virtual tour littlecote house

45 Littlecote Roman Villa & Mosaic

An extensive and exceptional Roman villa with a significant mosaic on display to the public in the grounds of the estate

The villa  was constructed from around AD 170.  At around AD 360, earlier buildings were largely demolished and the site changed from being a large farm to become a ceremonial complex (or ‘Collegium’ – a sort of educational monastery) dedicated to the cult of Orpheus and Bacchus, a cult which went back to ancient Greece.  By this time, the villa had become extensive, covering more than one hectare, among the largest in Britain.  It had around 60 rooms, two bathhouses, many mosaic floors and several heated hypocausts.  Most notably, it had a magnificent mosaic in a special hall dedicated to the ancient Greek legendary hero Orpheus, which you can still see today.

In 1727-8 William George discovered the Orpheus mosaic whilst digging post-holes, and it was reported as “the finest pavement that the sun ever shone upon in England”.   An engraving and drawing were made and the villa was reburied. Its location eventually disappeared from memory until it was rediscovered in 1976 and the mosaic fully restored by 1980.

More details about the history of the villa are available on Hungerford Virtual Museum.

The site, situated on the banks of the River Kennet is open to the public. You can park very close by at Littlecote or why not walk from Ramsbury?  There is a 5 mile circular walk from Ramsbury available to download on our website.

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The villa was first discovered in 1727

but after careful recording of the amazing “Orpheus” mosaic (perhaps the finest in Britain), the site was covered over, and thought to be lost.

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Littlecote House

Littlecote house: uncovering its history and mysteries.

Nestled in the picturesque countryside of Berkshire, Littlecote House is a stunning historical treasure with a remarkable past. As one of England’s most notable Tudor-era homes, it’s steeped in rich history and architectural beauty. Today, we’ll explore the captivating story of this storied mansion and take a glimpse at its intriguing legacy.

Table of Contents

Upon approaching the house, one can’t help but be awestruck by the grandeur of Littlecote House. Its iconic Michaelangelo-painted glass windows and opulent rooms tell a tale dating back to the Roman times. Stories of royals, knights, and illustrious guests weave through the walls of this estate, and it’s easy to see why they’ve captivated our imagination for generations.

Throughout its storied history, Littlecote House also bears witness to inexplicable events and mysterious hauntings. From the renowned “Wild William Darrell” ghost to the eerie legends of star-crossed lovers, visitors are enthralled by the atmosphere that surrounds this ancient property. We’ll delve deeper into the secrets of Littlecote House, and you’ll find it’s much more than just a beautiful architectural gem.

Littlecote House: A Brief History

Littlecote House, located in Hungerford, Wiltshire, is a Tudor-era manor house with a rich and fascinating history. This stunning property has witnessed significant events and hosted notable figures over the years.

The house, originally built in the 13th century, underwent major changes during the Tudor period. Its owner, William Darrell , was responsible for these alterations, creating the impressive structure we admire today. Darrell’s descendants owned the estate until 1929 when it was sold to Sir Ernest Salter Wills, a member of the Wills tobacco family.

There have been several intriguing historical events associated with Littlecote House:

• The Royal Mint was briefly located at Littlecote House during the reign of King Charles II .
• The house was believed to be the hiding place of Charles, Prince of Wales, before he was crowned King Charles II after the English Civil War.
• During World War II , the estate was requisitioned by the British government and served as a base for American and British military forces.

Nowadays, the property is under the ownership of the Warner Leisure Hotels group, who purchased it in 1996. The stunning house and grounds have been transformed into a glimmering hotel, offering guests a luxurious experience steeped in history. Highlights for visitors include:

• Fascinating behind-the-scenes tours, led by knowledgeable guides.
• The opportunity to enjoy authentic, Tudor-era culinary experiences in the hotel’s delightful restaurant.
• A range of modern amenities, such as a spa and leisure centre, while still preserving the estate’s historic charm.

In summary, Littlecote House is a majestic manor with a rich historical tapestry. Not only has it played host to kings and been the backdrop for important events, but it has also evolved into a stunning holiday destination for those looking to immerse themselves in a bygone era. With so much heritage to explore, it’s no wonder Littlecote is considered one of Wiltshire’s true treasures.

Architectural Highlights of the House

Littlecote House, a stunning historical estate located in Hungerford, Wiltshire, boasts an incredible array of architectural highlights. Let’s delve deeper into this masterpiece and explore its most notable features.

