cdc travel costa rica clinician

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• Section 1 - Perspectives : Why Guidelines Differ

Disease Patterns in Travelers

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Allison Walker, Regina LaRocque

Travelers are an important population because of their mobility, their potential for exposure to infectious diseases outside their home country, and the possibility that they could bring those diseases from one country to another. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the most recent example of the role travelers can play in the global spread of infectious diseases. Ebola virus, Zika virus, and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens are other examples of health threats whose geographic distribution has been facilitated by international travelers over the past several years. Travelers consequently should be included in general and targeted epidemiologic surveillance—including the use of molecular genomic approaches—to better understand both the exposure risk and impact of current and novel prevention recommendations.

The ability to provide appropriate pretravel guidance—and, when necessary, optimal posttravel evaluation and treatment—is predicated on understanding the epidemiologic features (disease patterns) among different traveling populations. Accounting for behaviors that can influence and potentially increase risk for travel-associated infections and diseases (e.g., attendance at a mass gathering, long-term or adventure travel, visiting friends and family) helps the astute clinician make directed travel health recommendations and focus their attention on the more likely diagnoses from among the lengthy list of travel-associated infections and diseases. An understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases themselves, including modes of transmission, incubation periods, signs and symptoms, duration of infectiousness, and accuracy of diagnostic testing, is also crucial. Including international travelers in epidemiologic surveillance provides additional information about the presence, frequency, seasonality, and geographic distribution of diseases, which might shift over time due to outbreaks, changes in climate and vector habitat, emergence or reemergence in new areas or populations, successful public health interventions, or other factors.

The risk for travel-related infection can, however, be difficult to ascertain precisely for several reasons. Existing information regarding disease risk for travelers is limited because of the difficulty in obtaining accurate numerators (i.e., number of cases of infection among travelers) and denominators (i.e., number of overall travelers or number of travelers to a specific destination who are susceptible to infection). In cases of mild illness, travelers might never seek health care, or clinicians might not perform diagnostic tests to identify the cause. Travelers often visit multiple destinations, complicating identification of the location of exposure. Data on disease incidence in local populations might be available, but the relevance of such data to travelers—who have different risk behaviors, eating habits, accommodations, knowledge of and access to preventive measures, and activities—might be limited. In addition, epidemiologic investigations involving travelers use various methodologic designs, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, making findings difficult to compare or combine. Many single-clinic or single-destination investigations draw conclusions that might not be generalizable to travelers from different local, national, or cultural backgrounds.

Two existing networks provide epidemiologic data on international travelers from the United States and acquisition of travel-related illness. The GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network is a worldwide data collection and communication network composed of International Society of Travel Medicine–associated travel and tropical medicine clinics that collect posttravel illness surveillance data. GeoSentinel scientists analyze these data to describe travel-related illness in specific populations of travelers.

Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) is a consortium of health clinics across the United States that deliver pretravel health consultations. Data from GTEN provide a snapshot of travelers seeking pretravel health care, and longitudinal cohort data on risk for and acquisition of travel-associated conditions, including for a subset of travelers who self-collect biological samples for microbiologic and genomic testing.

These travel medicine networks, and travel medicine researchers, increasingly are implementing next-generation sequencing tools to delineate the epidemiology of travel-associated infections and the role of travelers in the global spread of infectious diseases. Advances in the field of genomic sequencing enable high-resolution surveillance that can identify previously unrecognized geographic and epidemiologic associations. These molecular tools are becoming essential to understanding the spread of disease, the emergence of new pathogens or variants of existing ones, and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Combining these molecular techniques with traditional surveillance, epidemiologic approaches, and community-based participatory research represents a promising approach to expanding the evidence base underpinning the guidance and recommendations in the field of travel medicine. A broader evidence base will enable better-informed pretravel preparation for the individual traveler, and development of new approaches to mitigating the impact of travel on the global spread of disease.

HealthMap uses online informal sources and real-time surveillance to provide information on emerging public health threats for diverse audiences.

Bibliography

Gardy JL, Loman NJ. Towards a genomics- informed, real-time, global pathogen surveillance system. Nat Rev Genet. 2018;19(1):9– 20.

LaRocque RC, Rao SR, Lee J, Ansdell V, Yates JA, Schwartz BS, et al. Global TravEpiNet: a national consortium of clinics providing care to international travelers—analysis of demographic characteristics, travel destinations, and pretravel healthcare of high- risk US interna-tional travelers, 2009– 2011. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(4):455– 62.

Sotir M, Freedman D. Basic epidemiology of infectious diseases, including surveillance and reporting. In: Zuckerman J, Brunette G, Leggat P, editors. Essential Travel Medicine. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons; 2015:1– 7.

Walz EJ, Wanduragala D, Adedimeji AA, Volkman HR, Gaines J, Angelo KM, Boumi AE, et al. Community-based participatory research in travel medicine to identify barriers to preventing malaria in VFR travellers. J Trav Med. 2019;26(1):tay148.

Wilder- Smith A, Boggild AK. Sentinel surveillance in travel medicine: 20 years of GeoSentinel publications (1999– 2018). J Trav Med. 2018;25(1):tay139.

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Costa Rica travel advice

Latest updates: Health – editorial update

Last updated: March 25, 2024 11:47 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, costa rica - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in Costa Rica due to crime.

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Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, occurs frequently. Tourists are common targets for theft because they are perceived as being wealthy.

Crime against property, such as house burglary, theft from cars, and vehicle theft, is frequent. Passport theft is also extremely common and increases in frequency during the peak tourist seasons, from November to May and from July to August.

