great rail journeys 2023 uk

Great Rail Journeys ‘on track for 2023 recovery’

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Great Rail Journeys is on track for a “strong presence” in the peaks booking period despite a “volatile” market in the UK.

The York-based escorted tour and river cruise specialist is also planning more fam trips for travel agents in 2023 as it aims to build trade partnerships in areas where sales are strong, according to the new chief executive.

Dave Riley stepped up from his role as group chief finance officer in September to take over the reins from outgoing chief executive Peter Liney.

He said: “We will have a presence on TV over the peaks but we are still finalising that.

“We expect lots of activity in January and February.”

Great Rail Journeys had been sponsoring ITV travel documentaries but that partnership ended recently, said Riley.

“We will have a strong presence in the peaks and we’re doing some regional testing,” he commented.

He said “business is flying” for the company’s US brand, Vacations By Rail, which offers North American and European tours to American clients.

“Its 2023 revenue will be double that of 2019, a phenomenal achievement,” he said.

However, he said the UK market is “volatile” as it follows “the media sentiment” so consumers are “sometimes positive and sometimes negative”.

“The Great Rail Journeys brand is trading well at the moment, especially for 2023; we feel very positive,” he said.

“It will be over pre-pandemic levels in 2023.”

However, commenting on sister brand, Rail Discoveries, which caters for the “value end of the market”, Riley said: “Some customers are cautious because of the cost of living so we have to be more agile about what we are selling, with more products in the front end of 2023 rather than the back half of 2023.

“The uncertainty drives customer caution.”

Riley said the company is seeing “significant supplier pressures” across Europe but is not passing on the full impact of the cost prices – although prices for 2023 will be about 10% up on 2022.

“The big challenge for most tour operators is the volatility of the currency; it has a huge impact on planning,” he said.

The firm has also faced a “significant” challenge dealing with rail strikes in the UK, which have affected customers travelling to St Pancras by train for their holidays.

“There is huge frustration and uncertainty for customers,” said Riley.

Great Rail Journeys can switch customers to coaches or alternative rail services but the problems add to the workload at a time when new recruits are being trained.

However, staff have been buoyed by working in a new head office in York, and by a brand refresh, he added.

He said there is a team in the York office dedicated to working with the travel trade, which accounts for about 10%-15% of all sales – a similar proportion to pre-pandemic levels.

“We do have fantastic trade partners but we are niche,” he said.

“We are trying to find more partners, unlocking those pockets – particularly for our European programme.

“Some areas across the country are particularly strong, so that’s how we are aligning with the trade.”

The team recently held a fam trip for agents to visit Switzerland and is looking to hold further trips in 2023.

“We are getting people walking into agents to book our holidays,” he said.

“People want that comfort of booking with a reputable provider.

“There is a real opportunity to take advantage of rail as a wonderful way to travel and avoid airports.”

He said his top priority is the customer and making the business more appealing consumers want more “authentic” experiences.

“Our range has broadened; we have new Greece and Tuscany tours which focus on local flavours and experiences – activities clients cannot source themselves,” he said.

A desire for more sustainable tours means more enquiries are coming from younger travellers and the operator is working with York University to quantify its carbon emissions across our portfolio.

Next year will also mark the 50 th anniversary of the company, which is looking to recreate its first ever tour, a rail trip to Egypt, as part of its jubilee celebrations.

More :  Finance chief promoted to steer Great Rail Journeys

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GREAT RAIL JOURNEYS (Edinburgh) - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go

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Reviews 4.8.

7,121 total

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Very positive experience making a phone booking.

Very easy to make a phone booking. All our questions about luggage were answered and advice about booking hotels and rail journeys before and after our trip was given - we have booked for June 2025 so it is too early to book rail tickets. We were given a rough idea of when our outgoing train might be leaving St.Pancras International and told we would to be there an hour beforehand.

Date of experience : 14 April 2024

Norway to Rhone

We have already enjoyed holidays with GRJ around the world and we have always been treated well. The booking process is a pleasure as there is always time to share experiences and memories and advice is freely and generously given. On this occasion Lynn was helpful regarding the quality and experiences of this holiday and I enjoyed our conversation. At no time was I coerced into something that I did not require..indeed she actually was able to offer some help/advice on a holiday which we take with GRJ in a few months. We were advised of an extra discount on our 2025 which we had not been aware of and we can now sit back and look forward to this holiday which coincides with the month of our 60th wedding anniversary. Thanks Lynn and GRJ

Date of experience : 16 April 2024

Good service. Booked the holiday on line which was…

Booked the holiday on line which was straightforward. Confirmation email came through immediately but noticed an error with the departure date on page 2 of the confirmation letter. Spoke to Ollie who didn’t know why there was an error but I did suggest he spoke to someone about getting it changed (it was mainly a standard template so everyone would get the same letter with the same error). I logged onto the My Booking on the website which is great, I could amend my cabin number and enter passport details.

Date of experience : 19 April 2024

A RELIABLE EXPERIENCED COMPANY

We are only at the organising stage of our holiday but have found your Customer Service to be Very Good and Helpful. We have holidayed with your sister company R.Discoveries and so were confident of good service.

Date of experience : 17 April 2024

Very friendly and knowledgeable staff

Very friendly and knowledgeable staff who answered all my pre booking queries. Had no hesitation in booking this second holiday with GRJ after our first adventure with them.

Date of experience : 15 April 2024

Just the help with the booking by phone…

Just the help with the booking by phone that I've come to expect. A friendly voice, patient (with the technology and me!), careful and efficient. Name of Adele. And the confirmation email came promptly the same day.

Very helpful staff member

Very helpful staff member. Our booking was quickly concluded though deposits requested were a bit steep.

Date of experience : 18 April 2024

Booking process easy and very clear

Booking process easy and very clear. Haven't had the holiday yet so cannot comment on that! So far everything is very good

Phone answered promptly

Phone answered promptly, friendly and helpful rep who listened to my questions/requests . Successful booking, now looking forward to the trip. Have used Great Rail a number of times and never had a bad experience! Thank you.

Date of experience : 13 April 2024

Reply from Great Rail Journeys

Dear Mr. Boland, Thank you for your lovely review. I am so pleased to hear that you have had numerous fabulous trips with us and are still coming back for more. Kind regards, Kim

Initial request for information made…

Initial request for information made via the website. There was a quick and useful response. Subsequently the tour details were published and any follow up questions were answered. Booking was simple and thorough by the efficient staff.

Date of experience : 12 April 2024

Dear Mrs. Pickard, Thank you so much for take the time to leave us such a glowing review. Kind regards, Kim

So far the service received and process…

So far the service received and process of booking all ran very smoothly. Can’t comment on the trip as not taken yet.

Good telephone service but poor email confirmation

Although the booking service by telephone was good, the follow up confirmation failed to materialise. It took 3 phone calls to get the email resent - it was "stuck" in the GRJ system.

Experience in booking train holiday

Excellent service from person at company but disappointed they could not book train tickets from my home town, saying I had to go into London. I live in St Albans, Herts

I have just booked my third trip with…

I have just booked my third trip with Rail Discoveries/Great Rail Journeys. Excecellent. Knowledgeable, helpful team.

Happy that we got the last two spaces

Luckily for us Thomas was very patient and was able to update the tour we were enquiring about to say there was only two spaces left, which is exactly what we wanted to hear! He confirmed everything and was able to hold for a couple of days, but we only needed one day to decide to book this adventure. Very helpful Thomas, thank you.

Date of experience : 11 April 2024

Dear Mrs. Lane, Thank you for your wonderful review! We're delighted to hear that Thomas was able to assist you in booking your adventure with us. His patience and promptness in updating the tour information were truly commendable. We appreciate your kind words and are thrilled that you found our service helpful. We look forward to welcoming you on this exciting adventure! Kind regards, Kim

It's worth a phone call

Very helpful, friendly and knowledgeable adviser. I wanted a tour date that had sold out and a few days later he telephoned to say he had secured a place for me. He had also put a hold on an alternative tour as back up. A happy and satisfied customer.