Constructed in the late 14th century, the house dates back to the Tudor era and underwent exstensive alterations in the later Elizabethan era. The property demonstrates a mix of architectural styles; the initial structure consisting predominantly of Tudor brickwork , while the Elizabethan renovations feature more ornate stone facings . These renovations and expansions also introduced a great hall and new staircases.

Some significant highlights of the house include:

• The Great Hall: Showcasing refinded wooden panelling and a stunning, soaring fireplace, Littlecote’s Great Hall remains an awe-inspiring centrepiece.
• The Painted Room: This room displays an intricate, colourful wall painting from the 16th century, depicting scenes from the biblical tale of Susanna and the Elders .
• Littlecote Roman Villa : Situated on the grounds, the villa ruins contain the Orpheus Mosaic , an elaborate work discovered during the 70s and considered one of the most important in Britain.

Various noteworthy figures have owned Littlecote House:

• Sir George Darrell, a successful lawyer, owned the house during the Tudor period.
• William, Earl of Pembroke, acquired the estate in the late 17th century and was responsible for many of the Elizabethan renovations.
• The famous entrepreneur Peter de Savary acquired Littlecote in 1985 before selling it in 1996 to the Warner Leisure Hotels group.

Today, the house functions as a Warner Leisure Hotel , offering guests a blend of historical charm and modern luxury. Guests can tour the beautiful gardens and interiors, and explore the rich history within its walls.

Ultimately, the architectural highlights of Littlecote House eloquently tell the story of its rich history, captivating visitors and earning its place as one of the most historically significant estates in Wiltshire.

The Roman Connection: Littlecote’s Mosaics

Littlecote House, with its Grade I-listed status, is a remarkable historic house in Hungerford, Wiltshire. It’s known for being steeped in intriguing history, including the famous Roman connection. Unravelling the connection, one can’t help but be amazed by the stunning Roman floor mosaics unearthed at the site.

These mosaics date back to the 4th century AD and are believed to have been a part of a Roman villa , located on the very grounds of Littlecote House. Excavations conducted in the 1970s revealed the villa’s existence, exposing the intricate and well-preserved floor mosaics. Some of the rooms even depicted the popular Roman myth of Orpheus.

But the mosaics aren’t the sole Roman remnants. Littlecote’s history also involves a Roman soldier, who was found entombed in a sarcophagus. This has sparked considerable curiosity and further highlights the deep Roman roots of the region.

The villa itself boasts a standard peristyle design typical of the Roman era. Comprising:

• A central courtyard
• A Mithraeum (temple dedicated to Mithras)

This impressive structure is proof of the site’s significance during Roman rule. But it’s not just about the architecture; the villa also played a key part in the local community. Experts believe it served as the administrative centre for a large estate, proving crucial for managing and maintaining the area’s agricultural economy.

As for Littlecote House, it has witnessed extensive transformations since its 13th-century beginnings. The brick mansion is a fine example of an Elizabethan prodigy house built for lavish entertaining, and it has changed hands numerous times. It was owned by the Darrell family in the 1500s, who left their mark on the house with their crest, the “Dancing Darrells.” Later, it passed to the Popham family, who expanded the estate and constructed the lavish gardens.

Today, Littlecote House is owned by Warner Leisure Hotels and is utilised as an upscale hotel and entertainment venue. Guests have the unique opportunity to stroll through centuries of history while enjoying the luxuries offered by the hotel. The Roman connections, combined with the stately Elizabethan architecture, lend a magical atmosphere to Littlecote House, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, nature lovers, and those seeking an extraordinary experience.

Littlecote House’s Ghostly Tales

In Hungerford, Wiltshire, Littlecote House holds a fascinating history and ghostly tales that pique curiosity among visitors. This remarkable house traces its roots back to the 12th century , making it a stunning example of medieval architecture. Let’s take you through the house’s intriguing past, significant historical events, and haunting legends.

The ancient manor has seen some notable events throughout history. During the English Civil War, it served as a base for King Charles I’s Royalist forces. Littlecote even featured as the setting for the meeting between King Charles II and General Fairfax in 1645. The house has also witnessed numerous changes in ownership; the Darrell Family held the estate for centuries, followed by the Popham Family and then later by Harry Andrews . Currently, the mansion belongs to the Warner Leisure Hotels who have converted it into a luxury hotel.

