travel dual citizenship

How to Travel with Two Passports: The Stress-Free Flying Guide

Last Updated on March 19, 2022 by Michela

You’ve gotten dual citizenship – yay! There’s something so satisfying about finally having your second passport in hand. But how do you actually travel with two passports ? When do you show what and what are the rules to follow?

While traveling with two passports should not be difficult, it can be intimidating the first few times you do it. You don’t want to make a mistake and get into any trouble!

To provide the clearest explanations possible, I’m going to use examples, many of them being from my own situation as a US and EU citizen. If you have any questions about your specific situation, please leave them in the comments so I can help!

You can read more about how I got my Italian dual citizenship .

Traveling With Two Passports: FAQs, Answered

How can you get two passports.

A person can apply for a passport in any country in which they have citizenship. If you were born a dual citizen, you likely can apply at any time. But you can also obtain dual citizenship in other ways, most commonly through ancestry, naturalization, and marriage. Once you’ve obtained dual citizenship, you should be able to apply for your passport right away, but you’ll have to check your country’s specific rules.

It’s important to note that every country has different policies on this (and it’s important to note that all the information in this article may vary depending on the country in question.) Always check official rules, which can usually be found on government websites, regarding if dual citizenship is allowed and their rules on traveling with two passports.

Is traveling with two passports allowed?

Yes. And people can even have more than two! It’s usually advantageous to have multiple passports (if your home country allows it). Having a second passport allows you to choose which one makes your entry into a foreign country easier and you’ll likely have shorter lines to wait in.

Do dual citizens need to travel with both passports?

No, you are not required to have both passports on you when you travel – just the one you are using. In my case, if traveling back and forth from the United States and the European Union (EU), I need both because I enter and leave the EU as an EU citizen and enter and leave the USA as a US citizen. Scroll to find detailed definitions of “entering” and “exiting.”

I highly suggest always bringing both passports with you when you travel, even if you don’t plan on using one of them. This assures that if you run into any trouble, you have all your documentation on hand and can explain your situation as a dual citizen. Follow these other international travel tips for a smooth experience.

Can you enter a country on one passport and exit on another?

No. The way that countries track whether or not you have overstayed your visa or the amount of days you’re allowed to stay there is based on what passport you used.

So, for example, if you enter the EU on an American passport, but then exit on an EU passport, then “on file” it will seem as though you never left the EU because they’ve seen you entered on an American passport.

Some countries do not stamp passports, which would then imply it doesn’t matter which you show. But to avoid trouble, the number one rule for traveling with two passports is to keep it consistent.

Defining “Entering” and “Exiting” a Country

The reason why I want to define these terms is that their messaging can get confusing in the context of the full flight journey.

This is because there is not just one stop where you show the passport you’re traveling with and move on. There are multiple passport control stops that can make you doubt which passport you are supposed to use.

Entering a country is when you land and you go through passport control. You will enter your destination country, but you will also re-enter the country that you are returning to. And this may cause you to use two different passports on the same journey.

For example, I am an EU and US citizen. If I travel to the US, I will use my American passport. But when I re-enter the EU, I will present my EU passport because I want to be considered an EU citizen in the EU.

The same goes for leaving a country. I will leave the EU on my EU passport, the same I used to enter it. And when I leave the US, I will present my US passport; the same I used to enter it.

Step-By-Step Flying Guide with Two Passports

Booking Your Flight: How to Choose Which Passport To Use

The first point where you will need to decide on which passport to use when traveling is when you go to book a flight. The main factors you will want to consider when choosing which to use are:

• Destination country’s laws . Your destination country may have certain laws about which passport you can use, usually if it’s the country from which you have citizenship. For example, US citizens must enter and leave the US using their US passport . So even if you are a dual citizen of another country, you don’t have the choice to use that passport to enter the US.
• Ease of visa requirements . The benefit to having two passports is that you can choose which one allows you to enter a country more easily. For example, if I’m traveling to Venezuela, I would choose to use my EU passport. With my EU passport, I don’t need to apply for a visa, whereas with the US passport I would have to apply for a visa, pay for it, and do the entire waiting process for it to be granted. These visa requirements are all based on agreements between the countries regarding the visitor’s nationality, length of stay, reason for visiting, etc.

Part of the booking and online check-in process can also get muddy when they ask for nationality. Dual nationals should always put the nationality that goes with whatever passport they are traveling on.

Airport Check-In

When you check in for your flight, you will present the passport that you used to buy the ticket. The airline wants to see the passport information match up and they want to know you have valid entry to your destination country.

At Security Check

You will present the passport associated with your ticket. Again it makes sense, as the agents all want to see that the information is consistent and that you won’t have problems entering the destination country.

At Passport Control When Departing

When you go through passport control after having checked in and gone through security, you will then present whichever passport you used to enter the country you are currently in. So, if I am in Italy, I would present my Italian passport.

Now, for example, if I have a connecting flight from Italy somewhere in the EU on my way to the US, I will not go through passport control in Italy. I will go through passport control at the last EU country I am traveling from.

Arriving At The Destination

When you go through the immigration check at your destination, you’ll present the passport you used on your ticket to fly there. This makes sense, as its the passport that is allowing you entry into the country.

Departing From The Destination

Same as when you arrive, you’ll show the passport you used to enter the country.

Returning Home/Re-entering Departing Country

So, now when you go through border control after your return journey, you will present which passport is most advantageous for you to enter that country with. Remember, this is the passport you will then use to leave this country the next time you take an international flight.

If I’m an EU citizen returning to the EU, then I will use my EU passport.

Final Thoughts

Traveling with two passports is not difficult, but it can be intimidating. It’s hard enough trying to travel stress-free and now it’s a whole new world with two passports in hand!

Now when you travel with two passports you will be a pro!

Michela is a travel writer and photographer living in northern Italy. She is passionate about helping people make the most of their travels by sharing advice gained from her personal experiences, off-the-beaten-path destinations and time-saving quick itineraries. Browse her top articles or have her help you plan your itinerary to your dream destination!

Find me on: Web | Instagram

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Hi Michela. My name is Hans i have both Nicaraguan and German Citizenships.

I was born in Nicaragua and in the beginning of the year i booked a flight from Nicaragua to Amsterdam with my Nicaraguan passport, nevertheless, a month ago i obtained my first German passport.

My concern lies in that as a nicaraguan citizen i obtain both my father and mother last names while under the german legislation my second last name (my mother’s) is eliminated.

The Nicaraguan government obligates me to book my flight with my Nicaraguan passport that has the two last names (which i did back in the beginning of the year) and the info has to correlate with an exit authorization form that i have to fill about 48 hours prior to leaving. If it is not identical i can have issues.

So where i see the problem is that when i enter Paris which is my connecting flight to Amsterdam and go through inmigration my ticket will have my two last names and my German passport only one last name. Do you think that inmigration will understand if i explain them my situation? I strongly feel that the correct thing would be to enter the EU with my EU passport but i am afraid of running into trouble. I would appreciate you insight. Thank you!

I totally understand your fear because there is no way to contact anyone you’ll encounter at immigration before you arrive. I do believe you are correct that you should enter the EU with your EU passport.

Airlines are most concerned with seeing that you are allowed to enter the country that you are traveling to. For example, I was returning to Italy from the US and had flights booked with my US passport. The airline in the US asked me if I had proof I could travel to Italy and that’s when I showed my Italian passport and everything was fine.

And when I do arrive back in Italy, I just use my Italian passport and go through the e-gates. I don’t think you will be asked to show your ticket and passport if you enter through the e-gates since you are an EU citizen.

My best advice would be to try to email the Paris customs and get a response back in writing of what they advise you to do because then you can print that email and have it as a backup document (depending on what they write to you) that justifies your actions! You may even want to do the same and contact Amsterdam customs.

I hope this helps and that you have a smooth trip!

How do you answer visa questions about where you were born when traveling with second passport? I have a US passport and a Costa Rica by investment passport. I am unsure on some of the questions on the visa applications. Thanks for any help you can give me.

I believe the way you answer visa application questions is all based on which passport allows you to most easily enter/obtain that visa. I would keep all the information the same so once you choose one passport to fill out the application with, only input information related to that passport. Of course I know that filling out paperwork can be really confusing because they don’t allow you to explain your whole story, but I believe you should be okay if you fill out the paperwork in this way!

I hope this helps and let me know if you have any more questions!

Hi Michaela,

I have both a US passport and Thai passport. I was in Thailand on my US passport and went to Europe. I left Thailand and entered Europe on my American passport. However, when I came back to Thailand I left Europe on my American passport and entered Thailand on my Thai passport. Now I want to travel to Australia but I am in Thailand (entered using my Thai passport). For visas, it is much easier to enter Australia on my US passport. Is it this correct, I purchase my ticket using my US passport even though they have no record of me in the country with US passport? And when I get to border control in Thailand I show them my Thai passport and when I arrive in Australia I show them my US passport?

When I leave Australi should I book on my US passport, correct?

Kind regards,

First I just want to say that since I don’t have these two kinds of passports and have not personally experienced this travel route, I always recommend trying to get in contact with the border police in order to confirm your situation and receive an answer directly from them.

Now, from my experience, you are exactly right. The airline is concerned about whether you will be allowed into your destination country, whereas the border police are looking to make sure you are entering and exiting a country on the same passport.

So, you should book everything related to your Australia visit on your US passport. Show your Thai passport to the border police in Thailand upon exiting and re-entering, but give your US passport to the airline agents so they can check you are eligible to enter Australia and that all info matches and also to the border police in Australia when you enter and depart that country.

If on your way back to Thailand the airline agents are questioning whether you can return (since they are looking at your US passport), you should be able to also show them your Thai passport so that they know you are allowed to enter that country. It once happened that I booked my flights to and from the US on my US passport (since that is the law, even though I’m in the EU on my EU passport) and while checking in for my return flight to Italy, the agent asked me if I had proof that I could go back there. I then just told her I am a dual citizen and showed my Italian passport as well and all was fine.

Like I said, if you can get confirmation from border police agents that this works for your situation, all the better. It’s my go-to strategy, as written confirmation by email is hard to refute. I hope this information was helpful and that you have a safe and smooth trip!

Hi , thanks for this. I have two passports and both are visa free to enter EU for 90days /180z I wanted to enter EU after the first 90 days with the first passport. Can I use the second passport to reenter with this 180 days limits? they check stamps only? Do they have electronic system to know it’s me the same person?

I’m nearly 100% certain that border police do cross-reference your passports if you are a dual citizen and that you can risk a fines/other penalties trying to enter with another passport to avoid the 180 day limit!

My daughter has UK and Spanish passports. My question is over what you say above: “When you check in for your flight, you will present the passport that you used to buy the ticket. The airline wants to see the passport information match up and they want to know you have valid entry to your destination country.” but then when arriving in the UK “When you go through the immigration check at your destination, you’ll present the passport you used on your ticket to fly there. This makes sense, as its the passport that is allowing you entry into the country.”. If she uses her SPANISH passport to BUY the ticket and CHECK IN in in Spain, why should she not use the UK passport once she arrives in London and when she leaves?

So, if your daughter is flying to the UK from Spain, I would assume she should buy her ticket with her UK passport, which would be the passport she shows to airline agents and immigration officers in the UK!

Meanwhile if she is flying to Spain from the UK she would do the opposite – buy the ticket to Spain with the Spanish passport and show that to the airline agents and the immigration officers once she lands in Spain.

Does that make more sense? I hope it helps!

Very helpful, thanks.

I’m happy you have found it useful!

I have both Taiwan and New Zealand passport. I’m going to China end of the year. I book my flight ticket with my Taiwan passport because i don’t required visa to go in. But the last time I enter nz I’m using my nz passport, so is that ok if I show the border police my New Zealand passport even tho my ticket is under my Taiwan passport ?

And when I’m leaving China n going back to New Zealand , which passport I should use to book my flight ?

You could almost think of the airline agents and the border police agents as separate parts of your journey. The main priority of the airline agents is to see that you are allowed in the country to which you are traveling, which is why you are correct in that you should book your ticket with and show the airline agents your Taiwan passport.

The border agents want to make sure you are entering and exiting the country on the same passport, which is why you would show them your New Zealand passport when leaving New Zealand. If you showed your Taiwan passport, they would see you entered New Zealand with one passport and left on another, which means they don’t know where you are/can’t track you and this could cause problems in your future international travels.

I also have never traveled to China or New Zealand, so I always encourage people to try to get in contact with the country’s border police before traveling if something seems unclear. I have done this before with other countries’ border police and I will usually print their email response to me about what I should do and bring that to the airport with me so that I feel confident while traveling.

When booking your return flight, as I mentioned, it is best to book with the passport that allows you access to the country you are traveling to. Now, I, for example, have booked a roundtrip flight US-Italy all on my US passport after I had spent about a year in Italy. When I went to check in for my return flight to Italy, I gave the airline agent my US passport since that is what I used for the roundtrip ticket and the airline agent asked me if I had proof that I was allowed to return to Italy (since you can only stay there for 3 months as a US citizen every 180 days) and I simply showed her my Italian passport. Everything went fine!

I hope I was able to explain myself clearly and that this has been helpful!

Hello. Say I am an Indian citizen with an Indian passport in the US and have a green card. Over time I obtain US Citizenship and Passport. Now India does not allow dual citizenship.

Now say just have obtaining my US Passport, I have to travel to India for an emergency, can I present my Indian Passport to enter and then exit India. Does anybody in India check in any system that I am a US Citizen now?

