what does closed loop cruise

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Closed-Loop Cruises: Everything You Need to Know

By Sue Bryant

Last updated: November 6th, 2023

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Have you ever found yourself with a few days to spare and an overwhelming desire to escape to the balmy Caribbean, or on an Alaskan adventure, then realized that you don’t have a passport, or your passport has expired? As a U.S. citizen, you can take advantage of the convenience of what’s called a closed-loop cruise—with no passport required.

What is a closed-loop cruise?

A closed-loop cruise is a cruise that departs and ends in the same U.S. port, for example, Fort Lauderdale to Fort Lauderdale, or round-trip to Alaska from Seattle.

Prospect Point in Stanley Park, Vancouver

These cruises have to meet certain criteria to qualify.  Every voyage on a ship that’s not U.S. flagged, departing from and returning to a U.S. port must, according to maritime law, visit one foreign port of call. This is why you’ll find Alaska cruises stopping in Vancouver, or Western Caribbean cruises calling in at Cancun.

To qualify as closed-loop cruises, the places these itineraries can include must be contiguous territories of the United States. That includes Mexico and Canada, because both share land borders with the U.S., and several of the islands of the Caribbean .

Do I need a passport for a closed-loop cruise?

Key West, Florida

In most cases, you don’t need a passport for a closed-loop cruise. This is one of the reasons why these itineraries are so popular. You can, of course, use your passport or passport card as an ID if you have one. But in the case of closed-loop cruises, U.S. citizens are allowed to enter or depart the country with proof of citizenship.

According to U.S. Customs & Border Protection, this includes an Enhanced Driver’s License, which is a state-issued driver’s license that provides proof of identity and U.S. citizenship; a government-issued birth certificate (issued by the Vital Records Department in the state where the person was born) or passport; and if 16 or older, a government-issued driver’s license or picture ID denoting photo, name, and date of birth.

The Enhanced Driver’s License allows you to re-enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean and is valid at land and sea border crossing but not airports.

Different documentation is acceptable for minors under 16, including an original, notarized, or certified copy of their birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Certificate of Naturalization. Voter registration cards and Social Security cards are not considered proof of citizenship.

Falmouth, Jamaica

There are different rules still if you’re a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) of the U.S. While the U.S. government does not require you to have a passport, destinations on the itinerary may have different rules, so it’s always advisable to check. If you are an LPR, you’ll need your I-551, or Green Card, to re-enter the U.S. And if you’re not a U.S. citizen or a U.S. LPR, you’ll need a passport regardless of whether you’re on a closed-loop cruise or not.

If you do choose to take advantage of this opportunity to travel without a passport, there are a couple of warnings to bear in mind. Say, for example, something goes wrong and you have to return to the U.S. by air. In this case, you’d need a passport to board a flight.

Also, if you miss the ship in one of the ports, you’ll have to make your own way home or to catch up with the cruise, which could be difficult without a passport. If you book an excursion through Celebrity Cruises, that won’t happen, since the ship is guaranteed to wait for you.

What are some of the best closed-loop cruise itineraries?

Fort lauderdale to bahamas, mexico and grand cayman.

Atlantis Resort in Nassau, Bahamas

Cruise from Fort Lauderdale on the fabulous Celebrity Edge, one of the most innovative and impressive ships afloat, bound for the Bahamas and the warm, blue waters of the Caribbean. You’ll spend a day in colorful Nassau, on New Providence Island, with plenty of time to hit the powder-sand beaches, snorkel over dazzling reefs, shop for crafts in the Straw Market, or enjoy an adrenaline rush on one of the dramatic water slides at the glitzy Atlantis Resort.

After a day at sea to enjoy the ship and its magnificent Resort Deck, you’ll arrive at Puerto Costa Maya, Mexico . A vast array of choices beckons here, like relaxed tubing at the freshwater Bacalar Lagoon, where you’ll drift over cenote-fed water that’s an astonishing shade of aquamarine.

Or you could try rafting, sail-and-snorkel tours, and even a healing session with an authentic shaman. There’s Mayan history here, too, at the Chacchoben Ruins, a short drive from the port.

Watch: Discover Cozumel With Celebrity Cruises

From Cozumel , you could join an excursion to the magnificent Mayan ruins at Tulum set against a backdrop of the turquoise sea. Try a salsa and margarita-making masterclass, or paddle a glass-bottomed kayak over rainbow-colored reefs.

This seven-night cruise also calls at Grand Cayman , where you can experience dazzling white beaches, pristine reefs, and unusual wildlife encounters, like swimming among stingrays in the warm, shallow waters of Stingray City.

Browse Caribbean Cruises on Celebrity Edge

Seattle to Alaska, the Inside Passage, and Dawes Glacier

Celebrity Solstice

Spend seven nights exploring the wild beauty of Alaska on Celebrity Solstice , the perfect ship for such dazzling scenery, with its abundance of outside space and top-deck Lawn Club.

You’ll visit pretty Ketchikan, from where you could join a bear-spotting tour, try kayaking, join an expedition to fish for king crab, or just explore the colorful town. Next, there’s a full day slowly cruising the 30-mile Endicott Arm Fjord , past tumbling waterfalls and chunks of floating ice that have broken off the magnificent Dawes Glacier, a 600-foot tall wall of blue-white ice. The spectacle of this vast river of ice meeting the sea is a highlight of the day.

Mendenhall Lake in Juneau, Alaska

You’ll also visit Juneau , the perfect spot for whale-watching, hiking, and thrilling flightseeing trips over snow-covered mountains. In Skagway, you’ll have the chance to ride the spectacular White Pass and Yukon Route railroad, heading high over rugged passes, following the trail of hardy prospectors from the Gold Rush days.

As Celebrity Solstice heads back to Seattle, there’s a day on board to relax as the ship threads its way through the narrow channels of the Inside Passage , between forested islands and rock-strewn beaches, with great opportunities for spotting whales and bears from your vantage point on deck.

There’s also a call at historic Victoria on Canada’s Vancouver Island, where you can experience a pleasing blend of elegant, British colonial architecture, cool shops, and craft breweries before you return to Seattle.

Browse Alaska Cruises on Celebrity Solstice

Los Angeles to the Mexican Riviera

Watch: Discover the Mexican Riviera With Celebrity Cruises

Sail round-trip from Los Angeles to the glamorous Mexican Riviera on the recently revolutionized Celebrity Millennium. From buzzing Puerto Vallarta, you could join a whale-watching tour, browse the arty stores, or kick back at the beach to enjoy the soft sand and azure waters of the Pacific.

At Cabo San Lucas , there’s more whale-watching along the wild, rocky coast, or watersports ranging from kayaking to snorkeling. Explore the Art District and old adobe buildings in nearby San Jose del Cabo, or explore the Baja desert on a 4×4 off-road adventure.

Read: Where to Go Whale Watching in Mexico

From Ensenada, you could snorkel over underwater rock formations at Todos Santos island, or join a wine tasting tour to Calafia Valley, Mexico’s wine-growing region. Closer to port, join a walking tour of the cosmopolitan town to sample tequila and tacos .

Read: Best Things to Do in Ensenada

Celebrity Millennium Suite

You’ll have three full days at sea on this itinerary to soak up the Pacific sunshine and enjoy Celebrity Millennium . Why not upgrade to The Retreat for a true taste of luxury? You’ll enjoy a luxurious suite and dine in the beautiful, fine dining Luminae restaurant, exclusive to guests of this tranquil enclave.

Browse Mexican Riviera cruises on Celebrity Millennium

Fort Lauderdale to Key West, Belize, and Grand Cayman

Set sail from Fort Lauderdale on the brand new Celebrity Apex , the second in Celebrity Cruises’ award-winning Edge series. You’ll spend a day at quirky, colorful Key West, where you can try stand-up paddleboarding or join a cycling tour through the palm-lined streets of this happily eccentric place. Explore Ernest Hemingway’s former home, and don’t miss a chance to sample the island’s iconic key lime pie.

Tropical Belize is all about adventure, from cave tubing to ziplining high above the rainforest canopy. Mayan antiquities have been absorbed by the forest, making their setting even more dramatic. Visit mysterious Lamanai, one of Mesoamerica’s largest ceremonial sites, or join a tour to the ancient hilltop ruins of Xunantunich and the temple of El Castillo.

Read: Unforgettable Adventures in Belize

Stingray City in George Town, Grand Cayman

This cruise also visits the beach paradise of Cozumel , for all manner of watersports, shopping, and sizzling Mexican cuisine. There’s even a chance to join a taco-making class.

Celebrity Apex then sets a course east to the island of Grand Cayman, famed for its magnificent beaches and marine life, like the tame stingrays that congregate around the Stingray City sandbar waiting to be fed tidbits of squid.

Celebrity Edge Magic Carpet

You’ll have one more day at sea to soak up the tropical sun on deck and enjoy the many features of the ship. Lounge at the Magic Carpet with a cocktail; this multipurpose platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, with water on three sides, so you’ll feel as though you are flying. Or relax in the leafy serenity of Eden, or dine al fresco in the lovely Rooftop Garden Grill.

Browse cruises to Key West, Belize & Grand Cayman on Celebrity Apex

Cape Liberty to Bermuda

Charge your champagne glass and raise a toast to Lady Liberty on this seven-night voyage from Cape Liberty, New Jersey to chic Bermuda and back. As your ship, Celebrity Summit, edges out of port, you’ll have magnificent views of the Manhattan skyline as you sail right past the Statue of Liberty and then out under the iconic Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, setting a course south-east to balmy Bermuda .

Jobson’s Cove Beach, Bermuda

Here, on this enchanted island where the sand is pink and the policemen wear knee-length shorts, you’ll have two and a half days to explore, which means two overnight stays .

There’s plenty to do, from snorkeling to golf, exploring the shops and galleries in Hamilton, the pastel-hued capital, and visiting the island’s forts. Hike the historic Railway Trail, consisting of 18 miles of scenic pathway following the course of an old railroad line.

Set sail on a catamaran trip at sunset, or join a pub crawl of Hamilton’s bars after dark. One of the most unique things to do in Bermuda is to sample a Dark ‘n’ Stormy, the powerful local specialty made of dark rum with ginger beer and a slice of lime.

Browse Bermuda cruise itineraries

Fort Lauderdale to Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, and St. Kitts

Old San Juan, Puerto Rico

Sail to the sun on Celebrity Apex, departing Fort Lauderdale, Florida for vibrant Puerto Rico , where an afternoon and evening in port mean you’ll see two faces of charismatic San Juan. Explore the chunky fortress, Castillo San Felipe del Morro, and the brightly colored streets of Old San Juan, or visit the Bacardi distillery to learn about and sample the famous rum.

Mount Liamuiga, St. Kitts

You’ll find plenty of military history at St. Kitts , like the rugged Brimstone Hill Fortress, a massive compound built by the British in 1690. This tiny island packs a real punch, with an enormous variety of things to do.

Trundle through the sugarcane fields on a scenic train journey, or hike Mount Liamuiga, a dormant volcano at the island’s center. Learn how to make your own gourmet truffles at a chocolate workshop. Visit neighboring Nevis and see the birthplace of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the U.S.

At Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas , you’ll find it impossible to resist exploring the crystal-clear water via snorkeling, kayaking, or sailboat. For an afternoon basking on the gorgeous Honeymoon Beach, the lush, low-key island of St. John is an easy hop across the water.

Browse itineraries to Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, and St. Kitts on Celebrity Apex

Celebrity Apex

Start planning your closed-loop cruise today and browse cruise itineraries on our website.

Sue has been writing about cruising for 20 years and is lucky enough to have sailed all seven continents. She lives in London, where she is cruise editor of The Times and The Sunday Times newspapers, as well as a freelance contributor to magazines and websites worldwide.

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Closed Loop Cruise: Passport Requirements & Destinations

Got a few free days and looking to go on a trip, but don’t have a passport? Don’t worry, you still have plenty of options! If you passport has expired, or you never got a passport in the first place, you are still able to visit several foreign countries as a U.S. citizen. The answer to your “problem” is a closed loop cruise.

These types of cruises allow you, as an American, to sail to amazing destinations without a passport. Below, we take a look at what closed loop cruises are and tell you exactly which places you can visit on a closed loop cruise.

What Is a Closed Loop Cruise?

First things first, though—what is a closed loop cruise? The answer is right there, in the name. Closed loop cruises have “closed” itineraries, meaning that they start and end in the same U.S. port. On the way, however you may visit some other destinations, whether within the United States or in other countries. All closed loop cruises are round-trip cruises from the same port in the United States.

Places You Can Go on a Closed Loop Cruise (Without a Passport)

Even though closed loop cruises can’t take you wherever you want to go, the destination choices may be more diverse than you’d expect. From the beaches of the Bahamas to the wilderness of Alaska, these are the greatest place you can visit on a closed loop cruise without a passport.

Explore the rugged coasts of Alaska on a closed loop cruise from cities like Seattle and San Francisco . Visit the historic coastal towns of Skagway, Sitka and Juneau, and see iconic wildlife, from orcas and whales to brown bears and bald eagles.

Cruise around the Hawaiian Islands and soak up that glorious tropical sunshine. See waterfalls and rainbows, enjoy amazing Polynesian food and hit the waves on a surfboard. Cruises to Hawaii start in most major West Coast cities, such as San Diego , Los Angeles and Seattle.