Thieves often work in teams, in which one thief diverts the victims’ attention while the other snatches their possessions. Thefts commonly occur: 

• in popular tourist areas, including viewpoints
• on buses, on trains, in bus and train stations as well as in airports terminals
• in hotel lobbies
• at restaurants, including on patios located near streets

While you’re in Costa Rica:

• ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• carry your passport, including the Costa Rican entry stamp received at the immigration entry point
• avoid showing signs of affluence or wearing expensive jewellery
• avoid carrying large sums of cash or unnecessary valuables
• avoid isolated or deserted areas
• avoid walking alone at night
• be aware of your surroundings, particularly in crowded and tourist areas
• be extra cautious when withdrawing cash from ATMs
• San José

In San José, high-risk areas for theft include:

• the Coca-Cola bus terminal area, located between El Paso de la Vaca, Calle 12 and the Coca-Cola market
• the inner downtown area, located between the San Juan de Dios Hospital, the National Museum, Avenida 1 and Avenida 14
• the Mercado central areas
• public parks

Pacific Coast

In Puntarenas province, the following areas are of particular concern for theft:

• Jacó, including the crocodile viewing area along the Tárcoles River
• Manuel Antonio national park
• Cóbano area, including the small seaside towns of Mal País, Montezuma and Santa Teresa, as well as the port of Puntarenas

Caribbean Coast

On the Caribbean coast, the following areas are of particular concern for theft:

• Puerto Limón 
• Puerto Viejo

Residential break-ins

Residential break-ins occur. Burglars may target rental accommodations or houses and apartments owned by foreigners.

• Choose well-secured accommodation
• Make sure you lock doors and windows at night and when you’re away

Car break-ins and theft are very common throughout the country. Rental and luxury vehicles are a target of choice. Theft commonly occurs: 

• supermarkets
• restaurants
• national parks

If driving in Costa Rica:

• familiarize yourself with your route before starting the trip
• keep your windows and doors locked at all times
• keep your belongings out of reach
• use secure parking facilities, especially overnight
• never leave belongings unattended in a vehicle, even locked or out of sight in the trunk
• don’t stop to change a flat tire in an isolated area, and beware of strangers offering their help
• ensure emergency assistance and car insurance are offered by the rental agency when renting a car

Violent crime

Violent crime, including murders and armed robberies, occurs. Drug trafficking is common, and most incidents are drug-related.  The most affected provinces are:

• Limón

Although not frequent, violent assaults against travellers have occurred on the Caribbean coast in:

• Puerto Limón

If you are threatened, hand over your cash and valuables immediately without resistance.

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Be cautious when using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with irregular or unusual features
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

Spiked food and drinks

Snacks, beverages, gum and cigarettes may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

• Be wary of accepting these items from new acquaintances
• Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers

Unregulated alcohol

Some people died after consuming adulterated alcohol in Costa Rica during the summer of 2019. Further incidents occurred in October 2020.

• Be cautious if you choose to drink alcohol
• Be wary of lesser-known or illegal brands
• Avoid buying alcohol from individuals
• Seek medical assistance if you begin to feel sick

Alcohol, drugs and travel

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse. Incidents of sexual assault against foreigners at beach resorts and by taxi drivers in San José have occurred.

Advice for women travellers

Demonstrations

Demonstrations take place from time to time, particularly in San José. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

Costa Rican law prohibits political activity by foreigners. Participating in demonstrations or activities may result in you being detained and/or deported.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Water activities

Coastal waters can be dangerous. Riptides are common. Several drownings occur each year.

Very few beaches are supervised by lifeguards.  There are no warning signs of dangerous conditions.

• Exercise caution when swimming
• Don’t swim alone, after hours or outside marked areas
• Consult residents and tour operators for information on possible hazards and safe swimming areas
• Monitor weather warnings

Useful links

• Tips for travellers - Costa Rica Tourist Board
• Water safety abroad

Adventure tourism

Outdoor activities, such as white-water rafting, scuba diving, bungee jumping, canopy touring and other adventure sports can be dangerous if unprepared. Trails are rarely marked, and weather conditions can change rapidly, even in summer.

Safety features on small boats used in river and lake excursions are not always reliable.

Life-threatening fauna such as jaguars, pumas, wild pigs and poisonous snakes are common in the densely wooded areas.

If you intend to practice adventure tourism:

• never do so alone, and don’t part with your expedition companions
• obtain detailed information on your activity and on the environment in which you will be before setting out
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• avoid venturing off marked trails
• don’t camp or sleep overnight on beaches
• ensure that you’re adequately equipped and bring sufficient water
• stay informed of weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• know the symptoms of acute altitude sickness, which can be fatal
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary
• refrain from using facilities or equipment if you have doubts on their safety

National parks

You must obtain a permit to access national parks.

Nation Parks – Costa Rica Tourist Board

Road safety

Road conditions and road safety are generally poor throughout the country. Costa Rica has one of the highest traffic accident rates in the world.

Road conditions

Most roads are not paved and those paved are generally in poor condition. Driving conditions may be hazardous, especially during the rainy season, due to:

• sharp curves
• lack of traffic signs
• narrow or unpaved roads

Driving habits

Drivers don’t respect traffic laws. Motorists often drive without lights at night.

While driving:

• remain vigilant when stopped at lights or stop signs
• keep doors locked and windows closed at all times
• keep your valuables out of plain sight
• avoid travel at night

Public transportation

Public bus transportation is unreliable. Schedules and routes may not be accurate. Vehicles are often late due to traffic and road conditions. Itineraries may also vary from the ones originally announced.

Pickpockets often target tourists in public buses.

If travelling by public bus:

• keep your ID and valuables with you
• avoid placing your bags in the overhead compartment or under your seat
• avoid sleeping

Police checks of passengers on public transportation also occur. Officers often use those checks to determine if foreigners have overstayed the 90-day visa exemption period.

Always carry your proof of legal stay on your person.

Official taxis are safe. They are orange at the airport and red with a yellow triangle on the side elsewhere in the country.

• Use official taxis only booked ahead of time
• Never board taxis at taxi stands or flag taxis in the street
• Note the driver’s name and plate number
• Make sure the driver uses the meter
• Never use shared taxis

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Costa Rican authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for the duration of your stay.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 180 days Business visa: required Student visa: required

Length of stay

The immigration officer will determine the permitted length of your stay when you enter Costa Rica. As a tourist, you may be granted a stay up to 180 days.

