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Capital city Khartoum, Sufi Whirling Dervishes, old souk of Omdurman, Naga & Mussawarat, Meroe Pyramids, Jebel Barkal, Nubian house in Ka...

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Sudan Tours

One of Africa's largest countries, our Sudan tours have always attracted intrepid explorers looking to discover the secrets of the ancient civilisations and ruins found within the Nubian desert.

Tour Sudan and explore its dusty old streets and the bustling souks of the capital city Khartoum to the beauty of the Nile Valley and the ever-friendly Sudanese people, home to Egyptian tombs and lost Turkish and Roman cities, our Sudan tours offers a completely unique travel experience.

Join one of our small group Sudan tours as we explore this vast and mysterious North African country.

Starting in mesmerising Khartoum, our Sudan tours explore the untamed beauty of the Nubian Desert as we travel through strange rock formations and forgotten temples on the way to the black pyramids of Meroe and the holy mountain of Jebel Barkal.

Enjoy tranquil nights sleeping under the stars in our desert camps or learn more about the local Sudanese people and culture when spending the night in a traditional Nubian house - making a Sudan tour one of the most memorable holiday destination imaginable!

A Sudan tour can also be partnered with its neighbouring countries. Contact us for more details. Do you want to tour Sudan but need more inspiration? Here are some quick facts that will make you want to explore Africa .

More information about Sudan tours

Do you want to know more about Sudan and its beauty? Or do you need accurate visa information?

Contact the Sudan tourism board for more information.

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Tour reviews.

I liked the fact we were met at the airport and helped thru customs and getting a visa and then upon leaving taken to where we needed to go. Its always tough to figure out where everything is in a foreign airport when you do not travel much Everything was great. Our guide was very knowledgeable and liked that we were interested in what he was telling us. We were lucky to be in a group with like minded people who also wanted to stay in places longer of which our guide accommodated. Only negative thing was the sitting train. Best to just take the flying option. Train was not bad but has no services, no alcohol, and breakfast was all carbs and an egg. Egypt really seems to like their breads and pastries....

Took care of every single detail from prior to our arrival in Cario until we we're dropped of at the airport a week later. Our hotels, tours, meals, and tour group we're all wonderful. Our tour guide was wonderful! The price was great and the people wonderful!

My experience with Encounters was excellent from start to finish. The Tour Guide, Sheriff, was the most passionate, enthusiastic and professional guide I have ever had on a tour and his love for Egypt really made me enjoy my time so much more.

Amazing tour. Any issues we had were addressed in a timely fashion and the resolutions were satisfactory. My only complaint is the driver picking us up was late and none of the cell numbers worked when we tried to call and figure out what to do.

This is our first travel through Encounters Travel and so far the arrangement is working very well. Our travel is not until April 2017 so I am more than hopeful all will continue to run as smoothly as it has so far.

Sudan Country Guide

Time: GMT+2 Dial Code: +249 Area: 1,886 million km2 Elevation: The lowest point in Sudan is the Red Sea at 0m | The highest point in Sudan is Kinyeti at 3,187m (10,456 ft.) Population: 41,511,526 (2018) Capital: Khartoum Government: Representative democracy, Presidential system, Federal republic Language: Arabic, Englis

Sudan, also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a country in North Africa. The country is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest.

The most widely spoken language in the country is Sudanese Arabic. This language is a variety of Arabic and has borrowed much vocabulary from local Nilo-Saharan languages (Nobiin, Fur, Zaghawa, Mabang). As a result, the dialect is unique to Sudan.

Following the 2011 division, which split off Sudan, more than 97% of the population practises Islam. Many of the Muslim locals are divided between two groups: Sufi and Salafi (Ansar Al-Sunnah) Muslims. Religious identity has played a role in the political divisions.

The terrain of Sudan is characterised by flat plains and mountain ranges. In the west, the Deriba Caldera in the Marrah Mountains is the highest point in Sudan. Sudan is the third-largest country in the country in the world (after Algeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo).

The most important sector in Sudan is agriculture, which contributes to 39% of GDP. The legal system in Sudan is based on Islamic Sharia law - a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. The capital of Sudan is Khartoum, situated at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile.

• Nuba Mountains - a forested area home to the Nuba group of people in South Kordofan.
• Kerma - one of the oldest inhabited towns in Africa and a vast archaeological site in Nubia.
• Kerma Museum - an edifice displaying relics from the Kerma site, with seven granite statues and Nubian artefacts.
• Port Sudan - Sudan's only major industrial port with historical buildings, and a popular diving destination.
• National Museum - one of Sudan's best museums displaying royal statues and 3,500-year-old artefacts.
• Naqa - a ruined ancient city and trading station, east of the Nile, with two striking temples.
• Sai Island - an island in Abri, with an Egyptian temple, Ottoman fort and a medieval church.
• Khatmiyah Mosque - positioned by the Taka Mountains, this elaborate mosque has arcade columns and a prayer hall.
• Ask permission before taking photographs of people or religious sites.
• Eat with your right hand, as the left hand is considered unclean.
• Stay hydrated throughout your trip, as the weather is extremely warm and dry.
• As Sudan is an Islamic state, drugs and alcohol are illegal in the country.
• Bring loose-fitting and comfortable clothing along with sun cream and a hat.
• Don't expect to see markets selling souvenirs, as Sudan is not a touristy place.
• When entering a mosque, women will be expected to cover their heads.
• Homosexuality is illegal in Sudan and in some cases has been punishable by death.

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Sudan History Tour: An Exploration of Ancient Kush

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• Single Supplement: TBA

Tour Sudan: Travel by 4-wheel drive along the Nile and through the deserts of northern Sudan where towering pyramids, painted rock-cut tombs, and ornately carved temples await discovery.

For millennia Sudan has been the crossroads between Central Africa and the Mediterranean. Today the country is rich in diverse ethnic groups and dramatic remains of past cultures. The northern area of the country, along with southern Egypt, was home to several ancient civilizations. The first settlers in northern Sudan date back 300,000 years. It is home to the oldest sub-Saharan African kingdom, the kingdom of Kush, the most powerful state in the Nile Valley 4,000 years ago. The conflict between Egypt and Kush followed, culminating in the conquest of Kush by Thutmose I, but in the 11 th  century BC, Egypt withdrew and the Sudanese kings grew powerful again. In the 6 th  century, they invaded Egypt and ruled as Pharaohs uniting the Nile valley from Khartoum to the Mediterranean. The Kushites were expelled from Egypt by the Assyrians, but their kingdom flourished in Sudan for another thousand years.

Kush monuments and art display a rich combination of Pharaonic, Greco-Roman and indigenous African traditions, and two are UNESCO World Heritage Sites – Meroë and Jebel Barkal. Tall pyramids, imposing mud-brick buildings, rock-cut painted tombs, and ornately carved temples – all are present for us to discover.

Join Dr. Tim Kendall and journey through the northern deserts in search of these remarkable civilizations!

Any questions? Please get in touch .

Sudan archaeology tour led by:

Tour scholar tba, why explore sudan with far horizons.

• Private tours with archaeologists of Sudan’s two UNESCO World Heritage Sites Meroë and Jebel Barkal, including the Temple of Mut
• Private tour of El Kurru with archaeologists
• Private tour of Tombos with archaeologists
• Private tour of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity at Old Dongola with archaeologists
• Private tour of Nuri with archaeologists
• Limited to a maximum of 14 participants

Itinerary of your Sudan history trip

Day 1 depart for sudan.

Depart for Sudan.

Day 2 Arrive in Khartoum

Arrive into Khartoum and transfer to the five-star Burj Al Fateh Corinthia Hotel, our home for the next two nights. Overlooking the Nile River, the hotel is an architectural masterpiece of steel and glass.

Day 3 Khartoum city tour, Nuba wrestling

In response to the flooding from the Aswan Dam, whole temples and tombs were moved hundreds of miles to Khartoum to be reconstructed at the Sudan Archaeological Museum. Some of the remains displayed here, almost perfectly preserved, date back nearly 4,000 years while the Christian frescoes on display represent the richest collection discovered so far in the Nile Valley. We spend the morning in the museum. After lunch in a local restaurant, head to the north of the city to watch Nuba Wrestling, a national sport practiced by the Nuba ethnic group. Bouts are held in a local stadium and the goal is to push one’s opponent to the ground on his back. Enjoy a welcome dinner at the lovely courtyard restaurant Al-Assaha. (B/L/D)

Day 4 Wadi Muqaddam

Begin the day followed by a leisurely cruise down the Nile to see the confluence of the Blue and White Rivers. Next, we take off into the Western Desert, crossing Wadi Muqaddam, a complex cultural area of great antiquity. Throughout it there are ancient Meroitic and post-Meroitic tumuli and cemeteries built of stone. Many of the graves are isolated and are perched on high promontories while others are clustered in small groups. Overnight for two nights at the Nubian Rest House, located in the small town of Karima. This charming boutique hotel was constructed in the Nubian style with ornate domes and arches, and each of the rooms has a private bathroom. (B/L/D)

Day 5 Jebel Barkal, El Kurru

The holy mountain of Jebel Barkal, visible for miles across the plain, dominates this part of the Nile. Both ancient Egyptians and Kushites believed that this was the home of Amun, and the remains of a temple dedicated to this god lie at the foot of the crimson sandstone butte. First constructed by Thutmose III in the 15 th  century BC, each successive ruler added to it until it became the largest Kushite building ever constructed. Enjoy a private tour of this complex including the Temple of Mut, dedicated to the Egyptian goddess and consort of Amun. The Nubian capital from 800-400 BC, Napata, built a large number of pyramids in three different areas. Next, we visit nearby El Kurru for a private tour of the excavations with archaeologists working on the project. The site contains royal tombs with well-preserved wall paintings of the pharaoh, the gods and still intact hieroglyphic inscriptions. Jebel Barkal and El Kurru together are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (B/L/D)

Day 6 Kerma, Tombos

Drive to Kerma, the largest settlement along this stretch of the Nile and once the capital of the first kingdom of Kush. Archaeological evidence shows that the settlement dates as far back as 2400 BC. The site consists of Deffufa East and West, two enormous mud-brick structures that are more than 3,500 years old. Western Deffufa is possibly the largest man-made structure in sub-Saharan Africa. Surrounding Eastern Deffufa are massive tombs of Kerma’s former kings. This New Kingdom Egyptian cemetery contains several Egyptian-style mud-brick chambers, and both shaft and mud-brick tombs. Move on to Tombos for a private tour. Located nearby on the bank of the river, this is an important ancient granite quarry and necropolis. Under Thutmose I, a great victory stelae was created overlooking the river. A nearby boulder features the pharoah’s viceroy, Usersatet, along with Hekaemsasen, a dignitary well placed at court. Usersatet and Hekaemsasen are known to have both served King Amenhotep II, but the Tombos stela is the first monument to show them together. What is remarkable is that Hekaemsasen is presented as equal in status to the viceroy. Within the site museum are the statues of many former rulers of Kerma. Overnight for three nights at a pre-set camp in Tombos. Each dome tent with beds, foam mattresses, sheets and blankets, along with a small table and chairs. Shared showers and restrooms are a short walk from the tents. (B/L/D)

Day 7 Sesebi, Soleb

Our explorations take us across the Nile by ferry to the west bank, the location of several ancient sites. Sesibi was a New Kingdom town founded during the 18th Dynasty and was the southernmost fortified town founded by Egyptians in Upper Nubia. Then it’s on to the well-preserved Temple of Soleb, built by Amenhotep III in the 14th century BC and the most beautiful Egyptian building in Sudan. Lying on the banks of the Nile, a processional way leads from the river to the complex. Admire the temple walls which are covered with hieroglyphic inscriptions. Relief carvings on the temple walls depict  sed , the Egyptian celebration of the continued rule of the pharaoh. (B/L/D)

Day 8 Sebu, Sheikh Idris Qubba

Today we begin at the nearby rock art site of Sebu, where hundreds of prehistoric petroglyphs have been pecked into the rock. We continue on to the 3 rd  Cataract and cross the Nile to reach Saï Island, one of the largest islands in the middle Nile. This territory has an extensive history dating back to the Paleolithic era. Under the rule of Ahmose, the founder of the New Kingdom, the island fell under Egyptian control. They built a fortified town and a temple dedicated to the god Amun. In addition to these eras, the island’s vast history has been evidenced by discoveries from the Neolithic, Pre-Kerman, Kerman, Napatan, Meroitic, Post-Meroitic, Medieval and Islamic periods. Before returning to camp stop at the tomb Sheikh Idris Qubba, a pyramidal testament to a great Sufi scholar. (B/L/D)

Day 9 Nubian villages,Old Dongola, Monastery of the Holy Trinity

Our morning drive takes us along a new road through the central part of the Nubian region. Along the way, we will pass several Nubian villages with the entrance doorways of community dwellings painted and decorated with patterns and flowers. Then its on to Dongola where the irrigated fields are filled with fruit and vegetables, and groves of date palm trees provide cool shade. Our exploration of Old Dongola takes us to Monastery of the Holy Trinity for a private tour, the remains of the Coptic Church along with a vast Sufi cemetery with  qubbas  (domed tombs) dating back to the 14 th  century. Overnight for two nights at the Nubian Rest House in Karima. (B/L/D)

Day 10 Nuri, Market in Karima, Tea Ceremony

Meet with the archaeologists excavating the Royal Necropolis of Nuri for a private tour. Nuri’s pyramids are older than those at Meroë. The tomb of the great Napatan King Taharqa, one of the 25 th  Dynasty pharaohs of Egypt and probably the most powerful ruler in Sudanese history, is located here along with the tombs of other Kushite rulers. Move on to the local market and experience the hustle bustle of every day Sudanese life. This afternoon, enjoy a tea ceremony and traditional dancing.  (B/L/D)

Day 11 Bayuda Desert, Monastery of Ghazali

Today’s journey takes us through the breathtaking lunar-like landscape of the Bayuda Desert. Along the way, we see the remains of the medieval Monastery of Ghazali, abandoned in the 11 th  century. Located on an old trade route, the monastery was surrounded by impressive protective walls. Overnight for two nights in the Meroë Safari Camp. Each of the furnished tents has beds and private separate bathrooms with a toilet and shower.   (B/L/D)

Day 12 Meroë

Flourishing between the 3rd   century BC and the 4th century AD and thus coexisting with Ptolemaic and then Roman rule in Egypt, Meroë once formed the capital of an empire that stretched northwards to the borders of ancient Egypt and southwards to take in much of what is today central and southern Sudan. The remains of the Royal City are scattered along the banks of the Nile and encircling the royal palace and Temple of Amun. Famous in antiquity for its warrior queens, Meroë’s art and architecture show ancient Egyptian, Hellenistic and Mediterranean influences, as well as of those native to Sudan. Towering over the royal cemeteries is a multitude of spectacular pyramids, more than one hundred of them, including the tomb of Queen Shanadakhete, Meroë’s most powerful ruler and perhaps the first significant female ruler in history.  (NOTE: The Royal City of Meroë is currently closed for reconstruction due to previous flood damage. Our group may only be able to visit the necropolis in February 2023.)  (B/L/D)

Day 13 Naga, Musawwarat es-sufra, Omdurman souk

Today, visit Naga, one of the cities of ancient Kush with superbly preserved temples still standing. Walk through an avenue of rams to the Temple to Amun, founded by King Natakamani 2,000 years ago, and the Lion Temple, dedicated to the lion-headed Kushite god, Apedemak. Continue to Mussawarat es-Sufra, probably a cult and pilgrimage center and the largest set of Meroitic remains in Sudan. The huge complex, known as the Great Enclosure, contains temples and other buildings. Many are covered with ancient carvings, often images of elephants. Later, we visit the Omdurman Souk, said to be one of the largest markets in Africa. Displayed to tempt us will be ebony wood carvings, necklaces, bracelets, beads, gold and silver jewelry, clay coffee pots, Sudanese baskets, food, spices and much more. Return to the Burj Al-Fateh Corinthia Hotel in Khartoum for one night. (B/L/D)

Day 14 Depart Sudan

Transfer to the airport for flight home. (B) (NOTE: Most international flights depart in the very early morning hours.)

Tour Information

Tour cost & inclusions.

Price is based on double occupancy and includes:

• Internal flights during the trip (if applicable)
• The accompaniment of your scholar throughout the entire trip
• Local English-speaking guide
• Hotel accommodations (3 or 4 stars; or best available based in the area)
• Ground transportation
• Airport transfers for arrivals and departures
• Most meals as noted in the itinerary
• Entry fees to all included sites and museums
• Gratuities to guides, drivers, and restaurant and hotel staff
• Coordination for any private presentations or tours

Trip prices are based on a minimum number of participants. If this minimum number is not met, trip prices are subject to change. Should the prices need to change, Far Horizons will reach out to registered guests to discuss directly.