Since I have no personal experience with these types of passports and visas, I would highly recommend you reach out to your local consulate to get clarity on the situation. Safe travels!

Hi Micheala, My son has an Irish passport and a US passport. He was born in the US. I was born in Ireland. He will be studying abroad in Spain from 9/22 to 12/17. Under 90 days so no visa required. He will fly to london beforehand on Sept 3 to visit my sister, and also fly to Ireland to visit my brother. A total of 18 days before flying to Spain. It’s his first time abroad alone so I’m kind of worried about passport use and visas. I know he was told he didn’t need the visa to study in Spain because it’s under 90 days, and he has an Irish passport, but he has those added days in london and Ireland. Would you be able to take us through passport use for his trip? He will leave The US on the US passport. Should he use that same one to enter london? I think that is the correct one. He will flys to Ireland for a short visit, and then back to london. For this he will use his Irish passport. When he leaves london on 9/22 for his stay until 12/17 which passport is best? Ireland and England are not belong to Schengen Area so you are only allowed the same 90 days with no visa as a US citizen. (But you can leave and come back again on the Irish passport) 12/17 he flys Seville to Portugal to connect with his US flight home Im concerned, as he enters and leaves Seville that it will all go correctly. I’m anxious that some one will not let him in somewhere. I believe has to make sure he gets stamped everywhere along the way. When he returned to the US, does he need to primarily show the border patrol stamps in his US passport showing; that he arrived in london, departed london, arrived Seville, departed Seville, arrived Portugal, departed Portugal, arrive chicago? I know any flights to Ireland or EU countries, while studying abroad, he will use his Irish passport. But the trip listed above is his round trip in and out of the US. I hope this makes sense. Thank you.

Hi Vivienne!

I completely understand why you are nervous, as traveling with two passports can definitely be confusing.

I believe he could use the Irish or the US passport to enter London, as long as he uses that same one when he leaves London to go to Spain.

When entering and leaving Spain, since both passports have the same stipulations of 90 days no visa required, he should be fine to use either one, again as long as the one he chooses is the same one that he leaves Spain with.

I remember in London, and now in many places in Europe, there are e-gates where you scan your passport and you don’t receive a stamp, but this has never given me issues when returning to the US. I believe he can choose to see a border control agent for a stamp but it could also depend on the airport.

As long as he enters and exits each country using the same passport (enters and exits Ireland on the Irish passport, enters and exits US on the US passport, etc.) then he should be fine!

When he goes from Seville to Portugal, he should only have to cross border authorities in Portugal since the flight from Seville to Portugal is an EU flight. It’s when he is leaving the EU that he would have to cross border control.

I always encourage reaching out to a country’s border control authorities, as most will respond to emails, and traveling with that response to lessen the anxiety!

I hope this has been helpful – since I don’t have personal experience with both these types of passports, I can only say what I believe are the best practices, so like I said, if you can reach out to border authorities to ask your question, this is best!

I hope your son has a nice, smooth trip!

Hi, thanks for the guide. I am a US citizen who recently obtained an EU passport. I am traveling soon to Turkey from the US, and want to use my EU passport so I won’t need a visa (unlike with the US passport). The part that confuses me is the airline check-in. You linked to the State Dept. site which effectively says, “US citizens must enter and leave the US using their US passport.”

But if I am entering Turkey with my EU passport, shouldn’t I use the EU passport to book the ticket and check-in? If I use my US passport to book the flight, would I encounter problems when I try to go through Turkish customs with my EU passport? I assume the airline shares its passenger list, and I would show up as a US citizen. Or does that not matter? Also, the US has no passport exit control, so it seems like it shouldn’t matter on the US end either way.

I understand that when coming back to the US, I will show my EU passport to go through Turkish exit control (same as I entered), and my US passport for my return flight. But normally when you book a round-trip flight, you enter your passport information once when purchasing. What do I do if I want to use my EU passport to book/board the flight to Turkey and then fly back to the US with my US passport?

Thank you for the help!

You should book your flight with your EU passport since that’s the passport that is allowing you visa-free entry to Turkey. You will show the EU passport to the airline agent to check in and at border control entering and leaving Turkey.

When they say to enter and exit the US on your US passport, this refers to the passport you will show at border control when coming into and leaving the US. I don’t know exactly what gets shared, but basically you can think of the airline agents and border control as two separate entities. Airlines want to know you’ll be allowed into your destination country (hence booking with the EU passport) and border control want to make sure you are entering and leaving on the same passport (US passport shown entering and exiting the US; EU passport shown entering and exiting Turkey.)

As far as how to handle the passport booking information for the return flight, this was my experience: when I was traveling back to Italy from the US, I had already booked my roundtrip flight with the US passport details. The airline agent noticed that I wouldn’t be allowed back in Italy on my US passport since I had technically overstayed as a US citizen and all I had to do was explain I was a dual citizen, show the Italian passport and everything was fine as soon as she saw that I would be allowed into Italy. So, even if you have the EU passport details on the ticket, if you show them you are a US citizen and will therefore be allowed into the US, there shouldn’t be a problem.

I always recommend reaching out to border control/the airline agents with your personal situation as they will best be able to shed light on the correct procedure! I know sometimes it can be difficult to get a response, but it’s always worth a try.

I hope that I explained this well enough but don’t hesitate to ask any more questions for clarity!

I am a US and EU citizen, residing in NY. Never traveled on both before, but I am going to travel from JFK to LHR and will. From what I understand: Book tickets in the US provide US passport info to the airline and present your US passport at the gate at JFK. Upon arriving in London present EU passport at Border Control. On the return (as with the US there is no exit check) present the US passport to the airline and again at entry at Passport Control (Global Entry) in JFK. My question is doesn’t the airline tell Border Control in the UK that John Doe, US citizen is coming? and when John Doe, EU citizen shows up, won’t that cause an issue?

I don’t know exactly what happens on the other end – but I can tell you that from what I do know, airline agents care that you will be allowed in your destination country and border control cares that you are entering and exiting their country on the same passport.

You’re completely correct to show the US passport at the border control exit and entry at JFK. From what it sounds like, it may make more sense for you to just use the US passport also during your visit to England if it gives you the same entry requirements. If you prefer to use the EU passport entering England, you’ll show this to the border control exit and entry at LHR (which I am pretty sure are just E-gates now).

What will cause problems is if you enter the UK on an EU passport and then leave the UK on a US passport (by this I mean showing your EU passport to LHR border patrol when entering and then showing your US passport to LHR border control when leaving). Then border control sees that there is something inconsistent. So, while I don’t know what information is shared, this is how I have traveled between the US and Italy with two passports without yet encountering a problem having contacted the authorities to understand how to use my two passports correctly. I also recommend you do the same if you have any doubts! Border control authorities in the destination country usually have an email you can contact and that is the best resource for asking specific questions related to that country’s entry regulations.

I hope I explained myself well and that you have a smooth trip!

I went on my trip, skipped the online check-in and such, and asked at the airline desk. The agent had no clue, and called someone over who knew precisely what to do:

At JFK I checked in with my EU passport (next time, I’ll do this at one of the kiosks, you slide your passport in and it gets read). My boarding pass included Pre TSA (with KTN info Delta already has). At the TSA security, I presented my US passport. When boarding the flight I gave my EU passport and utilized my EU passport at LHR, and when I headed to France on the train. Returning, I again skipped the online check (because Delta had no way to update the passport info on the web to add my US passport, I had assumed it was populated with my EU passport info from the trip over) and I check in at a kiosk with the US passport and presented it again at the gate and at JFK Global Entry point.

Worked seamlessly and painlessly and next year I’ll be able to avoid the EU ETIAS.

I’m so glad someone was able to give you such specific instructions! You did everything right and thank you for sharing your experience so others can also learn from it!

Hi Bob can you please elaborate which passport did you book your flights with? Sounds like you checked in with the airline using your EU passport on the first leg but then you used your US passport to check in on your return leg. If your flights are on one itinerary, how is it possible to present two different passports to the airline? Thank you.

Thank you so much for this incredibly helpful information Michela! I read several other articles prior to this one and was still confused but you cleared everything up for me.

I’m in a very similar situation as you, an American who has obtained his Italian citizenship through ancestry. I’m currently in Italy at the moment and we are about to depart for the US in three days. I started to get concerned as I used my US passport to check into my flight when departing the US but then used my Italian passport to go through control after landing in Italy. I wasn’t sure which passport to use when departing Italy (actually, as we fly first to Paris then I’ll be using it there) and then again when arriving in the US but you perfectly made things clear to me.

I feel much more confident now so again a big thank you!

Hi Lance, I’m so glad you found it helpful! It can be so confusing and once you figure out the steps, they’re still a bit confusing to explain and understand. I’m happy I was able to explain it clearly! Have a wonderful trip!

Hi! I’m a Canadien citizen and I have my Belgian citizenship. I’m going to study abroad in Germany for 4 months but I currently live in Canada. This is what I understand : 1) Book my flight to Europe with my Canadien passport. 2) Show my EU passport when I’m at the borders in Europe (so I don’t have to show a visa to study). 3) Book my flight back with my Canadien passport. So, if I understand correctly, I book all my flights leaving and returning to Canada with my Canadien passport but when I arrive in Europe, I only show my European passport. Is that right?

At the border, if I only show my EU passport, will they ask to see my bording pass to be sure everything is matching or they won’t care because I’m a EU citizen?

Thank you! 🙂

Hi Claudia! First I just want to say since I don’t personally hold these two kinds of citizenship, I always recommend reaching out to local border authorities to get any important questions answered and cleared up. From what I know from my own personal experience and research, this is what I think: 1) You can book your flight to Europe with whatever passport allows you to remain in your destination country. So, you could book your flight with the EU passport, the important thing would be to show your Canadian passport to Canadian passport control as you “exit” Canada and make your way to Europe. 2) Yes I believe this works. 3) Yes exactly since this is the passport that allows you into Canada.

And then when you “exit” Europe, you show your European passport to the border control in Europe. When you re-enter in Canada, you show your Canadian passport to “enter” Canada.

I’ve never been asked for the boarding pass while entering the EU on my EU passport. You will likely go through the electronic gate where you scan your passport and they do a biometric check!

I hope this helps!

Thanks a lot for the travel tips!

I have a question regarding my situation, i have a Dominican Republic passport with an American Visa and a Spanish passport.

Im going to Dubai but I have to Stop in the USA and I’m a little bit stressed about what to do, why?

Scenario 1: Booking with Dominican passport and USA Visa.

1) I book the ticket with the Dominican Passport because i have my USA Visa there. And I do a check-in in the Dominican Republic. 2) In the Dominican customs I will present my Dominican passport. 2)In USA Customs I will enter with my USA visa and Dominican passport 3) I Spent a (1) day in the USA 4) By the time I have to do a check-in again to travel to Dubai I have to present my Dominican Passport but they will request a VISA and I dont need a visa with the Spanish Passport to enter Dubai, can I show in the counter my Spanish passport to the airline? 5) Customs USA will present My Dominican passport. 6) Then I have to enter Dubai with my Spanish Passport (Dont need a visa) 7) When returning i have to leave Dubai with the Spanish and then enter USA with the Dominican passport.

Scenario 2: Booking with Spanish passport

1) I book the ticket with the Spanish Passport 2) At the check-in with the airline in the Dominican Republic they will request to me an ESTA (A permit to enter the USA) but I won’t have it because I have my Visa in the Dominican, can i show my Dominican to the airline? 3) In the USA customs I have to present my Dominican passport because of the Visa, but can I do that? Booking and traveling with the Spanish but using the Dominican to enter is a problem? 4) I Spent a (1) day in the USA 5) By the time I have to do a check-in for the Dubai travel i won’t have a problem since i dont need a Visa 6) At USA customs I have to present my Dominican passport to leave the USA 7) In Dubai i have to enter with my Spanish one 8) When returning at the airline check-in they will request to me the ESTA but again i dont have it because I have a Dominican passport. Can i show them my other passport? 9) I have to leave Dubai with the Spanish one 10) I have to enter the again USA with the Dominican one.

I believe which scenario you do will depend on if you are booking the trip with Dubai as your final destination or if you are booking the trips as two separate legs – one leg is the US, then the other separate trip is from US to Dubai.

If it is all booked with Dubai as your final destination, then you should follow the second scenario, proving that you are allowed to enter your final destination visa-free, which is what interests the airlines the most. Then follow the steps that you laid out, using the passport that allows you to enter and exit each country visa-free.

If they are booked as two separate legs, I would recommend the first scenario, proving you are able to stay in the US and then showing your Spanish passport for the second leg, while exiting the US on the Dominican passport.

Honestly, I believe you will be ok in either scenario by explaining to the airline or border agent that you have all the permissions to enter and exit each country that is part of your itinerary, if they even ask you any questions! It happened to me that I was returning to Italy from the US and the ticket was booked under my US passport. The agent asked to see proof that I could travel to Italy (since she could see I had been there previously for more days than the US passport would allow me without a visa) and I was able to show her my Italian passport and explain and it was all settled by that!

I hope this helps and safe travels!

Hi Michela,

How do I retain you as a consultant?

I currently don’t offer any professional passport consultancy services but I can do my best to answer your question based off of my personal experience. You can email me at [email protected] . I however still highly suggest consulting a legal professional for anything regarding passport services!

