scotland travel advisory

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United Kingdom, including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland Traveler View

Travel health notices, vaccines and medicines, non-vaccine-preventable diseases, stay healthy and safe.

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After Your Trip

There are no notices currently in effect for United Kingdom, including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

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Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor at least a month before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need. If you or your doctor need help finding a location that provides certain vaccines or medicines, visit the Find a Clinic page.

Routine vaccines

Recommendations.

Make sure you are up-to-date on all routine vaccines before every trip. Some of these vaccines include

• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
• Flu (influenza)
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)

Immunization schedules

All eligible travelers should be up to date with their COVID-19 vaccines. Please see  Your COVID-19 Vaccination  for more information. 

COVID-19 vaccine

Hepatitis A

Consider hepatitis A vaccination for most travelers. It is recommended for travelers who will be doing higher risk activities, such as visiting smaller cities, villages, or rural areas where a traveler might get infected through food or water. It is recommended for travelers who plan on eating street food.

Hepatitis A - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep A

Hepatitis B

Recommended for unvaccinated travelers younger than 60 years old traveling to the United Kingdom. Unvaccinated travelers 60 years and older may get vaccinated before traveling to the United Kingdom.

Hepatitis B - CDC Yellow Book

Dosing info - Hep B

Cases of measles are on the rise worldwide. Travelers are at risk of measles if they have not been fully vaccinated at least two weeks prior to departure, or have not had measles in the past, and travel internationally to areas where measles is spreading.

All international travelers should be fully vaccinated against measles with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, including an early dose for infants 6–11 months, according to  CDC’s measles vaccination recommendations for international travel .

Measles (Rubeola) - CDC Yellow Book

the United Kingdom is free of dog rabies. However, rabies may still be present in wildlife species, particularly bats. CDC recommends rabies vaccination before travel only for people working directly with wildlife. These people may include veterinarians, animal handlers, field biologists, or laboratory workers working with specimens from mammalian species.

Rabies - CDC Yellow Book

Tick-borne Encephalitis

Avoid bug bites

Learn more about tick-borne encephalitis at your destination .

Tick-borne Encephalitis - CDC Yellow Book

Avoid contaminated water

Leptospirosis

How most people get sick (most common modes of transmission)

• Touching urine or other body fluids from an animal infected with leptospirosis
• Swimming or wading in urine-contaminated fresh water, or contact with urine-contaminated mud
• Drinking water or eating food contaminated with animal urine
• Avoid contaminated water and soil

Clinical Guidance

Airborne & droplet.

• Breathing in air or accidentally eating food contaminated with the urine, droppings, or saliva of infected rodents
• Bite from an infected rodent
• Less commonly, being around someone sick with hantavirus (only occurs with Andes virus)
• Avoid rodents and areas where they live
• Avoid sick people

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Breathe in TB bacteria that is in the air from an infected and contagious person coughing, speaking, or singing.

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in the United Kingdom, so your behaviors are important.

Eat and drink safely

Food and water standards around the world vary based on the destination. Standards may also differ within a country and risk may change depending on activity type (e.g., hiking versus business trip). You can learn more about safe food and drink choices when traveling by accessing the resources below.

• Choose Safe Food and Drinks When Traveling
• Water Treatment Options When Hiking, Camping or Traveling
• Global Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water
• Avoid Contaminated Water During Travel

You can also visit the  Department of State Country Information Pages  for additional information about food and water safety.

Prevent bug bites

Although the United Kingdom is an industrialized country, bug bites here can still spread diseases. Just as you would in the United States, try to avoid bug bites while spending time outside or in wooded areas.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?

• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
• Consider using permethrin-treated clothing and gear if spending a lot of time outside. Do not use permethrin directly on skin.

What type of insect repellent should I use?

• FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
• Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
• Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or para-menthane-diol (PMD)
• 2-undecanone
• Always use insect repellent as directed.

What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?

• Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
• Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.

What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs .

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites .

Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in the United Kingdom include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip:

• Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
• Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
• Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
• If you are outside for many hours in the heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation : use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
• Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

Stay safe around water

• Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
• Do not dive into shallow water.
• Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
• Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if you are driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.

Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
• If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately.  Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

• Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
• Go to a doctor right away.
• Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.

Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.

Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

• Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
• Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance for things your regular insurance will not cover.
• Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medicines you take.
• Bring copies of your prescriptions for medicine and for eye glasses and contact lenses.
• Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call the United Kingdom’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
• Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website ( www.jointcommissioninternational.org ).

Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

• Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
• Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
• Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.

Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

• Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
• Make sure there are seatbelts.
• Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
• Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
• Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
• Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

• Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
• Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
• Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

• Wear a seatbelt at all times.
• Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
• When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
• Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
• Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
• If you choose to drive a vehicle in the United Kingdom, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
• Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
• Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
• Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
• If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
• Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

Traffic flows on the left side of the road in the United Kingdom.

• Always pay close attention to the flow of traffic, especially when crossing the street.
• LOOK RIGHT for approaching traffic.

Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave

• Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
• Monitor travel advisories and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) .
• Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
• Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.

While at your destination(s)

• Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate .
• Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
• Follow all local laws and social customs.
• Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
• Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
• If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.

Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for United Kingdom for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic . Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel .

Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.

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COVID-19 Guidance & Advice for Holidays in Scotland

Let us make visiting Scotland simple with our Covid-19 information and advice.

Last updated: 23 January 2023

Bloodyfoot near Kinglassie

© Fife Council / Damian Shields

Covid-19 Travel Restrictions in Scotland

The landscape of Assynt looking towards the peak of Stac Pollaidh

© Unsplash

Visiting Scotland

There are no Covid-19 travel conditions to visiting Scotland, regardless of what country you live in or your vaccination status.

When in Scotland

• You no longer have to wear a mask in public places or on public transport.
• If you  develop Covid-19 symptoms , you should stay in your accommodation.

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Covid-19 Travel Alerts

Consumer advice covid-19 travel alerts.

Free, practical consumer advice and information on the coronavirus pandemic for the citizens of Scotland

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has directed against all but essential travel to foreign countries, cities and areas. This includes two key travel recommended notices: 1. If you are overseas, return to the UK as shortly as as you possibly can if commercial flights are still accessible 2. If you are currently in the UK, don’t travel abroad unless it is absolutely essential Many airlines are now announcing cancellations of flights and the grounding of aircraft after the announcement that many countries are implementing ‘lockdown’ of borders and the restriction of travel to slow the spread of the virus.

The Government has proclaimed a partnership with airlines to plan special chartered planes. These will bring back citizens that are currently stuck abroad. Additional information will be released by the government’s travel advice, all British embassies as well as all British high commissions. A devoted travel supervision firm will be employed for stuck citizens to book and pay for the flight home.

Further information on travelling abroad and current government recommendations are available at www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice Customers who are yet to fly to their region – Owed a refund or, in some cases, the option to rebook for another date.

Flight and Holiday Cancellations

Flights being part of a holiday package

Complete expense of the holiday will be refunded. This is happening automatically for some customers, but patrons can get in touch with the company that they made reservations through for further clarification.

Hotel and Flights reserved individually

Consumers are suggested to call their hotels, asking for a repayment/adjustment in dates. Several airlines are letting travellers to rebook flights for free.

In situations where the hotel and location are functioning, and the booking is non-refundable, then travellers may lose out.

Travel Insurance policies

Customers are advised to check the particulars of travel insurance policies that they have taken out. These may payout financial reimbursement in circumstances where other measures do not.

If customers have planned travel to infected areas after a warning was published in the zone, then there is a chance that any insurance policy may be invalidated by this. Customers are advised to check the details of their insurance policies and if at all unsure, contact their insurance company directly for more information.

New travel insurance policies

In light of present happenings, various insurance companies have terminated selling new travel insurance policies and, in certain circumstances, have altered cover as a result of the coronavirus epidemic. The Association of British Insurers has declared that travel insurance is a product meant to be used in unprecedented conditions, and due to the present condition, problems occuring as a result of coronavirus are no longer deemed ‘unforeseen’.

Already in a foreign country and no means of getting back to the UK – Airlines have a duty of worry to those travellers abroad if they have stopped a return flight. The airline must also pay for any additional charges for accommodation and any food vital. For those customers who have accepted a refund, then the duty of concern ends here. It is then the responsibility of the passenger to arrange travel back to the UK.

In conditions where neither of the above is conceivable, or where patrons feel stranded, they are instructed to contact the embassy in their present location to get additional support. Detailed embassy locations can be found by visiting www.gov.uk/world/embassies and searching based on your destination.

Consumers opting to cancel their travel plans

If there has been no warning published in relation to a country that the traveller selects to travel to, and the consumer selects to call off their plans, then there is no guaranteed right to repayment.

Customers are urged to verify policy and booking approval particulars and to contact their insurance/travel provider if clarification is wanted or a repayment due. If you feel that your customer rights have been violated, you can contact consumeradvice.scot for more information and advice.

Events and Entertainment

Cancelled events

If the tickets to an event such as a concert or sports event have been cancelled, and these have been booked through an authorised booking site, then you must usually receive a repayment.

The Society of Ticket Agents and Retailers (STAR) is the industry’s self-regulatory association and as such, compel firms listed with them to refund the ticket’s face value price when an event is cancelled. This does not include the fee paid for delivery.

It is suggested that for any other ticket seller, the particular company terms and conditions are consulted. For resale sites and other events, the company who originally sold the tickets should be contacted in the first instance to ask for refunds. There may also be the option to rebook at a later date if the event is being rescheduled.