If you intend to stay for more than 180 days, you must obtain a residency status from the Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería.

You may face deportation if you overstay the authorized 180-day period. Persons deported from Costa Rica will not be allowed to re-enter the country for 5 to 10 years.

• Immigration department – Costa Rica government (in Spanish)

Other entry requirements

Customs officials will ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay.

Minors with dual citizenship

Costa Rica strictly enforces requirements for the departure of minors with dual citizenship.

The Canadian passport of a dual citizen child must have a Costa Rican departure approval delivered by the immigration authorities. The granted permission may be temporary or permanent and will be recorded in the Costa Rican immigration electronic system.

The approval must be requested jointly by both parents, prior to departure, to either of the following authorities:

• Costa Rica’s immigration department
• the Embassy of Costa Rica in Canada

Several cases of departure denials have occurred due to the lack of proper documentation.

Minors with dual citizenship who are travelling unaccompanied must also have legally certified written consent from both parents.

Useful Links

Children and travel.

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• Zika virus: Advice for travellers - 31 August, 2023
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024
• Dengue: Advice for travellers - 25 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country. 
• Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required if you are coming from a country   where yellow fever occurs , excluding Argentina and Panama, or if you are coming from Tanzania or Zambia.
• Vaccination is not recommended.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care provider.
• Contact a designated   Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre   well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that   country entry requirements   may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest   diplomatic or consular office   of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Malaria  is a serious and sometimes fatal disease that is caused by parasites spread through the bites of mosquitoes.   There is a risk of malaria in certain areas and/or during a certain time of year in this destination. 

Antimalarial medication may be recommended depending on your itinerary and the time of year you are travelling. Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic before travelling to discuss your options. It is recommended to do this 6 weeks before travel, however, it is still a good idea any time before leaving.    Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times:  • Cover your skin and use an approved insect repellent on uncovered skin.  • Exclude mosquitoes from your living area with screening and/or closed, well-sealed doors and windows. • Use insecticide-treated bed nets if mosquitoes cannot be excluded from your living area.  • Wear permethrin-treated clothing.    If you develop symptoms similar to malaria when you are travelling or up to a year after you return home, see a health care professional immediately. Tell them where you have been travelling or living. 

In this destination, rabies is carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. Rabies treatment is often available in this destination. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country.  The risk may vary between regions of a country.  Chikungunya is a virus spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Chikungunya can cause a viral disease that typically causes fever and pain in the joints. In some cases, the joint pain can be severe and last for months or years.

Protect yourself from mosquito bites at all times. There is no vaccine available for chikungunya.

• In this country,   dengue  is a risk to travellers. It is a viral disease spread to humans by mosquito bites.
• Dengue can cause flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe dengue, which can be fatal.
• The level of risk of dengue changes seasonally, and varies from year to year. The level of risk also varies between regions in a country and can depend on the elevation in the region.
• Mosquitoes carrying dengue typically bite during the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset.
• Protect yourself from mosquito bites . There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue.

Zika virus is a risk in this country. 

Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. It can also be sexually transmitted. Zika virus can cause serious birth defects.

During your trip:

• Prevent mosquito bites at all times.
• Use condoms correctly or avoid sexual contact, particularly if you are pregnant.

If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, you should discuss the potential risks of travelling to this destination with your health care provider. You may choose to avoid or postpone travel. 

For more information, see Zika virus: Pregnant or planning a pregnancy.

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)   is a risk in this country. It is caused by a parasite spread by infected triatomine bugs. The infection can be inactive for decades, but humans can eventually develop complications causing disability and even death.

Risk is generally low for most travellers. Protect yourself from triatomine bugs, which are active at night, by using mosquito nets if staying in poorly-constructed housing. There is no vaccine available for Chagas disease.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Mpox (monkeypox)   is a risk in this country. It is a viral disease that can cause serious illness in some circumstances. Risk is generally low for most travellers.

Mpox spreads in 3 ways:

• from animals to humans through direct contact or by eating or preparing undercooked meat of infected animals or coming into contact with an infected animal's body fluids
• from person to person through close contact, including direct contact with the skin lesions, blood, body fluids, or mucosal surfaces (such as eyes, mouth, throat, genitalia, anus, or rectum) of an infected person
• through direct contact with contaminated objects such as bedding and towels, or by sharing personal objects used by an infected person

Follow recommended public health measures   and avoid contact with animals such as rodents and primates to help prevent getting or spreading the infection.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is very good.

Public hospitals offer very good services throughout the country but waiting times may be long. Doctors rarely speak English or French.

Private clinics and hospitals provide excellent health care. They are mainly located in San José. Services may be expensive. Doctors and hospitals typically require upfront payment.

Emergency services may be limited in rural areas.

Medical evacuation can be very expensive and may be necessary in case of serious illness or injury.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Medications

Some prescription medication may not be available in Costa Rica.

If you take prescription medication, you’re responsible for determining its legality in the country.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication with you
• Always keep your medication in the original container
• Pack your medication in your carry-on luggage
• Carry a paper and an electronic copy of your prescriptions

Medical tourism

Canadian citizens have had serious health complications following cosmetic or other elective surgeries abroad.

Before leaving for medical travel:

• make sure you’ve done your research
• use reputable health-care providers only

Receiving medical care outside Canada

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Transfer to a Canadian prison

Canada and Costa Rica are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in Costa Rica to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and Costa Rican authorities.

This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.

If you violate Costa Rica’s laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested or imprisoned.

Overview of the criminal law system in Costa Rica

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect lengthy jail sentences or heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Child sex tourism

It's a serious criminal offence to have sex with minors in Costa Rica.

Conviction may result in a lengthy prison sentence.

Child Sex Tourism: It’s a Crime

Identification

Authorities may request to see your ID at any time.

