences from experimental data and scientific observations, zoologists must use solid reasoning and judgment.

Stamina and steadiness in one’s emotional well-being . Zoologists can spend long periods without any human contact.

Dealing with injured or sick wildlife necessitates a certain level of emotional stamina, just like in any other job involving animals.

The ability to interact with others . Teamwork is common among zoologists. If they are to succeed, they will need to be able to effectively collaborate with others to resolve conflicts of interest.

Ability to pay attention. Even the smallest shifts in an animal’s behavior or appearance must be obvious to zoologists.

The ability to function in the natural world . Zoologists may have to cut firewood, swim in frigid water, cross rugged terrain in severe weather, lift heavy loads or gear long distances, or undertake other chores connected with living in isolated regions.

Ability to think beyond the box . Researchers in the field of zoology are constantly looking for the best ways to protect wildlife from challenges like disease and habitat degradation.

What is the job outlook for zoologists?

Zoologists’ employment is only expected to rise by 5% between 2020 and 2030, which is slower than the trend for all jobs.

Outlook

Over the next decade, there’s an expected average of 1,700 zoologist job vacancies per year. For the most part, these vacancies are due to the necessity to replace employees who move into new fields of employment or leave the workforce altogether for various reasons.

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This question is about zoologist salaries .

Do zoologists travel?

Yes, zoologists travel. Zoologists can work in offices, laboratories, or outdoor facilities. They are responsible for studying and reporting on animal behaviors, features, and habitats. Zoologists may lead tours in national parks, work in wildlife reserves, or work on the front lines of conservation.

It is not uncommon for a zoologist to travel internationally for organizations that help developing countries and work on wildlife management and conservation. Zoologists may travel on expeditions to save beached whales or animals whose habitats have been disturbed by a natural disaster.

It is also possible to work as an animal trainer (particularly if you focus on animal behavior) and travel with organizations like a circus or carnival. You would ensure that the animals are fed, safe, and receive proper medical care, if necessary. You will ensure that the company complies with all federal laws concerning animal welfare.

Zoologists will be exposed to a wide variety of elements and will face weather that varies according to the habitats they are studying. Temperatures in the Arctic or tundra can dip well below zero degrees Fahrenheit. In contrast, studying reptiles in the desert can expose you to temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the daytime.

Zoologists will often spend several weeks or even months away from home. Fieldwork will require considerable physical activity, and you may need skills like swimming or hiking to obtain your data.

For some long-term research projects (e.g., Antarctica), it is possible to be "in the field" for several months or years.

Do zoologists travel?

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Zoologist Jobs

Learn more about zoologist jobs.

What do zoologists do on a daily basis?

What do zoologists do on a daily basis?

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What is the demand for zoologists?

What should I study to become a zoologist?

What should I study to become a zoologist?

What companies hire zoologists?

What companies hire zoologists?

What are the pros and cons of being a zoologist?

What are the pros and cons of being a zoologist?

What degree do you need to work at a zoo?

What degree do you need to work at a zoo?

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Study Zoology: All you need to know

do zoologists travel

Photo by Diego Madrigal

🦒 What can I expect to study in a Zoology Bachelor’s programme?

As with most science courses, in a Zoology Bachelors, you will start broad and narrow down your speciality as you go. In the first year, you can expect to study general biology (including microbiology) and chemistry, as well as some broad topics such as ecology and environmental science.

After the first year you will study topics such as (but not limited to):

  • Genetics, embryology
  • Evolution, paleobiology
  • Epigenetics, environmental physiology
  • Animal husbandry, behaviour, enrichment
  • Conservation, ecology, biodiversity
  • Freshwater biology, marine biology
  • Entomology, ornithology, herpetology, parasitology
  • Ethics, experiment and research skills, data handling

A Zoology BSc programme will typically last 3 to 4 years. Expect a mix of classroom learning, laboratory work and field work. Entry requirements will differ depending on the university, but you can expect to need passing grades in biology, maths, and a second science such as geography or chemistry.

Keep in mind that not many universities offer programmes wholly dedicated to Zoology. You may have to study Biology and focus on Zoology through electives. Check the compulsory and optional modules to see how well they align with the subjects mentioned above.

🐒 What can I expect to study in a Zoology Master’s programme?

At the Master’s level you get the chance to specialise in a certain area of Zoology. Usually, your subject choice will align with courses that you chose during your Bachelor’s. For example, a Master’s programme on conservation or evolution will require you to have studied genetics throughout your undergrad.

Postgraduate courses are usually one or two years long. Like at the undergraduate level, they usually consist of a mix of classroom, laboratory, and field work.

Think carefully about the career you want to pursue: Your Masters will play an important role in it. If you plan to stay in academia, with a PhD as the next step, your Masters should also align with the field that you want to focus your research on.

Admission requirements for a Zoology Master can vary. UK universities usually ask for an upper second-class Bachelor’s degree (or “2.1”) to qualify. Also, if it is a highly specialised programme, you may have to have a certain number of credit points in that specific field.

🐆 What should I know about doing a PhD in Zoology?

A PhD is the highest academic degree you can achieve, and it will require significant independent research work. If you are passionate about Zoology, and especially if you plan to pursue a career in academia, doing a PhD is something you should consider.

As in other sciences, a Zoology PhD will usually last three to four years. Depending on your research project and your funding, it may also take longer to finish. Don’t underestimate this effort - it’s a very challenging undertaking!

To be accepted as a doctorate student, most universities will require you to have an MSc in the field that you plan to focus on. Some universities may admit you with only a BSc if you have received very good grades.

🏆 The best universities for Zoology in 2024

Many students like to use rankings to guide them when choosing a university. However, since Zoology as a separate degree programme is offered only by few institutions, don’t make rankings your main decision driver .

And because Zoology courses are relatively rare, there is also no specific ranking for them. The closest you can get is the Shanghai Subject Rankings for Biological Sciences and for Veterinary Sciences , both of which are closely related subject areas.

Here is a selection of high-ranking European universities in those league tables:

  • In Belgium : KU Leuven ; University of Antwerp
  • In Finland : University of Helsinki ; Tampere University
  • In Germany : LMU Munich
  • In the Netherlands : Wageningen University & Research ; Radboud University
  • In Sweden : Chalmers University of Technology ; Uppsala University
  • In the United Kingdom : University of Cambridge ; Royal Veterinary College ; University of Edinburgh

💭 How to pick the right university for Zoology?

Universities all have their unique strengths. If you already know what career path you want to pursue after graduating from your Zoology programme, try to pick a university that has connections to that. For example, if you want a career working in a natural history museum, then find universities that work closely with natural history museums or that have their own museum. If you want a career in animal husbandry, try to choose a university where there is a zoo, safari park or similar nearby. Your university will have connections that can help you get established. If you want to stay in academia, look at the postgraduate school and see what kinds of research the institution is known for, and what topics the current PhD students are working on.

do zoologists travel

Photo by Mathias Appel

🤔 How is studying Zoology different from Biology?

Biology is the umbrella term for the scientific study of all living things. This includes animals, but also plants, fungi, and micro-organisms. Zoology is a branch of Biology, and is focused on animal life. This will include some microbiology (single-celled organisms) but is more focused on multi-cellular life (such as Daphnia and plankton), invertebrates (insects, molluscs, etc.), and fauna (birds, reptiles, mammals, etc.). Zoology curricula also include some botany, but this will be in the context of animals. For example, how certain species of plants and animals interact with each other.

👀 How is studying Zoology different from Animal Sciences?

Zoology and Animal Sciences are closely related subjects, but focus on different things: While Zoology is concerned with all forms of animal life, Animal Sciences focuses on domesticated animals , specifically farm animals and pets. Animal Science is concerned with husbandry, breeding, health and well-being of such animals; and the discipline rather belongs to the Agriculture field, whereas Zoology is commonly classified as a Natural Science.

🔎 Top reasons for studying Zoology

Zoology is one of those subjects that you choose because you simply love it. Zoology students are some of the most passionate and energetic science students because they have been waiting for this opportunity their whole lives! Not convinced yet? Here are the main reasons that make Zoology a choice worth considering:

  • You get to work with or study animals: People who choose to study zoology are nature lovers. If you love animals, a career in this field may be the most rewarding path for you.
  • You can make a difference in the world: Countless species around the globe are at risk of extinction. Zoologists are on the front line of conservation and work to save those species and their habitats. They are also passionate about teaching others about the animal kingdom and the benefits of protecting the natural world.
  • You get to travel: Zoology is not just for the animal-lover, it is for the adventurer. You could find yourself in some of the most unique and remote places on Earth to conduct your work.

🐜 Career options for Zoology graduates

There are a diverse range of careers and employers that will be interested in Zoology graduates. More and more, companies and government departments are dedicating resources to environmental causes. And thanks to efforts such as the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 ( details ), Zoology graduates will be in growing demand as we, as a society, move towards a greener way of life.

What kinds of employers hire Zoology graduates?