New England and Eastern Canada

Discover the rocky coasts of New England and eastern Canada on a closed loop cruise from Boston or New York City. Indulge in world-class seafood, see beautiful lighthouses, visit seaside villages and explore important historic sites.

One of the most accessible tropical islands from the U.S. East Coast, Bermuda is a popular destination for closed loop cruises. You can visit this gorgeous, historic island on round-trip cruises from Boston and other East Coast ports. Swim with dolphins , visit the Royal Navy Dockyard or scuba dive to a shipwreck.

The Bahamas

Blessed with near-perpetual sunshine and stunning beaches, the Bahamas are one of the world’s most popular cruise destinations. As a Caribbean island nation, it’s an excellent place to visit without a passport on closed loop cruises. Departure ports include Baltimore , Charleston, Jacksonville, Miami and other southeastern U.S. cities.

The Caribbean

Comprised of the Western, Eastern and Southern Caribbean Island, the greater Caribbean region is home to some of the greatest beach destination on the planet. Go on a closed loop cruise from Florida and visit such stunning islands as St. Lucia, Barbados, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Martinique and Bonaire. Remember, however, that some of these island nations may require you to have a passport to enter.

Whether it’s a Baja California cruise from San Diego or L.A., or a cruise to Cozumel from the East Coast, Mexico is a great closed loop cruise destination. Discover ancient temples and architecture, sample classic Mexican cuisine, sunbathe on amazing beaches and partake in endless outdoor adventures. Check out the best time to cruise to Mexico here .

So, for example, you can board a cruise ship in Miami, Florida , stop at least one foreign port in places like Mexico, the Bahamas or the Caribbean, and return to the port of Miami afterwards. This is a closed loop cruise. As a U.S. citizen, you will not need a valid passport to leave and re-enter the United States this way.

If, however, you depart from Miami, sail through the Panama Canal , visiting a foreign port on the way, and disembark in Los Angeles, you have not been on a closed loop cruise, even though both your departure and arrival ports are in the United States. These kinds of one-way cruises require all passengers to have a valid passport.

Good to know: Maritime laws state that cruise ships not sailing under the American flag must stop in at least one port of call outside the United States. Great examples of this include a stop in Canada on Alaska cruises , a stop in Bermuda on a round-trip from Boston, or a stop in Cozumel from Fort Lauderdale.

Remember: The start and end point of your cruise must be the same U.S. port.

Do I Need a Passport on a Closed Loop Cruise?

American citizens do not need a passport to go on a closed loop cruise. They can leave and re-enter their own country without a passport. However, it is important to know that another proof of citizenship will be required instead.

According to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Information Center , other valid proofs of citizenship you can use to go on closed loop cruises besides a passport are:

• Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL);
• Government-issued birth certificate; or
• Government-issued certificate of naturalization

If you’re 16 or older, you will also need a valid government-issued driver’s license or picture ID that contains your photo, name and date of birth.

U.S. citizens younger than 16 may use an original, notarized or certified copy of their birth certificate to go on a closed loop cruise. They do not need other documents to leave and re-enter the USA.

Note, however, that this does not necessarily mean that the countries on your itinerary, especially in the Caribbean, won’t still require you to have a passport to enter. If that’s the case, your cruise line might already require you to have a passport to board the ship—even if U.S. Customs and Border Protection does not.

If you aren’t sure, please ask your cruise line about this in advance. A closed loop cruise refers only to U.S. immigration regulations and passport requirements for U.S. citizens. It does not reflect those of the destinations on the closed loop cruise.

How Do I Know If My Cruise Is Closed Loop?

This is pretty straightforward. As we’ve mentioned above, a closed loop cruise is a cruise that departs from and returns to the same port in the United States. It’s really that simple.

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Complete Guide to Closed-Loop Cruises (and Open Jaw Itineraries)

Cruising, as you may know, is one of the best ways to explore the world’s coastlines and nearby cities. But what if you lack a passport or your passport has expired? Exactly what are the passport requirements to cruise? 

As a United States resident, you may benefit from the ease of a so-called closed-loop cruise and not need a passport for a cruise vacation at all. Let’s dive in.

Disclosure: This page has affiliate links, meaning we may earn a small commission if you click the link and proceed with a purchase  at no cost to you . We truly only recommend cruises, experiences, products, and services we personally use. As Amazon Associates, we earn from qualifying purchases.

What is a Closed Loop Cruise? 

First, let's define a closed loop voyage. 

The itineraries of closed-loop cruises begin and end in the same port. For purposes of this conversation, that port is in the United States (even though the term “closed loop cruise” could be used to describe a cruise that starts and ends in the same city in another country). 

Think of it like a closed circuit, with the ship literally closing a geographical loop, even if that loop is an imperfect shape. However, along the route, you might stop at a few other places, either in the United States or abroad. 

The benefit of taking these “round-trip cruises” is that American travelers don’t necessarily need a passport as long as the trip begins and ends at the same U.S.A. port. However, you must understand the nuances of the itinerary you choose if you don’t have a passport, even if you have a travel agent to help guide you. 

That’s why we stress how imperative it is to read the detailed information below about identification requirements.

Closed Loop Cruise Origins

So how did closed-loop cruises come about? Well, in order to comply with U.S. maritime rules and the Passenger Vessel Services Act (also known as the Jones Act), all foreign-registered cruise lines leaving from American ports are required to include a port abroad. 

Nearly all cruise ships are foreign-flagged, so they must stop outside the nation. ( US River Cruise ships are an exception to the foreign-flagged generalization.) These destinations are usually contiguous United States territories such as Mexico, Canada, Bermuda, and the Caribbean islands.

Example of a Closed-Loop Cruise

Here’s an example of a closed-loop cruise itinerary that starts and ends in a United States Cruise Port :

• A 4-night cruise departs from the Port of Miami in Florida.
• It makes a port of call in Nassau, in the Bahamas…
• …then sails onto Half Moon Cay.
• The cruise returns to Miami to disembark, where it departed from. 

Disney Cruise Line has a very similar 3-day or 4-day itinerary, usually departing from Port Canaveral, which is on Florida’s Space Coast near Cape Canaveral . It leaves, returns to Port Canaveral, and stops at Disney’s Castaway Cay island and Nassau in between. 

While these 3 or 4-day itineraries are considered short, there are plenty of longer sailings with more Port of Call available across many cruise lines. 

Most of the itinerary options are on bigger ships with 1,500+ passengers. 

If a Cruise Starts and Ends in the United States but From Two Different Ports, is it a Closed-Loop Cruise?

No. If a cruise starts in San Diego but ends in Los Angeles, for example, it is an open-jaw cruise, not a closed-loop cruise. 

Another example: If a cruise starts at Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale but ends in the Port of Miami, it is not a closed-loop cruise.

What is an Open Jaw Cruise or Itinerary? 

Perhaps you’d prefer to explore beyond the destinations of a closed-loop cruise. 

A cruise that departs from one port and arrives/ends at a separate port of call is known as an “Open-Jaw Cruise.” Sometimes they’re referred to as “Open Loop” or “Repositioning” cruises. 

While these ocean trips on the high seas require a passport, you can access many more countries. 

On a map, such a trip may appear as a triangle or an “open jaw.” For example, you may do a yacht cruise on the Mediterranean as we did that departs from Athens, explores Greece, then heads to Sicily and ends on mainland Italy, and takes a flight home from Rome.

Without geographic restrictions, ships with an open itinerary can travel farther and often stop at more ports. This may also entail visiting places that other cruises would not have the time or ability to visit, such as more exotic locations.

Do you Need a Passport for a Closed Loop Cruise? 

A passport is typically not required for a closed-loop cruise for United States citizens if the cruise starts and ends in the same U.S. port. 

For example, this has made Hawaiian Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Alaska cruises very popular.

You Need Valid Government Identification, Even if Not a Passport

However, valid identification to board the ship is required; you must also show that identification upon reentry to the US. Such ID includes proof of citizenship and a government-issued ID. If you happen to have a valid passport, it’s the only ID required.

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Stay organized with a dedicated container, book, or pouch for all your cruise documents, including your identification.

Ensure that this remains in your carry-on bag as you embark and disembark the ship.

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What Documentation Is Needed For A Closed-Loop Cruise? 

Nervous about going on a cruise without a passport? While it’s true that you don’t need a passport for most US closed-loop cruises, you must present two forms of ID to board a closed-loop cruise ship. 

These forms of ID should be carried with you when you disembark at each port of call. 

Two Forms of ID

As we mentioned, adults must have two ID forms to board a cruise if they don't have a passport. The two documents must fall under the two categories listed below.

1. Proof of Citizenship

One form of ID must be your proof of US citizenship. For example, this can be a government-issued birth certificate. 

2. Government-Issued ID with Requirements 

The second acceptable piece of identification must be a government-issued ID with your photo, full name, and date of birth. A driver’s license will suffice.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection offers a comprehensive list and details the criteria for taking a cruise without a passport, including what constitutes a government-issued photo ID.

Always check to see the latest details of the requirements before you book your cruise, while you await your cruise, and about four weeks before your cruise to make sure you’re good to go. 

While U.S. Customs recommend an Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL) as a passport alternative, very few states offer this form of government-issued ID. 

It’s also important to mention that as an ID, driver’s licenses are only accepted at land border crossings and sea border crossings, not airports for international destinations. You can also only use a valid driver’s license to re-enter the United States from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean.

Closed-Loop Cruise Documentation

• Voter registration card/ID
• Social security card
• Baptismal papers
• Hospital certificates of birth

Enhanced Driver's License vs. Real ID

Is a Real ID the same thing as an EDL? No. It is not.

The short answer is that EDLs can be used for limited border crossings and is only available in specific border states. Whereas a Real ID is available in all states, it cannot be used to cross borders like an EDL or passport.

A Real ID does not have an additional cost to obtain. It differs from previous driver's licenses because it shows a star icon in the top corner of the license.

An EDL is only offered in a handful of states and costs an additional $30.

The Department of Homeland Security states the following about an EDL:

Enhanced Drivers Licenses (EDLs) are state-issued enhanced drivers licenses that provide proof of identity and U.S. citizenship. They are issued in a secure process, and include technology that makes travel easier. EDLs are a low-cost, convenient option for entering the United States from Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean through a land or sea port of entry, in addition to serving as a permit to drive. DHS Enhanced Driver's Licenses: What Are They?

EDLs are only available to residents of the following states:

Real IDs are available in 55 states and territories, however, it is not a viable document to cross a border, including for international sea cruise travel.

REAL ID cards cannot be used for border crossings into Canada, Mexico or other international travel. From “Real ID FAQs” on the Department of Homeland Security

Children Under the Age of 16

For children traveling under the age of 16, a variety of forms of identification, including an original birth certificate or a copy that has been notarized or certified, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or a Certificate of Naturalization, are acceptable. 

What is Not Acceptable as a Form of ID? 

As per the US Government's regulations, documents proving voter registration and social security cards are not recognized as proof of identity. 

Lawful Permanent Residents

There are specific rules if you are a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) of the United States. 

Even though the US Government doesn’t mandate that you need a passport, it is always advisable to double-check as some locations along your cruise journey may have various requirements, including having a visa. 

If you are an LPR, you must have your I-551, or Green Card, in order to re-enter the US. 

A valid passport from your nation of residence is required if you’re not a U.S. citizen or a LPR of the United States of America.

Closed-Loop Cruises: Popular Port Cities from the United States 

U.S. departure ports are plentiful, from coast to coast.

The most popular port cities on the East Coast are Miami and Fort Lauderdale in Florida, the Port of Miami, and Port Everglades, respectively. 

On the West Coast, San Francisco sees the most cruise ships pass through every year. Quite a few other city ports are offering closed-loop cruises from the US, so let’s take a look.

West Coast Closed-Loop Cruises

An Alaskan cruise is one of the most popular closed-loop cruise options in the US. If departing from the United States, Alaska cruises depart from Seattle, San Francisco, or Los Angeles. They often stop in Vancouver, British Columbia (in Canada), to pick up more cruise passengers.

Mexican Riviera and Hawaii closed loop itineraries are accessible from the West Coast, departing from the cities of San Pedro and Long Beach, San Francisco, and San Diego.

East Coast Closed-Loop Cruises

If you’re looking to head somewhere warmer such as the Bahamas, look to sail from: 

• Florida: Either from Jacksonville, Fort Lauderdale’s Port Everglades, the Space Coast’s Port Canaveral, the Port of Miami, or Tampa.
• Maryland: Baltimore.
• Northeast and New England area: Manhattan in New York City, Cape Liberty in New Jersey, or Boston, Massachusetts.
• Texas: Galveston.

Some of these itineraries even stop in Bermuda if you take a closed loop cruise from Boston, Manhattan, Baltimore, or Cape Liberty. 

Of course, you can’t forget about a Caribbean cruise! There are quite a few port options if you want to travel to the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea. The main cruise port options with itineraries sailing there are from Port Canaveral, Manhattan, Port Everglades, Baltimore, Charleston, New Orleans, Cape Liberty, Galveston, or Tampa. 

Popular Cruise Lines Offering Close Looped Cruises

Though cruise ships and their contracted ports of call may change annually, here’s a list of cruise lines and expected ports they sail from. 

Princess Cruises

Princess is one of our favorite cruise lines for a mature audience! It’s not great for traveling with kids but if you’re adults, it’s a wonderful option.