• Carry valid identification at all times
• Keep a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp in case it’s lost or seized
• Keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents

Photography

It is illegal to photograph official buildings.

Check with local authorities before taking photos.

Investments

Disputes related to property acquisition or other investments are costly and take time to resolve.

If you plan on buying property, or making other investments in Costa Rica:

• seek legal advice in Canada and in Costa Rica before making commitments
• choose your own lawyer
• avoid hiring a lawyer recommended by a seller

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Costa Rica.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Costa Rica, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and Costa Rica.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Costa Rica, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the Costa Rican court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Costa Rica to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

You can drive with your valid Canadian driver’s licence in Costa Rica for up to 90 days from your arrival. Even if you have been granted a longer stay, you will not be able to drive legally after the first 90 days.

You must also carry your passport when driving in the country. Photocopies are not acceptable. You may face a fine if you fail to provide proper documentation when stopped by a traffic officer.

The Costa Rican government may prevent you from leaving the country until all injury claims have been settled if you are involved in a road accident, regardless of which party is at fault or insurance coverage.  Local judicial resolution process may take several months.

In the event of a car accident:

• don’t move your vehicle until the authorities arrive
• remain at the scene
• call 911 to report the accident

There are camera monitoring systems in various locations. You may receive a speeding ticket by mail if you exceed the speed limit.

Traffic fines don’t have to be paid on the spot. You can pay a fine:

• at COSEVI (Costa Rican Road Safety Council)

If a police officer asks you for money, you may make a complaint to the Costa Rican Tourism Bureau.

• Costa Rican Tourism Bureau
• COSEVI - Costa Rican Road Safety Council  (in Spanish)
• International Driving Permit

The currency in Costa Rica is the Costa Rican colón (CRC).

Credit cards are generally accepted.

It’s extremely difficult to exchange Canadian dollars in Costa Rica. U.S. dollars are more easily exchanged.

Cash withdrawals are possible with a 4-digit PIN only.

Hurricane season

Hurricanes usually occur from mid-May to the end of November. During this period, even small tropical storms can quickly develop into major hurricanes.

These severe storms can put you at risk and hamper the provision of essential services.

If you decide to travel to a coastal area during the hurricane season:

• know that you expose yourself to serious safety risks
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator
• follow the advice and instructions of local authorities
• Tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and monsoons
• Large-scale emergencies abroad
• Active storm tracking and hurricane watches and warnings  - United States’ National Hurricane Center

The rainy season extends from May to November, which sometimes extends into January.

Torrential rains and landslides occur frequently in the lowlands and mountainous areas along the Caribbean and in the Central Valley.

Seasonal flooding often causes power outages.  It can also hamper overland travel and reduce the delivery of other essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges damaged.

Earthquakes and tsunamis

Costa Rica is located in an active seismic zone. Earthquakes and tremors occur regularly. Tsunamis are possible.

A tsunami can occur within minutes of a nearby earthquake. However, the risk of tsunami can remain for several hours following the first tremor. If you’re staying on the coast, familiarize yourself with the region’s evacuation plans in the event of a tsunami warning.

There are several active and potentially active volcanoes in the country, including:

• Poás
• Rincón de la Vieja

Eruptions may occur at any time. They sometimes lead to evacuations of surrounding areas on short notice.

In the event of an earthquake or volcanic eruption:

• pay careful attention to all warnings issued for national parks
• monitor local media to stay informed of the evolving situation
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders 
• Earthquakes  - What to Do?
• Latest earthquakes  - U.S. Geological Survey
• Tsunami alerts  - U.S. Tsunami Warning System
• National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Response  (in Spanish)
• Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (in Spanish)

Local services

In case of an emergency, dial 911.

Consular assistance

Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to Costa Rica, in San José, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

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November 2013

• By Center for Global Health (U.S.)
• Corporate Authors: Center for Global Health (U.S.)
• Description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has collaborated with public health institutions in Central America since the 1960s. Through these partnerships CDC has been able to address Costa Rica’s priority public health burdens from malaria to influenza. CDC’s work in Costa Rica includes HIV/AIDS, the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), and the International Emerging Infections Program. More ▼ -->
• Subjects: [+] International Cooperation Public Health
• Document Type: Pamphlet (or booklet)
• Name as Subject: Center for Global Health (U.S.)
• Genre: Fact Sheet
• Place as Subject: Costa Rica
• Collection(s): Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library collection
• Main Document Checksum: [+] urn:sha256:0aa19eb55c2d25e1e3a6f3fe1de96e3859a438a452182bf663a7f3d639e9286d
• Download URL: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/23557/cdc_23557_DS1.pdf

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CDC in Central America

A field researcher from Universidad del Valle-Guatemala (UVG) collects a sample from a participant in an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research project in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. Photo by Nicholas Tenorio/CDC

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has collaborated with public health institutions in Central America since the 1960s. The initial focus on parasitic diseases has expanded to encompass public health programs throughout the region on HIV/TB, global disease detection, emergency response and other areas of global health security. The CDC Central America office, based in Guatemala, houses the multi-country program offices for the Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT) and the Division of Global Health Protection (DGHP). Together with headquarter-based CDC experts, they support work in the Central American countries of Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama, as well as selected activities in Colombia, the Dominican Republic, and Peru. CDC Central America works in partnership with the Central American and Caribbean Regional Office (CACRO), based in Panama, to strengthen regional health systems and workforce capacities to prevent, detect, and respond to diseases throughout the region.

CDC Central America works collaboratively with Ministries of Health (MOH), Executive Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Health of Central America and the Dominican Republic (SE-COMISCA), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and other regional and international partners on issues such as COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, HIV, tuberculosis, vector-borne disease, and antimicrobial resistance.

Global Health Security

Field epidemiology training program (fetp), surveillance and immunization support, hiv and tuberculosis (tb), laboratory systems strengthening, migration and border health.