Rescheduled events

Original tickets should be retained until a rescheduled or altered date is revealed. If there is an issue with the date that the event or concert has been pushed to is unsuitable, then a repayment can be requested through the original booking company.

As with cancelled events, this may not include the costs incurred for booking fees or delivery.

Certain events may differ, depending on the terms and conditions of the organiser.

Patrons wishing not to attend – If patrons decide not to concerts or sporting events, but the event is still going ahead, there is small likelihood of getting money back.

Cinema cessations

Quiet a few of the greater film franchises have announced that they will be shutting all their screens in the UK until further notice. For patrons who have already gotten tickets, repayments or the possibility to reschedule this to a later date (if possible) are available.

A few of the greater groups with loyalty cards and monthly membership are instructing that monthly charges will resume, with a view to giving the ‘time back’ once service restarts as usual. Others are instructing that they will be stopping payments for memberships. Consumers are advised to watch on the websites and social media apprises from the cinema that they have booked through.

Obtaining back hotel and travel charges

If an event is cancelled due to the coronavirus outbreak and there have been costs incurred for hotels and travel, then the businesses for each of these should be contacted for more information on refunds.

Individual terms and conditions may alter, but options may be advanced to delay or rebook on an alternative date due to present conditions.

As a side note, if the hotel or travel provider is incompetent to offer the facility due to the coronavirus epidemic, then a repayment should be paid. Reservations for marriages and special functions

Marriages and special functions could probably be affected by the coronavirus outbreak. If the company or venue catering the service or organising cancels, then a repayment should be prepared for everything that has been cancelled. For those with wedding protection, terms and conditions should be checked for anything that can be claimed back. If it is the customer, or individual who has booked the event that is deciding to cancel or postpone the event, then some fees may apply. Negotiation and discussion with the organiser around delaying the event is essential.

For whatever that has previously been paid in terms of deposits that cannot be repaid, the organiser should outline in detail the cause why a reimbursement is not possible, including any costs they have incurred that are being passed on to the customer.

Consumer rights and useful legislation

Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act protects buyers for orders made on credit cards in excess of £100. This makes the credit card company ‘joint and severally’ accountable when a product or service that has been paid for cannot be entertained.

For purchases under £100 made on a credit card, or those made on a debit card, consumers can get in touch with their bank and try and make a claim through the ‘chargeback scheme’. This cannot be imposed by law, and the provision of this scheme is at the discretion of the bank or building society.

Consumer rights are unchanged throughout the coronavirus crisis. A few delivery companies have announced delays on uneeded products in favour of transporting medical supplies and vital goods. For more details on orders placed or delays experienced, the business delivering the goods must be the initial contact point.

We have detailed the main consumer rights legislation that is relevant in various circumstances below.

Nonetheless, a complete guide to consumer rights, covering different areas, is available by browsing consumeradvice.scot knowledge centre: https://www.consumeradvice.scot/knowledge-centre/

Consumer Rights Act 2015 – Faulty Goods – Repair or Replace

While buying goods from a dealer, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 states they should be:

• Of nice quality (free from any faults / damage and durable)
• As the dealermentioned
• Just like any sample shown
• The same as any model shown  Perfect for the purpose explained to the seller

If requesting for repair/replacement in the first thirty days, then the consumer enters the wait period with the remainder of the thirty days (minimum of 7 days) resuming after repair or replacement.

Customers who believe that  anything mentioned above do not apply to their items and have gone beyond the first thirty days after  ordering, may be entitled to replacement or repair which is –

• Free of charge
• Repair should be lasting
• Replacement should be same
• Within reasonable timescale
• Without resulting in significant problem

If a repair or replacement is not possible then they might instead be allowed to:

• Keep the products for a lesser price
• Return back the merchandise for a repayment (total repayment within six months or perhaps partial refund after or if a vehicle)

Private Sales – Sale of Goods Act 1979

Whenever something is bought from a private seller, the consumer is insured by the Sale of Goods Act 1979 which states the merchandise must go with the explanation provided by the seller. This comprises:

• Any description in an ad
• Any description given in an email or text

If the customer thinks that the products don’t go with the seller’s description, then they can be entitled to;

• A complete reimbursement if the items haven’t been accepted (not used and issue seen immediately)
• Loss – a monetary amount to apy for repairs or the difference between what amount was paid and what the products are truly worth

The trouble of proof is on the client to prove that the items do not match the sellers description, that can be hard if the description was delivered orally.

Rail companies and travel providers have different policies about re-payments of tickets affected by the coronavirus outbreak.

Scotrail are providing refunds on many train ticket types. Their process has altered a little because of the circumstances, and an administration fee may apply, depending on the ticket type.

A valuable guide to refunds that are provided from Scotrail can be found here: https://www.scotrail.co.uk/plan-your-journey/refunds Those people who have booked travel that is not necessary or have planned travel to a annulled event should call the travel provider for more info on their individual conditions, as well as refund guidelines.

Though the Government has advised that every person in a foreign land should return to the United Kingdom, several are still stranded without any way to get back home.

The Government has taken steps such as especially chartered flights to enable bring citizens home, however this might take some time. For the timebeing, they have made numerous suggestions regarding what those people who are stranded abroad must do.

If someone suffers or feels they are infected by coronavirus

The Government authorities of both the area and nation in which the client is staying will provide suggestion and assistance on what to do if someone has, or believes that they are infected by, coronavirus. Additionally, the resident should seek medical help and self-quarantine.

The NHS have put together a guide on symptoms that are generally shown when a person has coronavirus. This is listed at:

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/symptoms-and-what-to-do/

The embassy or consulate in the area where the UK citizen finds themselves can be used to contact the local authorities. For more info on embassies, or to locate the closest one in your area, please contact 0207 008 1500, or otherwise click:

https://www.gov.uk/world/embassies#

If a visa is expiring quickly

If a visa is coming to an end, the actions mandatory will depend upon the area that the UK citizen finds themselves. If in doubt, check out the travel advice for that nation from the UK foreign and commonwealth office. This guide can be found by visiting:

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice

Additionally, the local embassy or consulate can be used to get in touch with the local authorities. For more info on embassies, or to find the closest one in your area, please contact 0207 008 1500, or otherwise visit:

https://www.gov.uk/world/embassies

If a inexpensive flight home cannot be booked

The travel company should be contacted at teh first place for more info on transport home. They might delay or reimburse payment for the trip to home town.

Those people with travel insurance should get in touch with their service provider because the insurance cover will be extended by 2 months if those travelling are making every effort to go back home. Those who cannot afford travel could also check if their credit card insurance is applicable.

UK citizens who find themselves trapped should also keep themselves informed on the announcements from local travel companies.

It is important to get in touch with family and friends to ensure they are aware that everyone in the party is safe and secure. If possible, they may be able to transfer money to people stuck to pay for coming back home.

Employment & perks / monetary aid

There is also the option for those stuck to get in touch with their boss and request for an advance of their payment to pay for travel home. The UK government can also provide financial assistance in certain circumstances. More info can be read on www.gov.uk

If money runs out, or those stranded do not have somewhere to stay, or access to food / water / medical supplies

The UK Government has committed to guaranteeing that British citizens abroad have access to housing, medical supplies, water and food.

If cash is over whilst stranded abroad, The UK Government can as well provide financial assistance in some circumstances. More details can be read on www.gov.uk.

If the stranded passenger needs to care for a family member back in the UK

If the citizen is trapped abroad, they must ensure that anyone they are a carer for is looked after. If someone else is taking care of this person, they could be requested to carry on to do this until they return back to the UK.

They may ask family or friends to look after this person until they return.

If no option is available, the home local authority must be contacted for further advice and support.

If the stranded passenger has pressure about their employment or self-employment

If they are employed, they must contact their boss wherever possible to keep them updated about their condition.

If they are employed, they can still be furloughed under the job retention scheme. If they are self-employed, they can request for for the self-employment income support scheme.

Perks or state pension while stuck abroad

The trapped passenger will still receive Universal Credit, Housing Benefit and Pension Credit if they are abroad for around a month.

In the case of Personal Independence Payment (PIP), Disability Living Allowance (DLA) and Carer’s Allowance, each one is payable for 13 weeks whilst abroad.

The State Pension will be paid irrespective of how long the citizen has been abroad.

Any questions or concerns about benefit payments whilst abroad can be answered by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), who can be got in touch with by calling or visiting:

https://www.gov.uk/claim-benefits-abroad

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

United Kingdom travel advice

Latest updates: The Need help? section was updated.

Last updated: April 10, 2024 08:40 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, united kingdom - exercise a high degree of caution.

Exercise a high degree of caution in the United Kingdom due to the threat of terrorism.

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There is a threat of terrorism in Europe. Terrorists have carried out attacks in several European cities.

In the United Kingdom, previous incidents have resulted in casualties. They include random violent incidents in public areas, such as knife and vehicle attacks as well as explosions.

These incidents have occurred mainly in the London area but have also happened elsewhere.

Further attacks in the United Kingdom are likely. Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. Be particularly vigilant if attending:

• sporting events
• religious holidays
• public celebrations
• major political events, such as elections

Terrorists have used such occasions to mount attacks.

The Government of the United Kingdom maintains a public alert system on terrorism and communicates threat level changes online and through local media.

National threat level - British Home Office

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and purse snatching, is common. Cellphone theft is rampant in certain tourist areas of London. Vehicle theft and theft from parked vehicles also occurs, particularly in tourist areas and roadside stops.

