well visit for 2 year old

The 2-Year-Old Checkup

Medical review policy, latest update:.

Medically reviewed to ensure accuracy.

The physical checkup

Developmental milestones, more about your toddler, 2-year-old vaccines, questions to ask your doctor.

Believe it or not, the time of frequent well-baby visits is coming to an end. After taking your child for another appointment around her half birthday (when she's 30 months old), you'll book a 3-year checkup . Trusted Source American Academy of Pediatrics AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits See All Sources [3] From then on, it’s just a single yearly visit.

Updates history

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KENNETH W. LIN, MD, MPH, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia

Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(6):362-364

More than two-thirds of practicing family physicians report that they provide care for children, 1 and well-child visits provide the best opportunities to deliver evidence-based preventive services. These services include administering immunizations, assessing growth and development, and counseling children and parents about behavioral issues, nutrition, exercise, and prevention of unintentional injury. 2

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently updated its recommendations on preventive health care for children, 3 which define a set of services that, under the Affordable Care Act, must be covered by Medicaid and private insurers at no out-of-pocket cost. 4 The current AAP Bright Futures guideline (available at http://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/practice-support/Periodicity/Periodicity%20Schedule_FINAL.pdf ) includes three screening tests that were not recommended for all children in previous versions: autism screening at 18 and 24 months of age, cholesterol screening between nine and 11 years of age, and annual screening for high blood pressure beginning at three years of age.

It should be noted that none of these screening tests are included in the American Academy of Family Physicians' (AAFP's) list of recommended preventive services for children ( Table 1 ) . 5 The AAFP's clinical preventive services recommendations are generally consistent with those of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The USPSTF methods for developing recommendations include performing a systematic evidence review of the benefits and harms of a preventive service, and recommending that the service be provided to the general population only after consistent data from high-quality randomized controlled trials or other prospective studies establish that the benefits exceed the harms. 6 This rigorous approach to the development of clinical practice guidelines has been endorsed by the Institute of Medicine. 7 In contrast, few AAP policy statements on well-child care are supported by direct evidence of net health benefit. 8 , 9

The rationale for the AAP's recommendation to routinely screen toddlers for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) with ASD-specific screening tools is to advance the time of diagnosis and deliver early interventions. 10 Although a systematic review of 40 studies found that a policy of universal screening for ASD increased rates of diagnosis and referral, the effects of such policies on time of diagnosis or enrollment in services are unclear. 11 The entire body of evidence that intensive behavioral interventions improve language skills and cognitive or functional outcomes in children with ASD consists of a single randomized controlled trial and several prospective cohort studies of varying quality. 12 , 13

The AAP recommends measurement of blood pressure and cholesterol levels in children to identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and to provide early interventions to reduce future risk. However, no studies have evaluated whether treating primary hypertension in persons younger than 18 years reduces adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. 14 , 15 Similarly, evidence is lacking that lowering cholesterol levels with lifestyle changes or medications improves cardiovascular outcomes, and long-term statin use is associated with rare but serious harms. 16 , 17

Time is a precious clinical resource. Clinicians who spend time delivering unproven or ineffective interventions at health maintenance visits risk “crowding out” effective services. For example, a national survey of family and internal medicine physicians regarding adult well-male examination practices found that physicians spent an average of five minutes discussing prostate-specific antigen screening (a service that the AAFP and the USPSTF recommend against because the harms outweigh the benefits 18 ), but one minute or less each on nutrition and smoking cessation counseling. 19 Similarly, family physicians have limited time at well-child visits and therefore should prioritize preventive services that have strong evidence of net benefit.

editor's note: Dr. Lin is associate deputy editor of AFP Online and chair of the Subcommittee on Clinical Practice Guidelines of the AAFP's Commission on the Health of the Public and Science. Because of Dr. Lin's dual roles, two other medical editors independently reviewed this editorial for publication.

Bazemore AW, Makaroff LA, Puffer JC, et al. Declining numbers of family physicians are caring for children. J Am Board Fam Med. 2012;25(2):139-140.

Riley M, Locke AB, Skye EP. Health maintenance in school-aged children: part II. Counseling recommendations. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(6):689-694.

Simon GR, Baker C, Barden GA, et al. 2014 recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):568-570.

American Academy of Pediatrics. Bright Futures. http://brightfutures.aap.org . Accessed August 20, 2014.

American Academy of Family Physicians. Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services. July 2014. https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/clinical_recommendations/cps-recommendations.pdf . Accessed August 20, 2014.

Melnyk BM, Grossman DC, Chou R, et al. USPSTF perspective on evidence-based preventive recommendations for children. Pediatrics. 2012;130(2):e399-e407.

Graham R, Mancher M, Wolman DM, et al., eds. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust . Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.

Moyer VA, Butler M. Gaps in the evidence for well-child care: a challenge to our profession. Pediatrics. 2004;114(6):1511-1521.

Belamarich PF, Gandica R, Stein RE, Racine AD. Drowning in a sea of advice: pediatricians and American Academy of Pediatrics policy statements. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):e964-e978.

Johnson CP, Myers SM American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120(5):1183-1215.

Daniels AM, Halladay AK, Shih A, et al. Approaches to enhancing the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53(2):141-152.

Warren Z, McPheeters ML, Sathe N, et al. A systematic review of early intensive intervention for autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):e1303-e1311.

Reichow B, Barton EE, Boyd BA, Hume K. Early intensive behavioral intervention (EBI) for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD009260.

Chiolero A, Bovet P, Paradis G. Screening for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents: a critical appraisal. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(3):266-273.

Thompson M, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Blazina I, Norris SL. Screening for hypertension in children and adolescents to prevent cardiovascular disease. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):490-525.

Grossman DC, Moyer VA, Melnyk BM, Chou R, DeWitt TG U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The anatomy of a U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation: lipid screening for children and adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(3):205-210.

Psaty BM, Rivara FP. Universal screening and drug treatment of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. JAMA. 2012;307(3):257-258.

Moyer VA U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. Preventive Service Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(2):120-134.

Pollack KI, Krause KM, Yarnall KS, Gradison M, Michener JL, Østbye T. Estimated time spent on preventive services by primary care physicians. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:245.

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Bright Futures Information for Parents: 2 Year Visit

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family.

How Your Family Is Doing

Take time for yourself and your partner.

Stay in touch with friends.

Make time for family activities. Spend time with each child.

Teach your child not to hit, bite, or hurt other people. Be a role model.

If you feel unsafe in your home or have been hurt by someone, let your health care professional know. Hotlines and community resources can also provide confidential help.

Don’t smoke or use e-cigarettes. Keep your home and car smoke-free. Tobacco-free spaces keep children healthy.

Don’t use alcohol or drugs.

Accept help from family and friends.

If you are worried about your living or food situation, reach out for help. Community agencies and programs such as WIC and SNAP can provide information and assistance.

Your Child's Behavior

Praise your child when he does what you ask him to do.

Listen to and respect your child. Expect others to as well.

Help your child talk about his feelings.

Watch how he responds to new people or situations.

Read, talk, sing, and explore together. These activities are the best ways to help toddlers learn.

Limit TV, tablet, or smartphone use to no more than 1 hour of high-quality programs each day.

It is better for toddlers to play than to watch TV.
Encourage your child to play for up to 60 minutes a day.

Avoid TV during meals. Talk together instead.

Talking and Your Child

Use clear, simple language with your child. Don’t use baby talk.

Talk slowly and remember that it may take a while for your child to respond. Your child should be able to follow simple instructions.

Read to your child every day. Your child may love hearing the same story over and over.

Talk about and describe pictures in books.

Talk about the things you see and hear when you are together.

Ask your child to point to things as you read.

Stop a story to let your child make an animal sound or finish a part of the story.

Toilet Training

Begin toilet training when your child is ready. Signs of being ready for toilet training include

Staying dry for 2 hours
Knowing if she is wet or dry
Can pull pants down and up
Wanting to learn
Can tell you if she is going to have a bowel movement

Plan for toilet breaks often. Children use the toilet as many as 10 times each day.

Teach your child to wash her hands after using the toilet.

Clean potty-chairs after every use.

Take the child to choose underwear when she feels ready to do so.

Make sure your child’s car safety seat is rear facing until he reaches the highest weight or height allowed by the car safety seat’s manufacturer. Once your child reaches these limits, it is time to switch the seat to the forward- facing position.

Make sure the car safety seat is installed correctly in the back seat. The harness straps should be snug against your child’s chest.

Children watch what you do. Everyone should wear a lap and shoulder seat belt in the car.

Never leave your child alone in your home or yard, especially near cars or machinery, without a responsible adult in charge.