• Success Stories
• Country Facts

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Cdc impact in central america.

Helping countries respond to public health threats quickly and effectively within their borders is critical to preventing the spread of disease regionally and around the world. CDC supports disease outbreak response, surveillance, laboratory systems, and workforce development in coordination with local, regional, and global public health organizations. CDC Central America has partnered with Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Washington State University, and Universidad del Valle de Guatemala since 2018 to strengthen epidemiological surveillance for acute febrile illnesses (AFI) and  antimicrobial resistance  (AMR) in Belize, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador and Guatemala.

CDC’s AFI surveillance network in Central America and the Dominican Republic  identifies emerging and re-emerging disease threats, strengthens regional collaborations, and increases capacity for disease surveillance

CDC collaborates with ministries of agriculture, health, environment, and defense across Central America to  conduct One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) workshops to increase opportunities for cross-disciplinary surveillance, prevention, and control of zoonotic diseases

Since 2017, CDC has  participated in outbreak investigations  for measles, rabies, fungal infections, dengue, foodborne diseases, and COVID-19

Since 2022, CDC has collaborated with the Government of El Salvador to  pilot the region’s first use of Wolbachia bacteria to control mosquito-borne disease transmission

CDC and SE-COMISCA support  strengthened surveillance   of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections   (candidemia) in eight hospitals in El Salvador, and helped update the national guidelines for candidemia surveillance

CDC partners with the SE-COMISCA to  strengthen the National Institute of Health in El Salvador

FETP  strengthens the public health workforce capacity to investigate and respond to disease outbreaks. CDC Central America supports three tiers of FETP (Frontline, Intermediate, and Advanced) to train epidemiologists in identifying and containing outbreaks before they become epidemics. COMISCA and MOHs lead FETP activities across the Central America region. Advanced FETP participants earn a master’s degree in epidemiology through Universidad del Valle-Guatemala (UVG).

Since 2000 , when the program started in the region, 4,929 residents have graduated from FETPs in Central America across all three tiers

Since 2012,  over 122 Central America FETP residents have presented their work  at international scientific conferences

Previous collaborations between CDC and MOHs to expand regional laboratory capacities and surveillance were critical to the region’s COVID-19 response. FETP graduates were instrumental to the response. Together with CDC’s implementing partners, FETP graduates led efforts to increase vaccination rates and provide epidemiological support to MOHs.

Within the framework of the One Health project, implemented by COMISCA, with the collaboration of the Regional International Organization for Agriculture Health (OIRSA) and the Central American Commission for Environment and Development (CCAD), Honduras, and El Salvador have been supported the development of their prioritized lists of zoonotic diseases of greatest concern and to develop next steps to address diseases in collaboration with other partners using the CDC methodology.

A digital tool was developed for the notification of suspected animal cases of avian influenza, which contributed to the identification of index cases in Central America.

To support Central American countries’ COVID-19 response, CDC  leveraged existing surveillance platforms to test for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). In Guatemala, CDC also supports the strengthening of the laboratory surveillance electronic system to streamline detection, notification and reporting of notifiable diseases

CDC and PAHO worked together to  increase the region’s genomic sequencing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 . As a result, national laboratories in Costa Rica, Guatemala and Panama were better able to  analyze samples referred from throughout Central America

CDC and partners  implemented serological surveys to understand trends in COVID-19 infection within communities and healthcare, agriculture, hospitality, and market workers in Belize, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Guatemala

Since 2021, CDC has supported  COVID-19 vaccination activities in Belize , El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras . CDC assisted with vaccination program management and operations, dissemination of key messages in local languages, identification of vaccination barriers in priority populations, outreach to pregnant women, and scale-up for other vaccine preventable diseases

CDC donated  laboratory equipment , reagents and supplies, antigen tests, personal protective equipment, and other supplies in the region

CDC boosted rapid response teams’ skills  in community testing, vaccination promotion campaigns, and home-based care, and  collaborated to investigate COVID-related fungal infections  (mucormycosis)

Since 2003, CDC has collaborated with MOHs, community-based organizations, and international partners to respond to the  HIV epidemic in Central America by scaling up evidence-based programs that close gaps in HIV prevention, case finding, early antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, optimized treatment, and viral load suppression. CDC Central America supports countries to achieve UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals by 2030 by:

• Preventing new infections among populations at substantial risk of infection through HIV combination prevention strategies, including the scale up of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
• Increasing HIV testing access and knowledge of HIV status through active case-finding, including outreach among key populations, index testing services, optimized provider-initiated testing, and community testing
• Improving health outcomes among people living with HIV by supporting active linkage to treatment, early treatment initiation, management of opportunistic infections, and promoting optimized treatment regimens and differentiated service delivery models
• Strengthening treatment retention and sustainable viral load suppression among people living with HIV
• Enhancing local capacity for laboratory quality assurance and supporting national efforts to improve the quality of rapid HIV testing
• Strengthening laboratory capacity and network for HIV testing and viral load monitoring
• Increasing workforce capacity through the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model to mentor and create communities of HIV practice among healthcare workers across the region
• Developing local capacities to collect, analyze, and use HIV surveillance and strategic information for public health impact, including HIV recent infection surveillance
• Addressing stigma and discrimination against key populations and people living with HIV

In FY23, CDC supported the provision of HIV prevention services to over 56,000 people, HIV testing for over 123,000 people and HIV treatment for over 31,000 people in Central America, Colombia, and Peru

For the past 20 years, CDC Central America has supported laboratory-based disease surveillance and detection of novel strains and pathogens. The agency also supports the Regional Network of National Laboratories (REDLAB) strategic plan. Activities include:

• Since 2019, training more than 4,000 laboratory staff personnel through virtual and in person webinars and workshops
• Strengthening the resources and training to conduct genomic surveillance in Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama
• Strengthening capacities of national laboratories in Belize and El Salvador to diagnose fungal (mycotic) diseases
• Enhancing laboratory-based surveillance of norovirus and rotavirus (viruses that cause vomiting and diarrhea) in Costa Rica
• CDC works closely with the REDLAB network that works to facilitate collaboration and strategic planning for the national laboratory leadership from throughout Central America