Embracing the eerie atmosphere, there are several spine-chilling stories that surround Littlecote House. Rumours of ghostly apparitions include:

• The White Lady : A ghostly figure that roams the gardens, believed to be the spirit of the Lady of the Manor, killed by her husband for her infidelity
• The Black Dog : A ferocious phantom hound said to materialise and tear apart victims before disappearing
• The Wild Huntsman : A spectral figure who gallops across the nearby fields accompanied by his hellish hounds, scaring off anyone who crosses their path

Guests and staff alike have reported strange occurrences, unexplained noises, and unusual sensations within the house’s walls. Despite the chilling tales, these eerie accounts have undoubtedly added to Littlecote House’s charm, as a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and thrill-seekers.

As a Grade I listed building, Littlecote House boasts exceptional Tudor-era features such as the Great Hall , with its breathtaking stained-glass windows and intricate wood paneling. To uncover Littlecote’s tumultuous past, the hotel today offers guests guided tours, which include exploring its Roman past with the well-preserved Roman mosaic depicting the story of Orpheus and the woodland creatures . As of today, Littlecote House serves as a picturesque and historical destination spot, providing visitors with luxurious accommodation, entertaining activities, and captivating ghostly tales.

The Popham Family and Their Contributions

Littlecote’s history is closely intertwined with the Popham family , who played a significant role in shaping the house’s legacy. Let’s delve into their contributions and how they’ve left a lasting impact on this magnificent estate.

The Pophams were a prominent family in the English law and politics scene. They acquired Littlecote House in 1589 when Sir John Popham purchased it from the Dayrell family. Sir John Popham was an influential figure with a remarkable career, serving as the Speaker of the House of Commons and eventually becoming the Lord Chief Justice of England. It’s during his time at Littlecote that several significant developments occurred at the estate.

Sir John Popham undertook major renovations at Littlecote, transforming it into the Tudor mansion that we admire today. Some of the key architectural highlights introduced during this period include:

• The impressive Great Hall
• The stunning oriel windows
• The intricate plasterwork and wood panelling

With a keen interest in gardens, the Pophams also set about creating magnificent gardens surrounding the house. These gardens are still admired today, enhancing the historical charm of Littlecote House.

After Sir John Popham’s death, the property passed on to his descendants who continued to own it until the mid-18th century. The Popham family continued to leave their mark on Littlecote, including the construction of a Roman mosaic found on the property, which is believed to be one of the finest of its kind in Britain. The mosaic, dubbed the Orpheus Pavement, added a unique historical touch to the estate.

Here’s a quick timeline of key events involving the Popham family and Littlecote House:

Although the Popham family no longer resides at Littlecote House, their contributions to its architecture, gardens, and historical artefacts remain an integral part of the estate’s allure. Currently, Littlecote House serves as a hotel managed by Warner Leisure Hotels , offering visitors an unforgettable experience as they step back into a fascinating chapter of British history.

Littlecote During the Civil War

During the 17th century, Littlecote House played a significant role in the English Civil War. Situated in Hungerford, Wiltshire, this Tudor-era mansion was entangled in events of national importance. In this section, we’ll delve into the happenings that unfolded at Littlecote during the Civil War.

Initially, Littlecote House was in the hands of the Darell family. In the 1630s, the property’s ownership was transferred to William Pleydell , whose loyalty to the Royalist cause soon turned the house into a vital strategic base. As the conflict between the Royalists and Parliamentarians escalated, Littlecote became a haven for combating forces.

The most notable episode at Littlecote during this time was the Council of War , led by King Charles I :

• Date: 28 October 1644
• Attended by: King Charles I and senior Royalist commanders
• Meeting purpose: To decide whether to engage in a major battle with Parliamentarian forces

This crucial decision-making event illustrates Littlecote House’s importance during the Civil War. Table outlining key figures and events:

Despite the high stakes, the Council opted to engage Parliamentarian forces in battle, a fateful decision that ultimately led to a crushing Royalist defeat at Naseby in 1645.

Following the conflict, Littlecote House endured a tumultuous history of ownership changes, but it has since been restored and preserved. Today, the mansion serves as a hotel and popular destination for tourists interested in its rich historical legacy.

In summary, Littlecote House proved to be an integral part of the English Civil War. The decisions made within its walls had lasting consequences, forever etching the property’s significance into the annals of English history.

