gazelle grand tourist

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Gazelle - Grand Tourist set (dames en herenfiets) - Touringbike - 1982

Geselecteerd door Andre Dekker

Prachtige set 'Gazelle Grand Tourist' fietsen te koop. Bestaande uit een damesfiets model en herenfiets model. Beide in 1982 aangeschaft in Nederland. Op de laatste foto is hetzelfde model te zien uit de Gazelle Databank van 1982. De Grand Tourist van Gazelle was in die tijd de best uitgeruste en meest luxe tourfiets die je kon kopen. Dat deze in uitstekende staat verkerende set tot op de dag van vandaag bij elkaar is gebleven is bijzonder te noemen. De fietsen horen bij elkaar en worden daarom als set verkocht. Beiden fietsen zijn in de originele kleur ‘British Racing Green' (donkergroen metallic) gespoten, met witte en rode details. De fietsen verkeren voor hun leeftijd in uitzonderlijk goede staat. Beide Gazelle Grand Tourist fietsen beschikken over: - Bouwjaar: 1982 - Kleur: British Racing Green - Framematen: 61 cm (herenfiets), 57 cm (damesfiets) - Sturmey Archer 3 Speed versnellingen - Leren Lepper zadel (herenzadel en dameszadel) - Gazelle crankset - Gazelle fietsbel - Gazelle verlichtingsset voor en achter - Nieuwe banden met witte bies. Bandenmaat: 32-622 (28 inch x 1 5/8 x 1 1/4) - Gazelle fietsstandaard - Gazelle metalen kettingkast - Gekeurd AXA slot, twee sleutels - Fietspomp op frame - WIDEK bagagebinders Fietsen, remmen en sturen heerlijk, zonder bijgeluiden of geratel. Zoals het hoort bij een Gazelle. Kortom: een fantastische set fietsen voor lange tourafstanden in de zomer! Locatie: Amsterdam, Nederland. Voor de verzending zijn de kosten, inclusief €30,- verpakkingskosten, voor beiden fietsen.

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8 Facts You Might Not Know About Gazelles

These speedy members of the antelope family are full of surprises.

• University of Georgia

Lars Johansson / EyeEm / Getty Images

• Animal Rights
• Endangered Species

Gazelles are famously fleet-footed members of the antelope family, living primarily in dry, open habitats like deserts and grasslands. They tend to gather in migratory or nomadic herds, remaining vigilant about predators as they roam the landscape to eat grasses and shrubs.

These generally tan-colored herbivores are fixtures of arid regions in Africa and Asia, yet they are also easily overlooked, often seeming like part of the scenery until they suddenly bolt at the sight of a cheetah. In honor of these elegant ungulates, some of which are struggling to coexist with our species, here are a few interesting things you may not know about gazelles.

1. Gazelles Don't Outrun Cheetahs – They Outmaneuver Them

Nick Dale / EyeEm / Getty Images

Gazelles are undeniably fast sprinters. A Thomson's gazelle can run up to 43 mph (70 kph), but some species can reach speeds as high as 60 mph (100 kph). That's twice as fast as the top speed on record by a human runner — Usain Bolt's 27 mph (43 kph) — but it still isn't always fast enough. It might help them escape an African lion or African wild dog , but cheetahs can sprint up to 75 mph (120 kph).

Rather than trying to outrun the world's fastest land animal, gazelles often focus on outmaneuvering and outlasting it. Forcing a cheetah to change directions can help undercut the cat's speed advantage, but it can also be risky if the chase is close. Perhaps a gazelle's greatest asset is endurance: Cheetahs can only sprint for about 0.28 miles (0.45 km), while gazelles can maintain high speeds for significantly longer. They just need to stay ahead long enough for the cheetah to run out of gas, although they might also try to end the chase even earlier with a very different tactic.

2. They May 'Pronk' to Impress Their Predators

Rick Wilhelmsen / Flickr / CC BY-SA 2.0

When fleeing from a predator, gazelles often perform a distinctive stiff-legged vertical leap known as "pronking" or "stotting." This can seem strange, since these high bounces into the air make the gazelle more visible to predators, and also take up time and energy that could be dedicated to faster, more direct movement away from their pursuer.

Watch a young dama gazelle pronking in this clip from Smithsonian's National Zoo:

Scientists have considered several possible explanations for this, such as alerting other members of their herd to the danger or trying to avoid an ambush in tall grass. Research on Thomson's gazelles, however, suggests pronking is a form of communication from gazelles to their predators. It may be a behavior known in evolutionary biology as an "honest signal," in which a gazelle leaps to show off its own general fitness, potentially discouraging the predator by demonstrating how hard it will be to catch.  