Single Supplement

Should a roommate be requested and one not be available, the single supplement must be charged.

• International round trip airfare
• A separate donation check of $150.00 per person to a designated donation project
• Passport or visa fees
• Required vaccines or tests
• Airport or departure taxes
• Alcoholic drinks, beverages or food not included on set menus
• Excess baggage charges
• Personal tips and hotel incidental expenses
• Laundry or other items of a personal nature

Donation Checks

As a tour company that benefits from the cultural and natural riches of our destinations, we have a policy of donating to the scientific and cultural sites and projects which we visit. This has created a bond between Far Horizons and the academic and local communities that has helped us establish an extensive list of lecturers and contacts in each of our destinations. We ask that each participant donate to the noteworthy project we designate. The donation amount is $150.00 per person. Note that the donation is required as part of your registration for the trip and that it is non-refundable.

Exchange Rate Fluctuations

Prices are based on currency exchange rates keeping below a projected level. While it is unlikely, if the exchange rates should change substantially, Far Horizons reserves the right to charge an additional amount to the trip cost.

Registration

A deposit of $1000 per person is required along with your registration & health forms, which will be linked in the email confirmation you receive once you pay your deposit on our booking platform. Final payment is due 120 days before departure. Prior to departure, you will be sent a reading list and a tour bulletin containing travel information.

Cancellation

Cancellations received in writing at least 120 days before departure will receive a refund less a $500 per person administrative fee. Cancellations received less than 120 days before the departure date will not receive a refund. If for any reason you are unable to complete the trip, Far Horizons will not reimburse any fees. Upon registering for the tour, the purchase of travel protection with both trip cancellation and emergency evacuation is strongly advised. Links to recommended insurance policies will be included in the email you receive confirming receipt of your deposit.

Air Ticketing

International round trip flights are not included in the cost of the trip. If Far Horizons must change the trip dates or cancel the trip for any reason, Far Horizons is not responsible for any air ticket you may have purchased. Please send your complete air schedule as soon as you have it. NOTE: Please contact Far Horizons if you would like for us to handle your air ticketing.

Private Tours and Talks

The private tours of archaeological sites and talks by specialists are scheduled in advance and include a donation to each. Specialists working at these sites are excited about showing their work to interested enthusiasts. However, please be aware that there may be times when the director or a member of the staff may not be on site when our groups arrive due to other commitments.

Walking and Standing

Far Horizons expects all participants to be physically active and able to walk and climb independently throughout the full touring days. This includes walking over uneven terrain (uphill and downhill) for 2 miles or more at each site. You should expect to be on your feet for much of each day, averaging as much as 5 miles of walking per day. As such, each participant should be able to walk unaided at a pace of 3 miles per hour for at least an hour at a time, and to stand unsupported for at least 60 minutes. Bearing this in mind, we suggest that, if you have not already done so, you begin walking several miles every day, ideally including stairs and hills. If you have questions about your ability to keep up with the group or the strenuous nature of this trip, please contact the Far Horizons staff.

Expectations During Travels with Far Horizons

This tour is designed for flexible, energetic people who like to be active, have a spirit of adventure and a positive attitude. We have designed this trip to be as comfortable as possible, while also aiming to visit some remote or unique sites that other companies do not attempt to include in their itineraries. There may be days where we have very long drives and the conditions of the roads may vary. Hotels and transportation in some remote areas may not be up to western standards. There may be times when no bellhops are available; please pack with the understanding that you need to be able to handle your own luggage at times. At times we may be walking over uneven trails for a mile or more; hiking boots are strongly recommended. Not every meal will not be haute cuisine and several lunches may be picnics or box lunches. By maintaining a flexible attitude we will soon be captivated by the beauty of the natural scenery, the hospitality of the local people, and the fascinating sites we will see. Your flexibility and patience will be appreciated.

Itinerary Changes

Changes in our itinerary, accommodations, and transportation schedules may occur. While we are committed to keeping as close to the published details as possible, sometimes it is simply not possible. Weather events, government affairs, or other factors out of our control sometimes come into play. A good book to read as well as patience, flexible attitude, and a sense of humor are essential.

Travel Insurance

Travel in sudan.

Sudan’s tourism infrastructure is relatively undeveloped. Some hotels are simple and some nights will be spent in tent camps instead of hotels. We will be traveling by 4x4s over unpaved roads into very remote areas. At times we will be walking over uneven terrain and sand for distances that may exceed a mile or more each day; hiking boots are required.

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Welcome to Sudan

Brace yourself for an adventure where the entire country is a hidden gem.

Sudan is a country of extremes – hot temperatures, long distances, huge deserts. But most of all, it is a place of beauty. You will meet very kind, hospitable people who smile and welcome you with genuine enthusiasm. You will see the remnants of great civilizations, such as the pyramids and temples of the Kush. You will experience the unique culture of a country where more than 70 languages are spoken.

Sudan is not a country that is visited by many tourists and as such a strong tourist infrastructure is NOT in place. Roads are not always paved, accommodation options are limited inside Khartoum and outside of Khartoum you may have to camp or stay in a guesthouse with humble facilities. Picky eaters may have trouble finding certain foods, and following the local diet is the best way to ensure you eat a good meal. typical lunches consist of cheese, chips, fava beans, bread, tuna, even meals will include chicken, rice, pasta Real Sudan will make sure you are well catered for and our sales advisors are the very best

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Sudan Tours & Vacations

At this stage we don't have any organized trips to Sudan.

That said, Intrepid can create tailor-made tours to many destinations, including Sudan. Our fully customized trips still offer the same small group experiences with local leaders, but made just the way you want it. Simply fill out your details on our Tailor-Made page and one of our travel specialists will be in touch.

Or why not visit Ethiopia , Kenya or T anzania ?

Sudan at a glance

Capital city.

40.5 million

Sudanese Pound (SDG)

Arabic, English

(GMT+03:00) Nairobi

CALLING CODE

Electricity.

Type C (European 2-pin), Type D (Old British 3-pin)

Learn more about Sudan

Local culture of sudan.

Hundreds of ethnic groups reside in Sudan, each with their own culture and traditions, although Arab culture predominates. This is particularly true in the north, where Sharia law rules the land, most of the population is Muslim and people tend to prefer traditional clothing to Western garb. Men wear long robes called jalabiya and women wrap a garment (called a thawb) around their entire body. This is worn for both religious reasons and to protect against the heat. Long, loose clothing offers greater relief from the scorching sun than shorts and t-shirts in Sudan.

African culture and traditional animist beliefs are more common in the south. Many speak local dialects or English rather than Arabic and brew a strong beer in their homes called marissa in direct defiance of Sharia law. Music and dance are an important cultural element for some groups, while wrestling is linked to the identity of Sudan’s Nuba people.

While lifestyle and culture can vary greatly across the country, all Sudanese people share a strong sense of hospitality and generosity. Locals will go out of their way to make sure guests are comfortable, offering their best food and drink, even when they can’t afford it; groups out to lunch will frequently invite complete strangers to join them; and people often keep a pot filled with water outside of their house for passer-bys in need of a drink. It’s a custom called sabeel and it originated as a gesture of kindness to neighbours who spent their days working in the fields (about 80% of Sudanese jobs are in agriculture).

Although Sudan may have a long way to go before it recovers from years of government abuse, famine, and civil war, the people who call this country home are among the friendliest you’ll ever meet.

Geography & environment

Located in northeastern Africa, Sudan is bound by Egypt to the north; the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east; South Sudan and the Central African Republic to the south; and Chad and Libya to the west. Two major tributaries of the Nile River – the White Nile and the Blue Nile – merge near the centre of the country in the nation’s capital, Khartoum. The unified Nile continues north to  Egypt , separating the Nubian Desert, which occupies the northeast of Sudan from the Libyan Desert, which occupies the northwest. Desert gives way to open savannah, largely flat to the east, but rising to two plateaus to the west and south. The western plateau makes up the war-torn region of Darfur. Sudan also contains several mountain ranges – the Nuba Mountains located near the border with South Sudan and volcanic peaks that make up the Marrah Mountains in Darfur.

Shopping guide to Sudan

Shopping opportunities in Sudan are largely limited to street vendors and local markets, called souks. The capital has a number of souks worth checking out, though Souk Omdurman is the largest in the country and perhaps the best place to shop unique Sudanese items and handicrafts. Vendors line an endless maze of narrow alleyways selling a wide range of goods, often cheaper than elsewhere in the city. Local crafts to keep an eye out for include grass and straw products, carved wooden statues and masks, goods made from copper and brass and gold jewellery. Friendly haggling is the norm at markets and payment is always in cash.

Khartoum also has two relatively new shopping malls – Al Waha Mall and Afra Shopping Mall. Both malls house mostly independent shops that sell clothing, accessories, stationary and electronics.

Sudan festival calendar

Most festivals in Sudan are religious holidays and are celebrated privately with family and friends, although there are a few rowdy exceptions. Some of the biggest and most important festivals in Sudan include: 

1. Mawlid an-Nabi (The Prophet’s Birthday)

The birth of the Prophet Muhammad is a national holiday in many Muslim-majority countries. In Sudan, Sufi Muslims celebrate the 12th day of the fifth month of the Islamic lunar calendar by throwing carnival-like festivals in public squares where religious scholars give public lectures, stories are told about the life of Muhammad and stalls sell food and sweets.

2. Sufi Holiya Festival

 Social hierarchies and ethnic differences are put aside each October for this boisterous Sufi holiday meant to commemorate the death of a saint. Attracting Sufi Muslims from near and far, festivities begin with a parade and end with an all-night celebration where revellers dance and sing songs while traditional music is played.

3. Eid al-Fitr

This three-day festival, which marks the end of the Islamic fasting month of Ramadan, is typically celebrated with friends, family and food. Beginning on the first day of the tenth lunar month, people collect sweets and eat plenty of porridge (aseeda) as they move from house to house visiting neighbours.

4. Eid al-Adha

 Meaning ‘festival (or feast) of the sacrifice’, Eid al-Adha is the most important Muslim holiday. Traditionally, people are meant to sacrifice an animal as a symbol of religious devotion, however many in Sudan are unable to afford this. Instead, people spend this day feasting with family.

Food & drink in Sudan

Sudanese cuisine tends to be simple yet flavourful. Dishes rely heavily on grains and legumes due to the country’s dry climate and are flavoured with spices introduced by the Middle East and Mediterranean, such as cardamom, cinnamon and red pepper. Porridge and kisra (a Sudanese flatbread similar to roti) are dietary staples. Made from wheat, soghrum or corn flour, porridge is eaten like rice and usually served with a meat and vegetable stew (mullah).

Falafel is a popular vegetarian dish, although in Sudan it is called tamiya and is made from broad beans. Fava beans are a common breakfast choice. Stewed with various spices, you’ll find food vendors and restaurants across the country serving bowls of this national dish. 

Meat is an essential part of the Sudanese diet and might be roasted, barbequed over charcoal, pan-fried or featured in soups and stews. A typical stew will contain chunks of beef or lamb, as well as sheep’s fat, onions, okra, tomato paste, yogurt or milk. Sheep organs (including the lungs, liver and stomach) are commonly eaten raw with onions, peanut butter and salt as an appetizer. In the south, fish from the Nile Rivers features more prominently in dishes.

Peanuts, dates and figs are also important ingredients in Sudanese cooking, which are used to add both taste and texture. Peanuts are frequently used in soups or to coat meat while dates are often added to porridge.

Sudan abides by Sharia law, which means alcohol is prohibited. Rather than alcohol, tea is the beverage of choice for most Sudanese. Turkish coffee is also quite popular. 

Must-try foods in Sudan

1. Ful medames

 Sudan’s national dish turns the humble fava bean into something rich and flavourful. Beans are stewed with tomatoes, onions and various spices, and usually served with a variety of accompaniments including salad, tamiya, chilli sauce, tahini or sesame oil.

 A Sudanese flatbread made from sorghum flour. This dietary staple accompanies most meals.

3. Goraasa be dama

 Chunks of beef are simmered in tomatoes and flavoured with cardamom, cinnamon and garlic to create a stew that is served on goraasa, a simple wheat-based flatbread.

Further reading

Sudan travel faqs, do i need a covid-19 vaccine to join an intrepid trip.

Trips from 1 January 2023 onwards

From 1 January 2023, Intrepid will no longer require travelers to provide proof of vaccination against COVID-19 (excluding all Polar trips and select adventure cruises).

However, we continue to strongly recommend that all Intrepid travelers and leaders get vaccinated to protect themselves and others.

Specific proof of testing or vaccination may still be required by your destination or airline. Please ensure you check travel and entry requirements carefully.

When is the best time to visit Sudan?

While Sudan’s north is dry for most of the year, the south is tropical and humid year round. Generally the shoulder and winter months from September to April are the best times to visit. Sudan is always hot but April to July are uncomfortably so, and this is also the wettest time of the year. You may encounter fierce dust storms from July to August and November to January.

Is Sudan safe to visit?

While parts of Sudan continue to suffer civil unrest, political tension and the threat of terrorist attack, this risk is relatively isolated to specific areas. Most governments do not recommend travel to southern and western Sudan, though the northeast region of the country is considered one of the safest parts of Africa. The people are incredibly warm and hospitable. Rest assured, Intrepid would not take you anywhere unless we were convinced it was safe.

Do I need a visa to visit Sudan?

Australia: Yes – required in advance Belgium: Yes – required in advance Canada: Yes – required in advance Germany: Yes – required in advance Ireland: Yes – required in advance Netherlands: Yes – required in advance New Zealand: Yes – required in advance South Africa: Yes – required in advance Switzerland: Yes – required in advance United Kingdom: Yes – required in advance USA: Yes – required in advance

Travellers from most nations are required to obtain a visa to visit Sudan. Visa requirements can change at any time so contact your nearest Sudanese consulate or embassy for up-to-date information about visa requirements. Be aware that even if you have a visa, travellers with Israeli stamps or an Israeli visa in their passport will not be allowed to enter Sudan.

It’s generally a good idea to make sure your passport is valid for a minimum of six months following your departure from Sudan and has a few blank pages for stamps.

Is tipping customary in Sudan?

Tipping is not normally expected in Sudan, but is a nice way to show your appreciation. A service charge is usually including on restaurant bills, in which case, there is no need to leave an additional tip.

What is internet access like in Sudan?

Internet access is generally good in Sudan, although the government is sometimes known to restrict access during times of civil unrest. Normally, even in small towns the Internet connection speeds are decent and prices are affordable. Most towns have an internet cafe and most midrange and top-end hotels have wi-fi. It's also possible to access the internet on your phone with mobile-phone data.

Can I use my mobile phone while in Sudan?

Mobile phone coverage is good in urban areas. Ensure global roaming is activated with your service provider before leaving home.

What are the toilets like in Sudan?

Both Western-style flushable toilets and squat toilets can be found in Sudan. It’s a good idea to carry your own toilet paper and hand sanitizer as they are rarely provided.

What will it cost for a…?

Cup of tea = USD 0.20 Shawarma = USD 1.50 Lunch at a mid-range restaurant = USD 10-15 Dinner at a high-end restaurant = USD 20+

Can I drink the tap water in Sudan?

Tap water is not safe to drink in Sudan. For environmental reasons, try to avoid buying bottled water. Instead, pack a reusable water bottle. Your leader or hotel can tell you were to find filtered water or bring purification tablets.

Are credit cards widely accepted in Sudan?

Credit cards are not accepted in Sudan. Neither are debit cards, cash cards or travellers cheques, so expect to pay cash for all purchases.

What is ATM access like in Sudan?

There are no ATMs in Sudan that are able to access international funds, so make sure to bring enough cash to cover all your expenses.

Do I need to purchase travel insurance before traveling?

Absolutely. All passengers traveling with Intrepid are required to purchase travel insurance before the start of their trip. Your travel insurance details will be recorded by your leader on the first day of the trip. Due to the varying nature, availability and cost of health care around the world, travel insurance is very much an essential and necessary part of every journey.

For more information on insurance, please go to: Travel Insurance

What public holidays are celebrated in Sudan?

Jan 1: Independence Day Jan 8: Coptic Christmas June 25: Eid al-Fitr June 30: Revolution Day Sept 1: Eid al-Adha Sept 22: Islamic New Year Dec 1: Birth of Prophet Muhammad Dec 25: Christmas Day

Many of these holidays are religious holidays and change each year as they are celebrated according to the Islamic lunar calendar. For an up-to-date list of public holidays in Sudan go to: https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/sudan/public-holidays .

Is Sudan a safe destination for LGBTQI-travellers?

Discretion is highly advised for LGBTQI-travellers in Sudan, where homosexuality is illegal and sodomy is technically punishable by death (though this has not been enforced for years). That being said, travellers should not encounter any problems if they are discreet and avoid public displays of affection.

For more detailed and up-to-date advice, we recommend visiting Equaldex or Smartraveller before you travel.