With Princess Cruises , you can travel to Grand Cayman, Puerto Rico, Mexico, or the Bahamas from the United States. They operate many cruises from Fort Lauderdale or off the West Coast, where you can sail from Los Angeles to Mexico or Hawaii.

In fact, we sailed on a wonderful closed-loop California itinerary that stopped in San Francisco, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ensanda before heading back to Los Angeles. 

Celebrity Cruises

Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida, are popular ports for Celebrity Cruises . You can travel to Mexico, the Bahamas, and the Caribbean from here.

It’s another one of our favorite cruise lines, offering class and sophistication to a generally younger audience than Princess Cruises.

We absolutely love their class offerings – our favorite is “in “ The Retreat ” – and recommend booking a suite if you sail with Celebrity. 

Disney Cruise Line

Who doesn’t love a Disney cruise, especially when you can sail to Bermuda, the Bahamas, or the Caribbean with all your favorite characters? But even if the characters don’t pique your interest, sailing as adults, only, is always fun with Disney. We’ve cruised on DCL without kids many times! 

Castaway Cay, Disney's private island, is an incredibly popular destination that only Disney Cruise Line sails to.

Most Disney Cruises in the United States set sail from the East Coast, with the most popular ports being Port Canaveral and Miami. However, there is often a west coast cruise itinerary each year, like from San Diego. 

Holland America Line

The majority of Holland America Line (HAL) closed loop cruises leave Fort Lauderdale and head to the Caribbean. But if you’re looking for an incredible Alaskan experience, head out west to Seattle and catch a trip to The Last Frontier with HAL.

Royal Caribbean 

An incredibly popular cruise line, Royal Caribbean departs from 14 ports across the US. The most popular closed-loop itineraries leave from Port Canaveral and Miami, where they sail to the Caribbean and the Bahamas.

People love to visit Coco Cay, Royal Caribbean’s private island.

Norwegian Cruise Line 

Despite its name, many cruises with Norwegian actually depart from the US. Amongst their popular itineraries is a Hawaiian closed-loop cruise from Honolulu, that tours around the Hawaiian Islands. 

To visit the Bahamas or the Caribbean with Norwegian Cruise Line, choose the Port of Miami as the departure port.

Carnival Cruises

Miami, Galveston, Tampa, and Port Canaveral are the port of call where most closed-loop Carnival Cruises sail from. The top itineraries for all three ports will lead you to the incredible island nations of the Caribbean.

MSC Cruises

Dip your toes in Caribbean sand when you set sail from Port Canaveral or the Port of Miami. MSC Cruises offers hundreds of closed loop cruises each year.

Margaritaville at Sea

If you want a very short, low-cost cruise option that sails from the Port of Palm Beach, look into Margaritaville at Sea . 

Closed-Loop Cruises in Popular European Cities  

The United States isn’t the only region that offers closed loop cruises. Numerous cities in Europe also have such itineraries, although they aren’t always referred to as a closed loop cruise in marketing material. 

Rather, you’ll see terms like “return trip cruise” or “two-way cruises.” Check each itinerary very closely. 

However, it’s worth noting that while these cruises are technically closed-loop, because they start and end in the same port of call as our Emerald Cruises did in Amsterdam in The Netherlands, you need a passport to sail in Europe or Asia, for example, if you’re a United States citizen traveling abroad. You’ll also need a passport to fly there at an international airport.

One of the closed itineraries growing in popularity in Europe is a cruise to Iceland. Departing and ending at Rotterdam, in The Netherlands, you’ll get to explore this true wonder of the world. Cruises to Iceland also commonly include a port of call in Ireland as well.

The port of Civitavecchia in Rome, Italy, also offers a number of return trip cruises. These itineraries include stops in Greece, Turkey, and Italy. Or you can sail in a loop from the port of Ravenna in Venice, Italy, to see cities in Italy, Croatia, and Greece.

MSC offers popular cruises in the Mediterranean with return trips from Marseille, France . On these journeys, you will stop in places such as Genoa, Palermo, Ibiza, Valencia, Barcelona, and Naples.

Closed-Loop Cruises FAQs

What are the advantages of a closed loop cruise.

There are many, especially if you don’t have a passport!

What are the Disadvantages of a Closed Loop Cruise?

The main disadvantage is that fewer ports of call are available to you. Along with this, depending on your taste and travel preferences, your experience diving into different cultures and historical sites is lessened if you can only explore closed-loop cruise options. 

How Do I Know If My Cruise Is Closed-Loop? 

Two main things indicate if your cruise is closed loop and you won’t need a passport  (but don’t forget – you need other valid identification): 

• For Americans looking to travel without a passport, the first piece of information to note when investigating whether or not a cruise is closed-loop is if it departs from and arrives back at the same US port. 

In order for it to be considered a closed-loop cruise that you don’t need a passport for the ship must leave and return to the same exact American port. 

• The second criterion to check for is: Are all ports of call on the itinerary within the Western hemisphere? 

Today, the majority of cruises that are closed-loop and you don’t need a passport for as a US citizen are within the Western Hemisphere only.

The idea of a closed-loop cruise originated with the creation of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) . 

The objective of WHTI was to enhance and fortify American border security after 9/11 in 2001. However, there was also the added objective of streamlining and improving entry procedures into the United States. Several aspects of the initiative also deal with easing entry for residents of Bermuda, Canada, and Mexico. 

Can You Leave the Ship on a Closed-Loop Cruise Without a Passport?

The answer is yes and no. It depends on the port of call. 

It’s important to check the itinerary for your trip because there are a few places, even on a closed-loop cruise, that do require a passport to disembark. This is particularly common in the Caribbean in nations including Guadeloupe, the island of Martinique, St. Barts, Barbados, and others. 

Below is a list of Caribbean nations you can travel to without a passport on a closed-loop cruise (meaning you can disembark the ship if your cruise ship stops there and you do not have a passport):

• Antigua and Barbuda
• British Virgin Islands
• Cayman Islands
• Dominican Republic
• Netherlands Antilles
• St. Kitts and Nevis
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Turks and Caicos

If you travel to any of these countries without a passport, however, it’s a good idea to take your valid forms of ID with you when you walk around the port in case you encounter any problems. 

Precautions to Keep in Mind Traveling Outside the United States Without a Passport

Keep a few things to keep in mind if you travel on a closed-loop cruise without a passport. 

Imagine, for instance, that something goes awry, and you need to fly back to the United States from a foreign country for a medical emergency. In this situation and in the case of an emergency, you will need a passport in order to travel through an international airport and board an airplane traveling internationally.

Additionally, without a U.S. passport, getting home or catching up with the trip could be challenging if you miss the ship in one of the ports.

An Enhanced Driver's License (EDL) allows you to re-enter the United States from Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean. However, an EDL is only accepted at land and sea border crossings, not for air travel.

A closed loop cruise is a wonderful sea travel option for United States residents and citizens who want a vacation in multiple cities without needing a passport. (It’s an especially good option if you’re waiting for your new passport to arrive and you’re aching to go on a cruise, asap!) 

However, there are things to be aware of when you’re looking into going on a closed-loop cruise from the United States. With the important information we have provided here, you’ll be an informed traveler who can make the best decision for your’s and your family’s next cruise.

Interested in cruises? Read this next:

• River Cruise vs Ocean Cruise: What’s the Difference?
• How to Decide the Best Cruises to Book
• Guide to Mississippi River Cruises: Discover The Heart of America

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Where can I find information concerning actual open jaw/repositioning cruises please? All I saw here was a definition of what they are…………..

Hi John – there are an innumerable amount of cruises available and they’re constantly changing in availability and price, so it’s hard for us to list them out in an article like this. That is why, instead, we help people understand what they are. Then, you have the tools to research open-jaw or closed-jaw cruises on your own on any of the dozens and dozens of cruise line websites. If you go to any website for a cruise and search by port, you can find the itinerary. If it starts and ends in different ports, it’s considered an open-jaw cruise. Best of luck! – Mikkel

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Ever Heard of a Closed-Loop Cruise? Here’s What to Know About These Unique Sailings

A lesser-known rule allows u.s. travelers to sail to some international destinations without a passport as long as they are on what is known as a “closed-loop cruise.”.

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You don’t need a passport to sail through Canadian ports en route to Alaska as long as you start and end your cruise at the same U.S. port.

Photo by Heather Shevlin/Unsplash

A closed-loop cruise is a cruise that departs from and returns to the same U.S. port and remains in the Western Hemisphere. As such, it does not require the passengers to have a U.S. passport—even if the itinerary visits some international ports along the way.

According to U.S. Customs and Borders Protection (CBP), rules established by the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative require that U.S. citizens who are traveling abroad hold a valid passport—unless they are on a closed-loop cruise. Those sailing on a closed-loop cruise can enter or leave the country with an alternative proof of citizenship, such as a government-issued driver’s license or birth certificate.

If your sailing does not end at the same port where you began—for instance, if you are thinking of booking a one-way Panama Canal itinerary from San Diego, California, to Miami, Florida—you will need a passport. And be aware that some Caribbean islands (more on this in the Caribbean listing below) do require a passport, which means your cruise line will require a passport before you board the ship if you are sailing to a destination that independently requires it.

Do kids need a passport for a closed-loop cruise?

Kids do not need a passport if they are sailing on a closed-loop cruise. If there is a passport requirement, each person in your party needs to have a passport, including infants and toddlers. All cruises throughout the world that sail in destinations outside the United States and that are not closed-loop cruises require a passport.

What form of I.D. do you need for a closed-loop cruise?

If you are on a closed-loop cruise that begins and ends at the same port in the United States and visits Canada, Mexico, or much of the Caribbean, you do not need a valid passport. According to CBP, all you need is documentation proving you are a U.S. citizen. In lieu of a passport, you can present these alternative documents on a closed-loop cruise:

• Enhanced driver’s license, which is a state-issued driver’s license that provides proof of U.S. citizenship (currently available only to residents of Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington)
• Government-issued driver’s license
• Government-issued birth certificate
• Official certificate of naturalization

Where do closed-loop cruises sail?

Closed-loop cruise itineraries that do not require a passport include:

• Alaska: Cruise to Alaska on closed-loop sailings that typically start and end on the West Coast, stopping in Canada along the way.
• Bahamas: There are numerous closed-loop cruises to the Bahamas from ports up and down the Eastern Seaboard.
• Bermuda: Sail to Bermuda on closed-loop cruises from East Coast ports, including Baltimore, Boston, New York City, and Port Canaveral, Florida.
• Canada: You can sail round-trip to Canada on a closed-loop cruise from Boston, New York, and New Jersey.
• Caribbean: Start and end your Caribbean sailing in ports like Miami, Fort Lauderdale, or Tampa in Florida; Mobile, Alabama; New Orleans; or Galveston, Texas. Keep in mind that some islands—including Martinique, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and St. Bart’s—do require a passport.
• Mexico: Sail down to Mexico on a closed-loop western Caribbean cruise from Florida ports, New Orleans, or Galveston, or to the Pacific side of Mexico to destinations such as Cabo San Lucas, Puerto Vallarta, and Mazatlán from California ports—without a passport. Belize and Honduras, which are sometimes included on these itineraries, also waive their passport requirements for cruise ship passengers.

The risks of not bringing a passport on a closed-loop cruise

Even though a passport is not required on a closed-loop cruise, there’s a reason why cruise lines often strongly encourage passengers to bring a passport. While you are in a foreign port, if you run into any problems and need to cut your trip short and fly home, you will need a passport to fly back into the United States—passports are required for international air travel. It can also be an issue if you miss your embarkation due to a flight cancellation or delay and need to fly to an international port of call to catch up with your cruise.

You don't have to wait for a passport to travel: What to know about closed-loop cruises

When Chanel Sims graduated college, her mom rewarded her achievement by treating her daughter to a trip with Carnival Cruise Line .

But the July 2022 sailing – shortly after her graduation in May – didn’t leave Sims much time to get a key travel document: her passport.

Sims, now 24, had never gotten one. She tried once before to study abroad but was dissuaded by long wait times , and traveling internationally for fun wasn’t on her radar.

“I was a broke college student. I wasn’t going anywhere,” said Sims, who lives in Los Angeles and works for a life insurance agency.

Luckily for her, there was an alternative: She sailed with her family from Miami to the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos and back with just her photo ID and birth certificate.

In many cases, travelers can sail without a passport on round-trip voyages from the U.S. Here’s what to know.

What is a closed-loop cruise?

Closed-loop cruises are those that start and end at the same U.S. port and travel within the Western Hemisphere.

U.S. citizens booked on those sailings can leave and enter the country with proof of citizenship such as a birth certificate and – if 16 or older – a government-issued photo ID, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection .

They can also use an enhanced driver’s license , which denotes both proofs of identity and citizenship, though those are available only in Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont and Washington for now. Travelers can reenter the country from Canada, the Caribbean and Mexico with an EDL, but the documents are valid for border crossings only by sea or land.

Travelers under 16 can show an “original, notarized or certified copy of his or her birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by Department of State, (DOS) and/or Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS),” according to Customs and Border Protection’s website.

Cruise lines may require you to have a passport anyway, however.

Regent Seven Seas Cruises, for example, requires passports for all voyages no matter the ports of call or countries visited, and destinations may call for them as well.