Date of experience : 06 April 2024

Dear Mrs. Powell, Thank you for taking the time to share your positive experience. We're delighted to hear that our advisor's efforts to secure a spot for you on your preferred tour date and provide a backup option exceeded your expectations. Your satisfaction is our top priority, and we're thrilled to have made your experience a happy and fulfilling one. Kind regards, Kim

Professional Service

A couple of phone calls was all it needed to have some questions answered and then a very quick and efficient booking process over the phone. Good service by knowledgeable staff.

Quick and no hassle

Very short waiting time and knowledgeable person able to deal with all inquiries. Booking was quick and easy with confirmation email arriving within a few minutes.

Good website and when I contacted them…

Good website and when I contacted them by phone they answered and dealt with my question efficiently

A late booking.

I booked the holiday by phone and the experience was excellent. It was a late booking but Lyndsey took me through the process efficiently. Everything was explained to me and I am confident that all my questions were answered.

Dear Mr. Ham, Thank you for taking the time to share your positive experience with us. We're delighted to hear that Lyndsey was able to assist you efficiently and provide you with all the necessary information. Kind regards, Kim

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Seven of the best UK train holidays: Scenic journeys for exploring by rail

A trip taken on the railways allows you to see another side of the uk – including some of its most attractive views, article bookmarked.

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Whether it’s the slow chug-chug-chug of a steam train winding along the rails or being able to see familiar towns and cities of the UK from a fresh angle, there’s something special about travelling on the railway.

For those opting for a UK holiday this year, there’s plenty of ways to explore the country without needing to fly or strapping yourself in for a long road trip. Seaside resorts, cities – ones where you’ll find history and modern delights – and National Parks can all be discovered with a train holiday. From arriving at the railway station until you’re safely delivered home, the whole journey you’ll be looked after while getting to see the best each destination can offer.

From the UK capital to the Cornish coast and from a jaunt through Wales to a show-stopping tour of the entire country, here are some of the best train holiday packages you can book. The only difficult part is which one will you choo-choo-choose...

Grand Tour of the UK

Great Rail Journeys offer a holiday that covers several of the UK’s finest cities over 12 days, soaking up everything from historic castles and Roman baths, buzzing canal districts to world-famous museums.

After a day in York, you’ll move on to Edinburgh before a journey on the Jacobite Express (between Fort William and Mallaig) on day five. Your final night in Scotland is spent in Glasgow, before two nights in Liverpool after you return to England.

Day eight and nine are spent in Bristol and Bath , respectively, before a visit to Stonehenge on day 10. You’ll arrive in London at the end of the day, where you’ll witness the opening ceremony at the Tower of London the next morning. With seven days to explore the cities in between tranquil journeys through the spectacular countryside, this is a tour that showcases the UK at its fascinating best.

How to book

From £2,495pp, including 11 nights of accommodation, all train and coach travel, 11 breakfasts and five dinners. greatrail.com

Read more on UK travel :

• 10 best city breaks for a weekend trip in 2023
• The best family holiday destinations in the UK
• Best UK lodge and chalet holidays for 2023

Grand Tour of Scotland

This 14-night, self-guided tour of Scotland may seem long, but its leisurely nature means you can fully relax as you enjoy rail and boat trips around the isles and Highlands. It begins in Glasgow , where you’ll travel on the famous West Highland Line to Oban (day one) and eventually to Spean Bridge (day three). After some gentle strolls around the Highlands, you’ll take the Jacobite Express before a short journey over to Skye.

By day eight you’ll arrive in Inverness, where you can travel to the famous loch , before venturing as far north as Orkney by day 11. The next day is a return to the Highlands for the last two nights of the trip, before a final journey Edinburgh to end your two-week Scottish odyssey. With days trips to the isles of Mull, Staffa and Iona, plus visits to small towns such as Portree and Plockton, you’re guaranteed to see towering hills, idyllic countryside, beautiful coast and historic cities.

From £2,750pp. This price includes 11 nights bed and breakfast, three nights of dinner, bed and breakfast, four day trips, a single journey on the Jacobite Express, all train and ferry travel, and most of the station transfers. mckinlaykidd.com

London to Cornwall

Byway offer the perfect Cornwall trip, whether you’re a Cornish veteran or you’ve never even visited the county. The journey kicks off in London, where one off the most exciting legs of the trip takes you to Bodmin on the Night Riviera train (with a journey time of eight hours), where you can enjoy the views from your cabin before relaxing into a night’s sleep.

The next day, you’ll travel to Padstow – for an 19th-century experience, you can choose to travel along the Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway via steam train for part of the journey. You’ll stay for two nights of exploring, drinking and Rick Stein-inspired eating before travelling to St Ives (via Bodmin), one of Cornwall’s best seaside towns. After a couple of nights spent wandering its winding streets and golden beaches, you travel to Falmouth (the county’s university town) for the last two nights of your trip.

Accommodation and travel (including the sleeper train) start at £939pp. byway.travel

Grand Tour of Ireland

McKinlay Kidd’s second flagship offering is a grand tour of Ireland. Covering both the Republic and Northern over 12 days, it starts in Dublin and ends in Belfast , with stops in popular cities such as Galway and Cork. The route covers a good portion of the Wild Atlantic Way, starting in Westport on day one and progressing to points along the County Mayo and County Galway sections of the route. On day four, you’ll take a crossing to Inis Mor (a rugged island covered with towering cliffs and white sand beaches), while the next day you’ll leave Galway for a short and scenic train ride to Ennis in County Clare.

Days seven to nine are spent in Kerry, Killarney and Kinsale, before you arrive at the route’s second standout destination on day 11. You’ll spend two nights in Belfast, exploring the Cathedral and Titanic Quarters, before bidding farewell to the Emerald Isle.

From £2,935pp, including all travel, 12 nights of accommodation, plus tours of Inis Mor tour, Kinsale and Belfast. mckinlaykidd.com

Lakeland Railways and Cumbria

Railtrail offer several shorter trips around regions of the UK, with their Lakeland and Cumbria tour offering spectacular scenery, serene settings and historic Lake District villages. Every day begins at your hotel near Grange-over-Sands, and after a relaxing evening, the next day you’ll journey along the Cumbrian coastline to Carnforth and then Morecambe.

You’ll visit Haverthwaite and Bowness-on-Windermere on day three, where you’ll get the opportunity to go on a lake cruise to the southern tip of Lake Windermere. On your final day there’s a rail trip to the coastal village of Ravenglass, where you can enjoy views on the Ravenglass and Eskdale railway .

From £599pp, including travel, accommodation, dinner, one afternoon tea, all activities and rail travel from your home station to Grange-over-Sands. railtrail.co.uk

Snowdon Mountain Railway and Portmeirion

This jaunt around Snowdonia and Portmeirion is a good choice for those looking to see some of Wales’ most charming seaside resorts and areas of natural beauty. Your base will be the northern coastal resort of Llandudno. Here, a 19th-century pier and long promenades stand over lovely beaches near the centre of town, while inland rolling hills and cliffs offer great opportunities for walking and hiking.

After a day of relaxation, you’ll venture into Snowdonia National Park, where you’ll take the Snowdon Mountain Railway across the region, passing by dramatic waterfalls and a landscape littered with hills before finishing close to the summit of the mountain.

Your next day can be spent in Llandudno, but there’s the option of a trip to Anglesey before the visiting Portmeirion on day four. This tourist village was built in an Italian style over 50 years, with a long stretch of beach – backed by hills and colourful buildings – providing one of the UK’s most surreal backdrops.

From £399 per person, including accommodation in Llandudno, all travel and activities, plus breakfast and dinner on every day of the trip. shearings.com

Yorkshire and Northumberland

This seven day tour starts in Harrogate, a picturesque town full of Georgian and Victorian architecture, before moving on to York and arriving in Whitby on day three. After a day spent enjoying this quintessentially English seaside town, you return to Harrogate on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.

On day four, you leave Harrogate behind to travel on the 72-mile Settle-Carlisle Railway, first to Carlisle and then to Alnwick. While in Northumberland, you’ll spend time in Bamburgh and Lindisfarne before returning to York on day seven.

