travel formalities in canada

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Who can apply

On this page, who can get a visa, some people are not allowed to enter canada, minor children travelling to canada.

You must meet some basic requirements to get a visitor visa.

• have a valid travel document , like a passport
• be in good health
• have no criminal or immigration-related convictions
• convince an immigration officer that you have ties—such as a job, home, financial assets or family—that will take you back to your home country
• convince an immigration officer that you will leave Canada at the end of your visit
• The amount of money you will need depends on how long you will stay and if you will stay in a hotel, or with friends or relatives.

You may also need a medical exam and letter of invitation from someone who lives in Canada.

Check the list of documents you need based on your situation .

Some people are inadmissible to Canada, which means they are not allowed to enter the country. You can be inadmissible for several reasons, including being involved in:

• criminal activity
• human rights violations
• organized crime

You can also be inadmissible for security, health or financial reasons. Find out more about inadmissibility .

Make sure you know what to do if your minor children (children under the age of 18) will be travelling with you, with someone else, or alone.

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Travel outside Canada

It is important to be prepared and to expect the unexpected wherever in the world you may be. Here is helpful information on health and safety, travel documents, Canada-U.S border wait times, travelling with children and more.

Measles cases are increasing worldwide

Before travelling, check that you and your family have received the recommended measles vaccinations.

Do not travel if you have symptoms of measles or have been in contact with someone with measles.

If you develop symptoms of measles after your return to Canada, call a health care provider right away.

Global Measles Notice

Services and information

Travel advice and advisories.

Official Government of Canada travel information

Travel Advice and Advisories archives

Government of Canada’s Travel Advice and Advisories archives from November 16, 2012 to the present

Health and safety outside Canada

Essential information on travel health and safety risks and how to prevent them

Travel documents

Passports, visas, international driving permits and other documents you will need when you travel abroad

Types of travellers

Find travel information specific to dual citizens, women, older people, 2SLGBTQI+ people and other types of travellers

Canada to U.S. border wait times

Regularly updated list of wait times at border crossing points for drivers going to the U.S. from Canada

• Registration of Canadians Abroad

Sign up with the Registration of Canadians Abroad service to stay connected to Canada in case of an emergency abroad or an emergency at home

Children and travel

Everything you need to know to travel safely with children abroad

Living abroad

Be informed and prepared for the benefits and challenges of working, studying, retiring, volunteering or travelling on business abroad before you leave Canada

Resources for educators, students and travel counsellors

Online training and web-based resources for educators, students and travel counsellors

Publications

Ordering and reading our wide range of publications is a good first step to a safe and healthy trip abroad

Cannabis and international travel

Understand and avoid the risks related to cannabis and international travel

Travelling and money

Information about using cash, credit cards and debit cards abroad, taxation and travelling with $10,000 or more

Schengen Area

Important information for travellers to Europe

What we are doing

Policies, acts and regulations.

• Citizenship Act
• Canadian Air Transport Security Authority Act
• Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Act
• Public Health Agency of Canada Act
• Bon voyage, but... Essential information for Canadian travellers
• Travelling with children
• Well on Your Way - A Canadian's Guide to Healthy Travel Abroad

All related publications

• CATSA claims forms
• Recommended consent letter for children travelling abroad

Before travelling, check that you and your family have received the recommended measles vaccinations and know what symptoms to look out for.

A quick searchable guide to what you can and cannot bring on a plane.

A free service provided by Global Affairs Canada that keeps you connected to Canada in case of an emergency abroad or at home.

Manners and Etiquette in Canada

The stereotype of the “polite Canadian” may be cliché, but it does have some basis in reality. Canada is a nation with fairly strong conventions of social etiquette, and properly obeying and understanding these rules is an important way to “fit in” to broader Canadian society.

In general, Canadians are a mostly friendly, unpretentious people who value honesty, sensitivity, empathy and humility in their relationships with friends and strangers, as well as respect for the privacy and individualism of others. While obviously many Canadians fail at honouring these lofty principles, such values nevertheless provide the essence of “good manners” in mainstream Canadian society.

Dressing for the occasion

Most corporate Canadian workplaces embrace a dress code known as "business casual," with outfits similar to the ones above representing the norm. Ties and jackets for men have become increasingly uncommon in all but the most formal or high-ranking office settings.

Roles and Formalities

Canada is usually considered a mostly egalitarian country in the tradition of other western democracies, meaning respect for hierarchy is not considered a particularly important value in daily life. Most Canadians are strong individualists of one form or another, and will dislike changing too much of their behaviour or personality to please others — indeed, aggressive conformity may be scorned by others as phony or weak.

Modern Canadian children are usually permitted to be relatively outspoken and independent from a young age, and may talk to adults, even teachers or parents, in the same casual way they do to friends. The same is mostly true for employer-employee relations. Maintaining a friendly workplace where everyone acts as if they’re on “the same level” (even if they’re obviously not) is exceedingly common in Canada these days. “Pulling rank,” by contrast — when someone bluntly demands that others obey them based on their position alone — is a practice controversial enough to have its own pejorative name. Though the Canadian parliament , judicial system and military possess a lot of complex protocols dictating things like proper titles of address and appropriate dress, such institutions are considered outliers of unusual formality and strictness within a broader, casual culture of cooperative and relaxed relationships.

The main figures of reverence in Canadian society are people over the age of 70 (so-called “ senior citizens ”), who are usually given a higher-than-normal degree of politeness and courtesy, and people with obvious handicaps or physical disabilities, who are expected to be treated with compassion and understanding. Authority figures with obviously intimidating powers, such as police officers, will usually be given polite deference as well, though it should be noted that Canadian law and the Canadian Constitution grants individual Canadians significant legal rights to question or disobey authorities whom they have reason to believe are acting improperly.

Canadian Attitudes Towards Time

For the most part, Canadians are quite literal about time and schedules . If someone says to “come at 3:00” he usually expects his guest to be there at 3:00. Unexplained lateness of more than 15 minutes is considered rude, and an apology will probably be expected. Likewise, earliness of more than 15 minutes is usually considered presumptuous and may cause an awkward surprise for a host who is not yet ready.

Most Canadians with full-time careers work from roughly 9 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday (so-called 9-to-5 jobs ). 12 noon is usually considered lunchtime, while 6 PM is approximately when most families eat dinner. With some exceptions, telephoning people in the very early morning or very late night is considered rude and disruptive. Most do not appreciate being disturbed at work, either. Weekends (Saturday and Sunday), when most people do not work, tend to be the most busy and active days for socializing, though Sunday morning can be a somewhat taboo time to make plans since many religious Canadians will be attending church.

Canadian Social Customs

Canadians meeting for the first time usually shake hands to introduce themselves, and may shake hands before departing, as well. Short hugs are becoming more common for closer friends, particularly women. Kissing remains mostly reserved for family or lovers, though some French-Canadians may partake in the European practice of giving light cheek kisses as part of a friendly greeting.