Restoration Efforts to Preserve the House

Littlecote House has a rich and fascinating history that spans over 900 years. To ensure this historical gem continues to stand the test of time, restoration efforts have been necessary. Throughout the years, we’ve witnessed a number of key restoration projects aimed at preserving the house’s architectural heritage and unique features.

One of the most significant milestones in Littlecote House’s history is its ownership by Sir Richard Dayrell in 1415. The Dayrell family undertook numerous restoration projects, such as the rebuilding of the eastern part of the house in the late 15th century. It’s during this time that the Great Hall and the famous Littlecote Roman Mosaics were added.

Since then, Littlecote House has seen a steady stream of owners, each contributing to its preservation and legacies. The notable Elizabethan owner, Sir Walter Hungerford , oversaw the construction of a high-quality brick extension in 1592 called Brick House . This addition, still standing today, features beautifully intricate stonework and woodwork.

In the 19th century, Littlecote House was acquired by the Leyborne-Popham family, who graced it with extensive renovations and improvements. These efforts were exemplified by:

• The intricate plasterworks in the Great Hall
• The re-roofing and refurbishment of the Green Parlour
• The installation of additional chimneys

Fast forward to the present day, Littlecote House is owned by the Warner Leisure Group, who continue to maintain and preserve the property’s historical beauty. They’ve ensured the house remains accessible to the public and have created a vibrant heritage tourism destination . Today, Littlecote House serves as an exclusive hotel, providing visitors with an immersive journey into Britain’s rich past.

In conclusion, Littlecote House in Hungerford, Wiltshire has weathered the centuries thanks to various owners who have taken on the responsibility of preserving its architectural beauty and historical significance. We can only hope that future generations will be equally committed to ensuring this historical wonder remains for centuries to come.

Activities and Entertainment at Littlecote

We’re excited to share the various activities and entertainment options available at Littlecote House . Situated on a historic estate in Hungerford, Wiltshire, the house plays an important role in England’s history. Built in the 13th century, Littlecote House served as a military base for parliamentary forces during the English Civil War in the 17th century. Today, it’s a popular location for history enthusiasts and leisure seekers alike, with its vibrant mix of past and present offerings.

Littlecote House is currently owned by Warner Leisure Hotels and operates as a hotel, offering guests not only comfortable accommodation but also a wide range of entertaining diversions:

• Guided Tours : Delve into the history of Littlecote House, including its connection to King Henry VIII and the Tudor court, with the help of knowledgeable guides who ensure every visit is an exciting journey through time.
• Leisure Facilities : Guests can unwind and enjoy a variety of on-site facilities, including an indoor pool, wellness centre, tennis courts, and extensive gardens.
• Live Shows : The evenings come alive with a selection of live performances, spanning diverse genres such as music, comedy, and tribute acts.
• Outdoor Activities : Explore the surrounding grounds by foot or bicycle, discovering hidden gems like the medieval Popham dovecote, a prime example of a 14th-century domestic building.
• Dining Experiences : Relish delightful culinary creations in the in-house restaurant, with menus featuring traditional British favourites alongside tasty modern fare.

For history buffs, it’s worth noting that Littlecote House also boasts a stunning Roman mosaic, preserved as part of the extensive renovations the property underwent in the 16th century. The mosaic, known as the Orpheus Pavement , is an intricate and eye-catching display of Roman-era craftsmanship sure to captivate any visitor.

Here’s a summary of the key attractions at Littlecote House:

Whether it’s to immerse yourself in its fascinating history or simply enjoy a relaxing and enjoyable getaway, Littlecote House promises a rewarding and memorable experience.

Visiting Littlecote: What You Need to Know

Littlecote House is a stunning, historically-rich mansion nestled within the charming countryside of Hungerford, Wiltshire. Boasting an impressive past, it’s no wonder that the mansion is now a popular destination for both tourists and locals alike. We’ve gathered everything you need to know when planning a visit to this magnificent site.

Dating back to the 13th century, Littlecote House is famed for its numerous historical events and distinguished past residents. The house is an exquisite example of an Elizabethan mansion, featuring intricate architecture and lavish interiors. It was home to influential individuals like Henry VIII’s courtier Sir William Compton and Thomas Norton, the grandson of William Darell, who played a role in bringing about the fall of Catherine Howard.