Hi Michela, Thank you so much for you website info. However, I think I might be in a bad situation. I am looking for some advice. I am a naturalized US Citizen, (however I am originally from Colombia) This week I traveled to help out my father in Colombia. I was planning to only use my US Passport. However, when I arrived the Colombian agent asked be to show both my passports. HE then Stamped my Colombia Passport… (WHICH is Expired)… I never planned to use it. NOW I fear they will not be able to leave with my US Passport. Truly I do not know what to do… I have a family and job waiting for me to return at the end of the week. Any Advice?

Hi Mislady,

Having never been in a similar situation and not having these same two nationalities, I cannot confirm that my advice is completely correct. I can only tell you from personal experience what I think you can do and what I think the situation calls for. The most difficult part is that the Columbian passport is expired, which is where I think you could encounter the most issues.

If it weren’t expired I would tell you to show the US passport to airline agents for your return flight, the Columbian passport to border control to get your exit stamp, and then your US passport upon arrival into the US, so that you enter and exit each country using the same passports. I truly have no idea if the expiry of the passport will affect this situation and unfortunately this is the best I can think of to do having not gone through this myself and not being a legal professional.

If you can, I highly recommend you reach out directly to the border police to explain the situation to get a clear answer! Safe travels and wishing you the best.

Hi there! I have US and Bulgarian passports…and I live in the UK. I am planning a trip to the US soon and I’m very confused as to how to go about it – Do I book the flight with my American passport, which I will also show at the check in desk? But then after going through security I show my EU passport before boarding the flight?

Hi Natalia,

The general rule is to book your flight with the passport that allows you to enter the destination country in the easiest way possible, which is usually considered visa-free. In this case, you should book your trip with the US passport to show the airline you will be allowed in the country. The US passport is what you will show at the check in desk.

When you go to exit the UK aka, go through the border control in the UK, you will show whatever passport you used to enter the UK, which I am assuming in this case is your EU passport. To the airline before boarding the flight, show your US passport since that is what your ticket is booked with.

Once you arrive in the US, since you are a US citizen, you must enter and exit the US with your US passport, meaning the US passport is what you will show to customs/border control in the US.

If you buy your flight roundtrip, it will all be associated with the US passport. If you are asked by the airline on your return trip verification that you are allowed to enter the UK, you can show them your EU passport or UK residency (because of the whole Brexit thing I suggest you to confirm the rules on the official websites.) Once you get back to the UK, you will go through border control showing your EU passport!

It can be confusing and a lot of information at once, but I hope this helps!

Thanks so much for publishing; this is so helpful!

My 17 year old niece has dual US / UK citizenship. She is traveling over the holidays from the US (where she lives) to visit family in the UK.

I understand she needs to show her US passport upon exit from the US and upon entry to the US.

Is there any reason for her to use her UK passport at all? Since US citizens don’t need a visa to visit the UK for < 6 months, it seems easiest to just use her US passport through the whole trip and avoid the confusion.

Is there anything I am missing?

Hi Michelle, The only situation in which she would have to use her UK passport to enter and exit the UK (as far as I am aware) is if the UK requires it by law. For example, if you are a US citizen, you MUST enter and exit the US on your US passport, even if you have another passport that would allow you entry.

I did a quick search and it doesn’t seem like there is this rule but I highly recommend you do your own research/even reach out to a border official in the UK (a lot of times there is an email address for border police that you can contact) in order to get a direct, confirmed answer.

Otherwise if they truly don’t have this rule, then I think you would be ok to just use the US passport throughout. I hope this helps!

Hi! I’ve been reading through your entire blog post, and it is very informative. However, I’m still a bit confused. I have an EU (Polish) and US citizenship. I’m flying to Italy via Paris. From other questions I understand that when checking-in to the US-Italy flight, I should use my EU (Polish) passport, since this gives me hassle-free entrance to the EU. As I leave the US there’s only check of documents to the security belt, and at the boarding gate. So at the security belt I should show my EU passport, and same at the gate, because then they’ll know I can enter EU. Then when I land in Paris I go through the EU citizens gates and then there’s no more control. However, when I fly back, at the check-in for the return flight do I also use the EU passport? Then there will be passport control when leaving EU and at the gate (probably to ensure I can enter the US). Is it only at the gate when leaving the EU that I should show the US passport? Then when I land in the US I would also show the US passport. But then it seems I have not used the US passport at all when leaving the US. So I’m a bit confused – could you help what are your thoughts since you’ve travelled US-Italy? Which passport in the US do you show when you go through the security? Thanks a lot!

When you check in for the return flight, and this is based off of my personal experience, you will show the passport that you used to book the flight under, so the EU passport.

Here’s exactly what happened to me when I was traveling back to Italy from the US after a week stay:

I showed my US passport to the airline agent for my return flight to Italy. She could see that technically I had overstayed in Europe the 90 day visa-free period, but all I had to do was show her the EU passport and she let me through no problem. If something like this happens, as soon as you show them you are a citizen of the US, even if your whole flight is booked under the EU passport, there should be no problem.

So, when leaving the EU, you can still show your EU passport to all airline-related checkpoints and for sure at the exit passport control. If anyone asks, you can show the the US passport so that they know you are able to travel to the US.

When you leave the US, show your EU passport to airline agents since that is what the flight is booked under. If you have an exit passport control in the US, show the US passport. Then when you return and land in the US, you will show the US passport at the control.

I hope this helps makes things a bit clearer and if you have other questions, please let me know!

This is very helpful and thanks so much for posting. I have a slightly more complex situation that I hope you can help with. I have three passports (US, EU and UK) and will soon make a 12 day trip that involves stops in all three regions.

Is the following correct or should I just travel on my US passport for the whole trip?

US to EU – Use US passport EU to UK – Use UK passport UK to EU – Use EU passport EU to US – Use US passport.

Thanks, Jeremy

I always recommend traveling to each destination using the passport that will allow you into the country or zone in the easiest way. Based on your itinerary, I would think you should travel like this:

US to EU – Use EU passport because you will be entering the EU EU to UK – Use UK passport to enter the UK, EU passport when leaving the EU UK to EU – Use EU passport to enter the EU, UK passport to leave the UK EU to US – Use US passport to enter the US, EU passport to leave the EU

Let me know if I can give any more advice on the situation!

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U.S. Dual Citizenship Explained: A Complete Guide to Acquiring and Managing Dual Nationality

In 2020 alone, nearly 900,000 people obtained U.S. citizenship. Interestingly, a significant percentage of these new citizens did not relinquish their original nationality, embracing the concept of dual citizenship. This guide serves as an illuminating resource for those navigating the nuanced path of acquiring and managing dual nationality in the United States. Covering a wide array of topics, from the legal implications and benefits, to the process of obtaining dual citizenship, and how to effectively manage the responsibilities that come with it, this guide provides an exhaustive insight into the multifaceted world of dual citizenship. The concept of US dual citizenship allows individuals to be citizens of two countries simultaneously.

Understanding Dual Citizenship

Acquiring US dual citizenship can provide a plethora of benefits, including access to social services, work rights, and the ability to participate politically in two countries. To grasp the intricacies of dual citizenship, one must first understand its core definition. US Dual Citizenship, or dual nationality, refers to the legal status whereby an individual is concurrently recognized as a citizen of two countries. This recognition confers upon the person the rights and obligations of citizens in each country, such as the right to live, work, vote, and be subjected to the laws therein. This intriguing legal status comes with unique benefits and challenges, shaped by factors such as international relations, personal circumstances, and the laws of the countries involved.

Benefits of Dual Citizenship

US Dual citizenship opens up a myriad of opportunities for individuals. By being a citizen of two countries, one gains increased mobility with potentially visa-free travel, access to social services and benefits in both countries, enhanced economic opportunities, and a broader cultural experience. It also provides a safety net, allowing individuals to relocate with ease if socio-political situations deteriorate in one country. In essence, dual citizenship can broaden an individual’s personal and professional horizons by providing a more global perspective. US dual citizenship is a significant status to hold, requiring careful navigation of rights and obligations across both nations.

Considerations and Challenges

While pursuing US dual citizenship, one should be aware of the possible obligations, including potential military service and tax responsibilities in both countries. However, dual citizenship is not without its complexities. Dual citizens must navigate and adhere to the laws of two countries, which can sometimes be contradictory. For example, they might face issues concerning taxation, as some countries tax their citizens based on worldwide income. Military service is another consideration if one or both countries require it. Furthermore, diplomatic protection could be compromised in situations where a dual citizen is in the country they are not currently claiming citizenship of. Lastly, the process of acquiring dual citizenship can be lengthy and complex, requiring thorough research and potentially considerable time and financial investment.

Acquiring US Dual Citizenship

The journey towards dual citizenship in the United States is characterized by stringent eligibility prerequisites, multi-tiered pathways, and intricate bureaucratic processes. This feat requires a thorough comprehension of the conditions for eligibility, various routes to dual citizenship, and the intricate steps involved in the documentation and application processes. The following section delves deeper into these components, aiming to provide a clear and comprehensive overview for those seeking dual citizenship. The path to US dual citizenship varies depending on individual circumstances, and can be achieved through birth, naturalization, or descent from a US citizen parent.

Eligibility Criteria

Holders of US dual citizenship often have to navigate complex matters such as travel considerations, cultural integration, and family legalities across both their countries of citizenship. Navigating the path to dual citizenship in the United States necessitates a profound understanding of its eligibility criteria. Whether it’s through birthright, acquisition by descent, or the process of naturalization, each method of acquiring US dual citizenship presents its own set of conditions and requirements. This segment aims to elucidate these various criteria, providing a comprehensive outlook to those aspiring for dual citizenship.

Birthright Citizenship

Under the doctrine of “jus soli,” or the right of soil, the U.S. confers citizenship to any individual born on its soil, regardless of the nationality of their parents. This legal principle allows individuals to possess dual citizenship if their parents retain their original nationality. It’s a birthright that paves a straightforward path to dual citizenship, providing the individual with the rights and obligations of both nations from the moment of birth.

Acquisition Through Ancestry or Descent

In contrast to birthright citizenship, dual citizenship can also be obtained through the principle of “jus sanguinis,” or the right of blood. In this scenario, children born overseas to one or more U.S. citizen parents may be granted U.S. citizenship. However, the implementation of this principle is often subject to specific conditions, such as the requirement for the U.S. citizen parent to have lived in the U.S. for a certain period prior to the child’s birth. Understanding these stipulations is essential for those seeking to acquire dual citizenship through ancestry or descent.

Naturalization Process for Non-Citizens

The path of naturalization offers another avenue for non-citizens to acquire U.S. citizenship and potentially hold dual citizenship. This rigorous process involves meeting several requirements, such as having a permanent resident status for a specified duration, exhibiting proficiency in English, and demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of U.S. history and government. Upon successful completion of the naturalization process, and provided that their country of origin allows dual citizenship, individuals can retain their original nationality while simultaneously acquiring U.S. citizenship.

Pathways to Dual Citizenship

Once an understanding of the eligibility criteria for dual citizenship is established, it’s crucial to explore the various routes available to confirm this dual nationality. From acquiring the Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) and Certificate of Citizenship to undertaking the naturalization process, each pathway has its unique set of rules and procedures that must be followed diligently. US dual citizenship countries are those nations that recognize dual nationality alongside the United States.

The CRBA serves as an official declaration of the U.S. citizenship of a child born abroad to a U.S. citizen parent or parents. This document, issued by U.S. consular officers, is a critical stepping stone on the path to dual citizenship, validating the child’s status as a U.S. citizen from birth.

Another route to asserting dual citizenship is the Certificate of Citizenship. This is primarily for those who acquired U.S. citizenship after birth through a U.S. citizen parent. It’s a key document that solidifies an individual’s status as a U.S. citizen and can be instrumental in their pursuit of dual citizenship.

The naturalization process is a transformative journey for foreign-born individuals. It allows those who meet specific requirements to apply for U.S. citizenship, while also potentially retaining the citizenship of their birth country if it allows dual citizenship.

Documentation and Application Process

It is essential to check the US dual citizenship countries list to verify if the country you wish to hold dual citizenship with permits this status alongside US citizenship. To make the aspiration of dual citizenship a reality, it’s necessary to master the documentation and application process. This involves compiling necessary documents, adhering to specific filing procedures, and understanding the expected processing times and fees.

The US dual citizenship application process involves a range of steps, including the gathering of necessary documents, correctly filling out application forms, and meeting residency requirements. Essential documents include but are not limited to birth certificates, evidence of U.S. citizenship for parents (if applicable), proof of residence, and various others depending on the specific route to dual citizenship. Preparing these documents with accuracy is crucial for a successful application.

Equally important is the correct completion and filing of the necessary forms. Each pathway to dual citizenship comes with specific forms that need to be filled out and submitted to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Lastly, applicants should be aware of the time it takes for their applications to be processed and the associated fees. This requires patience and budgeting, as processing times can vary, and there are typically substantial costs involved in the application process.

Managing Dual Citizenship

To acquire US dual citizenship, one must meet specific US dual citizenship requirements, which could include proof of US nationality in a parent, evidence of birth in the US, or successful completion of the naturalization process. Securing dual citizenship is a monumental achievement, but it also ushers in a new phase where managing the intricacies of this status becomes paramount. One must understand the rights and privileges it entails in the U.S., encompassing aspects like political participation, access to services, and job prospects. This section explores these aspects in depth, aiming to provide dual citizens with a comprehensive understanding of the privileges they can enjoy.