Thieves work alone or in groups and may use various techniques to distract you and steal your belongings.

They are especially active in crowded areas, such as:

• tourist attractions and areas, including Piccadilly Circus, Trafalgar Square and Leicester Square
• airports and public transportation
• restaurants, pubs and bars
• patios and outdoor cafés
• hotel lobbies
• underground pedestrian walkways
• roadside stops

Violent crime

Violent crime, such as mugging, knife crime and sexual assault occurs, particularly in larger cities. There have been incidents of passengers being sexually assaulted and robbed when using unlicensed taxis.

If you have been the victim of a crime on the transportation system, including in a taxi, consult Transport for London to learn how to report it.

Report a crime or incident on the transportation system - Transport for London

During your trip:

• ensure that your belongings, including your passport, are secure at all times
• don’t keep your passport and other types of ID at the same place and carry a photocopy rather than the original
• avoid showing signs of affluence
• avoid carrying large sums of cash or unnecessary valuables
• pay attention to your surroundings, particularly in crowded and tourist areas
• be wary of unsolicited offers or advice from strangers
• be vigilant in urban areas, particularly after dark
• never leave personal belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk
• use secure parking facilities, especially overnight

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

Credit card and ATM fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs. Fraud can range from simple to sophisticated, and sometimes involve hidden electronic devices that obtain account information and personal identification numbers.

When using debit or credit cards:

• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Cybercrime occurs. Perpetrators may compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal credit card or personal information.

• Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks
• Avoid making purchases on unsecured websites
• Use judgment when posting information on social media
• Be especially careful if you are meeting people you have met online
• Never click a suspicious link in an email or text message asking for your credit card details

Useful links

• More about overseas fraud
• Cybercrime - National Crime Agency

Demonstrations and strikes

Demonstrations take place regularly. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Strikes and pressure tactics occur from time to time, in key sectors such as transport. These strikes can sometimes complicate travel and disrupt public services.

• Consult local media to be aware of strikes that may affect your stay or travel plans
• In the event of a transport strike, plan extra time to get to your destination

Northern Ireland

In Northern Ireland, Protestant parades through predominantly Catholic neighbourhoods may occur from April to August, during the Orange Order summer marching season, particularly during the weeks leading up to July 12.

During the summer marching season:

• expect possible delays and disruptions in some areas
• exercise caution
• follow the advice of local authorities

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Adventure tourism

Outdoor activities, such as hiking and biking, may lead to safety concerns if they are not well-organized. Weather conditions can change rapidly, even in summer.

If you intend to go walking, biking or hiking in remote areas:

• never do so alone and do not part with your hiking companions
• obtain detailed information on your activity and on the environment in which you will be doing it before setting out
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• avoid venturing off marked trails
• ensure that you’re adequately equipped
• stay informed about weather and other conditions that may pose a hazard
• inform a family member or friend of your itinerary
• Weather conditions - Met Office

Avalanche Forecasts - Scottish Avalanche Information Service

Road safety

Roads are excellent but are often narrow and congested, especially in urban areas. Use caution when entering a traffic circle (roundabout). Rural roads may become hazardous during severe weather conditions.

Pedestrians should use caution when crossing streets and be mindful that traffic is coming from the opposite direction than what they may be used to.

Public transportation

Public transportation is excellent and extensive. Trains and buses services connect most cities and areas of the country.

Taxis are generally safe. Only use officially licensed marked taxis.

• Getting around Britain - Visit Britain
• Train schedules and service alerts - National Rail

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the British authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least the expected duration of your stay in the United Kingdom. This requirement may also apply when travelling to Northern Ireland from other parts of the United Kingdom, and vice versa.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays of up to 6 months Business visa or work permit: required Student visa: required

You may need a work permit or visa even if you plan to do:

• unpaid work
• volunteer work
• part-time work
• temporary work

A marriage visitor visa is also required if you plan to get married or register a civil partnership in the United Kingdom.

You should obtain your visa from the UK Visas and Immigration or the closest British High Commission in Canada before your departure.

The High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom, in London, cannot assist you in your visa application process. Consult the UK Visas and Immigration authorities or the British High Commission in Canada to:

• make sure you apply for the proper visa you need according to the purpose of your visit (marriage, employment, study)
• find out which documents you need to obtain your visa
• obtain any status updates
• check if you will be required to pay a health-care surcharge
• Check if you need a UK visa  - UK Government
• UK Visas and Immigration  - UK Government
• Pay for UK healthcare as part of your immigration application  - UK Government

Other entry requirements

UK Border officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof that you have sufficient funds to support yourself for the duration of your stay.

If you are unable to do so, or if you seek entry as a visitor but are found with items indicating that you intend to seek any type of employment (such as curriculum vitae or educational certificates), you may be denied entry and expelled from the country.

Similarly, if you seek entry as a visitor and are suspected of planning to reside in the UK for any reason, including having a UK-based partner, you may be denied entry.

If you have previously been refused entry, contact the British High Commission in Ottawa to enquire about entry clearance before making plans to visit the UK, even if a visa is normally not required.

Transiting through a United Kingdom airport

If you plan to transit through a United Kingdom airport, make sure you comply with the entry requirements of your final destination. If you don’t meet the entry requirements of your final destination, you may be denied boarding.

Unplanned layovers could lead to substantial travel costs and delays. You should not depend on the Government of Canada for assistance related to changes to your travel plans.

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is not required to enter this country.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.

* It is important to note that country entry requirements may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest diplomatic or consular office of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

In this destination, rabies  may be present in some wildlife species, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. 

If you are bitten or scratched by an animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. 

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who will be working directly with wildlife. 

Polio (poliomyelitis) is an infectious disease that can be prevented by vaccination. It is caused by poliovirus type 1, 2 or 3. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2) is present in this country. Polio is spread from person to person and through contaminated food and water. Infection with the polio virus can cause paralysis and death in individuals of any age who are not immune.

Recommendations:

• Be sure that your polio vaccinations are up to date before travelling. Polio is part of the routine vaccine schedule for children in Canada.
• One booster dose of the polio vaccine is recommended as an adult .

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.

Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk  during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.

Protect yourself from tick bites . The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Human cases of avian influenza have been reported in this destination. Avian influenza   is a viral infection that can spread quickly and easily among birds and in rare cases it can infect mammals, including people. The risk is low for most travellers.

Avoid contact with birds, including wild, farm, and backyard birds (alive or dead) and surfaces that may have bird droppings on them. Ensure all poultry dishes, including eggs and wild game, are properly cooked.

Travellers with a higher risk of exposure include those: 

• visiting live bird/animal markets or poultry farms
• working with poultry (such as chickens, turkeys, domestic ducks)
• hunting, de-feathering, field dressing and butchering wild birds and wild mammals
• working with wild birds for activities such as research, conservation, or rehabilitation
• working with wild mammals, especially those that eat wild birds (e.g., foxes)

All eligible people are encouraged to get the seasonal influenza shot, which will protect them against human influenza viruses. While the seasonal influenza shot does not prevent infection with avian influenza, it can reduce the chance of getting sick with human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is excellent. Service is available throughout the country.

You must pay for medical services provided by the National Health Service (NHS) unless:

• you are an ordinarily resident of the United Kingdom
• you are accessing emergency services exempted from fees.

You may be required to pay the medical fees in advance.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

• Accessing NHS services as a visitor - National Health Service (NHS)
• Travel health and safety

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Transfer to a Canadian prison

Canada and the United Kingdom are signatories to the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons. This enables a Canadian imprisoned in the United Kingdom to request a transfer to a Canadian prison to complete a sentence. The transfer requires the agreement of both Canadian and the United Kingdom authorities.

This process can take a long time, and there is no guarantee that the transfer will be approved by either or both sides.

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect prison sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Laws on knives

It is illegal to carry, purchase, sell or enter the country with certain types of knives. Convicted offenders can expect heavy fines and jail sentences.

Selling, buying and carrying knives - UK Government

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in the United Kingdom.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of the United Kingdom, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements .

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. The convention applies between Canada and the United Kingdom.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in the United Kingdom, and if the applicable conditions are met, you may apply for the return of your child to the British court.

If you are in this situation:

• act as quickly as you can
• contact the Central Authority for your province or territory of residence for information on starting an application under The Hague Convention
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in the United Kingdom to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• List of Canadian Central Authorities for the Hague Convention
• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• The Hague Convention - Hague Conference on Private International Law
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Traffic drives on the left.

International driving permit

You can drive with a valid Canadian licence for up to 12 months from your date of entry. Certain car rental companies may require an international driving permit. You should carry an international driving permit.

Congestion Charge

If you drive into central London between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m., you will be required to pay a daily congestion charge. The Congestion Charge zone is indicated by a large “C” painted on the roads and by signs.

You can pay the fee by phone, online or at selected shops and gas stations. Parking in London is limited and charges are high.

• More about the International Driving Permit
• Congestion Charge  - Transport of London

The currency of the United Kingdom is the pound sterling (GBP).

If you are carrying £10,000 or more, or the equivalent in other currencies, you must make a declaration to customs when you enter or leave the United Kingdom.

It includes sums in:

• banknotes and coins
• bearer bonds
• travellers’ cheques
• cheques that are signed but not made out to a person or organization
• money orders (Northern Ireland only)
• gold coins, bullion or nuggets (Northern Ireland only)
• prepaid cards (Northern Ireland only)

Take cash in and out of the UK - Government of the United Kingdom

Severe weather

England, Scotland and Wales are subject to wind storms that can cause death and injury and severely damage commercial, residential and natural areas.