CDC supports  laboratory biosafety across the region , such as hosting regional biosafety and biosecurity workshops, supporting the accreditation of local laboratory staff for the certification of Biosafety cabinets

Global migration and border health systems impact the health of migrants and potential cross-border movement of pathogens. CDC engages with national governments, U.S. Embassies, COMISCA, and other partners to improve HIV services for Venezuelan migrants, enhance border health processes, and understand health-related reasons for migration. CDC activities include/have included:

• Implementation of a survey and virtual regional workshop to identify challenges in border health systems and points of entry
• Integration of border health topics into FETP-Frontline
• Engagement in technical collaboration to enhance HIV prevention, care, and treatment services for migrants throughout Central America. For example, CDC and local partners support increased access to HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and laboratory services for Venezuelan migrants in Colombia and Peru
• Support of COVID-19 testing and vaccination for migrants returning to Central America from the U.S. and Mexico
• Combined training initiatives in Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic, surveillance, public health policy, and preventing and responding to potential health emergencies at land entry points
• Prioritizing public health emergency plans for the International Airport San Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez in El Salvador
• Fostered Costa Rica-Panama collaboration for coordinated health surveillance and binational communication
• Sponsored a Facebook health education campaign emphasizing COVID-19 prevention for travelers
• A mobility survey captured diverse profiles of individuals crossing land borders into Guatemala, providing better understanding of their health risks, needs, and behaviors
• Assessments were conducted in Guatemala and Honduras to document existing public health and mobility data, sourcing information from governmental and non-governmental organizations. The data will highlight priority areas for enhancement
• Bringing COVID-19 Vaccines to Guatemala’s Most Remote Communities | Global Health | CDC
• Motivating More People in Honduras to Get the COVID-19 Vaccine | Global Health | CDC
• U.S. CDC and Partners Collaborate to Vaccinate More Pregnant Women in El Salvador Against COVID-19 | Global Health | CDC
• CDC Leverages Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance System to Respond to COVID-19
• Colombia Increases Surveillance to Protect Pregnant Women Against COVID-19
• 4 U.S. Assignees
• 21 Locally Employed Staff

Sources: World Bank 2020, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Population Reference Bureau 2021, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama GBD Compare 2019, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

Belize: Belize | Travelers’ Health | CDC

Costa Rica: Costa Rica | Travelers’ Health | CDC

El Salvador: El Salvador | Travelers’ Health | CDC Global HIV & TB El Salvador Country Profile

Guatemala: Guatemala | Travelers’ Health | CDC Global HIV & TB Guatemala Country Profile

Honduras: Honduras | Travelers’ Health | CDC Global HIV & TB Honduras Country Profile

Nicaragua: Nicaragua | Travelers’ Health | CDC Global HIV & TB Nicaragua Country Profile

Panama: Panama | Travelers’ Health | CDC

Photos:  CDC in Central America | Flickr

Videos: Central America Region Overview Health Impact in Central America Region COVID-19 Preparedness in Central America Region CDC and the Universidad del Valle-Guatemala (UVG) Value of the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) in Central America Guatemala Veterinarians FETP Guatemala FETP Treating HIV in Honduras

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• You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
• CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website.

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Travel Blog

• My First Cup of Coffee
• Top Six Extra Things to Pack on Your Next Trip Abroad
• Ten Things to do on the beach in Manuel Antonio
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Living in Costa Rica Blog

• Protecting the kinkajous in Manuel Antonio
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• Border Crossing: Nicaragua by Boat
• The Top 5 Reasons I love living in Tamarindo
• A Look Back: Tamarindo, Six Months Later
• Fruit of the Month: Cas
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Traveling with Costa Rica Health Alerts

Stay safe and healthy while traveling in Costa Rica understanding the level of risk of contracting a disease and the restrictions that legally must be followed with the color-coded health alerts!

The health alerts, known locally as epidemiological alerts, are part of the Costa Rica National Disaster and Emergency Risk Management System ("Sistema Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias") known locally as SNPRAE.

The Department of Health, and the Costa Rican Department of Health and Human Services, locally known as "Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social" or by its Spanish abbreviation CCSS, led by The Costa Rica's Risk Prevention and Emergency Attention National Commission locally known as "Comisión Nacional de Prevención de Riesgos y Atención de Emergencias" or simply by its abbreviation CNE, are in charge of setting the health alerts.

Besides the new Corona virus (COVID-19), the most common viruses that you can be exposed while traveling in Costa Rica are Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria and Zika. They are all transmitted by day-biting mosquitoes. The mosquitoes are most active during early mornings and dusk, making the risk of bites higher.

2020 Mostiquito-Borne Disease Health Report

Source: Health Department of Costa Rica The most effective ways to prevent exposure to these viruses are:

Use mosquito repellent with DEET or Picaridin as active ingredient, and reapply as directed, if you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen first and insect repellent second

Dress with clothing that covers arms and legs in areas where mosquitoes are present.

Use condoms for sexual intercourse – Zika virus is sexually transmitted.

Corona Virus (COVID-19) Health Alerts

The Corona virus (COVID-19) has set new unprecedented rules to face a virus in Costa Rica. The rules are no different than you can experience at your home country.

During Covid-19 pandemic, travelers are not subject to the restriction imposed by the government except for wearing a face mask while you are indoors. Furthermore, tourist may also be affected by beach and national park access restrictions or lockdowns.

Green Alert

Threshold : Percentile less than 25; Score: 0

Indicates : Close to Containment

Government Intervention : Testing, contact tracing and isolation to suppress outbreaks

Yellow Alert

Threshold : Percentile between 25 and 50; Score: 1

Indicates : Potential community spread, mid hospital bed occupancy, and acceptable level of contact tracing and isolating

Covid-19 Government Interventions : Continue testing, contact tracing and isolation, as well as hand-washing, cough and sneeze etiquette, social distancing, masking, stay-home orders, event and mass gathering cancelations, beach and national park access restrictions, and driving hour rules except for permitted work, local food shopping or other permitted errands, or as authorized.

