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Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad – FAQ

The following Questions and Answers supplement the Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad .

For more information about travelling with children, consult the Children and travel page, the publication Travelling With Children , or seek advice from a lawyer. If you need help finding legal services in your province or territory, contact a lawyer referral service .

For additional information about entry and exit requirements for Canadian children travelling alone, with only one parent or with another accompanying person, see our country-specific travel advice and advisories  or contact the nearest embassy or consulate of the destination country.

Note that all references to parents on this page apply also to legal guardians.

Note that Global Affairs Canada cannot provide you with advice about the Consent Letter for Children Travelling Abroad beyond what is offered on this website.

Most frequent questions

• General questions

Legal and custody questions

Documentation questions, other questions.

• What is the purpose of a consent letter? A consent letter demonstrates that children who travel alone, with only one parent/guardian, friends, relatives or a group (e.g. sports, school, musical, religious) have permission to travel abroad from every parent (or guardian) who is not accompanying them on the trip.
• Is a consent letter mandatory? There is no Canadian legal requirement for children to carry a consent letter. However, a consent letter may be requested by immigration authorities when entering or leaving a foreign country, airline agents or Canadian officials when re-entering Canada. Failure to produce a letter upon request may result in delays or refusal to enter or exit a country.
• If the accompanying parent has full/sole custody of the child, is it still advisable to obtain a consent letter signed by a non-accompanying parent who only has access rights? We recommend that even a parent who has full/sole custody obtain a consent letter from another parent who has access rights (also called visitation rights).
• What information should a consent letter contain? There are no official guidelines for the content and format of a consent letter. For your convenience, we offer a sample consent letter  on our website, which may be modified to fit your specific situation. You may also use our  interactive form , which allows you to leave out information that is not available or applicable. Nevertheless, we recommend including as much detail as possible.
• Who should sign the consent letter? The consent letter should be signed by parents who are not accompanying the child on a trip, including:
• One or both parents who are married or in a common-law relationship and live together with the child. Both parents usually have custody rights over the child. In some provinces or territories, other terms (e.g. guardianship rights or parental authority ) may be used.
• One or both parents who are separated, divorced or do not live together. In some situations, parents have “joint custody” or “joint guardianship” of a child, meaning that they make important decisions about the child together. In other situations, one parent has “sole custody” and is responsible for making important decisions for the child, while the other parent has “access rights.” We recommend that the letter be signed by all parents who are not travelling with the child, whether they have custody or access rights.
• One or more individuals (other than parents) or an organization with guardianship rights   and responsibility for the care of the child.
• In Quebec, one or both parents with parental authority over the child. Whether the parents are married, in a civil or de facto union, separated or divorced, they have rights and duties relating to the child, unless a court order states otherwise.

Court orders or agreements sometimes specify who is or is not required to sign a consent letter for children travelling abroad. If in doubt about who should sign the letter, consult with a lawyer.

• Up to what age should Canadian children carry a consent letter when travelling abroad? We recommend that anyone who is under the age of majority (under 18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence) carry a consent letter.
• Who can witness the signing of a consent letter? The signing of the letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence). However, we strongly recommend having the letter witnessed by a notary public , as border officials will be less likely to question the authenticity of the letter. Outside of Canada, the signing of a consent letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority, including a consular officer at any Canadian government office abroad ( fees apply ).
• Is it mandatory to have the consent letter witnessed by a notary? There is no Canadian requirement to have the consent letter witnessed by a notary public. However we strongly recommend doing so, as border officials will be less likely to question the authenticity of the letter.
• If the parents are together (either married or in a common-law relationship), but only one parent travels with the child, is a consent letter still recommended? If the child is not accompanied by both parents, we recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent, regardless of the parents’ marital status (single, married, common-law, separated, divorced or never married).