Zoologists are needed at any organisation where animals play an important role. Typical employers include, but are not limited to:

  • Zoos and wildlife parks
  • NGOs and charities that focus on wildlife
  • Government agencies and environmental protection agencies
  • Animal nutrition manufacturers
  • Universities and research institutions

Typical job titles and descriptions for Zoology graduates:

  • Animal husbandry professional: Be an expert in caring for domesticated animals. Ensure their health and enrichment.
  • Conservation officer: Manage and protect habitats to ensure their future.
  • Conservation geneticist: Use genetics to determine the health of animal populations and design breeding programmes to ensure the future of a species.
  • Paleobiologist: Study extinct animals, from the dinosaurs to the woolly mammoth to the thylacine.
  • Field researcher: Travel the world, exploring the far reaches of habitats to discover and study species in their natural habitat.
  • Documentary maker: Bring the animal kingdom into people’s homes. Show and teach people about the natural world by producing & filming wildlife documentaries.
  • Academic: Conduct your own research and teach the next generation of zoologists.
  • Marine scientist: Specialise in ocean fauna. Protect whales, educate people about the true nature of sharks, or rebuild coral reefs.
  • Environmental consultant: Perform audits of habitats for their health and wealth and advise on how to protect them.
  • Environmental educator: Teach young people about nature and how they can protect it. 

The requirements for entry level jobs will vary, depending on the position. Other than a good final mark on your degree, your practical experience (work and volunteering) will be very valuable in securing you your first job.

🦅 Does studying Zoology mean I’ll work in a zoo?

“Zoology” has “zoo” right in the name, yet that is just one of many career options for which your degree will qualify you . If you do want to work in a zoo, make sure to tailor your courses towards animal husbandry and behaviour.

However, if you want to go in another direction, pick your university and your elective modules in line with that. If you want to work in conservation, then genetics, biodiversity, and ecology courses will be for you. If you want to be a palaeontologist, focus on anatomy and evolution.

Zoology studies the animal kingdom from multiple different angles, so discuss your career goals with the university and they will help you tailor your course.

💬 What advice do you have for a Zoology student?

Careers working with animals are highly competitive. There can be hundreds of applicants for each available position, and the people who get the jobs tend to stay in them. Therefore, start networking as early as possible . If you know the job that you eventually want, seek out relevant volunteering opportunities and summer jobs. This will not only help you build your experience but also your reputation. The zoological world is small, and a good reputation and strong network will be of huge benefit to you. Volunteering or working with animals involves a range of practical skills, as well as academic knowledge. So, any volunteering or work experience you can get will be very valuable

As in all scientific disciplines, learn good lab skills! Learn to be confident and competent at basic skills such as how to correctly weigh and measure samples, preparing microscope slides, how to record and manage data properly, et cetera. It will make a huge difference to your zoological career. If you want to do field work, learning good “out on the ground” skills such as camping, hiking, and first aid are beneficial. If you want to work in animal husbandry (in a zoo or safari park for example), knowing how to use power tools is oddly useful, as you will want to be able to build habitats and enrichment. Zoology can take you to some remote places, so having a driver’s license is a bonus.

A word of warning about getting a BSc Zoology: The value and content of your degree may be misunderstood. People who are not from a Zoology background do not always know what is included in a typical curriculum. You might have studied every microbiology course available, but the person hiring for the graduate job in the laboratory will just see the word “zoo” and dismiss you as a professional koala cuddler. If you want more options in your science career, consider choosing Biology as your degree subject, and venture into Zoology via elective modules.

📚 What are similar subjects I could study?

Zoology is a diverse field in itself, but perhaps it is not quite the subject you were looking for. If you like some aspects about it, but not some others, there are numerous alternatives to a Zoology degree that also offer a wealth of opportunities:

  • Animal Sciences: Like Zoology, this subject focuses on animals, but specifically domesticated animals that are used by humans. Typically, Animal Sciences graduates end up working in the Agriculture industry.
  • Life Sciences: Many universities offer degrees in what they call “Life Sciences”, and this is often a broad term for a variety of Biology-related subjects. Check the curricula to find something that excites you.
  • Biology: Biology is an incredibly diverse science with many more areas to specialise in.
  • Marine Biology: Study the habitats and life forms of the ocean.
  • Ecology: Learn how different organisms interact with each other and their environment.
  • Environmental Management: Monitor and manage changing in habitats and ensure the protection and optimisation of natural environments.
  • Veterinary Medicine: Treat and manage all diseases, disorders and ailments that affect animals.

Find study programmes in Zoology

Dee Lawlor

Author: Dee Lawlor

Dee is an expert on all things living and breathing and has spent many years studying and working abroad. She has a BSc in Zoology from the University of Aberdeen (UK) and an MSc in Imaging & Microscopy from University College Dublin (Ireland), as well as a Diploma in Counselling Studies from Dublin Business School. She is the author of “Introduction to Light Microscopy” (Springer).

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You might be interested in this:

7 Reasons to Study a STEM Degree in 2024

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Stephanie Manka

Becoming a wildlife biologist: faqs answered by a wildlife biologist.

  • October 14, 2020

*This post contains affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. This means when you make a purchase, I get a commission at no cost to you! Read more about my affiliates (including my thoughts on Amazon) on my Affiliate Links Disclaimer .

I get a lot of emails from people asking me for advice on becoming a wildlife biologist, which is awesome! And a big reason why I am writing this blog post.

However, I don’t feel like many people have a good sense of what being a wildlife biologist means. Quite honestly, I didn’t before I was in the early midst of graduate school. My perceptions greatly changed even from when I was doing temporary tech work within this field.

When you Google about becoming a wildlife biologist, a lot of the information is outdated and it seems to be written by people outside of the field. Many people throw out the word wildlife biologist and apply it to anyone who works with exotic animals, but that is definitely not correct.

This post is all about clarifying some of those misconceptions as well as answering the main questions you collectively ask in Google about becoming a wildlife biologist. I’ve been in this field for the last 17 years and so let’s get into it!

What is a Wildlife Biologist?

A wildlife biologist studies wild animals and often in the context of ecology (their interactions with the environment).

  • Biology = the study of life
  • Wildlife = Non-domesticated animals living in the wild (i.e. not captive wild animals) and in their native range (species outside their native range or natural range expansion are considered invasive)

More recently the term wildlife has been extended to plants and other organisms, but for wildlife biology as a career, the original definition is applied to wild animals and almost always refers to vertebrates.

Wildlife biologist includes a range of topics: animal abundance, range, behavior, diet, habitat selection, reproduction, species interactions, community dynamics, and human-wildlife interactions (this is not an exhaustive list!).

Wildlife biologists study wildlife using the scientific method. When people hear “study wildlife” they usually visualize images of scientists watching animals in the wild or collecting some kind of sample. While this is part of it, they don’t think of all of the hours spent afterwards analyzing data , writing up results , or writing the next grant to get funding.

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If people do visualize us writing, I get the impression that people think that wildlife biologists write descriptive reports about a single species summarizing their behavior, diet, and ecology. But scientific research is not like that at all!

Scientific research is very vigorous, heavy on data analysis, and driven by questions that have never been answered before. The studies wildlife biologists conduct for peer-reviewed publications almost always have to be set in theory and written in a way that applies across taxa. They may still do taxa specific research, especially at the applied level (government, nonprofit, and consultancy work), but it still has to be scientifically vigorous.

A big part of being a wildlife biologist is reading and writing scientific publications.

When you are study wildlife, the animals ultimately end up being data points. For your graduate school work, people often go to the field and collect data on their species, but a lot of their time is spent analyzing these data with often complex statistical models.

When you graduate, you will then be in charge of sending people to the field and typically go there fewer and fewer times. Nowadays some students don’t even go to the field because there is so much data out there that has been previously collected.

I work extensively supporting ecology research. One of our researchers used camera traps to collect data on moose, and got a Masters on moose, without ever seeing one in person (and only left the office once a month). — Derek Ryder (@RyderDAR) December 10, 2019

This is really different from what people think wildlife biologists do. If you do a Google image search of “wildlife biologist,” the top search results are always photos of people holding cute, large mammals especially charismatic species. If you want to go into wildlife biology because you want to hold or be close to mammals like these, then this is the wrong career for you.

Holding mammals is a very small part, IF ANY part of the job. I study mammals and have never held a wild non-captive mammal myself. My advisor even studied forest elephants and never saw one in the park she worked in! Here’s a blog post by another wildlife biologist to reiterate this point.

Wildlife biology has a lot of different subfields and the one where you are typically touching larger animals (temporarily) is when you are studying their movements through GPS trackers.

A woman gathering samples of an animal excrement.

To GPS-track a mammal, you need to capture them, anesthetize them, and put the tracker on. This is part where a lot of people take the photo of them with the mammal. While this makes for a great photo, it is a very small part of the actual work you will do as a wildlife biologist.

Trackers are expensive and last a long time now (years). This field work may only make up days of your job throughout the whole year. The rest of your time will be spent analyzing the data in the lab that comes from the trackers.

Does your need to be close to animals outweigh the hours you will spend analyzing data and writing scientific papers? If you don’t love science, trust me, you won’t be happy. Nowadays the technology is so advanced you don’t even have to go to the field to get location points.

If you want a job where you are handle wildlife consider specializing in small mammals, where you do have to trap them to study them, or herps (reptiles and amphibians), although handling them will still be a small part of your job.

If working close to charismatic megafauna is your thing, a career in zoos or sanctuaries might be a better fit. HOWEVER, it’s important to know that in ALL of these careers, the emphasis is for people to minimize contact between humans and wildlife.

If a zoo is more ethical , they enforce protected contact where zookeepers and animals do not directly interact, only through barriers. Ethical zoos want to encourage the natural behaviors of wild animals, which means minimizing interactions with humans.