Do I need any vaccinations before visiting Sudan?

Sudan requires proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are travelling from a country with risk of yellow fever. Many African countries pose a risk (including Ethiopia, South Sudan and Kenya), so if you are planning on visiting other nearby nations before arriving in Sudan, you may be required to get this vaccine. Visit your doctor or travel clinic for up-to-date advice and make sure to schedule your vaccination 4-6 weeks before your departure date, as some require time to become effective. No other vaccines are required in order to enter Sudan but some are recommended for protection against disease.

Recommended vaccines: 1.    Hepatitis A (transmitted through contaminated water) 2.    Typhoid (transmitted through contaminated water) 3.    Yellow Fever (transmitted through mosquitoes). Yellow fever is a risk in Sudan south of Khartoum. Talk to your doctor or travel clinic about your travel plans to see if this vaccine is right for you. 4.    Meningitis (bacterial disease transmitted by close contact with an infected person). Sudan is located in the ‘meningitis belt’ of sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is most common during the dry season, between December and June.

Should I bring any medication when visiting Sudan?

Malaria, yellow fever and Zika are all mosquito-transmitted diseases found in certain parts of Sudan. Zika can also be transmitted through sexual exposure. Since Zika has been tied to serious birth defects, pregnant women are advised to not travel to Sudan. You can protect yourself by wearing light coloured clothing, using a good bug repellent and taking anti-malaria medication. Talk to your doctor or travel clinic about your travel plans to determine what medication is right for you.

How do I stay safe and healthy while traveling?

From Australia?

Go to: Smart Traveller

From Canada?

Go to:  Canada Travel Information

From the UK?

Go to:  UK Foreign Travel Advice

From New Zealand?

Go to:  Safe Travel

From the US?

Go to:  US Department of State

The World Health Organisation also provides useful health information.

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Sudan Tours and Trips 2024/2025

Sudan may not be an easy country to visit, but if you’re lucky enough to secure a tourist visa it won’t disappoint! Do a sightseeing tour of Khartoum , the country’s capital city, so you can see the beautiful Al-Nilin Mosque and the National Museum of Sudan. You’ll also be able to see the gorgeous White and Blue Nile rivers flowing through the city.

1 Trip in Sudan with 21 Reviews

• Starts Khartoum, Sudan
• Ends Khartoum, Sudan

Hidden Treasures

• Trip customizable
• Best price guaranteed
• Tour Type Small Group Tour
• Activities Cruise & Art and architecture
• Accommodation Hotel, Hut & Guest House
• Transport Boat, Ferry & Flight
• Age Range 12-95 yrs
• Operated in English

Sudan Tour Reviews

Sudan - travel highlights and travel tips.

Visiting the country of Sudan is no easy feat, given the destination’s reputation for a difficult visa application process. If you are fortunate enough to secure a tourist visa, your visit to Sudan is bound to be an enjoyable one - so long as you avoid the country’s more dangerous areas. Sudan has faced civil war for the greater part of the last 40 years; however, its diverse people are incredibly hospitable and will work hard to make your experience unforgettable.

Tour Highlights

• Explore the tombs and ancient history of the Meroe pyramids
• Take in the spiritual atmosphere of the Sufi trance dancing, occurring in Khartoum around one hour before sunset
• Have a picnic on the banks of Tuti island and see where the White Nile and the Blue Nile meet
• Discover Egyptian and Ottoman ruins left behind on Sai Island
• Visit Dinder National Park to try and spot giraffes and leopards in the wild

Travel Tips

• To stay safe on your visit to Sudan, avoid travelling through western and southern Sudan - particularly the city of Darfur. Always check with your country’s travel authority for the most up-to-date travel information.Alcohol is illegal in Sudan, so don’t be caught trying to import it - you can be severely punished.
• Before making plans to travel to Sudan, bear in mind that you will not be granted entry if your passport shows entry stamps or visas for Israel (or if you are an Israeli citizen). While you can get a visa on arrival, it is always recommended to secure one in your home country.
• English is not widely spoken in Sudan (except among the older generations, oddly enough), so it’s best to brush up on some general Arabic before your visit.
• ATMs are almost non-existent in Sudan, and the ones that exist do not accept international bank cards. Be sure to bring adequate money with you to avoid being stuck cashless.

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Sudan Tours & Holidays

Small group tours & tailor-made holidays.

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Experience the rich history and culture that this diverse country has to offer on one of our Sudan tours or tailor-made holidays.

Boasting nearly 600 different ethnic groups, divided between the Muslim north and the Christian south. Speaking over 400 different languages and dialects, this cultural and religious divide has had a profound effect on the history of the country. It is these people though, and their remarkable diversity of traditions and histories, that are a key highlight ...

Boasting nearly 600 different ethnic groups, divided between the Muslim north and the Christian south. Speaking over 400 different languages and dialects, this cultural and religious divide has had a profound effect on the history of the country. It is these people though, and their remarkable diversity of traditions and histories, that are a key highlight to any visit to this incredible country.

Once the largest country in Africa, before South Sudan gained independence in 2011, Sudan has long enjoyed a connection with Egypt and the Nile that stretches back to antiquity. Its capital, Khartoum, lies at the convergence of the White and Blue Niles, where they meet to form the great river itself. From here these mighty waters then begin the long journey north, through the desert landscapes of ancient Nubia and into the fertile ribbon of the Nile Valley to the Mediterranean.

The country's recent history has been blighted by civil, political and religious unrest, but this vast land was the power-base of the powerful Kushite and Meroitic kingdoms for centuries. As with its neighbour to the north, Sudan’s landscape is littered with ancient pyramids, from those of Jebel Barkal, dating back to the 1st century BC, to the ancient city of Meroe, once the capital of the Kingdom of Kush.

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Start your journey, group tours.

Travel to Sudan with like-minded people on one of our small group tours (usually max size 12), featuring knowledgeable local guides and an expert tour leader.

HIGHLIGHTS OF SUDAN

Best experiences.

Explore the pyramids of Meroe

Explore the pyramids of Meroe, consisting of more than 200 pyramids in three different locations.

Explore Khartoum

Witness Nubian wrestling, whirling dervishes and busy markets in the Sudanese capital.

Follow the Nile

Follow a much less-frequently visited section of the Nile than in Egypt, meeting friendly Nubian villagers along the way.

Discover more

Being the largest country in Africa, Sudan has a wide variety of climactic patterns but in the north, where this trip spends its entire time, hot days (around 30-35 degrees) & cool nights (around 15 degrees) can be expected as is typical of desert regions. Rain is unlikely but not unheard of.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Health and Vaccinations  

There are no mandatory immunisations for travellers to Sudan though you should be up-to-date with Typhoid, Tetanus, Polio and Hepatitis A. Malaria is present throughout Sudan so we recommend you seek advice from your local GP or travel centre as to the correct immunisations and preventative treatments. 

Currency  

In Sudan the official unit of currency is the Sudanese Pound. 

To check out the latest exchange rate for the places that you are visiting you can go to www.oanda.com . 

Cultural Sensitivity  

On our tours you will frequently interact with local people, each with their own distinct customs and traditions. We therefore ask you to be considerate and to treat them with respect. Your tour-leaders and guides will always be able to advise you accordingly.  

It should be noted that Sudan is a conservative country and both men and women should dress accordingly. In general, loose fitting cotton clothing is best. Neither men nor women should wear shorts; long trousers or long skirts are recommended. Women in particular should be prepared to cover their shoulders when in habited areas. Please note there is no need for women to wear a headscarf, though it’s a good idea to when in the more traditional areas and when visiting religious sites. 

Language & Religion  

In Sudan almost, the entire population of the country follows Islam (around 97%). The other 3% is made up of various animist beliefs and Christianity. Sudan has around 70 different languages, of which Arabic is the most widely spoken alongside various tribal languages. Sudan’s official languages are Arabic and English, with English being spoken by the educated and elite. 

Time  

Sudan is 3 hours ahead of GMT. 

A useful website to check the time zone differences is www.worldtimezone.com .  

Food and drink  

In Sudan, as much of the time will be spent camping, you can expect picnic lunches and dinners which will be a mixture of international and local food. The most common local dishes are ful and fasolija (both bean-based soups), lamb, falafel (taamiya), meat or vegetable stews. 

Please remember that alcohol is strictly forbidden in Sudan and you should not attempt to bring any into the country. 

Travelling Solo In Sudan

All of our   small group tours   are designed to cater for   solo travellers : the number of solo travellers will vary from tour to tour, but usually over half will be travelling alone. Get all of the excitement of discovering new places combined with the security of travelling with an organised group, with like minded people.

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Tours to Africa

The sheer scale of Africa is the first thing that strikes you. The immensity of Africa’s deserts, savannah and rainforests, its endless horizons and diverse wildlife. Africa’s dizzying sights, sounds, smells and colors surround you the moment you arrive on your Africa adventure vacation.

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Walking and trekking, food and drink, rail journeys, short breaks, discover our africa tours.

Africa is best known for its wildlife. Home to the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo and rhinoceros), Africa boasts some of the world's greatest wildlife reserves, including the  Serengeti ,  Etosha ,  Ngorongoro ,  Chobe , and  Kruger  national parks. Join one of our  Africa wildlife safari tours  for a chance to spot some, or maybe all, of these iconic creatures in their natural habitat. You can also find gorilla and chimp foraging in the lush mountains of Uganda or immerse yourself in exotic wildlife on the ‘The Lost Continent’ of Madagascar.  Africa also offers a wide variety of challenging walks and hikes. Trek into the spectacular Atlas Mountains of Morocco to summit  Mount Toubkal , the highest peak in North Africa, tick the colossal  Kilimanjaro  off your bucket list or head beyond the beaten track with a hike into the lush green Simien Mountains of  Ethiopia . For a more cultural African experience, book a  trip to Morocco . Meander through a maze of bustling souks and ride on camel-back through the Sahara. Alternatively, head to  Ghana  to meet local tribespeople and explore their mudhouse villages, and book a  trip to Benin  to discover a country barely touched by the outside world. Or for a once-in-a-lifetime iconic road trip, travel along the  South Africa Garden Route  to watch the sun rise over Table Mountain and spot penguin at Stony Point.

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Africa is probably best known for its wildlife. It is home to the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo and rhinoceros) as well as a host of other wildlife. Some of the world's greatest wildlife reserves, including the Serengeti, Ngorongoro, the Maasai Mara, Moremi, Chobe, the Kalahari and the Kruger, can be found in eastern and southern Africa. As if mainland Africa wasn't enough for wildlife-lovers, off the south-eastern coast lies the remarkable island of Madagascar, home to some of the planet's most unusual species. A wildlife safari in Africa is an experience second to none, whether you're observing the wildlife on foot, by four-wheel-drive or from a boat.

A rich tapestry of cultures and tribes has evolved throughout the continent: there are dozens of ethnic groups each with their own customs, traditions and language. No visit to Africa is complete without meeting its people and witnessing first-hand the extraordinary wealth of the culture, from the Berbers and Tuareg of the north to the Maasai in the east and the Zulus and San Bushmen in the south. Africa's diversity of music, dance, art, architecture, clothing, religions, traditions and beliefs is truly amazing.

Sudan Tours

Desert Secrets of Sudan: Kingdom of The Black Pharaohs

Tour Sudan on an adventurous journey of ancient historical sites and nomadic tribal cultures, the vast Sahara Desert, and the grand Nile River. Italian operated deluxe permanent camps and charming Nubian Guesthouses.

Sudan: The Nubian Desert and The Red Sea

Tour Sudan's remote Nubian region. Discover archaeological sites still untouched by tourism including the unknown petroglyphs Bur Nurayet. Visit colorful Nubian villages, the pyramids of Meroe amd the Atun Crater. Traverse across the Bayuda Desert. Cruise the warm waters of the Red Sea for 7 days aboard the M/Y Elegante, a 25 ft schooner. Enjoy breath-taking landscapes and the welcoming local people.

Sudan: Nubia - Nile Valley & Western Desert

Tour Sudan's remote Nubian region. Discover archaeological sites still untouched by tourism. Visit colorful Nubian villages. Enjoy breath-taking landscapes and the welcoming local people. Accommodation in Italian operated "wild camps."

Nubia - A Journey Along the Nile: Sudan & Egypt

This unique tour combines travel thru Sudan and Egypt. The Sudan tour travels along the Nile visiting archaeological sites, colorful Nubian villages, the Nubian and Bayuda Desert with nomadic settlements and the astonishing UNESCO site of the Royal Necropolis of Meroe.

The Egypt tour visits the rock-cut temples of Abu Simbel (UNESCO World Heritage Site) and we cruise on Lake Nasser visiting stunning ancient temples, the Nubian fjords and more!

Sudan is of the largest and yet least visited countries of Africa. Sudan is a land of ancient historical sites and nomadic/tribal cultures, vast desert and the grand Nile River. 

On our Sudan Tours, you will visit amazing UNESCO sites, observe life in the Nubian villages and encounter friendly Sudanese people eager to meet you. 

During our Sudan travel experience we will visit the impressive ruins of Meroitic and Christian Kingdoms of the North. Additionally the tour visits Pharoanic and Ottoman castles, tombs, pyramids and temples. 

Be one of the few visitors to connect with this richly rewarding culture in its authentic nature.

Travel to Sudan on one of our fabulous small group Sudan tours.

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what our clients say

Isabelle and roger, brussels.

What can I say? Only one thing: thank you for your organization in giving us a beautiful trip. Your partner and staff in Sudan were all very nice, competent and helpful. We discovered many archaeological sites and had many contacts with local people. Our wishes became a reality.

It was a wonderful trip! I have traveled all over the world, and this trip was one of the most relaxing and pleasant trip that I have ever been on. Waleed was very gracious, Moez was a great guide, and Yasser was a fantastic cook! I look forward to booking another trip with you to some far off destination.

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Lendi Travel is proud to offer distinctive custom itineraries to help you experience the variety of cultures in this diverse region, with its unique customs, houses, languages and religion. The north of Sudan, the land of Nubia, is our new exciting destination. Mother Nature and ancient civilizations together have crafted a magical, inspiring place like no other. While other global destinations march toward homogenization, Nubia inches along on its own timeless path. This will be an adventure like no other. Read More…

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Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe

Lendi Travel is a pioneering leader in the adventure travel to Sudan, your reliable DMC, dedicated to bringing you innovative and active travel experiences for more than 12 years. Specializing in small or big groups, safaris, family adventure vacations, honeymoon adventures, and personalized custom adventure travel & conventions organizing. We invite you to join us.

Choose your tour.

Nubia & Sudan Expedition – 13 Days

The Land Of Kush & Soleb Extension – 10 Days

The Land Of Kush – 9 Days

Nubia & Desert Secrets Of Sudan – 17 Days

Land of Kush, Red Sea & Kassala – 14 Days

Old Dongola Christian Site, Ancient Napata, Meroe – 7 Days

Khartoum & Meroe Pyramids – 3 Days

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Client Comments

At lendi travel, we know how important it is to know more about the local tour operator you travel with. we publish all our travelers’ feedback, so you can read what they have said about us., rafał sikorski, dear walled, i would like to thank you and your staff for great customer service, hospitality and professional handling my group it was a great job: you, your drivers, guides and cook of course. jacek and other client told me about the trip, no complains, just lack of water in the hotel upon arrival was an unpleasant experience but it had no impact. i hope your staff was pleasant as well form the trip. next trip to sudan with you., angela & david, thank you for organizing such a great trip for us. we really enjoyed meeting you and appreciated all the heart, care and concern you put into organizing the best trips for your clients. it was a privilege to see and enjoy your beautiful country. we will do our very best to share positive stories and reflections on sudan with everyone, but most particularly the americans we meet. thanks again waleed your enthusiasm, generosity and hospitality was greatly appreciated..

By New York, USA

We are both back in Moscow now; just wanted to say a big thank you for putting together such a wonderful trip for us; Sudan was very different from anywhere I have ever been before!!

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A guide for traveling to Sudan: Itinerary + Travel tips

By Joan Torres 86 Comments Last updated on April 12, 2024

The streets were dusty and unpaved but it was the month of December, so a slight winter breeze produced a pleasant feeling. I felt like wandering around some villages settled along the Nile River, the shore of which is so fertile that, for a moment, I forgot that I was in the middle of the desert.

I desperately wanted to continue my journey to some villages located a few kilometers away, but the modest smiles, kindness, and hospitality of the Sudanese were blocking my way, as I was forced to have some tea every couple of meters.

The different smells and the women’s colorful dresses made me think that I was at the heart of the African continent but the sweets, sand dunes, camels and Arabic language, which is the official language in the country, invited me to believe that, perhaps, I was in the Middle East instead.

I went up to the top of a dune, from where, very thoughtful, I observed those incredible, off the beaten track pyramid ruins.