General questions

• Is a consent letter still recommended if a child will be accompanied by both parents for part of a trip, but alone or with only one parent for another part of the trip? We recommend that a child who is travelling with only one parent for even a small portion of a trip (e.g. when returning to Canada with only one parent) carry a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent. For example, if a child travels to the United States with both parents, but then the mother stays in the United States while the father brings the child back to Canada, the mother may sign a consent letter stating that the child has permission to travel back to Canada with the father.
• If neither parent is accompanying the child, should they each sign separate consent letters, or can they provide a single letter with both of their signatures? Either separate letters or a single letter may be acceptable. However, if both parents choose to sign separate consent letters, we strongly recommend that both letters be witnessed by a  notary public .
• If children from the same family travel together without one or both parents, should they each carry separate letters or one letter listing all of the children?  Either separate letters or a single letter may be acceptable. However, if the children will not be together for the entire trip (e.g. when returning to Canada), we recommend that they carry separate letters. We also strongly recommend that the letters be witnessed by a  notary public .
• If a child is travelling with several adults, none of whom are the child’s parents (e.g. relatives, group leaders, parents of a friend), should they all be identified as accompanying persons on the consent letter? It is not necessary for the letter to identify all adults as accompanying persons. Instead, we recommend that the letter identify one accompanying person, such as a grandparent or group leader, subject to that individual’s consent.
• Can a parent fax or email a scanned copy of the letter to the accompanying person? Although there is no Canadian legal requirement for children to carry a consent letter, we recommend bringing the original letter, as border officials will be less likely to question its authenticity.
• Is a consent letter recommended even for a day trip? A consent letter is recommended for all cross-border travel, even for a day trip, if the child will be travelling alone, with only one parent, with friends or relatives or with a youth group. The sample consent letter or   interactive form can be used to create a suitable letter.
• If one parent is deceased, what document should a child carry when travelling abroad? A child accompanied by a surviving parent who has full custody may carry a copy of the death certificate of the deceased parent. A child travelling without the surviving parent may carry a consent letter signed by that parent and a copy of the death certificate of the deceased parent.
• If a Canadian child who holds another citizenship travels to the other country of citizenship without one or both parents, will the consent letter offered on this website be accepted by that country’s immigration authorities? The consent letter offered on this website may or may not be considered sufficient by a country’s immigration authorities, as some countries impose their own entry/exit requirements on minor citizens. For example, a child with Costa Rican-Canadian citizenship requires a legally certified consent letter, translated into Spanish and signed by one or both parents, plus a special permit issued by Costa Rican authorities, in order to depart from Costa Rica. Be aware that a foreign country may automatically deem a child born in Canada to be one of its citizens if one or both parents are citizens of that country. As a “deemed citizen,” the child may be subject to the same entry/exit requirements as other citizens of that country. We strongly recommend that parents consult with an embassy or consulate of any country where their child may be a “deemed citizen” and enquire about travel documentation and other entry/exit requirements before travelling to that country with their child. You may find additional information under “Entry/Exit Requirements” in the Travel advice and advisories  for your destination country, our Dual citizenship page and our booklet Dual Citizenship: What You Need to Know .
• What can be done if a parent refuses to sign the consent letter? We recommend trying to find out the reason for the refusal. It may be possible to clear up a misunderstanding or address the other parent’s concerns.   Alternatively, family justice services (e.g. mediation) may help. For a list of services available in each province and territory, see the Department of Justice’s Inventory of Government-based Family Justice Services .  You may also wish to consult with a family lawyer. Note that Global Affairs Canada cannot provide legal advice.
• What can be done if there is a risk that the accompanying parent will not bring the child back to Canada? We recommend consulting with a lawyer without delay and proceeding with caution before signing a consent letter. For more information, see our publication International Child Abduction: A guidebook for left-behind parents  or consult our Child abduction and custody issues page.
• Is a consent letter still recommended from a parent who has been denied access rights? A consent letter is not necessary from a parent who has been denied access rights by a court order. We recommend that the accompanying parent who has full/sole custody of the child carry a copy of the court order when travelling abroad.
• If a court order states that one parent can travel abroad with the child without the consent of the other parent, what documentation is required? We recommend carrying a copy of the court order stating that the other parent’s consent is not needed to travel abroad with the child. Any questions about the wording of the court order should be directed to a family lawyer.
• Is it possible to write a consent letter without specific travel dates so that it may be used for multiple trips (e.g. if the child travels frequently or the non-accompanying parent is not readily available to sign)? We recommend carrying a letter with specific travel dates (as in the sample consent letter  on our website). Doing so may help minimize complications when entering or exiting another country. Consult with a lawyer for information on obtaining a document stating that the child has permission to travel abroad on nonspecific dates.
• If the accompanying person is not the child’s biological parent (e.g. an adoptive or foster parent) but has custody or guardianship rights, is specific documentation needed for the child to travel abroad? We recommend carrying a copy of a court order stating that the accompanying person is the child’s lawful custodian or guardian. If the child is in temporary care, we recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the appropriate child welfare agency representative granting consent for the child to travel with the accompanying person. Consult with a lawyer or the child welfare agency if in doubt about documentation requirements.
• If the parents are separated or divorced, does the child or accompanying parent need to carry documentation (e.g. a court order or separation agreement) other than a consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent?  In addition to carrying a consent letter, we recommend checking with an embassy or consulate of the destination country in case other documents are required.
• If the other parent is not in the picture and obtaining a consent letter is impossible, what other documents can be carried? If there is a court order stating that the whereabouts of the other parent are unknown and granting the accompanying parent full/sole custody, we recommend carrying a copy of that document. If a court order has not been issued, we recommend consulting with a lawyer to consider taking legal action. If the other parent was granted access rights by a previous court order, but has not exercised those rights in a long time and is now unreachable, we recommend consulting with a lawyer to consider obtaining an up-to-date court order. In either case, we recommend carrying a copy of the court order. If in doubt, be sure to consult with a lawyer, as each situation is unique.
• What documents should a child carry when travelling abroad, apart from a Canadian passport and consent letter (if applicable)?   Since parents are not identified on a child’s passport, we recommend that the child carry a copy of the long-form (or parental information) birth certificate, which clearly indicates the parents’ names. The long-form birth certificate is not a mandatory travel document, but it may help to establish the relationship between the child and the accompanying parent and/or the parent signing the consent letter. For more information on the long-form birth certificate, contact the government of the province or territory where the child was born. Check with the destination country’s embassy or consulate in Canada regarding additional documentation that may be required, including divorce papers, custody court orders or a death certificate (if one parent is deceased).
• If the non-accompanying parent is not identified on the child’s long-form birth certificate and does not have access or custody rights, is there any reason for that parent to sign a consent letter? A consent letter is not needed in this case. However, we recommend carrying a copy of the child’s long-form (or parental information) birth certificate when travelling abroad with the custodial parent. If the child travels alone, we recommend carrying a copy of the long-form birth certificate as well as a consent letter signed by the custodial parent.
• If the child is a naturalized Canadian or permanent resident and immigrated to Canada with only one parent, does the parent who lives abroad need to sign a consent letter? We recommend carrying a consent letter signed by the parent who lives abroad. The signing of the consent letter may be witnessed by anyone who has attained the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence), including a consular officer at any Canadian government office abroad ( fees apply ). If it is impossible to obtain a consent letter from the parent who lives abroad, we recommend carrying a copy of a court order granting full custody to the parent in Canada and stating that the other parent has no rights over the child. If a court order has not been issued, we recommend consulting with a lawyer, as each situation is unique.
• Is there any reason to be concerned if the information requested in the sample consent letter or interactive form is not available or applicable (e.g. passport number, destination address)? The content and format of the child consent letter may be modified to meet your needs. The sample consent letter and interactive form on our website allow you to include information that fits your specific situation or to leave out information that is not available or applicable. However, we recommend including as much detail as possible.

We have revised our consent letter resources to serve you better. We welcome your feedback on the new versions at [email protected] . Please note that this address is to receive your comments and suggestions only.

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Travel and identification documents for entering Canada

From: Canada Border Services Agency

October 1, 2022 : COVID-19 emergency border measures ended

Refer to COVID-19: Travel, testing and borders for details.

Make sure you carry proper identification for yourself and any children or minors travelling with you. You must be able to confirm your legal right or authorization to enter Canada at the border.

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Planning travel to Canada? Visit COVID-19 : Entering Canada requirements checklist for information about quarantine and your admissibility to Canada.

Carry a valid Canadian passport for all visits abroad, including visits to the United States (U.S.). It is the only universally accepted identification document, and it proves that you have a right to return to Canada.

Acceptable documents to denote identity and citizenship

Other acceptable documents for establishing canadian citizenship, other acceptable documents to support identity, acceptable documents for establishing registered indian status and identity.

Upon arrival at a Canadian port of entry, travellers must satisfy a CBSA border services officer (BSO) that they meet the requirements for entry into Canada. For Canadian citizens, permanent residents and persons registered under the Indian Act, this can be done through questioning and through verifying documentation such as a:

• Canadian passport
• Canadian birth certificate
• permanent residence card
• citizenship card
• Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS) card or valid Certificate of Indian Status (CIS) card

If you do not have a passport, and are returning to Canada, the following documents can denote identity and citizenship :

• NEXUS card, held by a Canadian citizen, when entering Canada by air (when coming from the U.S.), land, or marine modes
• FAST card (Free and Secure Trade), issued to a Canadian citizen (when arriving by land or marine modes only)
• Canadian emergency travel document
• Canadian temporary passport
• Certificate of Canadian citizenship (issued from 1954 to present)
• Enhanced driver's license issued by a Canadian province or territory
• Enhanced identification/photo card issued by a Canadian province or territory

Permanent residents of Canada who are members of the NEXUS or FAST programs must travel with a passport and proof of permanent residence , and may be asked to present these documents to the officer upon arrival at the border.

The following documents may be used to establish Canadian citizenship . Upon presentation by travellers, the documents should be supported by other government issued photo identification:

• Certificate of Canadian citizenship (large form issued between January 1, 1947, to February 14, 1977)
• Certificate of retention (issued between January 1, 1947, and February 14, 1977)
• Certificate of naturalization (issued before January 1, 1947)
• Registration of birth abroad certificate (issued between January 1, 1947, and February 14, 1977, by Canadian citizenship authorities)
• Provincial or territorial birth certificate (individuals born in Canada)

The following documents may be used to establish your identity :

• CANPASS card (air, corporate air, private air, remote area border crossing), held by a Canadian citizen
• Commercial driver registration program card, held by a Canadian citizen
• Provincial and territorial driver's license
• Employment or student card with photo and signature
• Provincial health insurance card
• Provincial identity card
• Canadian Forces identification
• Police identification
• Firearms acquisition certificate
• Credit card
• Vehicle insurance certificate
• Vehicle registration

Every person registered under the Indian Act can enter and remain in Canada by right as per subsection A19(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act . The Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS), more commonly referred to as the Status card, is an identity document issued by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada confirming that the cardholder is registered as a Status Indian under the Indian Act .