It is considered extremely rude and offensive to not shake hands with someone after they extend their hand to you. Refusing to shake is generally regarded as an overt gesture of animosity, and is usually only done when the other person has done something horrible, or is so well-known for being such a terrible person that it would be considered scandalous to greet them in a polite way. The opposite is also true, however: shaking hands with a controversial person can be a gesture of making peace or showing acceptance.

These days, a lot of Canadian restaurants will give customers the option to give an automatic 10, 15, or 20 per cent tip when they pay using a debit or credit card machine, thus sparing them the difficulty of after-dinner math.

Giving gifts to strangers is generally rare in Canada, unless the person in question has done some favour or is otherwise considered to be “owed” one as thanks.

Even on designated gift-giving holidays , the decision to actually exchange gifts with friends (or even certain family members) is very much dictated by the degree of closeness one feels towards them, as well as personal tradition among individual friends or within a family. Gifts for “no occasion” can be sweet, but also hold a high potential to create lingering feelings of awkwardness for the recipient, especially with expensive gifts. Giving cash as a gift is generally only done within families and it would generally be considered fairly presumptuous to give someone money who didn’t ask for it — in many cases, it would be interpreted as a sign that the money-giver thought the other person was poor and needed help.

It is common to occasionally “treat” a friend by paying for their meal or drinks or coffee on a social outing. However even this is often controversial, and many Canadians may protest when someone tries to pay their bill for them. Putting up some degree of polite, dishonest resistance to someone else attempting to buy you something (“oh no, that’s not necessary!”) is generally considered good manners.

Tipping in Canada

When dining at any “sit-down” style restaurant, Canadians are expected to tip , or donate, some extra money to their waiter at the end of the meal. The bare minimum expected is 15% of the total price of the bill, but over-tipping in the case of exceptionally good service is common as well. Failing to tip (or under-tipping) is considered extremely rude and will be immediately noticed.

A variety of other professions in Canadian life expect tips as well, including pizza delivery men, taxi drivers, bellhops, and hairdressers, among others. Confusion over exactly who should and should not be tipped (and how much) has led to the creation of a lot of helpful online guides. In general, Canadian tipping etiquette is the same as that of the United States, and American tipping manuals are often used for reference in Canada.

• Tipping in Canada: a Guide, About Travel

Gestures to Avoid in Canada

In contrast to some other parts of the world, Canada is not a nation with a lot of obscene or offensive gestures . In general, most rude hand or body gestures are done knowingly, and can be easily avoided as a result.

Some of the most common “bad” gestures include:

Middle finger raised

An extremely obscene gesture of anger/frustration towards someone else. Often used while driving.

Thumbs down

Mild gesture of disapproval.

Elbows on the table while eating

Generally considered rude in formal settings, though common in more casual situations.

Eating with an open mouth or talking with a full mouth

Considered gross.

Considered rude if the yawn isn't covered by a hand.

Pointing or staring at strangers

Considered rude and a form of leering.

Sneezing is weirdly ritualized. Sneezers say “excuse me” following a sneeze, while anyone in the immediate vicinity says “bless you,” as a sign of sympathy. Covering your mouth and nose while sneezing is essential, and Canadians always use tissues to blow their noses.

Though attitudes can be more forgiving in hot summer months, most indoor businesses generally hold firm to the “ no shirt, no shoes, no service ” principle. Public nudity of any sort is illegal , and attempted only by the most avant-garde and attention-seeking.

There is something of an ongoing debate in Canadian society regarding “ public displays of affection ” or “ PDAs ,” such as cuddling or passionately kissing in public places. Some may find such displays easy to ignore, while others consider them quite gross and offensive. Same-sex couples may be judged more harshly in this regard.

Secret Ballot

A man in Nova Scotia votes behind a special shield in Canada's 2015 general election. Canadian elections are full of traditions of secrecy, and all votes are anonymous. These traditions were created in response to earlier eras, when voting was done publicly, and people were often harassed or bullied by strangers for their political opinions.

Conversation Taboos

Aside from those who make outspoken political opinions a large part of their personality, politics is generally considered a mostly private matter in Canada. Voting is done in secret and Canadians have a legal right to keep their political preferences hidden, even after they leave the voting booth. As a result, “who did you vote for?” can be a very presumptuous and uncomfortable question, and even a close friend might react with offense if asked.

Politics in Canada is quite polarized between right and left, consisting of political parties (and voters) who believe very different things about basic government principles and programs such as raising taxes, spending taxes, foreign policy  (especially Israel), criminal justice, gun ownership, poverty, welfare, immigration, drug legalization, euthanasia, homosexuality, transgenderism, and prostitution, among others. Publicly spouting strong opinions on topics like these is usually seen as an invitation for argument, which many find obnoxious and insensitive.

Sexually explicit conversation can actually be illegal in Canada in some contexts, making it the most sensitive social taboo of all. Both the Canadian Human Rights Act and the  Human Rights Codes of the provinces have policies forbidding  sexual harassment , and courts have ruled that proof of sexual harassment can be valid grounds for a lawsuit against an employer or coworker. Sexual harassment includes conversation about sex that makes others feel uncomfortable or vulnerable, including excessively sexual compliments or come-ons, as well as discussions of one’s own bedroom habits and interests.

Most Canadians consider their sex lives a very private matter, and may regard hearing about other people’s as unsettling, if not disgusting. In most cases, even mentioning things such as sex organs or sexual acts is considered highly tasteless in any public setting.

Canadians have widely different religious beliefs , and like political beliefs, these often reflect vastly different opinions on fundamental questions about life and society. Many of the most common Canadian faiths were actually founded in explicit opposition to one another, and thus promote theories of God and salvation that are mostly incompatible, and may portray non-believers as sinners or heretics of some form or another.

People don’t like to be judged, so religious views are rarely discussed openly in public, though Canadians are usually fine with openly self-identifying as a member of a particular faith. Beyond that, attempting to explain or promote one’s religious beliefs (or, for that matter, atheism ) in any sort of uninvited setting is almost always regarded as preachy, irritating and self-righteous.

Watch your language

Almost all Canadians swear when talking to people they know, but swearing in front of strangers remains controversial. Canadian law does not permit uncensored swearing to be broadcast on TV or radio during the day — and even when it is allowed, it must be prefaced with a warning. The primary justification is protecting children from hearing offensive language that they might imitate. That said, many Canadian children learn to swear anyway, and different families will have different household rules about this.

Other Canadian Taboos

Many Canadians have complicated views about the United States , and mentioning America, Americans, or American things can provoke judgemental statements or arguments that some might find uncomfortable. Regardless of political context, the issue of abortion is considered almost uniformly taboo to discuss openly, as are any questions or theories about innate differences between genders or members of different races. Attitudes considered sexist or racist are generally among the most scorned in modern-day Canada, even if not everyone agrees what “racism” or “sexism” entails.

