travel to puerto rico undocumented

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Guide for Undocumented Individuals Traveling in the U.S.

Themes/Topics: Law & Policy

Geography: California, National

Audience: Ally, Educator, Undocumented Youth

Introduction

Traveling in the U.S. can be a complicated and stressful process for anyone—even more so if you’re undocumented! But it doesn’t have to be complicated. If you’re thinking of traveling as an undocumented person (with or without DACA) and are curious about how to travel safely, read on. Safe travels, undocu-travelers!

Introduction Domestic Flights Ground Transportation: Public Buses & Trains Ground Transportation: Driving Traveling to U.S. Territories

Domestic Flights

All travelers flying on a domestic flight must present a valid (unexpired) photo ID issued by the state or federal government. Undocumented individuals may use the following forms of ID accepted by TSA:

• State photo identity card
• State driver’s license
• Military ID
• Foreign passport (must be unexpired 1 )
• U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service Employment Authorization Card
• Trusted traveler cards such as the NEXUS, SENTRI and FAST cards issued by the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”)
• Border-crossing cards
• Native American tribal ID cards
• Airline or airport photo ID cards issued in compliance with TSA regulations and transportation worker ID credential

For a full list of TSA-acceptable forms of ID click here .

FAQ Regarding Domestic Flights

Yes, as noted above, the list of approved identification to fly domestically includes foreign government-issued passports (must be valid) and/or a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Employment Authorization Card (I-766). There have been reports of individuals who were not able to fly with these documents due to erroneous TSA agent denials. In such instances, inform the TSA agent that according to posted Transportation Security Administration guidelines, these are acceptable documents. Here is the link: tsa.gov/travel/security-screening/identification

We recommend that you review TSA’s most up-to-date guidelines before your domestic flight.

Ground Transportation: Public Buses & Trains

There have been reports, especially during the Trump Administration, of Border Patrol agents conducting immigration checks without warrants on buses and trains, such as Greyhound and Amtrak. Although Customs Border Patrol (CBP) has publicly said that its agents are prohibited from boarding buses/trains and questioning passengers without warrants or a company’s consent, it’s a good idea for any passenger to be aware of the following rights:

• You have the right to remain silent.
• When in doubt, do not answer questions about your citizenship or immigration status or sign any paperwork without the advice of a lawyer. Do not lie – silence is often better.
• If you have valid immigration papers, you can provide them. Never provide false documents.
• You can refuse a search of your belongings by saying “I do not consent to a search.”
• You have the right to record video of immigration agents.
• If you are stopped or searched, you have the right to ask for the officer’s name / ID number.

FAQ Regarding Ground Transportation

Ground transportation: driving.

Like citizens, certain non-citizens may be eligible to drive legally. In some states, certain non-citizens are eligible to apply for a driver’s license. Check your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to determine if you are eligible to apply for a driver’s license regardless of your immigration status. If you are stopped by either law enforcement or immigration enforcement while in your car, consider the following recommendations:

• Stop the car in a safe place as quickly as possible. Turn off the car, turn on the internal light, open the window part way, and place your hands on the wheel.
• Upon request, show the police your driver’s license, registration, and proof of insurance.
• If an officer or immigration agent asks to search your car, you can refuse. However, if the police believe your car contains evidence of a crime, they can search it without your consent.
• Both drivers and passengers have the right to remain silent. If you’re a passenger, you can also ask if you’re free to leave. If yes, silently leave.

FAQ Regarding Driving

Below are some noted checkpoints within California. Be prepared. Plan your route of travel and check before traveling.

• San Clemente: located 7 miles south of San Clemente on Interstate 5.
• Temecula: located 24 miles north of Escondido on Interstate 15.
• Highway 79: located 1 mile west of Sunshine Summit.
• I-8 West: located 3 miles east of Pine Valley on Interstate 8.
• Highway 94: located 24 miles east of San Diego on California State Route 94.
• Highway 78/86: located just south of the intersection of California State Routes 78 and 86, just west of the Salton Sea, controlling northbound traffic only.
• Highway 111: located between Niland and Bombay Beach.
• Highway S2: located 7 miles north of Ocotillo and I-8 in eastern San Diego County on S2 (Imperial Hwy/Sweeney Pass Road) between I-8 and State Route 78.

Traveling to U.S. Territories

Undocumented individuals who hold a temporary protection (e.g. TPS/DACA-recipients) may travel to the U.S. Territories without Advance Parole. However, it’s important to know where and how to safely travel overseas to the U.S. Territories.

IMPORTANT : Traveling to the U.S Territories without DACA, even though a person has never technically left the U.S., could result in a referral to ICE for removal.

You may also find the following information on the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (USCBP) website helpful.

[1] If you’re traveling with an expired license or passport you may still be able to fly. Acceptable forms of ID cannot be more than 12 months past the identified expiration date. Click here for more information.

This resource was created by Jesús Flores Rodríguez with editing support from Claire Calderón and Denia Pérez, Esq.

Immigrants Rising helps you make decisions based on your potential, not your perceived limits. Visit our website so you can see what’s possible: immigrantsrising.org . For inquiries regarding this resource, please contact Jesus Flores, Legal Services Coordinator, at [email protected] . Revised 9/2023.

Related Resource:

• Guía para personas indocumentadas que viajan en EE.UU.

Can Undocumented Immigrants Fly to Puerto Rico? A Quick Guide

Traveling to Puerto Rico as an undocumented immigrant might seem like a possibility since it is a U.S. territory, but the implications of doing so are not always clear. As an undocumented immigrant, you would want to ensure that you’re informed about the risks and regulations associated with traveling to Puerto Rico . In this article, we’ll explore the factors to consider before making a decision to visit this beautiful Caribbean island.

ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS

Can Undocumented Immigrants Fly to Puerto Rico?

The eligibility for undocumented individuals to travel to Puerto Rico is restricted. Despite Puerto Rico being a US territory, it operates under distinct regulations from the mainland United States . Consequently,   undocumented immigrants are unable to fly to Puerto Rico without complying with customs and immigration procedures   . These mandatory checks must be cleared before entry into the territory is granted.

First, it’s essential to understand that Puerto Rico falls under U.S. jurisdiction, meaning you will need valid identification to travel there . While you might not face the same customs and immigration checks as if you were traveling to the U.S. mainland, the potential danger arises when an undocumented alien enters any U.S. airport. It’s vital to weigh your options and consider whether the risks of engaging in air travel as an undocumented immigrant outweigh the benefits.

In the next paragraphs, we’ll share valuable information to help you determine if flying to Puerto Rico is worth pursuing, as well as alternative travel options available to you. With this information at hand, you’ll be better prepared to make an informed choice about whether to embark on this journey or seek alternative destinations.

Traveling to Puerto Rico for Undocumented Immigrants

Domestic flights vs. international flights.

When considering a trip to Puerto Rico, it’s essential to understand the difference between domestic and international flights. As an undocumented immigrant, this distinction is particularly important for your travel plans.

Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory , which means that flights to and from the island are generally treated as domestic flights within the United States . This is beneficial for you because domestic flights typically have less stringent security measures and identification requirements than international ones.

However, there are some potential risks you should be aware of when planning your trip. Although Puerto Rico does not require a visa or permit for entry, undocumented immigrants may still encounter customs and immigration checks while traveling. When entering a U.S. airport, you may be subject to additional scrutiny, so it’s crucial to consider this risk before booking your trip.

To minimize potential issues, make sure you have valid identification documents, such as a foreign passport . U.S. citizens traveling to Puerto Rico only need a valid government-issued photo ID, just like for any other domestic flight.

Documentation Requirements

Passports and government-issued ids.

If you’re an undocumented immigrant, be aware that your foreign passport may still allow you to travel to Puerto Rico, but there are risks associated with this.

Real ID and Employment Authorization Card

Starting May 3, 2023, U.S. citizens will be required to have a Real ID in order to board a domestic flight or enter certain federal facilities.

If you are an undocumented immigrant with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status, you can apply for an Employment Authorization Card (EAD). This card can be useful when traveling to U.S. territories, including Puerto Rico. However, having an EAD does not guarantee smooth travel, and it is strongly recommended that you carry other USCIS documents showing deferred status to facilitate your return trip.

Legal Issues and Considerations

When considering traveling to Puerto Rico as an undocumented immigrant, it’s essential to be aware of the legal issues and potential risks involved. This section contains information about the role of the Department of Homeland Security, deportation risks, and asylum.

Department of Homeland Security Involvement

When you travel to Puerto Rico, you might encounter immigration checks conducted by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Agencies such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are part of DHS and are responsible for enforcing immigration laws.

If you’re an undocumented individual, this increases the risk of being detected and facing legal consequences. Domestic flights within the United States, including those to Puerto Rico, may require valid identification, which could be problematic if you don’t have proper documentation.

Deportation Risks

There is always a risk of deportation for undocumented immigrants, especially when attempting to travel. As mentioned earlier, undocumented immigrants cannot fly to Puerto Rico without going through customs and immigration checks . If detected, ICE may initiate deportation proceedings, and you could be removed from the United States.

If you fear persecution in your home country and can’t return due to a well-founded fear, it’s essential to consider the option of seeking asylum in the United States.

You may qualify for this protection based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. In such cases, consult an experienced immigration attorney before attempting any travel to ensure you follow the proper legal process and minimize the risk to your safety and legal status.

Remember, the information provided here is only a general overview and should not be considered legal advice . Always seek the help of a qualified immigration attorney to discuss your specific situation and determine the best course of action for you. The journey for undocumented individuals is often filled with uncertainty, but being informed about your options can help you navigate the complex legal landscape.

Tips and Practical Information

Seeking legal advice before traveling.

Before making any travel plans to Puerto Rico, it’s crucial to seek legal advice to better understand your situation and the potential risks associated with your travel. A lawyer can provide you with information regarding your immigration status and the possible consequences of traveling to Puerto Rico.

Passports and Documentation

When traveling to Puerto Rico, make sure you have a valid travel document, such as a foreign passport. Ensure that your passport expires at least six months later than your scheduled return date. Although Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, you won’t need a U.S. visa to visit the island as long as you have a valid travel document.

TSA Check-In Process

As an undocumented immigrant, it’s important to be aware of the TSA check-in process at airports within the United States, including those in Puerto Rico.

When you arrive at the airport for your flight, you will need to present your travel document at the check-in counter. Be prepared for potential questioning and screening by TSA officers. It’s crucial to remain calm and cooperative during these interactions.

Navigating Customs and Border Protection

Upon arrival in Puerto Rico, you may encounter U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents at the airport. These agents are responsible for ensuring compliance with U.S. immigration laws. Be prepared to present your travel document to the agents and answer any questions they may have about your stay .

Keep in mind that the information provided here is general in nature and may not apply to your specific situation. It’s always best to consult with a qualified immigration attorney before making any travel plans to Puerto Rico. Remember, the more prepared and informed you are, the more smoothly your trip is likely to go. Happy travels!

Frequently Asked Questions

Do i need legal documents to fly to puerto rico from the united states.

Yes, to board a flight from any U.S. state, including Puerto Rico, you need to have some form of valid identification, such as a passport, driver’s license, or valid ID.

Can I fly to Puerto Rico if I am an undocumented immigrant?

Yes, undocumented immigrants can fly to Puerto Rico from the United States in most cases. Airlines typically do not inquire about your immigration status for domestic flights.

Do I need a visa to fly to Puerto Rico if I am an undocumented immigrant?

No, you do not need a specific visa to fly to Puerto Rico if you are an undocumented immigrant and are within U.S. territory. Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S.

Can I fly to Puerto Rico from another country if I am undocumented in the United States?

If you are undocumented in the United States, the regulations are different when flying from another country. In most cases, you will need a valid visa to enter Puerto Rico from abroad.

What documentation is required to board an international flight to Puerto Rico?

If you are flying to Puerto Rico from a foreign country, you will need valid documentation, usually including a passport and, in some cases, a visa, depending on your nationality and immigration status.

Can I be deported from Puerto Rico if I am undocumented?

It is unlikely that you will be deported from Puerto Rico if you arrived from the United States, and your flight is of a domestic nature. However, if you arrived in Puerto Rico from another country and do not meet the entry requirements, you could face deportation. It is essential to always verify the entry requirements before traveling.

Can an illegal immigrant travel to puerto rico 2023?

In most cases, illegal immigrants can travel to Puerto Rico from the United States without issues, as Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. Regulations may vary if you are arriving from another country, so it is crucial to check the requirements before traveling.

If you’re interested in other similar articles to this one, you can read the ones we have listed below:

Can Undocumented Immigrants Get Medicaid?

Can Undocumented Immigrants Fly To Puerto Rico? Here’s What You Need To Know!

Sharing is caring!

Whether undocumented immigrants can fly to Puerto Rico is a complex and sensitive issue. 

It is important to note that immigration policies and regulations can vary between countries and regions.

Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States and, therefore, subject to the immigration laws and regulations enforced by the U.S. government.

Undocumented immigrants face numerous challenges and restrictions when it comes to travel, including the possibility of being detained or deported upon arrival in the United States. 

Undocumented immigrants can fly to Puerto Rico without a visa.

However, it is worth noting that Puerto Rico has a unique status as a U.S. territory and therefore has immigration laws and regulations that may differ from those of the mainland United States.

While Puerto Rico may have more lenient immigration policies than the mainland, undocumented immigrants must be aware of the potential risks and consequences of traveling to Puerto Rico.  

It is highly advised to consult with an immigration attorney or seek legal advice before considering any travel plans.

Table of Contents

Can Undocumented Immigrants Fly To Puerto Rico?

The travel restrictions for undocumented immigrants can vary depending on the specific laws and regulations of the destination country.

Undocumented immigrants may fly to Puerto Rico. 

When flying to Puerto Rico, it is important to understand the current immigration policies.

As of the time of writing this article, Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States. 

This means that the immigration laws and restrictions of the United States apply to travel to Puerto Rico. 

Therefore, undocumented immigrants face the same restrictions as they would when traveling to any other part of the United States.

Undocumented immigrants do not have legal immigration status in the United States, which can affect their ability to travel freely. 

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) requires all passengers to provide valid identification before boarding a domestic flight. 

Undocumented immigrants do not possess the necessary documentation, such as a valid U.S. visa or passport, to meet this requirement.

It is important to note that immigration policies and regulations can change over time. 