Note: The Certificate of Indian Status (CIS) was replaced by the SCIS in 2009. Existing versions of the CIS will remain valid until their renewal date.

If you plan to travel to or transit through the U.S., we encourage you to visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website for information concerning the U.S. Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, and the requirements to enter or return to the U.S.

For information on Canada-U.S. border-crossing issues, visit Crossing the Canada-U.S. border with a status card .

When travelling with a minor, you should:

• carry copies of any legal custody documents, such as custody rights, if applicable
• arrive at the border in the same vehicle as the minor
• you share custody of the minor and the other parent or legal guardian is not travelling with you
• you are not the parent or legal guardian of the minor

A consent letter must include the custodial parents' or legal guardians':

• telephone number

Border services officers are always watching for missing children and may ask questions about any minors travelling with you.

To avoid delays, have your consent letter notarized to support its authenticity. For more information on consent letters and to download an interactive form, visit Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad .

More information

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• Our Missing Children program

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All international travellers must carry acceptable identification and a valid visa (if necessary) when entering Canada. A passport is recommended because it is the only reliable and universally-accepted travel and identification document for the purpose of international travel.

International transport companies, such as airlines, must make sure that travellers have proper, valid travel documents. If you do not have the proper documents, you may be delayed or refused entry into Canada . What you need will depend on where you are from, how you are travelling, and what documents you are travelling with. Consult entry requirements by country .

When you enter Canada, a border services officer will ask to see your passport and a valid visa, if you are arriving from a country for which one is required. Visit the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada website to learn more about what travel documents are required.

Citizens of the U.S. who are members of the NEXUS program may present their membership card as proof of identification and as a document that denotes citizenship, when arriving by air (when coming from the U.S.), land, or marine modes.

Citizens of the U.S. who are members of the FAST program may use their cards as proof of identity when arriving by land and marine modes only.

Permanent residents of the U.S. who are members of the NEXUS or FAST programs must travel with a passport and proof of permanent residence , and may be asked to present these documents to the officer upon arrival at the border.

All visitors arriving from or transiting through the U.S. are encouraged to visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website for information concerning the U.S. Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, and the requirements to enter or return to the U.S.

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization ( eTA ) to fly to or transit through Canada.

Exceptions, or visa and eTA-exempt foreign nationals, include:

• U.S. citizens
• U.S Lawful Permanent Residents
• travellers with a valid Canadian visa
• Other exceptions

Canadian citizens, including dual citizens, and Canadian permanent residents do not need to apply for an eTA.

Foreign nationals from select visa-required countries may also travel to or through Canada by air using an eTA , if eligible .

Be prepared: Apply for an eTA before you book your flight to Canada. Most applicants get approved within minutes. However, some applications can take several days to process so don’t wait until the last minute.

• Apply for an Electronic Travel Authorization
• Get help with Electronic Travel Authorizations
• Dual citizens
• Canadian permanent residents
• Lawful permanent residents of the U.S.

Travellers who apply for an eTA are advised to be cautious in all dealings with companies that claim to offer help in getting an eTA. These companies are not operating on behalf of the Government of Canada. Many have established websites that charge a fee to provide information and submit eTA applications.

This Government of Canada website is the official place to apply for an Electronic Travel Application .

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Travelling with children

Travelling with children may require some additional preparation and documentation. You can find useful information on Travel.gc.ca to share with your clients before they leave the country with children, as well as material on international adoption and a sample consent letter for children who are travelling without their parent or legal guardian.

Make sure your clients know they must carry proper identification for themselves and any children travelling with them. In addition to a passport, other supportive documents include:

• birth certificates
• citizenship certificates
• divorce papers
• custody court orders
• death certificate of one (or both) parent(s) or legal guardians

These documents will help prove the child’s citizenship, residency and custodial rights when they are travelling outside of and returning to Canada.

We recommend that children under 18 carry a consent letter from every parent or guardian who is not accompanying them on the trip outside Canada:

• with only one parent or guardian
• with friends or relatives
• with a group

This letter may simplify their travel by proving to border authorities that the trip is permitted by the parents or guardians.

To help your clients have a safe and enjoyable trip when they are travelling abroad with children, read our Children and travel page and recommend it to them.

Try it now!

Check out our consent letter samples and templates by visiting the Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad page.

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I am travelling with my minor child without my spouse. What documents must I present?

You must present the following documents:

• A copy of the child’s birth certificate
• A letter of authorization signed by the parent who is not travelling, containing their address and telephone number, in English or French if possible, and
• A photocopy of the non-accompanying parent’s signed passport or national identity card

If the parents are separated or divorced, and share custody of the child, the parent travelling with the child should carry copies of the legal custody documents.

If the parents are separated or divorced and one of them has sole custody of the child, the letter of authorization may be signed by that parent only and they should bring a copy of the custody papers.

If one of the child’s parents is deceased, the travelling parent should bring a copy of the death certificate.

For more information, see Minor children travelling to Canada .

New entry requirement now in effect

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to or transit through Canada by air. Exceptions include U.S. citizens and travellers with a valid Canadian visa. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens , and Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for an eTA.

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Why You Need a Travel Consent Letter When Travelling with Your Child

The winter season is upon us, and March Break is just around the corner, which means many Ontarians are planning vacation travel plans. 

However, travelling with your children isn’t always so simple if you’re separated , divorced , or without your spouse. That’s where travel consent letters come in. 

We’ll explain travel consent letters, how they work, and what parents should know about using them when travelling with their children. We’ll also touch on the risks associated with international travel and what parents can do to protect themselves if they have concerns about another parent travelling outside the country with their child. 

What is a Travel Consent Letter? 

A travel consent letter is a document signed by one or both parents granting their consent for their child to travel with the other parent (or another person). 

Travel consent letters are commonly used by separated parties (for example, where one parent intends to take the child or children on holiday). Still, they may also be needed in the following scenarios: 

• Where the parents are not separated or divorced, but only one parent is travelling with a child (this is especially important if the child does not have the same last name as the parent they are travelling with);
• Where the child is travelling with both parents but will be returning to Canada with only one parent; 
• Where the child is travelling with a relative (for example, a grandparent) or
• Where the child is travelling with unrelated parties (for example, if the child is travelling out of the country on a school trip). 

What Does a Travel Consent Letter Do? 

A travel consent letter provides border authorities with evidence of a parent or parents’ consent for their child to travel out of the country with another person.

Contrary to popular belief, travel consent letters are not legally required for cross-border travel—though they may be requested by immigration authorities when entering or leaving a foreign country. Therefore, preparing a travel consent letter is prudent whenever your child travels without both parents. 

It’s equally important to remember that travel consent letters aren’t legally binding. Possessing a travel consent letter doesn’t guarantee that a child will be allowed entry into another country without their parents. 