From £895pp. The package includes all rail and coach travel, accommodation for six nights and 12 meals (breakfast and dinner). greatrail.com

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Rail factsheet: 2023

• Department for Transport

Published 25 January 2024

© Crown copyright 2024

This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] .

Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.

This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/rail-factsheet-2023/rail-factsheet-2023

  About this release

This factsheet provides an overview of key statistics on rail in Great Britain. Statistics are for surface rail only, and do not include underground, light rail, and tram systems. Coverage is for the financial year ending ( FYE ) March 2023 and includes comparisons with the previous FYE March 2022 and the FYE March 2020. It should be noted that more recent datasets for some topics may be available. This publication includes both accredited official statistics and official statistics.

For more information, see the ‘About these statistics’ section .

Rail statistics overview

Figure 1: Rail: In Great Britain year, financial year ending March 2023

1,385 million passenger rail journeys were made in FYE March 2023 , an increase of 39.9% on the previous year and a decrease of 20.4% on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Passenger Rail Usage table 1220 )

Government support to the railways totalled £21.1 billion in FYE March 2023 , a decrease of 6.1% on the previous year and an increase of 64.5% on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Rail Industry Finance table 7270)

67.8% of trains arrived within 59 seconds of their scheduled arrival time in FYE March 2023 , a decrease of 5.3pp on the previous year and an increase of 2.8pp on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Passenger Rail Performance table 3133)

15.73 billion net tonne kilometres (9.77 billion net tonne miles) of rail freight were transported in FYE March 2023 , a decrease of 6.8% on the previous year and an increase of 5.1% on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Freight Rail Usage and Performance table 1310 )

346,758 complaints were closed in FYE March 2023 , an increase of 22.7% on the previous year and a decrease of 35.2% on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Passenger Rail Service Complaints table 4100)

1,778 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent were emitted by passenger services on the railways in FYE March 2023 , a decrease of 5.1% on the previous year and a decrease of 25.9% on the FYE March 2020 ( ORR Rail Emissions table 6105 )

Note: The latest year is compared to the previous year of available data and the year prior to COVID-19.

Recovery from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Figure 2: Domestic transport use by mode: Great Britain, 1 December 2020 to 31 March 2023

Figure 2 presents four line charts, showing usage compared to an equivalent day pre-COVID between December 2020 and March 2023, across different modes of transport: motor vehicles, bus (excluding London), London bus and tube, and National Rail. All public transport modes show a steady increase since 2020. National Rail shows a slightly decreased recovery when Elizabeth Line services, which opened in May 2022 are excluded.

Since March 2020, public transport has been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the lowest point in April and May 2020, passenger rail journeys were 96% less than an equivalent day in the previous year. Further information on the time-series of transport: DfT transport use during the COVID-19 pandemic statistics .

In the next three years, rail continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At one point in January 2021, passenger rail journeys were 12% of an equivalent day prior to the pandemic. Since then, passenger rail journeys began to steadily increase again, other than a fluctuation in December 2021, due to a temporary introduction of measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. At its peak in February 2023, passenger rail journeys were 94% of an equivalent day in pre-COVID; when Elizabeth Line journeys are excluded however, this peak was 86% of an equivalent day pre-COVID.

Note: Usage figures have been impacted by Industrial Action.

Note: The central section of the Elizabeth Line opened in May 2022, bringing an increase in journeys classed as National Rail that would previously have been made on London Underground or Docklands Light Railway. Therefore, a second time series excluding Elizabeth Line is also presented, showing a lower recovery than the time series which includes the effect of Elizabeth line services. For more information, please see Department for Transport COVID-19 domestic transport data: methodology note and Office of Rail and Road Passenger rail usage .

Railway in Great Britain

Figure 3: The mainline railway as of financial year ending March 2023 is comprised of:

Figure 3 is a summary of TOC key statistics:

2,578 stations ( ORR TOC Key Statistics )

9,846 miles (15,846 km) of route ( ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6320 )

an average age of rolling stock of 16.7 years ( ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6313 )

24 Train Operating Companies (TOCs) ( ORR TOC Key Statistics )

3,769 miles (6,065 km) of electrified route (38% of total route) ( ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6320)

approximately 100,000 people employed in the rail sector, with 62,000 full-time equivalent employees across TOCs and 40,000 in Network Rail ( ORR TOC Key Statistics table and Network Rail Annual Report and Accounts 2023 )

Note: For further information, please see Office of Rail and Road TOC Key Statistics (Table 2200) and Rail Infrastructure and Assets (Tables 6313 and 6320).

Rail travel in the context of other transport modes

  Car was the most common mode of transport

Figure 4: Of all travel in England in 2022, rail accounted for:

Figure 4 presents a series of three treemap charts depicting mode share for trips, miles, and hours travelled per person in England in 2022. Car travel represents the biggest share for each case, whereas rail accounted for 2% of trips, 8% of miles, and 6% of hours travelled.

The distance travelled and the time spent travelling by rail increased in England in 2022 from the previous year but was still lower than 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Note: This data covers England only and calendar year 2022. For more information please see Department for Transport National Travel Survey 2022 (NTS0303).

Rail usage and users 

  Prior to the pandemic, long-term rail demand was increasing 

Figure 5: Rail passenger journeys in Great Britain, millions

Figure 5 presents a line chart depicting rail passenger journeys in Great Britain beginning calendar year 1953 to FYE March 2023, switching between calendar and financial years in 1984.

Passenger rail journeys almost doubled (95.9% increase) in the 20 years before the pandemic, reaching a record 1.8 billion journeys in 2018 to 2019. Despite seeing a 39.9% increase on the previous year, rail passenger journeys in 2022 to 2023 are still 20.4% lower than this peak, at 1,385 million.

Table 1: Top 10 most used stations in Great Britain, year ending March 2022

Note: For more information please see Office of Rail and Road Passenger Rail Usage (Table 1220) and Estimates of station usage (Table 1410).

Headline: Passenger demand rose in all major cities due to easing of measures to control the transmission of COVID-19 

Figure 6: Passenger Arrivals and Departures by City (outside London)

The increase in all day arrivals into major cities in England and Wales (outside London) from autumn 2021 to autumn 2022 was 30%, to 583,245 all day arrivals. AM peak arrivals increased by 34% for the cities outside London. PM peak departures increased by 37%.

London remained the city with the highest rail passenger numbers. Passenger arrivals throughout the day were over 9 times that of Birmingham (the city with the second highest).

Figure 7: Passenger Arrivals and Departures by Station (London)

During autumn 2022, there were large increases in all-day arrivals into London stations, on average a rise of 58% compared to the same period in the previous year. The London station with the most all-day arrivals was Liverpool Street with 211,537 arrivals. London Bridge had the second highest all day arrivals with 202,685 and also had the highest number of AM peak arrivals with 106,667 and PM peak departures, with 87,058.

Note: This data represents arrivals and departures for a typical autumn weekday in 2022 and does not reflect a typical weekday across the entire calendar year. For more information please see Department for Transport Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales: 2022 .

  Peak travel times begin to return to pre COVID-19 patterns in 2022 

Figure 8: Proportion of Passenger Arrivals and Departures by Hour, Regional Major Cities: Autumn 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

Figure 8 presents a line chart showing the proportion of passenger arrivals and departures by hour in regional major cities outside of London in Autumn 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. The 2019 line shows two clear peaks in demand during the AM and PM peak periods.

In 2020, the pre COVID-19 two-peak distribution became less pronounced, with a more even spread of rail travel across the day as people avoided peak travel in response to the instruction to work from home where possible. In 2021 and 2022, we saw the AM and PM peaks begin to slowly return, possibly reflecting a return to usual commuting patterns.

On a typical autumn day in 2022, some 26% of arrivals occurred in the 3-hour morning peak, approximately the same proportion as the equivalent period in the previous year. A larger proportion of passengers travelled in the evening peak (29%) in cities outside London than the morning peak.

Figure 9: Proportion of Passenger Arrivals and Departures by Hour, London Stations: Autumn 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022

Figure 9 presents a line chart showing the proportion of passenger arrivals and departures by hour at London stations in Autumn 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022.