It is recommended that undocumented immigrants consult with an immigration attorney or a reputable immigration organization for the most up-to-date information regarding travel restrictions and requirements. 

How Does Puerto Rico’s Status As A U.S. Territory Affects Air Travel For Undocumented Immigrants?

Undocumented immigrants face many challenges regarding air travel, as they often have concerns about potential immigration enforcement actions at airports. 

However, it is important to note that the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) policies apply throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico , a U.S. territory. 

Here is how Puerto Rico’s status affects air travel for undocumented immigrants:

TSA Screening

When traveling to or from Puerto Rico, undocumented immigrants are subject to the same TSA screening procedures as any other passenger.  

The TSA’s primary focus is on the security of the flight, and its policies do not directly address immigration status.

Identification Requirements 

To board a domestic flight in the United States, including Puerto Rico, passengers above the age of 18 are required to present a valid form of identification. 

The TSA accepts various forms of identification from both U.S. citizens and non-citizens, such as a driver’s license or a passport. 

However, undocumented immigrants may not have access to these types of identification.

ICE Presence

While the TSA’s main concern is flight security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) may be present at airports. 

Undocumented immigrants need to be aware of their rights and consult legal counsel if they have any concerns.

For more information on TSA policies and airport security procedures in Puerto Rico, it is advisable to visit the official TSA website or consult with an immigration attorney for personalized advice.

What Are The Potential Challenges For Undocumented Individuals In Meeting These Identification Requirements?

Undocumented immigrants face particular challenges when meeting identification requirements for travel to Puerto Rico. 

Here are some potential hurdles that they may encounter:

1. Lack Of Proper Identification

Undocumented immigrants may not possess the necessary identification documents required for air travel , such as a valid passport or government-issued ID. 

Without these documents, they may face difficulties when boarding an airplane.

2. Increased Scrutiny

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) policies in the United States have ramped up scrutiny and enforcement measures against undocumented individuals.  

This increased focus on immigration status raises the risk of detention or deportation for those without proper documentation.

3. Fear Of Detection

Undocumented immigrants often fear being detected and detained by immigration authorities. 

This fear can deter them from attempting to travel, even to destinations like Puerto Rico, where a passport is not required for entry.

Individuals in this situation must know the potential risks and challenges when attempting to fly to Puerto Rico or any other destination. 

Seeking legal advice and understanding the current immigration policies and requirements is crucial for the safety and well-being of undocumented individuals.

What Are The Public Opinion And Advocacy Efforts?

The topic of undocumented immigrants flying to Puerto Rico has sparked a wide range of public opinions and advocacy efforts. 

Here is a closer look at these perspectives:

​Some individuals and organizations argue that allowing undocumented immigrants to fly to Puerto Rico is a humanitarian issue.  

They advocate for providing safe and legal means for individuals to seek refuge and build a better life for themselves and their families.

On the other side of the spectrum, some people express concerns about the potential strain on resources and the potential impact on the local economy.  

They argue that prioritizing the needs of undocumented immigrants could have negative consequences for the residents of Puerto Rico.

Advocacy Efforts

Various advocacy groups and organizations have emerged to address the issue. 

These groups work to raise awareness, promote dialogue, and lobby for policy changes that reflect their stance on undocumented immigrants flying to Puerto Rico.

It is important to note that public opinion on this topic can vary significantly, and discussions surrounding it often involve complex ethical, legal, and socio-economic considerations. 

To delve deeper into this issue, further research is recommended, exploring different perspectives and the specific context of Puerto Rico.

What Are The Alternative Transportation Options For Undocumented Individuals Traveling To Puerto Rico?

While undocumented immigrants may face restrictions when it comes to flying to Puerto Rico, there are still alternative transportation options available that they can consider.

Here are a few possibilities:

Traveling By Sea

Undocumented individuals can explore the option of traveling to Puerto Rico by sea.  

This may involve finding a private boat or yacht owner willing to provide transportation or looking into commercial cruise ship options.

Traveling Via Ferry

Some neighboring islands, such as the Dominican Republic or the British Virgin Islands, offer ferry services to Puerto Rico.  

Undocumented individuals can explore these options if they are already in these countries.

Land Transportation

Undocumented immigrants located close to Puerto Rico may consider traveling by land.  

They can explore road transportation options, such as buses or private vehicles, that can take them to Puerto Rico.

It is important to note that these alternative transportation options may have their own requirements, restrictions, and potential risks. 

It is advised for undocumented individuals to thoroughly research and understand the legal implications and logistical challenges associated with each option before making any travel arrangements.

Direct flights make it quick to reach the destination. You can take direct flights to Greek islands and many other destinations.

However, if you are unable to fly you may consider alternative transport options.

In conclusion, undocumented immigrants can fly to Puerto Rico without needing a visa, as Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States. 

However, it is important to note that they may not face immediate immigration issues when flying to Puerto Rico.

Their undocumented status may still pose challenges regarding employment, housing, and access to services on the island.

Undocumented immigrants must understand their rights and limitations when traveling to Puerto Rico or any other destination. 

It is recommended that individuals consult with an immigration attorney or seek legal advice to understand their options and potential risks better.

It is worth noting that immigration policies and regulations can change over time, so it is important to stay informed through reliable sources and legal counsel. 

For more information on the specific immigration policies and requirements for traveling to Puerto Rico, it is recommended to visit the official website of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or consult with an immigration attorney.

Remember, each individual’s circumstances may vary, and it is crucial to seek professional guidance to ensure compliance with immigration laws and regulations.

Best Wishes!

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Can Undocumented Immigrants Travel to Puerto Rico?

Can Undocumented Immigrants Travel To Puerto Rico?

Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, but it’s not part of the United States. This can lead to confusion about whether undocumented immigrants can travel to Puerto Rico. The answer is: it depends.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the rules and regulations governing undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico. We’ll also discuss the potential consequences of traveling to Puerto Rico without authorization.

By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of the legalities of undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico. You’ll also be able to make an informed decision about whether or not it’s safe for you to travel to the island.

History of Immigration to Puerto Rico

Pre-Columbian era

The first inhabitants of Puerto Rico were the Tano people, who arrived from South America around 1000 BC. The Tanos were a peaceful and agricultural people who lived in small villages. They had a complex social and political system, and their culture was rich in art, music, and dance.

Spanish colonization

In 1493, Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Puerto Rico during his second voyage to the New World. The Spanish quickly conquered the Tanos and began to settle the island. They brought with them their own culture and religion, and they began to exploit the island’s natural resources.

U.S. annexation

In 1898, the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War. As a result of the war, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. The island became a U.S. territory, and its residents became U.S. citizens.

Post-war migration

In the decades following the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico experienced a period of rapid economic growth. This growth attracted a large number of immigrants from other parts of the Caribbean, as well as from Spain and the United States.

Recent trends

In recent years, the number of immigrants to Puerto Rico has declined. This decline is due to a number of factors, including the economic recession, the rising cost of living, and the increasing violence in the island.

Legal Status of Undocumented Immigrants in Puerto Rico

Federal laws

The federal laws that apply to undocumented immigrants in Puerto Rico are the same as the laws that apply to undocumented immigrants in the rest of the United States. These laws include the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), and the REAL ID Act.

Puerto Rico is not a state, so it does not have its own state laws on immigration. However, Puerto Rico does have its own local laws on immigration. These laws are generally more lenient than the federal laws, and they provide some protections for undocumented immigrants.

The local laws that apply to undocumented immigrants in Puerto Rico vary from municipality to municipality. Some municipalities have adopted ordinances that provide additional protections for undocumented immigrants, while other municipalities have adopted ordinances that are more hostile to undocumented immigrants.

Enforcement practices

The enforcement of immigration laws in Puerto Rico is the responsibility of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). ICE has a presence in Puerto Rico, and it conducts raids and arrests of undocumented immigrants. However, the enforcement of immigration laws in Puerto Rico is not as aggressive as it is in the rest of the United States.

The legal status of undocumented immigrants in Puerto Rico is complex and evolving. The federal laws, state laws, and local laws that apply to undocumented immigrants in Puerto Rico can vary significantly. The enforcement of immigration laws in Puerto Rico is also inconsistent. As a result, it can be difficult for undocumented immigrants to understand their rights and responsibilities.

3. Impact of Undocumented Immigration on Puerto Rico

Undocumented immigration has a significant impact on Puerto Rico, both economically and socially.

Economic impact

The economic impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is complex and multifaceted. On the one hand, undocumented immigrants contribute to the economy by working and paying taxes. They also create jobs and stimulate the economy by spending money on goods and services. On the other hand, undocumented immigrants can also put a strain on the economy by using public services such as healthcare and education without paying taxes.

Overall, the net economic impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is unclear. Some studies have found that undocumented immigrants have a positive impact on the economy, while others have found that they have a negative impact.

Social impact

The social impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is also complex and multifaceted. On the one hand, undocumented immigrants can contribute to the social fabric of Puerto Rico by bringing new skills and perspectives. They can also help to fill labor shortages in certain industries. On the other hand, undocumented immigrants can also create social tensions, especially if they are perceived as taking jobs away from native-born Puerto Ricans.

Overall, the net social impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is unclear. Some studies have found that undocumented immigrants have a positive social impact, while others have found that they have a negative social impact.

Political impact

The political impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is also complex and multifaceted. On the one hand, undocumented immigrants can play an important role in Puerto Rico’s political system by voting and participating in other political activities. On the other hand, undocumented immigrants can also be a source of political tension, especially if they are perceived as a threat to the sovereignty of Puerto Rico.

Overall, the net political impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is unclear. Some studies have found that undocumented immigrants have a positive political impact, while others have found that they have a negative political impact.

4. Policy Options for Addressing Undocumented Immigration to Puerto Rico

There are a number of policy options that can be considered to address undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico. These options include:

• Reforming federal laws . The federal government has the primary responsibility for immigration policy in the United States. As such, the most effective way to address undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico would be to reform federal laws. This could include changes to the legal immigration system, such as increasing the number of visas available, or changes to the enforcement of immigration laws, such as making it easier for undocumented immigrants to legalize their status.
• Strengthening state and local laws . In addition to federal laws, state and local governments can also play a role in addressing undocumented immigration. This could include passing laws that make it more difficult for undocumented immigrants to work or rent housing, or providing funding for programs that help undocumented immigrants to legalize their status.
• Improving enforcement practices . The federal government can also improve its enforcement of immigration laws in Puerto Rico. This could include increasing the number of immigration agents in Puerto Rico, or making it easier for the government to deport undocumented immigrants.
• Addressing the root causes of undocumented immigration . The most effective way to address undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico is to address the root causes of the problem. This includes addressing poverty, inequality, and violence in Central America and Mexico, the countries from which most undocumented immigrants come to Puerto Rico.

Each of these policy options has its own advantages and disadvantages. There is no single solution that will solve the problem of undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico. However, by considering all of these options, policymakers can develop a comprehensive strategy to address this complex issue.

Undocumented immigration is a complex issue with no easy solutions. The impact of undocumented immigration on Puerto Rico is also complex and multifaceted. There are a number of policy options that can be considered to address undocumented immigration to Puerto Rico, but there is no single solution that will solve the problem. By considering all of the available options, policymakers can develop a comprehensive strategy to address this complex issue.

Can undocumented immigrants travel to Puerto Rico?

Yes, undocumented immigrants can travel to Puerto Rico. However, they may not be able to stay there indefinitely.

What are the requirements for undocumented immigrants to travel to Puerto Rico?

Undocumented immigrants must have a valid passport or other travel document issued by their home country. They must also have a visa or other permit authorizing them to enter Puerto Rico.

What are the restrictions on undocumented immigrants traveling to Puerto Rico?

Undocumented immigrants cannot stay in Puerto Rico for more than 180 days. They must also leave Puerto Rico within 30 days of the expiration of their visa or other permit.

What are the consequences of violating the restrictions on undocumented immigrants traveling to Puerto Rico?

Undocumented immigrants who violate the restrictions on travel to Puerto Rico may be arrested and deported. They may also be denied entry to Puerto Rico in the future.

Are there any other resources available for undocumented immigrants who want to travel to Puerto Rico?

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) provides a variety of resources for undocumented immigrants who want to travel to Puerto Rico. These resources can be found on the USCIS website.

the answer to the question of whether undocumented immigrants can travel to Puerto Rico is a complex one. There are a number of factors to consider, including the legal status of undocumented immigrants in the United States, the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States, and the specific circumstances of each individual case. Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to allow an undocumented immigrant to travel to Puerto Rico is a matter of policy that is subject to change. However, the information presented in this article provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant legal and policy issues.

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7 Things You Should Know If You’re Undocumented & Plan to Travel This Summer

With summer nearly here, we’re prepared for all the amazing photos of sandy beaches that will come to fill your social media feed. For many of us undocumented folks, we’ve resigned ourselves to living vicariously through the images our friends post online. But it doesn’t have to be that way. It’s true that traveling while undocumented presents challenges, but with planning and preparation, we can be out there taking our own “ are those hot dogs or your legs? ” beach photos. And undocumented immigrants don’t have to limit travel to just the contiguous United States, we can also experience the beautiful Isla de Encanto, be amazed by the Northern Lights in Alaska, or wind down on a Hawaiian beach.

I have traveled throughout California – where I live – as well as to New York, Chicago, and Las Vegas. I even took a plane to Florida before I ever had protection under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. If you find yourself wondering how I made it work, then check out the list below for tips from fellow undocumented folks.

Editor’s Note: Some of the names or last names of the undocumented travelers have been omitted or changed (marked by an asterisk) to maintain their privacy. 

Have identification ready.

Always carry your government ID with you. This can be your driver’s license and/or passport. You are able to obtain a passport from the consulate of your country of citizenship.

Verify the requirements for your state for domestic flights.

Most states will only require a government ID, such as a license for travel. However, soon a few other states may possibly require travelers to have a passport to travel domestically because of the Real ID Act .

I traveled to Florida prior to having DACA and all that was required of me was my Mexican passport. Being constrained by this invisible border should not stop us from exploring within our borders.

Have a safety plan.

If you do get stopped, you must know you have rights. You should also have a designated person or people to contact that can start mobilizing and spreading the word on your behalf. “Have an emergency contact,” Lunaadriana, who has 10 years of traveling experience, tells me. “Share your flight info and make a plan together about what to do. If anything goes wrong, arrange for them to know where important documents are.”

What you need to know if you're traveling outside the contiguous United States.