Rights and Privileges

One of the most empowering aspects of holding dual citizenship is the ability to participate politically in both countries. As a dual citizen, one can vote in elections, run for public office, and be a part of the democratic process in both nations, amplifying their voice and influence. This allows dual citizens to contribute to the civic life of both countries and have a say in shaping their future.

Another advantage that dual citizens can relish is unrestricted access to public services, such as education and healthcare, in both the U.S. and their other country of citizenship. This opens up a plethora of opportunities. For instance, they could avail themselves of subsidized tuition rates in both countries or access different healthcare systems, depending on which best suits their needs.

Holding dual citizenship also broadens the horizon of employment and business opportunities. A dual citizen has the right to work in both the U.S. and their other country of citizenship, without needing any work permits. This freedom to work across borders can lead to a wider array of job options and career growth. Furthermore, as a dual citizen, one can also establish businesses in both countries, exploiting the unique markets and business environments they offer.

Obligations and Responsibilities

Dual citizenship, while advantageous in many ways, also entails specific responsibilities and obligations. From adhering to tax regulations and fulfilling potential military service obligations to respecting residency requirements, it’s important for dual citizens to comprehend these duties and uphold them meticulously. This section illuminates these responsibilities, providing a clear picture of what dual citizenship necessitates.

Dual citizens are typically subject to tax regulations in both the U.S. and their other country of citizenship. This might involve filing tax returns and reporting income in both countries, a process that requires a nuanced understanding of international tax laws and potential tax treaties that might be in effect between the two countries.

Navigating Dual Nationality

Traveling as a dual citizen requires careful planning. There are specific rules concerning which passport to use when traveling, and dual citizens must follow these guidelines. Typically, when entering and leaving the U.S., they should use their U.S. passport.

Dual citizenship provides the opportunity to immerse oneself in two different cultures. While this can be enriching, it also requires the ability to navigate and integrate into both societies, balancing different customs, traditions, and social expectations.

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Dual citizens

You should understand the requirements and impacts of travelling or living outside Canada while holding citizenship of another country or countries even when your Canadian citizenship is recognized.

On this page

Canadians with dual citizenship, before you go.

• While you're away

Returning to Canada

Canada allows you to have multiple citizenships while keeping your Canadian citizenship. However, not all countries do allow this. Some countries may even consider it illegal for you to have another citizenship.

Examples of ways you might have another citizenship(s):

• you were born in another country
• you have a parent(s) who was born in, or is a citizen of, another country
• you officially apply for citizenship of another country

Note: You may not even be aware that you have citizenship in another country. For example, even if you’re born in Canada, if you have at least 1 parent who is a citizen of another country, that country may see you as a citizen as well and may not recognize your Canadian citizenship.

Having dual citizenship can also impact other aspects of your personal situation. For instance:

• Child abduction and parenting or custody issues
• Marriage outside Canada

Before leaving Canada to travel to another country where you also hold citizenship: 

• make sure to understand and meet the requirements of dual citizenship for that country
• contact that country’s embassy or consulate in Canada for information on the laws and regulations relating to dual citizenship
• consult Travel Advice and Advisories for country-specific information, including about dual citizenship

It’s important that you find out if you have other citizenships if you’re planning to travel outside of Canada. You may be required to follow certain regulations or face restrictions if you hold citizenship there.

While you’re away

If you hold citizenship in another country, different entry and exit rules may apply to you, even if your Canadian citizenship is recognized there. These requirements may not necessarily apply to other Canadian travellers without dual citizenship. 

Some examples of laws and regulations you may encounter when travelling to or living in a country where you hold citizenship:

• You may need a passport issued by the country to enter, and in some cases exit, that country.
• You may need an exit visa on your passport to leave the country.
• You may need to register your Canadian citizenship upon entry or while you’re there.
• This ban could be due to investigations into you, your family or your employer. It could also be in relation to criminal and civil matters, including business disputes.
• some countries have laws requiring parental permission to exit, depending on your age, gender or marital status.
• Your nationality may have an impact on whether these rules might apply to you.
• You can be forced to register for military service. This could be imposed immediately upon arrival or when attempting to exit the country.
• You may be required to pay taxes , as any other citizen of that country.
• You may need to register your child with the country, even if the child was born in Canada.

Consider the possible laws and regulations when travelling to other countries where you do not hold citizenship. For example:

• If your Canadian passport shows you were born outside Canada, some countries may have specific entry requirements. In some cases, you may not be able to enter the country.

If your Canadian citizenship is not recognized

Limited or no access to canadian consular services.

Based on the country's laws, local authorities could be within their right to prevent Canadian consular officials from assisting you in a consular emergency. Local authorities may refuse your request to access Canadian consular services.

Renouncing your citizenship

You may be forced to give up your Canadian citizenship or be required to renounce your other citizenship.

Learn more about giving up your Canadian citizenship .

If you need help

For help with emergencies outside Canada, contact the:

• nearest Canadian office abroad
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa

If you are a Canadian with dual citizenship, you need to carry a valid Canadian passport to return to Canada by air.

This applies even if:

• the country or countries you’re travelling from require you to carry your other passport
• you’re only passing through

More information about why you need a valid Canadian passport .

Related links

• Find a foreign representative in Canada
• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC)
• Canadian passports - IRCC
• Documents that prove your Canadian citizenship - IRCC
• A Guide for Canadians Detained Abroad - Travel.gc.ca

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How to Easily Travel with Two Passports – A Guide to Understanding Dual Citizenship

Are you a dual citizen looking to travel with two different passports? Has exploring multiple countries with two separate documents confused and overwhelmed you? If so, worry no more because this guide, specifically tailored for dual citizens, will provide all the details needed to make navigating international borders with multiple nationalities effortless. Here, we’ll cover everything from obtaining dual citizenship in the first place to how it works when you get on a plane or cross border checkpoints.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

How to Travel With Two Passports?

Dual citizenship, as its name suggests, is holding citizenship in both the US and another country simultaneously. This can occur in several different ways depending on the situation. The first is by birth. If a child of a US citizen is born in another country, the child holds citizenship in both countries.

Marriage is another way that this can occur. Most countries automatically extend citizenship to people from the US who marry a person from that country. The third is by going through the naturalization process. This is where a US citizen will become a naturalized citizen.

When this happens, the person does not lose their previous status as a citizen of their home.

If you hold dual citizenship and are traveling with two valid passports, there are a number of essential things to keep in mind.

What Are The Benefits of Having a Second Passport?

The most important thing to know is that even if you are a dual citizen traveling with two completely valid passports , you will always need to travel with your United States passport at all times. You must use your US passport when you attempt to re-enter the US. The other passport is for the country where you have dual citizenship and want to enter that country.

The passport you should present when entering a country often depends on which passport you use when booking your airfare or other travel accommodations. For example, if you hold dual citizenship in France and the US, you may book your first flight with your French passport.

Then, book your return trip with your U.S. passport. In that event, you would present your French passport when you reach your destination. Hence, you’re US passport when you return home to the US. As a general rule of thumb, you should always use the passport number for the country you plan on visiting when booking any round-trip ticket.

Issuing and Renewing Passports

If you hold dual citizenship and plan on renewing or applying for a US passport , your second passport is not part of the application process. It can, however, be used as proof of your identity. Renewing your foreign passport while living in the US requires contacting your country’s embassy. Many will require you to return your current passport to complete the renewal process.

All in all, dual citizenship has many benefits, making it an attractive option. It can open the door for more opportunities to expand your career, study, and travel. Having dual citizenship also allows you to exploit two countries’ economic and political systems.

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How to get dual citizenship or nationality

Having dual citizenship, also known as dual nationality, means being a citizen of the United States and another country at the same time.

Learn about dual citizenship

Whether born an American citizen or naturalized, if you have dual citizenship, you:

• Owe allegiance to both the U.S. and a foreign country
• Must use a U.S. passport to enter and leave the U.S.
• Do not have to choose one nationality over the other. As a U.S. citizen, you may naturalize in another country without risking your U.S. citizenship.

Learn more about dual citizenship or nationality.

Get dual citizenship

Your eligibility to become a dual citizen depends on the policies of the second country where you are applying for citizenship.

Dual citizenship if you are a citizen of another country

Some countries allow people to keep their citizenship after becoming U.S. citizens, while others do not.

Contact the other country’s embassy or consulate to find out if they recognize dual U.S. citizenship.

If you qualify for dual citizenship, you must first immigrate to the U.S. Then you must become a permanent U.S. resident before being eligible for U.S. citizenship. 

Learn more about immigrating to the U.S. And find out how to become a permanent resident .

Dual citizenship if you are a U.S. citizen

If you are a U.S. citizen who is seeking dual citizenship, you must find out if the other country recognizes dual citizenship with the United States.

Contact the other country's embassy or consulate to learn if you are eligible.

LAST UPDATED: December 8, 2023

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Dual Citizenship, Explained

How to get dual citizenship in the united states.

In this guide

• What Are The Benefits of Dual Nationality?
• How to Get Dual Citizenship
• Related Information

What is dual citizenship?

Dual citizenship —or dual nationality— is when you are a citizen of two different countries at the same time. In the context of the U.S., it means you’re both a U.S. citizen and a citizen of another country. Not every country allows dual citizenship, and the rules vary among those that do.

Does the United States allow dual citizenship?

Yes, the U.S. allows dual citizenship by default. The government does not require naturalized U.S. citizens to give up their citizenship in their country of origin. Although the Oath of Allegiance to the United States speaks of renouncing “allegiance and fidelity” to other nations, U.S. immigration law does not explicitly address the topic of dual citizenship. The best summarization of the U.S. government’s position on dual citizenship lies in a U.S. Supreme Court opinion , which explains that “a person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries and be subject to the responsibilities of both.” The U.S. Department of State also has a more technical discussion of dual citizenship .

Just because the United States allows dual citizenship, however, doesn’t necessarily mean your country of origin does, too. Some countries, such as China and India , will not recognize your status as a naturalized American on their soil. You may even lose your citizenship automatically in those countries upon becoming a U.S. citizen. It’s therefore important to understand the dual citizenship rules in your country of origin before pursuing U.S. citizenship.

Not sure which visa is right for you? Take our free assessment to get a customized plan.

Having U.S. citizenship, in addition to citizenship in another country, provides many advantages that could help you meet certain goals. It’s important to be aware, however, of the obligations, you would be taking on as a naturalized American. (Our detailed guide to the rights and duties of U.S. citizens also has more information for those who seek only U.S. citizenship, not dual citizenship.)

Rights of dual citizens in the United States

You can work anywhere. You can apply for employment anywhere in the United States without first obtaining a work visa. As a dual citizen, however, you could be overlooked for certain federal jobs, which often require a security clearance and the ability to maintain confidentiality of classified state information. That could be a challenge if you’re also loyal to a nation that has conflicting interests with the United States.

You can travel without restrictions. You can travel abroad for as long as you’d like without any risk of losing your U.S. citizenship. And if you plan to stay outside of the United States for longer than a year, you won’t need a re-entry permit in order to return, as is the case for green card holders (permanent residents).

You can obtain green cards for your family. Your parents, adult children, and siblings can apply for their own green cards.

You can vote. You can vote in any U.S. election. In the United States, only citizens are allowed to vote in federal elections.

You can attend school. You can enroll in a U.S. school without a student visa and without paying international student tuition rates.

You can access public benefits, if necessary. Assuming you meet the eligibility requirements, you can apply for public benefits, including access to tuition assistance that’s available only to U.S. citizens.

Obligations of dual citizens in the United States

You must pay U.S. taxes for life. As a U.S. citizen, you must file (and pay, if necessary) U.S. income and other taxes for life — even for the income you earn outside of the United States — regardless of where you live. This means that you could owe taxes on the same income to both the United States and to your other country of citizenship unless that country has an agreement with the United States that allows dual citizens to avoid “double taxation.”

You must disclose any previous encounters with law enforcement. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officers who evaluate citizenship applications scrutinize applicants’ backgrounds very heavily. Certain types of violations , such as immigration fraud, drug abuse, or domestic violence, could expose you to the possibility of deportation. If you’re concerned about your history with law enforcement, it’s important to seek legal help before applying for naturalization.

You must serve in the military if required by law. All males who have lived in the United States or received a green card between the ages of 18 and 26 — unless they had an immigration status other than “green card holder” — are required to register with the Selective Service System . In case of war, a U.S. citizen must serve in the U.S. military (in combat or otherwise) if called upon to do so by the government.

You must serve on a jury when summoned. Jury duty is mandatory for all U.S. citizens. You may not necessarily need to serve, however. The judge and attorneys in a legal proceeding must select you as a jury panelist in order to actually serve. The selection process happens after you are summoned to court.

How can I obtain dual citizenship in the United States?

There is no application or form available to file for “dual citizenship” in the United States. Obtaining dual citizenship simply means applying for a second citizenship.

Before you apply for U.S. citizenship as your second citizenship status , it’s crucial to contact the embassy or consulate of your country of origin to find out whether that country allows dual citizenship in the first place. Otherwise, you may lose your citizenship in that country without knowing.

Once you’ve determined that your country of origin will recognize your U.S. citizenship status, you will need to make sure you’ve satisfied all naturalization requirements (unless you qualify for U.S. citizenship through a parent ). You can then begin the naturalization process by submitting Form N-400 (officially called the “Application for Naturalization”) to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Our detailed guide to the naturalization process explains the rest of the steps, eligibility criteria, requirements, costs, and more.