Welcome to Sudan, the land where, finally, the Middle East meets beautiful Africa

This guide for traveling to Sudan contains everything you need to know, including a complete 2-week itinerary, and tips regarding transportation, accommodation, visas and much more!

In this Sudan travel guide you will find:

Table of Contents

• Quick travel tips
• Travel insurance for Sudan
• Books for traveling to Sudan
• Transportation in Sudan
• Money – How much does it cost?
• Sudan is an off the beaten track place
• A 2-week travel itinerary
• More Information

eSIM card for browsing when traveling in Sudan

With Holafly , you can now get an electronic SIM card for Sudan from home with just 2 clicks.

5% discount with the following code:

AGAINSTTHECOMPASS

💡 Sudan travel guide – Quick useful tips for traveling to Sudan

Best time to travel to Sudan –   Sudan is one of the hottest countries in the world . If you really want to enjoy your trip to Sudan, you must go in winter, from November to February. The rest of the year, the heat is just unbearable, especially in summer. I went there in December and, at noon, the temperature reached over 34ºC. 

Is it safe to travel to Sudan? – With one of the lowest crime rates in the world today, the tourist part of Sudan is one of the safest areas in Africa. However, there are tribal conflicts in Darfur province (west) and near the border with South Sudan. This violence is quite far from the touristic routes and, in the unlikely event that you managed to get close to there, the violence would never target foreigners. For further details, check out my article: Is it safe to travel to Sudan?

Language – Arabic is the official language. Nevertheless, like in any African country, Sudan is also home to several different ethnicities who speak their own local language, as well. Basic English is spoken by a significant part of the population, especially those with a higher level of education. Communicating with people, as well as asking for directions, doesn’t impose any real problems when traveling in Sudan.

How to get there – Most people travel to Sudan overland, either from Egypt or Ethiopia. By plane, people tend to come from Cairo, Doha, Dubai or Addis Ababa. I entered Sudan from Egypt. For further information, check out my post: How to cross from Egypt to Sudan overland

🪪 Visa for traveling to Sudan

You can get a visa in your home country, in Addis Ababa (capital of Ethiopia) and in Cairo and Aswan, Egypt. I got my visa in Aswan, a city located very close to the Sudanese border.

Once you are in Sudan, you also need to register and complete a few bureaucratic steps. 

For further details, check out my article: How to get a visa for Sudan

🚑 Travel Insurance for Sudan

Because of the sanctions, few insurance providers cover travel in Sudan. The one which does, however, is IATI Insurance , and I also recommend it for these reasons:

• They have loads of different plans for all travelers: from families to budget backpackers
• Covers for up to 1 year trips, good for overlanding around Africa
• Readers of Against the Compass readers can get an  exclusive 5% discount

📚 Recommended books for traveling in Sudan

Sudan Travel Guide by Bradt –  I highly recommend buying the guide from Bradt, the best book guide about Sudan out there. Bradt Guides has the most insightful guides about the most off the beaten track destinations.

The Sudanese people

Traveling in Sudan is such an enriching experience, due to the multiple, endless interactions with people, whose kindness and hospitality are part of their culture, as much as their language is. Besides a couple of archaeological sites , Sudan lacks actual tourist sites. Sudan is about all the people with whom you’ll share uncountable cups of tea, coffee, meals and, occasionally, especially in small villages, you’ll be invited to stay at their houses.

By the way, be aware that, from a religious point of view, Sudan is a very conservative society , Sunni Islam being the main religion. If you really want to enjoy and experience people’s hospitality at its best, you should respect their habits and rules. Outside of Khartoum, you should always wear long pants. Never talk to women, unless spoken to first and, even if they talk to you, don’t dare take a picture of them, without asking for their permission, first. If you are a couple, say that you are married, even if you are not. Otherwise, they wouldn’t understand it, as in their society that would be unacceptable.

Read: A guide for traveling to Egypt (itinerary + tips)

🛫 Transportation when traveling to Sudan

Remember to get travel insurance for Sudan IATI Insurance is one of the very few that covers travel in Sudan + COVID-19 5% discount if purchasing via this link

Public transportation –  Traveling around Sudan by public transport is pretty straightforward. Every day, throughout the day, from all cities, there are local minivans going in all directions. Prices are quite low and they leave once they are full. By the way, roads are in very good condition. 

Private Jeep – Many travelers prefer to hire a driver with a private jeep. I met a few foreigners who were traveling this way and, if you can afford it, you should know that it is very convenient, as you can visit many ruins which are very deep into the desert.

Hitchhiking – Very easy to hitch a ride.  Furthermore, since there’s practically only one road going in each direction, finding a vehicle going in the same direction as you is quite simple. 

Read: How to visit the Nubian pyramids of Sudan

💻 Internet and connectivity in Sudan

Internet – Since internet connection is practically non-existent, in Sudan, it’s advisable to plan your trip ahead. On several occasions, I wasn’t able to connect and had some trouble finding a place or trying to remember the name of a hotel. Outside the capital, especially in the north, Wi-Fi doesn’t exist and the only way to connect is through a SIM card, which works terribly slowly, meaning that you’ll barely be able to browse anything.

Khartoum is the only place where 3G works OK. Update February 2018 : According to Patrick from German Backpacker , 3G has improved, at least if you get an MTN Sim Card.

SIM Cards – They are sold everywhere. If you say you want a SIM Card, they might not understand you, so you should say: Shariha Sudani . A card should cost 5SDG, with a few calls. You need pay extra for having internet. There are several phone companies like  (Zain, MTN, and Sudantel), all of them offering different packages, always pretty cheap. MTN seems to be the most reliable one. Registration with your passport is always necessary.

eSIM for browsing, calling and traveling in Sudan

Basically, an eSIM is a regular SIM card with a digital format that works like a normal physical SIM card, with the added benefit that you can buy it from home before the beginning of your trip, hence avoiding the hassle of buying it at your destination. 

With Holafly , you can get a SIM Card for a wide range of destinations, including Sudan . 

Moreover, you can benefit from a 5% discount with the following code:  AGAINSTTHECOMPASS

Get a VPN for traveling in Sudan

You should always use a VPN when you travel, especially when you connect to public Wi-Fi networks.

Your connection will be much safer. 

Moreover, you will be able to access content which is typically censored in Sudan. 

I recommend ExpressVPN – Extremely easy to use, fast and cheap. 

If you want to learn more about VPN, check: Why you need a VPN for traveling .

💰 Money – How much does backpacking in Sudan cost?

Currency exchange.

Don’t exchange money at banks or official exchange offices.

Officially, the exchange rate is approximately:

1USD = 587 SDG

However, on the black market, in February 2018, the exchange rate was  1USD = 30SDG . You should always change on the black market. It’s better you change your money in Wadi Halfa, Khartoum or Sawakin, as you may have some troubles in exchanging money in the rest of the towns.

Please note that the exchange rate in Sudan is crazy and it keeps devaluating constantly. Prices provided in the following guide are correct in local currency but the USD exchange rate I provide may not be accurate.

Typical costs of backpacking in Sudan

In Sudan, one could easily travel for less than $20 a day. These are some of the most typical costs.

Note – I am using the USD/SDG exchange rate used on the black market.

Accommodation

Hostels – Dorms cost around 25SDG. Be aware that these aren’t hostels aimed at foreigners or backpackers but local Sudanese. They are extremely cheap but not very clean, unfortunately. 

Hotels – Mid-range hotels, where the Sudanese middle class stays, cost something between 100SDG and 175SDG.

A meal of foul costs 25SDG. If you order chicken, your bill would increase to 40-50SDG. A one-liter bottle of water costs 3SDG, whereas a cup of coffee costs 5SDG.

Transportation

These are the prices of some of the bus journeys I took:

Wadi Halfa to Abri (180km): 60SDG Abri to Dongola (230km): 80SDG Abri to Karima (200km): 60SDG

🍲 Sudanese food

Unfortunately, the food is not the highlight of backpacking in Sudan. Foul , which is a sort of black bean soup with plenty of peanut oil, is the national dish and what you are going to eat every day, to the extent that you will really get sick of it! If you are lucky, surprisingly, in some places, they add some sort of local cheese on top of it. One piece of advice. When your order foul , tell the waiter: ” Mafi Zed ”, which means ”without oil”. 

Furthermore, in some places, grilled barbecue chicken can be found. Additionally, some restaurants in villages close to the Nile, also serve fried fish but, the day I ordered it, I saw that they had all the fish piled up in a dirty cupboard, without any sort of protection. For breakfast, it is relatively easy to find boiled eggs, accompanied by the delicious and strong Arabic coffee.

In Khartoum and Port Sudan, you can find a greater variety of food, including Western meals.

Read: Egypt off the beaten track

🤔 Should you travel to Sudan? A real off the beaten track destination

Before backpacking in Sudan, you should know that this a real off the beaten track destination where tourism infrastructure is not even in an embryonic stage. Most of the country lacks tourist hotels and most restaurants are just simple shacks with very poor hygiene conditions. Internet connection is practically non-existent and you’ll barely meet other travelers or backpackers. My point is that, whereas Sudan is an unforgettable experience, this is not a country for beginner backpackers.

📍 Sudan Travel Guide – Ultimate Sudan itinerary

This Sudan itinerary goes from the north (Wadi Halfa, Egyptian border) to the south (Sawakin, Ethiopian border), with a few detours to the Red Sea (Port Sudan) and the border with Eritrea (Kassala).

I was in Sudan a little longer than two weeks, entering from Egypt and ending my trip in Khartoum. I would say that 85% of the most interesting sites in the country are located between these two points and, if you manage your time well, you can easily visit these places in just two weeks . Unfortunately, I didn’t have time to visit Kassala and Port Sudan. If you want to visit them, you should add at least one extra week or ten days to your itinerary. 

2 weeks Sudan itinerary

Abri and the nubian villages, soleb temple.

• Meroë / Shendi
• Naqa and Musawwarat es-Sufra
• Omdurman (Sufi dancing and the camel market)

Extending your Sudan itinerary

Map of the things to do in sudan.

If you come from Egypt, Wadi Halfa will be your first point of contact with Sudanese society. This small town doesn’t have anything interesting to offer travelers but you will have to spend your first night here, exchange some money and, basically, chill out for a bit after your hectic journey from Egypt. By the way, bear in mind that, unless you come from Egypt, it doesn’t make a lot of sense to visit Wadi Halfa, as this is a mere border city.

Where to stay in Wadi Halfa  – There are an endless number of basic hotels targeting local people coming from Egypt. Usually, these hotels offer rooms with five beds at 20-25SDG ($0.80 – $1.04). I stayed in Aleen Halfa . Be aware that these hotels are not very clean. Welcome to Sudan.

Read: How to cross from Egypt to Sudan overland

The Nubians, one of the most ancient civilizations in Africa, are an ethnic group which originated in present-day Egypt and Sudan. The Nubians have a long history that dates back to the Egyptian pharaohs and they ruled Egypt during the 8th century B.C. The Nubians have strong cultural differences, identified in their literature, music and poetry, and they speak their own language, which, even though it’s hard to imagine, is a non-written language. Today, Nubian people live spread across southern Egypt and northern Sudan, established on the shores of the Nile river.

Abri is the main town and the perfect base from where to explore the villages around the area. You should just follow the river, hopping from village to village, through the foul and palm plantations. In my experience, Nubians are the most hospitable people in the country. Visiting those villages was the highlight of my trip to Sudan, not only because of people’s kindness but also, because of the landscape, as you see beautiful, large green fields flourishing in the middle of the desert, thanks to the fast-flowing river.

For more information, read: Tales of the Nubian people in Sudan

Where to stay in Abri – Megzoub Guest House – Definitely, this is the best guest house in Sudan. Megzoub is a great, wise man who offers double and single rooms with pretty clean toilets. However, his prices are quite high, compared to the country average. His rate may start at 250SDG ($10) but you could easily bring it down 100SDG ($4.10), at least for me and a friend who was there recently. You can contact Megzoub by calling any of his phone numbers: +249122886586 and +249911220984.

How to get to Abri from Wadi Halfa – There are minivans which leave at every hour, starting from quite early in the morning. Price: 60SDG ($2.50)

One of the most well-preserved ruins in the country and, founded by Amenhotep II, Soleb temple was built to worship Amun-Ra. It is claimed that the architect might have been Amenhotep, son of Apu, whose mortuary temple can be found in Luxor . Soleb is located halfway to Dongola (the next destination after Abri). You could visit it on a day trip from Abri or on your way to Dongola

How to get from Soleb to Abri – Soleb is 50km from Abri. Megzoub, the owner of the guest house in Abri, can take you there in his car for 400SDG ($17, round trip). On the other hand, if you want to go by yourself, you should take a mini-van to Wawa. The temple is located on an island in the middle of the river. You can only get there by boat but there are local fishermen who can take you there cheaply. One-way bus ticket to Wawa is 20SDG costs ($0.80) and entering the temple 60SDG ($2.50).

Dongola is a city which does not have much to offer the traveler. However, if you are heading from Abri to Karima, probably, you will probably have to spend one night here, as there is no direct transport and the minivan service that runs from Dongola to Karima doesn’t run until very late. In this city, there’s not much to do besides wandering around the main bazaar, eating grilled chicken and socializing with the locals.

Note that there is no direct transportation from Abri to Karima but you can get a direct bus from Wadi Halfa to Karima, without stopping in Dongola.

Where to stay in Dongola – Alnuallem  is the only good hotel in the city. It offers double rooms at 175SDG ($7.30). These are the coordinates: 19.172898 30.468067.

How to get to Dongola from Abri – There are frequent minivans, being the last one leaves at around 5 or 6 pm, but you should double check with Megzoub.  Price: 80SDG ($3.30).

Welcome to one of the most touristic spots in Sudan and where, probably, you’ll meet the first bunch of travelers (if you are coming from Egypt). Karima is a lovely area which is famous for being home to three of the most important archaeological sites in Sudan, containing a large number of Nubian pyramids, some of them in very good condition. The best about it is that you might have the pyramids just to yourself.

• Jebel Barkal : The best-preserved group of pyramids and the site surrounded by the prettiest nature.
• Nuri:  The pyramids from this site are in a deplorable state but that’s the beauty of them.
• Al-Kurru:  Almost completely destroyed, as the locals took the stones to build their houses

For more information about the pyramids, read: How to visit the Nubian pyramids in Sudan

Where to stay in Karima – I stayed in Al-Nassr , a very simple hotel frequented by Sudanese. Price can be negotiated but I paid 100SDG ($4.10) for a double room with private bathroom. Update: In 2018, travelers are already paying 150SDG.   Another alternative would be a fancy guest house called Nubian Rest House , which has double semi-luxury rooms. However, I heard that they are now charging $220 for just one night. They are crazy and target people who travel on a tour. In the Nubian pyramids article I wrote, I provide further details about the location.

How to get to Karima from Dongola – The minivans leave from the morning, but as very few locals use that route, you might have to wait for a while until the bus is full. Price: 60SDG ($2.50).

Shendi is just a small, unattractive town which you can use as a base to visit the pyramids of Meroë . The most interesting part of Shendi is its lively bazaar.

How to get from Karima to Shendi –  To get there from Karima, you should first take a minivan to Atbara. They leave early in the morning and cost 130SDG ($5.40) for a 3-hour journey. From there, you can catch a 2-hour big bus to Shendi for 50SDG ($2.10). Alternatively, you could get off on the road, before getting to Atbara and hitchhike from there. That’s what I did.

Where to stay in Shendi – I didn’t stay but there’s a local hotel called El Kawther (16.696079, 33.424961), which is supposed to be good. Alternatively, you can also stay in a kind of apartment, which is close to where the bus dropped you, 50 meters from the green mosque. There’s no sign but it’s a pink building with many water tanks on top. It has fully furnished, 2-room apartments with fridge, TV, stove and pots. It costs around $10 per night, which can be split by several people.

The only proper touristy place, meaning that here you’ll find an archaeological site surrounded by a fence where they charge an entrance fee and there are locals selling souvenirs. The royal cemetery of Meroë is composed of 100 narrow pyramids spread across a vast desert of orange sand dunes. Most of them are quite well-preserved and, at the end of 2016, the site was still under restoration. Ticket price varies and it will depend on your negotiation skills. For more information, read:  How to visit the Nubian pyramids of Sudan

How to get to Meroë from Karima – The ruins of Meroë are located right next to the road, meaning that there is no direct bus going there. If you come straight from Karima, follow the same route as going to Shendi but get off 50km before. If you want to go from Shendi, take a bus to Kabushiya and then, you can easily hitchhike the remaining few kilometers.

Where to stay in Meroë -You have 5 options. First , you could stay in Khartoum and come to Meroë on a day trip, which is what most travelers do. Second , as I mentioned previously, you could stay in Shendi. Third , there are several resting places along the road between Atbara and Shendi, where the truck drivers spend the night for as little as 5SDG ($0.30). Basically, they have a bunch of deck chairs placed outside. I stayed here 🙂 Fourth , you may stay at the Meroe Tented Camp, which is a desert camp with relatively luxurious tents. They used to ask $42 for one night but, according to Patrick from German Backpacker , they now ask for $190. They are just crazy and, clearly, not targeting backpackers. And fifth , you could just set up your own tent among the dunes!