The same is true for wildlife rehabilitation ESPECIALLY if the animal is being re-released into the wild. They absolutely do not want the animal to get used to people as that will increase its chances of getting killed.

Real sanctuaries also want to separate contact between the animals and caretakers. For example at the Elephant Sanctuary in Tennessee , there is no or almost no direct interactions between caretakers and elephants because they want the elephants to live out lives that closest resemble theirs in the wild.

The exception to interacting with wildlife is when using educational animals or ambassador animals that cannot be released to the wild. These now captive animals are used to send conservation/educational messages to the public and you are often allowed to hold them for display. Typically these animals are birds (especially raptors), reptiles, or smaller mammals (e.g. ferrets, rabbits).

How Many Years of College Do You Need to Become a Wildlife Biologist?

At least four, but here are several options:

  • 4 years for a bachelor’s degree
  • 2-3 additional years for a master’s (plus a bachelor’s degree)
  • 5-7 for a Ph.D. (plus a bachelor’s degree, some programs require a master’s)

You can get a permanent job with a bachelor’s degree, but it’s rare, and you don’t get paid well. It also takes a lot of luck. Check out these Twitter responses (click on the tweet):

Can you get a permanent job in wildlife biology without a MS/PhD? I never looked because when I graduated I focused on internships. My sense is that it's near impossible; most are temporary, but want to see what others think. #sciencetwitter — Stephanie Manka (Schuttler), Ph.D. | Scientist (@FancyScientist) November 6, 2019

Frequently these are temporary positions. You will have to move around a lot, be comfortable with risk in the fact that jobs will likely not line up perfectly, and be willing to work almost anywhere and for little money.

do zoologists travel

I’ve been talking a lot about this on my Instagram stories and it is not uncommon for people to have another or even several jobs to support their wildlife biology tech position.

It’s more likely you will secure a permanent job with a masters or Ph.D. However, jobs are still competitive. One of my friends worked temporary field jobs for 3 years after she got her master’s degree. I know people at both levels of education who have left the field because they couldn’t get a job.

Don’t make the same mistakes I did though, make sure you know what is required for the job that you ideally want. Search the job boards now, no matter where you are in your career, and use my job tracker to help you figure this out:

For more on becoming a wildlife biologist with a Bachelor’s degree, check out Kristina Lynn’s page and videos.

How Do You Become a Wildlife Biologist?

Becoming a wildlife biologist is not straight forward and I have a lot of advice to give, which is why I am writing a book about it! But overall I recommend doing the following:

  • Getting a degree in wildlife biology or something similar (biology, zoology)
  • Getting experience as early as you can (volunteering in a lab)
  • Getting experience in paid, temporary positions
  • Getting an advanced degree (master’s or Ph.D.)

For more on volunteering in a lab and how to develop a scientist’s mindset, check out my How to Raise a Future Scientist post.

You can also start taking courses for FREE on your own.

Step(h) into Nature created a blog post summarizing 11 different websites that offer free educational courses in conservation and wildlife biology.

wildlife biologist in lab

Who Do Wildlife Biologists Work For?

There are lots of different employers for wildlife biologists. They include:

  • Federal government : US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Park Service (NPS), US Geological Survey (USGS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), US Forest Service (USFS), the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), US Army Corps of Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and US Bureau of Indian Affairs. These are likely just some. There may be more in other departments/divisions. Check out this link for advice on getting a job in the government .
  • State wildlife agencies (e.g. for North Carolina it is the NC Wildlife Resources Commission)
  • Nonprofits and NGOs (e.g. World Wildlife Fund, Wildlife Conservation Society)
  • Zoos and Aquariums (look for AZA accredited ones)
  • Museums (although most jobs are as curators of collections )
  • Universities
  • Private Companies (Consulting agencies)

I’ve listed the best job boards for these different employers here .

wildlife biologist using a GPS

What Do Wildlife Biologists Do on a Daily Basis?

This really depends on where you work, but most of being a wildlife biologist is about doing some part of the scientific method: coming up with research questions, collecting data to answer questions, analyzing data, writing up results, and communicating results (e.g. giving professional talks, writing up peer-reviewed manuscripts).

If you have an advanced degree (especially a Ph.D.), you will be spending more of your time analyzing data, reading and writing scientific papers, and managing people/projects. You will have some degree of bureaucratic work too (meetings, report writing).

These are EXTREMELY broad descriptions and what you do will depend on who you work for and at what education level.

I talk about this in more detail my book , Getting a Job in Wildlife Biology: What It’s Like and What You Need to Know .

How Many Hours Do Wildlife Biologists Work?

Again, it depends on who you work for and what level you are at (bachelor’s, master’s or Ph.D.), but I would say most wildlife biologists work more than 40 hours even if they have a 9-5 job.

It’s very hard not to take your work home with you! For example, if you have a grant due, you will likely spend weekends or nights working on it.

Even if you are a tech or most of your job is in data collection, you may still be working more than 40 hours. Many graduate students have very long days collecting data during their field seasons (10-16 hrs!) and a lot of tech positions are in helping them with their research.

Do Wildlife Biologists Travel?

Yes, but not all wildlife biologists travel and it may not be much more than any other career quite honestly.

Google likes to show you images of wildlife biologists with charismatic megafauna like jaguars and lions. The vast majority of people I went to graduate school with did all of their research in Missouri where our school was.

Woman near truck

It really depends on who you work for and what you study. If you work in academia, you have more freedom over what you choose to study (and therefore destinations to travel to do field work). If you work for your state government, your travel may be restricted to your state or national conferences.

I’ve been lucky and have traveled a lot for my career in wildlife biology. I’ve been to Kenya , India , Mexico , Gabon , and Suriname to conduct and coordinate research.

Keep in mind that the more advanced your degree is, the less time you spend in the field too. Lots of times I travel just for conferences and take side vacations for fun that look like work, but in reality they are tourist trips that anyone can take (like my trip to Deramakot in Borneo).

wildlife biologist setting live mammal traps

What Do Wildlife Biologists Wear to the Field?

I have a whole other blog post dedicated to what you should bring and wear to the field. It also includes a downloadable checklist to help you shop and pack.

Do Wildlife Biologists Make Good Money?

Definitely not for most of us. Yes, there are some jobs that pay well, but they are few and tend to be more executive level positions. You have to have years of experience in addition to a PhD. These positions as well as some positions in academia can pay $100K or more a year.

Compared to other careers though, this is still often less. My husband’s salary as an electrical engineer is the same or higher than the scientists I know of who have the highest salaries and he is 15 years younger than them.

You are also losing money for the years you spend in school. Scientists are lucky and usually don’t have to pay for graduate school; they are paid a stipend and have a waived tuition fees, but the stipend is low (anywhere between $15,000 – low $20,000s). You will therefore have 2-7 years of your life where you are making around $20K or less while others in careers you will be making a normal salary.

If you have a master’s or Ph.D., I would expect your first job to pay in the $40-60K range. I have a Ph.D. and years of experience in postdocs and the jobs that I was most competitive for were all advertised at ~$50-$55K and almost all were in Raleigh, NC (so you can compare cost of living).

Getting a permanent job is hard, even if you have a higher degree. If you are thinking about becoming a wildlife biologist, you should read about the financial realities of being a wildlife biologist before you decide.

Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Become a Wildlife Biologist:

There are more and more people with advanced degrees (check out this post on Ph.D.s) and therefore wildlife biologist jobs have become very competitive at every level. Therefore, you really want to make sure this is the right career for you. Ask yourself, would you like…

  • Reading and writing scientific papers? Give it a try at Google Scholar . There are a lot of free PDFs.
  • Figuring out why things are the way they are? Are you always asking questions about the natural world?
  • Working with data? Statistics?
  • When someone gives you a job with little direction? When you have no one specifically telling you what to do, step by step?
  • Learning things completely on your own? For example, if you were given a new computer program to learn about all on your own, would this be something you would enjoy doing?
  • Solving statistical problems where there is no one “right” answer? Coding computer programs?
  • Are you okay with things taking a LONG time? It takes years to publish studies!
  • Difficult field situations? Mosquitos, ticks, monkeys dropping poo on you (I’ve literally seen this in tech positions), long days.

If you answered yes to those questions, than that is a good sign you really do want to become a wildlife biologist!

What about these?

  • Do you need to see or handle animals?
  • Be outside all of the time?

If you answered yes to these, you may want a job in captive animal management instead (for the first one).

If you need to be outside, you should strongly consider stopping at a master’s degree as a wildlife biologist or even considering a job where you are outside more often (e.g. law enforcement within a protected area).

I do not want to deter you from becoming a wildlife biologist, I just want your expectations to match reality, to understand how competitive the field is, and for you to success at your dream. You might also realize that you do not want to be a wildlife biologist, but still want a career within the realm of wildlife biology such as education or policy.

I get a lot of requests from young ppl about how to "get into" the big cat world, and I often don't answer… because the truth is that it requires a lot of luck and there are far more people interested than opportunities available. Any tips for how I can be more helpful? — Lisanne Petracca (@LisannePetracca) January 27, 2020

If you like what I’ve written here, you’ll love my book .

For more help in careers in wildlife biology, check out these podcast episodes :

Wildlife Biologist Job Questions Answered!

3 tips for aspiring wildlife biologists stuck at home, my big mistake in my wildlife biology career and how you can learn from it.