In a similar vein, pronking could be a way of signaling to the predator that it has been seen by the gazelle, and has therefore lost the element of surprise. Among young gazelles, though, pronking may also let the mother know her calf is in danger and needs protection.  

3. They Can Shrink Their Hearts and Livers

Charles J. Sharp / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0

Gazelles are well-adapted to life in dry environments, but even they may struggle when food and water dwindle in severe droughts. Some species can adjust their physiology to cope — sand gazelles, for example, have evolved the ability to shrink oxygen-demanding organs like the heart and liver during lean times. This allows them to breathe less, which might reduce the amount of water lost to respiratory evaporation.  

4. They're Linked to an Ancient Form of Poetry

The word "gazelle" may have come to English from French, but it likely originated from the Arabic word ghazaal , for deer or gazelles.   That word shares its root syllables with the similar term ghazal , which roughly means "conversations with women,"   and these two variations may have both influenced the name for a form of Arabic poetry known as ghazal .

Dating back to the 6th century, the ghazal focuses on themes of romantic love and the pain of loss and separation. A ghazal involves sets of two-line verses, with the second line of each couplet ending with the same word or phrase, always preceded by the couplet's rhyming word. This often sad note echoing through a ghazal is said to arise from the frustrations of lost love, which links back to another translation of ghazaal as not just deer or gazelles in general, but specifically "the painful wail of a wounded deer."  

5. Some Gazelles Honk When They're Nervous

Kazzaz Photography / Getty Images

Like other antelopes, gazelles make a wide range of noises. These include snorts, grunts, bleats, and bellows, to name a few. The dama gazelle of north-central Africa, for one, makes an "endearing honk" when it sees something worrisome, according to the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute . The tone varies in length and pitch, and every individual sounds different.

6. Both Males and Females Have Horns

Most deer species limit antlers to males, but both sexes of gazelles can grow horns, although males' may be longer. A gazelle horn is a bony core encased in an outer layer featuring keratin and is often curved and ringed. While deer shed their antlers every year, gazelle horns are permanently attached.

7. Young Male Gazelles May Form 'Bachelor Herds'

Paul Souders / Getty Images

Gazelles are primarily social animals, often congregating in massive herds. Some gazelle gatherings contain hundreds of individuals, although many others are much smaller and segregated by sex.

Among Thomson's gazelles, females form migratory groups that enter the territory of males, especially those whose territories include more resources like food, water, and shade. Younger males gather in bachelor herds, which are excluded from areas claimed by territorial males.   These bachelor herds are found mainly at the periphery of an area populated by gazelles and are thus often the first to be encountered by predators.  

8. Several Gazelle Species Are Struggling

Many gazelle species face some degree of existential threat today, with many considered at least vulnerable if not endangered. Unsustainable hunting by humans has been a major factor in the decline of some species, along with habitat degradation and competition for food from livestock.

The dama gazelle, for one, is listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which estimates only 100 to 250 individuals remain in the wild.   Captive breeding programs may now be the species' best hope for survival.

Save the Gazelle

• Avoid buying meat, horns, hide, or any other products made from gazelles.
• Support conservation organizations working to protect threatened gazelle species, such as the African Wildlife Foundation or the Sahara Conservation Fund .

" Eudorcas thomsonii : Thomson's gazelle ." Animal Diversity Web .

FitzGibbon, C. D., and J. H. Fanshawe. " Stotting In Thomson's Gazelles: An Honest Signal Of Condition ."  Behavioral Ecology And Sociobiology , vol 23, no. 2, 1988, pp. 69-74.  Springer Science And Business Media LLC , doi:10.1007/bf00299889

Caro, T.M. " The Functions Of Stotting In Thomson's Gazelles: Some Tests Of The Predictions ."  Animal Behaviour , vol 34, no. 3, 1986, pp. 663-684.  Elsevier BV , doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(86)80052-5

Ostrowski, Stéphane et al. " Physiological Adjustments Of Sand Gazelles (Gazella Subgutturosa) To A Boom‐Or‐Bust Economy: Standard Fasting Metabolic Rate, Total Evaporative Water Loss, And Changes In The Sizes Of Organs During Food And Water Restriction ."  Physiological And Biochemical Zoology , vol 79, no. 4, 2006, pp. 810-819.  University Of Chicago Press , doi:10.1086/504614

" Gazelle ."  Online Etymology Dictionary .

Pritchett, Frances. " Genre Overview - Ghazal ."  Columbia University .

Kanda, K. C.  Masterpieces of Urdu Ghazal from the 17th to 20th Century . Sterling, 1998, p. 4.