Carnival, which Sims sailed with, allows U.S. citizens to sail without a passport on qualifying cruises but "highly recommends that all guests travel with a passport valid for at least six months beyond completion of travel," according to its website .

How do I know if I can sail without a passport?

Cruise lines typically provide guidance for travelers on the requirements of their sailing, according to Drew Daly, senior vice president and general manager of travel agency franchise Dream Vacations. A travel adviser can also help fill in any blanks.

Cruising without a passport can be risky, though. The State Department encourages having one "in case of an emergency, such as an unexpected medical air evacuation or the ship docking at an alternate port," according to its website .

If travelers get stuck at a port of call, there will be “a lot of red tape you have to get through” to make it home without one, Daly said.

In those cases, they should contact the U.S. Embassy and local immigration authorities, he said. Daly also recommended taking a photo of your government IDs, which can be helpful backups when dealing with officials.

A travel adviser can hold travelers’ hands through the process, though Daly noted “it’s not something that happens a lot.”

Sims, for her part, was able to easily get off the ship at ports like Nassau with just her Sail & Sign card, she said, which acts as both a room key and means of charging items to your onboard account. After showing her birth certificate and photo ID during the initial boarding process, she kept them in a suitcase.

There are other advantages to having a passport. For instance, the document gives travelers who don't board their cruise in time more flexibility to meet the ship at its next stop. “You can’t fly to Mexico without a passport,” Daly said.

Routine processing of passports currently takes between 10 and 13 weeks, and seven to nine weeks for expedited service, according to the State Department . But most travelers who book with Dream Vacations plan their cruises at least six months out, according to Daly, which should give them plenty of time to get one: “So, we still highly encourage that.”

Nathan Diller is a consumer travel reporter for USA TODAY based in Nashville. You can reach him at [email protected] .

Closed Loop Cruise: What Is It? Everything you need to know

Closed Loop Cruise: Have you ever had a few days to spare and an intense urge to travel to the warm Caribbean or on an adventure in Alaska, only to discover that you are missing your passport or that it has expired? You can benefit from the ease of a closed-loop trip as a citizen of the United States—you don’t even need a passport for this.

A Closed Loop Cruise: What Is It?

The cruise ports in Cozumel are home to the massive cruise ships Carnival Valor and Carnival Conquest.

Beginning and ending in the same U.S. port is a closed-loop trip. Take a voyage that starts and ends in Miami, Florida, or sail nonstop from Seattle, Alaska.

A cruise that starts and ends in different ports in the United States (such as Miami and Fort Lauderdale) is not considered a closed-loop trip.

Typically, a closed-loop cruise would leave from Miami, Florida, make her way to Bermuda and the Caribbean, and then return to Miami.

Miami, Florida, is home to an MSC cruise ship. Cruises that depart from the United States and are round-trip must fulfill certain requirements.

Ships flying foreign flags are required by U.S. maritime law to make a minimum of one port call in a foreign nation.

Because most cruise ships operate under foreign flags, Alaskan itineraries often involve a stop in Canada, and Hawaiian cruises are rather uncommon.

Since most Caribbean and Bahamas sailings already entail international travel, they don’t need to worry about the need.

The cruise must start and conclude in the United States to be eligible for closed-loop classification. It can, however, travel to adjacent contiguous regions or islands, such as the Caribbean, Bermuda, Mexico, and Canada, that are part of the continental United States.

Cruise Ship Pilot: What is their Role and Responsibility?

Is a passport required for closed-loop cruises?

Passports are typically not required for closed-loop cruises. This is among the factors contributing to the popularity of these routes. Of course, if you have a passport or passport card, you can use them as identification. On closed-loop cruises, however, citizens of the United States are permitted entry and exit of the nation upon presentation of valid identification.

In addition to a birth certificate or passport, an enhanced driver’s license proves citizenship and identity.

They can be used to re-enter the United States at land, sea, and air border crossings, but not at airports.

The original, notarized, or certified copy of a birth certificate is acceptable for minors under 16.

Social Security numbers and voter registration cards are not accepted as evidence of citizenship.

If you are a lawful permanent resident (LPR) of the United States, there are still additional regulations. Although the U.S. government does not mandate passport ownership, it is always wise to check the regulations at the places on the itinerary, as they may change. To re-enter the country if you are an LPR, you will require an I-551 or Green Card. And whether or not you’re on a closed-loop cruise, you’ll need a passport if you’re not a citizen or legal permanent resident of the United States.

What is a Pullman Bed on a Cruise Ship and does it work?

There are a few things to be aware of if you decide to take advantage of this chance to travel without a passport. For instance, let’s say something goes wrong and you have to take a plane back to the United States. In this scenario, boarding an airplane would require a passport.

Additionally, you’ll have to find your way home or catch up with the trip if you miss the ship in one of the ports, which could be challenging without a passport. That won’t occur if you reserve an excursion with Celebrity Cruises, as the ship will wait for you.

What Documents Are Necessary for Non-US Nationals on a Closed-Loop Cruise?

For U.S. citizens, the majority of Caribbean islands just demand a picture ID. They may, however, demand a photo ID and a Permanent Resident Card from a U.S. Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) (also known as a green card or I-551).

Should you not be a citizen of the United States or a lawful permanent resident, you will need to provide the necessary paperwork, which may include a passport. Passports are required for all cruises, even closed-loop sailings, for non-citizens of the United States.

According to U.S. Customs & Border Protection, U.S. citizens can enter the United States with a birth certificate and government-issued photo ID, including:

• U.S. Passport
• Passport Card
• Birth Certificate
• Enhanced Driver’s License
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, or FAST)
• U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders
• U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling in conjunction with official maritime business
• Form I-872 American Indian Card
• Enhanced Tribal Card

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What Is A Closed-Loop Cruise: ID, Tips, Best Itineraries

There are many types of cruises, but in recent years one that is becoming more popular is the closed-loop cruise. One reason for this is simple; there are no passport requirements.

However, travelers do need appropriate government-issued documentation when they cruise. This particular type of itinerary begins and ends in the same U.S. port. and sails entirely within the Western Hemisphere.

They are considered round-trip cruises that start and end in U.S. ports.

Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) 

The  Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative  (WHTI) is where the concept of a closed-loop cruise started. The WHTI is a result of the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission following the terrorist attacks in 2001. 

The goal was to improve and strengthen border protection for the United States. However, an additional goal was to make the process of entering the U.S. more efficient and convenient. 

Several parts of the initiative deal with citizens from Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda, in addition to the United States.  

The WHTI introduced the concept of a ‘closed-loop cruise’ as a cruise that begins and ends in the same U.S. port. This type of sailing was granted special documentation requirements to simplify travel.

Specifically, on a closed-loop cruise, U.S. citizens were required to have only a birth certificate and a government-issued photo ID.

This was a significant difference as not all Americans want the hassle or expense of getting a passport. Being able to travel without a passport encourages international exploration.

As Canadians who love to travel, my wife Karen and I have had passports since we were young adults. Also, since Karen was born in Singapore to British parents (her Dad was in the British army), traveling is in her blood! 

However, passports may be unnecessary for millions of Americans born and raised in states such as Florida, California, or Texas. They could drive to the nearest cruise port, take a closed-loop cruise, and see another part of the world.

The only restrictions are that the cruise ship must remain within the Western Hemisphere and return to the same cruise port they departed from.

The Jones Act And the Passenger Vessel Services Act (PVSA)

The Jones Act and Passenger Vessel Services Act were established over 100 years ago in 1886. These  two acts  of maritime law restrict cruise ships that are NOT U.S.-built, owned, and documented.

A cruise company that does not register its ships in the U.S. must include an international port in its itinerary if it departs and returns from a U.S. port. A typical example of this is Alaska cruises that sail out of Seattle.  

These Alaska cruises typically stop in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, to comply with the Jones Act. If they don’t, the cruise line will face USD 778 per passenger fines! 

To have reduced regulations impacting their operations, virtually all cruise companies have their ships registered in tax havens such as the Bahamas.

As a company in a foreign country, this enables them to have a more cost-effective operation and offer lower prices to customers.

Norwegian’s Pride of America is one cruise ship that maintains U.S. documentation and registration. This ship cruises exclusively around the Hawaiian Islands but is considered a U.S.-based cruise ship and not within the restrictions of the Jones Act.

Are U.S. Territories Eligible As U.S. Ports?

Yes, permanent residents or U.S. citizens residing in any U.S. Territories can sail in a closed-loop cruise from their ports of call.

This includes the following territories:

• Puerto Rico
• U.S. Virgin Islands
• American Samoa
• Swains Island
• Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Old San Juan , Puerto Rico, is a popular embarkation port because it puts you further south in the Caribbean.

What Are the Benefits of a Closed-Loop Cruise?

There are many benefits to these cruises. Here are a few reasons you may want to book this type of cruise:

• Begin and end at the same port.
• Many options since they are the most popular type of cruise.
• You can park close to the port and retrieve your vehicle at the same location.
• Book round-trip flights.
• Planning is simple.
• Great for international travel.

You can use one word to describe these cruises –  Simple ! They are easy to travel to since you need just a round-trip flight. 

If you live within driving distance of the cruise port, you can have your car waiting when you disembark. The majority of cruises from the U.S. are closed-loop.

It’s easy to book multiple (back-to-back) cruises in regions like the Caribbean. Book a 2nd cruise with a different itinerary leaving from the same port.

Pre-Covid, we had booked three back-to-back cruises, all sailing from Fort Lauderdale and Miami. This enabled us to try different cruise lines and different ships but with a single flight from Vancouver to Florida.

Travel Documentation Requirements

Although a passport is not required, you should still plan on bringing other government-issued photo IDs and proof of citizenship.

Proof of citizenship can be one of the following:

• Birth Certificate – original or copy is acceptable.
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad.
• Certificate of Naturalization.

A photo ID can be one of the following:

• Green Card.
• Enhanced Driver’s License.
• U.S. Passport Card.

Note the photo ID cards all use RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to reduce time during screening or at checkpoints.

What Is An Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL)?

An enhanced driver’s license is a low-cost travel document that indicates both your identity and citizenship.

The application cost varies by state but is typically USD 40-60 in addition to the price of a primary driver’s license.

However, only Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington currently issue Enhanced Driver’s Licenses.

What Is A U.S. Passport Card?

A United States Passport Card is a low-cost, limited-use travel document produced by the Department of State. It is not accepted for international air travel.

At the time of this writing, the application fee is USD 30.

Where Can You Cruise From?

You can take a closed-loop cruise from any cruise port in the United States. Here are a few of the most popular U.S. cruise ports:

• Fort Lauderdale
• Los Angeles
• New York City
• San Francisco

What Countries Can You Visit?

Since these cruises stay within the Western Hemisphere, this provides a broad list of available countries.

The Western Hemisphere includes Northern America, Central America, South America, Polynesia, Greenland, Western Africa, and parts of Europe.

The following countries are in the Americas and lie entirely within the Western Hemisphere region:

Outside of the Americas, there are other countries within the boundaries of the Western Hemisphere. The following countries or territories are also within and available for cruising from a U.S. port.

• Northern Ireland

However, most cruises that would be round-trip from a U.S. port to these destinations would not qualify as a closed loop. These cruises would likely include ports beyond the Western Hemisphere.

Popular Cruise Options

Here are a few cruises that qualify as closed-loop according to the WHTI guidelines.

Alaska Cruises

Cruising to Alaska is on the bucket list of many travelers. We love it so much that we cruised there twice last year!

Alaska cruises depart from Vancouver or Seattle , as well as San Francisco and Los Angeles. However, only Seattle and San Francisco qualify as closed-loop cruises within the WHTI guidelines. 

San Francisco cruises are a minimum of 10 days due to the extra distance in sailing from California. Seattle cruises are typically seven days but can be up to 14 days in a close-loop format.

Due to the arctic climate, the Alaska cruise season is short and only from May to September. You can get the best price if you’re willing to cruise on the fringe season in May or September. 

Caribbean Cruise

The Caribbean is a  perfect January cruise  for anyone wanting to escape the winter cold. Most Caribbean itineraries sailing out of Florida and Texas are continuous loops because they depart from and return to the same port.

According to Marine Insight, the Port of Miami, Port Canaveral, and Port Everglades, all in Florida, are the Top Three Largest Cruise Ports in the World.

Mexican Riviera

For those U.S. citizens living on the west coast or in California, the Mexican Riviera is an excellent closed-loop cruise. Most cruises depart from Los Angeles, but some also depart from San Diego or San Francisco.

The most popular  Mexican Riviera cruise ports include Cabo San Lucas, Mazatlan, and Puerto Vallarta on 7-day cruises. However, La Paz, Loreto, and Manzanillo are popular on longer cruises of 8-14 days.

The Mexican Riviera cruise season is year-round, with the winter months of December to April considered peak season.

New England

Travelers love New England because it experiences four seasons and is rich in history. This region is served primarily by American Cruise Lines (ACL), with smaller ships carrying less than 200 passengers.

Departure ports include Boston, Providence-Rhode Island, and Portland-Maine. Cruise length ranges from 6-11 nights with all destination ports within New England.

South Pacific/ Polynesia

Another exotic continuous loop cruise includes Hawaii and Polynesia. Just south of the Equator, Polynesia and year-round warm temperatures and gentle Pacific breezes.

The cruise departs and returns to Los Angeles, and typical itineraries are 28 to 32 days.