When backing out of the garage or driving in the driveway, have another adult hold your child a safe distance away so he is not in the path of your car.

Have your child wear a helmet that fits properly when riding bikes and trikes.

If it is necessary to keep a gun in your home, store it unloaded and locked with the ammunition locked separately.

What to Expect at Your Child's 2.5 Year Visit

We will talk about:

Creating family routines
Supporting your talking child
Getting along with other children
Getting ready for preschool
Keeping your child safe at home, outside, and in the car

Helpful Resources:

National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-7233
Smoking Quit Line: 800-784-8669
Information About Car Safety Seats: www.nhtsa.gov/parents-and-caregivers
Toll-free Auto Safety Hotline: 888-327-4236

Consistent with Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, 4th Edition

The information contained in this webpage should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances. Original handout included as part of the Bright Futures Tool and Resource Kit, 2nd Edition.

Inclusion in this webpage does not imply an endorsement by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The AAP is not responsible for the content of the resources mentioned in this webpage. Website addresses are as current as possible but may change at any time.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not review or endorse any modifications made to this handout and in no event shall the AAP be liable for any such changes.

Last Updated

American Academy of Pediatrics

2-Year Checkup: Your Toddler at 2 Years

This visit will probably go more smoothly than the 18-month one because your 2-year-old will be more interested in the whole business. It's easier and more enjoyable for her to talk to the doctor or nurse who examines her.

At This Visit, Your Provider Will Probably:

Weigh and measure your child.

Provide insights into your child's physical and emotional development.

Answer any questions you may have about surviving the " terrible twos ."

Discuss toilet training, preschool, and child care.

Your Provider Will Want To Know:

Has your child seen another healthcare provider since the last visit? If so, why? What was the outcome of that visit, and were any medications or treatments prescribed?

How many words does your toddler know? Can she use two-word phrases?

Does she imitate you? Does she play with trucks or dolls?

Can she kick a ball? Can she walk up and down the stairs using both feet or one foot at a time?

Is she shy around strangers, at least at first?

Can she follow a story and name pictures in a book?

Can she follow a two-step command?

Is there a family history of heart attacks before age 50? If so, there may be some testing of your child's fat balance that needs to be done at this time.

Is she extremely fearful and/or does she have a hard time with other children?

Talk It Over

Although most 2-year-olds are not potty-trained (no matter what your mother or mother-in-law says), you may have started the training process. Keep in mind that you shouldn't rush toilet training. Forcing the matter usually ends up frustrating everyone, and doesn't get the diapers off any sooner.

Dental care is a big concern at this age. Ask for a referral to someone who works well with children. Ask about fluoride.

If you're having a hard time limiting TV or screen time or if you find yourself using it as a babysitter, ask for some help. Habits are shaped now.

If your child is extremely fearful and/or has a hard time with other children, ask for advice.

Major changes can stress you and affect your toddler. If you're moving, having a new baby, going back to work, or dealing with a loss or serious illness, your child may be affected. Your provider may also be able to suggest resources for you and your family to help with the situation.

There are many programs that can help you cope with the challenges you face with a growing child. Your provider can help you find one.

Your busy toddler will probably bruise his shins and bump his head. If you have any concerns about your child's injuries, tell your provider immediately. She or he can look at the bumps and bruises and tell you whether they appear to be from normal activities.

Also, Let Your Healthcare Provider Know if Your Child:

Isn't putting together two-word sentences or phrases.

Doesn't point at pictures in books and name at least some of the pictured objects.

Doesn't run or is very unsteady on his feet.

Doesn't understand two-step commands such as "Get your shoes and bring them to me."

Doesn't throw or kick a ball.

Can't stack more than two blocks.

Doesn't know how to scribble on paper with large crayons. Most kids can draw a crude circle at this age.

Still has trouble swallowing table food.

Can't be understood or get his message across to strangers half of the time.

Is very fearful generally, or in particular situations or with particular people.

Is doing anything that you think is odd or unusual.

Remember that all children develop and learn at their own pace, and try not to worry. Discuss any questions with your healthcare provider to ensure all is going well for your little one.

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Well-Child Visit Handouts

Parent and patient handouts from the Bright Futures Tool and Resource Kit , 2nd Edition, address key information for health supervision care from infancy through adolescence. Bright Futures is a national health care promotion and disease prevention initiative that uses a developmentally based approach to address children’s health care needs in the context of family and community.

See Handouts by Language for well-child visit handouts up to 2 years of age translated into Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hmong, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Somali, and Vietnamese.

NEW! September 2022: Bright Futures: Health Equity Resources for Health Care Professionals This compendium of resources was created for pediatric health care professionals to address the impact of racism, bias, and discrimination on the health and well-being of their patients and families.

Handouts are accessible with a subscription. For more information about a subscription, please e-mail [email protected] )

Parent Handouts

Bright Futures Parent Handout: First Week Visit (3 to 5 Days) English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 1 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 6 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 12 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 18 Month Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Year Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2½ Year Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 3 Year Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Year Visit English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 5 and 6 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 7 and 8 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 and 10 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 11-14 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15-17 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Patient Handouts

Bright Futures Patient Handout: 7 and 8 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Patient Handout: 9 and 10 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Patient Handout: 11-14 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Patient Handout: 15-17 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

Bright Futures Patient Handout: 18-21 Year Visits English PDF | Spanish PDF

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Health Library 2-and-a-half Year Well-Child Visit

Find another condition or treatment, healthy child development and behavior.

Below are milestones most children will reach between now and 3 years of age. Talk with your doctor at your child’s next well-visit if your child is not yet reaching these milestones or there are skills your child no longer shows each day.

Social and Emotional Milestones

Calms down within 10 minutes after you leave them, like at childcare drop off
Notices other children and joins them to play

Language and Communication Milestones

Talks with you in conversation using at least two back-and-forth exchanges
Asks “who,” “what,” “where” or “why” questions, like “Where is the dog?”
Says what action is happening in a picture or book when asked, like “running,” “eating” or “playing”
Says first name, when asked
Speaks clearly enough for others to understand, most of the time

Thinking and Learning Milestones

Draws a circle, when you show them how
Avoids touching hot objects, like a stove, when you warn them

Physical Development Milestones

Strings items together, like large beads or macaroni
Puts on some clothes by themselves, like loose pants or a jacket
Uses a fork to feed themselves

Healthy Ways to Help Your Child Learn and Grow

Development.

Consider a preschool program for your child to help promote social and emotional development. All children can benefit from early childhood education.
Look for ways to be active together as a family. Visit parks, zoos, museums and other places that help your child learn.
Listen carefully when your child speaks. Repeat what is said using correct grammar.
Read books together every day and talk about the pictures. Sing to your child often.
Play with puzzles and blocks to encourage sorting and problem-solving. Name the shapes and colors as you play. Encourage “pretend play” by providing dress-up clothes and toys like dolls, cars or play telephones.
Offer your child a choice between two simple options, when possible, to avoid power struggles. (For example, “Time to get dressed. Do you want to wear the blue shirt or the red shirt?”)
Teach your child to help with simple chores, such as putting laundry in a basket or picking up toys. Praise your child for helping.
Give your child time to play with other children. Help your child learn to take turns and use their words to solve problems when playing with others. Children at this age usually play well next to each other, but often need practice learning to share toys.
Use positive words and give your child more attention and praise for good behavior. Limit attention or ignore unwanted behavior.
Teach your child how to talk about feelings.
Give water and 16–24 ounces of whole milk each day. Avoid sugary drinks like juice.
Offer a variety of healthy foods at mealtimes. Let your child decide how much to eat. Children of this age may not eat the same amount each day.

Toilet Training

Around 2 or 3 years old, look for signs your child is ready for toilet training, such as being able to stay dry for two hours, knows if they are wet or dry, can help pull pants down and up, can say when a bowel movement (poop) is coming, and is excited to learn.
Offer praise for sitting on the potty every one–two hours. Read books about toilet training.

Digital Media Use

Children learn best by talking and playing. Limit screen time to one hour of high-quality, educational programs each day. It’s best if you watch together with your child so you can talk about what they’re seeing and use it as an opportunity to teach.
Avoid putting any type of screen, such as a TV or iPad, in your child’s bedroom.

Water Safety

Drowning is the leading cause of injury and death among children ages 1–4 years. Drowning is silent and can happen quickly. Do NOT leave your child alone near any water (including bathtubs, toilets, pools, ponds, whirlpools). Install a four-foot-tall fence with a self-closing and self-latching gate around home pools. Empty buckets, play pools and tubs when you’re finished using them. Learn more about water safety.