In 2019 (and other years prior to the pandemic), the distribution of journeys into and out of London was defined by 2 peaks, a larger more pronounced peak during AM peak hours and a slightly shorter and wider peak in the evening. This pattern was affected during 2020 and 2021 as fewer commuters travel into and out of London.

On a typical autumn day in 2022, some 997,346 rail journeys were made into central London. Of these, 45% were made in the morning peak. On an average autumn day in 2019 there were 1,112,241 arrivals, of which, 55% were during the 3-hour morning peak.

  Commuting was the most common journey purpose of rail passengers 

Table 2: Rail journey purpose, England 2022

In England in 2022, almost 38% of all rail journeys were for commuting, a share decrease of 11pp from 49% in 2021. Thirty five percent of all rail journeys were for leisure, a 3pp increase from 2021 when 32% of journeys were for leisure.

Figure 10: Average rail trips per person per year by age and sex, England 2022

Males undertook 25% more rail trips on average (17 trips per person per year) than females (14 trips per person per year). The greatest difference was observed in the 40 to 49 age group, where males took almost twice as many rail journeys as women (29 trips per person per year for males compared to 16 for females).

Note: This data covers England only and calendar year 2022. For more information please see Department for Transport National Travel Survey 2022 (NTS0409 and NTS0601).

Figure 11: Disabled Passenger Rail Cards in circulation from the financial year ending March 2013 to financial year ending March 2023

Figure 11 presents a line chart showing the numbers of Disabled Persons Railcards in circulation from FYE March 2013 to FYE March 2023. The chart shows a steady rise each year up to FYE March 2020, before a sharp fall in FYE March 2021.

There were 242,770 Disabled Persons Railcards in circulation in FYE March 2023, an increase of 11% compared with the previous year. This represents a decrease of 1% compared with its peak in the FYE March 2020.

On average in 2022, persons with mobility difficulties made 5 rail trips per year compared with 19 rail trips per year for those without mobility difficulties. Those with mobility difficulties made 47% fewer car trips and 4% more bus trips in 2022 than those without mobility difficulties.

Note: For more information please see Department for Transport National Travel Survey 2022 (NTS0709) and Office of Rail and Road Disabled Persons Railcards (Table 4310).

Rail performance

  Punctuality decreased and cancellations increased in the financial year ending March 2023 

Figure 12: Percentage of trains ‘on time’, financial year ending March 2015 to financial year ending March 2023 (Moving annual averages)

Figure 12 presents a line chart showing the percentage of trains “on time” between FYE March 2015 and FYE March 2023. Punctuality was relatively stable prior to the pandemic, with a notable improvement in FYE March 2021. Since then, punctuality has decreased towards pre-pandemic levels.

In the FYE March 2023, there was a 0.9% decrease in planned train services and a 5.3 percentage point ( pp ) decrease in punctuality compared with the previous year.

Figure 13: Percentage cancellation score, financial year ending March 2015 to financial year ending March 2023 (Moving annual averages)

Figure 13 presents a line chart showing the percentage cancellation score between FYE March 2015 and FYE March 2023. Cancellations were shown to be increasing up to FYE March 2020, before a significant decrease in FYE March 2021. In FYE March 2022, cancellations returned to a similar level as in FYE March 2020.

3.8% of trains were classified as cancellations in Great Britain in the FYE March 2023. This represents a 0.4pp increase in cancellations when compared with the previous year.

Note: This industry measure is an indicator of disruption against the timetable operating on the day. The timetable is finalised at 22:00 the previous evening, and trains removed from the timetable before then will not be included. The ORR began reporting on late-notice resource availability shortage “P*-coded” pre-cancellations removed before 22:00 the previous evening beginning in January 2023. These figures are not included in these statistics, as the data is not available for the whole financial year ending March 2023. For more information please see Office of Rail and Road P-coded cancellations .

Note: ‘on time’ services are those that arrive at the station early or within 59 seconds of scheduled time. This is different from the Public Performance Measure (PPM) used previously. For more information please see Office of Rail and Road  Passenger rail performance (Tables 3133 and 3123).

  The number of passenger service complaints closed has increased 

Table 3: Top 5 complaint categories, Great Britain, year ending March 2023

346,758 complaints were closed by train operators in the FYE March 2023, an increase of 22.7% compared to the previous year. The rate of complaints however was 25 complaints per 100,000 journeys, down from 29 in the previous year, and the lowest rate since the time series began in the FYE March 2016.

Note: For more information please see: Office of Rail and Road Passenger rail service complaints (Table 4130).

  The amount of freight moved by rail decreased in the financial year ending March 2023 

Figure 14: Rail freight moved by commodity, financial year ending March 2001 to financial year ending March 2023: billion net tonne kilometres

Figure 14 presents a line chart showing rail freight moved between FYE March 2001 and FYE March 2023, with lines for each of coal, non-coal and total freight moved. Coal is shown to have made up approximately one third of the total freight moved up to FYE March 2014, after which it falls considerably, making up only a tiny portion of the total freight moved in FYE March 2023.

In the FYE March 2023, the total amount of rail freight transported decreased to 15.73 billion net tonne kilometres (9.77 billion net tonne miles), a 6.8% decrease compared to the previous year. This is significantly lower than at its peak in the FYE March 2014, when the total amount of rail freight transported was 22.70 billion net tonne kilometres (14.1 billion net tonne miles).

Note: Freight moved measures the amount of freight moved on the railway network, taking into account the weight of the load and the distance carried. It is measured in net tonne kilometres. For more information please see Office of Rail and Road Freight rail usage and performance (Table 1310).

  Rail remains one of the safest modes of transport 

Figure 15: Fatalities on the railway in Great Britain, indexed to financial year ending March 2003 = 100, financial year ending March 2003 to financial year ending March 2023

Figure 15 presents a line chart showing the change in fatalities on the railway between FYE March 2003 and FYE March 2023 alongside passenger miles. Fatalities are shown to have steadily decreased while passenger miles increased. Rail was one of the safest modes of transport with under 1 fatality per billion passenger miles in the FYE March 2023.

Note: The figures are only for mainline incidences and do not include figures for London underground and non-mainline services. For more information please see: Office of Rail and Road: Rail safety (Table 5200).

  Rail emissions are on a downward trend 

Figure 16: Estimates of passenger carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by fuel: United Kingdom, financial year ending March 2012 to financial year ending March 2023: kilotonnes

Figure 16 presents a line chart, showing passenger carbon dioxide equivalent emissions for diesel and electricity between FYE March 2012 and FYE March 2023. Both are shown to have fallen since FYE March 2017, with electricity from then on producing fewer emissions than diesel.

Despite similar levels of electricity consumption, the CO2e emissions from electricity fell by 10% to 717 KTonnes in the latest year. Historically emissions from electricity consumption have been lower than emissions from diesel consumption despite increases in electricity usage. This is predominantly due to a transition towards renewable energy sources in the electricity sector in Great Britain.

There was a small decrease in diesel consumption, which fell by 2% to 385 million litres. This resulted in 1,061 Ktonnes of CO2e emissions. Compared with three years ago, emissions from diesel decreased by 26% which reflects the change in network traffic since the pandemic.

Note: For more information please see: Office of Rail and Road: Rail emissions (table 6105).

Rail finance and Government support

  Government funding of rail in Great Britain has been high for 3 years 

Figure 17: Net subsidy to TOCs from Government in Great Britain, financial year ending March 1986 to financial year ending March 2023, billions, real terms based on 2023 prices

Figure 17 presents a bar chart, showing the net subsidy to TOCs from Government in Great Britain between FYE March 1986 and FYE March 2023. Between FYE March 2011 and FYE March 2018, TOCs were paying a net premium to Government. Net Government subsidy was at an all-time high in FYE March 2021, but has decreased in the last two years.

In the FYE March 2023, TOCs received an overall subsidy of £4.2bn from Government, a 42% decrease on the previous year in real terms. Network Rail received a grant of £7.5bn, a 4.1% increase on the previous year. Network Rail and HS2 also received a total of £8.9bn in enhancements funding, a 17.8% increase from the previous year.