What Information Should a Travel Consent Letter Contain? 

Technically, there aren’t any requirements for what information should be contained in a travel consent letter (though plenty of sample consent letters are available online, including the Government of Canada’s sample travel consent letter ). However, it’s generally best to include as much information as possible in your travel consent letter and to ensure you’re providing, at a minimum, the following information: 

• The full names, contact information, and signatures of the person or persons given consent; 
• The child’s full name, date of birth, place of birth, and passport number; 
• The accompanying parent or individual’s full name, relationship to the child, contact information, and passport number; 
• The travel destination, including the purpose of travel and address where the child will be staying; and
• The travel dates. 

Who Can Sign or Witness a Travel Consent Letter? 

The parent or parents providing consent for their child to travel must sign the travel consent letter. They’ll also need to ensure that another person witnesses their signature and that that person also signs the document. 

While any adult can be a witness for a travel consent letter, the best practice is to have your lawyer witness the document and affix their stamp and notarial seal to it, as immigration officials may be less likely to question its authenticity. 

What Other Documents Do I Need? 

Beyond the child’s passport and other essential travel documents, the parent or person travelling with a child may need to bring other documents. For example, if the child’s parents are separated, immigration authorities may request a copy of the parents’ divorce papers and any custody agreements or orders.  

Key Considerations When Travelling with Children of Separated or Divorced Parents

As noted above, travel consent letters are extremely valuable when a child is not travelling with both parents. 

However, while travel consent letters are a great way to document a child’s travel plans and their parent or parents’ consent to those plans, they do not give parents or other persons carte blanche to travel with a child. Depending on the destination country, the purpose of travel, or other factors, immigration authorities may not permit a child to enter the country. 

Consider also that a travel consent letter does not protect against the risks associated with international travel. Many parents ask whether travel consent letters protect them from another parent travelling with a child and preventing the child from returning to Canada. Unfortunately, a travel consent letter (even one that provides specific travel dates) does not technically prevent the other parent from extending their stay in the other country with the child. 

What to Do in Parental Child Abduction Situations

Situations where a parent takes a child outside of Canada (or keeps them from returning to Canada) in breach of a custody agreement or court order are referred to as “parental child abduction.” 

Parental child abduction is a crime under sections 282 and 283 of Canada’s Criminal Code , R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46 . If a parent has abducted your child (or you suspect that a parent may be attempting to abduct a child) in these circumstances, contact an experienced family law lawyer or Global Affairs Canada ’s Case Management Division for emergency assistance.

Avoiding Parental Child Abduction

If you believe that a trip abroad with a parent may lead to parental child abduction, it’s critical to take steps to prevent the situation from happening. Some steps that can help include the following: 

• Ensure your parenting or custody order includes conditions relating to international travel. 
• Secure your child’s passport. 
• Maintain contact with your child and the other parent. 
• Consult Global Affairs Canada for further information about preventing child abduction (in particular, their guide, International Child Abduction: A guide for affected parents ). 
• Speak with an experienced family law lawyer for advice about your situation and additional steps that can help you prevent parental child abduction. 

Remember, at the end of the day, there are many resources available to parents that can help navigate complicated parenting situations. Working with an experienced family law lawyer in these cases can help you protect your rights and bring you peace of mind. 

Skilled and Compassionate Ottawa Family Lawyers Assisting Parents With Their Family Law Matters

Navigating parenting after a separation or divorce can be challenging, particularly regarding issues like international travel. At Tierney Stauffer LLP , we empower clients with the information needed to help them understand their rights, obligations, and options. Our team offers skilled yet practical legal advice to help parents preserve their rights and protect their interests – all while avoiding unnecessary conflict. To schedule a confidential consultation about your family law matter, contact us at 1-888-799-8057 or online .

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2. Get a travel consent letter

Question & Answer

It's a good idea to get a travel consent letter from your partner that says they agree to let you travel with your child.

Canada doesn't have a law that says you have to carry a travel consent letter if you're travelling with your child. But when entering or leaving a foreign country you may be asked for one by immigration authorities, airline agents, or Canadian officials when re-entering Canada. If you don't have a letter, your travel may be delayed and you may not get permission to enter or leave a country.

The Government of Canada also strongly recommends that all children traveling with one parent, another family member, friends, or a group, carry a travel consent letter. A sample travel consent letter is available on its website.

There are no rules about what the letter should say. But it should be as detailed as possible. Include information like:

• your child's full name
• your child's passport number
• your child's date of birth
• your travel dates
• the places you are going to
• your contact information while traveling
• your full name
• your passport number
• your relationship to the child
• your partner's full name
• your partner's contact information

It's best to get your partner to sign this letter in front of a notary public, but you don't have to. A notary public is a person who is able to verify a person's signature on a document.

Steps to Justice Partners

Travel Consent Letter: Is It Legally Required?

In case your child travels abroad, it is recommended to notarize a  Travel Consent Letter. All-Canada Notary can help you with notarization of your child’s consent letter. It can be notarized online / remotely  or in-person in one of our offices by a licensed notary public. 

What Is a Travel Consent Letter?

A travel consent letter is a document that provides authorization from a parent or guardian for a child to travel alone or with someone other than their parents.

Is a Travel Consent Letter Legally Required?

While a consent letter is not a legal requirement in Canada, some other countries may refuse to allow your child to enter if the consent letter is not provided. It can simplify travel for Canadian children as it may be requested by immigration authorities when entering or leaving a foreign country or by Canadian officials or airline agents when re-entering Canada. The Government of Canada strongly recommends that this is done.

Do I Need to Notarize a Travel Consent Letter?

A notarization for the letter is not a legal requirement, but it is highly recommended by the Canadian government. Because notaries have the legal power to verify that signatures are true and genuine, your consent to travel letter is more likely to be accepted as authentic by immigration authorities.

Please do not sign any documents required to be notarized or commissioned until you meet our notary public, as we need to see you sign the document as required by law.

Can This Letter Be Notarized Online?

The travel consent letters can be notarized online. You can book an appointment with us today and have your consent letter notarized remotely. Book an appointment here

When Is A Travel Consent Letter Required?

There are certain conditions that require the child to have a travel consent form to travel outside the country. Some of the conditions include:

• When children are traveling alone without a parent or a guardian.
• If a child is traveling with only one legal parent.
• When the child is traveling with a legal guardian.
• If the child is traveling with a group for a school or college outing.

Minors Travelling within Canada

Minors (individuals under 18 years of age) should carry identification when traveling within Canada. While a passport is not mandatory for domestic travel, it is highly recommended, especially for air travel. Other accepted forms of identification for minors may include a birth certificate, citizenship card, or provincial/territorial identification card.

Can You Use a Copy of the Consent Letter Or Original?

It is generally recommended that the person accompanying a child carries the original signed letter rather than a copy.  While officials may accept a copy of the letter, having the original document can help establish the authenticity and legitimacy of the letter.

At What Age Consent Letter Is Not Required?

The age of majority is generally 18 years old in most provinces and territories, including Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, and Quebec. However, there are a few exceptions:  In Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, and Yukon, the age of majority is 19 years old .