Vehicle Safety

Keep your child’s car seat rear facing in the backseat until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by the car seat manufacturer. When one of those limits is reached, install the seat in the forward-facing position in the backseat. Learn more about car seat safety and installation.

Home Safety

Have your child wear a fitted helmet while riding a bike or trike.
Never leave your child alone inside or outside your home. Keep your child away from moving cars or machinery.
Encourage your child to sit when eating and to chew food very well to prevent choking.
Keep cords, latex balloons, plastic bags and small objects, like coins, marbles and batteries, away from your child. Be aware of small electronics that use button batteries and keep them out of reach (for example, remote controls, key fobs, calculators, musical greeting cards, flashing holiday jewelry). Learn more about swallowing hazards.

This information is to support your visit with your child’s doctor. It should not take the place of the advice of your pediatrician.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bright Futures (4th Edition) by the American Academy of Pediatrics

Last Updated 06/2023

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Make Time for Well-Child Visits

As a busy mom, you’re juggling it all―dashing from work to soccer practice to dance class, fitting in birthday parties, teacher conferences, and family dinners around the kitchen table. While it may feel tough to fit it all in, here’s something you don’t want to skip: well-child visits. Recommended for infants, children, and teens, these medical appointments are the time for vaccinations, important health screenings, a check of your child’s development, and for you to ask questions and voice concerns.

Kids who skip well-child visits are more likely to fall behind on the vaccines they need to stay healthy. As a result, they may face higher odds for pneumonia and other infections that need hospital treatment.

Heed the tips below to make scheduling and keeping well-child visits easier, and to help you make the most of them.

Know when to go. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends well-child visits for babies and young toddlers at 3 to 5 days old, then at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months. Starting at age 3, kids and teens need one preventive-care visit every year through age 21.

Make scheduling (and remembering) a cinch. Take advantage of appointment reminders―by phone, text, or email―offered by the pediatrician’s office. Schedule well-child appointments at the same time each year, such as before the start of school, to help you remember. And always say “yes” if office staff offer to schedule your child’s next well visit while you’re already there. This convenience boosts the chances you and your child will keep this important appointment.

Understand the big wellness benefits. Unlike sick visits, where the focus is on diagnosing and treating illness, every well-child visit covers a wide range of health needs, depending on your child’s age. These include:

A physical exam

Checks of vision, hearing, cholesterol, and blood pressure at recommended ages, plus autism screening

An assessment of your child’s emotional health

For teens, time for confidential conversations that may include assessments for alcohol and drug use and high-risk behavior

Keep up with your rapidly growing child. Kids’ minds and bodies grow quickly. Well visits help you keep pace with what they need now. Most of these appointments last 11 to 20 minutes or even longer. That gives you time to talk about topics like:

Healthy eating

Physical activity

How your child’s doing in school, at home, and in activities

Strengthen your partnership with the doctor. Chat away! Conversations with your child’s pediatrician or family doctor at wellness visits are a great way to build a relationship that can enhance your child’s health. By speaking freely, you’re adding more information to your child’s health history and helping the doctor better understand his or her wellness needs.

Get set for success. Make the most out of every visit. Before your appointment, jot down three to five questions about your child’s well-being that you’d like to discuss.

A Child's First Dental Visit Fact Sheet
Well Child/Baby Visit Questionnaires
Child Wellness Checkups

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Doctor visit: The two-year checkup

You can expect your child's doctor to:

Weigh and measure your child to make sure she's growing at a healthy rate .
Check her heart and breathing.
Check her eyes and ears.
Measure your toddler's head size to keep track of her brain growth.
Give your child any immunizations she missed at her previous checkups.
Address any concerns about your child's health, including how to spot symptoms of ear infections , colds , and the flu .
Answer any questions you may have about toilet training , discipline, or, if your child has brothers or sisters, sibling rivalry .
Offer insight into your child's development , temperament, and behavior.
Screen for anemia and lead poisoning with a blood test if your child has any risk factors.
Ask about plans for preschool or organized activities.
Watch your child walk to check her gait and coordination.

Questions the doctor may ask:

How is your child sleeping? Most kids this age sleep about 11 hours at night and nap for about two hours during the day. Some kids may have given up naps altogether, preferring instead to sleep in one long nighttime stretch. If your child has been waking up with nightmares, tell your doctor. Nightmares and night terrors are common at this stage, but your doctor may suggest ways you can comfort your child.
How is your child eating? Until now you may have been able to limit the amount of sugary foods your child eats, but as he spends more time around other kids – in daycare or at playdates, for example – he's probably becoming more interested in sampling junk food. If you find yourself constantly battling his sweet tooth, speak to the doctor, who may have some healthy snack suggestions for you or may be able to ease your concerns about your child's diet.
How is toilet training going? Most kids have started toilet training at this point, although many haven't mastered it yet. Your doctor may have some advice on easing the transition out of diapers.
Have you noticed anything unusual about the way your child walks? Many children walk knock-kneed at this age because their legs are still developing, but the problem usually resolves itself around age 7.
Is your child physically active? By now a toddler has more control over his arms and legs, and is better coordinated overall. He should be able to kick a ball effortlessly, build block towers, climb furniture, jump, and walk up and down stairs. Make sure he has plenty of opportunities to move and explore.
What new words is he learning? Most kids this age have discovered the word "why." Sometimes all he wants is an explanation, and other times he's merely trying to continue his conversation with you. His vocabulary is expanding, and he'll be trying out new words every day. The doctor may test your child's language abilities by asking him questions. Two-year-olds typically have a vocabulary of 50 to 100 words and are starting to put two words together.
Does he respond to two-step commands? Two-year-olds are usually mature enough to understand and follow two-step directions such as "Go to your room and grab your bear" or "Go to Daddy and give him a hug." If your child doesn't follow your commands, or appears not to hear you , tell the doctor.
What games does he like to play? The activities your child enjoys give the doctor insight into how he's developing. Many kids this age enjoy putting together simple puzzles, scribbling on paper, sorting objects by color, and filling and emptying boxes.
Have you noticed anything unusual about your child's eyes or the way he looks at things? Learn about eye examinations and how to spot potential problems.
Has he seen a dentist? The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children see a dentist after their first birthday. If your child hasn't been to the dentist yet, now is the time.

What's next?

Find out what's in store for you at the 30-month doctor visit .

Was this article helpful?

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Your 23-month-old's language and cognitive development: An exploding vocabulary

Where to go next

mom holding baby in lap during doctor visit

Important Milestones: Your Child By Two Years

CDC’s milestones and parent tips have been updated and new checklist ages have been added (15 and 30 months). For more information about the updates to CDC’s developmental milestones, please review the Pediatrics journal article and these important key points .

How your child plays, learns, speaks, acts, and moves offers important clues about your child’s development. Developmental milestones are things most children (75% or more) can do by a certain age.

Check the milestones your child has reached by 2 years by completing a checklist with CDC’s free Milestone Tracker mobile app, for iOS and Android devices, using the Digital Online Checklist , or by printing the checklist [1 MB, 2 Pages, Print Only] below.

“Learn the Signs. Act Early.” materials are not a substitute for standardized, validated developmental screening tools .

What most children do by this age:

Social/emotional milestones.

Language/Communication Milestones

Close this video

Cognitive Milestones (learning, thinking, problem-solving)

Movement/physical development milestones, notices when others are hurt or upset, like pausing or looking sad when someone is crying.

Tries to use switches, knobs, or buttons on a toy

Plays with more than one toy at the same time, like putting toy food on a toy plate

Kicks a ball

Walks (not climbs) up a few stairs with or without help

Eats with a spoon

Other important things to share with the doctor…

What are some things you and your baby do together?
What are some things your baby likes to do?
Is there anything your baby does or does not do that concerns you?
Has your baby lost any skills he/she once had?
Does your baby have any special healthcare needs or was he/she born prematurely?

Concerned About Your Child’s Development? Act Early.

You know your child best. Don’t wait. If your child is not meeting one or more milestones, has lost skills he or she once had, or you have other concerns, act early. Talk with your child’s doctor, share your concerns, and ask about developmental screening. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be screened for general development using standardized, validated tools at 9, 18, and 30 months and for autism at 18 and 24 months or whenever a parent or provider has a concern.

If you or the doctor are still concerned:

Ask for a referral to a specialist who can evaluate your child more; and
Call your state or territory’s early intervention program to find out if your child can get services to help. Learn more and find the number at cdc.gov/FindEI .

For more on how to help your child, visit cdc.gov/Concerned .

As your child’s first teacher, you can help his or her learning and brain development. Try these simple tips and activities in a safe way. Talk with your child’s doctor and teachers if you have questions or for more ideas on how to help your child’s development.