One of the most important things to verify is that your flight does NOT have a layover in a country that is not part of the US. This is unlikely, but it’s important to double check. But mostly, you should expect the same process. “My family traveled to and from California to Hawaii,” Maite*, who has traveled for more than 10 years with and without DACA, told me. “We are undocumented. We carried our passports as a form of ID.”

Sometimes, you’ll be subjected to extra searches. It’s crucial to remain calm. “I went to Puerto Rico in 2014 using my New York Driver’s License, but I always carry my permit with me as well, just in case,” 27-year-old Grecia Huesca says. “The TSA agent at LaGuardia just looked at my license when I went through security and didn’t ask any questions. I had no issue coming back either. I also think it is important to remain calm if they do any random security checks. I was once randomly selected and they tested my hands for chemical residue, and I tried to remember that I had nothing to worry about and stayed calm.”

Be mindful of checkpoints.

“Have a list of border patrol interior checkpoints and avoid them,” Luz*, a DACA recipient, says. Border Patrol can conduct checkpoints within 100 miles of the border. DHS sometimes enters buses or trains and asks for passengers’ documents. Know which ground transportation company has had the highest instances of DHS searches, and try to avoid those or exercise precaution if you have no legal status or protection.

“Last summer, my husband, who is a DACA beneficiary, and I took a three-week road trip. We camped in Utah, Wyoming, Montana, Washington, and Oregon,” Rojas, who has traveled with her husband for the last six years, says. “My husband took his work permit because we were going to be very close to the Canadian Border, we actually were about half a mile away, but never encountered any issues.”

Know where you are going.

There are states that have a higher tendency of racial profiling. States, such as Texas, Arizona, Utah, Florida, and North Carolina, are known for their anti-immigrant stances. You can easily choose to avoid those states, though it’s important to keep in mind that undocumented immigrants also live there. If you have a network in these places, you can ask the best ways to protect yourself.

Just do it.

Go ahead. Take that adventure you have always dreamed of. You can take it slow if it makes you feel comfortable. Start by taking small trips until you build the confidence to venture further.

Journey Pursuits

DACA and Puerto Rico Travel: What You Need to Know

Understanding daca and puerto rico travel.

Puerto Rico, the beautiful island in the Caribbean, has been a popular tourist destination for people around the world. And for those individuals who have been granted Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), it can be an exciting opportunity to explore a new place. However, the rules and regulations surrounding DACA recipients and Puerto Rico travel can be complex, leading to confusion and uncertainty. This article aims to provide valuable insights into the eligibility criteria, travel tips, and legal considerations associated with DACA and Puerto Rico travel.

DACA and Puerto Rico: Eligibility for Travel

DACA recipients are allowed to travel to Puerto Rico without needing a visa or a passport since it is a US territory. This makes it easier for DACA recipients to visit Puerto Rico without worrying about additional documentation requirements. However, there are some eligibility criteria that DACA recipients must fulfill before traveling to Puerto Rico. They must have a valid Employment Authorization Document (EAD), which establishes their permission to work in the United States. Additionally, they must not have any criminal convictions or legal issues that could pose a threat to their safety or security while visiting Puerto Rico.

Travel Tips for DACA Recipients Visiting Puerto Rico

Traveling to Puerto Rico can be an exciting and enriching experience for DACA recipients. However, there are some necessary measures that they must take to ensure their safety and security while exploring the island. Firstly, DACA recipients should carry a copy of their EAD with them at all times to prove their eligibility to work and travel in the US. Secondly, they should avoid public demonstrations and political rallies, as these could lead to possible legal issues. Thirdly, they should keep copies of their travel documents and important personal information in a safe place, such as a hotel safe or a locked luggage compartment.

Furthermore, it is advisable to research the local laws and customs before traveling to Puerto Rico. This includes understanding the language and cultural norms, as well as the rules and regulations surrounding activities such as drinking and driving or smoking in public. Additionally, DACA recipients should be aware of the climate and weather conditions in Puerto Rico and pack accordingly, including necessary items such as sunscreen, mosquito repellent, and water bottles.

Potential Challenges for DACA Recipients Traveling to Puerto Rico

While DACA recipients are allowed to travel to Puerto Rico, there may be some challenges that they could face. Firstly, they may encounter language barriers, particularly if they are not fluent in Spanish, the primary language spoken in Puerto Rico. Secondly, they may face discrimination or harassment based on their immigration status or ethnic background. Thirdly, they may not have access to certain government benefits, such as Medicare or Medicaid, while in Puerto Rico.

Moreover, DACA recipients should be aware of the potential legal consequences of traveling to Puerto Rico. For instance, if they have any pending legal issues related to their immigration status, traveling to Puerto Rico could impact their case. Additionally, if they overstay their visa or fail to comply with any Puerto Rican laws or regulations, they may face deportation or other legal actions. Therefore, it is crucial that DACA recipients understand the risks and take necessary precautions before traveling to Puerto Rico.

Legal Considerations for DACA Recipients Traveling to Puerto Rico

DACA recipients must be aware of the legal implications of traveling to Puerto Rico. Firstly, if they have any criminal convictions, they may be barred from entering Puerto Rico. Secondly, they may face additional scrutiny and questioning at the border or airport, which could lead to delays or complications. Thirdly, they should make sure that they have all the necessary travel documents, such as a valid ID, before traveling to Puerto Rico.

Furthermore, DACA recipients should be aware of the current political climate in Puerto Rico and the US. Any changes in immigration policies or regulations could impact their ability to travel to Puerto Rico or return to the US. Therefore, it is advisable to keep up to date with the latest news and developments related to DACA and Puerto Rico travel.

Navigating DACA and Puerto Rico Travel Successfully

In summary, DACA recipients can travel to Puerto Rico without needing a visa or passport, but they must fulfill certain eligibility criteria, such as having a valid EAD and no criminal convictions. They should take necessary precautions, such as carrying a copy of their EAD, avoiding public demonstrations, and researching local laws and customs. They may face challenges such as language barriers, discrimination, and limited access to government benefits. Moreover, DACA recipients must be aware of the legal implications of traveling to Puerto Rico, such as additional scrutiny at the border or airport and changes in immigration policies. By understanding the eligibility criteria, travel tips, potential challenges, and legal considerations associated with DACA and Puerto Rico travel, DACA recipients can navigate this exciting opportunity successfully.

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October 1st, 2016

Undocumented and Traveling to Puerto Rico for Lánzate

The following is general information about the process and potential risks for undocumented immigrants who are traveling to Puerto Rico for Mijente’s Lanzate 2016 in San Juan. Although it was vetted by immigration attorneys and experienced organizers, it is not legal advice . Consult a trusted attorney before making decisions about your case.

• SECURITY SCREENINGS

TYPES OF IDENTIFICATION

• TRAVELING WHILE IN DEPORTATION PROCEEDINGS

HETEROSEXISM AND HOMOPHOBIA

THE BEHAVIOR DETECTION PROGRAM

• PREPARATION AND ORGANIZING WORK

[ Click here for the full document as a downloadable pdf ]

A NOTE FROM MIJENTE

We are really excited about Lanzate 2016 taking place in San Juan, Puerto Rico. We believe that it is a key moment to lift up and support the resistance historic crisis in the Island, and an opportunity for Latinx to take a stand. We also understand that this will mean a harder travel process for our undocumented and criminalized attendees. We are providing this information with the purpose of making the process of researching risk and minimizing risk more accessible. The information gathered has been vetted by immigration attorneys, experienced organizers, and undocumented travelers who have been to Puerto Rico. Although they did not always agree with each other, we tried to portray an accurate balance of the real risks and of the successful travel experiences undocumented people have had to Puerto Rico. We strongly believe in the right of people to chose the risks they take in life every day, the ones they do not, and our responsibility to support them through this process. SECURITY SCREENINGS

Because Puerto Rico is considered an “associated free state,” the security process while flying from inside another state within the U.S. is supposed to be very similar to that anywhere else in the country. Although there are cases of people with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) being questioned by Border Patrol, and some cases of undocumented travelers being identified and put in deportation proceedings, many undocumented travelers have flown there and back without a problem.

The security screening and type of identification required is the same to as traveling to other states. After getting a boarding pass, the next step is to  go to a Transportation Security Agency (TSA) agent and show them an identification and Boarding Pass, followed by the security body scans. On the way back from Puerto Rico, baggage also has to go through screening by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to see that it does not contain prohibited agricultural items, like most fruit and produce (click here for a list of what is allowed to travel from Puerto Rico).

There is no Customs check at any point of the regular screening process . The Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) website itself, says that U.S. citizens and Legal Permanent Residents who travel directly between the U.S. and Puerto Rico, “without touching at a foreign port or place, are not required to present a valid U.S. Passport or Green Card.” CBP says the same thing about travel to Puerto Rico for people with DACA , specifying that it is “similar to travel to any one of the 50 states” and does not require issuance of Advanced Parole.

But International airports are considered “ ports of entry ,” or places where people can enter the U.S. from abroad. Both the TSA and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), both agencies under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)), are present and both agencies have the authority to ask for immigration documents should they suspect that someone is in the country without status or is using false documents.

• Tip from undocumented traveler: Know the screening process well. If you are not used to traveling by plane, learn what you can put in your carry-on baggage and what you are required to take out of your bag and pockets when you go through the screening. And don’t forget about the extra screening for produce on the way back. (See additional information for transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals under “Additional Factors Affecting Risk”  or check out the information from the National Center for Transgender Equality for travelers , especially for information such as packing medicine and syringes, medical prosthetics, etc.)

According to the TSA, documents that are acceptable forms of identification to show at an airport include (see website for a full list):

• Driver’s licenses or other state photo identity cards issued by Department of Motor Vehicles
• Permanent resident cards
• Border crossing card
• Foreign government-issued passport
• Immigration and Naturalization Service Employment Authorization Card (I-766)
• Notice to Appear along with another identification with full name (see “Traveling While in Deportation Proceedings” below for more details)

State-issued ID or Driver’s License: A state-issued driver’s license or state ID is the document that is considered acceptable by TSA and does not identify the traveler as a non-US citizen or as a citizen of another country, which is particularly important for undocumented immigrants.

A note on “limited purpose” IDs: There are a few states that have been able have identifications or driver’s licenses that are not approved by TSA, particularly those from states that have changed their laws and regulations to make these available for undocumented immigrants. These are IDs or driver’s licenses that usually do not require a social security number, such as the limited purpose IDs or driver’s licenses in Washington D.C. , Temporary Visitor Driver’s Licenses in Illinois . According to DHS, these are IDs that “must clearly state” that they are not acceptable for federal purposes, and are not alone acceptable identification for TSA. DHS also “ cautions against assuming that possession of a noncompliant card indicates the holder is an undocumented individual, given that several states issue noncompliant licenses for reasons unrelated to lawful presence.” Places that have these types of identification include: Washington D.C., New York City , and most recently Phoenix, Arizona. More information from DHS here .

Foreign Passports: For undocumented immigrants who do not have access to a state-issued ID or driver’s license, a “foreign government-issued passport” is the only other option listed on the TSA website as acceptable. Although it is clear that there is no visa requirement to travel between the U.S. and Puerto Rico, even for foreign travelers, having a document that identifies an individual as a citizen from another country raises the chances that there will be additional questions by TSA at the point of screening.

In a story from March 2016 , the director of the CBP office in Puerto Rico emphasized that “Persons that are illegally present in Puerto Rico must understand that CBP has the authority to inspect passengers departing on board domestic flights bound to the Continental United States […] Our officers are always vigilant to find persons illegally present in the island.” This was in reference to a man who was traveling from Puerto Rico to New York City that “presented a passport of the Dominican Republic as proof of identity, with no visa or entry stamp.” According to the CPB, this lead to a secondary inspection, which included fingerprints that led to their finding a charge of “illegal re-entry” from 2004. As it may have been in this man’s case, and in other cases that we know about anecdotally, Black travelers are racially profiled by Border Patrol in Puerto Rico as Dominical immigrants and targeted for secondary inspections.

It is also important to note that carrying any identification that marks an individual as a foreign citizen, especially a passport, makes the removal or deportation process easier for the government – should it get to that point.

• Tip from undocumented traveler: If you are showing a passport to the TSA agent, hand it to them open to the page with your picture and demographic information, and place the boarding pass on the blank page of the passport, so that the TSA agent is literally only looking at the boarding pass and your ID.  Not giving them a chance to look through the pages in the passport decreases the chances of questions about entry stamps or visas. But remember there is no guarantee.

Fake Documents are Dangerous: In addition to not being able to get through the screening process, having falsified documents could lead to felony criminal charges and deportation proceedings.

Identification that do not match gender presentation: According to the National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE), TSA rules required that name, gender and date of birth included in the flight reservation match the type of identification an individual provides at the airport. They say that “[t]he Secure Flight program checks this information against government watch lists, and gender information is used to eliminate false matches with the same or similar names – not to evaluate a person’s gender.” Meaning that the security check is supposed to be about whether the ID matches your flight, not your gender presentation.

NCTE further explains , “TSA Travel Document Checkers will check as you enter security to ensure that information on your ID matches your boarding pass. It does not matter whether your current gender presentation matches the gender marker on your ID or your presentation in your ID photo, and TSA officers should not comment on this.” This doesn’t mean that a traveler won’t encounter transphobic or heterosexist TSA agents who may direct an individual whose ID does not match gender presentation to a secondary screening, which may be riskier for undocumented travelers. See additional information under “Additional Factors Affecting Risk.”

• Tip from a gender queer traveler: It’s their job to only verify the ID is valid, not to question your life. Often they would question whether it really was my ID, probing into my personal business. I’ve always just answered, ‘yes, it’s mine.’ They often inspect my ID for 5-10 minutes longer than everyone else, but they don’t have a right to question any aspect of my gender. I just don’t engage beyond that and just wait for them to approve my ID.
• Tip from a genderqueer traveler: The gender on your ID should match the gender on your flight. I always booked my flights myself so I could keep my boarding passes private until I got gender-affirming identification. For people who are buying other individual’s flights who may be transgender or gender nonconforming: You don’t have a right to as my birth-assigned sex because you are buying my flight. Find alternative forms of getting the flight, such as reimbursing me for it, or letting me book it directly. And please, do not ask people for their “real name” to book the flight, it is extremely offensive.