Because the definition of a child varies from country to country, so any child under 19 years old should carry a consent letter.

What Should a Child Travel Consent Letter Contain?

A child travel consent form in Canada should contain the following information:

• Child’s Information: Full name, date of birth, and passport information (if applicable) of the child traveling.
• Parent/Guardian Information: Full name, address, contact information, and relationship to the child of the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) providing consent.
• Travel Details: Dates of travel, destination(s), purpose of travel, and mode of transportation (flight, train, etc.).
• Accompanying Adult(s): Full name, address, contact information, and relationship to the child of the adult(s) who will be accompanying the child during the trip.
• Consent Statement: A clear and unambiguous statement indicating that the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) consent to the child traveling with the accompanying adult(s) for the specified period and purpose.
• Notarization: The consent form should be notarized or witnessed by a legal authority, such as a lawyer or notary public. This adds credibility and authenticity to the document.
• Contact Information: Provide emergency contact information for the parent(s) or legal guardian(s) in case of any unforeseen circumstances.
• Copies of Supporting Documents: It is advisable to attach copies of the child’s birth certificate, passport, and any other relevant identification documents.
• Additional Instructions: Any specific instructions or restrictions related to the child’s travel, such as medical conditions, allergies, or necessary medications, should be clearly stated.

Who Should Sign the Consent Letter?

Generally, if a child is traveling with only one parent or without either parent, it is recommended to have a travel consent letter signed by the non-accompanying parent . In cases where the child is traveling with someone other than their parents, both parents may need to provide a travel consent letter.

If neither parent is accompanying the child, they can both sign 1 letter or they can each sign a separate letter. Children from the same family who are travelling together may be listed on 1 (one) letter

If Parents Separated or Divorced

Parents who are not accompanying the child travelling outside Canada and who have 1 of the following:

• custody of the child
• decision-making responsibility for the child
• guardianship of the child (in Alberta and British Columbia

If One of The Parents Is Deceased?

It is preferable for the parent travelling with the child to carry a copy of the death certificate.

Should Witness Sign a Consent Letter?

Canada does not require a travel consent letter to be signed by a witness. However, any adult may witness the signing of a consent letter.

What Are the Other Names for the Document?

Child Travel Consent Letter, Children’s International Travel Consent Letter, Consent Letter for Child Traveling Abroad, International Travel Consent Letter, Minor Travel Consent Letter

Does the Length of the Trip Matter?

It is recommended to have a travel consent letter for a child, even if their trip abroad is for a single day.

Do Teens Need Travel Consent Letters?

As mentioned above, a minor is defined as anyone who is under the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory they live in). This means that teens travelling abroad will also benefit from carrying a notarized travel consent letter

What If There Is Not a Father On the Birth Certificate?

If the birth certificate does not include the father’s information , a consent letter is unnecessary. However, the long form birth certificate will need to be presented, stating that there is only one parent.

Now, you must have a clear knowledge about why and when the travel consent letters are essential. It is important not just for the safety of the kids but also for the parents. Parents can also be assured of their kids going with a known guardian or group of people for international trips or outings. It has helped the Canadian government suppress child abduction and other heinous crimes against kids.

To help you with it, All-Canada Notary is here to assist you with Notary Public Services. We have the best team of professionals to look after your needs at an affordable rate. For more information, you can visit the  website  and book an  online appointment  today!

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Guide 5529 - Applying for a Permanent Resident Travel Document (PRTD) 

Canada’s entry rules

Permanent residents (PR) of Canada must carry and show their valid permanent resident card (PR card) or permanent resident travel document (PRTD) when boarding a flight to Canada, or travelling to Canada on any other commercial carrier.

If you do not carry your PR card or PRTD, you may not be able to board your flight, train, bus or boat to Canada.

It is your responsibility to make sure your PR card is still valid when you return from travel outside Canada and to apply for a new PR card before your current card expires.

You can now apply for a permanent resident travel document (PRTD) online through the permanent residence portal .

You can benefit from:

• Applying anytime, 24/7
• Quick and easy upload of all your information, including payment
• No printing required

Table of Contents

Before you apply.

• Step 1: Gather documents
• Step 2: Fill out the application
• Step 3: Pay the fees
• Step 4: Submit the application

What happens next?

Appendix a: residency obligation.

This is not a legal document. The explanations and definitions are not legal definitions. In case of a discrepancy between the language in this document and the relevant legislation or regulations, the legal text in the legislation and regulations prevails.

For legal information, consult the following documents:

• Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
• Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations

Who should use this application guide?

Use this application if you are a permanent resident outside Canada who does not have a valid Permanent Resident card (PR card) to return to Canada.

The permanent resident travel document (PRTD) is a temporary official document proving your status as a permanent resident in Canada. It proves to transportation companies that you’re allowed to travel to Canada as a permanent resident if you don’t have a valid PR card in your possession.

You need a PRTD if:

• you are a permanent resident outside Canada without a valid PR card
• you plan to travel to Canada by any commercial transporter, such as a plane, train, boat or bus and
• you need to apply to renew or replace your PR card when you return to Canada

These documents are not valid for travel to Canada:

• Record of Landing (IMM 1000)
• Confirmation of Permanent Residence (IMM 5292 or IMM 5688)

Who should not apply for a Permanent Resident Travel Document?

• Canadian citizens
• Foreign Nationals who do not have Permanent Resident status
• Permanent residents with a valid PR  card in their possession
• Permanent residents who want to voluntarily give up (renounce) their permanent residence status
• Past Permanent Residents who have lost their PR status

Note: Permanent residents inside Canada should apply for a PR  card using the application kit Applying for a Permanent Resident Card (IMM 5445) .

What are the requirements?

To apply for a PRTD you need to:

• prove who you are;
• confirm your permanent resident status; and
• meet the residency obligation of a permanent resident.

Use the Document Checklist (IMM 5644)   (opens in a new tab) to make sure you have all the documents needed. Send the checklist with your application.

Important information:

Once we make a decision on your application, you’ll receive an email with instructions on how and where to submit your valid passport or travel document as we need it to attach your PRTD.

Send photocopies of all identity and immigration documents, including your valid passport or travel document. Do not send originals , as they will not be returned to you. See the document checklist for more details.

Legal name change

If you are a permanent resident and changed your name outside of Canada, submit:

• a foreign passport or other national authoritative document that shows your new name; and
• an official document linking the old and new names.

NOTE: IRCC will issue a PRTD counterfoil based on the name on your passport. If you had a name change abroad, the name on your foreign passport provided with your application should reflect the new name and you must submit the supporting documents above.

Who may use this application?

You may use this application to apply for a PRTD if you don't have a valid PR card to return to Canada.

You cannot apply for a PR card while overseas. Once you receive your PRTD, you can travel to Canada. You can apply for a PR card once you have returned to Canada using the Application for a Permanent Resident Card or Permanent Resident Travel Document (IMM 5444E) (PDF, 2.7 MB) form.

• meet the residency obligation; and
• are living outside Canada on a long-term basis (for example, if you are a permanent resident accompanying your Canadian citizen spouse).

Include a cover letter that explains your circumstances and request a multiple entry PRTD.

Multiple entry PRTDs cannot extend beyond the expiry date of your passport.

Are you eligible?