Love this post? Share it with friends!

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  • Zoology & Wildlife Sciences

Study Zoology & Wildlife Sciences Abroad

Zoology and wildlife sciences is a deeply diverse field, with specialties in everything from veterinary medicine and conservation to rainforest ecology and marine sciences. Unique to this field is the intimate and meaningful connection to local environments and ecological systems. Wildlife study abroad programs are offered all over the world, from the tropical canopies of Central America to the windswept Siberian tundra. Studying abroad in this discipline allows students to expand their understanding on a global level, while gaining hands-on experience with a variety of plant and animal life exclusive to their region of choice.

Studying wildlife and zoology abroad is ideal since every region in the world has its own local species of plant and animal life; by studying abroad, students gain invaluable hands-on experience with the world’s most unique habitats. Wildlife studies abroad allow students to draw connections between local and global ecological systems, and gain knowledge about subjects related to their degree. Students who choose to study abroad will be able to delve into the biology of tropical birds or see firsthand the effects of ocean pollution on coral reef networks, in addition to the actual adventure of traveling and living abroad.

Wildlife study abroad programs are typically offered through host colleges and universities throughout the world. Some program providers or academic institutions also focus on providing internship opportunities for students in the field, which provide the students with both work experience and academic credit abroad.

Tropical nations with a great deal of access to the ocean offer some of the best places to study zoology and wildlife sciences abroad, because they tend to be geographically diverse with a variety of ecosystems and unique forms of life. Some of the most popular locations for studying wildlife sciences abroad include Costa Rica , New Zealand , Australia , although there are also tons of islands in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean that also offer incredible wildlife study abroad programs.

Africa is also one of the most popular and unique places to study wildlife sciences abroad. It is truly the only region in the world that offers specialties like safari guide courses and game ranger training, not to mention that Africa has some of the most impressive plant and animal life on the planet. For out of this world study abroad programs in Africa, zoology students should look to South Africa , Botswana, and Namibia.

Whether it’s rainforest research in Brazil, working on farms and ranches in Argentina, field study in ecology in Ecuador , or sustainability in Belize, Central and South America are also rife with opportunities for studying wildlife abroad.

The diversity of course instruction for this field of zoology and wildlife sciences is remarkable at home, let alone abroad.

Natural Conservation & Sustainability. Wildlife study abroad programs often focus on the areas of public awareness and improving sustainable practices, as well as field-work and observation for all types of habitats, like rainforests, and smaller wildlife, such as insects. Students will get a more comprehensive understanding of individual ecological systems, how they interact with each other, and how humans have contributed to both the decline and preservation of these systems through courses in these subjects.

Wildlife Conservation & Biology. Zoology study abroad programs include lots of field studies and preservation of animal populations and reef environments. You can specialize in subjects, like aviary biology, coral reef biology, or wildlife management, where you can learn about trapping and GPS tracking. Students can also work in zoos to help rescue and rehabilitate wildlife.

Veterinary Medicine. This is a more specific specialty for those interested in being veterinarians. Students can work with large animal vet practices, learn about animal agriculture, husbandry, genetic breeding, waste management, and even observe surgeries. Often times students will work with local farms and ranches, or sometimes zoos and national parks.

Context: Location of these types of programs will determine the type of specialties offered. Through studying abroad, students can gain experience in ecosystems and with wildlife that is simply not available in their home country, such as coral reef biology or rainforest ecology.

Availability & Variety: With so much going on in the world of plants and animals, there are few other fields that can compare in degree of availability and variety. Students can literally choose almost anywhere in the world to study zoology and wildlife sciences. The almost overwhelming list of courses to choose from provides students with the freedom to choose where and what they study.

Career Benefits: By studying zoology and wildlife sciences abroad, students gain a more global comprehension of ecological systems with hands-on experience in a variety of habitats and wildlife. If you’re looking to step into the professional world of zoology and wildlife, this kind of initiative makes an impression. It also allows you to network while studying abroad, and perhaps land an interview after graduation.

Deciding on a Specialization: The more experience you have, the more you will come to know your true interests. Studying abroad is immersive, and allows you to get a taste of the different specialties available in the fields of wildlife and zoology. Maybe you find that you love rehabilitating a certain kind of species, or maybe you find that aviary biology is not for you. Either way, that is valuable knowledge that will help you refine your expertise in the future. 

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Zoologist work environment

We surveyed 649 zoologists to better understand the work environment and required skills of a typical zoologist. Here are the results.

How much intelligence is required as a zoologist?

Working as a zoologist typically requires higher levels of intelligence when compared with the average career. This means that zoologists are required to actively learn new things related to their discipline and solve complex problems.

Can I learn to become a zoologist?

Intrinsic talent, acquired talent.

A career as a zoologist typically depends predominantly on qualities you can gain through experience, with a small aspect of skills you are born with.

Is it easy to get a job as a zoologist?

It’s typically quite difficult to find a job as a zoologist. If you’re curious about the numbers, check out the job market for zoologists .

Do zoologists work full-time or part-time?

65% of zoologists work in full-time roles while 35% work part-time.

Do zoologists have control over the direction of their work?

While sometimes the direction is set, occasionally zoologists will have some flexibility over the direction of their work.

Is being a zoologist physically demanding?

Being a zoologist may occasionally require demanding physical activity, which may make it not a suitable career choice for everyone.

Are zoologists exposed to a wide variety of work?

While sometimes repetitive, zoologists tend to have opportunities for variety in their work.

Does being a zoologist require attention to detail?

Attention to detail isn't necessarily required to be successful as a zoologist.

Does being a good zoologist require compassion and empathy?

Being compassionate and empathetic is considered helpful to those looking to pursue careers as zoologists.

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Careers Involving Animals And Travel

For those who love animals and travel, there are a number of career options to consider. From veterinary medicine to working on a safari, there are many interesting opportunities to consider.

Veterinarian: A veterinarian is a doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of animals. They may work in private practice, for a research lab, or for a government agency such as the USDA. veterinarians must complete a four-year doctoral degree in veterinary medicine.

Zookeeper: A zookeeper is responsible for the care and welfare of the animals in a zoo. They may feed, water, and clean the animals’ cages, as well as provide enrichment activities to keep them occupied. Zookeepers typically have a high school diploma or equivalent, and may undergo on-the-job training.

Wildlife Biologist: A wildlife biologist is a scientist who studies the behavior and ecology of wild animals. They may work for a government agency such as the EPA or the USDA, or for a private company. Wildlife biologists typically have a bachelor’s or graduate degree in wildlife biology or a related field.

Tour Guide: A tour guide leads tourists on guided tours of interesting or famous sites. They must be knowledgeable about the history and culture of the site, as well as the local wildlife. Tour guides typically have a high school diploma or equivalent, and may undergo on-the-job training.

Environmental Consultant: An environmental consultant is a professional who helps businesses and individuals comply with environmental regulations. They may work for a consulting firm, or for a government agency. Environmental consultants typically have a bachelor’s degree in environmental science or a related field.

  • 1 How can I travel the world and work with animals?
  • 2 What is the highest paying job involving animals?
  • 3 Do zoologists travel?
  • 4 What jobs travel a lot?
  • 5 What is the highest paying job in the world?
  • 6 What animal jobs can I do without a degree?
  • 7 How do you become a travel zoologist?

How can I travel the world and work with animals?

There are a lot of ways to travel the world while working with animals. 

One way is to become a zookeeper or animal caretaker. Zookeepers are responsible for the care and maintenance of animals in zoos, while animal caretakers work in a variety of settings, including zoos, aquariums, sanctuaries, and research facilities. Both jobs usually require a college degree in animal science or a related field. 

Another option is to become a veterinary technician. Vet techs assist veterinarians in providing medical care to animals. They may work in private clinics, animal hospitals, or research laboratories. To become a vet tech, you typically need an associate’s degree in veterinary technology. 

Another option is to become a pet groomer. Pet groomers are responsible for bathing, brushing, and cutting the hair of animals. They may work in pet stores, animal shelters, or private businesses. Many pet groomers learn their trade on the job, but some may also attend grooming schools. 

Finally, you could also become a pet sitter. Pet sitters are responsible for providing food, water, and exercise to animals in their care. They may work in their clients’ homes or in a pet-sitting business. Pet sitters typically do not need any formal training, but they should be comfortable handling animals of all sizes.

What is the highest paying job involving animals?

There are a variety of jobs that involve animals and many of them pay quite well. Here are some of the highest paying jobs that involve animals:

1. Veterinarian. Veterinarians typically earn a salary of around $90,000 per year. They are responsible for diagnosing and treating the medical needs of animals.

2. Animal Trainer. Animal trainers typically earn a salary of around $50,000 per year. They are responsible for training animals for movies, television, and other entertainment venues.

3. Zookeeper. Zookeepers typically earn a salary of around $35,000 per year. They are responsible for taking care of animals in zoos.

4. Wildlife Biologist. Wildlife biologists typically earn a salary of around $60,000 per year. They are responsible for studying the behavior and ecology of wild animals.

5. Pet Groomer. Pet groomers typically earn a salary of around $25,000 per year. They are responsible for grooming and caring for the pets of their clients.

6. Animal Control Officer. Animal control officers typically earn a salary of around $35,000 per year. They are responsible for catching and removing stray animals from the community.