These are the specific restrictions for yellow alert:

Rules for Driving: based on the last digit of your vehicle's license plate.

Curfew: Weekdays 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. and Weekends 8 p.m. to 10 p.m.

Driving tickets for not following the rules: $184 USD (110,400 Costa Rican Colons (CRC))

You can drive on weekdays 5 a.m. to 10 p.m., if the last digit of your vehicle's license plate number is: 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 on Mondays 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 on Tuesdays 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, or 9 on Wednesdays 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 9 on Thursdays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 on Fridays

You can only drive weekends 5 a.m. to 8 p.m., if the last digit of your vehicle's license plate number is: 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 on Saturdays 0,2, 4, 6, or 8 on Sundays

Exceptions:

Rental car vehicles – leased from an accredited rental car company.

Public buses, taxis, shuttles, tour vans or trucks

Garbage, crane, fuel, cargo, or fright trucks operating pursuant their work duties.

Employees whose work hours and schedules overlap with the driving rules – they must carry an employer's letter requesting the exception from the rules.

Drivers who have a health or life emergency, doctor's appointment or want to donate blood and need to travel to a hospital, clinic or pharmacy. Must show proof of appointment or prescription

Construction, funeral, delivery, armored, or security vehicles circulating to perform their job.

Vehicles that belong to the government or any of its institutions, to diplomats, religious delegates and foreign officials, to airport, ports and boarder control officers, to press and communication media, to health organizations.

Accredited transport vehicles for persons with medical needs or disabilities.

Drivers who are vacationing and need to go to the hotel. Must carry proof of hotel reservation is required.

Drivers who are taking their vehicles to the Department of Motor Vehicles. Must carry proof of appointment. Or, drivers who are taking someone to take a drive test – must show proof of appointment.

Drivers who are going to leave the country or pick up/ drop off someone at San Jose airport (Juan Santamaria International Airport). Must show purchased ticket as proof.

Drivers who need to pick up or drop off a minor at a day care accredited by the Comprehensive Care Council or the Department of Education. Must show proof issued by the daycare.

Personnel private vehicles from ambulance, red cross, fire fighters, 911 emergencies, The Costa Rica's Risk Prevention and Emergency Attention National Commission (CNE), The Costa Rican Department of Health and Human Services (CCSS), Department of Health, International institutions and any institution that is involved in the state of emergency of COVID-19. Driver must show its employee identification or be wearing his/her uniform.

Orange Alert

Threshold : Percentile between 50 and 75; Score: 3 Indicates : Escalating community spread, high hospital bed occupancy, low level of contact tracing and Isolating

Covid-19 Government Interventions : Continue testing, contact tracing and isolation, as well as hand-washing, cough and sneeze etiquette, social distancing, masking, stay-home orders, event and mass gathering cancelations, beach and national park access restrictions, and driving hour rules except for permitted work, local food shopping or other permitted errands, or as authorized. Broadcast precautions to lessen the impact on people with certain medical conditions (diabetes, heart or lung disease, hypertension, cancer, etc.) and risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms.

At the government's own discretion, the the driving rules, outdoor activities and attraction access restrictions time frame may be shorter than in yellow alert. For example, driving rules time is restricted to 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. only. Access to the beach 5 a.m. to 9 a.m. or no access at all.

Threshold : Percentile more than 75; Score: 4

Indicates : Extreme hospital bed occupancy, unchecked community spread

Interventions : To be determined.

The Costa Rican Department of Health and Human Services, locally known as "Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social" or by its Spanish acronym CCSS, is in charge of the management and investment of the Costa Rica pension plans (usually defined-contributions plans) and all the social security administration. It runs the social and human development of the country by providing health services with a network of general hospitals, health centers, clinics, and physician-led team-based care (locally known as "Equipos Básicos de Atención Integral en Salud" or by its Spanish acronym EBAIS).

The Costa Rican Department of Health and Human Services (CCSS) subsists by government, employers and employees' monthly contributions.

The Costa Rican Department of Health and Human Services (CCSS) owns a national electronic disease surveillance system (known as "Sistema de Vigilancia Sindrómica") that collects and compiles patient-reported symptoms submitted by health practitioners from its health network facilities across the country.

The system works like this: when a patient checks in at a hospital, a clinic or a physician-led team-based care unit, the nurses or doctors observe the patient's symptoms and register the symptoms in the national electronic disease surveillance system. The data travel from the health center to the central computer servers, then the system compiles the data for the past 24 hours. Using some algorithms, the system decides which alert should be generated. The alert is then classified into three levels depending on the probability that an outbreak will happen C1 Alert (60%), Alert C2 (70%), and Alert C3 (82%).

The patient symptom report system allows the CCSS to predict when an outbreak is about to happen at the district or county level in Costa Rica and take the proper response.

What Metrics Are Used to Set Alerts?

Health alerts are issued based on these indicators:

66% of the metrics is determined by the risk ratio :

[County Level Risk Ratio] / [Nationwide Weekly Attack Rate]

County-level Indicator --

Calculated as county level risk ratio:

[New covid-19 cases reported in county] / [county population]

Nationwide Indicator:

Calculated as Weekly attack rate:

[Total new covid-19 cases in Costa Rica] /[Costa Rica's population]

33% depends on the slope and coefficient of variation : The weekly increase or decrease of active cases in each county

1% rests on the national outbreak reporting system, the percentage of hospital beds in the intensive care units available, local contextual assessments, and the basic reproduction number (Ro).

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Costa Rica Travel Advisory

Travel advisory july 17, 2023, costa rica - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise increased caution in Costa Rica due to  crime .