To be eligible for a PRTD, you must:

• be a permanent resident outside Canada;
• confirm your PR status;
• not be in possession of a valid PR card;
• meet the residency obligation of a permanent resident;
• not be a Canadian citizen;
• not be a permanent resident who wants to voluntarily give up (renounce) their PR status , and
• not have lost your PR status.

Step 1: Get your supporting documents

What documents do i need.

Use the Document Checklist (IMM 5644) (PDF, 2.19 MB) to confirm which documents you need.

Include the completed document checklist with your application.

Note: We may ask for more documents at any time while we are processing your application. If you do not submit the requested documents, there will be delays in processing.

You must complete and submit these documents:

• Copy of your current and valid passport.

Once we make a decision on your application, you'll receive an email with instructions on how and where to submit your valid passport or travel document.

• Copies of all pages of the passport(s) or travel document(s) used in the past five (5) years immediately before the application, including your valid passport or travel document. Do not send original documents, as they will not be returned to you. Please ensure these are legible, to avoid delays in processing.
• Proof showing that you meet the residency obligation in the past five (5) years immediately before the application. Please refer to Appendix A: Residency Obligation .
• Fees: Copy of the receipt showing the amount paid.

Additional forms and supporting documents to include, if they apply:

Authorization to travel for minors – Provide parent or legal guardian permission to travel and documents giving consent for children to travel as unaccompanied minors.

Note: Children under 18 years of age who are travelling alone must carry written information about the person who will be responsible for them. If a child in this application is under a custody order or is travelling with one parent, you must provide proof of custody or the other parent's consent for the trip. Children travelling without their custodial parent(s) need a letter of permission to travel from the non-accompanying parent(s).

• To be considered on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, include supporting documents that support your request to keep your permanent residence. See the "Humanitarian and compassionate grounds" section of the instruction guide for more information.

If you’re applying from China and have a Chinese passport

• It must show a record of your entry to and exit from China for 5 years before the date of your application.
• You can get the document from the local Public Security Bureau.
• Make sure you translate the document to English or French.

Step 2: Fill out the forms

You’ll fill out this digital form online

• Application for a Permanent Resident Card or Permanent Resident Travel Document (IMM 5444E)

You must type your full name exactly as shown on your passport to digitally sign your application.

NOTE: If you cannot apply online and require accommodations, including for accessibility reasons, you can apply by paper .

If you require additional context on specific questions on the IMM 5444 form, please visit our step by step instructions on how to complete the form . You must answer all questions . If you leave any sections blank, we will return your application and processing will be delayed.

If you need more space, include another sheet of paper with your application and at the top of the page, print your name and the number of the question you are answering clearly in black.

You must also complete and submit the following forms:

If you are applying online, you will fill out and upload these PDF forms into the portal. If you are applying by paper you will need to complete these PDF forms and include it with your mailed application.

• Document Checklist [IMM 5644] (PDF, 2.19 MB)

Additional forms (if they apply):

• you and your immigration representative must sign this by hand
• Authority to Release Personal Information to a Designated Individual [IMM 5475] (PDF, 593.57 KB)

Warning : It is a serious crime to provide false or misleading information on these forms. We may verify your responses

Technical issues

If you’re having technical issues with the portal, contact us using the web form

• under type of application/enquiry , choose technical difficulties from the drop-down menu
• in the text box, specify what you’re applying for
• the page where you’re having problems
• the error message(s) you get

If you need to upload a number of images, find out how to combine them into 1 document .

Use of a Representative (IMM 5476)

Who may use this form.

Complete this form only if you:

• are appointing a representative;
• have to update contact information for your previously appointed representative; or
• are cancelling a representative’s appointment.

If you have dependent children aged 18 years or older, they are required to complete their own copy of this form if a representative is also conducting business on their behalf.

Who is a representative?

A representative is someone who provides advice, consultation, or guidance to you at any stage of the application process, or in a proceeding and, if you appoint them as your representative by filling out this form, has your permission to conduct business on your behalf with Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).

You are not obliged to hire a representative. We treat everyone equally, whether they use the service of a representative or not.

When you appoint a representative:

• you also authorize IRCC and CBSA to share information from your case file with this person in place of you. Please note the representative will receive all correspondence from IRCC or the CBSA, not the applicant;
• your application will not be given special attention nor can you expect faster processing or a more favourable outcome;
• the representative is authorized to represent you only on citizenship or immigration matters related to the application you submit with this form; and
• you can appoint only one (1) representative for each application you submit.

There are two (2) types of representatives.

Uncompensated representatives:.

Uncompensated representatives do not charge fees or receive any other form of consideration or compensation for providing advice or services to represent you before IRCC or the CBSA.

Uncompensated representatives include:

• Friends, family members or other third parties who do not, and will not, charge a fee or receive any other consideration for their advice and services;
• consultants, lawyers and Quebec notaries, and students-at-law under their supervision, who do not, and will not, charge a fee or receive any other consideration to represent you.

Note: You do not have to pay someone for them to be your representative. IRCC will conduct business with an uncompensated representative if an applicant appoints them on their behalf.

Compensated representatives:

Compensated representatives charge a fee or receive some other form of consideration in exchange for the representation that they provide.

It is important to know that anyone who represents or advises you for payment - or offers to do so - in connection with IRCC proceedings or applications is breaking the law unless they are an authorized representative or they have a specific agreement or arrangement with the Government of Canada that allows them to represent or advise you. This applies to advice or consultation which happens before or after a citizenship or an immigration application is made or a proceeding begins.

IRCC will only conduct business with compensated representatives who are in good standing with their designated regulatory body. For more information see - Find out if your representative is authorized .

Note: If a representative is being paid or compensated by someone other than you, the representative is still considered to be a compensated representative.

Authorized representatives are:

• consultants who are members in good standing of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants (CICC);
• lawyers and paralegals who are members in good standing of a Canadian provincial or territorial law society and students-at-law under their supervision;
• notaries who are members in good standing of the Chambre des notaires du Québec and students-at-law under their supervision.

If you appoint a compensated representative who is not a member in good standing of one of these designated bodies, your application will be returned. Learn about using a representative .

General Application Information

Appoint a representative.

• Check box to indicate if you are appointing a representative to represent you with your application process. Complete sections A, B and D.

Cancel a representative

• Check box to indicate if you are canceling a representative. Complete sections A, C and D; and
• Check both boxes and complete all sections if you are cancelling a representative and appointing a new one at the same time.

Section A – Applicant Information

Write your last name (surname or family name) and given name(s).

Write your date of birth.

• the name of the office where the application was submitted; and
• the type of application you have submitted.

Write your IRCC’s Identification (ID) or Unique Client Identifier (UCI) number (if known). If you have not dealt with IRCC since 1973, you will not have a UCI or a Client ID.

Section B – Appointment of Representative

Write your representative’s full name.

If your representative is a member of the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants (CICC), a law society or the Chambre des notaires du Québec , print their name as it appears on the organization’s membership list .

Check one box to indicate if your representative is uncompensated or compensated.

• the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants (CICC) ; or
• a Canadian provincial or territorial law society ; or
• the Chambre des notaires du Québec .

Write your representative’s contact information.