7. Veterinary Technician. Veterinary technicians typically earn a salary of around $30,000 per year. They are responsible for assisting veterinarians in the examination and treatment of animals.

8. Pet Sitter. Pet sitters typically earn a salary of around $20,000 per year. They are responsible for caring for the pets of their clients while they are away.

9. Animal Nutritionist. Animal nutritionists typically earn a salary of around $50,000 per year. They are responsible for ensuring that animals are getting the proper nutrients in their diets.

10. Farm Manager. Farm managers typically earn a salary of around $60,000 per year. They are responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of a farm.

Do zoologists travel?

Yes, zoologists travel to observe and study animals in their natural habitats. They may also travel to attend conferences and present their findings.

Zoologists may travel to a variety of locations, including rain forests, deserts, and mountains. They may also travel to different countries to observe different animal species.

In order to study animals in their natural habitats, zoologists often need to hike or climb to remote locations. They may also need to use boats or planes to get to certain areas.

Zoologists typically travel with a team of researchers, which can make it difficult to get around in certain areas. They may also need to hire local guides to help them navigate the area and find the animals they are studying.

Due to the nature of their work, zoologists often have to deal with difficult conditions, including bad weather and dangerous animals. They also need to be able to work independently and be comfortable living in remote areas.

Overall, traveling is an important part of a zoologist’s job. It allows them to observe animals in their natural habitats and learn more about their behavior and ecology.

What jobs travel a lot?

There are a number of jobs that require a good deal of travel. This can be a great perk for someone who loves to explore new places, but it can also be challenging if you don’t like to be on the go all the time. Here are a few of the most common jobs that require a lot of travel:

Sales jobs. Sales jobs often require a lot of travel, especially if you are in a field like pharmaceuticals or technology. This is because you need to be able to meet with clients and potential customers face-to-face in order to close deals.

Freelance work. If you are a freelancer, you may often find yourself traveling to meet with clients. This could be for a variety of reasons, such as attending a conference or meeting in person to discuss a project.

Teaching jobs. Teaching jobs can often involve a lot of travel, especially if you are a teacher overseas or teach special needs students. This is because you may need to go to different schools to provide instruction.

Journalism jobs. Journalism jobs often require travel, as reporters often need to go to different parts of the world to get the story. This can be both exciting and challenging, as you never know what you will be faced with when you are on the job.

Medical jobs. Medical jobs can often involve a lot of travel, as doctors and nurses often need to be sent to different parts of the world to provide care. This can be both challenging and rewarding, as you are able to help people in need.

What is the highest paying job in the world?

What is the highest paying job in the world? This is a question that a lot of people are wondering about, and there is no one definitive answer. There are a lot of different jobs out there that come with a high salary, and the job that pays the most depends on a number of factors.

One of the highest paying jobs in the world is that of an anesthesiologist. Anesthesiologists are responsible for administering anesthesia to patients before they undergo surgery. They typically earn a salary of around $269,000 a year.

Another high-paying job is that of a surgeon. Surgeons earn an average salary of $251,000 a year. They are responsible for performing surgery on patients to treat various conditions.

A third high-paying job is that of a dentist. Dentists earn an average salary of $225,000 a year. They are responsible for diagnosing and treating oral health problems.

So, what is the highest paying job in the world? There is no one definitive answer to this question. The job that pays the most depends on a number of factors, including the individual’s qualifications and experience.

What animal jobs can I do without a degree?

There are many animal jobs that you can do without a degree. For example, you could become a pet groomer, a pet sitter, or a dog walker. You could also work at a zoo or a pet store.

How do you become a travel zoologist?

Do you love animals and enjoy traveling? If so, a career in travel zoology may be perfect for you! This field combines the study of animals with the excitement of traveling to different parts of the world. Keep reading to learn more about what it takes to become a travel zoologist.

The first step to becoming a travel zoologist is to obtain a degree in zoology or a related field. During your studies, you will learn about the anatomy, physiology, and ecology of animals. You will also gain experience in the laboratory and in the field.

It is also important to have a strong foundation in math and science. Many travel zoology jobs require you to analyze data and solve problems.

Once you have a degree, it is important to gain experience in the field. This can be done by working as a zookeeper, biologist, or environmental scientist. These jobs will give you hands-on experience caring for and studying animals.

You can also gain experience by traveling to different parts of the world and observing animals in their natural habitat. This can be done through volunteer work or by taking safaris or nature tours.

In order to be successful as a travel zoologist, you need to be able to think on your feet and be adaptable to new situations. You also need to be able to communicate effectively with others, both verbally and in writing.

It is also important to be patient and have a good sense of humor. Animals can be unpredictable, and things often don’t go as planned. You need to be able to roll with the punches and keep a positive attitude.

The salary for travel zoologists varies depending on their level of experience and the type of job they have. However, most travel zoologists earn a good salary.

The Bottom Line

If you love animals and enjoy traveling, a career in travel zoology may be perfect for you. To become a travel zoologist, you need to obtain a degree in zoology or a related field. You also need to gain experience in the field by working as a zookeeper, biologist, or environmental scientist. You should also be patient and have a good sense of humor.

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Do wildlife biologists get to travel?

Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. Zoologists and wildlife biologists work in offices, laboratories, and outdoors.

Is a degree in wildlife biology worth it?

Wildlife biology careers are highly rewarding, but the field is challenging and competitive. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects this field will grow 5% over the next decade. Most full-fledged wildlife biologists need a master’s degree, but doctorates are common.

Can you travel with a zoology degree?

With a zoology or marine biology background, you can lead tours of national parks, wildlife reserves and habitats – especially of the marine, coastal and tropical variety. As a zoologist, you might travel internationally for organizations that help developing countries provide environmentally responsible tourism.

Can biologists travel?

Biology jobs that travel include wildlife biologists and many zoologists who devote much of their time to fieldwork.

What is the daily life of a wildlife biologist?

While a typical day as a wildlife biologist will significantly vary depending on the specific workplace, it often involves traveling to remote locations to study animals in their natural habitat for long periods of time, assessing and interpreting the effects of environmental or human factors so they can make …

Who is a famous wildlife biologist?

David Attenborough (1926 – ) One of the most recognizable faces of modern zoology, this talented naturalist, is best known for his collaboration with BBC on the natural history documentary series encompassed under the title The Life Collection.

Where do wildlife biologists work?

Biologists who work with animals work in a range of occupations and locations – including conservation groups, zoos, aquariums, museums and universities.

Do wildlife biologists work in zoos?

A zoologist may work in a zoo while a wildlife biologist studies an animal’s natural habitat.

What are some benefits of being a wildlife biologist?

  • Interaction With Animals.
  • Diverse Opportunities.
  • 2016 Salary Information for Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.

How long does it take to become a wildlife biologist?

To work in this field, wildlife biologists need at least a bachelor’s degree. This degree generally takes four years to complete and includes classes on biology, ecology, wildlife management, chemistry, physics, statistics and conservation.

What type of scientists travel a lot?

The job of a hydrologist often requires travel, since hydrologists have to work in the field to conduct their studies on various water sources.

What jobs require a lot of travel?

  • Cruise ship chef. National average salary: $13.00 per hour.
  • Train conductor. National average salary: $62,305 per year.
  • Flight attendant. National average salary: $16.85 per hour.
  • English teacher abroad.
  • Truck driver.
  • Travel technician.
  • Travel nurse.

How do you get experience in wildlife biology?

A bachelor’s or master’s degree in biology, ecology, animal science, or a closely related natural science subject is required for most roles. Student jobs and internships as a lab, field, or research assistant are a common way to gain experience.

What are some disadvantages of being a wildlife biologist?

  • Dangerous Working Conditions.
  • Variable Working Conditions.
  • Budget Cuts Can Result in Job Loss.
  • Weather Impacts the Everyday.
  • Additional Education Needed to Advance.

How many hours a week do wildlife biologists work?

How Many Hours Do Wildlife Biologists Work? Again, it depends on who you work for and what level you are at (bachelor’s, master’s or Ph. D.), but I would say most wildlife biologists work more than 40 hours even if they have a 9-5 job. It’s very hard not to take your work home with you!

What skills are needed to be a wildlife biologist?

  • Communication skills.
  • Critical-thinking skills.
  • Emotional stamina and stability.
  • Interpersonal skills.
  • Observation skills.
  • Outdoor skills.
  • Problem-solving skills.

What college has the best wildlife biology program?

  • University of New Hampshire (Durham, NH)
  • University of Maine (Orono, ME)
  • Brigham Young University (Provo, UT)
  • Texas State University (San Marcos, TX)
  • Utah State University (Logan, UT)
  • University of Vermont (Burlington, VT)
  • Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO)

Do wildlife biologists work directly with animals?

Those who work outdoors will often work directly with animals. This means that they may be attacked by animals if they aren’t careful. Even those who aren’t working directly with animals may be attacked if they accidentally disturb the wildlife. Most wildlife biologists work for a state or federal agency.

Who is the most famous female zoologist?

Jane Goodall In the 1950s, she left school and went to Africa, where she pursued her interests in the study of animal behavior while working with Louis Leakey.

How do I make 6 figures with a biology degree?

  • Health communications specialist. National average salary: $57,530 per year.
  • Microbiologist. National average salary: $64,925 per year.
  • Pharmaceutical sales representative.
  • Respiratory therapist.
  • Environmental scientist.
  • Registered nurse.
  • Physical therapist assistant.
  • Genetic counselor.