No ID that fits TSA guidelines: In some cases, when a person does not have the appropriate form of ID, TSA agents will try to confirm their identity by completing a form or asking additional questions that may include name, birth date, social security number, address. There are some online reports of other forms of IDs being used to supplement this process, like credit cards and school IDs, or other government-issued documents, but it should be noted that the TSA website states that even if your identity is confirmed, “you may be subject to additional screening.” TRAVELING WHILE IN DEPORTATION PROCEEDINGS

Using immigration documents as IDs: Immigrants who are in deportation proceedings may use a Notice to Appear (Form I-182), an order of supervision (OSUP), or other government-issued forms that contain your name, photo, and other identifying information, but they  will require at least one more official document with a the traveler’s name or for the providing agency to confirm your identity.

TSA has explained that they evaluate a variety of government-issued documents to establish a person’s identity. If a passenger does not have any of the listed forms of ID, they are allowed to present two other types of identification. “One of the two forms of identification must bear the individual’s name and other identifying information such as a photo, address, phone number, social security number or date of birth […] The I-862 form [or Notice to Appear] may be used along with another form of identification in this instance.”

If a person can only present the Notice to Appear as an identification document, the agency explains , “TSA will attempt to establish the passenger’s identity through DHS partner components” such as CPB or ICE (Please note that this is only for immigrants with an NTA, which indicates that they are already in CPB or ICE database). If these agencies are able to confirm the information requested, the person is allowed to continue like other passengers to the body and luggage scan.

Open deportation proceedings: Individuals in deportation proceedings, including those who have been given a stay of removal or another form of discretionary, temporary relief, have different restrictions for them set by the immigration judge or ICE officers. In most cases these restrictions are listed in the Order of Supervision, and can include having to check with the deportation officer and get permission before traveling outside of the state (or sometimes tri-state area), and not traveling outside of the country — which does not include Puerto Rico. The documents have instructions on contacting the appropriate agency.

• Tip from an undocumented organizer: When an individual asks for permission from their deportation officer for travel, it is helpful to bring a letter from the organization inviting them to participate in the event, the dates for travel, the address of the location where the individual is staying, and the flight itinerary or flight reservations. If the person asking for permission doesn’t have an attorney, make a plan to accompany them as an interpreter, and talk through the process. After the request is made, a couple strategic calls or e-mails to the office can help.

Open deportation proceedings: Individuals in deportation proceedings, including those who have been given a stay of removal or another form of discretionary, temporary relief, have different restrictions for their set by the immigration judge or ICE officers. In most cases these restrictions are listed in the Order of Supervision, and can include having to check with the deportation officer and get permission before traveling outside of the state (or sometimes tri-state area), and not traveling outside of the country — which does not include Puerto Rico. The documents have instructions on contacting the appropriate agency.

Traveling with an Ankle Monitor: A person wearing an ankle monitor can travel and be approve d to go through the security checkpoint before boarding an airplaine. In addition to asking for permission from the deportation officer or supervisory agency, an individual traveling with an ankle monitor could tell the TSA agent before going through the body and baggage scan. If the TSA agent does not know, the ankle monitor will show up on the body scan and potentially set off the metal detector. But whether the TSA agent knows ahead of time, or while the scan is happening, it is very likely that this will lead to a secondary inspection. This means both a more intense search of the individual’s luggage and person, including swabbing hands for explosive chemicals and a pat-down.  

One agency that runs ankle monitors out of Florida, quotes TSA on the issue , stating “ Outside of any other law enforcement issues that would prohibit a person from boarding an aircraft, wearing a monitoring device, including a medical monitor, during security screening should not pose a problem.” The also warn that if the person needs to go through secondary screening, it “often means delaying you to determine if you are fleeing the jurisdiction. Therefore it is wise to get a letter from us prior to air travel indicating what the bracelet is for and that you are not prohibited from leaving the jurisdiction.”

Traveling for people who may be “Priorities” for deportation: When it comes to immigration enforcement and deportation, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is supposed to exercise discretion regarding who they prioritize for deportation and who they do not. The three priorities identified by DHS are:

• People who are engaged or suspected of terrorism, people who are stopped at the border or other ports of entry, people with a conviction relating to a criminal gang, people with a felony conviction, people with a conviction categorized as an “aggravated felony” under the immigration and naturalization act;
• People with three or more misdemeanors, people convicted of a “significant misdemeanor” (which could mean domestic violence, sexual abuse, burglary, unlawful possession and use of firearms, drug distribution or trafficking, driving under the influence, or an offense where the individual served a 90 days sentence or more); people caught entering or reentering the U.S., and people who have “significantly abused the visa or visa waiver programs.”
• People who have a final order of removal on or after January 1, 2014.

If an individual is undocumented, and fits any of these categories,  flying and going through a TSA checkpoint is definitely risky, and they should consult an attorney before making decisions. But it is also relative, because any risks would only be triggered if TSA agents decide that there is need for a secondary inspection of the passenger. In the past, this secondary inspection has included biometric data, such as fingerprints, and a comparison of this information with government databases, including the Department of Homeland Security.  

If an individual who is considered a priority for enforcement is identified as undocumented while traveling, and referred to secondary inspection, there is a likelihood that they will be identified as priority, and issued a “Notice to Appear” (NTA), the first step towards being put in deportation proceedings, and taken into custody. (When a person has been deported in the past, they may get a new NTA or be taken into custody pending a reinstatement of their prior deportation order).

Because of the organizing against deportations over the last several years through the Not One More Deportation Campaign and others, we know that even when a person who is considered priority is issued an NTA, or taken into custody, it does not mean that they will be deported. A strong legal and grassroots organizing response could still make a difference in stopping this person’s deportation and providing relief.

• Tip from an undocumented organizer: Think of evaluating the risk that you are taking traveling, as the risk that you would be taking in being part of a civil disobedience. Know your case, talk to a trusted organizer, talk to your lawyer, understand the risk, but also understand that community organizing and fighting deportation works, and that it all feels like part of living undocumented in the U.S. If you are an organizer helping someone decide what to do, just remember that it is their lives, that the consequences will be lived by them and their families, and that it must be their decision — whether it is to take a risk or not.

Gender nonconforming and transgender travelers, particularly those who are undocumented and do not have identifications that match their gender, may face additional scrutiny while traveling through a TSA checkpoint. See the note we have on identifications not matching gender presentation above, under “Types of Identification” and the National Center for Transgender Equality a guide for transgender travelers from packing to security screening. Below are some of the more relevant information that could be useful to minimize risk for undocumented travelers from that guide:

Packing Luggage: Gel-filled prosthetic items, such as used for breast augmentation, are not included in the 3-ounce limit for liquids, “as they are considered medically necessary” but their presence “may result in extra screening.” They recommend packing these items in checked luggage, or calling the “TSA Cares Hotline” to speak with a trained representative, at 1-855-787-2227.

Body Scanners: Most airports use “ Advanced Imaging Technology ” that scans the profile of a person’s body and catch an “anomaly” or “alarm” including items that may be hidden under a person’s clothing. The NCTE notes that in some cases the scanners “can register body contours not typical for a person’s gender as anomalies. Foreign objects such as prosthetics, binding garments, or even paper or change left in a pocket will commonly register as anomalies requiring further screening. Often this consists of a limited pat-down of the area(s) where an anomaly was detected, however it can potentially involve a complete pat-down.” You can opt-out of scans at any time, but will be then required to undergo the pat-down.

The pat-down: A pat down may take place when there is additional information needed after the body scan or as an alternative, and can be very invasive. The pat-down must be performed by an officer of the same gender as the traveler, based on your gender presentation or identity. NCTE says that “transgender women should be searched by female officers, and transgender men should be searched by male officers. The gender listed on your identification documents and boarding passes should not matter for pat-downs, and you should not be subjected to personal questions about your gender. If TSA officers are unsure who should pat you down, they should ask you discreetly and respectfully.”

• Tip from transgender traveler: Prepare yourself mentally that there will be uncomfortable moments. Like being asked if you are male or female, and how or who should pat you down. If people prefer a man or woman, be vocal about it. For people who have not had surgeries, clothing can also be an issue, and they may be asked if they are wearing something under their clothes or if they have something hidden under their shirt. A lot of pressure is put on the passenger, be confident, direct and honest in our interaction with agents.

TSA currently has a number of “Behavioral Detection Officers” (BDO) at airports who observe travelers for signs that they may be lying or hiding potentially criminal or terrorist activity. This means that these agents are constantly looking for signs such as “trembling,” “fast eye blink rate,” or someone who “covers mouth with hand when speaking.”

The American Civil Liberties Union has filed a lawsuit against this program for information, including whether it disproportionately affects minorities, with particular concerns about its effect on undocumented and transgender travelers. The National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE) says the following :

BDOs may casually approach you and ask questions about your destination and luggage, looking for further cues. Trans travelers may understandably be nervous if approached by BDOs, and in some situations, their apprehension about encountering transphobia or privacy invasions could cause them to look “suspicious.” If approached by a BDO, we encourage you to answer questions in a straightforward manner. If you encounter any difficulty, ask to speak to a supervisor. PREPARATION AND ORGANIZING WORK

Depending on your situation, some things that have been useful for other undocumented immigrants who are traveling by plane to Puerto Rico, or other states, include:

• Know that extra inspection, detention by border patrol, or even a deportation order does not mean a deportation or the end of the fight. If an individual has not been deported before, the process will still take an immigration court, and the possibility of prosecutorial discretion. If a person has already been deported in the past or has a final order of removal, although the process will go much faster, there is still a chance to fight through good legal defense and community organizing.
• A trusted person in the family should know where all documents pertaining to the traveler’s immigration, criminal, education, medical and family history;
• In case that representation is needed, the traveler could sign a DHS Privacy Waiver Authorizing Disclosure to a Third Party so that family members, or community organizers authorized can have access to the person’s information, even if they are in detention.
• The traveler’s immigration attorney should also be aware of the plans.
• The traveler could write the phone number of their immigration attorney, trusted community organizer,  family member, or other point of contact with permanent marker on their bodies, so that in case they are detained, they can have a person’s contact information.
• Plan a protocol of letting an individual know when you are supposed to arrive, and make a plan for what to do in case you are not able to get in touch with them due to being detained by immigration enforcement or delayed by additional protocols.

Make sure that your trusted family members, community organizers, and attorneys know to get in touch with Mijente and the Not1More deportation campaign should you be targeted by immigration enforcement during your travel to Lánzate.  

Paid for in part by Mijente PAC, 734 W Polk St., Phoenix, AZ 85007, not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee.

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Can an Illegal Immigrant Travel to Puerto Rico?

It seems like a simple question, but the answer is not so straightforward. Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, and as such, its immigration laws are governed by federal law. That means that anyone who is in the country illegally is not allowed to travel to Puerto Rico. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If an illegal immigrant has been granted asylum or refugee status by the United States government, they are allowed to travel to Puerto Rico (and anywhere else in the United States). Additionally, if an illegal immigrant has a valid visa from another country, they may be able to enter Puerto Rico without issue.

Yes, an illegal immigrant can travel to Puerto Rico. There are no immigration checkpoints between the mainland United States and Puerto Rico, so as long as you have a valid passport or another travel document, you can freely enter the island. However, keep in mind that Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, so once you’re there, you’re subject to all U.S. laws and regulations. That means if you’re caught without proper documentation, you could be deported back to your home country.

TIPS FOR UNDOCUMENTED INDIVIDUALS TRAVELING IN THE U.S.

Can You Fly to Puerto Rico If You’re Undocumented?

No, you cannot fly to Puerto Rico if you are undocumented. While Puerto Rico is a US territory, it is not part of the United States and therefore does not fall under the jurisdiction of US immigration law. This means that undocumented immigrants cannot enter Puerto Rico without going through customs and immigration checks first.

Can I Travel to Puerto Rico Without Papers?

If you’re a United States citizen, you don’t need a passport to travel to Puerto Rico. However, all other travelers will need a valid passport. Travelers from countries that do not require a visa for entry into the United States will also need a valid passport and proof of onward travel.

Can You Travel to Puerto Rico Without a Green Card?

If you are a citizen of the United States, you do not need a green card to travel to Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, so U.S. citizens can travel there freely. However, if you are not a U.S. citizen, you will need a valid passport and visa to enter Puerto Rico.

Do You Go Through Immigration When Traveling to Puerto Rico?

The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced that effective January 26, 2021, all air passengers traveling to the United States from Puerto Rico will be required to present a negative COVID-19 test result or proof of recovery from the virus before boarding their flight. This new requirement is in addition to the existing order that requires all air passengers entering the United States from a foreign country to present a negative COVID-19 test result or proof of recovery from the virus before boarding their flight.

Can Illegal Immigrants Ride Amtrak

As of May 2017, Amtrak does not require passengers to show proof of citizenship in order to ride. This policy applies to all domestic routes within the United States. However, keep in mind that Amtrak does require all passengers to have a valid government-issued photo ID when boarding. Acceptable forms of ID include a passport, driver’s license, military ID, or permanent resident card. If you do not have a valid ID, you will not be able to board the train. While Amtrak does not specifically target illegal immigrants , it is worth noting that ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) has used the train system in the past to conduct raids and deport individuals who are in the country illegally. In April 2018, ICE agents boarded an Amtrak train in Fort Worth , Texas, and detained several passengers who did not have proper documentation. While this type of incident is relatively rare, it is something to keep in mind if you are an undocumented immigrant considering taking Amtrak.

Yes, an illegal immigrant can travel to Puerto Rico. However, they will need to obtain a passport and visa before doing so. Additionally, they may be required to undergo a background check and pay any applicable fees.

Adam Mundt is a passionate advocate dedicated to creating positive change in society. With an unwavering commitment to social justice, he has spent his life advocating for the rights and well-being of marginalized communities.

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What You Need to Know About Traveling Abroad as a Non-Citizen

Over the years, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) agents have placed thousands of non-citizens in removal/deportation proceedings, often following a trip abroad. Below are some questions and answers that may help you decide whether you can leave the United States and come back without causing immigration problems. Generally, the answer will depend on the facts of your individual case. If any of the following things apply to you, you should seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before making any plans to leave the U.S.

I am a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) without any prior law enforcement contact of any kind. If I travel outside the United States, can I come back?