Despite the decrease in net subsidy to TOCs in Great Britain in the FYE March 2023, these numbers are still significantly higher when compared with pre COVID-19 years. This is a result of a reduction in fares income during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between the FYE March 1986 and March 2019, the average net subsidy to TOCs in Great Britain was £1.3bn, compared with an average of £7.7bn over the last 3 years.

Note: Government funding covers payments made from or to Department for Transport, Transport Scotland, and Welsh Government.

Figure 18: Rail share of Total Transport Expenditure

Figure 18 presents a pie chart showing that the railways accounted for 60% of public transport expenditure in Great Britain in the FYE March 2023.

Table 4: Income by source, real terms

Note: Government support includes total operational funding as well as total enhancements funding and miscellaneous funding. Operational funding includes payments to or from franchised train operators, passenger transport executive grants, payments to infrastructure managers and freight grants. Government support for the operational railway was almost £12 billion in FYE March 2023 – equivalent to more than £420 per household.

Note: For more information please see: Office of Rail and Road: Rail industry finance (Table 7270) and HM Treasury: Country and regional analysis: 2023 .

Table 5: Railway public expenditure by UK Super Region  

Figure 19: Map of railway public expenditure by UK Super Region  

Forty seven percent of public spend on the railways benefitted the South, including London (which made up 32% of all railways spend). Over the last 4 years, there has been a slight decrease in the proportion of public expenditure on transport incurred in the South.

Note: HM Treasury Country and Regional Analysis (CRA) covers all public expenditure (capital and current) on rail, including DfT, local authorities, public corporations, other government departments and devolved administrations. The CRA analysis is for UK and includes all country filters apart from Northern Ireland. Note that ‘outside UK’ and ‘without region’ has been excluded. For more information please see HM Treasury Country and regional analysis: 2023 .

About these statistics

This publication is a compendium of both accredited official statistics and official statistics. The type of statistics presented is detailed in the table below:

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24 of the greatest rail journeys around the world

The world's greatest train holidays to take for an amazing adventure

With more travellers choosing trains over planes these days, we thought we'd take a look at the world's greatest rail journeys for an unforgettable holiday.

Proving that trains aren't just about getting you from A to B, the world's greatest rail journeys take in fantastic sites, picturesque towns and villages, and amazing wildlife.

We all know that rail travel provides a more eco-friendly and often more affordable way of getting around, but you don't have to compromise on style and luxury when you travel by train.

The great railway journeys of the world include incredible train holidays in the UK, such as the Jacobite in the Scottish Highlands, and amazing train journeys in Europe, like the Bernina Express .

They also allow you to experience the finest things in life, like the champagne and gourmet meals served on the British Pullman and the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express and the impressive picture windows and comfy interior of the Glacier Express .

To show you why we're celebrating the beauty of great rail journeys, we've picked the very best ones in the UK and the rest of the world to take this year or next.

Whether you're looking for Swiss train holidays in summer or winter or far-flung adventures by rail, you'll love our dreamy bucket list escapes.

Check out the greatest rail journeys, from steam train rides in England to scenic rail holidays in Europe.

Jacobite Steam Train - Great rail journeys

The wonderful Jacobite steam train takes rail holidaymakers from Fort William to Mallaig on an 84-mile steam-hauled journey through spectacular Scottish Highland scenery.

You’ll encounter craggy coastlines and sparkling loch waters on a route that’s packed with superlatives.

One highlight is passing over the amazing 21-arch Glenfinnan Viaduct, just like Harry Potter did in the films.

Experience the Jacobite, along with a Loch Katrine cruise and a ride on the Falkirk Wheel during a four-day Scottish steam adventure, which includes the chance to meet broadcaster Kirsty Wark.

FIND OUT MORE

Rocky Mountaineer - Great rail journeys

The iconic Rocky Mountaineer train takes passengers across the dramatic wilderness of Canada’s epic mountain range the Rockies, weaving through tunnels across glacial rivers and verdant woods.

It offers a chance to spot grizzly bears, golden eagles and other alpine wildlife from its panoramic windows for a world-class rail holiday.

There are routes through Jasper, Banff, Lake Louise, Kamloops, Whistler and Vancouver, and because the train only ever travels during daylight hours, you'll be able to enjoy astonishing views of Canada's scenery as you travel.

Ride the Rocky Mountaineer through Canada's stunning scenery on an unforgettable 13-day tour of Canada and Alaska.

Bernina Express - Great rail journeys

An excellent rail line for anyone wanting to take in the beauty of the Italian and Swiss Alps is the breathtaking Bernina Express, which offers scenic European train travel at its finest.

This world-famous alpine train route takes passengers from Tirana in Italy to St Moritz in Switzerland, passing stunning mountain tops and pristine lakes along the way.

The spacious, panoramic carriages provide a unique viewpoint for you to admire the best of Switzerland’s scenery on a rail holiday you'll never forget.

Travel on the Bernina Express to St Moritz on Good Housekeeping's eight-day trip to Italy and Switzerland.

Renon Railway — Great rail journeys

Take a trip on the narrow-gauge Renon Railway in the South Tyrol in northern Italy, a small, hundred-year-old train that transports passengers across the Ritten plateau on an 18-minute journey to Collalbo, a pretty town that's a real magnet for walkers.

Some of the original cars are still operational, whereas others have been replaced with modern counterparts. Either way, you'll get simply superb views of the mountainous scenery.

Try the Renon Railway and other famous train journeys through the Dolomites on Good Housekeeping's delightful nine-day trip to Italy.

Poppy Line - Great rail journeys

One of Britain's best heritage railways is the North Norfolk Railway, or the Poppy Line as it is also known.

The relaxed train journey takes passengers from Sheringham along the coast to Weybourne and through beautiful heathland to Holt.

Its steam trains are run by volunteers and offer a slow-paced holiday in Norfolk. You'll want to check out the 1950s waiting room and restored signal box at Sheringham Station.

Ride the Poppy Line with Lucy Worsley on a tour of Norfolk and Sandringham by rail with celebrated historian Lucy Worsley.

The Centovalli Railway - Great rail journeys

The Centovalli Railway is one of the lesser-known routes between the lakeside Swiss town of Locarno and the northern Italian city of Domodossola.

The enchanting route will take you past romantic villages, lush green hills, sweeping valleys, and glistening waterfalls. You'll also cross an incredible 83 bridges and viaducts on the 50-kilometre route, including the impressive viaduct at Intragna.

Take a ride on the Centovalli Railway as part of Good Housekeeping's nine-day no-fly tour of the Italian lakes and the majestic peaks of Switzerland.

Bure Valley Railway - Great rail journeys

One of Britain’s most picturesque regions, Norfolk is full of beautiful sights, from the famous Broads to its magnificent stately homes. It's also a great spot for a foodie break, with its rich agricultural heritage and long coastline. As if that wasn’t tempting enough, you can travel by train through Norfolk on a number of historic railways.

The Bure Valley Railway is one of the best. Hop on board a steam train for a nostalgic trip along Norfolk’s longest narrow-gauge railway. The 18-mile round trip runs from the quaint market town of Aylsham and bustling Wroxham, taking you through the delightful Bure Valley.

You can enjoy a ride on the Bure Valley Railway during a five-day trip to Norfolk - where you'll also tour Sandringham with Lucy Worsley.

Rauma Railway - Great rail journeys

Lovers of lakes and mountain scenery will want to add Norway’s Rauma Railway to their travel plans for 2024.

Stretching 114km, the route takes you from the pretty winter sports resort of Dombas all the way to the mouth of the River Rauma at Andalsnes, passing over 32 bridges and through six different tunnels.

During your journey, you’ll glide past rocky peaks, deep valleys, iconic fjords and thick forests, all of the countryside making Norway a special destination for nature lovers. The granite Kylling Bridge is a highlight, with the Rauma River tumbling over the rocks 200 feet below and the dramatic Vermafossen waterfall nearby.

You'll have the chance to ride the Rauma Railway on our week-long cruise around Norway's incredible fjords and enjoy one of the most scenic parts of the country by rail.

Shinkansen - Great rail journeys

Clean, punctual and speedy, the Shinkansen, or Japan 's bullet train, is the fastest and most comfortable route between Tokyo and Osaka, arriving in a record time of just 2 hours and 30 minutes.