World Cruises

A world cruise is on the bucket list for many cruisers, but the cost can be prohibitive. Many world cruises start and end at the same U.S. port, such as Los Angeles, Miami, or Fort Lauderdale.

However, only partial world cruises can be considered “closed-loop.” This is due to the restriction that the itinerary must be exclusively in the Western Hemisphere.

This partial world cruise shown above is a 74-night cruise leaving Fort Lauderdale and includes all of South America and the Antarctic. This itinerary is a closed-loop cruise because it remains in the Western Hemisphere and starts and ends from a U.S. port.

As a closed-loop cruise, you would not need a passport according to WHTI requirements. However, you would benefit by having a passport in case some countries require one.

Regardless, this shows the rich itineraries possible in a closed-loop cruise. There are many exciting cruises available that can be considered a closed loop.

What Cruise Lines Offer Closed Loop Cruises

All major cruise lines that sail from U.S. ports of call offer these types of cruises. Here’s a short list of cruises lines you can consider:

• Norwegian Cruise Line
• Carnival Cruise Lines
• Royal Caribbean
• Princess Cruises
• Celebrity Cruises
• Holland America
• Disney Cruises
• MSC Cruises

Luxury and premium cruise lines such as Silversea, Oceania, Cunard, or Regent Seven Seas also offer closed-loop cruises. However, their fleet of ships is usually limited, with fewer options for itineraries.

How To Book Your Cruise

You can book the same as you book any other cruise. Book through your local travel agent if you want to let a professional handle all the details. Just let them know you want a ‘Closed-Loop Cruise,’ and they will find what you need.

Travel agents can book your transfers, excursions, flights, and more. The cost may be slightly higher than booking yourself, but you’ll feel less stressed by leaving it to the experts.

One of our favorite sites for booking online is  VacationsToGo . They claim to be the World’s Largest Cruise Agency, but I shop there for the prices! 

When booking through their site, select a region within the Western Hemisphere and check the box for “Return to Same Port.” Also, if you have a cruise port near you, select that as your departure port to focus your search. 

Other popular online sites include Expedia.com, CruiseCritic.com, iCruise.com, and many others. You can also book through the cruise lines’ site, but they frequently have higher prices.

Final Thoughts

In my view, the worst day cruising is still better than the best day “back in the office!” However, we are lifelong cruisers, and I may be biased.

Closed loop cruises are a specific category of cruise that makes it a bit easier to cruise. There are so many potential destinations that you could do 10 or 20 closed-loop cruises that were all different.

Consider Alaska, the Caribbean, Mexican Riviera, or even a partial world cruise. All of these can be compliant with WHTI’s guidelines if booked correctly.

If you haven’t cruised before, a closed-loop cruise is a great way to get started. I hope you’ll eventually love cruising as much as we do!

Thursday 3rd of August 2023

Some of your information seems to conflict with what I read on the US Customs and Border Protection page. It's my understanding that a passport is required for sea travel on closed loop cruises that travel to South American countries.

Forever Karen

Sunday 6th of August 2023

The US Customs and Border Protection Page says "U.S. citizens on closed-loop cruises (cruises that begin and end at the same U.S. port) are able to enter the United States with a birth certificate and government-issued photo ID. Please be aware that you MAY still be required to present a passport to enter the countries your cruise ship is visiting." Emphasis on the word "May."

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What Is Considered A Closed Loop Cruise

Published: January 5, 2024

by Garnette Salgado

• Travel Guide

Introduction

A closed loop cruise, also known as a round trip cruise, is a type of cruise that departs from and returns to the same port. This means that passengers embark on the cruise at a specific port, explore various destinations, and ultimately return to the original port of departure. It offers a convenient and hassle-free way to travel and see multiple destinations without the need for additional flights or ground transportation between ports.

Closed loop cruises have become increasingly popular among vacationers for their simplicity and practicality. In this article, we will explore the definition of a closed loop cruise, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of vacation, popular destinations for closed loop cruises, the environmental impact, safety measures, and cruise line policies associated with closed loop cruises.

Whether you’re a seasoned cruiser or considering your first voyage, understanding what a closed loop cruise entails and the various aspects surrounding it can help you make informed decisions and fully enjoy your cruising experience. So, let’s dive in and explore the world of closed loop cruises!

Definition of a Closed Loop Cruise

A closed loop cruise, sometimes referred to as a round trip cruise, is a type of cruise vacation that begins and ends at the same port. Unlike open-jaw cruises, where the journey starts at one port and ends at another, closed loop cruises provide a convenient and seamless travel experience by eliminating the need for additional transportation arrangements.

When embarking on a closed loop cruise, passengers board the ship at a specific port and set sail to explore multiple destinations within a predetermined itinerary. These destinations can vary depending on the cruise line and the specific route, encompassing a range of exotic locations such as Caribbean islands, Mediterranean cities, Alaska’s rugged coastline, and more.

After visiting the various ports of call and experiencing the attractions and activities offered at each destination, the cruise ship returns to the original port of departure. This means that passengers can enjoy the excitement of exploring different places while having the peace of mind that they will ultimately return to their starting point, simplifying travel logistics.

One key benefit of a closed loop cruise is that it eliminates the need for additional air or ground transportation between ports. This can save travelers time and money, as they don’t have to book separate flights or arrange ground transportation to return to their starting point. Additionally, it provides a sense of security and stability, knowing that the ship serves as a home base throughout the journey.

Closed loop cruises are offered by numerous cruise lines and can vary in duration, ranging from a few days to several weeks. They provide an all-inclusive vacation experience, with accommodations, meals, entertainment, and onboard activities included in the cruise package.

Overall, a closed loop cruise offers a convenient and hassle-free way to explore multiple destinations without the complexity of arranging additional transportation. It provides a sense of continuity and allows passengers to fully immerse themselves in the cruise experience from the moment they step on board until they return to their original port of departure.

Advantages of Closed Loop Cruises

Closed loop cruises offer numerous advantages that make them an attractive option for travelers looking for a convenient and enjoyable vacation experience. Here are some of the key advantages of choosing a closed loop cruise:

• Convenience: One of the biggest advantages of closed loop cruises is the convenience they provide. Starting and ending your journey at the same port eliminates the need for additional flights or ground transportation between destinations. This means less time spent on logistics and more time to relax and enjoy your vacation.
• Cost Savings: By eliminating the need for additional transportation arrangements, closed loop cruises can save you money. You don’t have to purchase multiple flights or arrange ground transportation between ports, which can add up quickly. The all-inclusive nature of cruise vacations also helps you budget more effectively, as meals, accommodations, and many onboard activities are included in the package price.
• Exploring Multiple Destinations: Closed loop cruises offer the opportunity to visit multiple destinations within a single trip. Whether you’re sailing through the Caribbean, exploring the Mediterranean, or experiencing the beauty of Alaska , you can discover a variety of picturesque ports and diverse cultures without the hassle of changing accommodations or organizing transportation.
• Stress-Free Travel: With closed loop cruises, everything is taken care of for you. Once you board the ship, you can relax and enjoy the amenities and activities offered onboard. There’s no need to worry about finding transportation, planning meals, or organizing entertainment. The cruise line takes care of all the details, allowing you to simply unwind and indulge in a stress-free vacation.
• Services and Amenities: Today’s cruise ships are like floating resorts, offering a wide range of services and amenities to enhance your vacation experience. From luxurious accommodations and world-class dining options to entertainment, spa facilities, and thrilling activities, you’ll find everything you need for a memorable trip right onboard the ship.
• Flexibility and Variety: Closed loop cruises come in various durations and itineraries, allowing you to choose the one that best fits your preferences and schedule. Whether you’re looking for a short weekend getaway or an extended voyage, you can find a cruise that suits your needs. Additionally, with different ports of call, you have the opportunity to explore a variety of destinations and experiences during your trip.

These advantages make closed loop cruises an appealing option for vacationers who want a hassle-free and immersive travel experience. Whether you’re a first-time cruiser or a seasoned sea traveler, a closed loop cruise offers the perfect balance of convenience, affordability, and exploration.

Disadvantages of Closed Loop Cruises

While closed loop cruises have many advantages, it’s important to consider the potential disadvantages before embarking on your journey. Here are a few factors to keep in mind:

• Limited Destinations: Unlike open-jaw cruises that allow travelers to start and end their trip at different ports, closed loop cruises are restricted to specific itineraries that begin and end at the same port. This means that you may miss out on visiting certain destinations that are not included in the itinerary. If there’s a particular place you’ve always wanted to explore but it’s not part of the closed loop cruise you choose, you may need to consider alternative travel options.
• Potential for Crowds: Closed loop cruises are popular among vacationers, which means that the ports of call and the cruise ship itself can sometimes be crowded. During peak travel seasons, you may encounter long lines and busy attractions at each destination. If you prefer a more secluded and intimate vacation experience, a closed loop cruise may not be the best choice for you.
• Less Time in Each Destination: As closed loop cruises cover multiple destinations within a fixed amount of time, the time spent at each port of call is often limited. This can make it challenging to fully explore and immerse yourself in each destination and experience all it has to offer. If you prefer a more in-depth exploration of each location, you may need to consider alternative travel options that allow for longer stays at specific destinations.
• Sea Sickness: While modern cruise ships are equipped with stabilizers to minimize motion, some individuals may still experience sea sickness. The constant movement of the ship can cause discomfort and nausea for those who are prone to motion sickness. If you have concerns about seasickness, it’s important to take preventive measures or consider alternative vacation options.
• Cruise Ship Culture: Each cruise ship has its own unique culture and atmosphere. While the vast majority of passengers enjoy their cruise experience, it’s important to acknowledge that not every traveler may be suited to the cruise ship environment. If you prefer a more independent and spontaneous travel style, a closed loop cruise with its structured activities and scheduled dining may not align with your preferences.

It’s essential to carefully consider these potential disadvantages when deciding on a closed loop cruise. Understanding the limitations and potential challenges can help you make an informed choice and ensure that your vacation aligns with your expectations and preferences.

Popular Destinations for Closed Loop Cruises

When it comes to closed loop cruises, there are a variety of popular destinations that offer captivating experiences and breathtaking scenery. Here are some of the top destinations that attract cruise enthusiasts:

• Caribbean: The Caribbean is a perennial favorite for closed loop cruises. With its stunning turquoise waters, white sandy beaches, and vibrant culture, this region offers a treasure trove of experiences. From exploring ancient ruins in Mexico’s Mayan Riviera to snorkeling in the crystal-clear waters of the Bahamas , a Caribbean cruise promises blissful relaxation and tropical adventures.
• Alaska: For those seeking a more rugged and nature-filled expedition, an Alaskan closed loop cruise is an excellent choice. Witness towering glaciers, majestic fjords, and abundant wildlife such as bears, whales, and eagles. Glacier Bay National Park, Juneau, and Ketchikan are just a few of the captivating destinations you can explore on an Alaskan cruise.
• Mediterranean: A closed loop cruise through the Mediterranean offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and culinary delights. From the iconic cities of Barcelona and Rome to the dreamy Greek islands of Santorini and Mykonos, you’ll have the opportunity to immerse yourself in the enchanting charm of this diverse region.
• Hawaii: Known as a paradise for beach lovers, Hawaii is a captivating destination for closed loop cruises. Experience the beauty of the Hawaiian Islands, including Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and the Big Island. From the iconic Waikiki Beach to the dramatic landscapes of Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii offers a diverse range of experiences for nature enthusiasts and culture seekers alike.
• Baltic Sea: A closed loop cruise through the Baltic Sea is a journey steeped in history and charm. Explore the stunning cities of Stockholm, St. Petersburg, Copenhagen, and Tallinn, each offering a unique blend of medieval architecture, cultural heritage, and breathtaking coastal scenery.
• Bahamas: Just a short cruise away from Florida , the Bahamas is a popular destination for those looking for a quick getaway. With its pristine beaches, vibrant marine life, and exciting water sports activities, the Bahamas offer a perfect tropical escape.

These are just a few examples of the popular destinations for closed loop cruises. Other notable options include the South Pacific, the Norwegian Fjords, the Mexican Riviera, and more. Whether you prefer sun-soaked beaches, icy landscapes, cultural immersion, or a combination of it all, there is a closed loop cruise destination that will suit your vacation desires.

When choosing your closed loop cruise destination, consider the time of year, weather conditions, and specific attractions or experiences you wish to enjoy. Each destination has its own unique charm, and exploring the world through closed loop cruises allows you to experience the best of multiple destinations in a single journey.

Environmental Impact of Closed Loop Cruises

While closed loop cruises offer a convenient and enjoyable way to explore multiple destinations, it’s important to acknowledge the environmental impact that cruising can have. Here are some key considerations regarding the environmental impact of closed loop cruises:

• Carbon Footprint: Cruise ships are known for their significant carbon emissions, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The burning of fossil fuels for propulsion and onboard operations releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere.
• Waste Management: The waste generated on cruise ships can be a major environmental concern. Waste disposal, particularly of plastics, can have a negative impact on marine ecosystems. It is essential for cruise lines to have effective waste management systems in place to minimize pollution and ensure proper waste disposal.
• Air and Water Pollution: Cruise ships release exhaust emissions that contribute to air pollution, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Additionally, improper wastewater treatment and discharge can lead to water pollution, impacting marine life and ecosystems.
• Ecological Damage: Cruise ship visits to fragile ecosystems, such as coral reefs and coastal habitats, can cause damage through anchor drops, pollution, and disturbance to marine life. It is important for cruise lines to maintain sustainable practices to minimize their ecological impact.
• Energy Consumption: Cruise ships consume vast amounts of energy to power various onboard facilities, including air conditioning, lighting, and entertainment systems. Reducing energy consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy sources are important steps towards minimizing the environmental impact of closed loop cruises.