Help your child learn how words sound, even if he can’t say them clearly yet. For example, if your child says, “or nana,” say “You want more banana.”
Watch your child closely during playdates. Children this age play next to each other, but do not know how to share and solve problems. Show your child how to deal with conflicts by helping her share, take turns, and use words when possible.
Have your child help you get ready for mealtime, by letting him carry things to the table, such as plastic cups or napkins. Thank your child for helping.

Click here for more tips and activities

Give your child balls to kick, roll, and throw.
Give toys that teach your child how to make things work and how to solve problems. For example, give her toys where she can push a button and something happens.
Let your child play dress up with grown-up clothes, such as shoes, hats, and shirts. This helps him begin to pretend play.
Allow your child to eat as much or as little as she wants at each meal. Toddlers don’t always eat the same amount or type of food each day. Your job is to offer her healthy foods and it’s your child’s job to decide if and how much she needs to eat.
Have steady routines for sleeping and feeding. Create a calm, quiet bedtime for your child. Put on his pajamas, brush his teeth, and read 1 or 2 books to him. Children this age need 11 to 14 hours of sleep a day (including naps). Consistent sleep times make it easier.
Ask your child’s doctor and/or teachers about toilet training to know if your child is ready to start. Most children are not able to toilet train until 2 to 3 years old. Starting too early can cause stress and setbacks, which can cause training to take longer.
Use positive words when your child is being a good helper. Let him help with simple chores, such as putting toys or laundry in a basket.
Play with your child outside, by playing “ready, set, go.” For example, pull your child back in a swing. Say “Ready, set….”, then wait and say “Go” when you push the swing.
Let your child create simple art projects with you. Give your child crayons or put some finger paint on paper and let her explore by spreading it around and making dots. Hang it on the wall or refrigerator so your child can see it.
Use positive words and give more attention to behaviors you want to see (“wanted behaviors”), than to those you don’t want to see. For example, say “Look how well you’re eating with your spoon.”
Let your child play with sand toys or plastic containers, spoons, or a funnel in the tub or in a sandbox.
Help your child do simple puzzles with shapes, colors, or animals. Name each piece when your child puts it in place.
Encourage your child’s curiosity and help her learn and explore new things. Take her to the park, take walks, or go on a bus ride.
Sing songs, such as “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes,” to teach names of body parts. After singing it a few times, see if your child sings some of the words when you touch a body part and wait.
Limit screen time (TV, tablets, phones, etc.) to no more than 1 hour a day of a children’s program with an adult present. Children learn by talking, playing, and interacting with others.
Encourage your child to play with blocks. Take turns building towers and knocking them down.
Ask your child to help you open the drawer when you put away clothes or open the door when you go outside.

Special acknowledgments to the subject matter experts and others who contributed to the review of data and selection of developmental milestones, especially Paul H. Lipkin, MD, Michelle M. Macias, MD, Julie F. Pajek, PhD, Judith S. Shaw, EdD, MPH, RN, Karnesha Slaughter, MPH, Jane K. Squires, PhD, Toni M. Whitaker, MD, Lisa D. Wiggins, PhD, and Jennifer M. Zubler, MD.

Sincere gratitude to Natalia Benza, MD and José O. Rodríguez, MD, MBA for their thoughtful review of the Spanish-language translation of these milestones.

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Autotext Dot Phrases for Cerner EHR

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Well Child Check: 2 year old

SUBJECTIVE:

2yo _ here for well child check. No parental concerns at this time.

REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:

- Diet: No concerns. Weaned from bottle.

- Voiding/stooling: No concerns. Working on toilet training.

- Sleeping: No concerns. Has regular bedtime routine.

- Dental: Weaned from the bottle. + brushes teeth with help. Has already been to the dentist.

- Behavior: No concerns.

- Activity: Screen/TV time is limited to < 2 hrs/day.

Normal pregnancy and delivery. No surgeries, hospitalizations, or serious illnesses to date.

DEVELOPMENT:

- Gross motor: Walks up/down steps, able to kick a ball, jumps in place, throws a ball overhand.

- Fine motor: Turns a page one at a time, removes clothes, stacks 5-6 blocks.

- Cognitive: Follows 2-step commands, scribbles, names items in pictures, uses spoon and cup well.

- Social/Emotional: Copies adults, plays pretend, plays well alongside other children.

- Communication: Able to put 2 words together, knows 20+ words.

- Autism Screening: MCHAT score: _. Seems to interact with others well. Makes eye contact.

- Enjoys pretend play. Orients to name. Points and gestures socially. Using 2-word phrases.

- No smokers in the home.

- No major social stressors at home.

- No safety concerns in the home.

- Daytime child care is with _

- No TB or lead risk factors.

IMMUNIZATIONS:

- Up to date.

- VITALS: _

- GEN: Normal general appearance. NAD.

- HEAD: NCAT.

- EYES: PERRL, red reflex present bilaterally. Light reflex symmetric. EOMI, with no strabismus.

- ENMT: TMs, nares, and OP normal. MMM. Normal gums, mucosa, palate. Good dentition.

- NECK: Supple, with no masses.

- CV: RRR, no m/r/g.

- LUNGS: CTAB, no w/r/c.

- ABD: Soft, NT/ND, NBS, no masses or organomegaly.

- GU: Normal _male genitalia. Testes descended bilaterally.

- SKIN: WWP. No skin rashes or abnormal lesions.

- MSK: Normal extremities & spine.

- NEURO: Normal muscle strength and tone. No focal deficits.

GROWTH CHART: Following growth curve well in all parameters. BMI at _ percentile.

ASSESSMENT/PLAN:

* Healthy 2yo toddler

- CBC and lead level ordered.

- The family was given a children’s book today (per “Reach Out and Read” program).

- MCHAT done today - No concerns.

- The family was given a list of dentists in the county who take MediCal.

- Follow up at 2.5 years of age, or sooner PRN.

- ER/return precautions discussed.

* Vaccines today:

- Influenza

* Anticipatory guidance (discussed or covered in a handout given to the family)

- Safety: Street/car safety, water safety, toxins, gun safety.

- Booster seat required by law until 8 yrs old or 4’9”

- Food: Picky eating, fortified 2% milk, limiting juice and junk/fast food.

- Development: Toilet training, limiting screen time.

- Discipline: Praising wanted behaviors, tantrum management, time outs, setting limits, routines, offering choices, don’t expect sharing.

- Speech: Normal speech dysfluency, importance of reading to child.

- Dental care and fluoride; dental visits

- Sleep: Nightmares, sleep hygiene

- Hazards of second hand smoke

Encounter Notes

2-year-old Arizona boy dies after bounce house goes airborne in strong gust of wind

A 2-year-old boy died in a “tragic accident” after a bounce house went airborne in Arizona on Saturday, authorities said.

The incident occurred around 5 p.m. near Casa Grande, a city about 50 miles south of Phoenix, the Pinal County Sheriff’s Office said in a statement.

“Several children were playing in a bounce house when a strong gust of wind sent it airborne into the neighboring lot,” the sheriff’s office said. “A two-year-old child was transported to the hospital where he passed away.”

Bodhi Naaf smiles for a photo with his parents Karl and Cristy.

A second child was hospitalized with injuries that were not considered life-threatening.

“This appears to have been a tragic accident,” the sheriff’s office said.

The child’s parents were identified as Karl and Cristy, according to a verified GoFundMe page. Karl is a firefighter in Phoenix, and the dead child was identified as Bodhi, the webpage said.

The couple is set to welcome its second child in late May, according to the GoFundMe page.

“This devastating loss has left Karl and Cristy grappling with unimaginable grief,” the fundraiser said. “Amidst their sorrow, they face the daunting task of preparing for the arrival of their newborn.”

Attempts to reach the couple Tuesday afternoon through the fundraising account were unsuccessful.

A Phoenix fire spokesperson confirmed in a statement that the couple has ties to the department, which is providing them support.

“We are all devastated by this tremendous loss of life,” the statement said. “The fire service prides itself on being one big family. Our membership and our department are doing everything we can to support Karl and Cristy during this difficult time.”

Antonio Planas is a breaking news reporter for NBC News Digital.

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Ahead of visit to Israel, US's Blinken presses Hamas to accept new proposal for Gaza cease-fire

APTOPIX Israel Palestinians Relatives and supporters of the Israeli hostages held in the Gaza Strip by the Hamas militant group call for their release during a protest in Tel Aviv, Monday, April 29, 2024. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg) (Ohad Zwigenberg/AP)

CAIRO — (AP) — The United States stepped up pressure Monday for a cease-fire deal in Gaza as the secretary of state said a new proposal had been put to Hamas, whose officials were in Cairo talking to Egyptian mediators. Israeli airstrikes killed 26 people in Gaza's southernmost town of Rafah, according to hospital records.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, ahead of a visit to Israel this week , urged Hamas to accept the latest proposal, calling it "extraordinarily generous" on Israel's part.