Fog, and snow can also have widespread impacts, including transportation disruptions.

• Keep informed of regional weather forecasts
• Stay away from disaster areas
• Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders
• Storm forecast - Met Office

Flooding and landslides

Heavy rains can cause severe flooding, mudslides and landslides, particularly in certain coastal and riverside areas. Roads may become impassable and infrastructure damaged.

• Exercise caution, particularly in coastal areas and around major rivers
• Stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• Follow the advice of local authorities, including evacuation orders
• Flooding risks in England - UK Government
• Flood forecasting - Scottish Environment Protection Agency

Forest fires may occur, particularly during summer months.

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.

In case of a major fire:

• stay away from affected areas, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation
• England and Wales Fire Severity Index - Met Office
• Wildfires - Scottish Fire and Rescue Service

There is a risk of avalanches in mountainous regions, especially following heavy snowfalls. Some may be fatal.

Monitor the avalanche forecasts if you plan on practicing mountain activities.

Local services

Dial 999 for emergency assistance.

Consular assistance

The Falkland Islands and Gibraltar

For emergency consular assistance, call the High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom, in London, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.

10 things only Scottish locals know – and you should too before traveling there

May 22, 2023 • 6 min read

Pack for weather of all kinds for your trip to Scotland © Rawpixel.com / Shutterstock

Jam-packed with hidden glens, haunted castles and cryptic lochs, overrun with mind-boggling festivals and melodious bagpipe players, and soaked in peated whisky , gin and rain, Scotland can be as baffling as it is brilliant.

This country specializes in astonishing travelers at the same time as confounding them, delivering a double punch of euphoria and disbelief. Not that you’d know it from the chipper locals who take everything in their stride.

For all the undreamed-of scenarios that you can encounter while here – summer hiking in shorts with an umbrella, for instance, or being terrorized by an invisible nuisance, the blood-sucking midge – the truth is that Scotland is an easy country to crack if you know the answer to some crucial questions and practicalities.

What’s the smartest way to travel around when venturing outside of Edinburgh ? How long do you need to make a trip to Scotland's islands worthwhile? Is it really OK to eat a deep-fried Mars Bar in Glasgow ? (Spoiler: yes, but no one ever really does.)

Here are a few key things and etiquette tips to know before traveling to Scotland.

Pack for all seasons, even in summer...

A joke often told is that Scotland had a great summer last year – it was on a Wednesday. It’s a tongue-in-cheek punchline, of course, but there’s a kernel of truth at its core: the country’s weather is a carousel of ever-variegated four-season shifts, with summer days often wet, wild and glorious all in the same place at nearly the same time.

For the most dependably bright and dry weather, visit in May, early June or September. If gray is your favorite color, any time of year will suit you fine.

...and check the weather if you’re going to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival

Look away now if you don’t want the grim news. Despite the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, the world’s largest arts gathering, taking place in so-called peak summer in August, the event is often a washout. Waterproof shoes and an umbrella that you don’t mind getting blown inside out are as essential as a healthy appetite for comedy, theater, circus and raucous beer gardens.

Scottish pound sterling banknotes are valid everywhere in the UK

It sounds absurd, but the variety of banknotes in the UK can be bewildering. All pound sterling bills, whether printed in Scotland, England or Northern Ireland, are legal tender and valid across the country. You can spend English bills in Scotland, but many retailers won’t accept Scottish bills south of the border. Some foreign exchange services even provide worse rates for Scottish-printed bills.

Be wary when talking politics

Scotland is a divided country, politically speaking at least. On one hand, the independence movement is growing, but some Scots resolutely want to remain part of the United Kingdom. For a simple crash course, know that Scotland is a de facto separate country already with its own parliament – it exists in a political and monetary union with England, Wales and Northern Ireland – and that way you won’t raise the ire when chatting with locals in the pub.

The next decade could see unprecedented change in Scotland. A second independence referendum is often touted, after the 2014 referendum before Brexit failed to get over the line, but Westminster has resisted the call. Even a bare-bones understanding of the country’s sociopolitical history will deepen the pleasure of traveling to Scotland and remind you that you’re not just visiting a place, but a moment in time.

Driving outside the cities can be an art form

On first impression, Scotland is a pipsqueak in terms of European geography. It's easy to digest on the map and then drive around in a matter of days, right? Wrong.

Perhaps the most consequential effect of its jigsaw-puzzle shape, with crooked sea lochs, knobby islands and corkscrewing glens, is that getting from A to B outside the main cities always takes longer than the GPS and Google Maps suggest.

Roads are often single lane, requiring pulling to the side of the road to let oncoming vehicles pass (a friendly wave is part of the roadside theater). Slow-moving vehicles like tractors, campers and motorhomes can grind traffic to a halt, particularly on the now infamous North Coast 500 . Wayward sheep and red deer might also take over the road.

Patience is key, and a car or camper will get you to where you want to go faster – and more efficiently – than using Scotland's skeletal train and bus network . Or take your bike, inflatable kayak or canoe on a Scotrail service, now amped-up with more bike carriages and space for bulky sports gear, to see all the parts in between. 

Plan for more time, not less

The biggest regret of first-time visitors to Scotland? Trying to cram too much into a single trip. If you’re spending time in Edinburgh and Glasgow and then the Highlands or Stirling and Perthshire , you’ll need at least a week. Add the Isle of Skye or the Outer Hebrides to your itinerary, and you’ll need two weeks – and you’ll still be struggling to catch your breath.

To do Scotland and its idiosyncratic islands justice, you really need three to four weeks. Travel more sustainably and focus on one chunk in particular, like the Borders and Dumfries and Galloway or Aberdeenshire and Moray . Do this, and you’ll be encouraged to stop more regularly and invest more back into the rural towns and villages you might otherwise whizz through. 

Wear a kilt if you want

The stereotypical link between the historical birthright to wear a kilt and the act of doing so is gibberish. Everyone looks better in a pleated, knee-length skirt and furry sporran, regardless of gender, nationality or patriotism to Scotland. If you need a new addition to your wardrobe, there’s nowhere better than Scotland to get measured up in tartan.

Don’t be afraid to join in

Going to the pub is a national pastime in Scotland, verging on a human right. The Scots are among the world’s friendliest, most approachable people. They love to binge on alcohol too – cue a whole dictionary of words for drinking, like blootered, bladdered, hammered, steamin’, smashed and wrecked – and see no harm in inviting a complete stranger to share a drink or dram, particularly around Hogmanay (New Year).

Expect to be invited to parties and pubs more so than you would be in many other places around the world. Like anywhere else, though, take care and be aware of your surroundings.

Is it safe to drink the tap water? 

Yes. The one thing Scotland isn’t short of is water. Cut down on single-use plastic with a refillable bottle, and take advantage of the free network of rivers and lochs when embracing the great outdoors.

Can travelers get free health care in Scotland?

NHS Scotland, the country’s devolved National Health Service system, is a cornerstone of life, and visitors from most European countries are covered for certain emergency treatments should they have an accident while on vacation. The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) is the key for this, while travelers from elsewhere should check on reciprocal healthcare agreements between their home country and the UK.

This article was first published September 2022 and updated May 2023

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Foreign travel health rules updated

More destinations re-designated for quarantine.

Travellers arriving in Scotland from Israel and Jerusalem must now quarantine on arrival for 10 days.

A significant increase in cases of coronavirus (COVID-19) in these countries as well as a rise in the numbers of cases testing positive, and the associated risk of importation into Scotland has led to the decisions to remove exemption status.

The current additional restrictions in relation to South Africa are to remain in place and will be reviewed should new information become available on progress by the South African authorities to contain the outbreak.  

Botswana, Mauritius and Seychelles are also being removed from the list of destinations exempt from quarantine on arrival in Scotland in light of the spread of the South African variant. Travel from those countries, as well as Angola, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe will become subject to the additional measures in place for South Africa, including a travel ban for arrivals other than British nationals and those with a right to reside in the UK, enforced by the UK Government using reserved immigration powers. 

All of these changes take effect from 0400 on Saturday 9 January.

Cabinet Secretary for Transport, Infrastructure and Connectivity Michael Matheson said:

“It is our priority to disrupt the spread of this virus which remains a significant challenge in Scotland and across the world. A critical line of defence in managing the risk of imported cases from countries with high risks of transmission is imposing quarantine restrictions.

"The decisions to remove countries from our travel exemption list have been taken on clinical advice to help further safeguard public health and keep our communities safe.”

Scotland’s Chief Medical Officer Dr Gregor Smith said:

“My clinical view, is that the risk associated with the South African variant remains severe, and that these measures should remain in place.  It is also imperative that anybody who has recently travelled from any of the countries in the region, and their household, should self-isolate for 10 days and follow the guidance laid out by the Scottish Government. If needed, they should contact NHS 24.”

Public health rules for international travel are an important part of Scotland’s wider response to the pandemic to limit the introduction of new chains of transmission.

All international travellers arriving into Scotland, apart from a very limited number of individual exemptions, must complete a passenger locator form and provide evidence that they have done so on arrival in the UK if requested to do so by a Border Force official. This includes people arriving from countries where quarantine is subsequently not required.

Failure to do so can also result in a fine since this, along with any failure to self-isolate where required, poses a significant risk to wider public health across Scotland.

Individuals who do not complete the form and present it when asked on arrival may be fined £60. The fine can be doubled for each subsequent offence up to a maximum of £480.