It is encouraging to note that many cruise lines have implemented initiatives to reduce their environmental footprint. These initiatives include adopting cleaner fuel technologies, implementing waste management practices, reducing single-use plastics, and investing in more energy-efficient systems and designs for new ships. Additionally, there is a growing trend among cruise lines to partner with environmental organizations and support conservation efforts.

As a responsible traveler, you can also contribute to minimizing the environmental impact of closed loop cruises. Consider practicing sustainable behaviors during your cruise, such as conserving water and energy, avoiding single-use plastics, and supporting local businesses that prioritize environmentally-friendly practices. Additionally, choose cruise lines that have strong environmental policies and commitments to sustainability.

It is important to acknowledge the environmental impact of closed loop cruises and work towards finding sustainable solutions to minimize any negative effects. By being mindful of these considerations and supporting environmentally-conscious practices, we can ensure that the beauty and resources of the destinations we visit are preserved for future generations to enjoy.

Safety Measures on Closed Loop Cruises

Ensuring the safety and well-being of passengers is a top priority for cruise lines. Closed loop cruises implement various safety measures to provide a secure and enjoyable experience for travelers. Here are some key safety measures in place:

• Emergency Drills: Before setting sail, all passengers are required to participate in mandatory emergency drills. These drills, typically known as muster drills, provide important information on safety procedures, emergency exits, life jacket usage, and evacuation protocols. It is essential to pay attention and follow the instructions provided during these drills to be prepared in the event of an actual emergency.
• Life-Saving Equipment: Closed loop cruise ships are equipped with a range of life-saving equipment, including lifeboats, life jackets, and flotation devices. Passengers are advised to familiarize themselves with the location of these items in their cabin and public areas. Cruise lines invest in regular maintenance and inspections of this equipment to ensure it is in good working condition.
• Medical Facilities: Cruise ships have onboard medical facilities staffed by qualified medical professionals who are available to provide medical care if needed. These facilities are equipped to handle a range of medical emergencies and offer basic medical treatments. It is important to disclose any pre-existing medical conditions to the cruise line prior to boarding to ensure appropriate care can be provided.
• Security Measures: Closed loop cruises have robust security measures in place to ensure the safety and security of passengers and crew. This includes screening of guests and their luggage during embarkation, surveillance cameras throughout the ship, and security personnel onboard to respond to any security concerns or incidents that may arise.
• Health and Hygiene: Cruise lines implement strict health and hygiene protocols to prevent the spread of illnesses on board. These measures include regular cleaning and disinfection of public areas and cabins, hand sanitizing stations throughout the ship, and proper food handling practices in restaurants and buffets. It is important for passengers to adhere to these protocols and practice good personal hygiene during their cruise.
• Communication and Safety Announcements: Cruise ships have a communication system in place to relay important information to passengers. This includes public address systems, in-cabin announcements, and access to safety information through the ship’s television or mobile app. Passengers are encouraged to stay informed and listen for any safety announcements or updates provided by the ship’s crew.

It is important for passengers to familiarize themselves with the safety measures and guidelines provided by the cruise line before and during their closed loop cruise. Following these guidelines and instructions, as well as being aware of your surroundings, will contribute to a safe and enjoyable vacation experience.

While cruise lines strive to provide a secure environment, it is also crucial for passengers to take personal responsibility for their safety. This includes practicing general safety precautions, such as using handrails on staircases, being mindful of wet and slippery surfaces, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption. Additionally, it is recommended to purchase travel insurance that includes medical coverage and emergency evacuation to provide additional peace of mind during your cruise.

By working together and adhering to safety protocols, passengers, crew, and cruise lines can ensure that closed loop cruises remain a safe and enjoyable way to explore the world’s most captivating destinations.

Cruise Line Policies on Closed Loop Cruises

When it comes to closed loop cruises, different cruise lines may have varying policies and guidelines in place. These policies are designed to ensure the smooth operation of the cruise and the comfort and safety of the passengers. Here are some common cruise line policies on closed loop cruises:

• Booking and Documentation: Cruise lines have specific requirements for booking closed loop cruises. This may include providing valid identification and documentation such as passports, visas, or other necessary travel documents. It is important to review the cruise line’s policies and ensure that you have all the required documents before embarking on your journey.
• Cancellation and Refunds: Each cruise line has its own policy regarding cancellations and refunds. It is essential to understand the terms and conditions outlined in the cruise line’s cancellation policy and to consider purchasing travel insurance that provides coverage for unexpected cancellations or interruptions to your trip.
• Conduct and Behavior: Cruise lines enforce certain standards of conduct and behavior to ensure a pleasant and safe environment for all passengers. This includes policies regarding alcohol consumption, dress codes for various areas of the ship, and guidelines for acceptable behavior towards fellow passengers and crew members.
• Onboard Services and Amenities: Cruise lines offer a variety of services and amenities onboard their ships. Policies may exist regarding the use of these facilities, such as fitness centers, spas, pools, and dining venues. Some amenities may require reservations or additional fees, and certain age restrictions may apply to certain activities or areas.
• Safety and Emergency Procedures: Cruise lines have specific policies and procedures in place to ensure the safety and well-being of passengers during closed loop cruises. These include guidelines for emergency drills, use of life-saving equipment, and reporting of any safety concerns or incidents. It is important for passengers to familiarize themselves with these policies and follow the instructions provided by the cruise line and ship’s crew.
• Special Needs and Disabilities: Cruise lines strive to accommodate passengers with special needs or disabilities. They may have policies and procedures in place to provide assistance and support, such as accessible cabins, accessible facilities, and trained personnel to assist passengers with mobility challenges. It is recommended to inform the cruise line in advance of any specific needs to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience.

It is crucial to thoroughly review the policies and guidelines provided by the cruise line prior to booking and embarking on a closed loop cruise. This will help you understand what to expect during your journey and ensure that you comply with any requirements or restrictions set forth by the cruise line.

Keep in mind that policies can vary between cruise lines and may be subject to change. It is always a good idea to stay updated with the latest information provided by the cruise line regarding their policies and procedures.

By familiarizing yourself with the cruise line’s policies on closed loop cruises, you can have a better understanding of what to expect during your journey and ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience onboard the ship.

Closed loop cruises offer an enticing opportunity to explore multiple destinations while enjoying the convenience and comfort of a floating resort. With the ability to embark and disembark from the same port, these cruises provide a seamless and hassle-free travel experience. We have explored the definition of a closed loop cruise, the advantages and disadvantages, popular destinations, the environmental impact, safety measures, and cruise line policies associated with this type of vacation.

While closed loop cruises provide numerous advantages such as convenience, cost savings, and the opportunity to explore multiple destinations, there are also factors to consider, such as limited destinations and potential crowds. It is important to be aware of the environmental impact of cruising and support sustainable practices to minimize any negative effects.

Cruise lines prioritize the safety and well-being of passengers, implementing various measures including emergency drills, life-saving equipment, security protocols, and medical facilities. Familiarizing yourself with these safety measures and following the guidelines provided by the cruise line can contribute to a secure and enjoyable vacation experience.

Each cruise line has its own policies and guidelines specific to closed loop cruises, including booking requirements, conduct and behavior expectations, safety procedures, and accommodations for passengers with special needs. Understanding and adhering to these policies will enhance your cruising experience and ensure a smooth journey.

In conclusion, closed loop cruises offer a unique and convenient way to explore diverse destinations without the hassle of additional transportation arrangements. By being mindful of the advantages, disadvantages, safety measures, and environmental impact associated with closed loop cruises, you can make informed choices and enjoy a memorable and fulfilling vacation experience at sea.

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What is a Closed-loop Cruise?

Have you ever had a couple of weeks to kill and a burning need to fly off to the Caribbean or Alaska on an adventure, only to learn that you either don’t have a passport or that it has expired when you get there? A “closed-loop” cruise is an option that is advantageous for those who are citizens of the United States since it does not need a passport.

It’s possible that you’ve heard the phrase “closed-loop cruise” thrown about in the context of sailing and been interested in what it means. Even though it has something to do with the locations on the calendar completing a complete circle, there is more to the tale than that.

Closed-loop cruises are those that depart from and return to the same U.S. port. Excursions of this kind may range from a round-trip from Seattle to Alaska to a cruise from Fort Lauderdale to Fort Lauderdale. These cruises need to meet a slew of criteria before being accepted.

According to maritime law, any trip on a ship that is not flagged by the United States and that begins and ends in a port in the United States is required to make at least one stop at a port located outside of the United States. Cancun is a common port of call for Western Caribbean and Alaska cruises for the same reason that Vancouver is a common stop for Alaska cruises.

The itineraries of these cruises must cover only contiguous regions of the United States in order for them to be considered closed-loop vacations. This includes Mexico and Canada both of which share land borders with the United States, as well as a number of the islands that are located in the Caribbean.

Do You Need a Passport for a Closed-loop Cruise?

A closed-loop cruise is one that does not need you to have a passport for the majority of its passengers. This is among the main reasons why people choose to go on these kinds of vacations. 

If you already have a passport or a passport card, you are free to use any one of those items as a form of identification. However, in the instance of closed-loop cruises, United States residents are permitted to depart or enter the nation so long as they provide confirmation that they are a citizen.

Things need to Verify Citizenship

An Enhanced Driver’s License, which is a state-issued driver’s license that delivers individuality evidence and U.S. nationality. A government-issued birth certificate or passport can also verify the identity of a person while traveling on a cruise. If the person is older than 16 or 16 years old, a government-issued driver’s license or picture ID defining headshot, name, and date of birth. 

If you have an Enhanced Driver’s License, you may re-enter the United States from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean and it is acceptable at land and sea border crossings but not at airports. However, you cannot use it to fly into the United States.

What Are Some of the Best Closed-loop Cruise Itineraries?

Closes loop cruises attracts many tourists to visit place to place with in the time period. Some of the best closed loop cruises are:

1. Fort Lauderdale to Bahamas, Mexico, and Grand Cayman

Take a trip to the Islands and the clear, coastal weather of the Caribbean aboard the luxurious Celebrity Edge, one of the most cutting-edge and magnificent vessels now sailing the seas. Your trip will depart from Fort Lauderdale. You will spend the day in vibrant Nassau, which is located on New Providence Island.

During this time, you will have lots of time to explore the powder-sand shorelines, scuba gear over sparkling oceans, mart for artisans in the Straw Market, or experience excitement on one of the tremendous water activities at the glitzy Atlantis Hotel.

You will arrive at Puerto Costa Maya, Mexico, after a day at sea during which you may make the most of the ship and her exquisite Resort Vista. Swimming in the tranquil waters of the pristine Bacalar Lake, where you will float over cenote-fed water which is an incredible shade of aquamarine, is just one of the many options that await you in this area.

You may also go canoeing, sail and dive trips, or even have a therapeutic treatment with a real shaman if that sounds more your speed. Chacchoben Ruins, which are located within a short distance from the port, are home to Mayan artifacts and history.

2. Seattle to Alaska, the Inside Passage, and Dawes Glacier

Enjoy seven days aboard the Celebrity Solstice discovering the untamed grandeur of Alaska’s Inside Passage. This ship is ideal for such magnificent surroundings thanks to its plenty of outdoor area and upper Lawn Lounge.

You will go to the lovely community of Ketchikan, where you will have the opportunity to go on a journey to look for foxes, attempt your hand at kayaking, go on an adventure to hunt for king crab or simply wander about the town and take in all of its vibrant sights. Following that, you will spend a whole day gently sailing the 30-mile Endicott Arm Fjord. 

You will also go to Juneau, which is a wonderful place to go whale watching, trekking, and on exhilarating flightseeing adventures over mountain ranges blanketed in snow. In Skagway, you’ll have the opportunity to ride the breathtaking White Pass and Yukon Route train, which will take you high up and over some rough peaks as it retraces the path of courageous explorers who traveled during the Gold Rush.

Before making your way back to Seattle, you will make a stop in the historically significant city of Victoria, which is located on the island of Vancouver in Canada. Here, you will have the opportunity to enjoy a delightful combination of tasteful British colonial design, hip stores, and artisanal brewpubs.

1. How do I tell if my cruise is closed-loop?

Closed-loop cruises are those that begin and conclude in the local harbor in the United States; for instance, traveling around Fort Lauderdale would qualify as an instance of a closed-loop trip.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, which mandates that cruise passengers traveling inside the Americas must be in possession of a valid passport, establishes the parameters for closed-loop cruises.

2. Can a felon go on a closed-loop cruise?

Yes, convicts are permitted to go on cruises with either a closed or open loop, depending on the kind of voyage. On the other hand, the prerequisites for going on an open-loop cruise are far more stringent than those for closed-loop cruises.

To leave and enter the United States while on a closed-loop cruise, all you need is evidence of nationality, such as your birth card. This is the case even if you are a citizen of the United States.