When should I apply for dual citizenship?

You can apply any time after meeting the eligibility requirements for naturalization , which is usually 3–5 years after getting a green card.

How long is the process?

Filing your citizenship application with USCIS is only the first step of the process. Overall, naturalization can take up to 1.6 years, depending on the USCIS field office that receives your application and how soon you start the process. (See our detailed guide to the naturalization timeline for more information.)

Unsure about which immigration path is best for you? Answer a few simple questions to get started.

Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship (or Don’t)

More than 75 percent of the world’s countries allowed dual citizenship in 2020. Their rules, however, are not uniform. The following table lists the 10 countries with the highest green card holder populations who are eligible to naturalize in the United States , as well as whether those countries recognize dual citizenship:

The above list was compiled using research from official and unofficial sources and is intended for informational purposes only. Dual citizenship laws are often complex and can change at any time. As such, Boundless cannot guarantee that the information above is accurate and/or current. It is therefore best to consult the embassy or consulate of your country of origin to learn about its most current dual citizenship policy before applying for naturalization in the United States.

In the U.S., anyone who fulfills the requirements for naturalization may be able to become a U.S. citizen. However, you should contact the embassy or consulate of the other country you hold citizenship with to see what the requirements are for your country.

In the U.S. you are eligible to vote as long as you’re a citizen and you fulfill any other requirements, such as residency and age.

If you are a U.S. citizen with more than one passport, you must use your U.S. passport to enter and leave the U.S.. If you are not traveling to the U.S., you may use whichever passport you prefer.

Being a U.S. citizen gives you all the rights and responsibilities of citizenship as listed above. If you’re a green card holder , you’ll still be able to work and live in the U.S. but you may have different obligations. For example, if you want to leave the U.S. for more than a year, you might have to apply for a re-entry permit before you leave.

Yes, you may hold citizenship in three countries. The same rules apply as for dual citizenship — not every country allows for multiple citizenships, so you would need to check whether your country of origin permits triple citizenship.

Generally, if a country allows dual citizenship it most likely allows triple citizenship. It’s best to check the embassy or consulate website of the countries to be sure.

Yes, the U.S. does allow for triple citizenship and does not require naturalized U.S. citizens to give up citizenship in their home country or other countries.

Immigration guideS

• How to Avoid Common Naturalization Traps
• How to Complete the Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)
• Supporting Documents Needed to Apply for Citizenship
• The Benefits of American Citizenship
• U.S. Citizenship Requirements
• What Is the Cost of Applying for Naturalization?
• The U.S. Citizenship Timeline
• Getting Ready for Your Naturalization Interview
• Common Questions to Expect in Your Citizenship Interview
• Getting Ready for Your Naturalization Exam
• The Oath of Allegiance Ceremony of Naturalization

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A guide to Dual Nationality and Multiple Passports

A dual nationality (or citizenship) is a legal status that means you’re a citizen of two different countries at the same time. In America, it means that you’re both a U.S. citizen and a citizen of another country, and you hold passports for both nations.

Having dual citizenship can be a great advantage. Perhaps you recently immigrated to a new country, but you still travel home frequently; with dual nationality, you can access the benefits and rights of each country. You may enjoy freedom of movement and expanded opportunities to live in either nation for education, work, and business.

However, not every country allows dual citizenship, and the rules vary among those that do. Understand the rules and nuances of applying to become a dual citizen, and decide whether it’s possible in your chosen country, and whether it’s worth any potential time and expense.

No matter what nation you belong to, you can send money to your family and loved ones, even while you’re traveling. The Western Union money transfer app is convenient and reliable, so it’s easy to transfer money between different countries and currencies.

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How to get dual citizenship

You’re automatically a citizen of the country you were born in. Your passport is tied to your citizenship, so you will hold multiple passports if you also hold dual nationalities.

The United States allows for dual citizenship whether you apply for citizenship in a country that allows it, or you’re born into it. This means that the U.S. does not require its naturalized citizens to give up their citizenship in their country of origin.

In some situations, dual citizenship can be automatically granted through birthright, such as when a child is born in the U.S. to parents who are residents of a foreign country. The child becomes a citizen of the U.S. and the birth nation that they inherit from their parents. The inverse is true for children born overseas to U.S. citizens.

Some nations require you to prove that a family member or ancestor held citizenship, and that you are a direct descendant of them. This can be an attractive option, as there are more programs today that are aimed at promoting cultural exchange between nations and those looking to honor their own roots. And in many cases, marrying a citizen of another country can lead to obtaining that country’s citizenship as well.

Advantages and disadvantages of dual nationalities

Many with dual nationalities find that they can enjoy the benefits and rights of both countries. These benefits can include obtaining green cards for family members, the right to vote in either country, or enrolling for work and school without needing a separate visa. You can also apply for public programs and financial assistance.

The advantages of dual nationalities mean that you can travel and live abroad for as long as you’d like without losing your U.S. citizenship. And unlike green card holders or permanent residents, if you live outside of the United States for over a year, you won’t need a re-entry permit in order to return.

However, the process of obtaining dual nationality can be complex and varies by country. In some cases, you may have to forfeit your original citizenship when applying to become a U.S. citizen. Major countries like China or India don’t recognize dual citizenship, and you will automatically lose your citizenship to those nations if you apply to be a U.S. citizen. Dual citizenship also comes with the chance of dual taxation in both countries.

Applying for dual citizenship is a complicated and typically expensive process that may require the expertise of an immigration lawyer to understand the requirements and legal implications. The process of obtaining any citizenship, whether you’re changing citizenship or adding dual citizenship, can cost thousands of dollars and take years, depending on your situation and how long you’ve been a permanent resident.

Multiple passports for dual nationalities

Once you become a citizen, you can apply for a passport in each country of citizenship.

Having multiple passports can come in handy to ease any travel frustrations. With multiple passports, you can avoid visa restrictions or entry/exit complications. Using different passports for different purposes can also help protect your privacy.

If you are a U.S. citizen with more than one passport, you must use your U.S. passport to enter and leave the United States—however, if you’re traveling to another country, you may use whichever passport you prefer.

Lastly, if you’re considering dual citizenship, it’s vital to know the rules and restrictions of your home and adopted countries while following the application process specific to each country. This often includes providing documentation, undergoing background checks, and paying fees.

No matter what countries you’re proud of to be a citizen, Western Union is here to make the distance feel closer. Help family members and loved ones using Western Union’s money transfer services. You can go online , download the app , or visit an agent location to send money in person.

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I claimed dual citizenship – here’s how you may be able to do it too

Dual citizenship is sometimes considered the ultimate lifehack. It opens up a ton of travel opportunities and lets you live, work, vote and own property in another country. This can make a move abroad much easier, as you don't have to worry about visas and work permits in your second "home" country.

One of the easiest ways to acquire dual citizenship is by descent. Many countries let you claim citizenship if your parents, grandparents or — in some cases — great grandparents were born in said country. There are other avenues to dual citizenship too, with some of the most popular being investment and naturalization.

Related: Why dual citizenship is one of the most powerful tools you have when traveling

I was able to claim citizenship by descent in the Czech Republic in 2016 and will discuss the process I went through in this article. After this, I'll give you a list of countries that offer citizenship alongside basic eligibility information.

Before we dive into the article though, I want to make something clear: if you decide to pursue citizenship abroad, make sure to consult a lawyer. You must understand the ins-and-outs of eligibility requirements, tax implications and other nuances before you start the process of claiming your second nationality.

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How I claimed Czech dual citizenship

I claimed Czech citizenship by descent a little over five years ago. The Czech Republic allows children and grandchildren of those born in the Czech Republic or now-defunct Czechoslovakia, so long as they are not already Slovakian citizens. As of 2014, the Czech Republic recognizes dual-citizenship, so I can hold both my U.S. and Czech nationalities legally.

Most of my mom's side of the family is still in the country, and I was lucky that my uncle is a lawyer in Prague who is familiar with the process of claiming Czech citizenship. That said, the process is still fresh in my mind, so here's a look at the process I followed to claim my citizenship and passport. It's important to understand that these are different processes, as you'll usually have to claim citizenship before you can apply for a passport.

Related: You might be able to get 2 US passports -- here's how

The process of claiming my Czech citizenship

I started the process of claiming my Czech citizenship in late 2015. I emailed my uncle in the Czech Republic, who informed me that he'd recently done the paperwork for another family member in the U.S. and was still familiar with the process. In short, I had to get a handful of documents, which included:

• My U.S. birth certificate with an apostille stamp
• My parents' marriage license with an apostille stamp
• My parents' respective birth certificates with an apostille stamp
• One grandparent's birth certificate with an apostille stamp

These documents could be the original or an official copy from the U.S. government. I got these documents from my mother and had them apostilled locally in Chicago before a trip to visit family in Prague . I brought the documents with me and — upon arrival in Prague — filled out a few forms to get my Czech birth certificate (Rodný list, in Czech). My Czech language skills are very basic, so my uncle walked me through the paperwork at his office.

We walked to an immigration office in downtown Prague and dropped off the forms and documents to be processed. We were told this would take a few weeks and that all paperwork would be mailed to my uncle's flat. My uncle informed me that my Rodný list would be all I needed to claim my Czech passport at my then-local Czech consulate in Chicago.

Related: 6 passport mistakes that could leave you stranded at the border

Applying for my Czech passport

My Czech birth certificate was processed quickly in Prague, so my uncle picked up the documents and mailed them to me. This document effectively showed that I was a full-fledged Czech citizen and could then begin the process of applying for a passport. I was living in Chicago at the time, so I checked the website for the Consulate General of the Czech Republic in Chicago to find the documents and information needed to claim my passport.

Turns out, there wasn't a ton required. I only needed to bring my newly issued Czech birth certificate, my U.S. passport or driver's license and the passport fee (cash and in U.S. Dollars). Nowadays, the Czech consulate requires a passport photo too, but this wasn't required when I applied for my passport. At the time, these were taken at the consulate. I gathered the documents and called the Czech consulate to make an appointment to register for my passport.

My first appointment at the Czech consulate was pretty simple. I walked in and met with one of the Czech consular officers — she collected my documents, payment, took my headshot and scanned my fingerprints. After some small-talk, I was told that I'd get a call when my passport was ready for pickup at the consulate. I believe that I could've had my passport mailed too, but I would have had to bring Priority Mail postage with me. A few weeks later, the consulate called my cellphone and I was given a time to pick up my passport.

All in all, this process took a little over six months between applying and receiving my passport. Since then, I've used my Czech passport when traveling to and from Europe. Like any other European Union citizen, I can use my Czech passport to enter European countries through the EU lane and stay indefinitely. This has saved me a ton of time when traveling and would — if I so chose — let me live and work anywhere in the European Union indefinitely.

Related: U.S. citizens will soon need a new travel registration to enter Europe

Countries that offer citizenship by descent

Interested in doing something similar? There are a handful of countries around the world that offer citizenship by descent — requirements vary, but it usually extends to those whose parents or grandparents were born abroad.

Below is a chart of countries that offer citizenship by descent alongside some basic requirements. Actual requirements may be more extensive, so do your own research if you think you're eligible for citizenship.

I've also included a handful of countries that offer citizenship to those who can prove cultural ties to the country. Do note that I've excluded countries that prohibit dual citizenship.

Other avenues for acquiring dual citizenship

While citizenship by descent is the easiest route to dual citizenship, there are a couple of other avenues. Here's a quick look at other ways you can acquire dual citizenship.

Related: What is the citizenship of a baby born on an airplane?

Citizenship by naturalization

Many countries will let you apply for citizenship after you're there for a set period. For example, expats are eligible to apply for Czech citizenship if they've held the right of permanent residence in the Czech Republic for at least five years (three for EU citizens) and are proficient in the Czech language. Many countries have similar laws, so it may be worth looking for a job abroad if you're interested in eventually becoming a foreign national.

Citizenship by investment

A handful of countries around the world offer citizenship to those who make substantial investments in their country, but it isn't cheap. A popular example of this is Malta — you can acquire Maltese citizenship after making a nonrefundable donation of €650,000 (~$736,000) donation to a Maltese government fund, purchase €150,000 (~$170,000) in three-year government bonds and invest at least €350,000 (~$396,000) in Maltese property to be eligible for citizenship. Malta is in the EU, so this is a popular track to effectively "buy" EU citizenship.

On the other hand, you can donate $100,000 to a government fund and purchase at least $300,000 worth of real estate to be eligible for citizenship in St. Lucia. This citizenship would let you work and live in St. Lucia and use your St. Lucia passport to travel to countries that have visa-free agreements with St. Lucia. This isn't typically worthwhile for U.S. citizens, but may be of use for those with less powerful passports.

Citizenship through religion

Some countries will let you claim citizenship if you have specific religious beliefs. For example, ethnic and religious Jews can apply for citizenship in Israel through the Law of Return. You can claim citizenship if you have a Jewish grandparent, have converted to Judaism or meet other requirements stated in the law.

Bottom line

Having dual citizenship is an incredibly powerful tool. It can make traveling and living abroad considerably easier, and it may prove to be more important than ever in a post-coronavirus world.

In this article, I showed you how I claimed Czech citizenship by descent and discussed how you can claim dual citizenship by descent. This is an incredibly privileged benefit to have, so if you're also eligible for a second nationality through descent, I highly recommend you claim it. You never know when you'll want to live and work abroad or travel somewhere that where your current passport doesn't have visa-free access. Just be sure to speak with a lawyer first so you fully understand all implications of claiming that citizenship.