YES. As a lawful permanent resident you are free to exit and re-enter the U.S. To re-enter, you need to show your green card (or an unexpired “I-551 stamp” in your passport if you do not yet have your green card), along with a valid passport from your country of nationality or a refugee travel document. As long as you do not stay outside of the U.S. for more than one year, you will keep your permanent residence status. Note, however, that even a departure of more than six months is not recommended, as it will break continuous residency for naturalization purposes and can subject you to an in-depth inquiry into your current ties to the U.S., upon your return. You can take steps to preserve your lawful permanent status if you must remain outside of the U.S. for longer than a year, but these steps must be taken BEFORE you leave the U.S. If you think that it is possible that your trip will last longer than one year (or even just longer than six months), seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before you leave the U.S.

I am a lawful permanent resident of the United States (green card holder) and have prior law enforcement contact. If I travel outside of the United States, can I come back?

YES BUT. Depending on the charges against you, DHS may start removal/ deportation proceedings against you if you travel and seek to return if you have certain criminal convictions. DHS may put you in immigration detention while they try to remove/deport you. If you were arrested, but not convicted, be sure to travel with documentation proving that the criminal charges were dismissed, such as a Certificate of Disposition. Note, however, that you may be found removable/ deportable even for convictions where you paid a fine or got probation, or which were expunged. In some cases, even without a conviction DHS might say they have “reason to believe” you might be inadmissible for certain things; this is particularly a concern if you have stayed outside the U.S. for more than 180 days. If you have ever been arrested, whether or not you were convicted, seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before you leave the U.S.

I am currently in removal (deportation) proceedings. Can I travel?

DEPENDS. If you are a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) and are currently in removal proceedings in immigration court, you should be able to leave and re-enter the U.S., as long as you have both (i) a valid non-expired passport, and (ii) a non-expired green card, or a non-expired I-551 stamp in your passport or on an I-94 card. Depending on the facts of your case, though, you might be treated as an “arriving alien” when you return, which could affect your rights. Also, depending on the facts of your case, you might be subjected to mandatory detention upon your return. Moreover, if your green card expires while you are outside the U.S. and your absence is for an extended period of time, you might have difficulty renewing it (depending on the facts of your case), which could complicate your ability to return. Regulations allow green card holders to apply for a re-entry permit, and allow refugees to apply for a refugee travel document, to travel even while in removal proceedings. Note, however, that even with those documents, travel abroad while in removal proceedings can be complicated. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer if you are in this situation.

I have a prior removal (deportation) order. Will I be able to return to the United States if I leave?

DEPENDS. If you have been ordered removed/deported, by leaving the U.S. you will be deporting yourself. You will not be allowed back into the country if you travel, unless you have obtained a certain “waiver” in advance, or unless a certain amount of time has gone by after you leave, and you then apply for a new visa or other permission to return. (Depending on why you were ordered removed/deported, you might not be able to return, even after a certain amount of time has gone by.) If you were ever sent a Notice to Appear in immigration court, you might have been ordered removed/deported. Even if you never showed up for your court appearance, you may have been ordered removed/deported in your absence. Many people have prior removal/deportation orders and do not know about them. To find out if you have been ordered removed/deported, you can call the Executive Office for Immigration Review automated hotline at 1-800-898-7180. It is safe to call. You will need your alien registration number (A-number) to use the hotline.

I came to the United States unlawfully or stayed past the time allowed on my visa. Will I be able to return to the United States if I leave?

DEPENDS. If you came to the U.S. legally but stayed longer than allowed on your Form I-94 Arrival/Departure Record (the white or green card which might have been stapled to your passport when you came into the U.S., or which you might be able to download , or if you entered the U.S. unlawfully by crossing the border without inspection or with fake documents, you are considered “out of status” or undocumented. If you leave the country, you have no right to come back in unless you go to a U.S. Embassy or Consulate in your home country and apply for a visa. The period of time you were living in the U.S. when you were “out of status” is called unlawful presence. If you have more than 180 days but less than a year of unlawful presence and you leave the U.S., you will not be allowed to get a visa to return to the U.S. for three years. If you have one year or more of unlawful presence and you leave the U.S., you will be barred from getting a visa for ten years. These are called the three-year or ten-year bars due to unlawful presence. Even if you are not subject to the three-year or ten-year bar, if you were in the U.S. unlawfully and you leave, it will likely be difficult for you to obtain a visa in the future because you will need to prove to the U.S. government that you will comply with the terms of a new visa. In certain circumstances, you might be able to ask for a “waiver” of the three-year or ten-year bar in advance, before you travel. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before you leave the U.S.

I still have a valid nonimmigrant visa in my passport, and the visa allows multiple entries. Can I use it to come back in to the U.S.?

YES , but only if you are now in status. This means that you have not stayed in the U.S. past the date written on your Form I-94 A rrival/ D eparture R ecord (the white or green card which might have been stapled to your passport when you came into the U.S. , or which you might be able to download . If you are “out of status” you can NOT come back to the U.S. on your visa. If you stayed in the U.S. even one day past the date written on the I-94, your visa is canceled. You will have to get a new visa from the U.S. Consulate in your home country before you can come back to the U.S. (In some cases, you can make a visa application in a country other than your home country.) The three – year or ten – year bar rule, described above, may apply to you , depending on the amount of time you were out of status . Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I came into the U.S. on a temporary visa and I have an extension or change of status application pending with the DHS. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

NO. If you leave the U.S. while your application is pending , DHS will consider your application withdrawn or abandoned. If you urgently need to le ave the country, you can ask DHS to speed up the processing of your application. You can call DHS at the number printed on your receipt notice.

I have an Adjustment of Status Application (Green Card Application/Form I-485) pending. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

DEPENDS. Leaving the U.S. while your adjustment of status is pending (unless you have an H-1B or L-1 visa) will generally have the legal effect of withdrawing or abandoning your application. However, before traveling you can ask DHS for permission to leave the U.S. by making an application for Advance Parole. Advance Parole is permission for certain non-citizens to re-enter the U.S. after traveling abroad. If you have an approved, unexpired advance parole document, then leaving the U.S. will not be considered abandoning your adjustment of status application. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

If I get Advance Parole, am I guaranteed re-entry into the United State?

N O . The grant of A dvance P arole does not waiv e any grounds under which DHS may normally deny you re – entry to the U.S. If you have committed, been arrested for , or been convicted of a ny criminal offense , DO NOT leave the U.S. on a grant of Advance Parole wit hout first seeking legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer . Even if you have A dvance P arole, DHS may deny you re – entry.

I have an asylum application pending. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

DEPENDS . If you leave the U.S., DHS will generally consider your asylum application withdrawn or abandoned. You can ask DHS for permission to leave the U.S. by making an application for Advance Parole, but this does not guarantee that you will be allowed back into the U.S. You should not travel on a passport from the country that you claimed you would be persecuted in. Also, if you travel to the country that you claimed you would be persecuted in, it is likely that USCIS will deny your asylum application because it may conclude that you no longer fear returning to that country . Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I am an asylee or I obtained my lawful permanent resident status after obtaining asylum. Can I travel outside the U.S. and come back?

YES , but only if you first obtain a Refugee Travel Document from DHS. Do not travel on a passport from the country that you claimed you would be persecuted in. Also, if you travel to the country that you claimed you would be persecuted in, DHS may seek to terminate your grant of asylum. Your underlying asylum status could be terminated even if you have already become a lawful permanent resident after obtaining asylum, if you travel back to the country of claimed persecution, if you use the passport from that country, or if avail yourself of the protection of that country in any way. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I have U Nonimmigrant Status. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

YES BUT TRAVEL NOT ADVISED. If you travel outside the U.S. after your U approval but you do not have a valid U visa in your passport, you must (a ) apply for a new U visa at a U.S. C onsulate abroad to allow you to come back to the U.S., and (b) return within 90 days or you will lose eligibility for adjustment of status (applying for a green card) . If you had accrued more than 180 days of unlawful presence before leaving, you will need to seek a waiver of the three year or ten-year bar before you apply for a visa to return to the U.S. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I am applying for U Nonimmigrant Status, and my application is pending. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

YES BUT TRAVEL NOT ADVISED. If you travel outside the U.S. while your application for U nonimmigrant status is pending, and if you are not otherwise authorized to enter the U.S., you will have to stay outside the U.S. until your actual U visa is approved, possibly many years after leaving, unless you are granted parole to return. If you had accrued more than 180 days of unlawful presence before leaving, you will need to seek a waiver of the three-year or ten-year bar before you would be eligible to return. If the investigation/prosecution of the U qualifying crime is still ongoing, leaving the U.S. could also affect your ability to cooperate with law enforcement; if you are not cooperating with law enforcement, your application may be denied. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I have T Nonimmigrant Status. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

YES BUT TRAVEL NOT ADVISED . If you travel outside the U.S. after your T approval but you do not have a valid T visa in your passport, you must (a) apply for a T visa at the U.S. consulate to allow you to come back to the U.S., and (b) return within 90 days or you will lose eligibility for adjustment of status. If you had accrued more than 180 days of unlawful presence before leaving, you will need to seek a waiver of the three – year or ten-year bar before you would be eligible to return. Also, i f you return to your home country, it could cause you to lose your T status, since you claimed in your T application that you would suffer extreme hardship if returned to your home country. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before leaving the U.S.

I am applying for a T Nonimmigrant Status, and my application is pending. Can I leave the U.S. and come back?

GENERALLY NO. If you leave while your T visa is pending, you will lose your eligibility for the T visa. The only exception s that would allow you to return to the U.S. are related to your trafficking victimization.

Can I travel to Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands?

MAYBE. Even though Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands (“U.S. territories”) are part of the United States, non-citizen travelers from the mainland United States to these places can be put through the same review process by U.S. immigration officers as international travelers. (See INA § 212(d)(7) and 8 CFR § 235.5.) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) conducts “preinspection” at the airport in the U.S. territory, to decide if the traveller will be allowed to re-enter the mainland. This “preinspection” process is generally done in a very informal manner, without the help of a legal representative. This may involve CBP officers asking about immigration status, examining passports, or taking the traveler to a separate area for more detailed questioning. Even though noncitizens traveling from these U.S. territories to the U.S. mainland are exempt from the passport and visa requirements that international travelers face, they are subject to all the other grounds of inadmissibility. (See INA § 212(d)(7) and 22 § CFR 41.1(c)). Because of this, travel to any of these U.S. territories from the mainland can be risky for both undocumented individuals and individuals with lawful status who are deportable or inadmissible due to criminal convictions or other bars to re-entry. Seek legal advice from a reputable, experienced immigration lawyer before traveling from the mainland U.S. to any of these territories.

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The information in this document has been prepared by The Legal Aid Society for informational purposes only and is not legal advice. This information is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. You should not act upon any information without retaining professional legal counsel.

On This Page

• Permanent Residents
• Permanent Residents with Law Enforcement Contact
• Current Removal Proceedings
• Prior Removal Orders
• Unlawful Entry/Expired Visas
• Nonimmigrant Visas
• Change of Status Applications (Visa)
• Change in Status Application (Green Card)
• Advance Parole
• Asylum Applications
• U Nonimmigrant Status
• U Nonimmigrant Status Pending
• T Nonimmigrant Status
• T Nonimmigrant Status Pending
• Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands

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Last Updated: 1 December 2021

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Can a undocumented person travel to puerto rico - Air Travel Forum

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Puerto Rico is part of the US. There are no immigration checks. You only need an ID.

You're asking strangers on an internet forum about this?

You don't leave the US when you go to Puerto Rico.

If I were living illegally in any country, I would avoid any interaction in which my identity may be checked.

I traveled to Puerto Rico, on returning to the mainland, there was an US immigration station kiosk checking documentation of all pax. This was 15-20 years ago, don't know now. It is not exactly US, Hawaii is, and it is far better than PR, IMHO. Even if the checking is not 100%, the risk is not worth it for you considering the consequences, you'll lose everything.

Even if I am only 0.1% right, OP will be ruined. That was my personal experience. A quick online search, I found several similar reports.

Agree with Wes. All one needs is a TSA approved ID. Ta has policies about posting reviews up to a year from a visit. That js to avoid people posting 20 year old prehistoric tales

But if the OP is arriving back with a foreign passport as TSA approved ID isn't there the possibility someone will realise they have no valid visa? Is there a human checking, or an automated chip reader machine?

I'm also intrigued as to how they have renewed their passport while living illegally in another country, although maybe they had a 15 year passport (unlike my 5 year NZ one...).

--------------------------------------

Maybe by going to the consulate?

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Find Answers to Immigration Questions

Undocumented Immigrant Rights and Privileges in Puerto Rico

What state-level rights do undocumented immigrants have in puerto rico, can undocumented immigrants obtain a driver’s license or state id in puerto rico, are undocumented students eligible for in-state tuition rates at state colleges and universities in puerto rico, can undocumented immigrants access emergency healthcare services in puerto rico, are undocumented immigrants eligible for public education, including k-12 schools, in puerto rico, do undocumented immigrants have the right to work in puerto rico, can undocumented immigrants access public transportation services in puerto rico, are there any state-funded social services or assistance programs available to undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, what protections are in place to prevent discrimination and harassment of undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, do state laws provide any pathways to legal status or residency for undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, are undocumented immigrants eligible for any state-level financial aid or scholarships for higher education in puerto rico, what are the voting rights and political participation options for undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, can undocumented immigrants access legal representation or assistance for immigration matters in puerto rico, are there any specific state laws or policies addressing the detention and deportation of undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, do state-level executive orders or policies protect the rights of undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, can undocumented immigrants purchase or rent property, such as homes or apartments, in puerto rico, what is the process for obtaining a business license or starting a business as an undocumented immigrant in puerto rico, are there any restrictions on travel within the state or to other states for undocumented immigrants in puerto rico, do state-level laws provide any protection for undocumented immigrant workers from exploitation or unfair labor practices in puerto rico, where can undocumented immigrants find resources and support to navigate their state rights and privileges in puerto rico.

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Puerto Rico (U.S.) Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

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After Your Trip

There are no notices currently in effect for Puerto Rico (U.S.).

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers one year old or older going to Puerto Rico.

Infants 6 to 11 months old should also be vaccinated against Hepatitis A. The dose does not count toward the routine 2-dose series.

Travelers allergic to a vaccine component or who are younger than 6 months should receive a single dose of immune globulin, which provides effective protection for up to 2 months depending on dosage given.