3. Do Carnival Cruises allow birth certificates as proof of citizenship?

The Carnival Company possesses a significant number of the most well-known cruise companies in the market at the present time. The types of documentation that are required in order to go on a trip will typically vary from cruise line to cruise line.

For instance, Carnival Cruise Line claims that the birth document doesn’t have to be certified or signed, however, Royal Caribbean Line insists that all papers, including the birth certificate, need to be original or signed and sealed. Before you set sail, you should always check in with your cruise operator.

4. Do Minors Need A Passport To Go On A Closed Loop Cruise?

In most cases, children under the age of 16 who are traveling with a parent or guardian do not require a passport; nonetheless, you must bring at least a birth document with you as evidence of nationality.

Additionally, several cruise companies mandate that children remain either in the exact same room as their parents or guardians or in a cabin that is close to their cabin.

Nevertheless, any child who is traveling solo or with an individual who isn’t their parent or guardian requires the appropriate papers demonstrating their identity and authorization to voyage by themselves. This includes authorization to go aboard a cruise ship. If there is no one in the party who is at least 21 years old, it is extremely vital to get a documented letter of agreement from the legal guardian or parent.

This consent denotes that the child has been given permission to travel alone, which may seem restrictive, but it helps prevent questions of culpability in the event that the minor is injured or is involved in an incident.

A closed-loop cruise is one of the best options for couples but anyone can enjoy it. A different cruise experience and a better traveling experience and one of the best ways to pass time.

Angel Portillo is an experienced tourism professional who has worked in the travel industry for many years. He has extensive knowledge of the different destinations that are popular among tourists, and is able to provide tips and advice on how to make the most of your visit. His passion for travel is evident in her writing, which is full of interesting and descriptive details about the different places he's visited.

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What Is A Closed-Loop Cruise And Do You Need To Pack Your Passport?

Travel by train, vehicle, or airplane has its perks, but adventurers looking for time on the waves often choose to cruise instead. Luxury and fun on the high seas continue to be something that increasingly appeals to travelers worldwide. It's projected that by 2028, the global cruise market will become an industry worth over $15 billion.

Some of this market growth can be attributed to the cruise industry's commitment to customized sailing. Travelers have more options than ever when it comes to themed cruises designed to focus on health, adventure, or family fun. Travelers can also enjoy a variety related to the type of cruise they book with ocean cruises, river cruises, and casual, and luxury experiences alike all readily available.

Over 30 million passengers globally choose to cruise each year. While the Caribbean and the Bahamas top the list of popular destinations, the Mediterranean follows closely behind, as well as Alaska, Australasia, and mainland Europe.

There are currently more than 2,000 ports worldwide for travelers to explore. However, before boarding a ship with international destinations on the itinerary, it's likely the right identification is required. The U.S. Department of State Bureau of Consular Affairs recommends all travelers departing from the U.S. have a passport book in hand.

The exception to this rule is the closed-loop cruise. Ships within this category must satisfy strict regulations to achieve closed-loop status. Once they do, it's a cruise option that can be a viable solution for those who aren't passport holders.

A route to cruising passport-free

U.S. Customs and Border Protection defines a closed-loop cruise as one that both begins and ends at the same U.S. port. As long as these cruises return to the place they started, they can cruise to destinations such as islands and territories that are within proximity to the continental United States. These destinations often include Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and the Caribbean.

There are some real advantages for travelers booking a closed-loop cruise. Because these cruises start and end at the same port, those flying in to board their ship can easily book round-trip flights. Passengers driving in will find that options to park directly at the point of departure can make the trip that much more convenient.

Additionally, U.S. travelers on closed-loop cruises won't typically have to worry about having a passport to enjoy the experience. Instead, U.S. Customs and Border Protection allows U.S. citizens 16 and older to enter and leave the country using alternative proof of citizenship. Approved forms of identification include a birth certificate or a government-issued photo ID, with additional documentation requirements in place for travelers 16 and under.

Closed-loop cruise considerations to keep in mind

Exploring Alaska, Mexico, Grand Cayman, the Caribbean , or the Bahamas on a closed-loop cruise can be thrilling. It can also be a convenient option when passport-free travel is a priority. That said, there are always important exceptions to consider when it comes to passport requirements and a closed-loop cruise is no different.

A prime example would be if a closed-loop cruise stops at a port of entry on the island of Martinique. This destination requires all U.S. citizens to hold a valid passport to enter the country. Passengers without a passport would be required to stay onboard the ship at this point in the cruise which could put a damper on the fun if it's something unexpected.

Another consideration to keep in mind is that it is cruise line policy to depart on time at all times. Passengers who don't keep track of the ship schedule while exploring ports of call face the real possibility of being left behind. When this happens, passengers are responsible for flying themselves home or to the next port of call. Unlike closed-loop cruises, airlines do require passports for international travel, which can prove to be a difficult scenario for those cruising without this form of identification.

For those without a passport, a closed-loop cruise can be a great option. Simply make sure to double-check your itinerary and the U.S. Department of State website before departure. This will ensure setting sail is as stress-free as it should be.

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What is a Closed Loop Cruise?

The process of going on a cruise brings along with it a wide variety of different implications that many people don’t think about. When you go on a cruise, you are typically doing so through various types of international waters worldwide. As a result, the United States Customs and Border Patrol will treat the voyage the same way you would if you traveled internationally by plane, for example – and you will have to go through the same process.

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What is a Closed-Loop Cruise?

A very specific type of cruise, however, is a “closed-loop voyage.” It has several benefits that frequent travelers and cruise fans want to know about. As the name suggests, a closed-loop voyage or cruise begins and ends in the United States. As a result, the process is much more straightforward if you are traveling internationally via cruise ship and are staying in one place for a long period.

Closed Loop Cruise Orginates and Ends in the US

The official definition of a closed-loop voyage originates and ends in the United States. However, it can visit contiguous territories or islands that are adjacent to the continental US at any time.

However, it’s important to note that for a cruise to be “closed-loop,” it must begin and end in the same port. Leaving the East Coast and returning to the West would not meet those requirements.

Related: Do You Need a Passport to Go to Mexico? [2023]

Do You Need a Passport for a Closed Loop Cruise?

Are you planning a closed-loop cruise and wondering whether or not you need a passport? The answer to that depends on a few factors. Generally, you do not need a passport if you are a US citizen and the cruise departs and returns to the same US port.

However, if the cruise stops at foreign ports, you may need a passport to enter those countries. Additionally, some cruise lines may require a passport as a form of identification for boarding, even if it is not technically needed for the itinerary. It’s always best to check with your cruise line and the countries you visit to confirm their passport requirements.

Contiguous Territories: What is the Contiguous Rule?

To understand the significance of closed-loop voyages. You must first understand exactly what contiguous territories and adjacent islands are. There is a special rule called the contiguous territory exception that applies to travel between the U.S., Canada, or Mexico.

This allows individuals to enter and exit the U.S. without needing to get a new visa stamp. These countries share a physical land boundary with the United States – in the case of the US, the two contiguous territories would be Mexico to the south and Canada to the north.

What are the Adjacent Islands to the United States?

The definition of adjacent islands is much broader and features various locations. Adjacent islands include the British Virgin Islands, Cuba, the Cayman Islands , Haiti, Trinidad, Tobago , Jamaica , Miquelon,  and more.

Any islands that border the Caribbean Sea are called adjacent islands by the US Customs and Border Patrol.

Do Closed Loop Voyages Impact Electronic Travel Authorization?

Electronic Travel Authorization , also called ESTA, is a process that a person must go through to make sure that they are eligible to travel to their destination under the Visa Waiver Program in the United States.

The authorization does not determine who enters the US. Instead, it determines whether a person can travel from the U.S. through various means to their destination of choice.

One of the major benefits of closed-loop voyages is that the US Customs and Border Patrol has determined that. So, as long as the cruise in question meets all of the requirements and definitions of a closed-loop, Electronic Travel Authorization is not necessary for any passenger on board.

A large part of this decision came about due to the fact that these cruises begin and end in the continental US.

Related Read: Do You Need a Passport for a Cruise?

In conclusion, a closed-loop cruise provides a fantastic opportunity to explore the Caribbean or other areas near U.S. shores without dealing with visas and passports. There are so many unique places to discover and experience when stepping on board a closed-loop cruise vessel.

With so many options available, there’s something for everyone onboard these unique vessels. There is no better way to experience cruising than aboard a closed-loop cruise.

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Places to Cruise Without a Passport

By Carnival Cruise Line

The Bahamas

New England and Canada

• The Caribbean

Baja, Mexico

As luck would have it, you’ve suddenly got a few open days in your schedule and a yearning to travel somewhere exotic. Don’t let your lack of a passport stop you. Consider a cruise . If you take closed loop cruises (meaning your trip begins and ends at a U.S. port), you can sail to a variety of dreamy destinations as a U.S. citizen without a passport.

For “closed-loop” cruises, U.S. citizens will need to provide:

• A boarding pass
• A government photo I.D. if 16 years of age or older
• And a certified birth certificate or certificate of U.S. naturalization

Starting and ending in Seattle or San Francisco, an Alaskan cruise takes you to charming waterfront cities and villages like Juneau, Skagway and Ketchikan. In Alaska, also known as the Land of the Midnight Sun, you can see spectacular, icy glaciers by boat or seaplane, watch for whales and try your hand at dog sledding.

A stop in Victoria, British Columbia offers a whole new set of adventures. Visit castles, take a ride on a horse-drawn trolley, stroll through beautiful Butchart Gardens or get your fill of shopping and dining downtown. When you arrive back in Seattle or San Francisco, take time to explore those cities for even more vacation fun.

You can cruise to The Bahamas from a number of U.S. ports along the Atlantic Coast. Located just southeast of Miami in the Atlantic Ocean, The Bahamas offers an ideal island getaway. With soft-sand beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and pastel-colored British colonial architecture , the Bahamian capital of Nassau makes a popular port of call for cruisers. In Freeport , you can shop till you drop at the Port Lucaya Marketplace or kayak through the mangroves at Lucayan National Park. At the south end of the island of Eleuthera, Princess Cays offers island resort living at its finest.

If you’re looking for cruises that don’t require a passport, take a round trip sail to Bermuda from New York City , Baltimore , Charleston or one of two Florida ports of call. As Britain’s oldest colony, Bermuda offers wonderful historic attractions and plenty of opportunities for fun in the sun. Pink-sand beaches, beautiful blue waters and colorful coral reefs deliver the perfect recipe for sunning, swimming, sailing and snorkeling. Cap off a day of adventure in Bermuda with a sunset rum-tasting cruise .

If you’re looking for a different kind of cruise, explore parts of New England and Canada with New York City as an exciting starting and ending point. Spend a day soaking up history in Boston, Massachusetts, and tour the Charles River aboard an amphibious duck vehicle. Experience lighthouses, lobster bakes and craggy sea cliffs in Portland, Maine, and enjoy a trip to Saint John, a beautiful city on the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick, Canada. A stop in the charming fishing village of Halifax, Nova Scotia offers beautiful gardens, more delicious seafood and double-decker bus tours . After you pull into port in the Big Apple, make sure to see a Broadway show, visit the Empire State Building and take a stroll through Central Park.

The Caribbean  

The Caribbean makes a popular destination for travelers considering a tropical cruise. For an easy round trip, you can begin and end in a number of U.S. cities including New York City, Galveston , Mobile , New Orleans and Tampa .

Western Caribbean locales in Mexico like Yucatán and Cozumel deliver exciting attractions, from ancient Mayan ruins to flamingo lagoons, and activities like swimming with dolphins, dune buggy rides, sailing, snorkeling, diving and zip lining.

In the Eastern Caribbean, find dream destinations like Amber Cove in the Dominican Republic and Grand Turk in the Turks and Caicos archipelago. In Amber Cove, you can tour the Dominican outback, soak up the sun on Coconut Cove Beach, or ride the Waterfalls of Rio de Damajagua . On Grand Turk, enjoy swimming with stingrays, riding horses along the coast, or touring the island by ATV. The opportunities for adventure on a Caribbean cruise are endless.

When it comes to domestic cruises, nothing beats a trip to Hawaii . Explore beautiful spots spread across Maui , Kauai and the Big Island, and drink in the natural beauty only Hawaii delivers. On this exciting trip, you can deep sea fish for marlin, explore forest caves and waterfalls, soak up the sun on a black-sand beach and attend a traditional luau. U.S. departure ports for enjoyable Hawaiian cruises include San Francisco , San Diego , Long Beach and Honolulu .

Depart from the Californian cities of San Francisco, San Diego or Long Beach for a quick but memorable cruise to the Baja Peninsula in northern Mexico . Along the way, stop by Catalina Island for a day packed full of outdoor enjoyment . Kayak in and out of secret coves, zip line through the trees or try parasailing. In Ensenada , the “Cinderella of the Pacific,” you can ride horses along mountain trails, tour the wine country, shop for souvenirs and taste the local tequila.

When traveling outside of the U.S. a passport is always recommended, but cruises are the exception to the rule. As long as you book a closed loop cruise, you can travel to certain destinations without a passport. Because international cruises in Europe and Asia require air travel, these vacations also demand a passport. When embarking on adventures by sea that don’t require a passport, make sure you have the proper cruise documentation.

Note: Onboard activities, shore excursions, and dining options may vary by  ship  and destination.

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Disney Cruise in a Jiffy: What is a Closed Loop Cruise?