Failure to comply with the requirement to quarantine may result in a fine of more than £480.

Those travelling abroad should check in advance for any local requirements to quarantine on arrival at their destination. Further information about the foreign travel public health rules, including quarantine requirements, can be read on the  Scottish Government website . This includes the existing list of  overseas destinations  where those arriving in Scotland are exempt from self-isolation.

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19 Essential Scotland Travel Tips to Read Before Your First Visit

If you are a frequent traveler and an English speaker, visiting Scotland is pretty easy (although driving in Scotland can still be a little hair-raising.) However, if you are a bit nervous about your trip and want to make sure you have all your ducks in a row, be sure to read these Scotland travel tips before you go!

I have visited Scotland twice, once on a solo trip to Edinburgh and another as a Scotland road trip with friends (thank you Keryn for being an awesome driver!) and I’ve learned and experienced so much that I want to share with anyone planning their first trip to Scotland. 

My Top Scotland Travel Tips

Note: This post contains affiliate links. If you click a link and make a purchase, I may receive a small commission at no cost to you.

Language 

English is the official language in the United Kingdom and the dominant language in Scotland. There are still those that speak Scots in the Lowlands or Scottish Gaelic in the Highlands, but getting around Scotland is no problem for English speakers — although you may need to listen closely to understand those with a heavy Scottish accent.

As part of the United Kingdom, Scotland uses the British Pound (£). Scotland actually has its own pound notes but you can use English bills as well.

Almost all restaurants, shops, and parking machines take chip-enabled credit cards and/or digital payments such as Apple Pay. However, you will need coins for some parking machines and coins or small bills for tips or small purchases. I’d recommend either requesting small bills from your local bank before you leave or visiting an ATM when you arrive.

If you are wondering how much money you need, be sure to read my post on how much a Scotland trip costs .

Tipping is not the same as in the U.S.. In many instances, service is included at restaurants. If you are paying by card and want to leave a tip, you need to let the server know to add it before you tap your card. For sit-down restaurants, a 10-15 percent gratuity is appropriate but not necessary. At casual cafes, you can leave a few coins or round up your bill.

Scotland uses 230 voltage and you will need a three-pronged adapter with a G-type plug, which is different from most of Europe. If your appliance or device has a dual voltage power supply (which you can usually check by looking on the label or manual), you only need a plug adapter. Dual voltage devices can automatically switch between 120V and 230V.

However, if your device does not have a dual voltage power supply, you will need a voltage converter. It’s important to choose a voltage converter that is powerful enough for your device. The wattage of your device will be listed on the label.

Car Rentals

If you plan on renting a car, be sure to book months or weeks in advance for better pricing and availability, especially if you want a car with an automatic transmission. Try to book the smallest car that will fit your luggage and one that has a back up camera. I’d also suggest getting full insurance. I typically use Auto Europe to compare rates from different vendors. International driving permits are NOT required in Scotland. You can drive on your domestic license for up to one year.

Driving in Scotland

In the United Kingdom, including Scotland, cars drive on the left-hand side of the road. If you are not familiar with driving on the left, it takes close concentration and focus, especially when navigating the country’s many rotaries. Remember to “stay left, look right.” Traffic already on the roundabout has priority, so give way to vehicles approaching from your right. Enter when there’s a safe gap, and indicate your intended exit as you approach it.

Outside of the highways, many interior roads in the Highlands or islands are single lane roads. When you encounter a car coming the other way, one of you needs to pull into the closest pull out designed for passing. This may require backing up to the closest pull out. 

Remember to keep an eye out for wildlife, especially sheep, that tend to wander into the roads in the backcountry.

Be sure to follow all the local laws, including speed limits to avoid fines. Scotland has strict drink-driving laws with a lower alcohol limit than many other countries so don’t risk it.

You will need to pay for parking at most car parks for attractions and towns, including trailheads for popular hikes or natural attractions. I’d recommend taking a photo of your license plate as often you will need to enter this into the parking meter machine when paying for parking. In other instances, you will need to “pay and display”, which means pay for your parking in advance based on how much time you think you will need and then place the receipt in your windshield window.

Most parking meters take credit cards but there are some that will only accept coins so it makes sense to carry coins with you or keep some in the car. Just don’t try to use one receipt from one parking area at another, even if you are still within the original time window. Each receipt is marked with a lot number and they will check (trust me, I learned the hard way and parking tickets are expensive!)

When you are in the Highlands or the Islands, petrol stations are few and far between so be sure to fuel up when you can and don’t push it too low.

Public Toilets

You can typically find public toilets at popular tourist attractions (even natural attractions such as the Fairy Pools.) However, some of these are pay toilets. This is another reason to carry some coins, although many of these are also tap and go using digital payments. But just because these are paid, doesn’t mean they are well-supplied or exceptionally clean. So carry some extra tissue and sanitizer just in case.

When in Scotland, you need to be prepared for all sorts of weather no matter when you visit. During the summer months, the average temperatures are a high of 59-63°F (15-17°C) and lows are between 47-52°F (8-11°C).

In the winter, temperatures drop to 41-45°F (5-7°C) with lows of 32-37°F (0-3°C). Keep in mind that Scotland has a wet and cool climate, with a fair amount of wind. The rainiest months are in the winter with an average rainfall around 4 inches per month.

While regional variations exist, coastal areas are generally warmer and less rainy than inland regions and The Highlands experience slightly lower temperatures and higher rainfall than the Lowlands.

As I wrote about in my Scotland packing list , you need to be prepared when traveling to Ireland. Wind and water proof clothing including a rain coat, rain pants, and waterproof shoes. It is very important to dress in layers. Don’t forget the basics including a hat, gloves, sunglasses, and an umbrella. 

Hotel Reservations

Outside of the cities, the accommodations in towns and smaller cities such as Inverness, accommodations can be limited. It is important to book hotel rooms or vacation rentals at least a few months in advance. This is especially true in popular spots like the Isle of Skye. (See my Scotland road trip itinerary to get recommendations on where to stay.)

Restaurant Reservations 

In popular destinations such as Inverness, Isle of Skye, or Glencoe, it is also important to make dinner reservations and keep an eye on the hours and days places are open as many restaurants close by 8:00 p.m. in smaller towns. 

While in Scotland, be sure to try some Scottish specialties such as:

Haggis, Neeps and Tatties: The iconic national dish of Scotland, haggis is a savory sausage traditionally made from sheep’s heart, liver, lungs, and oatmeal, encased in the sheep’s stomach lining. Served with mashed turnips (“neeps”) and potatoes (“tatties”), it’s a hearty and flavorful way to experience Scottish culinary heritage. It took me a while to try this specialty but I ended up liking it because it tastes much more of the spices used in creating it than the meat itself.

Cullen Skink: Originating from Cullen on the Moray Firth, this a warn, creamy soup made with smoked haddock, potatoes, onions, and milk, and typically served with crusty bread for dipping. This is a must-try in coastal areas, especially around Moray and Aberdeenshire, but I had a delicious version in Glasgow.

Scotch Pies: Savory pastries filled with minced meat and onions, Scotch pies are a popular handheld snack or lunch option. The filling can vary from classic minced beef to adventurous varieties like venison or chicken balmoral.

Shortbread: A crumbly, melt-in-your-mouth biscuit made with butter, sugar, and flour, shortbread is a Scottish sweet treat synonymous with tea time. Enjoy plain shortbread for its pure deliciousness, or find versions infused with flavors like chocolate, ginger, or even whisky. I’m a big fan of the millionaires shortbread, which is layered with caramel and chocolate.

Sticky Toffee Pudding: Sticky toffee pudding is a gooey dessert consisting of a light and moist sponge cake, often infused with dates or ginger, nestled in a rich, sticky toffee sauce. It’s typically served warm with a dollop of vanilla ice cream or whipped cream. While the origins of sticky toffee pudding are disputed, Scotland has a strong claim to fame, thanks to the Udny Arms Hotel in Aberdeenshire. They boast of creating the iconic dessert back in the 1960s.

Fish and Chips: While the dish may not have originated in Scotland, their contribution to its evolution and continued popularity is undeniable. Fish and chips are a staple of Scottish cuisine and culture, just as much as they are in the rest of the UK.

Deep-Fried Mars Bars:  I was really shocked when I asked locals about famous foods and they told me about deep-fried Mars bars that are battered and deep-fried until golden and enjoyed after the pub.

Scotch Whisky: The undisputed king of Scottish drinks, whisky (not called Scotch in Scotland) is steeped in history and tradition. With its distinct smoky flavor and wide variety of regional styles, it’s a must-try for any visitor. Explore peaty Islay drams, floral Highland expressions, or Speyside’s fruity whiskies. Just remember that whiskey spelled with an -ey refers to Irish whiskey.

Irn-Bru: This bright orange carbonated beverage is often called Scotland’s “other national drink.” Its unique flavor is hard to describe but I found it something of a cross between orange soda and bubble gum. Bottom line, it is excessively sweet.

Scottish Gin: Scotland’s gin scene is booming, with distilleries across the country creating unique and flavorful expressions. Expect botanical notes inspired by the Scottish landscape, like juniper, heather, and berries. My friend Keryn came back with at least a dozen little bottles to sample the various flavors!

Ferries 

If you plan on visiting any of the islands by car and want to take a ferry, you will need to book a timed ticket in advance. 