Discussions about French-Canadians and their sense of persecution in Canada, or desires to leave the country, have a strong potential for generating polarized, uncomfortable debate as well — particularly if there are French-Canadians present. The same is true of the status of aboriginal Canadians, whose chronic social problems are considered one of the great embarrassments of Canadian society — but also one about which Canadians remain considerably divided about how to address.

Canadians’ sense of what is “private” can vary a lot depending on the person, with some having no embarrassment about openly discussing things such as their relationship with their parents, failed marriages, career woes, income, or physical appearance. Others, however, may be more guarded, shy, or sensitive. Being a good conversationalist in Canada is generally a matter of being able to sense a person’s level of comfort on different personal topics, and proceed accordingly.

A famous comic by EnzoComics, artist behind "Cheer Up, Emo Kid."

Canadian Stereotypes and Politeness

The common international stereotype that Canadians are excessively, or even absurdly polite is well-known in Canada, and even if not entirely warranted, still affects the way Canadians deal with one another. At best, it can be a sort of positive feedback loop.

In practice, a lot of Canadians, particularly those from more upper middle-class backgrounds, take very seriously the idea that they should apologize a lot, or only ask for things in a very roundabout, indirect sort of way. There’s also a fairly common perception that a stereotypically “good” Canadian does not engage in excessive bragging or self-praise, but rather carries herself with a strong sense of humility and even light self-deprecation. At one time, there was also a certain cliche about Canadians being quick to “ defer to authority ” — or blindly agree with anyone who outranks them — though in recent decades this has become more a theory of understanding Canadian politics and history , and less a practical, day-to-day value of Canadian living (as discussed in the “roles and formalities” section above).

Of course, in the end stereotypes are just that — unfair generalizations. Each Canadian is ultimately an individual, and as such will likely have his own unique perspective on how to be a decent and well-mannered human being. And sadly, there will always be a large amount of Canadians who can’t be bothered at all.

More About Canadian Manners and Etiquette

• Canada: Tipping & Etiquette, TripAdvisor
• Canada Guide, Comissceo Global

Quick Facts

• Canadians are generally taught to be friendly, polite and respectful to both friends and strangers alike.
• Canada basically follows standard western cultural traditions in regards to things like greetings, rude gestures, and gift-giving.
• The most taboo subjects of conversation in Canada are politics, religion, and sex.
• Many Canadians take seriously and enjoy the stereotype that Canadians are supposed to be a very polite people.

Signs like this, imploring travelers to surrender their seats to the old or disabled, are common in Canadian buses and trains.

Queue for service

Unlike some parts of the world, Canada has a "waiting in line" culture that encourages customers to be patient and orderly when shops or services are busy. "Budging" in line is an enormous social taboo.

As smartphones become more popular, new social taboos have arisen around them. Most Canadians now seem to agree it’s quite rude to “check your phone” when someone is talking to you, though others may consider it acceptable during lulls in the conversation.

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Leaving/Returning to Canada

View all answers for this topic (print version)

• I have a visitor visa. Can I leave Canada and come back?
• Must I leave Canada by the valid until date on my visitor visa?
• I need to leave Canada and I do not have a permanent resident card. Can I later return to Canada without a PR card?
• I am outside Canada and do not have a PR card. How can I return to Canada?
• As a foreign student, can I return home or travel outside Canada while studying?
• Can I leave and come back to Canada if I have a work permit?
• I've applied to extend my study permit. Can I travel outside Canada and be able to return?
• I’m waiting for my post-graduation work permit. Can I travel outside Canada and come back with my student visa?
• I got a new passport but I have a valid visa in my old one. Can I use the visa in my old passport?

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad
• Foreign travel advice

Entry requirements

This advice reflects the UK government’s understanding of current rules for people travelling on a full ‘British citizen’ passport from the UK, for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Canada set and enforce entry rules. If you’re not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact Canada’s High Commission in the UK .

COVID-19 rules

Countries may restrict travel or bring in rules at short notice. Check with your travel company or airline for changes.

If you test positive for COVID-19, you may need to stay where you are until you test negative. You may also need to seek treatment there.

Visit TravelHealthPro (from the UK Health Security Agency) for general COVID-19 advice for travellers .

Travel to Canada

There are no COVID-19 testing or vaccination requirements for passengers entering Canada. Avoid travelling if you have symptoms of COVID-19. See the Government of Canada’s website for more information on COVID-19 and travel.

Public spaces and services

The Government of Canada recommends that all travellers wear a face mask on public transport.

You may be asked to wear a face mask indoors, such as in hospitals or on public transport. You may need proof of vaccination to visit settings such as care homes.

Local authorities in Canada can introduce restrictions or measures at short notice. Comply with the rules and advice of the local authorities. Check the COVID-19 guidance for each province and territory .

Passport validity requirements

Your passport must be valid for the duration of your stay.

Visa requirements

Most people need a visa or an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to travel to Canada – not both.

You do not need a visa for short visits (normally up to six months). You will need an eTA instead. Check entry requirements and find out if you need a visa or an eTA for your visit using this tool.

You may need to provide fingerprints and photos at a visa application centre to apply for permanent residence or a study or work permit. Find out if you need to give biometrics. If you do need to give biometrics, see the list of biometrics collection points .

When you arrive, you must show that you have enough funds to support yourself during your stay, even if you are staying with family or friends.

Contact Canada’s High Commission in the UK if you are unsure about visa requirements or your eligibility to enter the country, for example, if you have a criminal record or have been arrested.

Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA)

You must get an Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA) to enter or transit Canada by air, unless you’re exempt. Read the list of exemptions on the ETA website . If you enter Canada by land or sea, you don’t need an eTA. However, you must travel with acceptable travel documents and identification .

If you have British-Canadian dual nationality, you cannot apply for an eTA. You need a valid Canadian passport instead.

The eTA website has information about the eTA system and how to apply .

Visa and eTA scams

Some  unauthorised websites  charge for submitting visa applications. These websites are not associated with the Government of Canada.

If you think you may have been a victim of a scam, use the eTA Check Status tool to confirm if your eTA is valid. If it has been 72 hours since you applied, and you have not received a confirmation of your application, complete this enquiry form .

Transiting through Canada

You must have a valid Electronic Travel Authorisation (eTA) to transit Canada, unless you are exempt.

If you have questions, contact:

• your airline
• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
• your nearest Canadian high commission, embassy or consulate

Find out more about transiting Canada .

Travelling with children

If only one parent is present, carry a letter of consent from the non-travelling parent. Immigration officers have the right to question children using simple and appropriate language to see if there are any concerns about child abduction.