The terms were not made public. But according to an Egyptian official and Israeli media, Israel has softened its position, lowering the number of hostages it demands that Hamas free during the initial six-week phase of the cease-fire in return for the release of hundreds of Palestinians from Israeli prisons.

One question is whether that will be enough to overcome Hamas concerns over the cease-fire's second phase.

Hamas has demanded assurances that an eventual release of all hostages will bring a complete end to Israel’s nearly seven-month assault in Gaza and a withdrawal of its troops from the devastated territory. Israel has offered only an extended pause, vowing to resume its offensive once it is over. The issue has repeatedly obstructed efforts by U.S., Egyptian and Qatari mediators during months of talks.

Some Israeli commentators depicted Israel as at a crossroads: Go for a deal with a potential end to the war, bringing benefits that could include normalization of ties with Saudi Arabia, or push ahead with plans including an attack on Rafah in the hope of crushing Hamas and risk international isolation.

Israel's closest ally, the United States, and others have repeatedly warned against an offensive on Rafah, saying it would bring a surge in casualties and worsen a humanitarian catastrophe . More than 1 million Palestinians have sought shelter in Rafah after fleeing fighting elsewhere.

Israel's offensive in Gaza has killed more than 34,000 people.

Overnight and Monday morning, Israeli strikes flattened at least three homes where extended families of Palestinians were gathered. The dead included nine women and six children, one them just five days old, according to hospital records and an Associated Press reporter.

“Everyone was sleeping in their beds," said Mahmoud Abu Taha, whose cousin was killed with his wife and their year-old baby in a house where at least 10 died. “They have nothing to do with anything.”

Egypt has stepped up mediation efforts for a cease-fire deal in hopes of averting an assault on Rafah, on Gaza's border with Egypt.

An Egyptian official said Israel has lowered the number of hostages it wants freed in the first stage, down from earlier demands for 40. He did not specify the new number. Israeli media said it now seeks the release of 33 hostages in return for the release of some 900 Palestinian prisoners. Hamas is believed to hold around 100 Israelis in Gaza.

Israel has also shown flexibility on allowing residents to return to northern Gaza, the Egyptian official said, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the internal talks.

There was no immediate comment from Hamas or Israeli officials.

Netanyahu has repeatedly rejected stopping the war in return for hostage releases and says an offensive on Rafah is crucial to destroying the militants after their Oct. 7 attacks on Israel that triggered the fighting. His government could be threatened if he agrees to a deal, since hardline Cabinet members demand an attack on Rafah.

At the same time, Netanyahu faces pressure to reach a deal from families of hostages.

On Monday, the families of two hostages — Keith Siegel and Omri Miran — urged both sides to reach an agreement, days after Hamas released a video showing the men.

“I appeal to Sinwar, please approve this deal. And to the members of the (Israeli) Cabinet, please approve any deal,” said Omri’s father, Dany Miran, referring to Yehiya Sinwar, the top Hamas official in Gaza. He spoke at a news conference in a Tel Aviv square where supporters of hostage families regularly hold rallies.

Israeli officials, meanwhile, appeared increasingly concerned that the International Criminal Court may issue arrest warrants against the country's leaders.

It was not clear what sparked the concerns. The ICC launched a probe three years ago into possible war crimes committed by Israel and Palestinian militants going back to the 2014 Israel-Hamas war. The probe is also looking at Israel's construction of settlements in occupied territory the Palestinians want for a future state.

There was no comment from the court on Monday, and it has given no indication warrants in the case are imminent.

But Israel’s Foreign Ministry said late Sunday that it had informed Israeli missions of “rumors” that warrants might be issued against senior political and military officials. Netanyahu said Friday that Israel “will never accept any attempt by the ICC to undermine its inherent right of self-defense.”

Neither Israel nor the United States accept the ICC's jurisdiction, but any warrants could put Israeli officials at risk of arrest in other countries. They would also serve as a major rebuke of Israel's actions at a time when pro-Palestinian protests have spread across U.S. college campuses .

The International Court of Justice, a separate body, is investigating whether Israel has committed acts of genocide in the ongoing war in Gaza, with any ruling expected to take years. Israel has rejected allegations of wrongdoing and accused both international courts of bias.

In the Hamas-led attack on Oct. 7, militants stormed through army bases and farming communities across southern Israel, killing some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and taking around 250 hostages. Israel's air, sea and ground offensive in Gaza has killed at least 34,488 Palestinians, mostly women and children, according to Gaza's Health Ministry , which does not distinguish between civilians and combatants in its tally.

Israel blames the high civilian death toll on Hamas because the militants fight from dense, residential areas. The military says it has killed over 12,000 militants, without providing evidence.

The war has driven around 80% of Gaza's population of 2.3 million from their homes and pushed northern Gaza to the brink of famine .

Associated Press writers Michael Corder in The Hague, Netherlands; Ellen Knickmeyer in Washington; and Matthew Lee in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, contributed.

Follow AP's coverage of the war at https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war

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Ages & Stages

Your checkup checklist: 2 ½ years old (30 months).

At 2 ½ years old, your toddler will have built on all of the skills that were beginning to blossom at age 2 . Physically, children this age have more control over their bodies. They can jump with both feet, run and slow quickly to a stop. They can take off some clothes, and use their fingers to turn doorknobs and pages of a book.

The way they play is more advanced as well. Children this age love to act out things they see family members do. They may pretend to feed a doll or talk on a phone. They like routine and order, lining up toys and even categorizing them. They may request the same story at bedtime over and over. Children this age like to play independently but also collaborate sometimes. They may play next to other children one moment, and with them the next.

Your child may have more to say these days, as 30-month-olds use words more to communicate. Their vocabulary has expanded to about 50 words , and they use phrases of two or more words. They may name what they see in a picture book if you point and ask, "What is this?"

Besides performing a complete physical exam and asking you about your concerns, the pediatrician will focus on language and social development at the 30-month checkup . Here's what else to expect at this visit:

✅ Immunizations

At 30 months, most children are caught up with vaccinations. Your pediatrician will recommend the influenza (flu) vaccine if it's flu season, and likely will discuss the latest Covid-19 guidelines. Any missed or delayed vaccines will be given. See " Vaccines Your Child Needs by Age 6 ."

✅ Health Screenings

Your pediatrician will perform a physical exam and plot your child's growth on a CDC Growth Chart . Your child's coordination, use of words, and socialization will be observed. The pediatrician will be looking to see how you and your child communicate, and what questions and phrases your child uses. If the child doesn't yet have a dentist, a fluoride varnish may be applied to their teeth. The pediatrician may ask about any emergency room visits , and assess risk for hearing and vision problems.

✅Developmental Screenings

Keep in mind that not all children reach milestones at the same time, but don't wait out any concerns. If your child does not meet CDC developmental milestones , or is losing skills, share your concerns and ask about developmental screening. Complete a CDC milestone checklist or use the milestone tracker app . Early action ensures your child will have access to interventions like speech therapy. States offer Early Intervention programs including evaluations, therapies, and other services for children under age three. Some services are free.

Social development also is important at this age. Your pediatrician may ask how often your child plays with other children and how playtimes go. Playdates and playgroups are good ways to promote social development if your toddler isn't in child care or preschool.

Questions your pediatrician may ask

Does your child engage in imaginary play with toys?

Can your child name at least one color?

Is your child able to grasp a crayon with their thumb and finger, rather than making a fist?

What new things is your child doing now? Can your child catch a large ball?

Is your child using a potty or toilet?

Does your child try to get you to watch them by saying "Look at me!"

Tell me about your child's personality? What are favorite things, people, and activities?

Questions you may have

I need advice for potty training problems .

What should I look for in a preschool ?

How do I handle separation anxiety ?

When should we start swim lessons ?

My child has a stutter . What do I need to do?

How much sleep does my child need?

✅Feeding & Healthy Nutrition

Just like two-year-olds, this age should have three meals, and one to two snacks a day. Provide healthy food, and then allow your child to choose how much to eat. Offer drinks in cups, and encourage the use of utensils.

What routines do you have for meals?

Is your child using a cup? Can your child spear food with a fork?

How many cups of water and milk is your child drinking each day?

How much food should I be offering my child?

How can I get my child to eat more fruits and vegetables ?

What snacks are choking hazards?

My child doesn't like certain foods. Should I keep offering them ?