Recognized for its unique chapel and well-preserved Roman mosaic pavement, Littlecote House has a lot to offer. Here’s what you can expect when visiting:

• Guided tours: Learn about the mansion’s past and uncover its secrets with a knowledgeable and engaging tour guide.
• Gardens and grounds: Stroll through the beautifully-maintained gardens and picturesque grounds, perfect for a leisurely walk or a family picnic.
• Events and functions: Littlecote House is a sought-after venue for weddings, celebrations, and corporate events. Check their event calendar to learn about any upcoming activities you can attend.
• Accommodation: As a Warner Leisure Hotel , the mansion provides luxurious rooms and amenities for guests who wish to stay overnight, making it an ideal getaway.

When planning a trip to Littlecote House, it’s important to enquire in advance about the availability of guided tours, as well as the mansion’s opening hours. To reach Littlecote House, you can drive, take public transport or sign up for a coach trip, with several operators offering packages.

Littlecote House’s unique blend of history, architecture, and natural beauty make it a must-visit attraction in Wiltshire. Whether you’re touring England’s stately homes or simply looking for a day trip in the idyllic countryside, don’t miss the opportunity to step back in time and explore this truly captivating destination.

In Conclusion: Littlecote House’s Lasting Charm

We’ve delved deep into the history and the allure of Littlecote House. This beautiful manor, located in Hungerford, Wiltshire is indeed rich with stories and character. Constructed during the Tudor period, it has served as an important historical landmark for centuries.

Significant events stand out in Littlecote’s past. Highlights include:

• It holding ties to King Henry VIII, who reportedly conducted a secret relationship here with Jane Seymour.
• The infamous mystery surrounding the trial of the midwife for the Dobbins family: it is an enduring tale of murder and intrigue that continues to captivate locals and visitors alike.
• Ownership by the prosperous Popham family, who were influential in the region and left their mark on the architecture and interiors of the house.

Throughout the centuries, Littlecote House has changed hands numerous times. Today, it is owned by Warner Leisure Hotels and operates as a hotel and leisure facility. It provides a unique retreat for visitors who wish to enjoy the charm and history of the house.

Here are the current features and uses of Littlecote House:

• Guests can dine in the original Tudor banquet hall, complete with ornate detailing and opulent chandeliers.
• Visitors can enjoy leisure facilities, including an indoor pool, gym, and spa.
• There is an outdoor area, where guests can stroll through beautifully maintained English gardens.
• The house even offers seasonal events and themed nights, providing an entertaining escape for tourists and locals alike.

Littlecote House’s enchanting past and bewitching atmosphere undoubtedly make it a fascinating destination in the English countryside. As a captivating cornerstone of Wiltshire’s heritage, we’re confident that its charm will endure for centuries to come.

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Littlecote Roman Villa

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HERITAGE HIGHLIGHTS:   Outstanding 4th-century mosaic

In the grounds of the Elizabethan mansion of Littlecote House near the Berkshire town of Hungerford stands perhaps the best-preserved Roman villa above ground in England. Littlecote Roman Villa is the only fully exposed villa in Britain and features the largest gatehouse ever found in a Roman villa in Britain.

The most memorable Roman remain, however, is a stunning 4th-century mosaic depicting Orpheus, the god of the underworld, arguably the finest Roman mosaic yet discovered in the British Isles.

The Roman Villa

The villa appears to have been built in the 1st century AD, during the first wave of Roman settlement in Britain. It seems to have been only sporadically occupied after that. The villa stands on the south bank of the River Kennett.

The first structure built here was a British round-house erected around 60 AD. Around 120 AD a combined bakery and brewery were built. Like the round-house, the brewery and bakery were built of timber. Around 250 AD the first stone building was erected. This building was altered around 290 AD with a workers' bath in the north corner.

The final and most interesting phase of construction came around 360 AD when the earlier building was largely demolished. The east, north and west walls were kept intact to form part of a new building that may have been a 'telesterion', a sacred precinct dedicated to the cult of Orpheus and Bacchus.

The sacred site included an entrance hall with a double door to a paved courtyard. At the far end of the courtyard is a door giving access to an antechamber with a bath suite to one side and steps on the other leading to a hall with a triple apse - like a three-leaf clover design. This triple apse, or 'triconch', is unique in Britain. The hall was paved with an elaborate mosaic that survives to a remarkable degree.

The Orpheus Mosaic

The mosaic was first mentioned in 1727 by William George, the estate steward for Sir Francis Popham, the owner of the Littlecote estate. The mosaic was discovered when digging post holes for a new fence around a hunting lodge. The mosaic was recorded by the Society of Antiquaries in April 1728. The antiquarian Roger Gale called it 'the finest pavement that the sun ever shone upon England'.