Welcome to a new series at Touring Plans, Disney Cruise in a Jiffy. An offshoot of our “ Disney in a Minute ” posts, In a Jiffy will be bite-sized nuggets of information that can better help you understand a Disney term or planning topic, but here we’ll be focused on all thing Disney Cruise Line (DCL). Enjoy!

A “Closed Loop” cruise is simply one that starts and ends at the same port. If the ship boards passengers at Port Canaveral, Florida, and then later disembarks those same passengers at Port Canaveral, then that’s a Closed Loop cruise.

The opposite of Closed Loop is Repositioning. A Repositioning Cruise is one that starts and ends at different ports. A classic Repositioning Cruise is an oceanic crossings, for example one that boards passengers at Southampton, England, and then disembarks those same passengers at Port Canaveral. Not all Repositioning Cruises include a dramatic distance. You might find a sailing that embarks guests at Port Canaveral and disembarks those guests at relatively nearby San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Why do you care if you’re on a Closed Loop or Repositioning Cruise? Two reason: transportation and documentation. The rules for required ID documents may vary depending on what type of sailing you’re on. And if you’re starting and stopping in different places, you’ll have to arrange your home-to-port transportation in a way that accounts for that variation.

Note that Closed Loop and Repositioning are terms that are also used by the cruise industry at large. They’ll help you understand terminology on whichever cruise line you choose to sail.

Have a question about a Disney Cruise Line term that is unfamiliar to you? Suggest it here for an upcoming Pier Review segment.

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Erin Foster

Erin Foster is an original member of the Walt Disney World Moms Panel (now PlanDisney), a regular contributor to TouringPlans.com, and co-author of The Unofficial Guide to Disney Cruise Line. She's been to WDW, DL, DL Paris, Hong Kong Disneyland, Aulani, DVC Vero Beach, and DVC Hilton Head. She's a Platinum DCL cruiser and veteran of 10 Adventures by Disney trips. Erin lives near New York City, where she can often be found indulging in her other obsession - Broadway theater.

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• Five Things
• What is a closed-loop cruise

When searching for information about your next summer vacation , you may have encountered the concept of closed-loop cruising . And although its definition may seem rather obvious, some nuances may be very interesting for you, especially if you are planning your next vacation on short notice.

A closed-loop cruise is exactly what it sounds like: a boat trip aboard a cruise ship that starts and ends at the same point . You may stop at different destinations, even in other countries, but your cruise entry and exit will be at the same place.

This can have advantages and disadvantages depending on the person you are looking for and your conditions. Today we will tell you the defects and virtues of this cruise and why you need the right information regarding documentation .

What does it mean for travel documentation to do a closed-loop cruise?

Advantages and disadvantages of closed circuit cruises.

One of the main reasons why many people are interested in closed-loop cruises is that these types of trips make preparing travel documentation much easier . And this is basically because if the closed-loop trip departs and returns from a U.S. port, it is unnecessary to carry a passport as if it were an international trip, even though it is.

Sometimes, a person may want to take a trip to see other countries and places, but the passport and documentation to get in and out of many countries take a long time , and it is impossible to plan an impromptu trip. Thus, an American can take a closed-loop cruise simply by carrying his or her identification and even his or her driver's license .

We will put an example into practice so that you understand it well. If you are a person with small children, and you are planning a family trip with little time in advance, trying to get to know other places in the world, with this type of cruise, you can do it without too many complications.

There is a cruise to get to know the entire Caribbean from the Disney cruise company that departs and returns from the Port of Canaveral in Florida . Since the departure and arrival are from the United States, your whole family could travel simply with their American ID without having to deal with any paperwork .

But of course, there are some exceptions to be aware of if you are determined to go on one of these cruises. First, a closed-circuit cruise is only considered when the departure and arrival are in the same port in the United States . If a cruise ship leaves Florida but returns to San Diego, for example, even though both are part of the United States, it would not count as a closed circuit.

Therefore the entire documentation issue would be different. And in addition, there are places that, regardless of whether or not they are part of a closed circuit cruise, will require a visa or special permission or the use of a passport to enter. One of those places is the Martinique , which requires a visa on some U.S. circuits to get off the ship.

It is clear that not having to think about the passport or the documentation to be able to travel outside the United States is an advantage. For all those people who never know when they will have their vacations and must plan them in record time, this can also mean the possibility of taking an exotic trip .

Another advantage, in this sense, is that you do not have to spend much time thinking about how to get home from the chosen destination because the return will be the same as the arrival .

But it's not all pretty, and many people don't like closed-circuit cruises. This is because some take advantage of the departure and arrival of different places to learn a little more about other sites in the United States . And they even make a one-way trip to other areas, such as Mexico, and then return to another means of transport so that their journey is longer and takes them to other more interesting places.

It is evident that variety is the spice and that there is no objective answer as to whether or not a closed-circuit cruise is worthwhile. There will be some who will consider it perfect: you can get to know other places outside the country, you don't have to do paperwork , and the whole path is organized by the boat because at the end you get back to the same place where you started.

Others, however, will prefer other types of cruises, but what is important is that you make sure that you can travel on one of these cruises if you do not have an updated passport  and that you will not have any problems when enjoying the holidays.

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Here's When You Need (and Don't Need) a Passport to Cruise

T o determine whether or not you need a passport to cruise, you first need to figure out if the itinerary is closed-loop or open-loop (also known as open-jaw).

Closed-loop cruise: A closed-loop cruise typically doesn't require a passport since it begins and ends in the same U.S. port (though there are some exceptions to this rule).

Example: Royal Caribbean International 's seven-night Western Caribbean & Perfect Day cruise stops in several countries – the Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti and Grand Cayman – but the itinerary is considered closed-loop because it starts and ends in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Open-loop cruise: An open-loop cruise begins in one U.S. port and ends in a different U.S. port.

Example: Carnival Cruise Line 's 16-day Panama Canal from Seattle itinerary is not considered closed-loop because it departs from Seattle and completes its journey in New Orleans.

All of the above regulations have been determined by the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative: a plan by the departments of State and Homeland Security that determines which documents are acceptable for proving identity and citizenship when entering the United States.

Where to cruise without a passport

There are several destinations where you can cruise without a passport on a closed-loop sailing. They include the following:

• The Bahamas

When looking at cruises to these locations, be mindful of the home ports. The Bahamas, Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean and Canada are all foreign ports, which means they only qualify for the passport exception if they are a stop along your cruise itinerary . If the cruise originates in any of these countries, it is likely you will need a passport.

Since Alaska, Hawaii and New England are all U.S. destinations, any closed-loop routes departing from these locations will not require a passport. However, keep in mind that it can be hard to find closed-loop cruises originating in Hawaii or Alaska.

To find closed-loop itineraries for a Hawaiian voyage or Alaskan cruise , try searching for sailings departing from major cities on the West Coast, like Seattle or Los Angeles . By contrast, quite a few closed-loop cruises leave from New England ports, but they are often marketed as Canadian cruises.

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When you need a passport for closed-loop cruises

Some cruise itineraries include foreign ports that require a passport for disembarkation. This is most commonly an issue for travelers on a closed-loop Caribbean cruise. Barbados , Guadeloupe , Haiti, Martinique , St. Barts , and Trinidad and Tobago all require U.S. citizens to present a valid passport to disembark and enter the country, despite WHTI regulations not requiring a passport for these destinations. Labadee, Royal Caribbean's private island , is an exception and does not require a passport despite its location in Haiti.

If your itinerary includes a country requiring a U.S. passport, your cruise line will require you to have the passport at check-in. Note that your passport must not expire within six months of your arrival in a foreign country or else it won't be considered valid for international travel.

Read: The Easiest Way to Renew Your Passport

Acceptable forms of ID

All travelers – U.S. citizens and foreign nationals alike – must present documents that show identity and citizenship when entering the United States. A U.S. passport can show both. If you don't have one or don't want to bring one, be aware that you may need to present more than one document.

U.S. citizens 16 and older

If you're a U.S. citizen age 16 or older sailing on a closed-loop cruise without your passport, you will need a government-issued photo ID like a driver's license. In addition, you must present a document that proves your U.S. citizenship. These include:

• Passport card
• State-issued enhanced driver's license (EDL)
• Government-issued birth certificate
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
• American Indian Card (Form I-872) or Enhanced Tribal ID Card

The Trusted Traveler Programs are risk-based programs to facilitate the entry of travelers who have been vetted and preapproved. Most of these programs will provide you with a machine-readable card that allows you to pass through border checkpoints quickly. Keep in mind, some of these IDs are only available to travelers 16 and older.

Read: TSA Precheck vs. Global Entry

U.S. citizens younger than 16

U.S. citizens younger than 16 are only required to present proof of citizenship, such as one of the following documents:

• Original, notarized or certified copy of their government-issued birth certificate
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by U.S. Department of State
• Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Read: How to Get a Passport for Kids

Non-U.S. citizens

If you are a lawful permanent resident (or LPR) of the United States, you are required to present a permanent resident card or other valid evidence of permanent residence status.

Non-U.S. citizens, with the exception of Canadians and Mexicans, are not subject to passport exceptions, so a valid passport will need to be provided. Canadian citizens can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver's License or Trusted Traveler Program card. Mexican citizens must present a passport with a visa or a Border Crossing Card.

Unacceptable forms of ID

While most common forms of identification are accepted, there are a few exceptions. U.S. military identification cards and U.S. Merchant Mariner documents are valid forms of identification, but only when traveling on official orders or in conjunction with official maritime business, so it is unlikely they will be accepted when traveling on a cruise.

Here are some other documents that will not be accepted as proof of citizenship:

• Voter registration cards
• Social Security cards
• Baptismal papers
• Hospital certificates of birth (for anyone older than a newborn)

It is important to note that many of the permitted forms of identification, such as a passport card or EDL, are only accepted at land and sea border crossings. Unforeseen circumstances, such as a medical air evacuation, may cause you to return to the U.S. by air travel. In this case, these documents won't be accepted when you try to reenter at the border crossing.

To avoid extra delays in your return to the U.S. following unforeseen travel complications, the Department of State recommends that everyone taking a cruise from the United States carry a valid passport book in case of emergency.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Erin Vasta has traveled extensively to international destinations, gaining a deep knowledge of travel regulations in the process. Her expertise in this area has saved her family and friends from unnecessary travel delays and ensured stress-free trips through border security in nearly 15 countries. To write this article, Vasta used her international travel experience and research skills.

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Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative

What is the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI)?

WHTI is the joint Department of State (DOS) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) plan to implement a key 9/11 Commission recommendation and the statutory mandates of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA). IRTPA, in part, required the DHS and DOS to develop and implement a plan to require all travelers, U.S. citizens and foreign nationals alike, to present a passport or other acceptable document that denotes identity and citizenship when entering the United States.

What is the goal of requiring secure documents?

The goal is to strengthen border security while facilitating entry into the United States for U.S. citizens and legitimate international travelers, making the process more efficient and convenient.

What types of documents are accepted for entry into the United States via air?

• U.S. citizens can present a valid: U.S. Passport; Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST); U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders; U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling in conjunction with official maritime business. Note that children are also required to present their own passport when traveling by air. (note: The Indian/tribal card can NOT be used for air travel).
• Requirements for lawful permanent residents of the United States are not changed by the implementation of WHTI. Lawful permanent residents must continue to present a valid Permanent Resident Card. A passport is not required.

What types of documents are accepted for entry into the United States via land and sea?

• U.S. citizens can present a valid: U.S. Passport; Passport Card; Enhanced Driver’s License; Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST); U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders; U.S. Merchant Mariner document when traveling in conjunction with official maritime business; or Form I-872 American Indian Card, or (when available) Enhanced Tribal Card.
• U.S. and Canadian citizen children under the age of 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious group, or other youth group) need only present a birth certificate or other proof of citizenship. The birth certificate can be original, photocopy, or certified copy.
• WHTI does not affect U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents, who are still required to present their permanent resident card (Form I-551) or other valid evidence of permanent residence status.
• Canadian citizens can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver’s License, or Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST).
• Bermudian citizens are required to present a valid passport.
• Mexican citizens, including children, are required to present a passport with visa, or a Border Crossing Card.
• U.S. citizens on closed-loop cruises (cruises that begin and end at the same U.S. port) are able to enter the United States with a birth certificate and government-issued photo ID. Please be aware that you may still be required to present a passport to enter the countries your cruise ship is visiting. Check with your cruise line to ensure you have the appropriate documents.

What is an enhanced driver’s license?

State-issued enhanced drivers licenses (EDLs) provide proof of identity and U.S. citizenship, are issued in a secure process, and include technology that makes travel easier. They provide travelers with a low-cost, convenient alternative for entering the United States from Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean through a land or sea port of entry, in addition to serving as a permit to drive.

The Department has been working with states to enhance their driver’s licenses and identification documents to comply with travel rules under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), effective June 1, 2009.

How do I get a passport?

United States citizens can visit the State Department’s travel website or call the U.S. National Passport Information Center at (877) 4USA-PPT; TDD/TTY: (888) 874-7793.

What if I don’t have the required documents when I travel to or return to the United States?

Travelers without WHTI-compliant documents are likely to be delayed at the border as CBP officers work to verify identity and citizenship.

Passports for Closed Loop Cruise

by ML (Eden Prairie, MN )

Return to Passports for Cruises.

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