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Dual Citizenship Travel Considerations

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  What is Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizenship , also referred to as multiple citizenship or dual nationality, means that a person is a citizen of two countries at the same time. Dual citizenship can happen automatically in certain circumstances as when a child is born to foreign parents in the United States. In this case, the child has birthright citizenship in both the U.S. and the parents’ home nation.

Likewise, if a person has parents that are U.S. citizens but is born overseas, they may automatically become a citizen of both the U.S. and the foreign country.

One can also apply for dual citizenship. If a foreign national has permanent resident status in the United States, for example, if they have a green card , for at least three years and have been married to a U.S. citizen, they may qualify for dual citizenship through a naturalization as a U.S. citizen.

What Countries Allow Dual Citizenship?

What precautions should i take before traveling as a dual citizen, what passport should i carry when i travel, what if i left my country under less than friendly terms, do i need an immigration attorney.

The United States does not necessarily encourage dual citizenship, but it allows a person the right to retain dual citizenship. This can happen if a person has been a dual citizen from birth or if a person becomes a citizen of another country after already having U.S. citizenship. Another possible scenario is a person who is a citizen of another nation who becomes a naturalized citizen of the U.S., while retaining their citizenship in their nation of birth.

There are a number of countries that allow dual citizenship, such as Germany, South Africa, Portugal, the Czech Republic and Turkey, to name a few. There are many that do not allow dual citizenship, such as Austria, China, Malaysia, the Bahamas, Indonesia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. In these countries, a person would automatically lose their citizenship upon becoming a citizen of another nation. If a person with U.S. citizenship should want to become a citizen of these nations, they would be required to renounce their U.S. citizenship first. . Further, there are some countries that only allow dual citizenship only with specific other nations. For example, Spain, for example, allows its citizens to be dual citizens of certain Latin-American countries, but does not allow dual citizenship for Spanish citizens with the United States.

First, a person should confirm their dual citizenship status, if there is any doubt about it. While a person may have filed appropriate paperwork for dual citizenship, it may not have been processed through to a result. In that case, a person may not be a dual citizen, and travel would be more straightforward.

If a person does in fact hold dual citizenship and plans to travel, the person should contact the nearest diplomatic office of the country to which they intend to travel to find out whether there are specific requirements that they need to meet.

American citizens often do not recognize that other nations do not provide the same rule of law that is available to citizens of the U.S. In the U.S. a person cannot be detained by the police unless there is probable cause to believe that the person has committed a crime. If a person is detained, they must be informed of the charges against them and except in the rare case, the person is able to post bail and thus obtain their release from jail pending trial.

They have a right to a speedy trial . They have a right to an attorney and if they cannot afford one, the state must provide one for them at no cost. These are significant protections embodied in our Constitution , and the same protections are not available in all nations. They are probably not available in most nations

Some issues that may arise include the following:

• Entry and Exit Requirements: When traveling to a country where a person has a second citizenship, they may be required to enter and exit on a passport from that country or present a valid identity document from that country when they enter. The U.S. does not have identity documents, but some foreign nations do and they check them upon arrival. Some countries impose specific restrictions on their departing citizens, such as the requirement that an exit visa be entered in their passport;
• Exit bans may be used to coerce a person who is not personally facing criminal charges, as a means to compel an associate or relative under investigation to return from abroad to stand trial. A person with dual citizenship who is subject to an exit ban may have no way to determine how long the exit restrictions or investigation may continue. Dual nationals subject to an exit ban or prolonged “processing” of civil documents that delay their exit may face a significant financial burden, including extended unemployment, unanticipated living expenses and fines;
• Limited Assistance Abroad: Local authorities may not recognize a person’s U.S. citizenship, especially if they do not enter a country using their U.S. passport. The U.S. embassy or consulate’s ability to provide help may be limited;
• Some countries, especially those that do not recognize dual citizenship, are not going to contact the U.S. embassy when a dual national is arrested or detained. If a person is a dual national who is arrested or detained, they should ask police or prison officials to notify the closest U.S. embassy or U.S. consulate, because they are entitled to the help of the embassy or consulate;
• Military Service: U.S. citizens with dual nationality may be subject to mandatory military service in their second nation of citizenship. This obligation might be imposed immediately upon their arrival in the country or when they are attempting to leave;
• Double Taxation: Dual nationals may be subject to taxation in the United States and in any other country where they have citizenship. This can be avoided only if the other nation and the U.S. have a tax treaty that excepts a dual national from double taxation. A dual national should consult an accountant for advice;
• Registration: Some countries may require that a person register their other nationalities;
• Other Restrictions: Some countries have laws that prohibit dual nationality and a person may be forced to give up a foreign nationality. Other countries have laws that force a person to give up your nationality through a formal act of renunciation. Even then the other nation may not recognize the renunciation.

Officials in other nations may act in ways that are not constrained by laws and constitutions. It pays to do some research and consult with an experienced immigration lawyer before attempting travel with dual citizenship.

If a person’s travel destination is their other country of citizenship, a person should travel with both their U.S. and destination’s passports. When showing your documentation to airline officials, it is best to show the same documents as those that the person would show immigration officials as well as their U.S. passport .

U.S. law requires its citizens to be in possession of a U.S. passport to show U.S. Customs and Border Patrol officials when they re-enter the country. A person should never leave the U.S. without their U.S. passport and they should have a copy of it also in case their passport is lost or stolen..

If this is the case, a person would want to exercise caution when they travel near that country, over its airspace or through its territorial waters. They should also be careful traveling to or near a third country that has an extradition treaty with a country in which a person formerly had or currently has citizenship. A person can always consult the U.S. State Department.

Dual citizenship and traveling as a dual citizen are complex issues that have specific legal obligations. For this reason, it’s a good idea to seek counsel from a skilled immigration attorney to advise you on citizenship matters and assist you in the event that any complications arise.

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Susan is a member of the State Bar of California. She received her J.D. degree in 1983 from the University of California, Hastings College of Law and practiced plaintiff’s personal injury law for 8 years in California. She also taught civil procedure in the Paralegal program at Santa Clara University. She then taught English as a foreign language for eight years in the Czech Republic. Most recently, she taught English as a second language for Montgomery County Public Schools in suburban Washington, D.C. Now she devotes her time to writing on legal and environmental topics. You can follow her on her LinkedIn page. Read More

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What Is Dual Citizenship?

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• Process for Dual Citizenship

The Bottom Line

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Dual Citizenship Advantages and Disadvantages

Read this to figure out whether dual citizenship makes sense for you

A person with dual citizenship is a citizen of two countries at the same time, which has both advantages and disadvantages because it is a complex legal status. One benefit of dual citizenship that is often cited is the ability of an individual to possess two passports; however, a potential drawback is the possibility of double taxation .

Key Takeaways

• Dual citizens enjoy certain benefits, such as the ability to live and work freely in two countries, own property in both countries, and travel between the countries with relative ease.
• Not every country recognizes dual citizenship, and you may need to renounce your birth citizenship to become a citizen of a new country.
• Drawbacks of being a dual citizen include the potential for double taxation, the long and expensive process for obtaining dual citizenship, and the fact that you become bound by the laws of two nations.
• The easiest way to become a dual citizen is by birth, although many migrants can become naturalized citizens when they move to a new country or marry a foreign spouse.
• Applying for dual citizenship is a complicated and typically expensive process that may require the assistance of an immigration lawyer.

Not all countries allow dual citizenship, but the United States does. Dual citizenship happens automatically in some situations, such as when a child is born in the U.S. to parents who are residents of a foreign country. Unless the parents are foreign diplomats, the child generally becomes a citizen of the U.S., in addition to any citizenship they inherit from their parents.

Similarly, if a child of U.S. citizens is born overseas, they may automatically become a citizen of both the U.S. and their country of birth (although this is situational because it depends on that specific country’s laws).

Dual citizenship can also be achieved through specialized legal processes, such as when a foreign national is naturalized as a U.S. citizen. In this case, that person would become a citizen of both countries, unless their home country does not allow dual citizenship.

In order to become naturalized as a U.S. citizen, a foreign national must be a permanent resident for several years, pass a U.S. citizenship test, and meet certain other eligibility requirements.

Advantages of Dual Citizenship

Political rights.

Dual citizens can participate fully in the political life of every country where they have citizenship. This includes the right to vote and stand in elections, and the right to make donations to political candidates.

Work and Travel

Unlike foreigners, dual citizens do not require a visa or permit to visit the countries where they have citizenship, and they can stay for as long as they like. They also have the right to seek work in both countries, while foreigners must pass through a lengthy process to get a work permit . They are also exempt from any restrictions on foreign businesspeople .

Social Services

Dual citizens can receive the benefits and privileges offered by each country where they are a citizen. For example, they may travel to receive medical treatment or procedures that are not available in the other country of their citizenship. They can also receive an education at the same price as domestic students.

Two Passports 

As a dual citizen, you are allowed to carry passports from both countries. For example, if you are a U.S. citizen and also a citizen of New Zealand, you can travel more easily between these two countries. Having a citizen's passport eliminates the need for long-stay visas and any questioning about the purpose of your trip during the customs process.

It also guarantees the individual in possession of two passports the right of entry to both the U.S. and New Zealand; this can be especially beneficial if you have family to visit in both countries, or if you are a student or a businessperson that either studies or conducts affairs in both countries.

Property Ownership 

Another benefit of dual citizenship is the ability to own property in either country. Some countries restrict land ownership to citizens only. As a legal citizen of two countries, you would be able to purchase property in either—or both—countries. If you travel frequently between the two countries, this might be especially useful since property ownership might offer a more economical way to live in two places.

Cultural Education

As a dual citizen, you'll reap the benefits of being immersed in the culture of the two countries. Some government officials are also fond of dual citizenship and see it as a way to promote the country's image as a prime destination for tourists. Dual citizenship offers individuals the opportunity to learn about the history of both countries, learn two (or more) languages, and experience a different way of life.

Because dual citizenship is complex and the rules and laws regarding citizenship vary between different countries, it may be in your best interest to consult with qualified experts–including accountants and lawyers–about certain purchases or decisions related to employment and your finances.

Disadvantages of Dual Citizenship

Dual obligations .

As a dual citizen, you are bound by the laws of both countries. For example, if you are a citizen of the U.S. and a country with mandatory military service, you can lose your U.S. citizenship under certain circumstances, such as if you serve as an officer in a foreign military that is engaged in a war against the U.S.

In general, U.S. policy recognizes that dual citizens might be legally obligated to fulfill military obligations abroad, and many can do so without jeopardizing their U.S. citizen status, but it is important to research each situation carefully.

Double Taxation 

For individuals who are dual citizens of the U.S. and another country, the U.S. imposes taxes on its citizens for income earned anywhere in the world. If you are living in your country of dual residence that is not the U.S., you may owe taxes both to the U.S. government and to the country where the income was earned.

However, income tax treaties between the U.S. and other countries serve to effectively reduce or eliminate an individual's tax liability in order to avoid double taxation. For example, a treaty between the U.S. and New Zealand overrides the income tax laws of each country to avoid double taxation.

Even so, dual citizens may be required to file U.S. tax returns even if they are living and earning income in New Zealand. Because tax laws are complicated and can change from year to year, it's important for individuals facing this situation to consult with a qualified tax accountant.

U.S. citizens are required to report their overseas income, even if it is earned as a foreign citizen. The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion allows U.S. citizens to exclude up to $112,000 of foreign-earned income from their taxes in 2022 ($120,000 in 2023).

Barriers to Some Forms of Employment

Depending on your career path , dual citizenship can be a disadvantage. If you are seeking a position with the U.S. government or your job requires access to information that is considered classified by the U.S. government, having dual citizenship may bar you from gaining the security clearance you need for this type of employment. Those born into dual citizenship may encounter fewer problems than those who actively sought it out. 

Complicated Process 

Sometimes dual citizenship happens automatically (for example, when a child is born in the U.S. to foreign parents). Other times, however, the process can take many years and can be extremely expensive and complicated. This can deter some people from pursuing dual citizenship.

Process for Gaining Dual Citizenship in the United States

If you were not born in the U.S. and you want to become a U.S. citizen, there are many requirements for gaining dual citizenship. In addition, the requirements for gaining citizenship in the U.S. may be different for individuals based on their circumstances and their other country (or countries) of residence.

In general, to apply for U.S. citizenship, you must have lived in the U.S. as a permanent resident–and have a permanent resident (green) card–continuously for five years (or three years if you are filing as the spouse of a U.S. citizen). Other eligibility requirements include being at least 18 years old when you apply and being able to read, write, and speak basic English.

You must also pay a fee to apply for permanent residency and then another fee to file an application for citizenship. The amount of the fee depends on what application you use and your filing category. This fee is set by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

For most people, the complicated process of gaining citizenship requires the help of an immigration lawyer. Immigration lawyers can help individuals achieve citizenship, although they also require fees for their services. To apply for permanent residency, most individuals file form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status. To apply for naturalization, most individuals file form N-400, the application for naturalization.

How Do You Become a Dual Citizen?

The shortest path to becoming a dual citizen is through birth, either by having parents with dual citizenship or by being born in a country with birthright citizenship. Otherwise, you can obtain dual citizenship by marrying someone who is a citizen of a different country than yourself, or by being naturalized as a citizen in a different country. Some countries also offer citizenship based on ancestry.