For further information, check with Canada’s High Commission in the UK or the Canada Border Services Agency .

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods that can be taken into - and out - of Canada . You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Banned food products will be confiscated and you could be fined. Check the Canadian Food Inspection Agency website for more information.

If you visited a farm, or had contact with wild animals before entering Canada, and intend to visit a farm during your stay, you must complete the relevant section in your Customs Declaration Card. For more information, see the Government of Canada’s website on biosecurity .

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Canadian Tourist Visa: A Complete Document Checklist for 2023-2024

The Canadian tourist visa is a wonderful opportunity for people who want to experience Canada for all the benefits it has to offer for a short period. The tourist visa is handy for holidays, sightseeing, and visiting friends or family. In essence, the eligibility criteria for the Canadian tourist visa revolve around the intent of the visit, proof of funds to sustain oneself during the stay, and assurance to return to one's home country.

Canada Tourist Visa

The Canadian tourist visa, or the Temporary Resident Visa (TRV) as it is formally known, is a type of visa that allows foreign nationals to enter and stay in Canada for a limited period. This visa attempts to foster interpersonal ties and cultural exchanges among different people and cultures. Furthermore, It is essential to note that this visa strictly serves for visiting purposes only, and other activities such as working or studying require different types of visas.

In today’s article, we will be learning all about the Canadian tourist visa, so if you have any questions related to this visa, read on!

Eligibility Criteria for the Canadian Tourist Visa

In the first place, to be considered for a Canadian tourist visa, you must sufficiently fulfil several criteria. You should know if you will be able to meet them before you begin your visa application. Here are the eligibility criteria for a Canadian tourist visa application:

• Proof of Purpose: You must be able to demonstrate the purpose/intent of your visit, whether it's for tourism, visiting family or friends, or other recreational activities.  
• Financial Stability: You should be able to prove that you have the money to cover your stay in Canada through bank statements, payslips, or even a letter from someone financially sponsoring the trip.  
• Ties to Home Country: You must prove that you have strong ties to your home country. The Canadian government wants to know that you have a reason to return to your country after your visit. This can be demonstrated through evidence of stable employment, property ownership or family commitments.  
• Passport Validity: Your passport should be valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay in Canada.  
• No Criminal Record: A criminal conviction might lead to a visa denial. So, it is essential to be truthful and provide all necessary documents, possibly including a police clearance certificate .  
• Health: Depending on where you live or have recently visited, you might need to undergo a medical examination.  
• Intent to Leave: Similar to the ‘Ties to home country criteria’, you must have a clear intent to leave Canada once your visa expires. You can prove this with a return flight ticket or an itinerary of onward travel.  
• Invitation: If you are visiting someone in Canada, you should have an invitation letter from your host detailing their relationship with you, the purpose of your visit, where you will stay, and information about your host's financial status.

Understanding and meeting these criteria will increase your chances of a successful visa application.

Types of Canadian Tourist Visas

The next stage after determining your eligibility is to decide the type of tourist visa you want to apply for based on your need. There are 3 types of Canadian tourist visas, all available to ensure you apply for the one that best matches your travel intentions. Below, we explain the various types, shedding light on their purpose and duration of stay.

• Single Entry Visa Purpose: The single-entry visa type is tailored for travellers who want to visit Canada once at a time. It is ideal for making one-off trips, like attending an event or visiting family. Duration of Stay: The border services officer at the Canadian port of entry decides the duration, typically granting up to six months. However, once you exit Canada (except for travel to the United States or Saint-Pierre and Miquelon), you'll need a new visa to return.  
• Multiple Entry Visa Purpose: The multiple entry visa is for travellers who want to visit Canada multiple times over a longer period without reapplying each time. It's beneficial for frequent visitors or those who have family or business ties in Canada. Duration of Stay: The visa is valid for up to 10 years or 1 month before your passport expires, allowing numerous entries. However, for each visit, you are allowed to stay for six months only.  
• Transit Visa Purpose: Specifically designed for travellers who need to pass through Canada en route to another destination. This visa is common for those with layovers in Canada but not intending to stay. Duration of Stay: The Transit Visa is for short layovers, and allows you to remain in Canada for up to 48 hours. After this period, you must either continue your journey to the next destination or apply for a different type of visa to stay longer.

Documents Required to Apply for a Canadian Tourist Visa

Once you are settled on the type of visa you need for your unique situation, you need to gather the documents for your visa application. The good news is, you dont have to do that alone, we are here to help you. Here are the documents you need to provide for your Canadian tourist visa application:

• Passport: Your passport serves as the primary identification document. Ensure it has blank pages for any necessary stamps.  
• Two Recent Passport-sized Photos: There are specific requirements for visa application photographs . Both photos should be identical, they must be 50 mm wide by 70 mm high (2 inches wide by 2¾ inches high), and the height of your face must measure between 31 mm (1¼ inches) and 36 mm (1⁷⁄₁₆ inches) from your chin to the crown of your head (natural top of head) and they must be clear. A professional photographer can help you achieve this.  

• Proof of Sufficient Funds  
• Travel Itinerary: This should include flight bookings, hotel reservations, and a list of places you intend to visit. While it's not mandatory to have every detail nailed down, a clear plan can instil confidence in your genuine intent to tour.  
• Ties to Your Home Country: Evidence can be in the form of property deeds, a letter from your employer, family commitments, or any other documents that show your obligation to return.  
• Invitation Letter From a Sponsor (if applicable).  
• A Completed IMM 5645 Form (optional): Family members who apply on behalf of the applicant or third parties need to complete this form.  
• A Completed (IMM 5475) Form : Use this form to allow Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to release your personal information to someone you choose.  
• Employer Information (optional): A letter printed on your employer’s letterhead will suffice. The letter should not be later than 3 months before you apply and it should contain all the details about your employment.   
• Medical Examination: Some countries or regions are flagged for specific health risks, and Canada requires visitors from these places to be examined to ensure public health within its borders.  
• Travel History (optional): expired/valid visa, previous work or study permits or previous passports within the last 10 years.  
• Certified Translations: If you're providing documents (like bank statements, criminal record checks, letters of employment, etc.) that are not in English or French, you'll need to seek certified translation services in Canada . This is crucial since the Canadian government requires a precise translation of all supporting documents. It's recommended to use a certified translator in Canada to ensure the translations are accepted by Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC).  
• Criminal Record Check  
• Visa Payment Receipt  
• Filled visa Application Form

Processing Time for a Canada Tourist Visa

The processing time for a Canada tourist visa is not the same for all applicants; it varies based on several factors and understanding these factors will help you set your expectations and plan your trip more effectively. Below are some factors that influence the visa processing duration:

Mode of Application

• Online Application: When you apply for a Canada tourist visa online, the processing is generally quicker. The online system, facilitated by the Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website, is efficient as it directly feeds your information into the IRCC system. This direct digital input minimizes manual intervention, and any required documents can be uploaded instantly. Moreover, if any additional documentation or clarification is needed, communication through the online portal is swift.  
• Paper-Based Application: Traditional paper-based applications, submitted at VACs (Visa Application Centers), usually take longer. The manual handling of documents, postal delays, and the time it takes for physical files to move between departments can add to the processing time. Furthermore, if there are discrepancies or missing information, the back-and-forth communication can extend your wait.