Naqa and Musawwarat es-Sufra

The most off the beaten track Nubian temples in the world, Naqa and Musawwarat es-Sufra are located in the middle of the desert, several kilometers away from the road. Getting there is a bit tricky as there are no signs and you need to go over sand dunes.

A traveler claimed that he went there on a small, normal car but you need a really good driver and, definitely, it’s better to go there on a 4×4.

From Khartoum, the price would oscillate something between $100 and $150. It’s quite expensive.

Alternatively, in Shendi, which is the closest town to the temples, you could look for a 4×4 owner and ask this person to take you there. The cost would be significantly lower than from Khartoum. Andy, the same traveler who went there on a small car, said that he got a car for 400SDG ($20). He visited Naqa but, when he arrived in Mussawarat, they wanted to charge him $20 for visiting it and bargaining was not possible. Be aware of this.

Located very close to the capital, Omdurman is a city that has very little interest but is famous for having some of the most popular events among tourists:

Sufi dancing – Sufism is the mystical or spiritual branch of Islam. Their faith is not based on logic but on revelation. They are those Sunni Muslims who perform a spiritual dance while they get high on drugs. This psychedelic dancing takes place on Friday afternoons. Where? In Hamid El-Nil Mosque . You’ll be definitely meeting other tourists. For more information, check out this amazing photo essay from the  Candy Trail travel blog.

The camel market – Personally, I didn’t go there, as I’ve seen several camel markets in the Middle East before, but if you’ve never seen more than 2,000 camels gathered all together, I am sure you are gonna love this one. How to get there? First of all, take a bus to Omdurman (either from Shendi or Khartoum). In Khartoum, buses depart from Al Araby bus station. The bus will drop you off at the main souk. From there, you should take another bus to Souk Libya (7km). Once in Souk Libya , take the last bus to Moelih, the actual camel market. You’ll know where it is because everybody else will get off there.

The capital Khartoum

If you come from Egypt, you should arrive in Khartoum in two weeks, approximately. Khartoum is a city in which to rest and eat something different from foul  and grilled chicken. Honestly, there’s not much to do besides visiting the confluence of both the Blue and White Niles. In Khartoum, one can have fun just wandering around the endless souks and hanging out with the locals. By the way, if you want to hang out in a nice hotel, Corinthia Hotel, the best one in town, has the best internet and you can spend as much time as you want in the reception area.

For more information, read: 24 hours in Khartoum

How to get to Khartoum – Al Araby is one of the main bus stations in Khartoum. From here, buses come and go in all directions. From Shendi, you can take a bus for 20SDG ($0.80). 4 hours, with traffic.

Where to stay in Khartoum – Couchsurfing is easy in Khartoum but also, there’s a hostel called Hostelling International Khartoum. These are the coordinates:  15.591484, 32.539680. There’s also a camping area next to the river, situated very close to the confluence of the Nile. It’s called Blue Nile Sailing Club. These are the coordinates:  15.611694, 32.534409

The following places (Port Said, Suakin and Kassala) are amazing to visit. However, you should add at least one week or 10 extra days to the previous two-week itinerary.

Located at the border with Eritrea, Kassala is a city that lies at the foot of a beautiful peak belonging to the Taka Mountains. In Kassala you will find a large number of different ethnicities, including Beja and Rashadia . An interesting spice souk, plenty of colors and meeting different kinds of people are the things that make Kassala become a unique place. By the way, most likely, you’ll be the only foreigner wandering around this area.

For more information, check out this awesome photo essay from Candy Trail Travel Blog.

Port Said and Suakin

Located on the Red Sea, almost 800km from Khartoum, these two cities are, geographically, culturally and architecturally, quite different from the rest of Sudan.

Suakin –  With a peculiar architecture that dates back to the 19th century, Suakin was an important place during the Ottoman Empire, as it was the center of slavery exportation and where Muslims left from on their pilgrimage to Mecca. Today, the Turkish government is investing some efforts in restoring the buildings. Where to stay? There are a few hotels but, apparently, some of them might tell you that foreigners are not allowed to stay in Suakin. You can try but, if you want to be more comfortable, I suggest you go to Port Sudan, located just 60km away.

Port Sudan –  Port Sudan is the place where you want to go if you wish to disconnect from the desert and swim in the bluest water. This is most cosmopolitan city in the country, as well as the cleanest. Where to stay? There is one expensive hotel called Coral on the Corniche. If you want something very cheap and basic, you can stay at Hotel Boheine (19.6118533, 37.2208425), near the sea, or at Hotel Alatoun (19.612733,37.213873), near the souk.

By the way, like its neighbor Egypt, the Red Sea in Sudan is home really impressive corals, so here you can do some of the best snorkeling  and diving ever.

How to get to Port Sudan and Suakin? – From Khartoum, there are direct buses but you could also go from Atbara, the city where you took a second bus, on your way from Karima to Meroë.

❗ More information for traveling to Sudan

📢 In my Travel Resources Page you can find the list of all the sites and services I use to book hotels, tours, travel insurance and more.

All guides and articles for traveling in Sudan destination

• Tales of Nubian People
• Travel Guide to Nubian Pyramids
• Is Sudan Safe?
• Solo Female Travel Guide to Sudan
• Visa Guide for Sudan

Travel guides to other countries in Africa

• Ethiopia Travel Guide
• Eritrea Travel Guide
• Somaliland Travel Guide
• Travel Guide to Egypt
• Libya Travel Guide
• Mali Travel Guide
• Travel Guide to Mauritania
• Tunisia Travel Guide

86 comments

Excellent review. Stunned how the crime rates in tourist areas are among the lowest on earth. The US State Department never reported that one. Meanwhile, driving through the West End of my hometown in the States I am likely to get popped after dark. Crazy stuff. I met 2 young awesome South Sudanese kids recently who moved to the USA to play high school basketball. Both landed scholarships to prestigious Tulane University. What niche kids, embodying the generous spirit of the Sudanese people.

Thanks for sharing 🙂

Hey Ryan, thanks for your refreshing comment. I’m really happy to hear that there are Sudanese kids who get scholarships for studying abroad. The youngest country in the world is going through quite a lot of struggles and it’s good to know that some its citizens get opportunities like this one. Cheers mate,

Very interesting and useful article about a destination that not many people visit! I bet you didn’t see many tourists around you 🙂 Loved the photos too btw.

Hey, Cinthya! I just saw a few backpackers and 4 or 5 old couples traveling with a private guide. That’s it!

Hey! Thanks for a ridiculously good guide which eased some of my concerns. Reading your take on it, it seems similar to the experience of travelling around Iran without an escort (outside of the large cities) and I would do anything to have more similar experiences.

As I understand it, it has the same situation with ATMs and currency exchange as well. Can I assume the black market is merely people hanging out at some spot holding calculators, or is the set up different? Will they accept Egyptian pounds at the same advantageous rate? Is it possible to exchange on the Egyptian side and/or in intermediate cities as well? Grateful for any questions answered!

Hey mate, hope you are all right. I assume you are coming from Egypt then? Right after crossing the border, the first people you’ll meet will be locals trying to exchange your currency. Yes, they accept Egyptian Pounds. To be honest, I didn’t exchange with them, as I thought I would find a better rate in Wadi Halfa, the next city. But actually, their rate was almost, as good as the one in the city, so you can exchange your EGP with them, and exchange your USD or € in Wadi Halfa. In Wadi Halfa, there are no people hanging around with tons of bills and calculators but you need to ask at the different shops, to see who is willing to exchange your cash. Don’t worry, they love foreign currency so it’s fairly easy to find them.

Much appreciated! Yes, from the Egyptian border. I wanted to visit Ethiopia, but I dislike to fly as there is so much you miss in between. Therefore, I was more than happy to see that Sudan is not only an alternative but a seemingly interesting destination. Thanks again and good luck on your next trip!

Your welcome and all the best!

Hi Joan, This is a great site, thanks. My girlfriend and I are in Aswan waiting to collect Sudan visas. We were wondering if you can register in Abri rather than Wadi Halfa as we are hoping to go straight there. Did you hear of any option like this? Cheers Tim

Hi, Tim! No, you can’t, unfortunately. If you didn’t do it in Wadi Halfa, you will have to do it in Dongola. But anyways, if you come by public transport, you can’t go straight to Abri but you have to spend the night in Wadi Halfa. The bus will arrive in Wadi Halfa pretty late and even the drivers always spend the night there. The people that go straight to Khartoum also must spend the night there. You can register in Wadi Halfa in the morning and then go to Abri. That’s what I did. Good luck!

This article just saved my life lol. Thank you so so much. Amazing information.

Glad it did 🙂

Hi Joan, Thanks for the excellent guide! I share your experience that the Sudanese people are some of the warmest I’ve come across. One thing though. Officially it is required – or at least it was required when I was there in 2011 – to aquire permits if visiting sites including the pyramids. Has this changed or do you simply consider there to be no need for permits? I didn’t aquire any when I was there, but on my way to Meroe I were asked for them at a checkpoint. I was told to turn around but after some discussion I was allowed to continue to the next city (supposedly to get a bus back to Khartoum). Since the bus driver couldn’t care less about permits he let me off at the pyramids which were amazing 🙂

On a side note: Sudan has some of the best diving in the Red sea, which one could argue to be the main draw for tourism in the country…

Hey Mattis! That’s surprising that you needed permits to visit the pyramids. I am pretty sure that you don’t need them anymore. No one asked me for any permit and didn’t meet any tourist who had an issue with that!

Yeah, I also heard that Sudan has very good divings. I don’t dive myself but perhaps I should include it in the guide. Thanks for the reco, cheers!

Thanks, hopefully there’s no need! I may have been mistaken in saying that they are needed for the pyramids per se – I could confuse them with the photography permit that you needed to take photos in the country in general. Though I’m also unsure whether that is gone now, I never applied for it.

Well there’s probably not much to be said about the diving guide-wise, since it’s all liveaboard diving and the majority of the boats start in Egypt. While I did meet a guy who jumped on our boat last minute, I think this is an exception to the rule of booking ahead. Cheers

Hi Mattis and Joan. Unfortunately there is a need for a travel permit to see the pyramids and probably going anywhere from Khartoum. My girlfriend and I were stopped on the way a few days ago and made to get a bus back to Khartoum cos we did not have one. We were ok coming from the north all the way down to the capital though. The travel permit and photo permit are the same form. It is free to get at the Ministry of Tourism, which can be found here: 15°35′52″N 32°34′37.52″E It is on Bashir Enefeidi Street, which is on the opposite side of the airport from downtown on the east side of the city. The office is on the second floor and a you’ll need a passport photo and copy of your passport and visa page. They are really nice there and have a photocopier and can make you copies of the permit to give to police at checkpoints. It takes about ten minutes and you can list all the places you want to visit and take photos.

Thanks for your feedback man!

However, you were not asked a pyramid permit. You were asked a travel permit which is required for anyone leaving Khartoum. If you enter from Egypt or Ethiopia and you don’t pass by Khartoum, there is no need to have this permit. Also, if your final destination is Khartoum, which means that you don’t leave the city, you don’t need the permit either.

In my Sudan visa article, I was explaining this process which you also explained very well: https://againstthecompass.com/en/visa-for-sudan/

I know. It’s a non-sense law.

Ah ok. Then no. Apart from the travel permit there was no need any other separate permit for the pyramid that we could see and we were not asked for one. Careful at the pyramid entrance they tried to charge SDG270 each or $20. But stand your ground and tell them it is 100 each.

Hello Joan. I was wondering where you went after Sudan. Did you fly home? If so did you manage to find a cheap international flight? What do you think is the best way to get back to Europe from this part of the world?

Hi Emily, apologies for my late reply. I flew from Khartoum to Spain with Qatar Airlines and, as far as I can remember, it was pretty cheap!

Hi Joan I am looking to cross from eygpt into Sudan in October as a solo female. Did u experience any issues along the way or did you feel relatively safe

Hi! From a safety point of view, there is no problem at all. From a comfort point of view, it’s a fucked up journey :p But there are plenty of Sudanese women who will be more than happy to have a chat with you, you will have fun 🙂

Well, I’m a man. If you are a man, things are different

Tim, Joan, Albeit a bit late but thank you for the information! Best

Hello Joan,

I might be travelling to Sudan for work. I really liked your blog and posts related to your trip in Sudan. You give another perspective than what most embassies and newspaper give. May I ask you when did you go there? Things change fast there and it possible that the atmosphere today or next month are not the same as when you were there.

Thanks a lot in advance!

Hi Luna, I traveled there in December 2016. Yes, things change fast in Sudan but I wouls say that they change to good, as tourism is increasing day by day. Cheers 🙂

Thank you for sharing, I found very useful info here, I was delighted to find this web site. This is an incredibly inspiring story, I love it!

Hi Joan, excellent helpful review. Can you tell me briefly what clothing you would recommend for female travelers in Sudan? Thanks, Terry

Hello. I just published this article, which definitely answers your question 🙂 https://againstthecompass.com/en/visit-sudan-female-traveler/

Thanks for the source of information. I went Aswan (200 egp with ferry from Abu Simbel) – > Wadi Halfa (150 SDG minivan) – > Dongola (70 SDG bus that was going to Atbara) – > Karima (130 SDG minivan then 50 SDG bus from Atbara) – > Meroe Pyramids (15 SDG truck to Shendi and 70 SDG bus) – > Khartoum and going Ethiopia soon, which supposedly is 270 SDG to the border. Did not bargain any transport.

Seems like you have kept updating things well. The SDG just had a hell of a week and the government seems to try stabilize it again. But we got 24 per USD and 1.35 per EGP (did not bargain this one) in Wadi Halfa last week. Which at the time made changing into USD first pointless and perhaps even a loss, but it has been crazy.

Sleeping in the desert by the pyramids is fine as well, even without a tent. Got a bit chilly due to the wind around 3 AM or so but better than superheated rooms with mosquitoes. Although I did have a beetle roll a ball of shit up to me. We asked to get off at “Bayyarawaya” or some similar pronounciation. Use it in combination with Haram (which means Pyramid in Arabic, but also “religiously forbidden” depending on pronounciation). Saying Meroe just confused them as there is a town opposite Karima named such.

Did registration overdue at the airport for 535 SDG, less than 20 minutes work and the airport is so central. Didn’t even give them photos but they charged me 5 SDG to copy passport and visa.

Youth Hostel in Khartoum is 70 SDG per night atm in dorm and they can give you a paper to help in the registration, but I don’t know if it changed anything.

I HIGHLY recommend taking busses and not minivans if you are even remotely tall or value space. Unfortunately not always available and more of a point to point form of transportation.

When it comes to food, I never had foul as expensive as 25 SDG, outrageous! :] Always hovering around 15 and often satisfying two people. And those 5 SDG falafel sandwiches sure could use some vegetables or sauce added to it…

So here are some ramblings from me. But all you already have here is more than sufficient to navigate Sudan and feel somewhat confident in doing so. Thanks!

Hey, thank you so much for this trip report! Really appreciate it 🙂 Good to know that this currency devaluation won’t last for long. I will keep an eye on it! Also didn’t know that you could register at the airport. Enjoy Ethiopia 🙂

The information is good. However, fuul is not the national dish – although it is eaten frequently (maybe a sandwich in the western world is a suitable comparison). Aseeda or kisra would be considered as more of a national dish. They will put a sauce over it such as tagiliya (closest comparison I can give is bolognese) or bamiya (gloopy okra based). There are other sauces, including a kind of chicken curry but I don’t know the names of these. I think it is a bit of a misconception that it is not possible to get good food – although it can be difficult as a tourist unless you have a local to help or speak Arabic. Often the best food is in peoples homes rather than restaurants.

Hi James, I am so jealous that you tried this dish! Yes, I fully agree that, in this part of the world, best meals are ALWAYS eaten at home, so in Egypt and many other Arab countries 🙂

Dear Joantow,

I visirde Port Sudan end of December.

There is only the expensive top hotel Coral on the corniche (avenue along the coast). Stayed in Boheine hotel at 450 sdg (19.6118533, 37.2208425) near the sea. Also at Alatoun ( 19.612733,37.213873) near the souk. Both already basic.

Suakin was a disappointment. Only piles of coral stones remain on the island and two reconstructed mosques and the customs house. Lots of poverty and waste everywhere.

Best regards,

Thank you for this great, specific information Jozef. I have updated the guide accordingly 🙂

Dear Joantow, A short update from Khartoum. If you do not like the accomdation @ the Youth Hostel, in the same street about 100 meter west there’s affordable Kh2 hotel run by hospitable Khaled, who speaks fine English.