Note that not all countries recognize dual citizenship, and in some cases, you might be forced to give up your original citizenship to become naturalized.

How Do You Become a Dual Citizen of Canada?

Canadian citizenship is increasingly attractive to prospective migrants, due to the attractive social programs and advanced economy. In order to qualify for Canadian citizenship, you must be a permanent resident in Canada and have lived there for three of the past five years, as well as file taxes as required. You also have to pass a test to show an understanding of citizenship rights and responsibilities, and demonstrate language skills in English or French.

Which Passport Should Dual Citizens Use?

Each country has its own laws and restrictions about who can enter its borders, and dual citizens should consider the advantages of both passports when crossing customs. For example, if a certain destination offers visa-free travel to country A and strict visa requirements for country B, it makes sense for a dual national to use country A's passport rather than country B's. Conversely, some countries may require you to use a specific passport, if you have it. The United States requires all dual citizens to enter on their U.S. passport.

Dual citizenship is when a person is a citizen of two countries at the same time, with all the rights and privileges that come with it. Dual citizens can travel freely in both countries, as well as work, do business, own land, and do other activities that may be restricted to foreigners; however, there are also disadvantages, as dual citizens may face extra taxes or even military service.

U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs. " Dual Nationality ."

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. " Become a U.S. Citizen Through Naturalization ."

The New Zealand Government. " Dual Citizenship ."

U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs. " Advice about Possible Loss of U.S. Nationality and Foreign Military Service ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About International Individual Tax Matters ," Select "General FAQs: 1. I’m a U.S. citizen living and working outside of the United States for many years. Do I still need to file a U.S. tax return?"

Internal Revenue Service. " United States - New Zealand Income Tax Convention ," Pages 20-21.

Internal Revenue Service. " Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About International Individual Tax Matters ," Select "General FAQs: 2. I pay income tax in a foreign country. Do I still have to file a U.S. income tax return even though I do not live in the United States?"

Internal Revenue Service. " IRS Provides Tax Inflation Adjustments for Tax Year 2023 ."

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. " I Am Married to a U.S. Citizen ."

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. " Fee Schedule ," Pages 4, 12.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. " I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status ."

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. " N-400, Application for Naturalization ."

Government of Canada. " I Am A Citizen of Another Country. Will I Lose That Citizenship If I Become a Canadian? "

Government of Canada. " What Are the Requirements of Becoming a Canadian Citizen? "

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U.S. Dual Citizenship and Travel with Brazil

How does dual citizenship affect travel between the united states and brazil, do individuals with dual citizenship between the united states and brazil have any advantages in terms of visa-free travel, are there specific considerations or restrictions for us citizens with dual citizenship traveling to brazil, how do border control and immigration processes differ for individuals with dual citizenship traveling between the united states and brazil, are there any implications for the use of different passports when traveling with dual citizenship to brazil, can individuals with dual citizenship between the united states and brazil use both passports for travel, and how does that impact entry and exit procedures, do us citizens with dual citizenship face any unique challenges or advantages when going through customs in brazil, how does dual citizenship impact travel insurance coverage for individuals moving between the united states and brazil, are there any specific requirements or documentation needed for individuals with dual citizenship when traveling between the united states and brazil, do individuals with dual citizenship need to inform the authorities in brazil of their us citizenship when entering or leaving that country, how does dual citizenship affect the issuance and renewal of travel documents, such as passports, for individuals traveling to brazil, are there any restrictions on the duration of stay or frequency of visits for individuals with dual citizenship traveling between the united states and brazil, do us citizens with dual citizenship have any obligations or responsibilities when traveling to brazil, such as military service or taxation, can individuals with dual citizenship face challenges when applying for visas to countries other than the united states and brazil, how does dual citizenship impact the ability to work or study while traveling between the united states and brazil, are there specific regulations or considerations for individuals with dual citizenship who travel frequently between the united states and brazil, can individuals with dual citizenship experience difficulties when re-entering the united states from brazil, and how can these be addressed, are there any changes or updates in the travel requirements for us citizens with dual citizenship when visiting brazil, what steps should individuals with dual citizenship take to ensure a smooth travel experience between the united states and brazil, are there any travel-related issues or considerations that individuals with dual citizenship should be aware of when planning trips to brazil.

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Relinquishing U.S. Nationality

Dual Nationality

The Secretary of State is charged with “the determination of nationality of a person not in the United States,” and “shall establish such regulations; prescribe such forms of reports, entries and other papers; issue such instructions; and perform such other acts as he deems necessary for carrying out such provisions” in accordance with Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) § 104 (8 U.S.C. 1104).  The Secretary is responsible for reviewing and approving or denying a properly completed request for a Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States (Certificate of Loss of Nationality) under INA § 349(a)(1)-(5)(8 U.S.C. 1481) in accordance with INA § 358 (8 U.S.C. ). The person requesting a Certificate of Loss of Nationality must credibly establish the performance of the potentially expatriating act specified in INA § 349(a)(1)-(5) and fulfillment of all conditions before the U.S. Department of State (Department) may have a legal basis to approve the request and issue a Certificate of Loss of Nationality in the person’s name.

If a U.S. citizen submits to a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad a properly completed request for a Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States (Certificate of Loss) under INA Section 349(a)(1)-(5), the Department of State, specifically, the Bureau of Consular Affairs, must determine whether to approve or deny the request after evaluating the facts and the law.  If the Department approves the request for and issues a Certificate of Loss in the person’s name, that constitutes a final administrative determination of loss of United States nationality. However, if the Department denies the request, the person remains a U.S. national – loss of U.S. nationality is not automatic.  

Potentially Expatriating Acts

Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 349 ( 8 U.S.C. 1481 ), as amended, lists seven potentially expatriating acts which, if performed voluntarily and with the intention of relinquishing U.S. nationality, may provide a legal basis for the U.S Government to approve a U.S. national’s properly completed request for a Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States.  The U.S. Department of State administers INA Section 349(a)(1)-(5); the Department of Homeland Security administers INA Section 349(a)(6)-(7).  

349(a)(1) - obtaining naturalization in a foreign state on one’s own application after the age of 18;

349(a)(2) - taking an oath or making an affirmation or other formal declaration of allegiance to a foreign state or its political subdivisions after the age of 18;

349(a)(3) - entering or serving in the armed forces of a foreign state engaged in hostilities against the United States or serving as a commissioned or non-commissioned officer in the armed forces of a foreign state;

349(a)(4) - accepting employment with a foreign government after the age of 18 if (a) one has the nationality of that foreign state or (b) an oath or declaration of allegiance is required in accepting the position;

349(a)(5) - formally renouncing U.S. nationality before a U.S. diplomatic or consular officer in a foreign state;

349(a)(6) - formally renouncing U.S. nationality while in the United States NOTE: The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for implementing this section of the law; any inquiries about taking an oath of renunciation of U.S. nationality while in the United States should be directed to DHS;

349(a)(7) – if convicted of performing  an act of treason against the Government of the United States or for attempting by force to overthrow, or bear arms against, the Government of the United States. 

Request for Administrative Review

A person may request an administrative review of the Department’s decision to issue a Certificate of Loss of Nationality (CLN) and/or to approve or deny a request for a CLN by submitting their request in writing along with any supporting documentation to:

U.S. Department of State CA/OCS/ACS – Administrative Reviews

SA-17, Floor 10 Washington, D.C. 20522-1710

OR by email to:  Loss of Nationality – Administrative Reviews at [email protected] .

Each case will be reviewed on its own merits.  There is no specific form that must be completed; however,  requesters should provide substantial new and contemporaneous evidence regarding the facts and circumstances surrounding the performance of a potentially expatriating act under INA (a)(1)-(5), including evidence regarding voluntariness and intent to relinquish at the time of the act.  Written statements, whether by the individual themselves and/or by others with contemporaneous knowledge should be in the form of an affidavit or a statement under penalty of perjury in accordance with 28 U.S.C. 1746. 

U.S. Tax Liability

P.L. 104-191 applies to individuals who have been issued a Certificate of Loss of Nationality of the United States (CLN) based on their performance of a potentially expatriating act voluntarily and with the intent to relinquish U.S. nationality. In general, if the date of loss of nationality listed on the CLN is within 10 years immediately preceding the close of the taxable year, and if the person’s principal purpose of requesting a CLN was to avoid taxation, the person may be subject to continued U.S. taxation.

• Internal Revenue Service Instructions for Completion of Form 8854
• Internal Revenue Service Expatriation Tax

Copies of approved Certificates of Loss of Nationality of the United States are provided by the Department of State to the Internal Revenue Service pursuant to P.L. 104-191.

Questions regarding U.S. tax consequences upon a finding of loss of U.S. nationality should be addressed to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

If the  Department of Homeland Security  determines that relinquishment of U.S. citizenship is/was motivated by tax avoidance purposes, the individual may be found inadmissible to the United States under Section 212(a)(10)(E) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(10)(E) ), as amended. 

Additional Information

See also information flyers on related subject available via the Department of State,  Bureau of Consular Affairs home page . These flyers include:

• Loss of U.S. Nationality and Seeking Public Office in a Foreign State
• Loss of U.S. Nationality and Foreign Military Service
• Renunciation of United States Nationality

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Commonly Asked Questions About the Naturalization Process

USCIS has developed responses to several frequently asked questions related to the naturalization process and interview and test.

No. You can file USCIS forms yourself, including  Form N-400, Application for Naturalization , which can be  submitted online . However, some people choose to seek assistance from a lawyer or Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR)-accredited representative. 

If you decide to get legal assistance, you can start here:

• Find legal advice
• Find help in your community

Many people offer to help with immigration services. Unfortunately, not all of them are authorized or qualified to do so. If you are seeking legal help to complete your Application for Naturalization, please be aware that only attorneys and EOIR-accredited representatives can provide legal advice about which forms and documents to attach to your application, explain immigration options you may have, and communicate with USCIS about your case. For additional information, please review USCIS’ guidance on the  unauthorized practice of immigration law .

If you decide to submit Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, without legal assistance, you can find information about the naturalization application process and study materials to help you prepare for the naturalization test at the  Citizenship Resource Center . Also visit, the  N-400, Application for Naturalization , page and read the instructions.

Yes. USCIS publishes a complete list of the civics test questions. 

For the 2008 version of the civics test , a USCIS officer will ask an applicant 10 of the 100 civics test questions.

USCIS provides free educational resources to help applicants prepare for the naturalization test. Find study materials for the  2008 version of the civics test  and English language test  to help you prepare.

In addition, the  Find Help in Your Community  page allows you to search for low-cost or free citizenship classes throughout the United States.

No. However, some answers may change because of elections or appointments. As you study for the test, make sure you know the most current answers to these questions. Visit the  Civics Test Updates  page to find answers to these specific questions.

For the 2008 version of the civics test, there are 100 available civics questions on the naturalization test (PDF, 368.79 KB) , but you will not be asked to answer all of them during your naturalization interview. You will be asked up to 10 questions from the list of 100 questions. You must answer 6 questions correctly to pass the 2008 version of the civics test. 

To qualify for citizenship, generally applicants must demonstrate they have  continuously resided in the United States for at least 5 years before submitting  Form N-400, Application for Naturalization . This means you must be residing exclusively in the United States – not in any other country.

You may travel to another country, including your home country, provided no other legal impediment precludes you from doing so. However, if your trip lasts longer than 180 days, USCIS may determine that you have not continuously resided in the United States and therefore are ineligible for naturalization.

In addition to examining the length of your trip abroad, USCIS will look at the frequency of your travel. To qualify for naturalization, an applicant must spend at least half of their time in the United States. This is known as the “ physical presence ” requirement. If you take frequent, short trips abroad that result in you spending more than half your time outside the United States, then you will also be ineligible for naturalization.

The requirements of “continuous residence” and “physical presence” are interrelated but are different requirements. A naturalization applicant must satisfy each requirement to be eligible for naturalization.

No. In addition to preparing for the reading, writing, and civics portion of the naturalization test, you will need to prepare for the speaking portion of the naturalization test and meet all other naturalization requirements. The speaking test occurs during the eligibility review. USCIS offers  interactive practice tests  to help you prepare.

During your naturalization interview, a USCIS officer will review the responses you provided on your  Form N-400, Application for Naturalization , with you. The USCIS officer will ask questions to clarify or confirm your responses. Prepare yourself for the English speaking test by making sure you understand each question on the application and can respond to each question according to your situation.

You have demonstrated an ability to speak English if you generally understand and can respond accurately to the USCIS officer. Applicants may ask the USCIS officer to repeat or rephrase questions during the naturalization interview. For additional information on how USCIS officers assess English language abilities, please see the  Scoring Guidelines for the U.S. Naturalization Test (PDF, 121.39 KB) .

Certain applicants, because of age and time as a lawful permanent resident, are exempt from the English requirements for naturalization and may take the civics test in the language of their choice. For more information, see  exceptions and accommodations .

Yes. You can legally change your name after filing your application for naturalization with USCIS. If your name has changed after you filed a naturalization application, you must promptly provide USCIS with the document(s) that legally changed your name(s), such as a marriage certificate, divorce decree, court order, or other official record. Make sure to mention your name change and bring the documents related to your name change at the time of the interview.

You can also legally change your name when you naturalize. The instructions to Form N-400, Application for Naturalization , include information on what is required when you wish to change your name at the time of naturalization. At the time of the interview, the USCIS officer will record the name change request and ask you to sign a name change petition, which USCIS files with a court before the judicial oath ceremony. Upon receipt of the petition, the court signs and seals the petition. The petition is later presented to you during the naturalization ceremony as evidence of the name change. 