Country of Application

The country you're applying from can significantly affect the duration. Some visa offices may have a high volume of applications, leading to longer processing times. For instance, a Canada tourist visa from Australia, due to its proximity and bilateral relations, might have a quicker turnaround compared to countries with more significant visa demand or more stringent security checks.

Complexity of the Application

A straightforward application, with all documents in order and clear intent, will be processed more speedily. In contrast, applications with missing documents, unclear travel purposes, or other complexities might require additional review or verification.

Other Factors

• Peak Travel Seasons: During holiday seasons or peak travel times, there's usually a surge in visa applications. This increased demand can lead to longer processing times.  
• Security Concerns: If there are security concerns related to the country of origin or the individual, additional checks might be required, leading to extended processing times.  
• Technical Issues: At times, technical glitches, either in the online system or at the visa processing centres, can lead to delays.  
• Translation of Documents: The completeness and correctness of your submitted documents, including any necessary certified translations obtained through online translation services or local certified translators, can affect the processing time. Inaccurate or non-certified translations may result in requests for additional information, thereby prolonging the processing time.

The images below show the estimated processing time according to the IRCC website for an Indian applicant applying for a Canadian visitor visa from outside Canada, and the processing time for an applicant applying for the same visa within Canada for an online and a paper application. 

Other Canadian Tourist Visa Requirements

• Travel Insurance Importance: While travel insurance is not mandatory for a Canadian tourist visa, it is strongly recommended. Canadian healthcare can be expensive for non-residents, and having insurance ensures you're covered in case of any unforeseen medical emergencies. Coverage: It's advisable to obtain comprehensive travel insurance that covers hospitalization, emergency care, repatriation, and more. Some policies might also cover travel disruptions and cancellations. Duration: Ensure your insurance policy covers the entire duration of your stay in Canada.  
• Language Proficiency Overview: Canada has two official languages: English and French. While a tourist visa doesn't always necessitate a demonstration of language proficiency, in some circumstances or for extended stays, it can be beneficial. Evidence: If you're from a non-English/French-speaking country and your itinerary involves activities that require communication, like attending short courses, it might be helpful to show some level of language proficiency.  
• Language Test Results (if required) Testing Bodies: If required, you'll need to provide results from recognized language tests such as IELTS for English or TEF for French. Validity: They are valid for two years from the date of the test result. Level: While there isn't a strict 'pass' level for tourist visas, higher scores can make your application more robust, especially if language skills are pertinent to your visit's purpose. To pass IELTS , you need a minimum overall score of 6.5 and a minimum score of 6.0 in each category of the Academy test.  
• Biometrics Biometrics is a modern identification method that involves taking your fingerprints and photographs. To do this, you need to book an appointment at a Visa Application Centre (VAC) or an Application Support Center (ASC) closest to you in your country of residence. Fee: The biometric fee is non-refundable and costs $85 per adult, in addition to your visa application fee. Validity: Biometrics data for visiting visa applications is valid for ten years. It will be used for all your future TRV applications.

How do I Apply for a Canada Tourist Visa?

You can apply for a Canada tourist visa online through the Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) website or via a paper application at your local visa office.

What is the Processing Time for a Canada Tourist Visa?

The processing time for a Canada tourist visa ranges between 2 to 5 weeks but may vary depending on your situation.

Can I Work on a Tourist Visa in Canada?

No, you cannot work on the Canada tourist visa because it doesn't permit employment.

What Should I do if my Visa Application is Rejected?

If your visa application is rejected, review the reason for rejection, rectify any issues, and consider reapplying or consulting an immigration lawyer.

Is Travel Insurance Mandatory for a Canada Tourist Visa?

Travel insurance is not always mandatory, but it is highly recommended that you get one for your safety.

How can I Obtain a Police Clearance Certificate for my Visa Application?

To get a police clearance certificate for your visa application, you should apply in your home country's local police department or an equivalent authorized agency in your country.

Can I Visit Multiple Cities in Canada on a Single Tourist Visa?

Yes, you can travel freely within Canada.

What if I Have a Criminal Record in my Home Country?

If you have a criminal record in your home country, it is best to declare it. Depending on severity and recency, it might not affect your eligibility. But it is better to be honest.

How can I Extend my Stay in Canada as a Tourist?

To extend your stay in Canada on a Tourist visa, you must apply for an extension before your current visa expires.

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Watch CBS News

Flying with pets? Here's what to know.

By Anne Marie Lee

Edited By Alain Sherter

Updated on: April 6, 2024 / 10:08 AM EDT / CBS News

Thinking of taking your dog or cat with you the next time you fly? For a growing percentage of the 90.5 million pet owners in the U.S., the answer is yes. But while the notion of boarding a plane with your pet may seem simple, the rules and restrictions around traveling with an animal can be confusing. 

Eight major U.S. airlines allow pets to fly in-cabin as carry-ons. But flying with your pet takes research and planning, as pet policies vary from airline to airline, are steeped in restrictions, and are limited to specific countries and cities. You'll also have to pay an extra fee for your pet ranging from $95 to $200, depending on the airline and where you're flying. And restrictions often change.

For example, American Airlines  recently revised its policies  so passengers flying with pets may also bring one full-size carry-on or personal item. But the carrier prohibits carry-on pets on transatlantic and transpacific flights. Here's what you need to know when considering taking your fur baby with you on a plane.

Cargo, check-in or carry-on?

Most airlines offer three options for transporting animals: cargo, check-in or carry-on. But if your pet is larger than a bread box, your options are limited to the cargo or baggage check-in options, with very few exceptions. 

Given that large canine breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers are among the most popular dogs in the country, the size restriction for in-cabin pet travel can be a major frustration for those who would rather not fly at all if that means putting their pet in cargo. 

A 2023 Forbes Adviser survey of 10,000 U.S. dog owners found that 33% of respondents fly with their pets, while 37% listed not being able to bring their dog on a plane as their biggest annoyance. (You can learn more about the differences between cargo, check-in and carry-on options  here , including warnings about the  dangers  involved when pets travel in the cargo hold.) 

Carry-on pets

Even for pet owners whose animals are small enough to fly as a carry-on, traveling is no breeze.