Thanks to the incredible feats of engineering, your surroundings will mostly whizz past so quickly that you’ll be lucky to catch a glimpse! Riding the Tokaido Shinkansen is a fascinating cultural experience that makes for a long-haul rail holiday to remember.

Experience the thrill of the bullet train on our 13-day trip to Japan. You'll ride the iconic train from Tokyo to to Odawara, where you'll a boat trip on tranquil Lake Ashi before ascending over 2,000 metres up Mount Fuji.

Embsay and Bolton Abbey Railway - Great rail journeys

Transporting you through the atmospheric landscapes of the Yorkshire Dales in beautifully restored Victorian and Edwardian carriages, this great rail journey conjures up scenes from countless classics of English literature.

You’ll stop at Oakworth Station along the way, which you might recognise from the 1970 film The Railway Children . It’s barely changed in the decades since and adds to the sense of nostalgia on this charming English steam train journey.

Ride the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Railway during Good Housekeeping's delightful five-day walking tour of the Yorkshire Dales.

Trinichellu — Great rail journeys

Crisscrossing Corsica are the little trinichellu, small trains mounted onto narrow tracks, which make their way across the island and up and down the coast between Calvi and Ile-Rousse. They're mostly used as a shuttle service for the beaches, providing passengers with glorious views as they're transported to Corsica's lovely coastline, lapped with clear water.

Board the trinichellu in Corté, and the train crosses the Eiffel bridge - or the Vecchio Viaduct to give it its official name - and it seems to zig-zag around the bends all the way to the beach at Ajaccio.

Ride the little trains of Corsica during Good Housekeeping's delightful nine-day holiday, including a ride along the coast to Calvi, where you'll enjoy its beautiful beaches and crescent-shaped bay.

Glacier Express - Great rail journeys

Another must-do Swiss rail holiday is the Glacier Express, a wonderful train that allows you to truly appreciate the romantic scenery of the Swiss Alps. Autumn and winter are great seasons to visit, where the landscapes are enhanced by fiery orange hues or covered in a thick blanket of pristine snow.

Dubbed the world's slowest express train, it's an eight-hour experience that takes you through forests, over 291 bridges and through 91 tunnels, with the majestic peaks of the Alps all around.

The large windows allow you to take in all the views, with highlights including the arches of the Landwasser Viaduct and the jagged scenes of the Rhine Gorge.

Join Good Housekeeping for a very special ride on the Glacier Express during a five-day trip to Switzerland. You'll enjoy a three-course lunch while you ascend into the mountains, travelling through the dramatic Oberalp Pass.

Mont Blanc Express - Great rail journeys

Glide through the beautiful French Alps all the way to the foot of their tallest mountain, Mont Blanc , on this magical journey that’s straight out of a postcard.

Comfortable carriages with large picture windows will let you take in all of the beautiful views as you travel from Martigny in Switzerland to the French village of Saint-Gervais-Les-Bains – with mighty Mont Blanc views along the way.

You’ll pass over arched bridges, across leafy valleys, through tunnels and by pretty pine forests, and you can connect to the Brevent cable car in Chamonix. This will take you 2,525 metres above sea level for truly spectacular panoramic views of the Chamonix Valley.

Experience the Mont Blanc Express on a relaxing six-day holiday with Good Housekeeping, which includes a stay on the shores of Lake Annecy.

British Pullman, A Belmond Train - Great rail journeys

This opulent train is steeped in history. Its elegant carriages have starred in Hollywood films, formed part of Winston Churchill’s funeral train, and transported several members of the Royal Family.

A ride on the British Pullman, A Belmond Train will have you feeling like a royal yourself. You'll be welcomed aboard this beautifully restored 1920s train with a chilled Bellini cocktail before sitting back in a decadent art deco carriage at a table set with crisp white linens.

The Ghan - Great rail journeys

In 2024, one of the world’s most iconic rail journeys sees the 20th anniversary of the final section of its line opening – the portion from Alice Springs to Darwin. This is probably the best and certainly the most civilised way to discover some of Australia’s vast and breathtaking interior, with off-train experiences available en route now including the Cutta Cutta Caves and Standley Chasm as well as the likes of guided camel tours and scenic helicopter rides.

The Adelaide–Darwin trip, available in both directions, takes three days and two nights, or you can also do The Red Explorer from Adelaide or Darwin to Alice Springs (or vice versa) over two days and one night.

Avon Valley Railway - Great rail journeys

When you picture the English countryside, chances are the image in your head is a lot like the stretch of endless green from the Cotswolds to the West Country. This charming rural region is a land of rolling hills, ancient fields and pretty stone villages – and a lovely way to experience it is onboard the Avon Valley Railway.

Taking passengers between Bitton – which has been restored to match a classic Victorian station – Oldland Common and Avon Riverside, the line operates classic heritage carriages that will take you back to the glory days of rail travel.

It’s the perfect nostalgic activity for a summer afternoon!

Flamsbana - Great rail journeys

To admire some of Norway’s most memorable mountain views without a difficult hike, simply hop onboard the Flamsbana 'Corkscrew Railway' – one of the world’s steepest standard gauge railways.

The spectacular one-hour route takes you from the village of Myrdal – 866 metres above sea level – down to Flam, on the shores of Aurlandsfjord, along tracks that spiral down the hillside.

You’ll glide past cascading waterfalls like the Kjosfossen as you head into the thickly forested valley – usually coated with glistening snow in winter – and come away with brilliant photos of your unforgettable train journey.

Royal Scotsman - Great rail journeys

Enjoy all the magic of the Scottish Highlands in total luxury on Belmond’s opulent Royal Scotsman train, whose ten Edwardian carriages include an elegant dining room, ensuite cabins with sumptuous beds and picture windows, and even Britain’s first spa on a train – so you can relax with an indulgent beauty treatment as you chug past sky-high peaks and dramatic valleys.

You'll see the highlights of the Highlands on your journey, including Loch Lomond, Ben Nevis, the Isle of Bute and Mount Stuart, all the while savouring exquisite dishes inspired by the Scottish countryside, as well as fine wines and luxurious malt whiskies.

Ecclesbourne Valley Railway - Great rail journeys

Immerse yourself in the beauty of the UK’s first-ever national park, the Peak District, on the Ecclesbourne Valley Railway. It’s Derbyshire's longest heritage railway and will transport you from the gorgeous stone market town of Wirksworth, all narrow lanes and listed buildings, to Duffield, at the mouth of the River Ecclesbourne in the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Area.

The scenery along the way is timeless, think tumbling streams, wide valleys and rolling hills as you pass under ancient bridges and along tracks lined with wildflowers.

For lovers of British heritage railways, this is a unique experience in one of the country’s greatest landscapes.

Venice Simplon-Orient-Express - Great rail journeys

Perhaps the world's most famous and decadent train, the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, A Belmond Train, is a truly magnificent way to travel. Life onboard is an elegant affair of fine dining and fine wines, where conversation and music continue into the night in the fabled Bar Car 3674, and midnight brunch is served.

There are several routes to choose from that travel between some of Europe's most beautiful cities - the likes of Cannes, Rome, Florence, and Venice, with a new route that'll take skiers from Paris to the snowy slopes of the French Alps from next December, too.

Lucky passengers can gaze out of the window of their cabin and watch incredible scenery roll by from the carriages of one of the most splendid trains of all time.

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All Aboard For The UK's Most Incredible Rail Journeys

Posted: 12 July 2023 | Last updated: 12 July 2023

All aboard!

Giant’s Causeway & Bushmills Railway, Northern Ireland

Running for two miles (3.2km) along the trackbed of the former Giant’s Causeway Tram, this narrow-gauge tramway features Northern Ireland’s most famous natural wonder. The original was the first long electric tramway in the world, operating for over 65 years until 1949. Today, the present railway offers incredible views across the rugged landscape as it links the town of Bushmills to the renowned Giant’s Causeway, the picturesque natural rock formation closely associated with myths and legends.