If you are appointing a student-at-law to represent you, include their supervising lawyer’s information including their membership ID.

Note: By indicating your representative’s e-mail address, you are hereby authorizing IRCC to transmit your file and personal information to this specific e-mail address.

To accept responsibility for conducting business on your behalf, your representative must:

• sign the declaration; and
• date the declaration.

Section C – Cancel the Appointment of a Representative

Fill in this section if you wish to cancel the appointment of a representative. Write the representative’s full name.

Complete all sections of the form if you wish to both cancel a representative and appoint a new one.

Section D – Your Declaration

By signing, you authorize IRCC to complete your request for yourself and your dependent children under 18 years of age.

For sponsorship application, your spouse or common-law partner does not have to complete a separate request. If your spouse or common-law partner is included in this request, they must sign in the box provided.

Release of information to other individuals

To authorize IRCC to release information from your case file to someone other than a representative, you will need to complete the form Authority to Release Personal Information to a Designated Individual [IMM 5475] (PDF, 593.57 KB) .

The person you designate under that form (IMM 5475) will be able to obtain information on your case file, such as the status of your application. However, they will not be able to conduct business on your behalf with IRCC.

Where to submit the IMM 5475 and IMM 5476 forms

Paper applications.

If you have not yet submitted your immigration or citizenship application:

Send this form along with your application to the office listed in the guide of your application.

If you have already submitted your immigration or citizenship application:

You may use this Web form to upload IMM 5475 or IMM 5476.

If you know which IRCC office is processing your immigration or citizenship application, send the completed form to the office mailing address. Consult IRCC office mailing addresses .

Online applications

Upload this form along with your online application

You may use this  Web form  to upload IMM 5475 or IMM 5476.

Notify IRCC about any changes

You must let IRCC know if any information changes regarding the person you authorized to represent you on your application.

Step 3: Pay your fees

You must pay a processing fee when you apply.

Visit the Pay your fees page for instructions on how to complete payment online.

In order to retrieve payment instructions on the webpage, select the country you are paying from, then under the application you are submitting select “permanent residence,” and under the document you are applying for select “permanent resident travel document.”

You must include the payment receipt with your application.

The processing fee will not be refunded:

• once we have started processing your application, or
• if your application is refused.

Step 4: Submit your application

If you apply online

When applying online, submit your application and all supporting documents through the permanent residence portal .

If you submit a paper application

If you choose to submit your application on paper, and the country you’re applying from supports paper applications, submit your application to your nearest visa application centre (VAC) .

In a sealed envelope, submit:

• all supporting documents;
• your completed  Application for a Permanent Resident Card or Permanent Resident Travel Document (IMM 5444) ; and
• the  Document Checklist (IMM 5644) .

You must  provide all information and documents when you submit your application.

To find out where to submit your application, visit  Apply for a permanent resident travel document .

Urgent processing for your PRTD application

If you are applying on paper and requesting urgent processing, write "Urgent" on your envelope.

Provide your date of travel and include a supporting document explaining why.

• your own serious illness;
• the serious illness or death of a family member;
• lost/stolen Permanent Resident card while on temporary travel outside of Canada
• you are in a crisis, emergency, or a vulnerable situation;
• a letter explaining the reason for the urgency with your date of travel; and
• proof of urgency (i.e. a doctor's note, death certificate, etc.)

You must provide the English or French translation for any documents that are not English or French. See the section translation of documents .

Note: If you do not send all this information, we may not process your application urgently. If you qualify, we can't guarantee that you will get your PRTD on time.

An officer will decide if you are eligible for a PRTD . A decision is usually made without a personal interview and is based on your application, information and documents submitted.

If your application is complete and you meet the requirements:

• you will be issued a PRTD counterfoil in your passport.

The PRTD is all you need from the visa office for re-entry to Canada.

If your application is incomplete:

• Your application will be returned to you.

If your application for a PRTD is refused:

• you will get a refusal letter, explaining the reasons for the refusal and your appeal rights.

If you decide to appeal a negative decision, follow the instructions in the “Notice of Appeal” form and letter sent with your refusal.

If your application is withdrawn:

• You will get a letter explaining the reasons for the withdrawal.

Calculating days present in Canada

You must meet the residency obligation to qualify for a PRTD.

If you have been a permanent resident for five (5) years or more

• you must have been physically present in Canada for a minimum of 730 days within the five (5) years immediately before you apply for a PRTD.

If you have been a permanent resident for less than five (5) years

• you must show that you will be able to meet the minimum of 730 days of physical presence in Canada within five (5) years of the date you became a permanent resident.

Supporting documents showing that you meet the residency obligation

• employment records or pay stubs;
• bank statements;
• Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Notice of Assessment for the five (5) years immediately before the application
• evidence that you received benefits from Canadian government programs;
• rental agreements;
• club memberships;
• or any other documents that prove you met your residency obligation.

Travel journal

Record your trips outside Canada. It will help you fill out your application .

Time spent outside Canada

If you were outside Canada for more than 1095 days, you may count days you spent outside Canada toward the days required for you to meet the residency obligation in these cases:

Situation A. Employment outside Canada

You may count each day you worked outside Canada if your employment meets these requirements:

• a Canadian business
• the public service of Canada
• a province or territory and
• a position outside Canada
• an affiliated enterprise outside Canada or
• a client of the Canadian business or the public service outside Canada

For this application, a Canadian business is defined as:

• a corporation that is incorporated under the laws of Canada or of a province and that has an ongoing operation in Canada
• has an ongoing operation in Canada
• is able to generate revenue
• is carried out in anticipation of profit
• in which a majority of voting or ownership interests is held by Canadian citizens, permanent residents, or Canadian businesses as defined above or
• an organization or enterprise created by the laws of Canada or a province

Supporting documents:

• the position and title of the signing official;
• the nature of the business and how it fits the description of a Canadian business (see definition above);
• length of the assignment;
• confirmation that you are a full-time employee of the "Canadian business" working abroad on a full-time basis as a term of your employment, or that you are on contract working abroad on a full-time basis as a term of your contract; and
• a description or copy of the position profile regarding the assignment or contract abroad;
• that you will continue working for the employer in Canada after your assignment ends; and
• that the business was not created mainly for the purpose of meeting your residency obligation.
• articles of incorporation and business licences
• partnership agreements or corporate annual reports
• corporate Canadian Income Tax Notices of Assessment or financial statements
• copies of the Employee Assignment Agreement or Contract
• copies of any agreements between the Canadian business and the business or client outside Canada concerning your assignment to that client or business
• pay statements
• Canadian Income Tax Notice of Assessment for the five years immediately before the application
• any other proof you want us to consider

Situation B. Accompanying a Canadian citizen outside Canada

You may count each day you accompanied a Canadian citizen outside Canada as long as this person is your spouse, common-law partner or parent (if you were a child under 19 years of age before October 24, 2017 or under 22 years of age after October 24, 2017).

Proof needed

You must provide supporting documents to prove that:

• The person you are accompanying is a Canadian citizen; and
• you are the spouse, common-law partner or child of that person.