Country Summary:  While petty crime is the predominant threat for tourists in Costa Rica, violent crime, including armed robbery, homicide and sexual assault, occurs in Costa Rica. The Costa Rican government provides additional security resources in areas frequented by tourists.

Read the  country information page for additional information on travel to Costa Rica.

If you decide to travel to Costa Rica:

• Be aware of your surroundings.
• Do not physically resist any robbery attempt.
• Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• U.S. citizens should always exercise caution when traveling abroad.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook,   Twitter, and Instagram .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Costa Rica.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel. 

Travel Advisory Levels

Assistance for u.s. citizens, costa rica map, search for travel advisories, external link.

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Travel Vaccines and Advice for Costa Rica

Costa Rica has something for everyone. Seasides for a relaxing holiday. Rivers and jungles for adventure travellers. Mountain resorts for those who want something in-between. It is one of the most popular destinations in Central America and a favourite amongst travellers.

But even popular destinations need a little preparation before you’re ready to go.

Do I Need Vaccines for Costa Rica?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Costa Rica. The National Travel Health Network and Centre and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Costa Rica: hepatitis A , typhoid , yellow fever , rabies and tetanus .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunisations:

• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travellers to the region, especially if unvaccinated.
• Tetanus – Wounds or Breaks in Skin – Recommended for travellers to most regions, especially if not previously vaccinated.
• Typhoid – Food & Water – Recommended for travellers to most regions.
• Yellow Fever – Mosquito – Required if travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
• Rabies – Saliva of Infected Animals – High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-stay travellers and those who may come in contact with animals.

See the tables below for more information:

Vaccine-preventable diseases are not the only threats. Dengue fever and chikungunya, two mosquito-borne diseases, are also present. Take proper precautions to avoid mosquitoes and mosquito bites such as using repellents and netting.

Traveller’s diarrhoea is another threat. the NaTHNaC estimates as many as 70 percent of travellers will fall ill to traveller’s diarrhoea. Avoid questionable eateries and bring a remedy like DiaResQ or a traveller’s diarrhoea kit.

To find out more about these vaccines, see our vaccinations page . Ready to travel safely? Book your appointment either ring or start booking online now.

Do I Need a Visa for Costa Rica?

UK citizens do not need a tourist visa for travel to Costa Rica that lasts less than 90 days. Visas may be required for other types of travel. Passports must be valid for at least the duration of your stay. Proof of yellow fever vaccination may be required if you are travelling from a region where yellow fever is present. Proof of return or onward travel may also be required.

Sources: Embassy of Costa Rica and GOV.UK

What is the Climate Like in Costa Rica?

Costa Rica is a warm and tropical country. The weather is usually consistent throughout the year. Different places in Costa Rica have different climates. For example, the capital city, San José, has a mild climate with temperatures between 20 and 25 degrees. It has a rainy season from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall in September and October.

Arenal is a popular tourist destination known for its volcano and hot springs. It is warm and humid with temperatures between 20 and 30. The rainy season runs from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall in September and October. Monteverde is a cloud forest region with cooler temperatures due to its high altitude. It has a rainy season from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall in October.

Manuel Antonio is a beach destination with hot and humid temperatures ranging from 25 to 30. The rainy season runs from May to November, with the heaviest rainfall in September and October. Guanacaste is a popular beach and surf destination with a dry climate. It has temperatures between 25 and 35. It has a dry season from December to April and a wet season from May to November.

How Safe is Costa Rica?

Costa Rica is a particularly safe country, often referred to as the safest country in the Latin America.

Despite the lack of crime, it is still wise to practice caution in crowded places, keep all the valuables in a safe place and avoid going out after dark.

The roads in Costa Rica are in a bad condition, so it is necessary to the particularly careful when motoring.

The biggest threats in Costa Rica are active volcanoes and venomous snakes and frogs. Ensure to find the most recent safety information before going near the volcanoes and be extremely cautious with the wild animals.

What Should I Take To Costa Rica?

Here are some essential items to consider for your trip to Nigeria:

• Hiking Boots -Costa Rica boasts 5% of the world’s species in its lush forests. Ensure to get out of the city and see the incredibly rich wildlife with your own eyes.
• Photo Camera – There is a lot to see in Costa Rica. Enjoy the sights to the fullest by taking a photo camera with you and capturing the sights you encounter. Best travel souvenirs are the photos you take.
• Rain Jacket – Since in some parts of the country it can rain all year long, it is a good idea to bring a light rain jacket with you. With proper clothing, the bursts of rain will pass by before you know it.
• Sun Cream – The sun in Costa Rica is very ruthless and can give you painful sunburns. Ensure to bring a sun cream with a high factor of SPF to protect your skin from the sun.
• Insect Spray – To avoid mosquito-borne illnesses, it is best to carry your own insect spray. The shops in Costa Rica might not offer a high variety of repellents, leaving you with a limited selection of overpriced insect sprays.

Embassy of the United Kingdom in Costa Rica

If you are in Costa Rica and have an emergency (for example, been attacked, arrested or someone has died) contact the nearest consular services. Contact the embassy before arrival if you have additional questions on entry requirements, safety concerns or are in need of assistance.

British Embassy in San Jose Edificio Centro Colón, Paseo Colón and Streets 38 and 40 San Jose Apartado 815 – 1007 San Jose Costa Rica Telephone: (506) 2258-2025 Emergency Phone: +506 2258 2025 Fax: (506) 2233 9938 Contact Form: Click Here

Coastline, jungle, adventure, Costa Rica has something for nearly every type of traveller. Ensure your journey is protected by visiting your local Passport Health. Our travel health specialists will help you receive everything you need to help you stay healthy as you go. To schedule your appointment today, Ring or book online now .

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Costa Rica? Do I Need a Visa for Costa Rica? What is the Climate Like in Costa Rica? How Safe is Costa Rica? What Should I Take To Costa Rica? Embassy of the United Kingdom in Costa Rica

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