Could my child have a food allergy ?

Is my child overweight ? If so, what can I do ?

Can I start giving my child screen time ?

As your child is more mobile, you may have more questions about safety. Your pediatrician will be concerned about car seat safety, water safety, and outdoor safety. Unintentional injury is the number one cause of death in young children.

Does your child wear a helmet when riding as a passenger on a bike?

How do you keep your child safe around water ?

Do you supervise your child around animals ?

How do you supervise your child outside to keep them safe?

What kind of car seat should we be using?

How can I keep my child safe at the playground ? What about the playset in my backyard ?

How do I handle a dental emergency ?

✅ Communication Tips

One of your pediatrician's top priorities is to answer your questions and address your concerns. Don't hesitate to ask about your child's health, development, or behavior. Your pediatrician can offer advice on further evaluations if they are needed, and refer to specialists if warranted. Also, if your pediatrician is unable to see your child, but thinks care is necessary, they will let you know how quickly your child needs medical attention and advise you where to go.

More information

Safety for Your Child: 2 to 4 Years
Drowning Prevention for Curious Toddlers: What Parents Need to Know
How to Raise Concerns About a Child's Speech and Language Development
How to Shape & Manage Your Young Child's Behavior
AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits
Important Milestones: Your Baby By Thirty Months (CDC)

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Biden meets 4-year-old Abigail Edan, an American who was held hostage by Hamas

FILE - People walk past an image of 4-year-old Abigail Edan, a hostage held by Hamas, projected onto a building in Tel Aviv, Nov 26, 2023. Edan’s parents were both killed by Hamas militants in the same attack in which she was kidnapped, a cross-border assault Oct. 7 that prompted Israel to declare war on Hamas. President Joe Biden has met at the White House with Abigail Edan. (AP Photo/Ariel Schalit, File)

President Joe Biden speaks to the North America’s Building Trade Union National Legislative Conference, Wednesday, April 24, 2024, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)

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WASHINGTON (AP) — President Joe Biden met Wednesday with Abigail Edan, the 4-year-old American girl who was held hostage in Gaza for several weeks at the start of the war.

White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan said the White House meeting with Abigail and her family was “a reminder of the work still to do” to win the release of dozens of people who were taken captive by Hamas in an Oct. 7 attack on Israel and are still believed to be in captivity in Gaza.

Abigail, who has dual Israeli-U.S. citizenship, was taken hostage after her parents were killed in the attack and was released nearly seven weeks later. She was the first U.S. hostage freed by Hamas as part of a deal with Israel to exchange hostages for Palestinian prisoners early in the war. Abigail turned four during her time in captivity.

“It was also a reminder in getting to see her that there are still Americans and others being held hostage by Hamas,” said Sullivan, who attended Biden’s meeting with the girl and her family. “And we’re working day in, day out to ensure all of them also are able to get safely home to their loved ones. ”

AP AUDIO: Biden meets 4-year-old Abigail Edan, an American who was held hostage by Hamas.

At a news conference, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan says the president hosted 4-year-old Abigail Edan and her family. ((Edan is pronounced eh-DAHN’)

Israel says the militants are still holding around 100 hostages and the remains of more than 30 others.

Israeli soldiers gather near the Israeli-Gaza border in southern Israel before they enter Gaza Strip, Wednesday, May 1, 2024. (AP Photo/Ohad Zwigenberg)

Biden spoke to the girl soon after her release in November. Thursday’s meeting was one of mixed emotions for the president.

Sullivan noted that Abigail and her two siblings were “still living with the tragedy and the trauma” of their parents being killed on Oct. 7.

“Abigail, of course, is living with the trauma of being held captive for many weeks,” he added. “But this was a moment of joy as well, because she was able to be returned safely to her family. ”

Biden’s meeting with Abigail came as Hamas on Wednesday released a recorded video of an Israeli American still being held by the group.

The video was the first sign of life of Hersh Goldberg-Polin since Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on southern Israel. It was not clear when the video was taken.

Goldberg-Polin, 23, was at the Tribe of Nova music festival when Hamas launched its attack from nearby Gaza. In the video, Goldberg-Polin is missing part of his left arm.

Witnesses said he lost it when attackers tossed grenades into a shelter where people had taken refuge. He tied a tourniquet around it before being bundled into the truck.

Sullivan said U.S. law enforcement officials are assessing the video but declined further comment.

Doctors Every Woman Needs

There are several doctors that women should see annually to ensure general wellness and prevent future health concerns.

This article is based on reporting that features expert sources.

Doctors That Women Should See

A woman's health care needs change throughout life. Still, consistent care from a trusted primary care provider, obstetrician-gynecologist and other specialists can help ensure that you get treatment for lifelong health concerns and help prevent future health issues.

When talking about women’s health, finding the right doctors is essential. Whether you're looking for regular checkups, prenatal care, preventive screenings, birth control guidance, pregnancy care or help with menopausal issues, having doctors who can adapt to a woman's unique and evolving needs is important.

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Here are the main types of doctors women should visit regularly for their health, as well as some other specialists that you want to include as part of your health care team.

Doctors a Women Should See

Women's health is a broad category that includes health issues that are unique to women, such as menstruation and pregnancy, as well as conditions that affect both men and women, but that may affect women differently, such as heart disease and diabetes. Because women’s health encompasses so many conditions and activities, it typically requires seeing multiple types of doctors.

1. Primary care provider, PCP

A PCP is a health professional who handles your overall care needs. This person provides a bird's eye perspective, as opposed to focusing on just one organ system or medical problem like a specialist would, says Dr. Evelyn Darius, an Atlanta-based primary care physician for the telehealth platform PlushCare.

Dr. Chantel Strachan, a primary care physician with Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York, says, "We are a person's 'home base,' assisting them in navigating our health care system."

Here are some of the things that a PCP can do for you:

Check your vital signs, like your temperature, blood pressure and heart rate. Abnormal vital signs can alert your provider to a potential health problem.
Order lab tests for routine screenings , like cholesterol . The screenings you need will change as you age and your risk for problems like diabetes or heart disease increases.
Order cancer screening tests based on your age and medical history. This could include tests like a mammogram and bone density test.
Manage chronic disorders such as high blood pressure , thyroid disorders and diabetes.
Refer you to specialists as needed for in-depth care in specific areas of medicine. Examples of this might include a specialist in urogynecology or fertility .
As you get care from other specialists, your primary care provider can help coordinate the care and make sure that you follow through on any recommendations, such as a recommended surgery or simply a follow-up appointment in six months.
Review medications, or over-the-counter supplements , to ensure that they are right for you.
Provide immunizations .
Screen for depression and other mental health issues.
Educate you on various health concerns and ways to prevent future health problems.
Provide you updated information on vaccination against and prevention of COVID-19 .

In many cases, this person's title is primary care physician. However, nurse practitioners or physician assistants also can serve in this role, and in most states they work under the supervision of a physician. If your medical history is complex, it’s best that you work under the care of a physician.

You can find a primary care provider in several ways:

Read online patient reviews. Use the doctor finder tool from U.S. News , which lets you search for a doctor by location, years of experience, patient reviews, insurance coverage and more.
If you have health insurance, find out who in your area is covered under your plan.
Ask friends or family for recommendations.

Some questions that a patient should ask their primary care provider about their health:

Am I due for any bloodwork, vaccines or boosters? This includes, but is not limited to, the latest COVID booster .
Am I due for any cancer screenings?
Am I due for my bone density test?
How can I quit smoking ?
How can I improve my lifestyle?
Should I be taking any vitamins or supplements ?
Is my current list of medications right for me?
I have a family history of heart disease or diabetes . Are there any steps I can take to reduce my risk?
What steps can I take to maintain/obtain a healthy weight ?
Am I at risk for certain conditions based on my own personal or family history?
Do you perform gynecologic screenings?
Do you do telehealth visits?

2. Obstetrician-Gynecologist, OB/GYN

A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in women's health issues. An obstetrician specializes in the care of women who are pregnant, including their labor and delivery, explains Dr. Eva Chalas, an OB/GYN and professor with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Long Island School of Medicine and former president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

You may often hear these specialists referred to as OB/GYNs. Not all gynecologists are obstetricians, but all obstetricians are gynecologists.

An OB/GYN can handle the following:

Advise you on birth control methods .
Perform breast and pelvic exams.
Perform Pap smears to check for cervical cancer .
Provide breast cancer screening.
Screen for sexually transmitted infections .
Treat sexual problems like low libido.
Help with planning for pregnancy and answer fertility-related questions.
Help with perimenopause and menopause care.
Provide care for moms-to-be who are pregnant, or immediately after childbirth. This applies to a gynecologist also trained as an obstetrician. The OB/GYN "becomes the primary care provider of a pregnant woman," says Dr. Megan Gray, a board-certified OB/GYN with Orlando Health in Orlando, Florida.