Attractions

Some attractions such as the Royal Tattoo, Edinburgh Castle tickets, or popular tours can sell out in the busy season so you should book your tickets in advance. As I mentioned in my Edinburgh itinerary, I would also suggest going to popular attractions such as the Edinburgh Castle early in the morning when it first opens. 

Best Time to Visit

The most popular time to visit Scotland is during July and August, especially during festivals such as the Fringe Festival, events like the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo, the Highland Games, and Ceilidh at the Castle with live traditional music and dancing in Edinburgh Castle.

In terms of weather, June brings pleasant temperatures and long daylight hours (when I was there in late June/early July the sun didn’t set until nearly 11:00 p.m.. September is still warm enough (it was actually quite warm the year I was there in early September), and you will also find beautiful autumn foliage and fewer crowds than peak summer.

May offers springtime charm with blooming flowers, pleasant weather, and no midges (tiny biting insects!). Not as sunny as summer, but less crowded.

Know Some History 

When you are visiting castles and historic sites such as the Culloden Battlefield , it helps to know some basic Scottish history. I was really surprised to see how front of mind what seems like distant history can still be, such as a friendship with the French that goes back to old alliances with France against the English. 

To brush up on your Scottish history before you visit, here are some books, movies, and shows you may want to enjoy.

Things to Watch:

• Braveheart (1995):  While not historically accurate, it’s a classic epic film depicting the life of William Wallace, a Scottish rebel leader, and gives insight into the Scottish Wars of Independence in the 13th century.
• Outlaw King (2018):  A more grounded portrayal of Robert the Bruce, another key figure in Scotland’s fight for independence from English rule.
• Mary Queen of Scots (2018):  Explores the tumultuous reign and rivalry between Mary, Queen of Scots, and Queen Elizabeth I of England, shedding light on complex political and religious tensions of the 16th century.
• Rob Roy (1995):  A fictionalized but entertaining account of the life of Rob Roy MacGregor, a Scottish clan chief and folk hero in the 18th century.
• Outlander (2014-present):  This popular TV series follows a 20th-century nurse who travels back in time to 1743 Scotland, immersing viewers in the Jacobite rebellion and Highland life.
• Monarch of the Glen (2000-2005):  A charming drama about a family running a deer farm in the Scottish Highlands, showcasing the beauty of the landscape and rural traditions.
• Secrets of the Clans (2008-2010):  Explores the history and traditions of various Scottish clans.
• Wild Scotland (2014):  Stunning natural history documentary capturing the breathtaking landscapes and wildlife of Scotland.

Things to Read:

• Outlander by Diana Gabaldon:  A sprawling series blending romance, time travel, and historical intrigue in 18th-century Scotland during the Jacobite rebellion.
• Wolf of the North by William McIlvanney:  A gritty portrayal of Viking-era Scotland through the eyes of a warrior battling for survival against invaders and internal power struggles.
• The Flame Bearer by Kathleen Winsor:  A sweeping historical saga following the Bruce family and their fight for Scottish independence from England.
• Redcoats by Neil Oliver:  A thrilling account of the Battle of Culloden from the perspective of both Highland fighters and British soldiers.
• Sunset Song by Lewis Grassic Gibbon:  A poignant and tragic novel depicting the harsh realities of rural life in 19th-century Scotland, focusing on a woman’s struggles and resilience.
• The Last Summer by Karen Swan : In 1930, the residents of small St. Kilda are relocated to mainland Scotland.

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Tamara Gruber is the Founder and Publisher of We3Travel. A former marketing executive and travel advisor, Tamara is an award-winning travel writer and recognized expert in family travel. Tamara is a member of SATW and the Adventure Travel Trade Association, and serves on the Board of the Family Travel Association. She is also the publisher of YourTimetoFly.com and the co-host of the Vacation Mavens travel podcast.

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Publish Date: January 18, 2024

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Storm Kathleen: Scotland hit by high winds, heavy rain and travel disruption

Flood and wind warnings remain in place, with Sepa warning of ‘real danger to life’ on coastal roads and paths

High winds and heavy rain from Storm Kathleen persisted through Sunday, battering parts of Scotland and Ireland and disrupting travel.

The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (Sepa) had 18 regional flood alerts and 37 flood warnings in place in Scotland. They have been in force since Saturday.

The Met Office has also issued a yellow wind warning from 9am on Sunday covering parts of the west and northern Highlands, the Isle of Skye and the Hebrides. It will remain in force until 11:59pm.

Winds as high as 73mph were recorded in Drumalbin, South Lanarkshire.

A previous warning stretched from the Scottish Borders to just south of Stirling. It spanned the west coast, throughout much of central Scotland, and ended just short of the east coast.

Janine Hensman, Sepa’s flood duty manager, said: “Across Sunday, we’ll continue to see high tides, storm surges and large waves across coastal areas. This combination is particularly dangerous – especially around high tides. There is real danger to life from wave overtopping, particularly around causeways, coastal roads and paths.

“While the risk is greatest around high tide times, our message is clear: Take extra care if you are near the coast at any point and stay well clear of waves and water. Be careful when travelling around exposed coastal areas and don’t walk or drive through flood water, as there may be hidden hazards.”

She added: “Whilst Storm Kathleen will ease on Sunday evening, another weather system is on the way. Significant flooding from rivers and surface water is possible in southern, central and north-eastern areas on Tuesday, with coastal flooding continuing due to high spring tides.

“Flood alerts and warnings are in place, so stay up to date though our website. We will continue to work with the Met Office to monitor the situation 24/7 and review regional flood alerts and local flood warnings as required.”

The Met Office has warned of potential power cuts, damage to buildings, poor mobile phone coverage and danger to life because of large waves and debris from beaches being thrown on to seafronts. About 34,000 people were left without electricity on Saturday, with a few thousand customers remaining without power overnight, but by Sunday afternoon almost all had had their supply restored.

CalMac, Scotland’s largest ferry operator, cancelled a number of its services and many other ferries were operating on reduced timetables, while others faced potential disruption.

ScotRail also faced a number of disruptions throughout the day, including to its Helensburgh Central and Dumbarton Central services.

However, the services, according to ScotRail, were “starting to return to normal”.

On Saturday, more than 140 flights throughout the UK were cancelled as a result of the storm.

In Ireland, a girl was swept out to sea from the east pier of Dún Laoghaire harbour in County Dublin on Saturday evening. Rescuers were able to pull her out of the water within eight and a half minutes, with a lifeboat volunteer revealing that pockets of air trapped under her coat helped keep her afloat before the rescue.

Andrew Sykes, a volunteer helm with the RNLI, told PA Media that the stormy conditions made the rescue operation difficult.

“With the high winds and storm we were experiencing, with large waves and surge coming off the pier, to get alongside her was extremely difficult,” he said. “She would be pushed one way and we would be pushed another,”

The girl was taken to a hospital with non-life threatening injuries.

Titanic Belfast was forced to close after strong winds damaged part of its roof on Saturday. However, the yellow wind warning covering Donegal, Mayo and west Galway was lifted at 4pm on Sunday.

More on this story

Storm Kathleen: 200 evacuated after River Arun overflows in West Sussex

Storm Kathleen sweeps across west of UK and Ireland – in pictures

Dozens of flights cancelled as Storm Kathleen hits west of UK

Storm Kathleen to bring unseasonably wet and windy weather to UK and Ireland

UK at risk of summer water shortages and hosepipe bans, scientists warn

UK weather: rain disrupts Easter weekend events amid flood warnings

UK Easter weather and travel: ferries hit by winds as getaway begins for millions

Snow falls in Devon as UK prepares for ‘unsettled’ Easter weekend weather

UK weather warnings for wind and rain issued in run-up to Easter weekend

UK weather: Met Office issues yellow warning for snow in west of England

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Scotland Travel Guide

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As befits the home of tartan and whisky, Scotland defies simple definition. It’s a spirited, captivating, complex country. An alluring blend of ancient heritage, and wild landscapes that stir the soul and offer outdoor adventures in magical surroundings. And, as all visitors who travel to Scotland discover, it’s a distinctly dynamic and thoroughly modern entity too.

Travel Facts about Scotland

Best places to visit in scotland - regions and areas, top attractions - what to see in scotland, best things to do in scotland, when is the best time to visit scotland.

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How to get around Scotland

Where to stay in scotland, food in scotland you need to try, culture and festivals in scotland, nightlife in scotland, plan your trip to scotland, things you need to know before going to scotland, typical cost and money saving tips for scotland, what to pack for a trip to scotland, is scotland safe for travel, what you should avoid in scotland, useful resources for your travel to scotland, tailor-made travel itineraries for scotland, created by local experts.

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The Great British Road Trip

Get ready to explore Britain on this unique self-drive road trip. Choose the car of your liking before you hit the road: from the Cotswolds and its picturesque villages over the Beatle's favorite hang-out in Liverpool to Scotland's capital Edinburgh: this trip includes many highlights to be explored

6 days  / from 617 USD

Festive Feelings around Christmas in Scotland

Experience the magic of Christmas in the heart of the Scottish Highlands! Lovely Christmas Markets and winter festivals await visitors during the winter months, but this itinerary can also be turned into a summer festival hop!

11 days  / from 1079 USD

Scotland's Wildest Natural Scenery

Want to lose yourself in Scotland's wildest natural scenery? This itinerary is a breath of fresh air and perfect to explore the most enchanting landscapes of the Highlands. It will allow you to get to know the wildest landscapes of Scotland, its fast-paced history and its amazing traditions.