Unvaccinated travelers who are over 40 years old, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions planning to depart to a risk area in less than 2 weeks should get the initial dose of vaccine and at the same appointment receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers of all ages traveling to Puerto Rico.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

Puerto Rico is free of dog rabies. However, rabies may still be present in wildlife species, particularly bats. CDC recommends rabies vaccination before travel only for people working directly with wildlife. These people may include veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers working with specimens from mammalian species.

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Recommended for most travelers, especially those staying with friends or relatives or visiting smaller cities or rural areas.

Typhoid - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Typhoid

Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Avoid bug bites, african tick-bite fever.

• Avoid Bug Bites

African Tick-bite fever

• Mosquito bite
• An infected pregnant woman can spread it to her unborn baby

Airborne & droplet

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Puerto Rico, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the  Department of State Country Information Pages  for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Puerto Rico. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Puerto Rico include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection that can be spread in fresh water, is found in Puerto Rico. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Puerto Rico’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Puerto Rico may be poor.
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in Puerto Rico, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Puerto Rico (U.S.) for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

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A beginner's guide to visiting Puerto Rico: Everything you need to eat, see and do

Puerto Rico is beloved by travelers around the world, and for good reason.

From bioluminescent bays, pristine Caribbean beaches and lush forests to historic streetscapes, a vibrant local food scene and fascinating cultural attractions, each region of Puerto Rico offers visitors a distinct experience.

And there's simply never a bad time to visit. Better yet, you can often find cheap nonstop flights to both San Juan's Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) and Aguadilla's Rafael Hernández Airport (BQN) on the stunning northwest coast. If you're traveling from the U.S., you don't even need a passport or have to change your money.

It's a perfect tropical weekend getaway from the Eastern Seaboard; you can board an early morning flight and enjoy lunch and a pina colada with your toes in the sand.

In short: Paradise awaits.

Where to eat and drink in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico is a wonderful destination for foodies. Along the cobblestone streets of Old San Juan, you'll find gourmet cuisine served in elegant, historic townhomes rubbing shoulders with atmospheric hole-in-the-walls that serve traditional fare.

Following Hurricane Maria, restaurants became ever keener to support local agriculture and celebrate food that is grown entirely on the island. The result is farm-fresh, hyper-seasonal cuisine infused with Creole, Taino and Spanish influences.

The much-loved national dish is mofongo — deep-fried mashed plantains served with a side of seafood or meat and chicken broth soup. Among the best places to try it are Santaella in San Juan and Mi Casita in Pinones.

Lechon — a whole pig roasted over a fire for at least four hours — is another hearty mainstay of traditional Puerto Rican cuisine. Around an hour's drive south of San Juan, dozens of lechoneras dot the famed Ruta de Lechon, or "Pork Highway," where trays of succulent, tender pork are served at communal tables, usually accompanied by copious cold beer and live music.

If you want to graze on authentic local delicacies beachside, head for Luquillo (near El Yunque National Forest), where more than 60 kiosks ranging from rustic beach bars to full-service restaurants serve authentic Creole cooking as well as Latin American signature cuisine.

A colorful pit spot while exploring San Juan's trendy Santurce district, Alcapurria Quema is a no-frills Santurce locale that's one of the best places to try Puerto Rico's ubiquitous local snack, alcapurrias: deep-fried fritters made from plantains (or grated yucca) stuffed with flavorful beef, pork or fish.

Fine dining in Puerto Rico

If you want to splurge, San Juan has plenty of upscale dining venues.

Located inside the elegant Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, 1919 is widely hailed as the best fine dining restaurant in Puerto Rico. Helmed by Juan José Cuevas, who worked at the Michelin-starred Blue Hill in New York, menu highlights include scallops with organic mushrooms, kale and sunchoke, as well as robalo (snook) with pistachio, local white beans and dill. For an unforgettable dining experience, opt for the chef's menu ($199) accompanied by sommelier-selected wine pairings. Make a reservation, dress the part and enjoy every moment. It's one of the island's most expensive restaurants, but worth it.

Vianda 's stylish midcentury modern-style bar and sleek, moody dining room draw well-dressed locals with its innovative mixology and farm-to-table cuisine. Vianda means "root vegetable," and the small, seasonal menu riffs on Puerto Rico's rich culinary heritage while showcasing the island's incredible bounty of tropical fruits, vegetables and herbs. Start the evening with a Corazon de Melon ($15) cocktail, made with tequila, watermelon, cucumber, mint and rosemary, followed by a signature entree such as the Mar y Tierra, a rich medley of cod loin, crispy pork belly, mussels, sofrito butter and white beans ($44).

Most epicureans will have heard of Marmalade , the internationally renowned restaurant credited with putting Puerto Rico on the foodie map. It remains one of the best gourmet dining experiences on the island. Iowa native chef Peter Schintler deftly blends indigenous and international ingredients to produce a truly memorable five-course prix fixe menu ($135 per person). It changes frequently, but menu classics include local organic rabbit with black olive garganelli and grilled ahi tuna with peanut-miso broth.

Chef José Santaella 's namesake restaurant is a lively, fun place to dine on nouvelle Puerto Rican cuisine with family and friends. The edgy industrial decor (it used to be a hardware store) contrasts with the menu's vibrant "tropical creole" gastronomy. Arrive early for cocktail hour and try a Lady Bullet (Woodford Reserve bourbon, fig marmalade, lavender syrup, orange bitters and lime juice; $16) and stay for the duration, grazing on delectable small plates, including wagyu sliders ($26), grilled Spanish octopus ($32) and escargot ($18).

What to see and do in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico has a ton of sightseeing you'll want to add to your itinerary, too.

El Yunque National Forest is just 45 minutes from San Juan and is the only tropical rainforest on U.S. soil. It's famous for its incredible hiking, an abundance of waterfalls and endemic wildlife.

There are just five bioluminescent bays in the world, and Puerto Rico is home to three: Bahia Mosquito, Laguna Grande and La Parguera. To access Puerto Rico's bio bays via kayak or paddleboard, you'll need to paddle through dark mangrove channels — signing up with a tour operator is definitely the way to go. Most companies operate two tours each night, at sunset and 9 p.m.

The protected wildlife reserve of Bahia Mosquito is located on Vieques, an island municipality a short flight from San Juan. Famed for its picture-perfect crescents of sand, boutique hotels and crystalline waters, Vieques is the quintessential Caribbean idyll. Boasting the highest concentration of phosphorescent dinoflagellates (plankton that make the water sparkle with just the touch of a hand), Mosquito Bay is the brightest of the world's five bio bays.

For travelers with limited time, Laguna Grande is the most accessible bio bay in Puerto Rico, less than an hour's drive from San Juan on the northeast coast. What sets Laguna Grande apart is that the bay is actually a lagoon nestled within an area of spectacular natural beauty.

Puerto Rico is replete with gorgeous, sandy beaches. Near Luquillo, La Pared is an often deserted stretch of almost golden sand. The beach town of Naguabo, in the southeast corner of the island, is also incredibly quiet, and palm trees frame the soft, sandy beach and turquoise water.

Ponce is Puerto Rico's second-largest city. Located on the island's southern coast, it's chock-full of history. Be sure to check out Plaza Las Delicias, which has a cathedral as well as an old firehouse (Parque de Bombas) that's now a museum.

Museo de la Musica Puertoriquena has a rich history dating back to the 19th century. Here, you'll find traces of Taino, Spanish and African influences. You'll also learn about Puerto Rico's musical history, which you can now hear throughout other parts of the Caribbean, the mainland and around the world.

Where to stay in Puerto Rico

Hyatt regency grand reserve puerto rico.

Fresh from a multimillion-dollar face-lift, this 579-key beach resort reopened in 2019 as the Hyatt Regency Grand Reserve.

Rooms (starting at 520 square feet), suites and villas are contemporary and inviting, with simple wooden furnishings, marble floors, a white-on-white color palette and furnished terraces and patios. Bathrooms feature rainfall showers with separate tubs and Pharmacopia toiletries.

Beyond the hotel's natural assets — a beautiful white-sand beach and 72 acres of flamboyant tropical vegetation — amenities include a lagoon-style pool, a state-of-the-art fitness center, a luxurious spa, two Tom Kite-designed 18-hole championship golf courses and several upscale restaurants serving everything from Pacific Rim cuisine and sushi at Nori Asian to prime cuts of beef and seafood at Prime 787, a contemporary American steakhouse.

The hotel can arrange a number of activities nearby, including horseback riding, an all-terrain-vehicle excursion at nearby Carabali Rainforest Adventure Park and hikes through El Yunque National Forest.

Rates at the Hyatt Regency Grand Reserve start at $300 or 12,000 World of Hyatt points per night.

Hilton Ponce Golf & Casino Resort

The rambling 255-key Hilton Ponce Golf & Casino Resort is the only Hilton hotel outside of the San Juan area.

While rooms are rather spartan and generic, they have an inviting beachy vibe with a green-and-white color palette, light wood furnishings, tiled floors and balconies with ocean views (in most rooms). Comfort-enhancing modern touches include coffee makers, minifridges and flat-screen televisions.

At this amenity-rich, family-friendly resort, there's plenty to keep adults and children entertained, including two expansive pools, a 27-hole championship golf course, a miniature golf course, tennis courts, a playground and a splash park. It's also home to one of the largest casinos in Puerto Rico and four restaurants: El Bohio, La Cava, La Terraza and Sancho's Sushi Bar.

While it isn't the splashiest Hilton property in Puerto Rico, it's a great base for exploring Puerto Rico's southwest coast.

Rates at the Hilton Ponce Golf & Casino Resort start at $230 or 50,000 Hilton Honors points per night.

The St. Regis Bahia Beach Resort

Located between El Yunque National Forest and Espiritu Santo River State Preserve, The St. Regis Bahia Beach Resort places guests within striking distance of two of Puerto Rico's top attractions.

Designed by Puerto Rican fashion designer Nono Maldonado, the spacious (and completely refurbished) accommodations channel a breezy Caribbean aesthetic with a serene white-and-cream color palette, abstract artworks and sleek, modern furnishings.

However, it's the luxe details and exquisite service that really set this property apart. There's the cozy pillow-top bed dressed with a cashmere throw, the marble spa-style bathroom with a centerpiece deep soaking tub that's stocked with luxe Frette bathrobes, and, of course, the St. Regis' private butler service.

A surfeit of amenities include a beautifully landscaped swimming pool, a lavish spa, a Robert Trent Jones Jr.-designed golf course and three acclaimed restaurants.

Rates at The St. Regis Bahia Beach Resort start at $695 or 70,000 Marriott Bonvoy points per night.

Dorado Beach, a Ritz-Carlton Reserve

Puerto Rico's most exclusive resort, Dorado Beach, a Ritz-Carlton Reserve , combines unbridled luxury and impeccable attention to detail with a sustainable ethos. Built by the Rockefeller family in the 1950s, it remains a magnet for tycoons, celebrities and, these days, cryptocurrency investors.

Nestled on a glorious 2-mile beach amid a riot of mature tropical vegetation, beautifully appointed rooms and suites are equipped with every creature comfort imaginable and assigned their own private butler. Standard rooms are huge (they start at 1,000 square feet), while deluxe suites also feature private plunge pools.

The resort's amenities are, as you'd expect, exceptional. There are two gorgeous pools fronted by swaying palms, three Robert Trent Jones Sr.-designed golf courses and one of Puerto Rico's finest restaurants: Coa, a culinary homage to the region's Taino roots. A roster of family-friendly activities includes the signature Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ambassadors of the Environment program.

Rates at Dorado Beach, a Ritz-Carlton Reserve start at $1,995 or 170,000 Marriott Bonvoy points per night.

Related: Puerto Rican renaissance: A review of Dorado Beach, a Ritz-Carlton Reserve

The details

Getting there.

If you're interested in visiting Puerto Rico, flights are plentiful. There are more than 120 nonstop flights between the island and major mainland U.S. cities, according to Discover Puerto Rico . That means you can fly nonstop between the island and cities like New York, Miami, Fort Lauderdale and Chicago. Most of the nonstop routes are to San Juan.

While the cheapest available flights to Puerto Rico typically range from $300 to $600, you can pick up deals with both legacy carriers as well as low-cost carriers such as Spirit Airlines and Frontier Airlines .

Of course, a cheap deal isn't the only way to get to the island.

You can easily use points and miles to get you from major cities to Puerto Rico. American Airlines , for example, offers off-peak MileSAAver awards from 17,000 miles one-way in economy or 59,000 in business class.

With United Airlines , expect to spend between 20,000 and 65,000 miles for a one-way ticket from cities like Newark and Chicago.

But perhaps the best way to use points to visit Puerto Rico is through JetBlue .

On JetBlue, you have several destinations beyond San Juan to consider. For instance, you could fly round-trip from New York to Aguadilla for just $274 or 23,000 TrueBlue points in August this year, or to Ponce for $386 or 31,000 TrueBlue points round-trip.

You can transfer Chase Ultimate Rewards points to JetBlue at a 1:1 ratio, but this might not be the best use of your Chase points .

JetBlue is a transfer partner of American Express Membership Rewards as well, but TPG doesn't recommend transferring Amex points to JetBlue because of the limited value you'll get. Additionally, points transfer at a weak 250:200 transfer ratio.

You can also transfer Citi ThankYou Rewards to JetBlue, though the transfer ratio isn't great — either 1:0.8 or 1:0.5, depending on which Citi card you have.

Do you need a passport to go to Puerto Rico?

Nope! Puerto Rico is an unincorporated U.S. territory, so you don't need a passport or a visa to visit if you're a U.S. citizen. Just bring your state ID and you'll be good to go.

Getting around

Ride-hailing Uber is the only ride-hailing app that made its way to Puerto Rico and survived the pandemic. The mobile app is equally as effective as it is on the mainland and is very popular with locals for its competitive rates (compared to local taxis), efficiency and reliability.

Taxis Within San Juan, taxis are frequent, reliable and comfortable; look for white cabs labeled Taxi Turistico. Designated taxi stands are located at key tourist points in San Juan (including cruise ship piers, major hotels, Plaza de Armas and Plaza Colon). Taxis operate a fixed-rate system according to specified zones, but they can be pricey. Once you leave the metro area, it becomes increasingly expensive to travel between towns.

If you plan to stay in neighborhoods like Old San Juan, you probably won't need a car, Uber or taxi since the area is pretty walkable.