Which job is best for biology students?

  • Biological Technician.
  • Biochemist.
  • Genetic Counselor.
  • Health Communications Specialist.
  • Health Educator.
  • Pharmaceutical / Medical Product Sales Representative.
  • Physician Assistant and Nurse Practitioner.
  • Medical and Health Services Manager.

What is the difference between wildlife biology and zoology?

Although the roles and abilities of zoologists and wildlife biologists often overlap, zoologists typically conduct scientific investigations and basic research on particular types of animals, such as birds or amphibians, whereas wildlife biologists are more likely to study specific ecosystems or animal populations, …

What can you do with an animal biology degree?

Where Can a Degree in Applied Animal Biology Take You? LFS graduates have gone on to careers in veterinary medicine, human medicine, biomedical research, animal ecology, sustainable aquaculture, animal training, animal nutrition, wildlife rehabilitation, wildlife conservation, agricultural extension and animal welfare.

What are the duties of a wildlife biologist?

  • Conduct census projects, research studies, and complex data analysis.
  • Study ecosystems.
  • Trap, tag, or relocate animals for conservation purposes.
  • Develop land and water use plans.
  • Work to save endangered species.
  • Evaluate the impact of commercial ventures on local wildlife.

Do zoologist get paid vacation?

Zoologists who work full time usually receive benefits. Benefits may include health insurance, paid vacation, and sick leave.

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Watch CBS News

Flying with pets? Here's what to know.

By Anne Marie Lee

Edited By Alain Sherter

Updated on: April 6, 2024 / 10:08 AM EDT / CBS News

Thinking of taking your dog or cat with you the next time you fly? For a growing percentage of the 90.5 million pet owners in the U.S., the answer is yes. But while the notion of boarding a plane with your pet may seem simple, the rules and restrictions around traveling with an animal can be confusing. 

Eight major U.S. airlines allow pets to fly in-cabin as carry-ons. But flying with your pet takes research and planning, as pet policies vary from airline to airline, are steeped in restrictions, and are limited to specific countries and cities. You'll also have to pay an extra fee for your pet ranging from $95 to $200, depending on the airline and where you're flying. And restrictions often change.

For example, American Airlines  recently revised its policies  so passengers flying with pets may also bring one full-size carry-on or personal item. But the carrier prohibits carry-on pets on transatlantic and transpacific flights. Here's what you need to know when considering taking your fur baby with you on a plane.

Cargo, check-in or carry-on?

Most airlines offer three options for transporting animals: cargo, check-in or carry-on. But if your pet is larger than a bread box, your options are limited to the cargo or baggage check-in options, with very few exceptions. 

Given that large canine breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers are among the most popular dogs in the country, the size restriction for in-cabin pet travel can be a major frustration for those who would rather not fly at all if that means putting their pet in cargo. 

A 2023 Forbes Adviser survey of 10,000 U.S. dog owners found that 33% of respondents fly with their pets, while 37% listed not being able to bring their dog on a plane as their biggest annoyance. (You can learn more about the differences between cargo, check-in and carry-on options  here , including warnings about the  dangers  involved when pets travel in the cargo hold.) 

Carry-on pets

Even for pet owners whose animals are small enough to fly as a carry-on, traveling is no breeze.

"When I fly with him I have to go to the desk," Margaret Rauch, 44, told CBS MoneyWatch, referring to her 15-pound poodle mix, Soda. The New York City resident has taken Soda on dozens of flights to St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Soda, now 4, was being fostered by a friend after being found as a stray puppy in 2021. 

In addition to calling the airline in advance to register her dog for a flight, Rauch has to check in at the counter whenever she's traveling with Soda, so the airline agent can confirm her dog and pet carrier conform to the in-cabin pet requirements and that the flight hasn't already met its pet maximum. 

image000000-1.jpg

Rauch, who said she would never consider putting Soda in cargo, applauded American Airlines' new policy, while noting that in her experience the one carry-on rule was rarely enforced. 

"I feel the price is already high for what I get. Even with AA's rule change, I lose the underseat space," she said. "My dog creates no extra work for anyone."

Despite the added preparation, paperwork and hassle involved in flying with Soda — not to mention the unfriendly looks she occasionally detects from fellow passengers at the sight of her pet carrier — Rauch said, "It's absolutely worth it." 

Asked how the experience could be improved, she pointed to early boarding for pet owners as something that would help.

"If you can get in early, get a seat and settle down, that is an accommodation I don't expect to see anytime soon but I think it makes sense," Rauch said.

Safety and comfort

For the many Americans who see their pets practically as family members, one of the most challenging aspects of flying is ensuring their animal's comfort and safety. 

"The increasing humanization of pets, which involves treating them as part of the family rather than as mere animals, has increased the demand for pet travel services that are of high quality and can be customized to meet the specific needs of each pet," LinkedIn reported in December.

Among other tips, the U.S. Department of Transportation  and animal experts recommend that you not feed your pet four to six hours before a flight and limit their water intake. Others also suggest keeping bottled water on hand at all times. Additionally, most airlines require certain vaccination and vet certification that your pet is healthy enough to fly. Individual countries also have their own requirements for pets to enter.  

Not surprisingly, some airlines do better than others at handling pets. One of the best-rated carriers for pet travel is Alaska Airlines, which has repeatedly topped rankings, such as NerdWallet's Most pet-friendly airlines of 2024.  In recent years, the airline also has maintained one of the industry's lowest incident ratings, according to Veterinarians.org. United Airlines and Delta are among the airlines with the highest incident rates, according to the pet information website. 

On Rauch's first plane trip with Soda traveling home to New York, a layover in Miami led to the flight sitting on the tarmac for two hours. Calming treats are something that helps keeps her dog relaxed on flights. She also withholds Soda's food and limits his water intake up to five hours before a flight, which is also helpful given that he doesn't like using pet relief areas, which she said generally smell of urine and can be overwhelming for dogs. Flights between New York City and St. Croix are generally under six hours. 

"I'm not sure how I'd handle a flight to Singapore," Rauch said.

Here's a rundown of U.S. airlines' pet travel policies, along with fees and and restrictions:

Alaska Airlines

Pet fee: $100

Pets allowed: Dogs and cats are the only pets allowed in-cabin on international trips and flights to Hawaii. Domesticated rabbits and small household birds are allowed as carry-on on domestic flights.

Destinations: Domestic and international, with additional requirements and documentation required for  pets traveling to Hawaii  or  internationally .

See Alaska's full pet policy here .

American Airlines

Pet fee: $150

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats

Destinations: 

  • Within the 48 contiguous U.S.
  • The U.S. and Canada*
  • Puerto Rico

*Additional special restrictions may apply. See American's full pet policy  here .

Pet fee: $75-$200, depending on destination

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, household birds

Pet friendly destinations: 

  • U.S., Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
  • International destinations with the exception of Australia, U.K., Republic of Ireland and others .

Pets are not permitted on flights to Hawaii. See Delta's full pet policy here .

Frontier Airlines 

Pet fee: $99

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and household birds

Destinations: Domestic flights and international flights to and from the Dominican Republic and Mexico.

See Frontier's full pet policy here .

Pet fee: $125

Destinations: Domestic and international. See exceptions for international flights here .

See JetBlue's full pet policy here .

Southwest Airlines

Pet fee: $125 per pet carrier on the U.S. mainland; $35 per pet carrier between Hawaiian Islands

Destinations: Domestic U.S. flights only. For travel to Puerto Rico, specific requirements may  apply . For Hawaii travel, see rules and regulations here.

See Southwest's full pet policy here .

Spirit Airlines

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, birds (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) or rabbits (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands).

Destinations: Domestic flights including Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

See Spirit's full pet policy here .

United Airlines

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When the Moon Obscures the Sun, How Does Life on Earth Respond?

From fish to flamingos, here’s what scientists know — and what they hope to find out — about how plants and animals react to a total solar eclipse

Naomi Greenberg

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If the sky briefly went dark during the middle of the day in ancient Greece, people took this to mean that the gods must be angry. Around the world and throughout history, an unexpected dark sky brought fear, amazement, and wonder. People have come up with countless variations to explain this puzzling phenomenon: the sun must be furious, or the sun is sick, or the sun has dropped its torch.

Now, humans know that a sudden darkening of the sky can be due to a meteorological event called a solar eclipse, which occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the Sun.

On April 8, 2024, large swaths of North America will experience a total solar eclipse, during which the sun’s light will be completely blocked from certain perspectives on Earth for about three to four minutes. During this temporary outage of solar light, people will gather to watch the sky, don “eclipse glasses” to protect their eyes and uncover long-abandoned digital cameras.

But humans won’t be the only species in the eclipse’s path to respond in unusual ways. Here’s what we know so far about how animals will react to a total eclipse, and what questions scientists are hoping to answer during the April 8 event.

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Humans have a sleep cycle — or circadian rhythm — that is largely internal. Anyone who has experienced jet lag is familiar with the frustrating feeling of one’s body being out of calibration with the local time.

But for some organisms, waking and sleeping cycles are almost entirely dependent on the sun. This means that the darkness caused by an eclipse can trigger the responses that are typical of night.