Omdurman heading public transport leaves from Jackson bus station west from the Train station. In Omdurman, you find Imam Al-Mahdi tomb at GPS code 15.639591, 32.488507, while Named Al-Neel tomb, where the sufi chanting/dance takes place can be found at GPs 15.625162, 33.464271.

Really helpful, thanks!

Are there any restrictions with regards to bringing cameras or drones into the country?

Hi Andrew, I have no idea about drones but cameras, you are supposed to get a camera permit but seriously, nobody asks for it… I didn’t get it and was my whole journey with a camera hanging from my shoulder.

Not sure if I posted this one before: I have an Egyptian-licensed car, and was told in Automobile Club in CAiro that I need a “Carnet de Passage” (called Tryptique now in Egypt) to cross to Sudan. It cost around US$150 (plus a bigger deposit) there. Is it recognized (useful) by Sudan? In the past I had the experience (in Syria) having bought this but not being recognized and having to buy again on the border. Or is it better I wait and buy it at the border? Is it cheaper there? Thanks, Michel

Hi Michel, sorry but I can’t help you with this as I don’t really know about this… I guess that the company should have experience in border crossings from other clients right? They should know that

Wonderful blog!Thanks for giving out the best.

First of all thank you very much for your information.

If you plan to update the Sudan part maybee you think about to mention that a Sudan visa has to be used max. 60 days after beeing issued. That is what different sources in the internet tell.

Hey Joan, I just wanted to thank you for the probably most amazing travel guide to Sudan out there. I’m planning on travelling there in winter and sure will use your great ideas for my trip. Cheers, Felix

Amazing man, thank you and have loads of fun there!

I have some Updates: THE TRAVEL PERMIT TO MOVE AROUND THE COUNTRY IS NOT LONGER NEEDED I red that at Lonely Planet Travelforum and I went to the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife in Karthoum and they also told me its not necessary anymore. 1$ at the black market was between 38 SGD in Wadi Halfa and three weeks later in Karthoum about 45 SGD ( July 2018)

Crossing Sudan to Egypt Overland: Bus from Wadi Halfa to Aswan 250 SGD 132 SGD leaving fee 130 Egyptian Pound Entering Fee (and 25$ for Visa on arrival)

Save travel!

Hi there! Apologies for my late reply but it is been some crazy days! I appreciate so much your updates and will update the post in a few days! Cheers!

This is excellent! I’d love to go but I’m terrified of the logistics once on the ground. And my fiancé is 6’4” and probably wouldn’t like the minibuses very much…

Also, in the first part of the article (before the list of destinations), you wrote Kalassa a couple times instead of Kassala. 🙂

Hi Sarah! Yes, to be very honest, Sudan involves a bit of hard-backpacking… However, I met quite a few people above 50 who were traveling with a private guide and absolutely loved it. Would you travel with a guide?

Thanks for the correction. I will change it right away!

Sarah, Just a quick response – I’ve been traveling in Sudan twice now (once with my girlfriend) and I am 6’33. Normal coaches (quite nice ones at that) are common on most major routes and I don’t find Sudan to be any worse than most other places in that regard. Granted the world does not seem to be built for my size but what do…

Thanks for some wonderful articles on your blog! I’m going to Sudan in about a month and a half after traveling through Egypt. I’m so excited and reading your few articles just makes me think I’ll have a great time off the grid.

I have one or two questions if you don’t mind 🙂

Did you sleep at some people’s house? Did you just have a sleeping bag for your whole trip? Do people ask money when you hitchhike? (although I don’t mind giving since they welcome me and i use their oil :D)

Thanks mate! Peter

Hi Peter, great to hear that you are going to Sudan! Here my replies: 1 – One day, a random house invitation. 2 – I always travel with a sleeping bag but didn’t use it there. Mine is too warm 3 – They never asked me for any money Cheers!

ihi great read thanks… one thing… i need to gett a visa from the UK to travel to sudan in January 2019 . Do you know anyone who can supply the letter of invitation?

Hi Paul, I suggest you contact any reasonably good hotel in Khartoum. They can help you with the LOI for an extra cost. Cheers,

A standard source is Hotel Acropole in Khartoum. Not a “backpacker” price, but pleasant place with owners very useful other bureaucratic tasks.

Many thanks for your replies. I will use the Acropole as they have been very helpful. cheers P

Thank you so much for some really great articles on your blog! I’m going to Sudan in november through Egypt. I’ve wanted to go for a long time, and your blog is what made me decide that its really is possible to do it! 😀

I just have a few questions if you don’t mind; Approximately how much money (dollars) do you think I need for lets say 3-4 weeks in Sudan travelling the same route as you did?? I dont really like to travel with a lots of cash but I understand its necessary. I´m planning to cross the border from Sudan to Ethiopia after, so I hope to change the rest of my SDG to Birr on the border.

If I understand correctly, you don’t need a photo permit anymore? I’m a photographer, planning to taking lots of pictures, in your experience how did most people react to this? I’m not looking for still pictures.. Travelled a lot in West African countries before, where it mostly were no problem.

Im travelling alone, anyone else travelling in Sudan in Nov-Dec of this year?? Or anyone with some extra tip, please share 🙂

Hi Victorya! I would say that a backpacking budget would never be higher than 20-30USD a day. As per the photo and travel permit, yes, it is not needed anymore according to quite a few travelers. As per the photos, everybody is pretty cool with that, except for some women. However, since you are also a woman, I am sure that it will be different.

FYI I will be there from the start of January and will be getting visa from somewhere in East Africa in Nov/Dec. Acropole Hotel has been brilliant and helpful.

Thanks for your blog! It was very usefull for my recent trip. The consulate in Aswan seems to stop issueing visas. Maybe even closed. End of September several people had to return to Cairo for visas. But looks like embassy in Cairo issues visas quickly and without LOI (although the cost is 150USD).

Crazy. Will need to update the article then. Thanks for the update 🙂

Yeah, I was lucky enough to find it out before and successfully got my visa (1 entry, 2 months, 50USD) in Moscow embassy without LOI, I did online bookings of a hotel and flight, that cancelled later. Seems sudanese facilitate visa issue process in general, so it would be usefull to contact a home or nearby embassy before going. I can confirm that you can jump from one bus to another on the border without paying extra, so I managed to reach Abri same day I left Egypt (Dongola could be possible as well, but I prefered to follow your route). Also it seems to be another bus Aswan – Khartoum via another road, but this case you skip Abu Simbel. Meroe, Naqa and Massawarat are also very easy from Khartoum for one day. You just need to start a journey from Khartoum early, buy a ticket to Atbara (not Shendi), take off next to pyramid site (I was there at 9am). After visit one you flag on the road to return to Shendi. In Shendi you can negotiate with a simple Hyundai taxi to go to Naqa and Massawarat, the road is not as awful, but quite hard. I paid 1000 pounds (20USD now) for all together. I didn’t return to Shendi (40 km back) and asked the driver to leave me at the check point next to the exit from the desert. The policemen helped me to hitchhike back to Khartoum as it was Saturday and all passing by buses where full.

Oh, the registration is possible at the border! After getting the entry stamp, the same officer will easily make a registration (it costs 540 pounds or so, a money changer sits opposite border control).

Man, you have done great at getting to Sudan. I always wanted to go there but due to me not be able to get a visa from Egypt, I had to leave it from my itinerary. I was so close in Aswan!

why you didn’t get it?

Hi guys Do you know about the situation in Sudan, I will be in Aswan soon and I wonder about the safety of a travel in Sudan.

your answers 🙂 https://againstthecompass.com/en/safe-travel-sudan/

Going to Ethiopia: Be as early as possible at al Qadarif. The bus station is big, confusing, in the middle of nowhere and English is not too common. I took a minibus to al Qadarif City. From the town a tuk tuk to a local bus station with minibuses to Gallabat. Both rides were pretty long. On the border are money changers. If you have real money they offer a better rate for ETB. Remember, in Ethiopia it is nearby impossible to change any Birr back to real money. I was told, on the Ethiopian side oft he border is a Hotel or something like this. Before noon are buses to Gondar.

The Visa Be ca. 7.30h at the embassy in Kartoum. They have a queue system. If there are to many applicants you will be sent away for the next morning. You can collect your visa the same day after 15 h. The validity oft he visa starts with the day of issue.

Going to Wadi Halfa The ferry from/to Abu Simbel does not operate on fridays.

I forgot. From Kartoum are buses to Gonder etc. Close to the Ethiopian embassy is a Ethiopian club. You will see the corresponding advertisments. As I came from Kassala this was no option to me.

hey joan, do you have any news from travellers who visited sudan since the unrests started last december? what do you think about going there now? i got my visa and planning to go there soon but only have informations from news outlets. thanks a lot! best wishes stefan

Honestly, nobody has told me anything about this topic but this usually means that the current unrests haven’t really affected any traveler

Hi I was there for 10 days in late January. There was armed guards on all street corners in central Khartoum, and even tanks near the nile bridges. I bumped into a ‘tourist policeman’ who accompanied me to the pryamids. He and the taxi driver wouldnt take me to omdurman souk on one day because of protests. Otherwise I had no trouble and Sudan was the most wonderful place. Prices are cheaper than chips and the people are so warm and friendly – probably some of the friendliest i met (i was going cape town to cairo) They bought me meals and wanted nothing in return. Clearly a state of emergency changes things somewhat but the people are great!

hi john, thanks for your message, good to read about your experiences. sounds like you had an epic trip travelling from capetown to cairo. all the best, stefan

cheers.. it was virtually the best three months of my life! everyone so friendly so much fun and not one bad day! This blog site helped alot re Sudan too.

great to hear paul (sorry for calling you john;). im looking forward a lot! hope youll be on the road again soon.

Just came back from the consulate in Aswan. Time to wait for the visa is 3 days without any explanation. They said a “sponsor” or booking is important. Not sure if they check it though. Fee is still 150$

thanks for the update!

Thanks for this great guide, which I used to research my bicycle trip through Egypt and Sudan in early 2020. Just barely made it home in March before they closed everything down! I really appreciated your detailed notes, especially about visiting the archaeological sites. Just wanted to mention that I stayed in Dongola at the Olla Hotel and it was actually one of my favorite towns in Sudan. The market area was one of the friendliest and most relaxing I found anywhere in Sudan.

Thanks, Alissa for sharing your experience and glad you made it home just in time 🙂

Is yellow fever vaccine certificate needed to visit Sudan? I found conflicting information online (CDC: Required for arriving travelers from all countries if traveler is ≥1 year of age; WHO: a yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for travellers aged 1 year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission). Thanks a lot!

I have never known much about vaccine requirements for each country. I have all exotic vaccines but not sure which one is needed for each country

Thank you Joan for an amazingly well made travel guide. It made us decide to go to Sudan without your contribution we wouldn’t have really known much about this country. The only issue for us, as experienced backpackers but on budget, is if Sudan is still a cheap destination since your trip in 2016: there is crazy inflation and almost all the updates you give are about prices going up wheter for visas, or for attractions, or for accomodations, we are starting to wonder what the total expanse now in 2023 is gonna sum up to.

I am planning to go there too, but the VISA is an issue seems the embassy requires TRAVEL AGENCY LETTER.. AND quote is easy over 2000 USD for 4 days.. it’s not making sense to go through that troubles.. i am a backpacker, i am still searching other way to get the visa and try to travel in reasonable budget …

here’s the latest update on how to get a visa for Sudan: https://againstthecompass.com/en/visa-for-sudan/

What´s your take on travel to Sudan now that the violence has spiraled out of control this month and the country is widely feared on the verge of civil war? I´ve always admired how you cover what many consider dicey or dangerous destinations in a measured, rational way. But surely even you would have to admit that Sudan now seems like a no go?

Hi David, I wouldn’t go to Sudan as of today, and I don’t think you can go there anyways.

Hi I liked the article. Just one quick thing ma fi literally means there is not bidun (بِدون) means without.

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Wild Junket

Sudan Travel Guide & Itinerary 2024

Last Updated on March 14, 2024

If you’re seeking to go off the beaten path, travel Sudan for a rewarding and surprising experience. Here is my detailed Sudan travel guide and itinerary.

Many have the misguided view of Sudan is like Egypt — but Sudan deserves more than that.

Sudan is irrefutably an African nation, albeit with a strong Arabic flavor. Thanks to its geographical location in East Central Africa, Sudan has a beautiful blend of African and Arab cultures. The country also has a rich and long history, as evident from its 200+ ancient pyramids. In fact, there are more pyramids here than in Egypt!

Before the independence of South Sudan in 2011, it was the largest country in Africa. Sudan’s diverse landscapes range from vast desert to volcanic massifs and lush river valley. Today it is an absolutely intriguing destination that has been unfortunately overlooked by many travelers. With this Sudan travel guide, I hope to inspire more people to travel to Sudan and uncover this secret destination.

Table of Contents

Visa for Sudan

Is it safe to travel sudan, how to travel to sudan, best time to travel sudan, 1 week in sudan: suggested itinerary, 2 weeks in sudan: recommended itinerary, travel sudan independently or book a tour, how to get around sudan, see the sufi dervish dance in omdurman, do a free day tour of khartoum, wander around the old dongola archaeological site, visit the remarkable qubbas of dongola, hike up jebel barkal, visit el kurru and nuri necropolis, see the spectacular meroe pyramids, see the best preserved temples at naqa, admire the mussawarat temples, get lost in the souks of kassala, khartoum: acropole hotel, khartoum: corinthia hotel, karima: karima nubian rest house, meroe: meroe safari camp, what to eat in sudan, cost of travel in sudan, internet and data in sudan, people of sudan, language in sudan, dressing in sudan, health in sudan, recommended sudan packing list:, things to know before traveling to sudan, enjoy your trip to sudan, sudan travel guide.

Most nationalities need a tourist visa to enter Sudan. You will need a letter of invitation (LOI) to apply for a visa at your nearest embassy. I received my LOI from a tour operator, Italian Tourism Company , and applied for my visa from the embassy in Netherlands. I paid €50 and got it in a week.

For those without a Sudanese embassy in your resident country, most tour operators can actually help you get a visa on arrival. My friend paid $100 for ITC’s service, and another $135 for his visa on arrival.

Once you are in Sudan, you need to register your visa within 3 days. This needs to be done at a Sudanese Police Office, though our tour guide took care of this for us. It’s no longer required to get a photography permit, but make sure you don’t photograph government buildings.

TIP: If you’ve got an Israeli stamp in your passport, you won’t be able to enter Sudan! The only way out is getting a new passport or using a second passport (if you’re one of those lucky few).

First of all, Darfur does not equate to Sudan. Yes, Darfur is still in conflict, but most of Sudan is actually calm and safe to visit.

The no-go zone is quite far from the main tourist attractions. I never once felt threatened or unsafe in Sudan, even as a female traveler (albeit traveling with a male friend). In fact, traveling in Sudan is hassle free and you won’t need to worry about tourist touts or haggling.

But be warned of the regular protests that take place in Khartoum. The day before I arrived, my friend actually witnessed a major protest going on near our hotel. There were teargas and gunshots, and it was all over the news. Thankfully it cleared completely the next day.

Khartoum International Airport (KRT) is the main gateway into Sudan. Most flights to Khartoum fly via Istanbul (Turkey), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) or Cairo (Egypt).

Egypt Air flies from Cairo to Khartoum regularly (2.5hours direct), and return flights cost around $400 return. Ethiopian Airlines flies from Addis Ababa to Khartoum (2hours direct), and return flights cost around $300 return.

Flights from New York to Khartoum cost around $900 return, on Turkish Airlines via Istanbul. The same airline also flies from London to Khartoum for around $600 return, with a stopover in Istanbul too.

Search for Flights to Sudan

The best time to travel Sudan is in winter (December to February) , when temperatures are comfortable for exploring and the risk of malaria is at its lowest. I wrote this Sudan travel guide based on my trip in March.

In winter, the desert climate causes a huge thermal change between day and night. Daytime temperature is around 77-86°F (25-30°C) and nighttime temperatures drop to around 40-53°F (5-12°C). Sudan can get extremely hot in summer (June to September), with temperatures soaring up to 113°F (45°C). It’s definitely not advisable to visit Sudan in summer.

The tourism season runs from October to April. The temperatures range from 86-100°F (30-38°C) in the day to 53-64°F (12-18°C) at night. From February to April, there may be lots of nimitti, small but extremely annoying flies.

How Much Time to Travel Sudan?

Before South Sudan gained independence from Sudan, it was the biggest country in Africa. You can imagine just how vast and extensive the country is.

We only spent 1 week in Sudan, but you can easily spend a month or more exploring different corners of the country. Most parts of Sudan are actually safe to visit, except for Darfur and the border with South Sudan.

In one week, you can still see and experience a lot in Sudan, especially the historical sites and deserts. I recommend focusing on Karima and Meroe, the two areas where you can visit plenty of ancient temples and pyramids.