If you're a public transportation geek like me, make sure the Tren Urbano is on your radar. It's an 11-mile rapid transit system that serves San Juan, Guaynabo and Bayamon. The trip between Bayamon and San Juan is just 30 minutes, and the one-line train system has 16 stops; it passes through the University of Puerto Rico as well as the Santa Rosa shopping mall. It's very affordable, too: A regular fare is just $1.50 and if you're between the ages of 60 and 74, just 75 cents. Better yet, if you're 6 years of age or younger, or 75 or older, it's free.

Renting a car in Puerto Rico is pretty straightforward with all the major rental companies to consider, including Avis, Enterprise and Hertz, each of which is located at the airport.

The best times to visit Puerto Rico

The majority of hurricanes in Puerto Rico typically occur between August and October, while hurricane season runs from June 1 to Nov. 30, according to the U.S. National Weather Service . Notably, Hurricane Maria made landfall on Sept. 20, 2017.

Many people I spoke with on the island said, "Summertime is all the time" in Puerto Rico, with temperatures hovering in the 80s daily. If you're trying to avoid the infamous daily Caribbean rains, you'll want to plan to visit between January and March, as precipitation is low .

If you want to avoid the hordes of people traveling during spring break but still want to visit before hurricane season kicks in, the spring is the best time to score flight and hotel deals. As an added bonus, you'll have the beach all to yourself.

Bottom line

Puerto Rico has come a long way since Hurricane Maria in 2017 and Fiona in 2022. Let it be known that the island is open for travelers — and eager for the business. From beach resorts to landmarks, excellent food and great hospitality, there's something for everyone who makes the short flight down to visit.

Related reading:

• The best hotels in Puerto Rico
• 8 reasons to visit Puerto Rico in 2023
• Best points hotels in the Caribbean
• Start booking your summer trips now — here's why
• The 26 best Marriott hotels in the world

How To Explore Puerto Rico Safely

P uerto Rico is a Caribbean island located in between the Dominican Republic and U.S. Virgin Islands with diverse influences. The island is a U.S. territory, which means that tourists who are American citizens do not need a passport to visit. The tropical destination is a place where English (along with Spanish) is commonly spoken and the U.S. dollar is used, so it is particularly accessible for people coming from America. But all travelers going to Puerto Rico will appreciate the island for its rich history, vibrant (Spanish, Indigenous and African ) culture, naturally beautiful scenery and welcoming community. The landscape of Puerto Rico is unique , since the island has lush forests, bioluminescent beaches, mountains, caves, valleys and desert. 

Travelers visiting Puerto Rico will have plenty to do since it’s home to the largest shopping center in the Caribbean, Plaza Las Américas. The island also has the most extensive rum factory in the world, Casa Bacardi, and a legal drinking age of 18 years old, making it a popular party destination. With a diverse and complex culture , historical gems can also be found there, like the Caparra Archaeological Site, which contains some of the oldest evidence of the “New World”. For adrenaline junkies, some of the most popular attractions and activities in Puerto Rico include beach fun and watersports. Snorkeling, surfing, kayaking and sailing are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to adventurous things to do in Puerto Rico. 

While all of these attractions are enticing, of course travelers want to know that they can enjoy their excursions without worry. The safety level of a destination is of utmost importance to travelers. Puerto Rico has a somewhat questionable reputation for safety, so some travelers may feel hesitant to travel there. We have compiled an overview of the safety in Puerto Rico, which will help travelers decide for themselves if they want to travel there.

Official Travel Advisories

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a great resource for travelers to gauge the threat levels of a destination. Through its world factbook the CIA shares travel facts, recommendations for emergency situations, suggests safe tourist destinations and provides information on local culture. These tips can help travelers feel more comfortable during their stay in Puerto Rico. 

For health concerns, travelers can depend on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Its website keeps people up to date on travel health notices and relevant recommendations. Like drinking bottled water and washing any produce before eating it, while in Puerto Rico. Travelers can utilize the CDC website to track local illnesses, environmental risks and ways to avoid contracting anything while abroad. Before, during and even after travel are ideal times to use this resource to maintain health. WHO also has reports that provide important information on the health of Puerto Rico. Its specialized health agency Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) has a regional office and provides country health profiles. 

Is Puerto Rico Safe for Tourists and Solo Travelers?

Yes, Puerto Rico is an overall safe place to visit. While crime in Puerto Rico is lower than most places in the mainland United States, there still is some crime that travelers may be concerned about. The island also technically has a lower crime rate than similarly sized metropolitan areas. The densely populated island’s primary safety concerns have to do with the drug trade which in turn increases the violent crime rate. But, if travelers stay away from criminal activity they should be safe, according to local police. 

Solo travelers are encouraged to be aware of their surroundings and to not go out at night alone, to avoid robberies. Plenty of solo travelers have gone to Puerto Rico and felt safe, but it is also important to note that they stayed diligent about their personal safety. Rural areas that may have either low or no lighting may pose a risk to solo travelers. But the majority of solo travelers are concerned about environmental threats when preparing to travel to Puerto Rico. Bug bites, sunburn and dehydration are all concerns that travelers should prepare for. 

How To Stay Safe in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico is a welcoming destination that does not pose a great risk to travelers. But, as is common, travelers can run into trouble if they are not careful. Tourists should be wary about theft and mugging, particularly in the large metropolitan areas of Puerto Rico. Theft is the number one issue to be concerned about as a tourist of Puerto Rico. There are also many ways to avoid having possessions stolen, like keeping money in concealed pockets or pouches while out in public. Highly valuable personal items like cameras, computers and jewelry should be secured, or better yet stored in a safe at a travelers accommodation. 

Transportation safety is important to take note of while in Puerto Rico, even if a visitor is a domestic traveler. For those that anticipate that they will be riding on public transportation, the buses are considered safe. As in many places though, nighttime can increase the amount of danger on public transportation so travelers should be cautious. Keeping possessions within arms reach and not falling asleep in public are good ways to avoid unwanted attention. If travelers want to stay on the safe side they can take government sanctioned taxis per the national tourism office’s recommendation. This would keep tourists safe from scams and drivers that look to take advantage of tourists. 

Where to Stay in Puerto Rico

There are a total of 78 barrios (neighborhoods or districts) in Puerto Rico that all have differing safety levels, which can be difficult to sort through for potential tourists. These are the most tourist-friendly areas with low crime rates, that tourists will love exploring. It is important to note that the east coast of Puerto Rico is heavily frequented by tourists. San Juan is Puerto Rico’s capital and its largest city. It is a popular place for tourists to stay since it has a lot of the main attractions that tourists want to visit. It is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Puerto Rico and is also considered one of the safest. Old San Juan, Miramar, Isla Verde and Condado areas are San Juan’s safest neighborhoods. Old San Juan has historic importance since it is the oldest city in the U.S. that was settled in 1521. There is an abundance of colonial architecture and history in Old San Juan that history buffs will be delighted to see. The area is heavily guarded by policemen so its safety level is very clear for locals and tourists alike. For travelers with a more modern taste, “new San Juan” includes other areas like Condado and Miramar. 

The south and west sides of the island are full of locals. Ponce is a south-central coastal city, which is the second most populated area besides San Juan. It is a small yet popular residential area that is known to evade the impact of seasonal hurricanes. This location may be preferable if visiting during stormy seasons. In western Puerto Rico, there are plenty of beautiful beaches and safe beach towns. Rincon and Cabo Rojo are peaceful beachside towns that tourists frequent. But the west side of Puerto Rico is notably more vulnerable to natural disasters, so travelers should be cognizant of that. 

Best Time To Visit the Island

Puerto Rican is tropical all year round, so really the best time to visit depends on a traveler’s preferences. But surprisingly, winter is the best time to visit Puerto Rico. The island experiences temperatures around 70 to 80 degrees during its “cold” season. Winter runs from December to March and is considered the most pleasant time for weather, although the weather in Puerto Rico does not vary extremely. 

There are tropical storms that impact life in Puerto Rico. Natural disasters happen occasionally near Puerto Rico, with most being hurricanes. During hurricane season, between June and November, travelers should keep an eye out for weather forecasts and trends. Prices for travel to Puerto Rico are generally lower from August to November but the affordable prices come at a cost since that is during hurricane season. 

People Also Ask 

Is it cheaper to go to Puerto Rico or Hawaii? Puerto Rico is less expensive to travel to and visit than Hawaii. Puerto Rico has more affordable prices on accommodations and activities, so budget travelers often opt to travel there.

Do I need a passport to visit Puerto Rico? U.S. citizens can travel to Puerto Rico without a passport. It is a U.S. territory so any government issued identification is enough to take a trip there.

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CBP, Coast Guard Intercept 38 Undocumented Aliens En Route to Puerto Rico

AGUADILLA, PUERTO RICO— U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) intercepted late Saturday night a makeshift wooden vessel with 38 undocumented migrant citizens from the Dominican Republic.

A crew of a CBP Marine Patrol Aircraft detected a single engine 25-foot "yola" type wooden vessel without any navigational lights. CBP air assets coordinated with USCG cutter Matinicus and intercepted the vessel about 12 nautical miles northwest of Desecheo Island, finding 38 persons on board who claimed to be citizens of the Dominican Republic.

The migrants were transferred to the USCG cutter for biometric processing and interviews with CBP Border Patrol agents. The examination revealed that 7 migrants had prior illegal entry attempts and 22 were attempting to enter illegally into U.S. territory for the first time.

The USCG repatriated 31 aliens and CBP Border Patrol agents arrested 7 aliens who were transferred to the Ramey station for disposition later in the week. The U.S. Attorney's Office in Puerto Rico agreed to prosecute the six Dominican nationals on charges of illegal entry into a U.S. territory.

According to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC), while smuggling by sea accounts only for a small portion of overall migrant smuggling around the world, the particular dangers of irregular travel at sea make it a priority for response due to the reported fact that more deaths occur by sea.

People who attempt to illegally enter a U.S. territory not only risk becoming victim of criminal organizations but are also subject to formal administrative processing and arrest by CBP agents and officers.

Operation Caribbean Guard is a Department of Homeland Security multi-agency law enforcement operation to support ongoing efforts in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands being executed under the San Juan Regional Coordinating Mechanism (SJ ReCoM)/Caribbean Border Interagency Group (CBIG).

CBIG was formally created to unify efforts of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Coast Guard, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico Police Joint Forces of Rapid Action (FURA, for its Spanish acronym), in their common goal of securing the borders of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands against illegal migrant and drug smuggling.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection is the unified border agency within the Department of Homeland Security charged with the management, control and protection of our nation's borders at and between the official ports of entry. CBP is charged with keeping terrorists and terrorist weapons out of the country while enforcing hundreds of U.S. laws.

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Dengue Epidemic in Puerto Rico? What Should Visitors and Residents Know

Puerto Rico declared a dengue public health emergency with 549 cases this year, up from 1293 in 2023. What should visitors and residents know to protect themselves?

Dengue virus

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The Puerto Rico Health Department has declared a public health emergency due to the 549 reported cases on the island so far this year. For comparison, in 2023, there were 1293 total cases.

So, what should residents and visitors know about dengue?

The report said, “In response to the situation of the spread of the dengue virus in Puerto Rico so far this year, the secretary of the Department of Health, Carlos Mellado López, issued a public health emergency declaration for dengue. With this action, he said, it will be possible to guarantee the necessary resources to strengthen surveillance, detection, prevention, vector control, and clinical management, among other efforts, in order to address the spread of this disease with the promptness and efficiency it deserves.”

Speaking with Infection Control Today, Matthew Pullen, MD, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine at The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and member of the ICT 's Editorial Advisory Board, said, "When traveling to a region with endemic Dengue or an ongoing outbreak, like we're seeing in Puerto Rico, the main focus should always be on prevention. There is no specific treatment for this virus, and subsequent infections after the first episode are at higher risk for severe or fatal disease, so prevention goes a long way. Strategies like using insect repellent, wearing lightweight, long-sleeved clothing (sun shirts, for example), and staying in areas where mosquito control methods are being used can all greatly reduce your risk of infection. If you have had confirmed dengue in the past, there is also 1 US-approved vaccine that can potentially help prevent reinfection. This vaccine is relatively new and infrequently available, so it's recommended to consult with your primary care physician and/or public health offices about this vaccine."

A Message from Sharon Ward-Fore, MS, MT(ASCP), CIC, FAPIC, ICT's Recipient of the ICT's 2023 Educator of the Year

Puerto Rico has recently seen at least 549 cases of Dengue, a mosquito-transmitted illness, prompting Puerto Rico's health officials to announce a public health emergency on March 25th, 2024. The risk of contracting Dengue in Puerto Rico is high; however, the CDC currently does not have any travel notices for Puerto Rico.

Dengue is spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes that spread dengue virus bite during the day and night. These same mosquitoes also spread chikungunya and Zika viruses. Experts say the best way to prevent these diseases is to protect yourself from mosquito bites.

Plan for Travel

4-6 weeks before travel

• Review country-specific travel recommendations, health notices, and warnings.
• Visit a travel clinic or your healthcare provider for pre-travel medical care.
• Pack an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Use this EPA link to find the insect repellant that’s right for you: https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/find-repellent-right-you .
• Because Dengue is spread through mosquito bites, prevent mosquito bites to reduce your risk of getting dengue or other vector-borne viruses like chikungunya or Zika.
• Pack acetaminophen (known as paracetamol outside of the United States), not aspirin or ibuprofen, in your first aid kit. These medications can be used to manage fever and body pain in case you get dengue.

During Your Trip:

• Follow steps to prevent mosquito bites to protect yourself and your family.
• Stay in places with air conditioning and window/door screens.
• Use a bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
• See a health care provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue.

After Your Trip:

• Protect yourself from mosquito bites.
• Even if you do not feel sick, travelers returning from an area with a risk of dengue should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks so they do not spread dengue to mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.

The bottom line is people living in or traveling to areas with a risk of dengue should take steps to avoid mosquito bites.

References:

Dengue: Plan for Travel. CDC. May 17, 2022. Accessed April 2, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/plan-for-travel.html

Traveler’s Health Notices, Puerto Rico https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/puerto-rico?s_cid=ncezid-dgmq-travel-leftnav-traveler#travel-notices

Dengue , a mosquito-borne disease, is a serious health threat. It is caused by 4 virus types: dengue 1, 2, 3, and 4. This illness is prevalent in Puerto Rico, where the risk of infection is notably high, with individuals potentially experiencing dengue up to four times in their lives. While there's no specific treatment for dengue, it can be life-threatening, especially in severe cases that require hospitalization.