Primary care providers also can assist with some of the roles above, such as providing Pap smears or ordering breast cancer screening . Ask your primary care provider what falls within their care range, compared to what you should rely on from an OB/GYN.

Some OB/GYNs also may be your primary care providers, if they are comfortable with that role. Most women should see their OB/GYN once a year, but follow any recommendations given by your OB/GYN for how often you should visit.

Questions a patient should ask their OB/GYN include:

What types of exams or tests do I need based on my personal and family history?
Should I be tested for a sexually transmitted infection or HIV ?
Are there reasons I'm experiencing a reduced sex drive?
Is it normal to feel (angry, depressed, bloated, or any other symptom concerning you) during my period ?
What forms of birth control are best for me to prevent pregnancy?
What should I expect as I approach menopause?
Are there treatment options for menopausal symptoms ?

Dentists can help you maintain your oral health and improve or monitor for other health conditions. This includes heart disease, which is linked to poor oral health , Gray says. Women also are more likely to develop gum disease and other oral health issues because of changing hormone levels, says Dr. Kimberly Kilby, vice president and medical director for health and well-being at MVP Health Care, a regional health plan in New York and Vermont. Kilby is also a family and preventive medicine physician.

Plan to visit a dentist one to two times a year, or as often as the dentist recommends.

4. Eye Doctor

Just like your oral health, your eye health can reveal early signs of whole-body health problems, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Both optometrists and ophthalmologists are eye doctors who can perform eye exams and prescribe contact lenses or glasses as needed.

In your 20s, you should have at least one complete eye exam, the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends.
In your 30s, you should have two complete eye exams.
You should also get a baseline eye exam at age 40. This is because as you age, your eyes will most likely experience more changes.
Ask your eye doctor how often you should get eye exams beyond age 40.
You should visit an eye doctor more frequently if you wear glasses or contacts, or you have a family history of eye disease, diabetes or high blood pressure.

5. Mental Health Professional

A mental health professional , such as a psychologist, psychiatrist or therapist, can help with anxiety , depression or conditions such as ADHD.

6. Dermatologist

As the body's largest organ, the skin and its health – even minor changes – can have major implications. Although primary care providers can do annual skin exams, they may recommend that you see a dermatologist if you are at a higher risk for skin cancer. Risk factors include having fairer skin, many moles or a family history of skin cancer. In addition, if you have a chronic hair, skin or nail condition, you should probably see a dermatologist.

7. Gastroenterologist

This specialist in digestive diseases may become part of your routine care starting at age 45, which is the latest recommended age to start screening for colon cancer, Darius says. Gastroenterologists can perform a colonoscopy to assess for colon cancer and provide follow-up treatment as needed. Some gastroenterologists will perform surgeries, such as bariatric surgery for weight loss or hernia repair surgery.

8. Geriatrician

If you're 65 or older, a geriatrician is a specialist who can manage complex health conditions more common in older patients. You can rely on the geriatrician to provide routine care, or you can have both a primary care provider and a geriatrician if you have more complex needs.

Tips for Better Women's Health

If you have health insurance, check your coverage before visiting a practice you haven't been to before. Some insurances require a referral from your primary care provider before you see a specialist. If you don't have health insurance, ask the office about self-pay options.
If you are a current or former smoker, talk to your primary care provider about associated health risks and the benefits of lung cancer screening. The deadliest cancer for women is lung cancer , Kilby says.
Talk to your health care team about better ways to eat healthily and get regular exercise. These can help lower your risk for many chronic medical conditions, including heart disease and cancer, Chalas says.
Write down any questions or concerns you have before your visit. "No question is a stupid question," Strachan says. "We are here to help and advocate for you."
Women after menopause, are at increased risk for osteopenia and/or osteoporosis – conditions that cause bone loss. Bone loss over time can lead to an increased risk for fractures. Talk to your doctor about how to optimize your bone health and make sure you get screened for bone disease.

Exercises Women Should Do Every Day

The U.S. News Health team delivers accurate information about health, nutrition and fitness, as well as in-depth medical condition guides. All of our stories rely on multiple, independent sources and experts in the field, such as medical doctors and licensed nutritionists. To learn more about how we keep our content accurate and trustworthy, read our editorial guidelines .

Chalas is an OB/GYN and professor with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NYU Long Island School of Medicine and former president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Darius is a family medicine specialist with the virtual health platform PlushCare. She is based in Atlanta.

Kilby is vice president and medical director for health and well-being at MVP Health Care, a regional health plan in New York and Vermont. She is also a family and preventive medicine physician.

Strachan is a primary care physician with Columbia University Irving Medical Center in New York.

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Monmouth County offers free rides for medical visits for anyone who needs one

Two-minute read.

FREEHOLD - Monmouth County residents can now schedule two free round-trip rides every week to address their medical, wellness and nutrition appointments.

The Monmouth County Board of County Commissioners has partnered with EZ Ride, the Wood-Ridge based transportation company, to provide free rides to residents looking to make trips related to their health. Residents can travel to medical appointments such as the doctors, dentist or therapist. They can also pick up a prescription or get lab work done. Residents can also book rides to grocery stores, food pantries or farmers markets, according to a Monmouth County press release.

According to Monmouth County Commissioner Director Thomas Arnone, the program is "completely funded through grants awarded by the New Jersey Department of Health through the American Rescue Plan Act and the New Jersey Association of County and City Health Officials."

It is estimated to cost $200,000 in its inaugural year.

EZ Ride has partnered with other counties, including Essex, where it provides free shuttle service between Newark Penn Station and certain locations in Essex county from 1 a.m. to 4 a.m.

The new program in Monmouth County is open to any resident over 18, regardless of income. Residents must be able to enter and exit the vehicle with minimal assistance and wheelchairs cannot be accommodated, according to the press release. Children must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.

NJ Transit raising fares? Here's what Middletown is doing to fight back for commuters

Residents can register for the program by phone at 732-431-7448 or email at [email protected] .

Rides can be scheduled by calling a transportation coordinator at 732-431-7448 from 8:30 a.m. to noon and 1 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. weekdays.

Rides must be scheduled 48 hours in advance and the trip must take place between 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. weekdays and 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturdays. No service will be available on Sunday.

According to the press release, residents without a cell phone can obtain one through Monmouth ACTS at monmouthacts.org or by calling 732-683-2102.

How do disabled people find housing? Long Branch fair aims for answers to many questions

A separate Monmouth County program, SCAT, provides free transportation to locations in Monmouth County and certain veteran’s hospitals to seniors over 60, veterans and disabled residents. The service prioritizes medical appointments and trips to buy groceries.

Olivia Liu is a reporter covering transportation, Red Bank and western Monmouth County. She can be reached at [email protected].

Resources spotlighted after Tifton 6-year-old recovers from suspected drunk driver accident

TIFTON, Ga. (WALB) - Organizations that offer resources to DUI victims and their families are hoping to spread awareness about their work after a 6-year-old was hit by a suspected drunk driver while playing on his scooter in Tifton on Friday.

Troy Barnes was charged with being under the influence when he hit Ross McClellan .

Theresa DeWild, who serves with Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), says accidents involving intoxicated drivers are too common.

DeWild’s passion for bringing awareness to the issue stems from personal tragedy.

“I was one of those that was impacted. I lost my sister in 2006. When I reached out to MADD in ‘09, the person that picked up my phone, she had me come out and just volunteer. I realized that I was not the only person. I wasn’t the only sibling,” Dewild said.

DeWild says MADD’s main goal is not only to help impacted families but also to help prevent drunk driving accidents completely.

“There is still a very serious problem. About 1/3 of all fatalities nationwide have alcohol involved in them. That’s just too high. It’s too much. It’s 100% preventable, and it still happens,” DeWild said.

Local sobriety clinics like Oasis are designed to help those struggling with alcohol and substance addiction.

“We offer peer-to-peer counseling we have meetings here five days a week, we offer assistance in transportation, and we plan activities. Just a variety of things,” Sarah Foster, Oasis’ manager and advocate, said.

Foster encourages those who don’t feel comfortable drinking to simply say no.

“Be careful and consider others. If not yourself,” Foster said.

If you have been affected by an accident involving an intoxicated driver and need assistance, click here to learn more about Mothers Against Drunk Driving and the resources they offer.

If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, reach out to Oasis Sobriety Clinic at (229) 396-5900.