Tailor-made trips for   Scotland

The information that follows - and much more besides - can be found in The Rough Guide to Scotland - check it out for top Scotland travel advice and inspiration. You might also want to discover the most beautiful places in Scotland — as voted by you.

• English has been the main language of Scotland since the 18th century. Around 60,000 people also speak Gaelic.
• The population of Scotland is just over 5 million. 480,000 reside in the capital, Edinburgh, while Glasgow has a population of 580,000.
• Scotland covers an area of just over 30,000 square miles, with a 2300-mile-long coastline and over 31,460 lochs.
• Scotland is a constituent territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Elements of government business are devolved to the separately elected Scottish Parliament

Clouds reflecting in the surface of Loch Lomond - shutterstock

From culture packed city breaks in Edinburgh or Glasgow, to the awe-inspiring wilds of Scotland’s Highlands and islands, you’ll be spoiled for choice when it comes to choosing where to go during your Scotland travel adventure. For orientation and to plan your route, use the map of Scotland . Also, check out the most beautiful places in Scotland as voted by Rough Guides' Readers, as well as the most remote places in Scotland and the must-visit places you haven't heard of yet.

Famed for its magnificent castle and historic Old Town, dramatic Edinburgh remains the obvious draw for visitors. Come in August and you’ll find it transformed by the Edinburgh Festival , the world’s largest arts event - a sure-fire highlight of any Scotland travel experience.

An hour west of Edinburgh, Scotland’s biggest city, Glasgow , has an entirely different vibe. Once a sprawling industrial metropolis, it boasts impressive architectural heritage and a lively social and cultural life - check out the insiders's guide to Glasgow .

Scottish Highlands

You don’t have to travel far north of the Glasgow–Edinburgh axis to find the first hints of Highland landscape, a divide marked by the Highland Boundary Fault which cuts across central Scotland. The lochs, hills and wooded glens of the Trossachs and Loch Lomond are the most easily reached.

Landscape on the Isle of Skye in the Scottish Highlands, Scotland © David Redondo/Shutterstock

Further north, Perthshire and the Grampian hills of Angus and Deeside show the Scottish countryside at its richest, with colourful woodlands and glens rising up to majestic mountain peaks.

The Great Glen

To reach the far north, you cross the Great Glen , an ancient fissure which cuts right across the country from Ben Nevis to Loch Ness . Scotland’s most memorable scenery is to be found on the jagged west coast, stretching from Argyll all the way north to Wester Ross and the looming hills of Assynt.

The islands

Assorted in character and accessibility, the rocky Hebrides include the Isle of Mull and its nearby pilgrimage centre of Iona ; the Isle of Skye , the most visited of the Hebrides, where the snow-tipped peaks of the Cuillin rise from deep sea lochs; and the Western Isles , an elongated archipelago that is the country’s last bastion of Gaelic language and culture. Off the north coast, Orkney and Shetland ​offer some of the country’s wildest scenery, birdwatching and best archaeological sites. As such, they’re among the best places to travel in Scotland for nature-lovers and culture vultures

Here’s an overview of just a few famous landmarks and attractions in Scotland everyone should see in a lifetime - suggestions you’ll definitely want to consider when planning to travel to Scotland.

• Edinburgh’s skyline : from Calton Hill, the Old Town appears as an unforgettable vista of tightly packed tenements and spires that rise to the immense castle.
• Caledonian Forest : among the gnarled survivors of the great ancient forests you’ll find one of Scotland’s largest populations of the elusive red squirrel.
• Loch Ness : take the old road around the east shores to find tiny lochans and pretty pubs.
• The Cullin Range : the most spectacular mountain range on the west coast: superb to see, breath-taking (literally) to climb.
• West Highland Railway : from Glasgow to Mallaig, this is one of the great railway journeys of the world - 264 miles of ever-more spectacular scenery, with steam trains in the summer

Discover more great places to see in our ultimate list of things not to miss in Scotland .

Street view of the historic Royal Mile, Edinburgh, Scotland © f11photo/Shutterstock

The whole of Scotland offers superb opportunities for walking . There are several long-distance footpaths, such as the well-known West Highland Way, which takes between three and seven days to walk. Paths are generally well signposted and well supported, with a range of services from bunkhouses to baggage-carrying services.

Cycling and mountain biking

Travelling in Scotland on a cycle tour is a great way to see some of the remoter parts of Scotland and navigate city streets, and Scotland is also regarded as a top destination for off-road mountain biking. The Forestry Commission has established more than 1150 miles of excellent off-road routes. Some of the tougher routes are best attempted on full suspension mountain bikes, although the easier (blue/green) trails can be ridden on a standard mountain or road bike.

Winter sports

Skiing and snowboarding take place at five locations in Scotland: Glen Coe, the Nevis Range beside Fort William, Glen Shee, the Lecht and the Cairngorms near Aviemore. When the conditions are good, Scotland’s ski resorts have piste and off-piste areas that will challenge even the most accomplished alpine or cross-country skier.

Watersports

Opportunities for sailing around Scotland are outstanding. However, even in summer the full force of the North Atlantic can be felt, and changeable conditions combined with tricky tides and rocky shores demand good sailing and navigational skills. Scotland’s top spots for windsurfing and kitesurfing are Troon on the Ayrshire coast, St Andrews and Tiree. The latter is renowned for its beaches and waves and has an excellent surf.

Glenfinnan Railway Viaduct, Scotland © Nick Fox/Shutterstock

Explore ancient heritage

From Iron Age forts, burial grounds and mysterious standing stones, to remains of Neolithic settlements, the ancient archaeological sites scattered across Scotland provide a window on past civilisations going back thousands of years. On Orkney, on the West Mainland, the best known of these is the Neolithic village Skara Brae . West Mainland is also the site of one of Europe’s most impressive Neolithic burial chambers. Like Skara Brae, Maeshowe is well preserved – and even contains some racy Viking graffiti.

Uncover atmospheric castles

Castles in Scotland ooze centuries worth of history. There are atmospheric, crumbling ruins, such 15th-century Kilchurn Castle, at the tip of Loch Awe, in Argyll. And there are grand, wonderfully preserved, architectural piles, such as Dunrobin Castle in the north, and Blair Castle in Perthshire.

Entertainment

Attending a Highland Games can be a true highlight of travel to Scotland. While tossing cabers will feature, there’s a whole lot more to the games than that alone - including dancing competitions involving the Highland Fling, and bagpipe-playing competitions. There’s also money to be made from winning, which adds a thrilling sense of drama. The games take place between May and mid-September, and the best-known events are held at Braemar - which usually sees a royal in attendance.

Road-tripping

To take in all of the above (and more of, you could explore five fantastic Scottish road-trips – arguably the best way to visit Scotland for off-the-beaten-track experiences.

Deciding the best time to travel to Scotland may well be wedded to the weather. June, July and August tend to be the most popular months to visit Scotland - days are generally mild (or even warm) and the light lingers longs - though local school holidays make them the busiest period. August in Edinburgh is Festival time, and midges can be a nuisance if you’re exploring the countryside. For these reasons, the best month to visit Scotland might be May or September, when the weather stands a good chance of being clement, and the crowds are less of a problem.

Find out more about the best time to visit Scotland .

If you’re wondering how to get to Scotland from outside the UK, your best option is by plane. Scotland has three main international airports, with Glasgow handling most nonstop scheduled flights from North America. If you’re travelling to Scotland from elsewhere in the UK, coach and train services are good, though for speed you could consider taking a plane to reach the more remote islands.

Read on for the best ways to get to Scotland .

Given that most Scots live in the central belt - Glasgow in the west and Edinburgh in the east - public transport in these areas is excellent, with pretty much everywhere accessible by train and bus. If you’re wondering how to travel around Scotland in more remote areas, it has to be said that further south and north it can be trickier, though, with services much reduced and some remote areas not covered, so you might need to consider hiring a car, or else plan your routes carefully.

Learn more about transportation and how to get around Scotland - a key part of any Scotland travel guide for travellers who are keen to get off the beaten track.

Sunny and cloudy at the same time at Rannoch Moor, Scotland © Shutterstock

As in the rest of Britain, accommodation in Scotland comes in all shapes, sizes and guises, with hotels ranging from cheap and (if you’re lucky) cheerful chains, to grand country mansions offering five-star luxury in impossibly pretty surroundings. For an authentic, friendly Scotland travel experience, you might want to explore the country’s varied B&Bs and guesthouses, while visitors on a budget (or those of an adventurous bent) won’t be disappointed with the hostel and camping options.

Discover how to find the best accommodation in Scotland .

While Scotland isn’t seen as a culinary destination, the country offers some exceptional opportunities to eat fresh and eat local, like sumptuous wild salmon and smoked herring (try the latter in Cullen skink - a soup of smoked haddock, cream and potato). Sweet tooth? Then traditional clootie dumplings (a filling fruit pudding) is a must-try when you travel to Scotland. And of course, the malt whiskey is a world-beater, with a burgeoning cask-conditioned real ale scene adding to the heady mix.

Read more about local food and drink in Scotland .

Scotland has a rich calendar of cultural events and festivals, kicking off with Hogmanay (New Year’s Eve) and New Year’s Day street parties. Then comes Burns Night on 25th January, when Scots worldwide commemorate Scotland’s greatest poet, Robert Burns. Early May heralds the Spirit of Speyside Scotch Whisky Festival, while June brings the beginning of the Highland Games season across the Highlands, northeast and Argyll. Come August, Edinburgh fizzes and throngs with one of the world’s greatest arts jamborees - the Edinburgh International Festival.