• Day 1-3: Khartoum
• Day 4: Old Dongola
• Day 5: Jebel Barkal
• Day 6: Meroe Pyramids
• Day 7: Naqa and Mussawarat
• Day 4-6: Karima (Jebel Barkal & Old Dongola)
• Day 7-8: Meroe Pyramids
• Day 9: Naqa and Mussawarat
• Day 10-12: Kassala
• Day 13-14: Port Sudan

It is absolutely possible to travel Sudan independently, BUT it can be challenging to explore the harder-to-reach areas especially for solo female travelers. My friend and I opted for a guided tour, to spend more time in the deserts than cities.

We were very satisfied with our tour operator, the Italian Tourism Company . The company focuses on responsible tourism and hires only local staff and partners. The price was reasonable: our 6-day tour around the Nubian Desert and the best archaeological sites in Sudan cost around US$1150 (inc. all our accommodation, meals, entrance fees).

Our tour was great fun and we had an excellent itinerary. Our female guide, Dibar, was smart, capable and knowledgable. She’s known as the only female guide in Sudan. We really enjoyed her company and learning all about Sudanese history from her (She even quizzed us at the end of the trip which was super fun! I know, I’m such a geek.)

For those who want to travel Sudan independently, friends who have backpacked Sudan shared that bus travel between all major towns is fairly easy and comfortable.

In general, you can catch big coaches from one city to another. Bus travel is cheap (usually around 10 SDP for a 4 hour ride) and runs 7 days a week, although I’d advise starting out early in the morning if you have a way to go. Traffic in Khartoum is hectic, so be prepared to spend some time navigating the streets.

It’s quite affordable to grab a taxi by flagging one down or using the  app Tirhal . It’s like Uber, but only cash is accepted. It’s useful if you don’t speak Arabic.

Best Things to Do in Sudan

Located close to Khartoum, Omdurman is the old capital of Sudan and the old town is home to the famous Sufi dance. Every Friday, Sufi believers perform a spiritual dance at the Hamid El-Nil Mosque next to the cemetery. Sufism is the mystical or spiritual branch of Islam.

The hypnotic movements and psychedelic tunes made the ritual absolutely intriguing and entertaining. I also chatted with a few friendly local ladies who were eager to find out what I was doing in Sudan. It was an incredible experience and one that I highly recommend to all visitors.

Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, is boisterous and dusty, and traffic is a nightmare. It is honestly not a place you would want to stay for long, in my opinion. But most people who fly into Sudan will inevitably have to spend at least a night here.

To get to know the city, I recommend signing up for a day tour at Acropole Hotel , a landmark hotel and popular choice for travelers in Khartoum. They run a city tour every Friday (2-7pm), free for all guests.

The day tour brings you to 8 spots around the city: including the Sudan National Museum (worth a visit!), the Nile River and avenue, Mahdi’s tomb, Khalifa’s House, and lastly the Sufi dance performance.

About a 3-hour drive from Khartoum lie the ruins of Old Dongola .  From the 4th to 14th century, Old Dongola was the capital of the Makurian state and an important trade city.  The archaeological site sprawls across a large area, consisting of palace grounds, churches and houses. Archaeologists are still working on excavating the area.

The Throne Hall is the most impressive construction still standing. Its interior is completely sealed off nowadays. There is an audience room with a painted floral band and a figures Christ and a Nubian bishop inside.

Next to Old Dongola is a collection of around 99 tombs that resemble giant beehives . Their unique shape make them stand out in the stark desert landscape, and really leave quite an impression on first-time visitors like us.

Dating back to the 12th century, these tombs were built to house the bodies of Sheikhs and important Sufi leaders. These days, the tombs are empty, except for significant numbers of bats.

Jebel means “mountain” in Arabic, and Jebel Barkal is an isolated red sandstone mountain, considered holy since the ancient times. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the mountain is a large archaeological site stocked full of history.

At the foot of Jebel Barkal stands a big temple dedicated to the Nubian Pharaohs and their patron, Amon. This was the religious heart of Nubia for more than 1000 years. Meander through walkways flanked by giant columns, sculptures of Nubian gods and walls filled with frescos. Jebel Barkal hasn’t been restored the way Egyptian sites have been, but it makes for more authentic experience.

The best time to hike up the mountain is at sunset , where you can see the surrounding desert, palm groves and town awashed in a shade of gold. It only likes 30 minutes of hiking to get up there, and a quick slide down the sand dunes to get back down!

Just a 15-minute drive from Jebel Barkal is a necropolis of the ancient capital Napata. From the outside, the pyramids don’t look like much as they have not been restored. But one of the tombs has been restored and its underground interior is decorated with colorful frescos and hieroglyphic inscriptions.

The nearby Nuri necropolis features 19 pyramids and 23 tombs of Nubian kings and queens. Again the pyramids aren’t restored to their fully glory, but I found them to be more authentic and still impressive up close. We got to enjoy the pyramids all to ourselves, without a single tourist in sight.

The most famous spot in Sudan, the Meroe Pyramids are a spectacular sight that can rival the pyramids of Egypt. But unlike in neighboring Egypt, the Meroe Pyramids are often empty and free of tourists. We had the entire site to ourselves and it was a surreal experience.

Over 200 Nubian pyramids are left standing in the Nubian desert, although most of them have been decapitated. Italian treasure hunter Ferlini destroyed many of the pyramids in 1834 while searching for gold. Today, only a few of the pyramids and their attached chapels have been restored.

The Meroe Pyramids are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , yet they remain relatively unknown. The Nubian pyramids differ from Egyptian ones: They are smaller — 20 to 90 feet on a side, compared with the Great Pyramid’s 756 feet—with much steeper sides, and most were built two thousand years after those at Giza.

Located in the middle of the desert is this collection of well-preserved temples dedicated to the Egyptian god Amon. Getting here is a bit tricky, and you will need a 4×4 to navigate the desert.

Most historical sites in Sudan are found along the Nile — Naqa is an exception. Why it was built far from the region’s major water source and in the depths of the desert still remains unknown.

But for that reason, Naqa has been immaculately preserved, and it remains the best preserved archaeological site in Sudan. The Apedemak Temple in particular is completely intact and its stunning wall reliefs are still clear and prominent.

Just a few kilometers from Naqa is the Mussawarat archaeological site where restoration work is still undergoing. Most of the temples are in ruins here, but you can still see remains of columns, walls and reliefs.

The star attraction here is the Temple of Apedemak , which is surprisingly well preserved. You can see clearly defined floor-to-ceiling reliefs depicting the Egyptian gods and Nubian pharaohs.

Located at the border with Eritrea , Kassala is a city that lies at the foot of the beautiful Taka Mountains. It’s easy to hike up to the mountains from the city to get a panorama of the area.

But Kassala is most famous for its multi-ethnic souk, with tribes from all over northern Sudan coming here to trade. There are also tribes from nearby countries such as Eritrea and Saudi Arabia .

Where to Stay in Sudan

As the oldest established hotel in Khartoum, this old-school hotel was founded in 1952. The cosy guesthouse is run by a Greek-Sudanese family, and it’s a popular option with international travelers. We felt very welcomed and comfortable here. They run a free city tour for guests every Friday at 2pm, which includes a visit to the National Museum and the Sufi dervish dance. Check rates here.

Corinthia is the only five-star hotel in Khartoum, featuring a unique architecture that resembles Dubai’s Jumeirah Hotel. This is probably the best option if you’re looking for somewhere high-end. Check rates here.

Located at the base of the holy Jebel Barkal Mountain, this is Sudan’s only boutique hotel. It is an excellent base from which to explore the temples at Jebel Barkal and hike up for sunset. The beautiful Nubian-style lodge has landscaped gardens, stylish  lodge rooms and traditional furnishing. I loved the views and the excellent meals at the lodge. Check rates here.

Standing in the desert surrounding the Meroe Pyramids, this glamping site gives travelers the chance to stay as close to the pyramids as possible. The safari camp has beautiful, spacious tents that are very comfortable (thou it got pretty cold at night when we were there). Book here! (Pictured)

Sudanese food is quite simple and resembles Middle Eastern cuisine. Most meals involve fresh local produce like tomatoes, cheese, cucumber, and yogurt. Rice and pita bread are staples in Sudan.

If Sudan had a national dish, it would be foul (lentil stew). It is the most commonly eaten dish at home. Other popular food in Sudan include shawarma, kofte, and grilled fish. Here are some recommended Sudanese dishes:

Kisra — Flat bread made from sorghum flour

Dura — Cooked maize and millet eaten with various vegetables

Elmaraara — A Sudanese appetizer made from sheep lungs, liver and stomach

Kawal — A stew made with fermented Cassia obtusifolia leaves

Kuindiong — Traditional dessert of sweetened semolina

NOTE : Non-Muslims are now allowed to drink alcohol in Sudan, but it is still hard to get. Do not attempt to bring alcohol into Sudan.

Sudan is a cheap destination for most travelers. It is comparable to Egypt. For those on a strict budget, you can easily spend just $15-20 a day on accommodation, transport and food.

For accommodation, a twin room at a 3-star hotel costs around US$20-40 per night. There aren’t many hostels in Sudan; they are usually simple guesthouses known as ‘lokanda’. These are usually basic places with a bed (and no sheets) and nothing else. They cost anything from $2-10/night.

Food is very cheap in Sudan. A meal in a restaurant generally costs less than US$8 including drinks. If you get a simple dish of foul or shawarma, expect to spend around $1-2 per dish. If you’re looking for a proper fish in a restaurant, you won’t spend more than $5.

For more details on cost of travel in Sudan, check out my friend’s blog post about how much it cost to backpack Sudan .

NOTE : It is NOT possible to withdraw money through ATMs in Sudan. Bring lots of US dollars (make sure they are new notes) and exchange them at the airport.

Getting connected in Sudan is quite easy, but it also depends on where you go. 3G works well in Khartoum, but reception is spotty in areas like Jebel Barkal and Meroe.

There are telco shops at the international airport where you can get SIM cards for a low price. MTN offers 10GB of data for 300 Sudanese Pounds ($6). My friend’s 3G worked rather well, but my SIM didn’t work at all for some reason.

Our hotel in Khartoum, Acropole Hotel , had pretty decent WiFi and even computers available for use. Karima Nubian Rest House and Karima Nubian Rest House were pretty upscale but their WiFi were not really working.

Arabic is the most widely spoken language in the country. The Sudanese Arabic is basically Arabic with a smattering of borrowed vocabulary from local languages. It is unique to Sudan, reflecting the way in which the country is a beautiful mix of African and Arab cultures.

Other important languages include  Beja  along the  Red Sea , Tigre ,  Fur  in ( Darfur ) in the west, and various  Nubian languages  along the Nile. English is also spoken by some as a second language, but don’t expect a lot of locals to speak it.

Sudan practices the Sharia law, and it is a rather conservative Muslim country. That said, they are not extremists and do not expect foreigners to wear headscarves. It is not as strict as in Iran or Saudi Arabia here.

As advised by my tour operator, both men and women need to cover their shoulders and knees. It is advisable to wear loose clothing with high neckline. I wore mostly short-sleeved t-shirts and long pants, and it was fine.

No mandatory vaccinations are required in Sudan, but many parts of Sudan are malaria-infected zones. If you are traveling in winter, there are few mosquitoes and the risk of malaria is very low. I didn’t take Malarone, but it is recommended to take it especially if you’re traveling outside of the winter season.

It is best to consult your doctor at least a month before traveling to Sudan. Refer to the CDC website for recommended vaccines.

What to Pack for Sudan

Regardless of the time of the year you’re traveling Sudan, it is important to dress conservatively . Even in summer, when the temperature goes above 100°F(38°C), you have to cover your shoulders and knees.

For ladies, I recommend wearing lightweight blouses and loose pants, which will be comfortable in the heat too. In certain areas, you might want to cover your head with a scarf to show respect. Be sure to bring a long-rimmed hat and sunglasses for the heat.

For those traveling in winter, you’ll need a small jacket as it gets pretty cool at night. Daytime temperature is around 77-86°F (25-30°C) and nighttime temperatures drop to around 40-53°F (5-12°C).

• SPF 70 Sunscreen
• Mosquito repellent with DEET
• Sun hat that covers the neck
• Polarized sunglasses
• SteriPen to sterilize water
• Quick-dry t-shirts
• Harem yoga pants
• Trekking pants
• Down jacket
• Lightweight sleepwear
• Shemagh or scarf
• Teva sandals
• Hiking shoes
• Medical kit
• It is not possible to get cash at ATMs or banks in Sudan. Make sure you bring enough USD (new notes!) to last you for the whole trip. Your best bet is to exchange it all at the airport upon arrival.
• You can also exchange money at the black market, but make sure you count your cash properly.
• Since Sudan is a Muslim country, weekends fall on Friday and Saturday. Many shops are closed on Saturday and you will find the streets empty.
• Despite the strict Sharia Islamic law, it is now legal for non-Muslims to drink alcohol. However, alcohol is not easy to get. Do not think of bringing alcohol into the country.
• Unlike in neighboring Egypt, scamming is not common in Sudan and tourist touts are not aggressive or pushy. You won’t need to haggle. Just say no politely and smile, and local vendors will leave you in peace.
• There are few tourists in Sudan. We mainly saw other travelers in our hotels, but we rarely saw anyone else at the archaeological sites. The money you spend usually go straight to local villagers.

Have I answered all your questions on Sudan travel? Let me know in the comments field below and I will be more than happy to help you out! I hope this article has inspired you to plan your own Sudan trip!

Here are more articles that I’ve written about nearby countries in the Horn of Africa:

• My 2-Week Egypt Itinerary
• Is Egypt Safe to Travel
• Cairo Itinerary & Guide
• Ethiopia Travel Guide
• Eritrea Travel Guide
• A Guide to Ethiopian Food
• Celebrating Timkat in Ethiopia
• The Rock Churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia

Disclaimer: I received a media discount from Italian Tourism Company, but as always, all opinions expressed are my own.

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Nellie Huang

Nellie Huang is the founder of WildJunket. Originally from Singapore, Nellie has traveled to over 150 countries across 7 continents. She is a book author and Lonely Planet guidebook writer. As an adventure travel blogger, she has a special interest in unusual destinations and deep experiences. Follow her travels on her Facebook and Instagram .

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The Comments

Great write-up! I definitely want to go now!

Thank you! Hope you like it!

Michael Green

I spent a few years teaching in Saudi Arabia where there are many Sudanese people that I came across and knew. They have got to be some of the warmest people on the planet. I’ve heard about some these sites from them. Excellent photos. What a fantastically unique destination.

Akshay Sawant

Hi Nellie, I was so amazed after seeing these amazing pics of Sudan now will definitely make a long trip to Sudan. Thank You for sharing this amazing information with us.

Sudan looks fascinating! Thanks for this detailed summary of travel to Sudan.

Thanks for the kind words! Sudan is spectacular and definitely one of my favorite countries.

Graziela Correa da Costa

You inspired me to organize a trip to Sudan, thank you for great advices!

Thanks for this post/guide–it’s great! You’ve got me thinking about this as a possible trip in the future. I’m not big on tours, but the one you took sounds like the kind I would consider.

Does winter there coincide with winter here in the US–same timing?

LIsa @chickybus

Yes winter there is winter in the Northern Hemisphere (November to February). It can get pretty cold in the deserts.

Hi Nelly, thanks for all the information. Just a quick question regarding the price of the tour: You mentioned that you have spent 1150$ for six days. Since your travel agent does not mention any prices on their website (which is usually a strong indicator for being overpriced) I would like to ask to clarify if this is the total price for the tour or per person and if this is already including the media discount. Thanks…

hi Oli, yes it’s the price per person and including the media discount. Would you like me to connect you to the tour operator? Our female tour guide was brilliant and the tour was very well organized. That said, Sudan is a cheap place to travel on your own so you’ll definitely save a lot by going independently.

MARK LEWIS BRECKER

I ONCE TOOK A BOAT FROM KHARTOUM UP THE NILE INTO EGYPT. DOES THIS WAY OF TRAVEL STILL EXIST?

hi Mark, no that doesn’t exist anymore. You’ll need to fly from Khartoum to Cairo I’m afraid.

Sudanese are hospitable and welcome everyone with a full face smile. Traveling thru Sudan is a nervous but a journey worth it.

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14 Fascinating Places to Visit in Sudan

The situation in Sudan has unfortunately deteriorated since I was there, and as of April 2023 there is active armed conflict between factions of the military in Khartoum and elsewhere. I sincerely hope the country finds peace again soon, but in the meantime travelers should stay away.

There seem to be two types of people when it comes to travel in Sudan. Those who’ve never been will raise their eyebrows and ask about safety. But the few who’ve been will say Sudan is one of the nicest and safest countries they’ve ever had the pleasure of visiting.