Fish, for instance, respond to decreased light intensity during a solar eclipse the way they would respond to dusk. During a 1998 total eclipse in the Galapagos, diurnal fish rapidly adopted nighttime behavior, while nocturnal fish gradually left the cover of their daytime habitats. Similarly, foraging bees ceased flying during the totality of the 2017 eclipse, instead returning to their hives. Spiders that typically took down their webs at dusk began dismantling them during a total eclipse in 1991.

Large mammals also took a bedtime cue from the eclipse. A pair of African elephants approached the entrance of their barn during totality at the Riverbanks Zoo in Columbia, South Carolina, in 2017, as if they were headed to sleep. This zoo also had a group of gorillas enter their enclosures during the dark spell as they did every evening.

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Unlike the creatures that simply start their nighttime routine early, some species have a frenzied response to the eclipse. Flamingos, for instance, exhibited restlessness and anxiety during the 2017 totality. The birds flocked together and vocalized loudly, and in some cases paced around their enclosure and swarmed together at the onset of the eclipse at both the Riverbanks Zoo and the Nashville Zoo.

Giraffes also moved more during the unusual darkness. Some giraffes even began to gallop for several minutes during totality and pace around their enclosure following the event. Meanwhile, a pair of tortoises at the Riverbanks Zoo began mating just before the eclipse, while other tortoises became more active and moved rapidly. After the eclipse, the tortoises gazed up at the sky.

Researchers at zoos across the path of this month’s total solar eclipse are planning to study animal behavior during totality. This will include zoos everywhere from Fort Worth, Texas, to Indianapolis, Indiana.

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Though there may be less vocalizing and movement amongst plants than members of the animal kingdom, the effect of a solar eclipse on these organisms is still profound. With lower temperatures, lower vapor pressures and less light available during a solar eclipse, plants have a limited ability to photosynthesize during the eclipse.

One study from the 2017 eclipse estimated a 14% reduction in photosynthesis over the whole day in a sagebrush area in the Western U.S. According to the study’s authors, this can be especially harmful if the plant is already experiencing drought conditions. Another study conducted during a total solar eclipse in Chile found that shade-intolerant trees were more susceptible to a solar eclipse than shade-tolerant trees were.

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For many organisms, the sun is not only a cue for when to go to sleep, but also when to migrate. Solar eclipses have been shown to impact the mass movement of organisms from one location to another.

The world’s largest migration event is the daily upwelling of zooplankton in the world’s oceans  from the depths to shallower water in response to signals from the sun. This daily movement, called Diel Vertical Migration or DVM, occurs at sunrise and sunset. During the 2017 eclipse, scientists found that this mass migration event occurred during the eclipse as it would at dusk off the coast of Oregon. The zooplankton migrated up as the sky darkened then returned to the deep ocean as the sun reappeared from behind the moon.

Bird migration may also be impacted by decreased light levels during the solar eclipse. Some birds are diurnal migrants that travel mainly during the day, while others are nocturnal migrants that prefer to migrate at night. In a 2017 paper on migration during a solar eclipse, researchers found that the total eclipse provided a cue for diurnal migrants to cease flying but did not cause nocturnal migrants to start flying.

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the NASA Eclipse Soundscapes Project both plan to further investigate migratory behavior during the eclipse. Because this month’s eclipse takes place during the spring migration season, it will be an opportune time to research how migratory birds respond to a total solar eclipse.

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There is also a category of organisms that do not let solar eclipses throw off their typical routines. Household pets like cats and dogs tend to be unfazed by an eclipse. Domesticated farm animals like dairy cattle also show little responce to a solar eclipse. And even our closest relatives, chimpanzees, react only by looking up at the sky.

Although humans understand what an eclipse is and how best to react (don’t look at the sun without safety glasses!), we still know very little about how plants and animals on earth will react. With several intriguing scientific studies slated for April 8, we may get a better understanding than ever of how a solar eclipse affects sleep, anxiety, migration and other behaviors throughout the animal kingdom. 

Related Stories A Brief History of Eclipse Chasers Five Fascinating Science Projects Using the Total Solar Eclipse to Illuminate New Discoveries Turning Off Your Lights Could Save Millions of Birds Each Year from Deadly Building Collisions Peer Through the Glare to Glimpse the Night Sky in New Smithsonian Exhibition What Does an Eclipse Sound Like?

Naomi Greenberg

Naomi Greenberg | READ MORE

Naomi Greenberg is a Science Writing Intern with the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. She translates natural history research for general consumption in her writing for Smithsonian Voices as well as for the Smithsonian Ocean Portal. She is a senior at Georgetown University, where she founded and led the science section of the campus newspaper, The Hoya, in addition to studying biology and journalism. You can find more of her work  here .

2024 solar eclipse may spark behavioral changes in pets, other animals

do zoologists travel

On Aug. 21, 2017, a solar eclipse shrouded The Riverbanks Zoo and Garden in Columbia, South Carolina, in near-total darkness for 2½ minutes.

In the time leading up to the darkness, during it, and after, zoo personnel observed and documented the behavior of many of the animals to see if the meteorological event would spark any changes. Oh did it.

Three female gorillas approached the den enclosure entrance as if it were time to go in for the evening, while the one male gorilla became unusually aggressive. The seven giraffes all stopped eating to huddle at the back of their enclosure, swaying with anxiety. The four Galapagos tortoises displayed the most novel behavior — just prior to totality, a pair of tortoises began mating, during totality all four tortoises "became more active, moved faster than had been seen during baseline observations and dispersed in various directions to different sections of the enclosure. Following totality, all tortoises gazed up at the sky."

Those findings are outlined in a March 31, 2020, article, "Total Eclipse of the Zoo: Animal Behavior during a Total Solar Eclipse," published in Animals, a global, peer-reviewed open access journal devoted to zoology and veterinary sciences, published semimonthly online. The Riverbanks Zoo's study documented that three-fourth of the animals at the zoo exhibited some behavioral response to the 2017 eclipse with the predominate response being to mimic nighttime behaviors. The next most common response was anxiety, the article said.

“There are lots of reports of animal behavior following lunar cycles and an eclipse is part of that astronomical cycle and it’s also really rare. So does it fall into that that category where it is so rare that animals don’t have a sensitivity to it? Or do they?" said Erica Cartmill, professor of anthropology, animal behavior and cognitive science at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

Cartmill has not directly studied animal behavior during an eclipse, but is eager to know more and is calling on the public, in what she calls "citizen science." She wants people to observe their pets' or other animals' behavior before, during and after the April 8 eclipse this year. She's set up a website, www.observinganimals.org , for people interested in participating and recording it.

"These events are so rare we want to capture as much as information as we can," Cartmill said.

Dog owners shouldn't worry about protecting dogs' eyes from the solar eclipse, according to the American Kennel Club .

"That’s because dogs don’t naturally look up or stare at the sun, according to Dr. Jerry Klein, the chief veterinary officer for the AKC. “They know enough not to."

Most dogs only up toward the sky if something flies overhead or catches their attention, according to Klein.

How animals behave during an eclipse

The topic of animal behavior during an eclipse goes far back. During a total solar eclipse in New England in 1932, anecdotal reports claimed many domestic dogs fell silent during the eclipse, horses clustered together and began shaking their heads and tails with anxiety and several species of wild birds such as crows, gulls and sparrows stopped flying and remained silent and still, according to the article in Animals.

Cartmill has read those reports, but the only evidence of animal behavior during an eclipse that she has seen first-hand is an anecdote from the solar eclipse on Aug. 21, 2017. She was at Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee, about 17 miles south of Knoxville, in a field to observe the event.

"We were near a little patch of woods and when it was like two minutes before totality and 97% of the light was blocked, it still looked like day, but it was a little bit colder," Cartmill said. "As soon as it hit totality, we heard crickets chirping and bats flew out of the woods. It was like a little slice of night and we felt like we were trespassing. It was really beautiful. One minute birds were flying and singing, and the next minute crickets were chirping and bats were out.”

Historically most reports of animal behavior during an eclipse have been inconsistent and contradictory, experts in various articles said and Cartmill agreed. For example, the anecdotal accounts of dogs growing quiet in 1932 contradicts social media reports in 2017 of dogs increasing vocalizations during the "Great American Eclipse of Aug. 21, 2017," according to a Feb. 2019 article in Animals.

Pets and animals during a solar eclipse

Cartmill offered an explanation for the conflicting reports as part of "an information cascade." That's when early reports get confirmed and then amplified.

"So if four people said, 'My dog did this thing,’ you might say, ‘I think my dog did that same thing,' " Cartmill said. "It doesn’t mean they’re lying, but we tend to remember things that align with what other people saw."

There are four things likely to happen to animal behavior during the eclipse, she said:

  • Animals won't do anything unusual.
  • Animals will do evening behaviors. For example, if a dog is used to a bedtime treat, he may go to the kitchen to wait for it.
  • Animals will display signs of increased anxiety such as scratching, yawning, circling and pacing or if they are animals that typically flock together, they will start grouping.
  • Animals display unexpected behavior.

“The eclipse is part of the natural world and the animals around us are part of the natural world," Cartmill said. "They are creatures we share the world with and they have a lot of the same desires and needs that we do. I think something that is of profound curiosity to people is how much of our experiences are shared with the animals we share the planet with.”

Social media and the Great American Eclipse

The Detroit Zoo's spokesperson Sarah Culton declined to comment on its plans for the animals during the solar eclipse on April 8 other than to say, "Animal well-being is always our top priority. Our animal care team closely monitors the animals who call the Zoo home and responds to their needs accordingly. We do this every day — and will continue to do so during the solar eclipse."