Editor’s note: A previous version of this article incorrectly stated that Ross McClellan was killed after being hit by a suspected drunk driver. On Tuesday, WALB learned McClellan has been moved from an ICU room to a hospital room to continue recovery.

Previous coverage:

Update on 6-year-old child hit by car in Tifton, second suspect arrested
GoFundMe set up for second child hit by car in Tifton
UPDATE: 6-year-old recovering after being hit by car in Tifton
Tifton community calls for action following second child hit by ca r

Have a news tip or see an error that needs correction? Let us know. Please include the article’s headline in your message.

To stay up to date on all the latest news as it develops, follow WALB on Facebook and X (Twitter) . For more South Georgia news, download the WALB News app from the Apple Store or Google Play .

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IMAGES

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The 2-Year (24-Month) Checkup
2-year-old vaccines. By now, most toddlers have received many of the childhood immunizations that will help keep them safe and healthy in the years to come — and that's definitely something to celebrate. If your child missed a shot at a previous visit (for example, hepatitis B, DTaP or IPV), your doctor will get her caught up.
AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits
It is a schedule of screenings and assessments recommended at each well-child visit from infancy through adolescence. Schedule of well-child visits. The first week visit (3 to 5 days old) 1 month old; 2 months old; 4 months old; 6 months old; 9 months old; 12 months old; 15 months old; 18 months old; 2 years old (24 months) 2 ½ years old (30 ...
Well-Child Visit: 2 Years (24 Months) (for Parents)
communicating that diaper is wet or dirty. Sleeping. Generally 2-year-olds need about 11-14 hours of sleep a day, including naps. Developing. By 2 years, most children: put 2 words together to form a sentence ("More milk.") use new gestures other than waving or pointing, like blowing a kiss.
Well-Child Visits for Infants and Young Children
Immunizations are usually administered at the two-, four-, six-, 12-, and 15- to 18-month well-child visits; the four- to six-year well-child visit; and annually during influenza season ...
Your Checkup Checklist: 24 Months (2 Years) Old
What to expect at the 2-year-old checkup. At the 24-month (2-year-old) checkup visit, your child's pediatrician will perform a complete physical exam. They will also ask about your concerns and assess language development along with progress towards other milestones. Here's what else to expect at this doctor visit:
Well-Child Visit: What's Included and When to Go
Take blood pressure. Measure oxygen levels. Listen to your child's lungs. Look at your child's eyes, ears, and throat. Press on your child's tummy to feel organs. Move your child's hips ...
Well-Child Visits: Parent and Patient Education
Beginning at the 7 year visit, there is both a Parent and Patient education handout (in English and Spanish). For the Bright Futures Parent Handouts for well-child visits up to 2 years of age, translations of 12 additional languages (PDF format) are made possible thanks to the generous support of members, staff, and businesses who donate to the ...
Well Child Visits: 2-Year-Old Checkup
Baby's 2-Year Checkup: What to Expect. This is a busy time! Your toddler is running and climbing. They can say up to 50 words (or even more) and may be putting 2 words together into a simple ...
What to Do at Well-Child Visits: The AAFP's Perspective
Children six years and older. Obesity, screening. Children 10 years and older. Skin cancer, counseling to reduce risk. Children 12 years and older. Depression, screening. Sexually active ...
Bright Futures Information for Parents: 2 Year Visit
What to Expect at Your Child's 2.5 Year Visit. We will talk about: Creating family routines. Supporting your talking child. Getting along with other children. Getting ready for preschool. Keeping your child safe at home, outside, and in the car. Helpful Resources: National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-7233.
Well-Check Schedule for Children
7-10 years: Annual well-child check. Vision/hearing and TB screenings; any immunizations previously missed. 11-12 years: Annual well-child check. Depression and TB screenings; DTaP, HPV and ...
Well-Child Visits
Your child's doctor will recommend a schedule for well-child visits. One example is for visits at ages: footnote 1. 3 to 5 days old. By 1 month. 2 months. 4 months. 6 months. 9 months. 1 year. 15 months. 18 months. 2 years. 30 months. 3 years. After age 3, well-child visits are usually scheduled yearly through the teen years.
Well Baby Visit: 2-Year Checkup
Nutrition. Potty Training. Parenting Life. Development. Health. Activities. The 2-year checkup is coming up. Many parents find this visit more enjoyable than previous ones, as 2-year-olds tend to be interested in the exam and more talkative. Get the details on this checkup.
Well-Child Visit Handouts
Well-Child Visit Handouts. Parent and patient handouts from the Bright Futures Tool and Resource Kit, 2nd Edition, address key information for health supervision care from infancy through adolescence.Bright Futures is a national health care promotion and disease prevention initiative that uses a developmentally based approach to address children's health care needs in the context of family ...
A Guide to Well Visits and Annual Physicals
1st year: newborn, 2-4 weeks, two months, four months, six months, nine months. 2nd year: 12 months, 15 months, 18 months. 3rd year: 24 months, 30 months (2-1/2 years) Then every 12 months starting at their third birthday. While we often call this a "well visit" or "annual physical," we should really think of this as a preventive care ...
2-and-a-half Year Well-Child Visit
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Make Time for Well-Child Visits
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends well-child visits for babies and young toddlers at 3 to 5 days old, then at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 months. Starting at age 3, kids and teens need one preventive-care visit every year through age 21. Make scheduling (and remembering) a cinch.
Well-Child Visits and Recommended Vaccinations
The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program provides vaccines to eligible children at no cost. This program provides free vaccines to children who are Medicaid-eligible, uninsured, underinsured, or American Indian/Alaska Native. Check out the program's requirements and talk to your child's doctor or nurse to see if they are a VFC provider.
Doctor visit: The two-year checkup
Check her heart and breathing. Check her eyes and ears. Measure your toddler's head size to keep track of her brain growth. Give your child any immunizations she missed at her previous checkups. Address any concerns about your child's health, including how to spot symptoms of ear infections, colds, and the flu.
Important Milestones: Your Baby By Two Years
Developmental milestones are things most children (75% or more) can do by a certain age. Check the milestones your child has reached by 2 years by completing a checklist with CDC's free Milestone Tracker mobile app, for iOS and Android devices, using the Digital Online Checklist, or by printing the checklist [1 MB, 2 Pages, Print Only] below.
Well Child Check: 2 year old
SUBJECTIVE:2yo _ here for well child check. No parental concerns at this time.REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:- Diet: No concerns. Weaned from bottle.- Voiding/stooling: No concerns. Working on toilet training.- Sleeping: No concerns. Has regular bedtime routine.- Dental: Weaned from the bottle. + brushes teeth with help. Has already been to the dentist.- Behavior: No concerns.- Activity: Screen/TV time is ...
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Your Checkup Checklist: 2 ½ Years Old (30 Months) At 2 ½ years old, your toddler will have built on all of the skills that were beginning to blossom at age 2. Physically, children this age have more control over their bodies. They can jump with both feet, run and slow quickly to a stop. They can take off some clothes, and use their fingers to ...
Biden meets 4-year-old Abigail Edan, an American who was held hostage
1 of 2 | FILE - People walk past an image of 4-year-old Abigail Edan, a hostage held by Hamas, projected onto a building in Tel Aviv, Nov 26, 2023. Edan's parents were both killed by Hamas militants in the same attack in which she was kidnapped, a cross-border assault Oct. 7 that prompted Israel to declare war on Hamas.
Doctors Every Woman Needs
In your 30s, you should have two complete eye exams. You should also get a baseline eye exam at age 40. This is because as you age, your eyes will most likely experience more changes.
GBI Arrests 17-year-old in Quadruple Shooting Investigation in
Fitzgerald, GA (April 28, 2024) - The GBI has arrested and charged a 17-year-old for a shooting incident that happened at an after prom party in Fitzgerald, GA. The minor is accused of shooting four people and charged with one count of felony murder, three counts of aggravated assault, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. Chyell Paulk, age 15, of Fitzgerald, Georgia ...
Monmouth County, EZ Ride offer free rides for medical visits
Monmouth County residents can now schedule two free round-trip rides every week to address their medical, wellness and nutrition appointments.
Resources spotlighted after Tifton 6-year-old recovers from suspected
TIFTON, Ga. (WALB) - Organizations that offer resources to DUI victims and their families are hoping to spread awareness about their work after a 6-year-old was hit by a suspected drunk driver ...

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Ages & Stages

✅ Immunizations

✅ Health Screenings

✅Developmental Screenings

Questions your pediatrician may ask

Questions you may have

✅Feeding & Healthy Nutrition

✅ Communication Tips

More information

Biden meets 4-year-old Abigail Edan, an American who was held hostage by Hamas