"When I fly with him I have to go to the desk," Margaret Rauch, 44, told CBS MoneyWatch, referring to her 15-pound poodle mix, Soda. The New York City resident has taken Soda on dozens of flights to St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, where Soda, now 4, was being fostered by a friend after being found as a stray puppy in 2021. 

In addition to calling the airline in advance to register her dog for a flight, Rauch has to check in at the counter whenever she's traveling with Soda, so the airline agent can confirm her dog and pet carrier conform to the in-cabin pet requirements and that the flight hasn't already met its pet maximum. 

Rauch, who said she would never consider putting Soda in cargo, applauded American Airlines' new policy, while noting that in her experience the one carry-on rule was rarely enforced. 

"I feel the price is already high for what I get. Even with AA's rule change, I lose the underseat space," she said. "My dog creates no extra work for anyone."

Despite the added preparation, paperwork and hassle involved in flying with Soda — not to mention the unfriendly looks she occasionally detects from fellow passengers at the sight of her pet carrier — Rauch said, "It's absolutely worth it." 

Asked how the experience could be improved, she pointed to early boarding for pet owners as something that would help.

"If you can get in early, get a seat and settle down, that is an accommodation I don't expect to see anytime soon but I think it makes sense," Rauch said.

Safety and comfort

For the many Americans who see their pets practically as family members, one of the most challenging aspects of flying is ensuring their animal's comfort and safety. 

"The increasing humanization of pets, which involves treating them as part of the family rather than as mere animals, has increased the demand for pet travel services that are of high quality and can be customized to meet the specific needs of each pet," LinkedIn reported in December.

Among other tips, the U.S. Department of Transportation  and animal experts recommend that you not feed your pet four to six hours before a flight and limit their water intake. Others also suggest keeping bottled water on hand at all times. Additionally, most airlines require certain vaccination and vet certification that your pet is healthy enough to fly. Individual countries also have their own requirements for pets to enter.  

Not surprisingly, some airlines do better than others at handling pets. One of the best-rated carriers for pet travel is Alaska Airlines, which has repeatedly topped rankings, such as NerdWallet's Most pet-friendly airlines of 2024.  In recent years, the airline also has maintained one of the industry's lowest incident ratings, according to Veterinarians.org. United Airlines and Delta are among the airlines with the highest incident rates, according to the pet information website. 

On Rauch's first plane trip with Soda traveling home to New York, a layover in Miami led to the flight sitting on the tarmac for two hours. Calming treats are something that helps keeps her dog relaxed on flights. She also withholds Soda's food and limits his water intake up to five hours before a flight, which is also helpful given that he doesn't like using pet relief areas, which she said generally smell of urine and can be overwhelming for dogs. Flights between New York City and St. Croix are generally under six hours. 

"I'm not sure how I'd handle a flight to Singapore," Rauch said.

Here's a rundown of U.S. airlines' pet travel policies, along with fees and and restrictions:

Alaska Airlines

Pet fee: $100

Pets allowed: Dogs and cats are the only pets allowed in-cabin on international trips and flights to Hawaii. Domesticated rabbits and small household birds are allowed as carry-on on domestic flights.

Destinations: Domestic and international, with additional requirements and documentation required for  pets traveling to Hawaii  or  internationally .

See Alaska's full pet policy here .

American Airlines

Pet fee: $150

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats

Destinations: 

• Within the 48 contiguous U.S.
• The U.S. and Canada*
• Puerto Rico

*Additional special restrictions may apply. See American's full pet policy  here .

Pet fee: $75-$200, depending on destination

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, household birds

Pet friendly destinations: 

• U.S., Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico
• International destinations with the exception of Australia, U.K., Republic of Ireland and others .

Pets are not permitted on flights to Hawaii. See Delta's full pet policy here .

Frontier Airlines 

Pet fee: $99

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters and household birds

Destinations: Domestic flights and international flights to and from the Dominican Republic and Mexico.

See Frontier's full pet policy here .

Pet fee: $125

Destinations: Domestic and international. See exceptions for international flights here .

See JetBlue's full pet policy here .

Southwest Airlines

Pet fee: $125 per pet carrier on the U.S. mainland; $35 per pet carrier between Hawaiian Islands

Destinations: Domestic U.S. flights only. For travel to Puerto Rico, specific requirements may  apply . For Hawaii travel, see rules and regulations here.

See Southwest's full pet policy here .

Spirit Airlines

Pets allowed: Dogs, cats, birds (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) or rabbits (with the exception of flights to or from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands).

Destinations: Domestic flights including Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

See Spirit's full pet policy here .

United Airlines

Destinations: Domestic and international flights with a list of exceptions. United does not allow pets to fly to, from or through certain states and countries. View the list here .

See United's full pet policy here .

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These Are the Only 3 Outfits You Need to Pack for Any Trip, According to a Carry-on-only Traveler

This foolproof packing list actually doubles the amount of outfits in your suitcase.

• Best Accessories for Travel Outfits

We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. If you click on links we provide, we may receive compensation. Learn more .

Travel + Leisure / Daisy Rodriguez

Before I became a travel journalist, I was a buyer in the fashion industry for over 15 years, working with brands such as Brooks Brothers, Michael Kors, and the former Liz Claiborne, so you can say that I have a keen eye for style, quality fabrics, and a good fit. These days, I put my former skills to work in a different way. On average, I travel twice a month and it’s not unusual for me to be zipping through the airport on any given day, so I pack light and maximize the outfits that I’m taking with me. 

At first, it wasn’t easy to streamline my packing lists for each destination; I was always stressed that I had left an essential top, pair of bottoms, jacket — you name it — at home. But, with the help of my former fashion buyer brain, I developed the ultimate travel capsule wardrobe , complete with three foolproof outfits that help me create dozens of looks (without needing to check a bag , I might add). Here are my favorite mix-and-match separates that suit any type of trip itinerary — both work and play — along with some must-have accessories that'll widen your wardrobe horizons. 

Duer LuxTwill Trucker Jacket 

Duer luxtwill high-rise trousers, minnow navy and dusty red stripe sweater.

I’ve been a huge fan of the Canadian clothing company Duer for several years now, and its LuxTwill Trucker Jacket and matching High-Rise Trousers are one of my favorite outfits to bring on work trips. Both the jacket and pants are made of 98 percent cotton and 2 percent elastane, so the pieces have a structured look while allowing for some stretch for comfort.

While it’s a great set, I also love to wear the jacket as a separate, over dresses, leggings, or jeans. And, to save suitcase space, I'll sport it on the plane. I've found that it's a versatile essential that’s great for work and play destinations. The trousers pair well with knits as well as button-front tops. I especially love pairing it with a slouchy novelty sweater like my favorite one from Minnow ; it's an excellent transition piece for spring that works with denim, pants, skirts and shorts and is constructed of a dreamy cotton-cashmere blend, making it super soft and comfortable. 