As someone who spent several weeks in Sudan in early 2020 (in fact, I rode my bicycle solo through much of the country), I am firmly in the latter camp. Though Sudan as a country faces some deep economic and political challenges, the mood most travelers will encounter is peaceful and friendly.

Most travelers come to Sudan for the ancient Nubian archaeological sites, less developed than Egypt’s but also more relaxed and atmospheric. There is also plenty of interest in the colorful culture of this transition zone between Arabic northern Africa and the Sub-Saharan rest of the continent. And for  mindful travelers  with the opportunity and inclination to dig deeper, some very interesting conversations with friendly locals and expats await.

Sudan is a huge country but has only the faintest glimmer of tourism infrastructure, which is part of its charm as well as its challenge. Still, there’s no shortage of things to do and places to visit in Sudan. In this post I’ll highlight the most popular tourist attractions in Sudan, as well as a few of the low-key secrets, to help you plan your trip.

Sudan Travel Tips

Safety : Not all of Sudan is accessible to visitors. Areas like Darfur are currently off-limits due to continuing tribal conflict. Be sure to check government travel advice before planning a trip. The rest of the country is quite safe by any standards.

Costs : Sudan can be quite cheap to travel in if you’re backpacking. You can get by for just a few dollars a day. Guided tours can cost much more.

Money : ATMs and credit cards can’t be used by foreigners in Sudan (and aren’t reliable anyway). Bring cash (US dollars) and change it to Sudanese pounds in small amounts as you go. Seek out the much better black market rate by discretely asking at your hotel. Don’t change too much at once; rates fluctuate a lot and it can be difficult to change back if you end up with too much.

Language : Arabic is the official language of Sudan, and many regional languages are also spoken. Don’t expect more than a few words of English, but you can still get by with hand gestures and a smile.

Dress : Sudan is a very conservative Muslim country. Both men and women should cover shoulders and knees out of respect for the local culture. Women may want to be even more conservative by dressing in loose pants or skirt, a long-sleeve shirt, and potentially a headscarf in some circumstances. For more detail, see What Should Travelers Wear in Sudan?

Female travelers : Considering how conservative the culture is for local women, Sudanese are surprisingly welcoming and respectful toward foreign women. Harassment is uncommon, though culturally uninformed misunderstandings about the desires of western women can and do happen. Just firmly say no thanks.

Guided or independent : Many travelers visit Sudan on organized tours which certainly does make for a more relaxing trip. But it’s absolutely possible to travel Sudan independently as a backpacker or overlander, and many find it highly rewarding due to the welcoming culture.

Food : Not the highlight of a trip to Sudan. Ful (beans) is a staple, as is falafel. Limited selection of fresh fruit and vegetables is usually not hard to find. Tea is available and offered everywhere.

Transportation : Variable but decent for the region. Main roads are generally well paved. Buses are fairly orderly but usually not on a strict schedule. Traffic can be chaotic so think twice before renting a vehicle to drive yourself. Hitchhiking is common.

Weather : Generally hot, mostly dry in the desert north, with a rainy season further south from June – October.

Guidebook : There isn’t much to choose from, but the Bradt Sudan Travel Guide from 2012 is helpful for understanding the main attractions and learning the country’s history.

Now that you have a general sense for travel in Sudan, let’s get to the fun part: the most popular things to do in Sudan.

Sudan Within A Longer Trip

Some people visit Sudan as a stand-alone destination, and this makes perfect sense if you have less time. But for travelers on a more leisurely schedule, a great option is to combine Sudan with a visit to its northern neighbor Egypt.

The border between Egypt and Sudan is a relatively recent division, and much of the region’s deep history spans vast areas of both countries. Much of the landscape is similar – sandy desert bisected by the green Nile – and the language of Arabic is another common factor.

Logistically speaking, there’s only one highway serving the far north of Sudan – one of the country’s nicest areas in my opinion – and following it overland to or from Egypt flows a bit better than an out-and-back journey. The ferry crossing of Lake Nasser is scenic and interesting, and border crossings in Africa tend to be exciting affairs in any case.

It’s also possible, though less common, to continue south through Sudan to Ethiopia overland. The transition from desert to savanna to mountains must be experienced gradually to be fully appreciated.

For those who seek out the least-visited of rarely visited countries, Eritrea is right next door to Sudan and has even fewer visitors and more red tape. Travel in Eritrea is difficult because of the many restrictions on foreigners, and crossing the border overland from Sudan may well be impossible. However, those who’ve been report that it’s a fascinating country to visit.

Now that we’ve covered some travel tips and ideas for structuring your trip, let’s get into all the things to do and places to visit in Sudan.

Khartoum and Omdurman

The capital city of Khartoum feels almost like its own country. In this relatively progressive place you’ll find more women on the streets, some even without headscarves, and foreigners won’t usually get much of a second look. The city is cramped and bustling in some places and surprisingly modern in others, with an overall friendly and polite vibe.

The most highly recommend thing to do in Khartoum is technically in Omdurman, the older and grittier city right next door. Every Friday before sunset sufi mystics dance and chant in a highly charged ecstatic atmosphere at the Hamed-al Nil tomb.

In Khartoum proper, the National Museum and the confluence of the Niles are both worth a visit and relatively nearby each other. For more ideas, see this more detailed guide to things to do in Khartoum .

Pyramids at Meroë

Sudan technically has more pyramids than Egypt, though they’re smaller and often less well preserved. If you’re going to see one pyramid site in Sudan, make it the pyramids of Meroë.

Usually visited as a day trip from Khartoum or en route from Atbara, this site is the best preserved and also the most popular pyramid site in Sudan (meaning you might have to share with a handful of other tourists).

The pyramids here are in varying stages of disrepair and reconstruction, revealing a complex history of both building and excavating. While chatting with one of the site’s archaeologists I was surprised to learn that a fair amount of their effort goes into simply holding back the desert sand that threatens to sandblast the remaining structures, destroying them faster than they can be preserved.

The pyramids at Meroë can be reached easily by public transit from either Khartoum or Atbara. Just ask to be let off at Bajrawia village. Coming back is trickier, and is usually done by hitchhiking. It’s possible to camp at the pyramids if you’re prepared with your own gear.

Note that Meroë is the ancient city (you can still wander around the ruins, which are near the pyramids), and NOT the same as Merowe, an area near Karima.

Naqa and Musawwarat

These two Meroitic archaeological gems are a bit harder to get to than most of Sudan’s other tourist attractions, requiring some kind of private transportation. They lie 26 km (Naqa) or 30 km (Musawwarat) east of the highway from Khartoum to Atbara on sand and dirt track, sharing the same road for the first 15 km after leaving the highway.

Their locations can be found on the iOverlander app, but it’s probably best to go with an experienced guide/driver who can navigate the faint and sandy desert tracks.

If you can manage to get there, the temples at these sites are among the nicest in Sudan. Naqa is home to the temples of Amun and Apedemak (the latter notably depicting the queen with the same size and power as the king), as well as the small but surprisingly intricate Roman Kiosk.

At Musawwarat Es-Sufra, which dates from the 3rd century BC, you can wander the extensive labyrinthine Great Enclosure and visit the well-preserved Lion Temple. The old reservoir is usually dry these days, but standing there you can almost imagine how it would have looked and felt when the now-barren desert was teeming with life centered around this ancient temple complex.

Atbara has a bit of a gritty feel compared to the gentler towns further west and north. There’s not too much to do in this industrial and railroad town, besides the usual chatting and wandering, but many travelers will pass through on their way along the Nile toward the Meroë Pyramids and Khartoum.

The “new bus station” in the southeast corner of town (still north of the river) is surprisingly nice and orderly, with buses leaving every hour or so for Khartoum throughout the morning.

Karima: Pyramids, Jebel Barkal, Nuri

Across a long empty stretch of desert from Atbara is the town of Karima. The town is more relaxed than Atbara, though it can feel a bit less friendly than the smaller towns further down the Nile due to the area’s relative popularity with tourists.

The area around Karima is home to three of Sudan’s tourist attractions.

Jebel Barkal and Temple of Mut

Jebel Barkal is a small mountain popular for its great views and for sunset climbs (bring a light for the way down). At its base there is a cemetery and ancient ruins of the Temple of Mut.

Karima Pyramids

Free and literally right beside the road, these are certainly worth a visit especially if you haven’t yet been to the Meroe Pyramids. They’re quite well preserved (please don’t climb them in order to keep them that way) and clustered in a small easy-to-reach area.

Nuri Pyramids

On the east side of the Nile and a bit of a drive outside of town, these pyramids are quite deteriorated but said to be atmospheric. Personally I skipped them since I had already seen the nearby Karima pyramids and was headed to Meroë next, but for pyramid connoisseurs they are easy enough to get to and worth a visit.

Dongola was among my favorite towns in Sudan for its relaxed and friendly vibe. The refreshing breeze coming off the Nile probably didn’t hurt either. Wandering the streets and markets there felt pleasant and welcoming in a way I’ve rarely found anywhere on the African continent, making the simple errand of shopping for food an attraction in itself.

Otherwise, there isn’t too much else to do in Dongola besides relax and recover from a few days in the desert.

Old Dongola

Old Dongola, not to be confused with the present-day town of Dongola, lies about 50 miles upstream (south) and is an archaeological site. Notable for its more recent history – relatively speaking compared to some of Sudan’s ancient sites – it contains the ruins of a number of Christian churches from the 7th – 14th centuries AD.

The Throne Hall, Church of the Granite Columns, and Muslim cemetery are some of the most prominent ruins at Old Dongola.

The temple of Soleb is a relatively well-preserved Egyptian temple built in the 14th century BC. It lies on the west bank of the Nile across from the village of Wawa, about 3/4 of the way from Dongola to Abri.

Most travelers will need to hire a small boat to take them across the Nile, which can supposedly be done at the small guesthouse in Wawa (check the iOverlander or Maps.me app for location). This may take a bit of time though, as you’ll need to track down the owner first. There’s also an informal homestay on the Soleb side for those wishing to spend the night near the temple, but you should bring your own food.

Kerma is a town on the east side of the Nile just north of Dongola. Its main attractions are two “deffufa” (burial mounds) and a small museum. There are one or two small guesthouses in town; check Maps.me and iOverlander to find them.

Abri is a pleasant small town on the banks of the Nile in northern Sudan. Few travelers make it this far north unless continuing to Egypt, and the town feels relaxed and gentle. The best thing to do in Abri is sit by the Nile and rest up before or after a few days of desert travel.

The Nubian Guesthouse is where most travelers to Abri stay. The owner speaks good English, and there’s hot water and wifi. Rooms are available for moderate prices and camping is allowed in the courtyard for a few dollars.

There’s not much reason to visit the far-north border town of Wadi Halfa unless you’re crossing between Egypt and Sudan. Still, it’s an interesting transit town where you can watch the ferries come in from Aswan and Abu Simbel, and out on the highway you’ll see a trickle of large trucks on their way to and from Egypt via Lake Nasser.

If you just arrived in Sudan from Egypt, head downtown for plenty of cheap hostels and some places to buy a local SIM card.

Kassala is a market town in the east of Sudan, near the border with Eritrea. It’s not as commonly visited as the towns and archaeological sites along the Nile, but if you have the time and enjoy traveling off the beaten path it’s worth the 7 hour bus journey from Khartoum.

Kassala is known for its ethnic blend as tribes from near and far come to trade at the market, and for its dramatic location at the base of the distinctive Taka Mountains.

Port Sudan is the place to go if you want to see the Red Sea from Sudan. It’s Sudan’s second-largest city (after Khartoum) and only port city, connected to Khartoum by both weekly train and busy paved road.

Among tourists it’s best known for its small but interesting scuba diving scene, though I’ve heard that only those with experience should dive here as instruction and safety standards can be questionable.

Dinder National Park

On the way south to the Ethiopian border, Dinder National Park offers a completely different environment from the sandy desert of the north. Best visited during the dry season (November to May), it draws visitors looking to spot wildlife and relax in the peaceful environment. To explore the park fully you’ll want a 4wd vehicle and ideally a guide and driver.

Final Thoughts

As you can see, Sudan is home to a wealth of historic sites and interesting experiences. For travelers who enjoy getting off the tourist trail and exploring on their own, Sudan will be an adventure to remember and learn from for many years to come.

More Africa Travel Resources

If you’re curious about things to do in Sudan, you might also be interested in these:

• 12 Essentials From My Africa Packing List
• How to Travel Mindfully in Challenging Places
• Must-Know Cultural Tips for Visitors to Uganda
• Where to go Hiking in West Africa

About the Author

Hi there, I’m Alissa, founder of Exploring Wild. I’ve had the pleasure of traveling independently and solo on six continents, including some unusual destinations like Liberia and Sudan, and it has forever changed the way I see the world and myself. Learn more about me here .

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Sudan’s Hotel Rwanda: the man who saved scores of people during Darfur violence

As militias targeted the Masalit community in a wave of ethnic violence, one man offered shelter and an escape route across the border

E very night, for weeks at a time last year, Saad al-Mukhtar put a small group of people in the back of his sports utility vehicle and drove them under the cover of darkness from his home in the Sudanese city of Geneina across the border and into Chad.

The operation was an extraordinary act of bravery and selflessness: Mukhtar is an Arab, and the people he was smuggling to safety were members of the darker skinned Masalit community who were being targeted in a vicious wave of ethnic violence perpetrated by Arab militias.

“I helped everybody who knocked on my door,” Mukhtar said. “I didn’t know the majority of them.” The name is a pseudonym – he said if his real name was used his life and those of his relatives would be in danger.

Over the course of last year, after the outbreak of war in Sudan in April, hundreds of thousands of Masalit people fled from Geneina and the wider West Darfur state into Chad. The war, pitting the Arab paramilitary group the Rapid Support Forces against the regular army, began in the capital, Khartoum, but soon spread around the country. In the western Darfur region, an RSF stronghold, ethnic violence against the Masalit people flared up again 20 years after the start of a genocide perpetrated by Janjaweed militias, which later morphed into the RSF.

Word soon spread around Geneina that an Arab man was willing to shelter and take Masalit people to safety, and scores of people turned up at his house, sometimes staying there for weeks on end.

The journey across the border was fraught with risk, as it meant passing checkpoints between non-Arab and Arab neighbourhoods manned by Arab militiamen. As Mukhtar put it in an interview with the Guardian, “only Arab drivers were allowed to pass through”.

On occasion, when the Arab militias were distracted by particularly fierce fighting, he would ask Arab friends to help smuggle people out past the checkpoints. “On really busy nights I sent four batches of people across the border,” he said.

Mukhtar’s mother cooked meals for the people he sheltered, as did other women from his neighbourhood who came from communities that were neither Arab nor Masalit. Sometimes he drove around and picked up Masalit people who he feared were particularly vulnerable to the militias. “I just knew that they would kill them if they found them,” he said.

Geneina was the scene of two rounds of mass killings and rape last year. The first took place between April and June last year, as the RSF and allied Arab militias battled Masalit fighters. A second wave of killings happened in November, after the RSF and its allies captured a Sudanese military base.

Mukhtar’s protection of Masalit people has echoes of Paul Rusesabagina, the hotelier who sheltered refugees during the Rwandan genocide in 1994 and whose actions were later documented in the film Hotel Rwanda.

“What we saw in Geniena was the Doomsday, exactly like the Doomsday,” Mukhtar said. “There was nothing worse than what we went through.”

As the fighting worsened, Mukhtar learned how to use an AK-47 rifle. “I had to do it,” he said. “Everybody was armed – thieves, killers and looters from both sides.”

He said he rescued 25 rape victims, taking some to a clinic and transferring others to Chad. “Some of them were in a shocking shape, completely naked,” he said. “One woman told me that she was raped by 15 men, she wasn’t able to walk. Some of them were unable to speak even.”

Some of the women told him they had been locked in a shop for days on end and subjected to sexual slavery – an account that tallies with other reports from the city last year. His own story was corroborated by Masalit refugees in the United Nations camp in near Adré in Chad, who were keen to find out what had happened to the “Arab knight” who had brought them across the border.

“I really hope those who went to Adré can come back,” he said. “I miss my friends among them.”

On a tour of Geneina with Mukhtar it became clear that he was a well-known and charismatic presence in the city. Tea ladies and shoe sellers in the city’s famous leather shoe market stopped to say hello, as did RSF fighters.

Mukhtar said he was not sure when exactly he was born, but thinks he is in his 40s.

Unlike many of his relatives, he had no interest in signing up to join the RSF as a fighter. “I enjoy my simple and normal life,” he said. “I hate taking advantage of innocent people, as those [who] carry arms do.”

Mukhtar grew up in the countryside, where – like many boys and young men in his community – he took care of his father’s camels, travelling for months at a time on camel-back from Darfur to Libya to trade goods. “Looking after animals teaches you a lot in life,” he said. It makes you more humane.”

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