St Ives Bay Line, Cornwall, England

Sweeping along Cornwall’s spectacular coastline, this 4.25 mile (6.8km) route is arguably one of the most beautiful train rides of its kind in England. In just 15 minutes, the railway travels from St Erth past the sparkling sands and eye-popping blue waters of Carbis Bay and Hayle Towans before arriving at the popular seaside town of St Ives. With its close proximity to the beaches, the train provides unobstructed views across the coast.

Bluebell Railway: Sheffield Park to East Grinstead, England

Known as England’s oldest preserved standard-gauge railway, the Bluebell  features one of the finest collections of vintage steam locomotives and carriages in the UK. Surrounded by rolling hills, the 11 mile-long (11.7km) route links Sheffield Park with East Grinstead. Stretching across the West and East Sussex border, the heritage line gets its name from the pretty bluebells that decorate the landscape each spring. With its railway staff dressed in period clothing, original signal boxes and charming vintage carriages, riding the Bluebell Railway is like stepping back in time.

Swanage Railway: Norden to Swanage, England

One of Britain’s most popular heritage railways, the Swanage Railway is the ideal way to explore the Dorset coast. The six-mile (10km) trip chugs through the pretty Purbeck countryside from Norden, with epic views of Corfe Castle, before heading down towards the Victorian seaside town of Swanage. The traditional steam trains offer luxury dining experiences, while a museum detailing the railway’s history can be found at Corfe Castle station.

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Snowdon Mountain Railway: Llanberis to Mount Snowdon, Wales

Travelling up and down the highest peak in England and Wales, the Snowdon Mountain Railway has been serving passengers since 1896. From the town of Llanberis, the steam train climbs four miles (6.4km) to the rocky summit of Snowdon through some of Wales’ most jaw-dropping scenery. Soaring 3,560 feet high (1,075m) at its peak, the journey provides incredible panoramic views across Snowdonia.

Discover more of the best British tourist attractions

North Norfolk Railway: Sheringham to Holt, England

Nicknamed the ‘Poppy Line’, the North Norfolk Railway is one of the five great heritage lines of the UK. Operating since 1887, the railway travels for five-and-a-half miles (8.8km) taking in some of Norfolk’s prettiest sights. Steam locomotives whisk passengers from Sheringham past several Norfolk beauty spots including Kelling Heath and Sheringham Park, as it travels north towards the sea ending at the historic market town of Holt. The railway’s biggest draw are the beautiful primroses, bluebells and yellow gorse that dominate the landscape in early summer while swathes of the famous poppies appear later on in the year.

Riviera Line: Exeter to Paignton, England

The Riviera Line runs 28 miles (46km) along the south Devon coast between Exeter and Paignton and is one of the country’s much-loved railways. Hugging the coastline, the journey begins at the bustling city of Exeter before passing by several pretty seaside towns including Dawlish and Teignmouth, plus dramatic cliff formations as it travels towards the picturesque English Riviera to Paignton.

Isle of Wight Steam Railway

A heritage line with locomotives dating back to the 1860s, the Isle of Wight Steam Railway offers a glimpse into the UK’s golden age of train travel. With steam engines and beautifully restored Victorian and Edwardian carriages, the journey skims around five-and-a-half miles (9km) from Smallbrook Junction to Wootton. The award-winning railway tours through the Isle of Wight’s idyllic countryside and ancient woodland that's buzzing with wildlife. Inside the railway shop at Havenstreet Station, there is a small gallery with artefacts exploring the steam railway’s history including nameplates and tools.

Ffestiniog Railway: Porthmadog to Blaenau Ffestiniog, Wales

The oldest independent railway company in the world, the Ffestiniog Railway has been slicing through the Snowdonia National Park since 1832. The historic train takes passengers 13.5 miles (21.7km) from the harbour in Porthmadog to the slate quarrying town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, winding around the rocky mountains. Highlights from the journey include passing along mountain scenery, tranquil pastures and picture-perfect villages.

Check out these incredible images that capture the history of train travel

Great Central Railway: Loughborough to Leicester, England

Known as the UK’s only double track mainline heritage railway, this impressive railroad travels through central England from north to south. Starting at Loughborough Central, the preserved steam train brings passengers through fields and greenery while stopping at historic country stations including Quorn & Woodhouse and Rothley before it arrives at Leicester North. The eight-mile (13km) railway provides travellers with lovely views of open countryside, the wooded hills of Charnwood Forest and the Swithland Reservoir. 

South Devon Railway: Buckfastleigh to Totnes Riverside, England

The South Devon Railway line begins at Buckfastleigh, a quiet market town set against the beautiful Dartmoor and Devon Hills. Opened in 1872, the former Great Western Railway line meanders for seven miles (11.2km) through peaceful farmland, dense woodland and charming villages before reaching Totnes Riverside station. Trailing up and down the pretty Dart Valley in a magnificent locomotive steam train, the line is a real gem of southwest England.

Heart of Wales Line: Shrewsbury to Swansea, England and Wales

The Heart of Wales Line has been traversing the scenic countryside from the Midlands towards the Welsh coast for more than 150 years. Stretching 121 miles (193km) long, the rural railway starts at the quaint town of Shrewsbury, passing through the rolling Shropshire Hills before crossing the border into some of the most charming spa towns in Wales, including Llangammarch Wells. The train then travels past the magnificent Sugarloaf summit and the surrounding scenery before arriving at the city of Swansea.

Welsh Highland Railway: Caernarfon to Porthmadog, Wales

Winding 25 miles (40km) across Snowdonia, the Welsh Highland Railway is the longest heritage railway in the UK. Passing the foot of Snowdon from Caernarfon, the train cuts through the gorgeous Aberglaslyn Pass before arriving at Porthmadog on the Welsh coast where it shares a track gauge with the Ffestiniog Railway.

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Kyle Line: Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh, Scotland

Whether it’s starting from Inverness or Kyle of Lochalsh, this coast to coast rail journey through the Scottish Highlands is a truly unforgettable experience. Spanning 80 miles (129km) from Scotland’s east coast to the west, the Kyle Line travels from jagged peaks and dense forests to picturesque hillsides and glittering lochs. The spectacular journey takes around two hours and 40 minutes featuring gorgeous views of Skye, stunning Highland scenery and the pretty shores of Loch Alsh. 

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North Yorkshire Moors Railway: Pickering to Whitby, England

Considered one of the greatest heritage railways in the UK, the North York Moors line has been slicing through Yorkshire’s incredible countryside since 1836. Its vintage steam and diesel trains transport passengers 24 miles (38.6km) back in time through the North York Moors National Park, from the pretty market town of Pickering to the historic seaside resort of Whitby. There are plenty of beautiful sights and fun attractions along the way, including the lovely village of Levisham and the famous Goathland Station which served as the original Hogsmeade Station in  Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone .

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Tanfield Railway: East Tanfield and Gateshead, England

With nearly 300 years of history to its name, the Tanfield Railway is one of the oldest railways in the world. Its first wagonway was built in 1725 and the railway has been operating its service through northeast England ever since. Its beautifully preserved Victorian steam trains whisk passengers on a six-mile (9.7km) long scenic journey between East Tanfield and Gateshead, through the picturesque Causey Valley and rolling countryside.

Cambrian Line: Shrewsbury to Pwllheli, Wales

Following the gentle curve of Cardigan Bay and the Wales Coastal Path from Shrewsbury, the Cambrian Line takes in some of the most breathtaking beauty spots on the Welsh coastline. Starting at Shrewsbury, the line spans 120 miles (193km) of unspoilt natural beauty crossing into Wales through the rocky Cambrian mountains, quaint market towns, World Heritage Sites and castles towards the west coast. The railway merges with the Cambrian Coastal route before ending at the market town of Pwllheli on the Llyn Peninsula.

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West Highland Line: Fort William to Mallaig, Scotland

Often considered one of the greatest railway journeys in the world, this 84-mile (135km) round trip takes passengers on the West Highland Line through some of Scotland’s most impressive attractions. The Jacobite steam train starts at Ben Nevis, Britain’s highest mountain, closely passing by the deepest loch and the shortest river in Britain, Loch Morar and River Morar, respectively. The train rounds off the incredible journey at Loch Nevis near the fishing port of Mallaig. Some may recognise the train carriages and the Glenfinnan Viaduct en route as the iconic Hogwarts Express from the Harry Potter films.

Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway, England

In the heart of the Lake District National Park, this scenic stretch of tracks in Cumbria is all that remains of the former Furness Railway. Following its closure in the 1960s due to a drop in passengers, three-and-a-half miles (5.6km) of the line was reopened in 1973 as the Lakeside & Haverthwaite Railway. Today, its nostalgic 1950s steam trains take passengers from the village of Haverthwaite past peaceful countryside before ending at the lovely Lakeside Pier at the foot of the famous Lake Windermere, England's largest natural lake.

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Far North Line: Inverness to Thurso, Scotland

Traversing the northern edge of the Scottish Highlands, the Far North Line joins Inverness with Wick and also Thurso, the most northerly station in the UK. Hugging Scotland’s east coast for the majority of the 110-mile (177km) long journey, the rural trip takes just over eight hours in total from Inverness, crossing the rugged firths of Beauly, Cromarty and Dornoch before travelling into Helmsdale Valley towards the fishing town of Thurso. Impressive sights en route include Dunrobin Castle, home of the Dukes of Sutherland, and the magnificent views across the Orkney Islands from Thurso.

Londonderry & Coleraine Railway: Derry to Coleraine, Northern Ireland

Winding through some of Northern Ireland’s most picturesque spots, we can see why actor and explorer Michael Palin described this short train ride as “one of the most beautiful rail journeys in the world” . Although just under an hour-long, the 29-mile (47km) railway between Derry and Coleraine packs in plenty of stunning sights. Following the River Foyle, the route showcases breathtaking views of the golden sands of Benone Strand, colourful seaside villages and the magnificent Binevenagh Mountain.

Severn Valley Railway: Kidderminster to Bridgnorth, England

The Severn Valley Railway is a charming steam train railroad that runs along the Severn Valley in the West Midlands. The 16-mile (26km) route between Kidderminster, Bewdley and Bridgnorth takes in picture-perfect countryside views as it trails through charming towns and villages. The journey mostly follows the River Severn as it zigzags through the landscape and takes around 70 minutes each way.

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Tyne Valley Line: Carlisle to Newcastle upon Tyne, England

Following the River Tyne as it zigzags through northeast England, the Tyne Valley Line joins together Newcastle with Carlisle. Originally opened in the 1830s, the pretty line travels for 60 miles (96.6km) along much of the former Newcastle & Carlisle Railway route, crossing the magnificent Tyne Bridge towards Wylam, where railway inventor George Stephenson was born. Other highlights along the route include Hadrian’s Wall and the ancient market town of Hexham.

Looe Valley Line: Liskeard to Looe, England

Snaking through the picturesque Looe Valley in southeast Cornwall, this short but sweet train ride is filled with beautiful views and incredible wildlife. Passing through the heavily wooded valley, the peaceful nine-mile (14km) journey connects the historic market town of Liskeard with the idyllic fishing port of Looe, known for its pretty sandy beaches. Trailing past the estuary as it nears the East Looe River, little egrets and grey herons can be seen wading in the waters, making it a bird watcher’s paradise. 

Royal Scotsman: Scotland’s Classic Splendours, Scotland

Scotland’s Classic Splendours Tour is an epic cross-country journey through the heart of Scotland. Passengers step aboard a luxury Royal Scotsman Belmond train for a 720-mile (1,159km) round trip venturing through the middle of the Scottish Highlands. Spread across five days, the journey begins in Edinburgh, taking in cities including Dundee, Inverness, Montrose and Perth before looping back to the capital. The train also passes through the Cairngorms National Park, the largest in the UK, and the famous Forth Bridge, one of the greatest crossings in the world. 

Cumbrian Coast Line: Barrow-in-Furness to Carlisle, England

The Cumbrian Coast Line is a wonderful route that loops through some of the county’s most spectacular sights and hidden gems. Trawling 85 miles (137km) from Barrow-in-Furness to Carlisle, the train takes travellers through rolling fields, striking fells and provides breathtaking views across the Irish Sea. The line's main attractions include Maryport, a tiny town that lies at the site of a Roman port and is steeped in history, the beautiful Black Combe fell and the incredible Lake District National Park. 

Gloucester Warwickshire Steam Railway, England

The Gloucester Warwickshire Steam Railway offers a 28-mile (45km) round trip through some of the loveliest scenery in the Cotswolds. Using part of the former Great Western Railway line, the steam and diesel trains set off from Cheltenham Racecourse offering incredible views of sleepy hamlets and villages across the pretty Malvern Hills and beyond, finishing at Broadway in Worcestershire. 

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Settle to Carlisle Railway: Yorkshire Dales National Park, England

Dubbed one of the world’s greatest railway journeys, the Settle-Carlisle line serves as a lasting monument to incredible Victorian engineering. Completed in 1875, the 73-mile (117.5km) long railway was built almost entirely by hand and took seven years to construct. The heritage line travels from the Yorkshire Dales to Cumbria through some of England’s finest countryside. One of the prettiest spots is when the train crosses the famous Ribblehead Viaduct which looms over the Yorkshire landscape.

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Compensation payouts to UK rail passengers for delays hit £100m a year

Record sum follows cancellation or part-cancellation of almost 320,000 train services in past year

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Compensation paid to passengers for train delays in Britain has reached record levels, with annual payouts surpassing £100m and the number of claims for delayed or cancelled trains continuing to grow.

Payouts to passengers for disrupted journeys reached £101.3m in the year to April 2023 – up by 155% from £39m in 2021-22.

The latest official data from the rail regulator , the Office of Rail and Road, suggests the financial hit is likely to be much higher again in 2023-24. The number of approved claims recorded across all train operators in Britain until early January – 4.6m – exceeded the previous year’s tally with several months remaining.

While the compensation total partly reflects a rebound in train travel after the Covid crisis, the growing figures far outstrip the 40% rise in passenger numbers.

Almost 320,000 train services were cancelled or part-cancelled in the past year in Britain. Strikes, staff shortages, damaged rail infrastructure and mechanical failures on trains all contributed to a year of disruption and delayed journeys across the railways. Labour said it showed that the taxpayer was “carrying the can” for worsening rail services.

Though wholesale rail reform has been promised, under current contracts, the compensation bill is funded by the taxpayer – the government pays operators a management fee regardless of performance and carries the cost of lost revenue.

The payouts for delays covered only scheduled services, as trains that are removed from the timetable usually do not trigger compensation – a policy that has drawn huge criticism on lines such as Avanti West Coast and TransPennine Express .

The growing bill partly reflects increasing automated payouts. Some train operators now issue refunds immediately to passengers who have booked advance journeys through their websites, or to registered season ticket holders during disruption. The industry has also improved its response to complaints; more than 99% of claims are resolved within 20 days.

Labour said some of the worst operators for cancellations were being rewarded for failure. CrossCountry and Avanti West Coast’s parent companies have paid out millions to shareholders and were awarded contract extensions by ministers last year.

The shadow transport secretary, Louise Haigh, said: “Thanks to this government, it makes no difference to the management fee private rail operators receive if services are delayed or cancelled – they pick up a lucrative, publicly funded cheque regardless. It is the taxpayer forced to carry the can for our broken, dysfunctional rail network.”

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Labour has said that if elected, it will bring train operations back into public ownership as contracts expire.

A spokesperson for the Rail Delivery Group, representing train operators, said they apologised to everyone affected, adding: “When train delays or cancellations do occur, it’s important that customers know how to claim for compensation. We have taken steps to simplify this process and the ORR [Office of Rail and Road] data confirms that 99.5% of all delay compensation claims were closed within 20 working days. “Performance on the railway is not as good as it should be. The rail industry is working hard to make trains more reliable, and we’re recruiting and training new staff to improve resilience.”

A Department for Transport spokesperson said: “This increase reflects a combination of an improved compensation claims process, Aslef’s industrial action and the impact of weather-related disruption.

“We have made no secret about the need to reform the railways and while we work with the industry to deliver our rail reform plan, we continue to hold the industry account for disruption that is within their control and to ensure value for money for taxpayers.”

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