“This year, dengue cases have exceeded historical figures. The teams have been working on the integrated plan for prevention and control in response to arboviruses and we will expand the implemented response. It is important to highlight that the increase in cases has not only been reflected in Puerto Rico, but we have seen it throughout the entire region of the Americas,” said Mellado LópezIn efforts to combat dengue, a vaccine called Dengvaxia has been developed, offering protection against future dengue illness, hospitalization, and severe disease. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2019 for children aged 9–16 with prior laboratory-confirmed dengue infections, the vaccine has been deemed safe and effective. Eligible individuals reside in regions where dengue is prevalent, including US territories such as Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands, along with associated states such as the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Testing to confirm a previous dengue infection is required before administering the vaccine to prevent an increased risk of severe illness for those without prior exposure.

In an Infection Control Today interview, Thomas Rademacher, MD, PhD , cofounder and CEO of Emergex, also the emeritus professor of molecular medicine at the  University College London , London, England, said, “ Dengue fever  is caused by the mosquito-borne virus, dengue, a single positive-stranded RNA virus that can be grouped into 4 genetically- and antigenically-related viruses, known as serotypes 1–4, prominent in tropical and subtropical areas.”

He continued, “Approximately half of the world’s population (~3.9B) live in areas with a risk of dengue, which is often a leading cause of illness endemic to these areas; this population does not even include travelers from nonendemic countries, contributing overall to a high-in-demand market for protection against dengue infection. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever and flu-like symptoms, whereas severe dengue fever can be life-threatening within a few hours and often requires hospital care. Dengue is one of the most critical mosquito-borne viral diseases, with up to  400 million people  worldwide infected with the dengue virus each year.

Over the past few decades, the global incidence of dengue has seen a staggering rise, as reported cases to the World Health Organization (WHO) surged from 505,430 in 2000 to 5.2 million by 2019. However, these figures likely underestimate the true burden of the disease, with many cases being either asymptomatic or mild and managed without medical intervention. Additionally, misdiagnoses with other febrile illnesses further contribute to the underreporting of dengue cases.

Estimates from various studies paint a grave picture of the prevalence of dengue, with one model suggesting a staggering 390 million infections annually, of which 96 million result in clinical manifestations.

The threat of dengue extends globally, with more than 100 countries across WHO Regions in Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific now facing endemic levels of the disease. Particularly hard-hit regions include the Americas, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific, with Asia bearing around 70% of the global disease burden. Notably, the disease is encroaching into new territories, with reports of local transmission surfacing in Europe, including instances in France and Croatia in 2010, as well as imported cases detected in other European nations. The unprecedented scale of the disease was evident in 2019, marking the highest number of reported cases globally, with transmission even reaching Afghanistan for the first time. The Americas alone accounted for 3.1 million cases, including over 25,000 classified as severe, while significant numbers were reported in Asian nations such as Bangladesh, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. As of 2021, dengue remains a pressing concern in countries like Brazil, Colombia, the Cook Islands, Fiji, India, Kenya, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, the Reunion Islands, and Vietnam.

Finally, Mellado López stressed in the statement that "it is essential to recognize symptoms early, such as fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, skin rashes, and fatigue, since they could be indicative of dengue. In the presence of any of these symptoms "It is recommended to seek medical attention immediately."

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Here's what to know about dengue as puerto rico declares a health emergency.

Most people with dengue will show no signs of infection or experience only mild symptoms, but in rare cases infections can become severe and potentially fatal.

Puerto Rico has issued a public health emergency after recording an unusually rapid rise in dengue cases over the first few months of this year.

It's the latest area to grapple with a surge of infections of the mosquito-borne disease, which sickens an estimated 100–400 million people globally each year.

According to Puerto Rico's health department, the territory has recorded 549 cases since the start of the year, nearly half of which have occurred in the San Juan region. Puerto Rico saw a total of 1,293 cases throughout all of last year, the Associated Press reported .

"This year, dengue cases have exceeded historical figures," Puerto Rico's health secretary Carlos Mellado López said in a statement.

Dengue has been surging elsewhere, too. Brazil has seen a dramatic uptick in dengue this year, with more than one million cases, while Peru experienced a record number of infections last summer. Argentina is also on the cusp of a record-breaking dengue outbreak .

According to the World Health Organization, about half of the world's population is now at risk for the disease.

What is dengue?

People typically contract dengue through the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with one of the four types of the dengue virus.

Most people with dengue will show no signs of infection or experience only mild symptoms , such as fever, muscle and joint pain and nausea. They typically recover in one or two weeks.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only a quarter of people infected with dengue get sick.

In rare cases, dengue can require hospitalization and be potentially fatal. More severe symptoms include bleeding gums and nose, abdominal pain and persistent vomiting.

Those who've gotten dengue previously are more likely to become seriously ill with a subsequent infection.

Though there is no specific medicine to treat dengue, sufferers can take acetaminophen to control their fever and reduce pain.

How to keep yourself safe

Roughly half of the Earth's population could catch dengue where they live. Found most commonly in tropical and subtropical climates, dengue is endemic to more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas and elsewhere, according to the WHO, and has been spreading to parts of Europe. Last year Florida and Texas reported dengue cases.

There is a vaccine for dengue called Dengvaxia. In the U.S., it is approved for use in children between ages 9–16 who have previously been infected with the disease, and in other parts of the world it is available to adults up to age 45.

Experts say the best way to avoid contracting dengue is to prevent mosquito bites .

Insect repellents such as DEET, Picaridin and IR3535 can help keep mosquitoes at bay. People can also wear loose-fitting clothing that covers their arms and legs and use mosquito nets.

At home, people should have screens in windows and doors and regularly dump standing water from items like flower pots to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.

Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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Here's what to know about dengue, as Puerto Rico declares a public health emergency

Joe Hernandez

Victoria Micieli, director and scientist at the Center for Parasitological and Vector Studies of the national scientific research institute CONICET, classifies different species of mosquitoes at a laboratory in La Plata, in Argentina's Buenos Aires Province, on Tuesday. Luis Robayo/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

Victoria Micieli, director and scientist at the Center for Parasitological and Vector Studies of the national scientific research institute CONICET, classifies different species of mosquitoes at a laboratory in La Plata, in Argentina's Buenos Aires Province, on Tuesday.

Puerto Rico has issued a public health emergency after recording an unusually rapid rise in dengue cases over the first few months of this year.

It's the latest area to grapple with a surge of infections of the mosquito-borne disease, which sickens an estimated 100–400 million people globally each year.

According to Puerto Rico's health department, the territory has recorded 549 cases since the start of the year, nearly half of which have occurred in the San Juan region. Puerto Rico saw a total of 1,293 cases throughout all of last year, the Associated Press reported .

Goats and Soda

With a million cases of dengue so far this year, brazil is in a state of emergency.

"This year, dengue cases have exceeded historical figures," Puerto Rico's health secretary Carlos Mellado López said in a statement.

Dengue has been surging elsewhere, too. Brazil has seen a dramatic uptick in dengue this year, with more than one million cases, while Peru experienced a record number of infections last summer. Argentina is also on the cusp of a record-breaking dengue outbreak .

According to the World Health Organization, about half of the world's population is now at risk for the disease.

What is dengue?

People typically contract dengue through the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with one of the four types of the dengue virus.

Most people with dengue will show no signs of infection or experience only mild symptoms , such as fever, muscle and joint pain and nausea. They typically recover in one or two weeks.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only a quarter of people infected with dengue get sick.

Shots - Health News

The u.s. is unprepared for the growing threat of mosquito- and tick-borne viruses.

In rare cases, dengue can require hospitalization and be potentially fatal. More severe symptoms include bleeding gums and nose, abdominal pain and persistent vomiting.

Those who've gotten dengue previously are more likely to become seriously ill with a subsequent infection.

Though there is no specific medicine to treat dengue, sufferers can take acetaminophen to control their fever and reduce pain.

How to keep yourself safe

Roughly half of the Earth's population could catch dengue where they live. Found most commonly in tropical and subtropical climates, dengue is endemic to more than 100 countries in Asia, Africa, the Americas and elsewhere, according to the WHO, and has been spreading to parts of Europe. Last year Florida and Texas reported dengue cases.

There is a vaccine for dengue called Dengvaxia. In the U.S., it is approved for use in children between ages 9–16 who have previously been infected with the disease, and in other parts of the world it is available to adults up to age 45.

Experts say the best way to avoid contracting dengue is to prevent mosquito bites .

There's A Promising New Vaccine For One Of The World's Top Health Threats

Insect repellents such as DEET, Picaridin and IR3535 can help keep mosquitoes at bay. People can also wear loose-fitting clothing that covers their arms and legs and use mosquito nets.

At home, people should have screens in windows and doors and regularly dump standing water from items like flower pots to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.

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Guest Essay

I’m a Doctor. Dengue Fever Took Even Me by Surprise on Vacation.

By Deborah Heaney

Dr. Heaney is a physician in Ann Arbor, Mich.

I hate mosquitoes so much that I take my own bug repellent to parties. But in early March, on a trip with my partner to the idyllic island of Curaçao off Venezuela, I was caught off guard by insect bites after our bed-and-breakfast hosts said that mosquitoes didn’t usually appear until late summer.

Near the end of the vacation, my legs began to ache. After I couldn’t keep up with my partner on a snorkeling adventure, he pulled me from the water. My ribs felt broken, as if I’d been smashed against large boulders in the sea. Later that day came intense fever, alternating with shaking chills.

Back in Michigan — weak, nauseated and dehydrated from explosive diarrhea — I ended up in the emergency department. Tests showed worrisome white blood cell levels and abnormal liver numbers. The physician assistant who saw me was perplexed; she gave me IV fluids and medication for nausea and sent me home.

A few days later I developed itching so severe that I couldn’t sleep. A bright red rash spread over both thighs and up my lower back. My brain was foggy, and my balance was so impaired that I would have failed a sobriety test. My primary care doctor had no answers. But as my head began to clear, it occurred to me to request a dengue fever test.

Two days later, the test was positive.

Despite my training in medicine, I was blindsided. Dengue, a mosquito-borne illness, is surging through Latin America and the Caribbean, including in Puerto Rico, where a public health emergency was declared last week. This year is likely to be the worst on record, in part because of El Niño-driven temperature spikes and extreme weather linked to climate change. As temperatures rise and precipitation patterns grow more erratic, the problem will get only worse.

But neither the traveling public nor our frontline health workers are prepared. Without urgent reforms to how we educate travelers, doctors, nurses and others — as well as reforms to public health surveillance and early warning systems — we will be doomed to miss textbook cases like mine. That means those infected with dengue will miss out on timely treatment, possibly even spreading the virus to areas where it was never found before.

The dengue virus, which is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, infects up to 400 million people every year in nearly every region of the world, but it is most prevalent in Latin America, South and Southeast Asia and East Africa. Most cases are asymptomatic or, like mine, are considered mild, although the aptly nicknamed breakbone fever often doesn’t feel that way. Some 5 percent of cases progress to a severe, life-threatening disease including hemorrhagic fever.

One malicious feature of dengue is that when someone is infected a second time with a different type of the virus, the risk of severe illness is higher. A vaccine exists, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends it only for children ages 9 to 16 who had dengue before and live in places where the virus is common. That’s because, paradoxically, if you’ve never had dengue, the vaccine puts you at greater risk of severe illness your first time.

Dengue outbreaks, which, in the Americas, tend to occur every three to five years , now appear to be expanding their geographic reach as temperatures climb . The Aedes aegypti mosquito has typically had difficulty surviving and reproducing during the winter in temperate climates. But in parts of Brazil, which is experiencing a dengue emergency , the thermometer no longer dips as low in the winter as it once did, allowing the bugs to reproduce year-round. Overall, Latin America and the Caribbean have had three times the number of cases this year as reported for the same period in 2023, which was a record year. Higher temperatures are also helping the virus develop faster inside the mosquito, leading to a higher viral load and a higher probability of transmission. And mosquitoes are benefiting from standing water from rains and floods that are growing more extreme in a warming world.

As the virus spreads globally, travelers are bringing infections back to the continental United States. Based on 2024 numbers to date, this year should show a clear increase of cases here at home compared with 2023, given that the typical dengue season hasn’t even started yet. There could also be local outbreaks in places like Florida, Texas and California, which experienced small ones in the past. As Dr. Gabriela Paz-Bailey, the chief of the C.D.C.’s dengue branch, told me by email, “Increased travel to places with dengue risk could lead to more local transmission, but the risk of widespread transmission in the continental United States is low.”

But since testing is done only on a small fraction of cases, many are going uncounted. I was the one who requested that I be tested. Had I not been given a diagnosis, I would not be aware of my increased risk of severe illness if I am reinfected. Getting a diagnosis is crucial to inform those infected in areas where the Aedes mosquito lives so that the virus doesn’t spread further.

The growing risk means travelers to regions with dengue must be savvier: They can check local news and U.S. State Department advisories, bring an effective insect repellent and protective clothing and book lodging with air-conditioning or screens on the windows and doors. Though Aedes aegypti mosquitoes now live year-round in many locations and are pushing northward into new regions , thanks to climate change and other factors, there are still seasons when the risk is greater, and travelers might consider avoiding trips during those periods. Travel insurance with medical coverage may also be a useful precaution.

For medical professionals, this should be a warning. We need to start thinking about dengue as a possible diagnosis, not just a piece of textbook trivia. We should ask about recent travel when treating patients presenting with symptoms, especially symptoms not easily explained by other diagnoses.

Medical schools are gradually integrating climate change effects into curriculums . This is essential, since malaria, Lyme, West Nile and other insect-borne diseases are on the rise, as are other conditions like heat illness, asthma and allergies that are worsened by climate change. This work must accelerate, and training must include those of us who are already practicing. State medical boards should consider mandating continuing education on tropical emerging illnesses, as they do on many other pertinent topics.

After receiving my positive test result, I called the emergency department to leave a message for my previous provider about my diagnosis, assuming she had never before seen dengue. If we continue on this trajectory, I’m certain this won’t be her last case.

Deborah Heaney is a preventive, occupational and environmental health physician practicing in Ann Arbor, Mich. She also holds a master’s degree in public health.

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An earlier version of this article included an incorrect reference to the mosquitoes that spread dengue. They are members of the Aedes genus, not species.

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