Supporting documents may include:

• all passports or other travel documents that the person you are accompanying used in the five (5) years before the application;
• documents showing the citizenship of the person you are accompanying, including the date the person became a Canadian citizen;
• proof of the residential addresses of the person you are accompanying for the five (5) years before the application;
• marriage licence or proof of common-law partnership (if you are accompanying a spouse or common-law partner);
• child's birth certificate, baptismal document, or adoption or legal guardianship document (if you are accompanying a parent);
• Canadian Income Tax Notice of Assessment (NOA) for the past two (2) years
• school or employment records;
• association or club memberships;
• any other documents you want us to consider.

Situation C. Accompanying a permanent resident outside Canada

You may count each day you accompanied a permanent resident outside Canada as long as:

• the person you accompanied is your spouse, common-law partner or parent (if you were a child under 19 years of age before October 24, 2017 or under 22 years of age after October 24, 2017); and
• the person was employed on a full-time basis by a Canadian business or in the public service of Canada or of a province or territory during the time you accompanied them.
• The person you are accompanying is a permanent resident;
• You are the spouse, common-law partner or child of that person; and
• The permanent resident you are accompanying meets the residency obligation.
• documents showing the person you are accompanying meets the residency obligation;
• all passports or other travel documents the person you are accompanying used in the five (5) years before the application
• marriage licence or proof of common-law partnership (if you are accompanying a permanent resident spouse or common-law partner);
• child's birth certificate, baptismal document, or adoption or legal guardianship document (if you are accompanying a permanent resident parent);
• School or employment records;
• Canadian Income Tax Notice of Assessment;

Humanitarian and compassionate grounds

If you cannot meet the residency obligation, it may still be possible to keep your status as a permanent resident of Canada. To assess your application on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, you must show that there were exceptional circumstances or factors beyond your control that have kept you living outside Canada.

Factors that might be acceptable are unusual and undeserved, or disproportionate hardships you would face if you lost your permanent resident status.

To have your application considered on humanitarian and compassionate grounds, you must:

• answer question 5.7 on the application form;
• provide proof that there are compelling humanitarian and compassionate factors in your personal circumstances that justify keeping your permanent resident status;
• describe why you were not able to meet the residency obligation;
• family members who would be directly affected by this decision; and
• the best interests of any child directly affected by this decision, if this applies to you.

While there are no guidelines about the supporting documents to submit, you must provide documents and information on any aspect of your exceptional circumstances that would justify keeping your permanent resident status.

An officer will consider the factors of your case and will make a decision based on the information and documents you provide with your application.

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International travel documents for children

See what documents a child needs to travel to or from the U.S. alone or with a parent or relative.

Children traveling to the U.S.

All children, including infants, must have their own travel documents such as a passport or document from a Trusted Traveler Program to enter the U.S. If you travel or are going to travel with a child, consider taking the following documents:

• If the child is traveling with only one of their custodial parents, they must have a letter of consent, preferably in English and notarized, from the other parent or signed by both parents. The letter should say "I acknowledge that my son/daughter is traveling outside the country with [the name of the adult] with my permission."
• If one parent has sole custody of the child, a copy of the custody document can take the place of the other parent's letter.
• Parents who frequently cross the border by land with a minor must always carry a letter of permission from the other parent.

U.S. citizen children traveling abroad

Ports of entry in many countries have security measures to prevent international child abduction . If you are traveling alone with your child, you may be required to present documentation proving you are the parent or legal guardian. You may also need a letter of permission from the other parent for your child to travel. 

If your child travels alone, depending on the country, they may be required to present a notarized letter from both parents or their legal guardian. If a minor is traveling abroad and is not accompanied by both parents or a legal guardian, contact the embassy or consulate of the country you will be visiting and ask about entry and exit requirements for that country.

LAST UPDATED: December 6, 2023

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Travel consent letters

Parental alienation, unauthorized wedding officiant.

When one parent travels with a child, even if the parents are not separated, it is always good practice to have a travel consent letter. A travel consent letter provides consent from the parent(s) or guardian(s) not with the child to travel abroad, sets out the details of travel, whether the child is traveling alone or with only one parent/guardian, and contact information for the non-traveling parent/guardian.

While a travel consent letter is not a legal requirement for traveling with a child without one or both parents, it may be requested during travel. Immigration authorities may ask for a travel letter when entering or leaving a foreign country or Canadian officials may ask the for a letter when re-entering Canada.

The letter can be witnessed by anyone who is over the age of majority or by a notary public. The Government of Canada strongly recommends that the letter be witnessed by a notary public so that border officials will be less likely to question its authenticity. When a document is notarized it adds the further check that someone appointed by the province of Ontario to be a notary public has confirmed the identity of the person signing the document. All lawyers who are members of the Law Society of Ontario can be appointed as a notary public (and majority, if not all, have applied to be a notary public). Non-lawyers may also apply for appointment as a notary public if they are a Canadian citizen and under specific employment conditions.

The Government of Canada has more information and sample consent letters on its website: https://travel.gc.ca/travelling/children/consent-letter .

Before traveling out of the province or country, ensure that your court order(s) permits the child to travel. In some cases, the court may order the child not be removed from Ontario or Canada.

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Recommended Consent Letter for Children Travelling Abroad

Free downloads: travel consent letter (government of canada template), to save: right click to “save as” on laptop / desktop.

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What is a travel consent letter?

• If your child will be traveling abroad alone, or only one parent is joining the child who is traveling, the Government of Canada strongly recommends that Canadian children carry a notarized consent letter if they are travelling abroad alone, with only one parent or legal guardian, with friends or relatives or with a group.
• For the purposes of this consent letter, a Canadian child is defined as anyone who is under the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence).

Book Notary Appointment Now : Notary Pro Canada notarizes hundreds of travel consent letters every year for only $30 (HST included) for the first notarized letter, and $20 each thereafter. Book online below or call toll-free 1-888-313-0909 .

If you already have a consent letter ready, notarize it by booking online below.

Is a travel consent letter legally required?

• A consent letter is not a legal requirement in Canada, but it can simplify international travel for Canadian children, as it may be requested by immigration authorities when entering or leaving a foreign country or by Canadian officials when re-entering Canada. The letter demonstrates that Canadian children have permission to travel abroad from parents or guardians who are not accompanying them.
• The Government of Canada recommends that you talk to a lawyer about the legal issues that apply to you and your children’s unique situation, particularly if your parenting arrangement has special terms governing international travel. Carrying a consent letter does not guarantee that children will be allowed to enter or leave a country, as every country has its own entry and exit requirements.

For additional information about entry and exit requirements for Canadian children travelling alone, with only one parent or with another accompanying person, see the Government of Canada’s T ravel Advice and Advisories or contact the nearest embassy or consulate of the destination country.

The Government of Canada recommends that the letter be signed by every non-accompanying person or organization with the legal right to make major decisions for the child, including anyone with:

• custody rights,
• guardianship rights, or
• parental authority (in Quebec only)

The Government of Canada also recommend that the letter be signed by any non-accompanying parent who has access to the child. We cannot provide legal advice as we are not a law firm, so if you have any questions about this form you should consult a lawyer. Or, email us for a lawyer referral.

Notary Pro Canada is Ontario’s top-rated notary public and commissioner of oaths. Every year we notarize hundreds of travel consent letters.

Book your notary appointment now, or call 1-888-313-0909 .

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