According to the February 2019 article, "Comparing Social Media Observations of Animals During a Solar Eclipse to Published Research," in Animals, the 2017 solar eclipse strongly kindled curiosity in animal behavior during an eclipse and given the eclipse "occurred over a relatively populous region of the globe, with approximately 12 million people living in the path of totality — garnering a lot of publicity — many of whom own domestic animals. This immense viewership created a unique opportunity to gather a large amount of animal observations simultaneously across the eclipse."

Scientists turned to Facebook.

A total of 685 observations of about 48 different types of animals reacting to the 2017 eclipse were studied from the March for Science Facebook page discussion, the article said. The animals most frequently reported on social media reacting to the eclipse were invertebrates, including 11 types of insects (think crickets) and the most frequently reported behavior was vocalization increasing. Whereas birds were reported to increase their activity and decrease vocalization. The most commonly observed mammal were dogs, which reportedly increased activity and vocalization during the eclipse.

The article states there are many reasons why a solar eclipse may spark behavioral changes.

"Not only is there a change in light, but also changes in air temperature and wind speed," the article state. "It is possible that the brief changes in temperature and wind speed are sensed by animals and, in combination with reduced light, are interpreted as the beginning of nocturnal changes or large storm, potentially enhancing bird and invertebrate vocalizations as instinctive behavior."

But it stated, and Cartmill agrees, that the specific response by an individual of any species depends on their specific life history and behavioral patterns associated with various nocturnal changes or events that decrease light.

More: What is the meaning of the word 'eclipse'? Here is its origin ahead of April 8 event.

Vultures and birds reactions

The 2017 eclipse also inspired two animal behaviorists to study its impact on turkey vultures at the Joseph A. Sgaggero Memorial Park in Dover Plains, New York, on Aug. 21, 2017, as documented in a March 2018 article in The Kingbird, a quarterly journal devoted to New York State ornithology .

In the Kingbird article, the authors Steven Platt of Wildlife Conservation Society at the Bronx Zoo and Thomas Rainwater of Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science at Clemson University, state: "Turkey Vultures began gathering above the roost shortly after the eclipse commenced."

After about a 30-minute lull in activity, some, but not all, turkey vultures left the roost. What made the findings remarkable, the authors wrote, was that the birds started roosting even when it was still light and looked like a typical August afternoon.

"The fact that our observations occurred under conditions of almost full sunlight suggests that either Turkey Vultures are sensitive to even a slight reduction in light level or were responding to as yet unrecognized stimuli," the authors wrote.

Then, on June 21, 2020, animal experts observed "clear and radical" behavioral changes in birds during another solar eclipse, according to an article in Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences by Sefi Mekonen of the Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debre Berhan University in Ethiopia. Mekonen wrote that before the eclipse the main activities of birds observed were foraging and courtship. But as the eclipse started, roosting increased.

"At maximum eclipse, there was a profound decrease in calling, singing, foraging and moving, and courtship," Mekonen reported.

After the eclipse, the birds went right back to foraging and flying, Mekonen wrote.

Contact Jamie L. LaReau:  [email protected] . Follow her on Twitter  @ jlareauan . 

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COMMENTS

  1. How often does a zoologist travel? : r/zoology

    Travel. Most zoologist I know, myself included, are researchers, they travel to "remote" areas maybe 2 times per year at max, for conferences a bit more but the main work will be done in the lab. What to expect? Lots of labwork, a lot of reading, a lot of writing grands and papers. Some time spend outside to collect data, then back to the lab ...

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    Ecotourism workers highlight natural areas and promote their conservation. With a zoology or marine biology background, you can lead tours of national parks, wildlife reserves and habitats - especially of the marine, coastal and tropical variety. As a zoologist, you might travel internationally for organizations that help developing countries ...

  3. FAQ: What Is a Zoologist?

    Some zoologists regularly travel to remote locations around the world to study animals. For example, zoologists who study whale populations may spend several months at sea for their work. Zoologists are often exposed to a variety of climates and must be able to travel when necessary for their jobs. Common places of employment for zoologists ...

  4. What does a zoologist do?

    Fieldwork and Travel Opportunities: Zoologists often have the opportunity to conduct fieldwork in remote or exotic locations, studying wildlife in their natural habitats. This can involve travel to diverse ecosystems, such as rainforests, deserts, mountains, and oceans, and provide exciting opportunities for adventure and discovery. Cons:

  5. What Does A Zoologist Do, And How Can You Become One? What To Know

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    Discover what zoologists do, how to become one, schooling and degree requirements, salary insights, and job opportunities in the study of animals. ... While travel can be a significant perk, this type of work can also be strenuous and isolating. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), as of 2012, most zoologists and wildlife ...

  7. Do Wildlife Biologists Travel?

    People often think of wildlife biologists traveling to remote rainforests in Asia or on safari in Africa. But how often does that really happen? In this vide...

  8. Zoologist or Wildlife Biologist

    Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. For example, cetologists studying whale populations may spend months at sea on a research ship. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend significant amounts of time in deserts or remote mountainous and woodland regions.

  9. Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist

    Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist (US) 64,650. All Jobs (US) 47,920. Federal Minimum Wage. 15,080. 50k 60k 70k 80k Salary Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist Salary by State. Tap or scroll over map to see median salaries for each state. No data available for some states (white on the map)

  10. Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

    Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. For example, cetologists studying whale populations may spend months at sea on a research ship. Other zoologists and wildlife biologists may spend significant amounts of time in deserts or remote mountainous and woodland regions.

  11. Exploring the World of Traveling Zoologists: Benefits ...

    Traveling zoologists explore the world around them while gaining educational and professional growth. This article explores the different types of jobs that require travel, the benefits and challenges faced by zoologists, and tips for making the most out of the experience.

  12. How to become a zoologist and what the role involves

    A zoologist may travel extensively for their work. Zoologists may often travel great distances to observe a species in its natural habitat during the course of their role. This could be in a tropical, temperate, dry, cold or polar climate. Zoologists have the significant responsibility of protecting endangered species and taking actions to ...

  13. What Is a Traveling Zoologist?

    What Is a Traveling Zoologist? Researchers in zoology examine animals' behavior, traits, and environments. Many zoologists spend time in the habitats of the species they study to gather data and gain a deeper understanding of the creatures they study. You may travel across countries, continents, and oceans as part of your zoology job.

  14. Do zoologists travel?

    Yes, zoologists travel. Zoologists can work in offices, laboratories, or outdoor facilities. They are responsible for studying and reporting on animal behaviors, features, and habitats. Zoologists may lead tours in national parks, work in wildlife reserves, or work on the front lines of conservation. It is not uncommon for a zoologist to travel ...

  15. Study Zoology: All you need to know

    Zoologists are on the front line of conservation and work to save those species and their habitats. They are also passionate about teaching others about the animal kingdom and the benefits of protecting the natural world. You get to travel: Zoology is not just for the animal-lover, it is for the adventurer. You could find yourself in some of ...

  16. Becoming a Wildlife Biologist: FAQs Answered by a Wildlife Biologist

    4 years for a bachelor's degree. 2-3 additional years for a master's (plus a bachelor's degree) 5-7 for a Ph.D. (plus a bachelor's degree, some programs require a master's) You can get a permanent job with a bachelor's degree, but it's rare, and you don't get paid well. It also takes a lot of luck.

  17. Study Zoology & Wildlife Sciences Abroad

    Zoology and wildlife sciences is a deeply diverse field, with specialties in everything from veterinary medicine and conservation to rainforest ecology and marine sciences. Unique to this field is the intimate and meaningful connection to local environments and ecological systems. Wildlife study abroad programs are offered all over the world ...

  18. Do zoologists travel?

    ContentsDo zoologists travel?1. Is travel a significant aspect of a zoologist's job?2. What are some common reasons for zoologists to travel?3. Do zoologists travel internationally?4. Is international travel more common for certain specializations in zoology?5. How frequently do zoologists travel?6. Are there any risks or challenges associated with travel for zoologists?7. Do zoologists ...

  19. Zoologist work environment

    It's typically quite difficult to find a job as a zoologist. If you're curious about the numbers, check out the job market for zoologists. Info Do zoologists work full-time or part-time? 65% of zoologists work in full-time roles while 35% work part-time. Do zoologists have control over the direction of their work?

  20. Careers Involving Animals And Travel

    Do zoologists travel? Yes, zoologists travel to observe and study animals in their natural habitats. They may also travel to attend conferences and present their findings. Zoologists may travel to a variety of locations, including rain forests, deserts, and mountains. They may also travel to different countries to observe different animal species.

  21. Do wildlife biologists get to travel?

    Zoologists who work full time usually receive benefits. Benefits may include health insurance, paid vacation, and sick leave. Fieldwork can require zoologists and wildlife biologists to travel to remote locations anywhere in the world. Zoologists and wildlife biologists work in.

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    There is also a category of organisms that do not let solar eclipses throw off their typical routines. Household pets like cats and dogs tend to be unfazed by an eclipse.

  24. Solar eclipse may spark pet, animal behavior changes

    2024 solar eclipse may spark behavioral changes in pets, other animals. On Aug. 21, 2017, a solar eclipse shrouded The Riverbanks Zoo and Garden in Columbia, South Carolina, in near-total darkness ...