The timeless nautical pullover is also cozy, but not bulky and the dolman sleeves are fashionable and functional, allowing you to move freely when traveling. I own two of these sweaters and find myself bringing them on work trips and vacations because they match with nearly everything that I own.

To copy the look for less, pair this cropped jacket (on sale for $24) with these $40 high-waisted trousers and this nautical-inspired crewneck sweater that's currently $31 — all from Amazon. 

PrettyGarden Two-Piece Sleeveless Vest and Wide-Leg Pants Set

I’m in love with Amazon's two-piece sets because not only are they available at amazing price points, but they're super sleek and can be styled in so many ways. Here, the vest is drapey and offers a sophisticated and elegant look, although it also works well with denim; when I'm home, I like pairing it with my Everlane Super-Soft Relaxed Jeans for a laidback SoCal vibe, but when I'm on the go, it goes perfectly with the Duer LuxTwill High-Rise Trousers featured above (and I can layer the brand's LuxTwill Trucker Jacket on top or pair the PrettyGarden trousers with my Minnow sweater ). 

The bottoms are like palazzo pants and flare slightly, with a loose fit throughout. I like that they aren’t too tight, making them perfect for work meetings, long travel days, and itinerary-heavy days. They also have functioning pockets that are great for holding your essentials while on the move. The set comes in eight colors and sizes range from S to 2XL. Both pieces are machine washable; I’ve put them to the test in the wash several times and they come out looking just as good as new. A word of advice: Make sure you hang them to dry or lay them flat so they retain good shape.

For a more tailored look, you can get the set with a tighter-fitting cropped vest for $52. But, if this look is too business casual for your destination, I also pulled some stunning two-piece sets; check out the now-viral Anrabess Short-Sleeve Mockneck Sweater Set on sale for $40, the tropical getaway-ready Anrabess Linen Tank Top Matching Set that's currently $30, or the PrettyGarden Rib Knit Matching Set , which trades trousers for an elegant maxi skirt.  

Vuori’s Short-Sleeve Lux Crew Jumpsuit

Vuori makes my favorite activewear, so it’s no surprise that this super-flattering jumpsuit is on my list of favorite travel outfits. The jumpsuit's performance knit is so comfortable, especially in the summer when it feels good to wear loose-fitting clothing, but is also perfect for travel days, road trips, as well as lounging poolside (save room in your carry-on by using it as a swim cover-up). 

To make this outfit extra cool, slip the brand’s Halo Performance Hoodie over it when heading to a Pilates class or an early morning stroll. You can also wear it with a cropped jacket (like the Duer trucker jacket that I mentioned earlier) for a night out on the town. When the dress code calls for something cozier, I'll layer my Minnow sweater on top so it feels like I'm wearing a sweatshirt and sweatpants — even though the combo looks effortlessly chic.  

If you’re not a fan of onesies, don’t fret. Vuori's Villa Wide-Leg Pants can be paired with its Energy Top to serve a similar look. And, if you're looking for more budget-friendly jumpsuits, over at Amazon, you can get the Anrabess Short-Sleeve Crewneck Jumpsuit for $40. 

Travel + Leisure / Jean Chen Smith

Best Accessories for Travel Outfits 

Now, it's time to put the finishing touches on these travel outfits. Similarly, my go-to accessories can be mixed and matched to be styled with different looks, ensuring that everything in your suitcase is functional and will get plenty of use on your trip. Below, you'll find my favorite travel shoes and travel purses to tie your outfits together. 

Kizik Venice Slip-On Sneakers

A while back, I kept seeing these amazing hands-free slip-on shoes that you can put on and take off without having to bend down or fuss with laces. The Venice slip-ons are by far my favorites. They’re easy to slide right into, super lightweight, and hassle-free to pack. I love wearing them on long flights because they don’t feel constricting (plus, they make going through TSA security a breeze and I can easily slide out of them once I'm in my seat). And, when I'm at my destination, their cushy insoles and grippy rubber soles keep my feet comfy and supported when I'm on the move. 

They go with everything and really elevate any outfit. I'll pair them with my Duer set for more casual affairs and use them to make my PrettyGarden vest-trouser duo more playful after work meetings. And, of course, they're the long-lost soulmate for my Vuori jumpsuit , especially on travel days. 

Sapahn Jori Crossbody Bag

I used to be partial to labels and monogrammed bags, but I’m currently loving the Jori Crossbody for day-to-night use. During a recent trip to Santa Barbara, I found myself using it instead of my trusty Lululemon Everywhere Belt Bag — which says a lot . Although it looks small, it actually fits everything that I need for a busy day on the go; I can store a small notebook, wallet, makeup compact, and smartphone in there without effort. 

The best feature of this bag is that you can switch out the straps to give it an entirely different look, making it transitional from work to play. There are two pockets inside for organizing smaller items like lipsticks or receipts. It comes in four colors, although the khaki hue is my favorite because it’s great for spring and it goes with everything — whether I'm dressed up in my PrettyGarden vest and wide-leg trousers , dressed down in my Duer LuxTwill Trucker Jacket and matching High-Rise Trousers , or out grabbing coffee in my Vuori jumpsuit .  

Amazon is filled with leather crossbody purses that are equal parts versatile, functional, and stylish — starting with the Gladdon Crossbody Bag (that's on sale for $16), the $13 FashionPuzzle Small Dome Chain Strap Crossbody Bag , and the Afkomst Crossbody Bag , which has a similar gold buckle detail in the center. For extra flair, I also spotted this on-sale Fossil crossbody that has a color-blocking print and a roomy build. 

Milmo 1813 Tote Bag

Milmo's 1813 isn’t just another tote bag, it’s a lifesaver for travel. I often use it as a personal item (paired with my Vuori jumpsuit ) when flying because of its versatility and roominess. I also love that it has a removable and washable interior liner that easily comes out with snap buttons; I don’t have to over-worry about spills and messes (the company also offers a two-year warranty on any defects outside of normal wear and tear). 

Its durable rope handles, which attach along the lower half of the bag, can hold up to 300 pounds, which is why it excels as a travel bag. As a tote, it's elegant, structured design is boardroom-ready (with my PrettyGarden two-piece set) , but it can also be worn as the perfect off-duty bag thanks to its convertible crossbody straps (I can sport it around town in the Vuori jumpsuit or Duer duo when I want to be hands-free). The exterior zip pockets allow for quick and easy access to your essentials while in line at the airport or a local eatery. It comes in four colors, but my choice is green.

Over at Amazon, you can replicate the look by adding the KouLi Buir Quilted Tote Bag ($40) or Missnine Laptop Tote Bag ($30) to your cart. But, if you want vast color options, I recommend the Wrangler Vintage Convertible Tote , which is available in 33 hues and is currently on sale for $49. 