All name change requests facilitated through USCIS will require you to take the Oath of Allegiance at a judicial ceremony, rather than an administrative one. As far as possible delays, USCIS has little control over the judicial ceremony calendar. However, most courts are very supportive in accommodating the need for naturalization ceremonies.

Yes. You should bring certain original documents to your interview.  In the instructions to Form N-400, Application for Naturalization , USCIS provides an extensive list of examples of original documents that you should bring to the interview, depending on different case scenarios. Examples of these documents include original birth, marriage, divorce, final adoption and naturalization certificates; court orders/decrees; evidence of child support payments; court-certified arrest reports; and probation/parole records. Certain certified copies of documents can also be provided. 

You should also submit copies–preferably certified copies–of these documents at the initial filing of your application. These documents should be submitted as evidence in support of your application and will facilitate the USCIS officers’ review of your request.

Applicants for naturalization seeking an exception to the English and/or civics requirements for naturalization because of a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment are encouraged to submit this form at the time they file  Form N-400, Application for Naturalization , with USCIS. However, USCIS recognizes that certain circumstances may prevent concurrent filing of the naturalization application and the disability exception form. Accordingly, an applicant may file the disability exception form during any part of the naturalization process, including after the application is filed but before the first examination, during the first examination, during the re-examination if the applicant’s first examination was rescheduled, and during the rehearing on a denied naturalization application.

The decision on your Form N-648 will be made at the time of your naturalization interview. If your Form N-648 is found to be sufficient, and the licensed medical professional who completed your Form N-648 indicated on the form that you were unable to comply with all of the educational requirements, the officer will conduct the eligibility interview in your language of choice with the use of an interpreter and will not test you on any of the educational requirements.

If your Form N-648 is found to be sufficient, and the licensed medical professional indicated on the form that you were unable to comply with only some of the educational requirements, the officer will administer the tests for the other requirements.  You will be permitted to use an interpreter if the medical professional indicated that you were unable to comply with the English speaking requirement.

If your Form N-648 is found to be insufficient, the officer must proceed with the eligibility interview in English and administer all portions of the English and civics testing as if you had not submitted Form N-648.

While one’s lawful permanent resident status does not expire, barring naturalization or termination of status, a lawful permanent resident must have valid, unexpired proof of lawful permanent residence in their possession at all times. Applying for naturalization does not change this requirement. However, effective Dec. 12, 2022, a naturalization applicant who properly submits Form N-400 will receive a Form N-400 receipt notice that, when presented with their Green Card, automatically extends the validity of the Green Card for 24 months from the “Card Expires” date. This receipt notice must be presented to show that your Green Card, which is proof of your lawful permanent resident status, has been extended, such as for purposes of employment or travel authorization. If you have been issued a Form N-400 receipt notice that automatically extends the validity of your Green Card, but it has been lost or destroyed, then you generally must file Form I-90 to renew your expiring Green Card. For more information on renewing your Green Card, visit  uscis.gov/green-card/after-we-grant-your-green-card/replace-your-green-card  or  uscis.gov/i-90 .

Unless you are eligible for an exception to the English or civics requirements, you will be given two opportunities to meet the English and civics requirements. If you fail any portion of these requirements, you will be retested during a new interview on the portion of the test that you failed (English or civics) between 60 and 90 days from the date of your initial interview.

There is no limit to the number of times you can apply for naturalization, but you must pay the filing fee for each Form N-400 you submit to the agency.

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Philippine Consulate General

The Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE CONSULATE GENERAL

New york, usa.

dual citizenship (ra 9225)

Republic act 9225 otherwise known as the citizenship retention and reacquisition act of 2003 (more popularly known as the dual citizenship law) enables former natural-born filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country to retain/reacquire their philippine citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance to the republic of the philippines before a philippine consular officer. upon retaining or reacquiring their philippine citizenship, they shall enjoy full civil, economic and political rights as philippine citizens..

TABLE  OF CONTENTS

How to Apply

Requirements for Principal Applicant

Requirements for Each Dependent Child (below 18 years old)

Petition for Inclusion of Dependent/s under RA 9225

Next Step/s After Issuance of Dual Citizenship Papers (For Principal and Dependent Child who is former natural born-Filipino)

Next Step/s After Issuance of Dual Citizenship Papers (For Dependent born in the US to parents who were already US citizens at the time of child’s birth)

Downloadable Forms

Dual Citizenship FAQ

Natural-born Filipinos are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. These are persons:

1. Born after January 17, 1973, whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines at the time of their birth; 2. Born before January 17, 1973 to a: a. Filipino father; or b. Filipino mother and that person elects Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

Under the principle of derivative citizenship, unmarried children below eighteen (18) years of age, whether legitimate, illegitimate, or adopted, of former Filipino parents who retained/reacquired their Philippine citizenship under this law, may also be deemed Philippine citizens, if they are included as dependents in the parent’s application for retention/reacquisition of Philippine citizenship, and the requisite fees paid

HOW TO APPLY

Step 1. set up an appointment, step 2. proceed to the consulate on the appointment date and time.

Wearing a face mask at all times inside the premises of the Philippine Center is recommended.

STEP 3. Proceed to the Consulate for interview/Oath-taking on your booked appointment for the following:

• Bring a printed copy of the e-receipt;
• Bring original and submit two copies of required documents, including required photos;
• Interview; and
• Oath-taking (takes place once in the afternoon for all approved applicants).

CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR PRINCIPAL APPLICANT

A. two (2) duly accomplished dual citizenship application forms.

Download an Adobe-fillable dual application form  here .

For instruction on how to fill out the form, please click here .

Applicant must not sign the application. This must be signed before a Consular Officer during your appointment.

B. PSA Birth Certificate 

One original and two (2) photocopies of the Birth Certificate issued by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA or formerly National Statistics Office/NSO). 

If you do not have a PSA-authenticated birth certificate, you can order one online through http://www.psaserbilis.com.ph OR the applicant may wish to designate a representative to secure it from the PSA and send it via courier.

If there is no record of birth with the PSA, check first with the local civil registrar (LCR) where the birth took place.  If LCR birth record is available, the LCR should forward/endorse its copy to the PSA.  If LCR does not have a copy of applicant’s birth record, the applicant or his/her duly appointed representative may apply for late registration of birth at the local civil registrar at the place of birth.

The applicant should request for a PSA-authenticated birth certificate once the LCR have endorsed the applicant’s birth record to the PSA.

C. Latest Philippine Passport (if available)

Original and two (2) photocopies of the data page of latest Philippine passport.

D. PSA Marriage Certificate / US Marriage Certificate

Required for married women.  One original and two (2) photocopies.  Please see above on how to secure a PSA-issued document.

E. Death Certificate 

Required for widow.  One original and two (2) photocopies.

F. Divorce Decree or PSA Marriage Certificate with Annotation on Divorce

Required for applicant who has previous marriages or divorced. One original and two (2) photocopies

G. US Naturalization Certificate

Original and two (2) photocopies.

If the original is not available, applicant must obtain a digital copy from the US Citizenship and Immigrant Services (USCIS).

This can be requested through their website: www.uscis.gov/FOIA

H. Valid US Passport

Original and two (2) photocopies of the data page of the valid US passport. 

I. Applicant’s Photos

On appointment date, bring three (3) colored, identical 2″x 2″ photos, with plain white background. Applicant must not be wearing eyeglasses.

J. Notarized Affidavit of Explanation on How You Attained US Citizenship

Required for adult applicants who were included as dependents when their parent/s were naturalized. Attach to the affidavit a copy of your US Certificate of Citizenship (if available) and the US Naturalization Certificate of your parent/s. Click here to download affidavit.

REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH DEPENDENT CHILD (BELOW 18 YEARS OLD)

(Personal Appearance not necessary)

For minor children born in the US: (a) if the principal applicant was already a US citizen at the time of the birth, the child/ren should be included as dependents in the petition.

(b) If at least one parent was still a Philippine citizen when the child was born, there is no need to include them as dependents in the petition. Their birth has to be reported to the Consulate instead.

For reporting a birth of a child born under our jurisdiction, please click here: http://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/civil-registration/report-of-birth-of-a-filipino-abroad/

A. PSA Birth Certificate / US Birth Certificate

One original and two (2) photocopies of the Birth Certificate issued either by the PSA/NSO or US Vital Records. 

B. Latest Philippine Passport (if available)

C. us certificate of citizenship (if available).

Original and two (2) photocopies

D. US Passport (if available)

E. child’s photos.

On appointment date, bring three (3) colored, identical 2″x 2″ photos, with plain white background. 

PETITION FOR INCLUSION OF DEPENDENT/S UNDER RA 9225

If the principal applicant already applied for dual citizenship and failed to include dependent children in the application, he/she may file a petition for inclusion of dependent children who are under 18 years of age and unmarried.

Requirements: 

• Duly accomplished Petition for Inclusion of Dependents Application Form  . To download the the form click here: newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Petition-for-Inclusion-of-Dependents-Under-RA-9225-1.pdf
• One (1) Original and two (2) photocopies of Petitioner’s Dual Citizenship papers (Oath of Allegiance, Identification Certificate, & Approval Order)
• Two (2) pieces of dependent child’s 2″ x 2″ photograph with white background taken not more than 3 months before the date of application.
• One (1) piece of principal’s 2″ x 2″ photograph with white background taken not more then 3 months before the date of application.
• Original and two (2) photocopies of dependent child’s birth certificate.
• Two (2) photocopies of dependent child’s valid foreign passport bio-page.
• Two (2) photocopies of petitioner’s valid passport bio-page and have the original passport ready for vetting.

The Consular Officer reserves the right to require additional documents from the informant or applicant when necessary.

Next steps after issuance of dual citizenship papers, 1. principal applicant and dependent child*.

*Dependent Child born to Filipino parent/s and became naturalized US citizen.

(Optional) Apply for Philippine passport.

As a dual citizen, it is not mandatory to apply for a Philippine passport.  You may use your US passport when travelling to the Philippines. You simply have to present your dual documents to the Philippine Immigration Officer as proof of Philippine citizenship, per the Bureau of Immigration’s  Operation Order No. SBM-2014-045 dated 30 September 2014  which is in force and still in effect.  Incoming Filipinos may present a valid PHL passport, Identification Certificate or a Certificate of Re-acquisition / Retention of PHL Citizenship to be admitted as Philippine citizens.  

Individuals who have just retained/reacquired their Philippine citizenship and who wish to apply for a Philippine passport will need to make a separate application and submit the requirements as specified in  “passport for dual or newly-registered PH citizens”.

Requirements for application for a new passport may be found here:    http://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/consular-services/

To secure an appointment for passport application, visit www.passport.gov.ph.

2. For Dependent Child**

**Born in the US whose parents were already US citizens at the time of child’s birth.

Report the birth to the appropriate Philippine Embassy/Consulate which has jurisdiction over the place of birth.

Click here for information about requirements and procedure in reporting the birth. 

Apply for a Philippine Passport

The child is eligible to apply for a Philippine passport immediately after reporting the birth to the appropriate Philippine Embassy or Consulate.

Click  here  for information about requirements and procedure in applying for Philippine passport. 

DOWNLOADABLE FORMS

• Dual Citizenship Application Form (Rev.2020)
• Petition for Inclusion of Dependents Under RA 9225

Dual Citizenship Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

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These Five Countries Will Give You a Passport Based on Your Ancestry

W ho knew? With some time and possibly solid research, you may just be a citizen of another country besides the United States and you never even really thought about it. It’s all about your bloodlines.

While many Americans have a clear knowledge about their dual citizenship because of where they were born or where their parents are, etc. many of us may not even realize the option is there, but it is.

Just so you know, dual citizenship means more than just getting a passport from that country according to the Simplemost website. Other perks include healthcare, education subsidies, and loosened travel restrictions to name a few.

Nearly 10 percent of the U.S. population identifies as fully or partially Irish American according to Conde’ Nast Traveler . You qualify if you have at least one parent or grandparent with Irish citizenship and in some cases, a great-grandparent born on the Emerald Isle works, too. Ireland’s passport is one of the world’s most powerful according to Conde’ Nast Traveler so click here for more.

Nearly 16 million Americans identify as Italian American and if you have a mother or father who was an Italian citizen at the time of their birth then it’s time to work on that dual citizenship. If you can prove that you have Italian grandparents, great-grandparents, and even great-great-grandparents that works, too according to Conde’ Nast Traveler. Click here.

If you have a parent, grandparent, or great-grandparent born in Poland or one of its territories after 1918 when Poland became independent, you may qualify for dual citizenship. the only catch according to Conde’ Nast Traveler is that the family tree must be unbroken. This means if somewhere along the line family members didn’t acquire Polish citizenship, you’re out of luck. Find your info here.

If you were born after 1975 and one of your parents was a legal German citizen then you’re eligible. If you were born before 1975 your father must be a legal German citizen. If you can prove that at least one grandparent or great-grandparent was German even if their citizenship was stripped under Nazi rule then you’re eligible according to Conde’ Nast Traveler so click here for more info.

You’re eligible for dual citizenship if one of your parents was born here. How easy is that? Also, according to Simplemost, you can get dual citizenship if you’re ethnically Jewish and that includes anyone who has converted to Judaism. Click here to start the process.

That family tree research may be even more valuable than you thought.

Click here to view photo gallery