Jarman, P.J. " The Social Organisation Of Antelope In Relation To Their Ecology ."  Behaviour , vol 48, no. 1-4, 1974, pp. 215-267.  Brill , doi:10.1163/156853974x00345

Walther, Fritz R. " Flight Behaviour And Avoidance Of Predators In Thomson's Gazelle (Gazella Thomsoni Guenther 1884) ."  Behaviour , vol 34, no. 3, 1969, pp. 184-220.  Brill , doi:10.1163/156853969x00053

" IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species: Nanger Dama ."  IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species , 2020.

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Moscow metro to be more tourist-friendly

A new floor sign system at the Moscow metro's Pushkinskaya station. Source: Vladimir Pesnya / RIA Novosti

For many years now, Moscow has lagged behind St. Petersburg when it comes to making life easy for tourists, especially where getting around the city is concerned. Whereas the northern capital installed English-language maps, signs and information points throughout its subway system in the late 2000s, the Russian capital’s metro remained a serious challenge for foreign visitors to navigate.

Recent visitors to Moscow may have noticed some signs that change is afoot, however. In many stations of the Moscow subway, signs have appeared on the floor – with large lettering in Russian and English – indicating the direction to follow in order to change lines. Previously, foreign visitors using the Moscow metro had to rely solely upon deciphering the Russian-language signs hanging from the ceilings.

Student volunteers help tourists find their way in Moscow

However, this new solution has a significant drawback. “The floor navigation is visible only to a small stream of people – fewer than three people per meter. During peak hours, this navigation will simply not be noticed,” said Konstantin Trofimenko, Director of the Center for Urban Transportation Studies.

One of the biggest problems for tourists in the Russian capital remains the absence of English translations of the names of subway stations in the station vestibules and on platforms. The Department of Transportation in Moscow has not commented yet as to when this problem will be solved. However, Latin transliterations of station names can already be found in the subway cars themselves.

Finding the right exit

At four of the central stations – Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya, Ploshchad Revolyutsii, Lubyanka and Kuznetsky Most – the city authorities have now installed colorful stands at the exits with schematic diagrams of the station’s concourse and surrounding area, which provide information about the main attractions and infrastructural facilities.

The schematic diagrams are the work of British specialists from the City ID and Billings Jackson Design firms, who have already implemented successful projects in New York and London.

According to Alexei Novichkov, expert at the Design Laboratory at the Higher School of Economics, the design of these information booths raises no objections: The color solutions, font, layout and icons are consistent with international standards.

However, the stands do have some shortcomings. “Many questions are raised about the fact that the developers of these maps did not apply orientation to the north, and have provided layouts of the surrounding areas with respect to the exits,” says Novichkov. “A system like that is used for road navigators, but most of the ‘paper’ guides and maps are oriented strictly to north. The subway map is also oriented to north, so people may become confused.”

Muscovites and foreign visitors are generally positive about these navigation elements, with most of them citing the numbered exits from the subway as the most useful feature.

The fact is that many Moscow subway stations have several exits. One of the busiest central stations of the Moscow subway in particular, Kitay-Gorod, has more than a dozen exits. Previously, these exits were differentiated from each other only with signs in Russian referring to the names of streets and places of interest to which they led – making it easy for tourists and those with poor navigation skills to get confused.

Now, when making an appointment to meet a friend, instead of struggling to find the right spot when they tell you: “I'll meet you at the exit to Solyanka Street,” you can just propose to meet under a specific exit number.

“I’ve lived in Moscow for seven years,” says Angelika, a designer from Voronezh, “but I still don’t always know where to go to find the place I need, so the new schematic diagrams will be very useful. Previously, some subway stations had maps, but not with so much detail.”

Teething problems

Foreigners, meanwhile, focus their attention on other elements. “It is good that the new information boards have QR-codes, which can be ‘read’ by smartphones,” says Florentina, a writer from Vienna. But there are also shortcomings. “The English font of the information on posters and in the captions to theaters and museums is too small – you have to come very close to see it well,” she says.

Pleasant encounters on the streets of Moscow

Florentina was also dissatisfied with the fact that such posters are not provided at all subway stations: “When I was trying to find Tsaritsyno Park (a museum and reserve in the south of Moscow) at a subway station with the same name, it turned out to be quite difficult,” she says.

“There are no maps with landmarks for other areas, such as those already in the city center. There were no clear pointers in the English language, and the passers-by I met did not speak in English, so they could not help me,” she adds.

Officials say that the navigation system is gradually being redeveloped and improved. According to Darya Chuvasheva, a press representative for the Department of Transport of Moscow, the introduction of a unified navigation system will take place in stages.

“By the end of 2014, the system will first appear on the first subway stations on the Circle Line. By the end of 2015, we plan to install the system at all major stopping points, subway stations and transport interchange hubs,” says Chuvasheva.

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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