Everlane Day Glove Flats

While I’m a huge fan of my Mansur Gavriel flats , I usually opt for Everlane's Day Gloves when I'm traveling because they’re just so comfortable and sleek. Praised for their buttery soft leather, the shoes mold to your feet for easy movement and endless support. I can take on a full day of walking wearing them. The rubber soles create a solid foundation and provide grippy traction on uneven and slick surfaces.

Made in an Italian factory, they come in 13 colors and sizes from 5 to 11, with the option for narrow or comfort width. I own several colors and rotate them when traveling. Plus, they hardly take up any room in my suitcase, which is always a win if you're a carry-on-only traveler, and can help spruce up professional outfits like the PrettyGarden vest and wide-leg pants , or make laidback styles like the Duer trucker jacket , matching pants , and Minnow sweater dressier.  

Their comfort is hard to match, but Amazon shoppers assure that the Trary Mary Jane Flats are another supportive option (and they're only $35). You can also get the Square-Toe Ankle Strap Ballet Flats , which are teacher-approved , from DreamPairs for $33. Knit flat fans can score the popular Frank Mully Pointed-Toe Flats for $36 thanks to a limited-time deal.

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If you live in Ottawa and want to see a total eclipse, head for the border

Communities in the eclipse's 'path of totality' brace for visitors and hope to cash in.

Solar Eclipse: The journey to the path of totality

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If you want the full experience of a total solar eclipse on April 8, you'll have to leave Ottawa and head south.

The Ottawa-Gatineau area will experience a near-total eclipse — the moon is expected to cover about 99 per cent of the sun — but won't be shrouded in complete darkness like other areas. 

"The sun is a very, very bright star, so even one per cent of the light is too much light. You're not going to see things like the solar corona, which is only visible when you completely block out the sun," said Nikhil Arora, eclipse outreach coordinator at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont.

Luckily, you don't have to travel far to reach the "path of totality," a swath of North America that will experience full coverage of the sun.

Kingston and nearby Gananoque are hosting eclipse events in public parks.

Some local provincial parks and historic sites are also preparing for eclipse watchers and Queen's will provide some experts to answer questions at several locations.

Arora said Kingston's planning is trying to learn from the 2017 American eclipse, the most photographed to date.

"The biggest thing we need to think about is traffic jams and gridlock. That's what we're trying to avoid," he said. "Kingston Transit is free on that day to be able to reach viewing locations."

If the water is more your style, cruise season has started early in the Thousand Islands area to cater to eclipse watchers.

Gananoque Tourism coordinator Jennifer Baril said the eclipse has kicked off the local tourism season more than a month early.

Plan to change plans

Backup plans are essential if you're "very keen" on getting the total experience, according to eclipse chaser David Makepeace.  

• Where to get solar eclipse glasses in Ottawa
• Schools taking cautious approach to 'spectacular and rare' eclipse

"The centre line along the path of totality is where the eclipse lasts the longest," he said.

"If you just come inside the northern limit, you might see a minute or minute and a half of [total] eclipse, but if you'd spent that extra hour to drive deeper … you could end up with three and a half minutes."

Makepeace, who has been chasing and capturing eclipses for 30 years, is planning to travel to Mexico to all but guarantee a clear sky. He recommends watching the weather radar ahead of April 8.

"If you're in the Ottawa area, you may find that it's going to be cloudy here but it's going to be fine in Niagara Falls ,   then drive to Niagara Falls. I know it's a long way … but this is the nature of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity," he said.

"If you're willing to cross the border into the States, it's your shortest drive to the longest amount of totality."

N.Y. hotels booked up

Eclipse watchers from around the world have already noticed how much of the path of totality falls along across Upstate New York.

"The hotel rooms on the U.S. side filled up more than a year ago and the short-term rentals have continued to book and book and book as the weeks have gone on," said Corey Fram, director of tourism at the Thousand Islands International Tourism Council. 

"So we know visitors are coming."

• Why next week's solar eclipse has scientists so excited

The small city of Watertown 200 kilometres south of Ottawa is expecting its population to multiply by as many as eight times during the eclipse.

Mayor Sarah Compo Pierce has been involved in planning for the last two years.

"We're expecting an extreme influx of visitors. The highest estimate we've seen so far is 174,000 people, which would be the largest even in anybody's memory to happen in the city," Compo Pierce said.

The city is closing most of its non-essential operations and redirecting staff to manage traffic and its centrepiece "Total Eclipse of the Park" event in Thompson Park.

The free event has had people register for tickets from as far away as Italy and South America, Compo Pierce said. 

Restaurants and retailers are encouraged to be ready for visitors on April 8, while other businesses such as furniture stores are being asked to reschedule deliveries. 

If big crowds aren't your scene, remember the eclipse is available for free wherever you can safely stop and don your eclipse goggles. Some places prefer you don't park on the side of the road and recommend parking lots.

"As long as you can see the sun from your location inside the path of totality, then you're in the right place to see the eclipse," Makepeace said. 

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

CBC Reporter

Matthew Kupfer has been a reporter and producer at CBC News since 2012. He can be reached at [email protected] and on Twitter @matthewkupfer

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Brazil again extends visa exemptions for US, Canada and Australia, this time until 2025

Brazil’s government has extended exemptions to tourist visa requirements for citizens of the U.S., Australia and Canada until April 2025, extending a program aimed at boosting tourism that had been scheduled to end Wednesday

RIO DE JANEIRO -- Brazil’s government extended exemptions to tourist visa requirements for citizens of the U.S., Australia and Canada until April 2025, extending a program aimed at boosting tourism that had been scheduled to end Wednesday.

The decision, issued by Brazilian presidency and the Ministry of Foreign Relations late Tuesday, marks the third time Brazil has delayed the visa requirement since President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took office in 2023.

His predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro, exempted the countries from visas as a means to boost tourism — although all three countries continued to demand visas from Brazilians.

That went against the South American country’s tradition of requiring visas from travelers based on the principle of reciprocity and equal treatment, and prompted Lula’s Foreign Ministry to say it would scrap the exemptions.

“Brazil does not grant unilateral exemption from visiting visas, without reciprocity, to other countries,” the ministry said at the time, while noting that the government stood ready to negotiate visa waiver agreements on a reciprocal basis. It did reach a deal with Japan to ease travel provisions.

The decision to maintain exemptions for the three countries is important for boosting tourism in Brazil, notably from the U.S., Brazil’s official tourism board Embratur said in a statement Tuesday.

Official data shows that nearly 670,000 Americans visited Brazil in 2023, making the U.S. the second largest country of origin after neighboring Argentina.

The government initially postponed the reinstatement of the visa requirement in October, then again in January. At the time, the government said it was still finalizing a new visa system and wanted to avoid implementing it close to the high season, mainly during the New Year’s celebrations and Carnival festivities in February, which attract tens of thousands of tourists.

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