To uncover more authentic experiences during your Scotland trip, check out places in Scotland you’ve probably never heard of (but won’t want to miss).

Inevitably, Edinburgh’s nightlife is at its best during the Festival, but its club scene can be enormously enjoyable, and you can hear live jazz, folk and rock in many pubs. For Edinburgh’s best eating options, head to the cobbled Shore of Leith - it’s awash with good-quality seafood bistros and a concentration of Michelin stars.

Meanwhile, Glasgow has an incredible performing arts scene - it’s home to the Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet, Royal Scottish National Orchestra, and the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. Elsewhere, university towns like Aberdeen, St Andrews, Stirling and Dundee offers plenty of evening action, while, even the remotest villages and islands will have a local pub for you to get cosy in, often with live music.

If you’re wondering how many days you need in Scotland, you might be pleased to know you can experience a fair bit in just a few days. Edinburgh, for example, has plenty to entertain for at least a (long) weekend. If you have 5-6 days, you could also take in St Andrews, Loch Ness, Fort William and the Highlands on an easy trip from the capital.

Among the best ideas for spending a week and more in Scotland, you could consider a more immersive Highland tour to discover the beauties of Perthshire and Inverness (capital of the Highlands) allowing yourself time to amble sandy beaches on the Scottish West Coast, and visit the mysterious Isle of Skye - Scotland travel at its most immersive.

For more inspiration, see some of the Scotland itinerarie s from our Scotland travel guide and local travel experts.

Cairngorms, Highlands, Lecht, Scotland © taboga/Shutterstock

• Scotland is not England. Scots are not English - don’t confuse the two. Scotland and Scottish people have their own identity and heritage.
• Don’t confuse “Scots” with “Scotch”. The former refers to people from Scotland, while Scotch means things of Scottish origin, like Scotch whiskey, or shortbread.
• If you pause to listen to a bagpiper performing on the streets, leave a tip (especially if you’ve taken a photo). It takes a lot of skill to get a tune from those pipes.
• That said, you don’t need to leave a tip in pubs, and 10% is customary in restaurants.

Practical travel tips for Scotland

From travel safety to visa requirements, discover the best tips for traveling to Scotland

• Eating and drinking in Scotland
• Getting around Scotland: Transportation Tips
• Travel Tips Scotland for planning and on the go
• Best time to visit Scotland
• The Unit of currency in the UK is the pound sterling (£), divided into 100 pence (p).
• Note that the Bank of Scotland, the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and the Clydesdale Bank issue their own bank-notes – all are legal tender throughout the UK (no matter what shopkeepers south of the border might say).
• You’ll find a branch of at least one big Scottish high-street banks in every sizeable town, usually with an ATM attached. That said, on some islands, and in remoter parts, you may find there’s only a mobile bank that runs to a timetable.
• Plugs - the current is the EU standard of approximately 230v AC. All sockets are designed for British three-pin plugs.

For advice about practical matters when travelling in Scotland, check the travel advice for Scotland .

Scotland is a relatively expensive place to visit, with travel, food and accommodation costs higher than the EU average. If you’re renting a car, staying in comfortable B&Bs or hotels and eating well, you should reckon on at least £100 a day per person. Staying at budget B&Bs, eating at unpretentious restaurants and visiting the odd tourist attraction, means that you’re looking at around £75 each per day. That said, Scotland travel doesn’t have to break the bank. The expenditure for a couple travelling on public transport, self-catering and camping, is in the region of £30 each a day (rising to around £50 a day if you’re staying in hostels and eating the odd meal out).

• Water proof jacket and umbrella - chances are, it will rain during your trip.
• Comfortable shoes - even if you plan to be based in a city, you won’t want to be held back by footwear that’s not great on cobblestones and hills.
• Insect repellent - essential in the summer, especially if you’re planning to explore the great outdoors. The midges can be mightily annoying.
• Travelling from outside the UK? Bring a three-pin plug adaptor.

Glasgow riverside © Shutterstock

As with any country, Scotland’s major towns and cities have their danger spots, but these tend to be inner-city residential areas where tourists rarely roam. The chief urban risk is pickpocketing, so carry only as much money as you need, and keep all bags and pockets fastened. Out in the Highlands and Islands, crime levels are very low.

For up to date information about safety and travel requirements for Scotland, check government guidelines - see Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office advice , while travellers from the US should check governmental travel advisory guidelines for Scotland .

• Beautiful as it is, avoid only visiting Edinburgh. As with all capital cities, it’s not representative of the wider country and, given that the area is easy to get around, there’s no excuse for not exploring little wider.
• Related, when it visiting come lochs, don’t just hone in on Loch Ness (lovely as it is). Scotland has 30,000 lochs to choose from.
• Don’t expect wonderful weather. Even August can bring rain and cooler temperatures, so come expecting it to be (at best) changeable - you’ll be all the more appreciative when that sun does shine through (it does happen).

Check out The Rough Guide to Scotland - an in-depth Scotland travel guide covering everything you need to know before you go and while on the road.

If you’re travelling to Edinburgh, our pocket guide is very handy. If you’re heading to the Highlands and Islands , we have that covered too. Explore Rough Guides' Scotland travel guide range .

If you’re pressed for time, guided tours can be rewarding and convenient. For example, you could book a Best of Scotland’s Highlands tour , or how about a History of Whisky with Tasting and Story-telling experience?

Alternatively, if you’d prefer to leave the entire planning process to someone else, check out our Scotland itineraries - curated by experts, and fully-customisable.

Related articles from the blog

The Rough Guides to Scotland and related travel guides

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Find even more inspiration here

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written by Rough Guides Editors

updated 22.09.2021

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News / Scotland

Heavy rain batters Scotland as new weather warnings come into force

Met Office warns of likely transport disruption alongside the risk of flooding in some areas.

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More on this story, man narrowly avoids being crushed after tree falls on top of house, pilot makes 'extraordinary' plane landing amid storm kathleen winds, latest updates.

Large parts of Scotland are being hit with heavy rain as new yellow weather warnings come into force.

Forecasters predict up to 60mm of rainfall in some areas with disruption to transport and damage to homes and businesses possible.

Meteorologists warn about the risk of flood, particularly in southern Scotland and the south of the central lowlands, along with possible road closures on Tuesday.

The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has 14 flood alerts and seven flood warnings in place. They can be found here .

The Met Office weather warning will hit nearly all of Scotland except the Highlands and Islands and will last from 1am on Tuesday until 6pm.

Flooding near Stepps means the slip road at junction 11 of the M8 is restricted, Amey said.

☔ A wet start for many, with heavy rain slowly moving eastwards, most persistent across parts of Scotland ⚠️ 🌦️ Brighter in Northern Ireland with scattered showers 💨 Windy, especially along the coasts ⚠️ and feeling cooler Take care and stay #WeatherAware pic.twitter.com/jru9cKrVeA — Met Office (@metoffice) April 8, 2024

It comes just days after Storm Kathleen battered much of the country.

On Wednesday, another yellow rain warning will come into force, affecting most of the west and south west of Scotland which has been extended north and until 10pm that day.

The Met Office warned people to anticipate that bus and train journeys would take longer on both days, while drivers were told to be aware of spray and flooding on the roads adding additional travel time.

The Met Office warning for Tuesday said: “Fast-flowing or deep floodwater is possible, with one or two communities temporarily cut off by flooded roads.”

Cloud and rain will stall across parts of Scotland on Tuesday, it is predicted, but it will turn brighter elsewhere with scattered showers through the afternoon.

Unsettled conditions will continue into Wednesday as more cloud and rain arrives from the west and pushes eastwards throughout the day.

A spokesperson for the Met Office said: “Homes and businesses could be flooded, causing damage to some buildings, this more likely in southern Scotland and the south of the Central Lowlands.

“There is a slight chance of power cuts and loss of other services to some homes and businesses. Spray and flooding could lead to difficult driving conditions and some road closures, together with possible delays or cancellations to train and bus services – most likely in the south of the warning area.

“Fast-flowing or deep floodwater is possible, with one or two communities temporarily cut off by flooded roads.”

Oli Claydon, meteorologist from the Met Office, added: “With the rain warnings, it’s just a case of knowing your flood risk. The rain pushes further north quite quickly before the wind comes into play.”

When and where are the yellow rain warnings this week?

The Met Office warning for rain on Tuesday from 1am until 6pm covers Angus, Clackmannanshire, Dundee, Falkirk, Fife, Perth and Kinross, Stirling, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Dumfries and Galloway, East Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, the Borders, West Lothian, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire.

Wednesday’s yellow rain warning will be in force from 9am to 6pm and will cover Argyll and Bute, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Renfrewshire, Glasgow, Inverclyde, North Ayrshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Perth and Kinross, Stirling, Renfrewshire, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire and West Dunbartonshire.

Where are the flood warnings?

SEPA has issued seven flood alerts on Tuesday covering Stonehaven; Culross, Longannet and Kincardine; Sanday; Ardmore to Loch Carnan, Locheport, Lochmaddy; and Stornoway.

SEPA has also issued 14 flood alerts covering Aberdeenshire and Aberdeen city; Fife; Orkney; Western Isles; Ayrshire and Arran; Central; Dumfries and Galloway; Dundee and Angus; Edinburgh and Lothians; Findhorn Nairn Moray and Speyside, Scottish Borders, Shetland, Tayside; and West Central Scotland.

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