The sun didn't shine on it for long, though, as Sir Francis Popham had it reburied. He seems to have deliberately obscured its location, perhaps to avoid having antiquarians invading his grounds to view it. The mosaic was thought destroyed until it was rediscovered in 1977. Half the tiles had survived, and were replaced with modern terracotta tiles modelled on a 1730 engraving by George Vertue in the library of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.

The mosaic is centred on a figure of Orpheus, the musician and priest of Apollo the sun god surrounded by a larger circle divided into quadrants. Within each quadrant is a female deity, each representing one of the four seasons. Here you see Persephone (Kora) with a goat, Venus (Aphrodite) with a hind, Leda (Nemesis) with a panther, and Demeter with a bull.

The beasts in each scene have been interpreted as transformations of Bacchus (Zagreus), the son of Zeus, when fleeing from the Titans. The entire sequence relates not only to the seasons but to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

The mosaic has been the subject of scholarly debate. Some scholars believe that it was simply made to decorate a summer dining room. The prevailing opinion, however, is that the mosaic and the hall in which it stands were part of a re-purposing of the Littlecote site from a villa to a ceremonial complex.

This complex is thought to have been a collegium, a form of pagan monastery for followers of a sect based on the cult of Bacchus and the legends of Orpheus. Bacchus was considered to be a saviour deity who promised eternal life to his followers.

But why was the Littlecote villa transformed from a farm complex to a sacred site? One possibility is that the transformation occurred during the reign of the pagan emperor Julian the Apostate (reigned 361-363 AD), who rejected Christianity and tried to return the Roman Empire to the 'old religions'. During and after Julian's brief reign pagan temples and shrines in Britain were restored and new ones built. That may be what happened here at Littlecote.

Roman Remains

There's a lot to see in addition to the remarkable Orpheus mosaic. At the site entrance is the East Range with its impressively large gatehouse and a stable building. The gatehouse is huge, with triple arches supporting flanking towers.

The South Range began as an early 3rd-century farm building but was transformed around 270 AD with a bath complex at one end.

The West Range includes the remains of a well, overlaid by a later wall, and a well-preserved hypocaust, or underfloor heating system. Near the south-west corner of the range is a small building that may have ben a smokehouse for curing meat.

Littlecote House

Finds from the Roman villa are on display inside Littlecote House, now a country house hotel. The house was built by Sir George Darrell on the site of an earlier 13th-century mansion. Henry VIII is said to have visited Littlecote House during his courtship of Jane Seymour, his third wife. Sir John Popham inherited Littlecote in 1589 and built the present Elizabethan mansion. Three monarchs stayed at Littlecote House; James I, his grandson Charles II, and William III.

Visitors are welcome to explore the restored formal gardens and view the villa exhibit inside the house. You can also buy a guidebook giving more details about the villa and its history.

Getting There

Littlecote House is located on a country lane two miles west of Hungerford, off the B4192. As you enter the estate grounds you will see signs guided you to parking for visitors to the villa. From the parking area it is a short walk west over level ground to the villa. There are information panels for each of the villa ranges, and another for the Orpheus mosaic, which is protected by a modern building to offer some shelter from the elements. There is no admittance fee.

About Littlecote Roman Villa Address: Littlecote House, Hungerford, Wiltshire, England, RG17 0SU Attraction Type: Roman Site Location: In the grounds of Littlecote House Hotel, off the B4192 two miles west of Hungerford. Follow signs for parking. Website: Littlecote Roman Villa Location map OS: SU297707 Photo Credit: David Ross and Britain Express

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Littlecote Roman Villa

Littlecote Roman Villa in Wiltshire is the only fully exposed Roman villa in Britain. It is a very large villa with an impressive mosaic floor which is open for public to see.

The villa is within the grounds of the Elizabethan mansion of Littlecote House, beside the River Kennet near the Berkshire border. It features the largest gatehouse ever found in a Roman villa in Britain.

The villa was constructed from around AD 170.  At around AD 360, earlier buildings were largely demolished and the site changed from being a large farm to become a ceremonial complex (or ‘Collegium’ – a sort of educational monastery) dedicated to the cult of Orpheus and Bacchus, a cult which went back to ancient Greece.  

By this time, the villa had become one of the largest in Britain. It had around 60 rooms, two bathhouses, many mosaic floors and several heated hypocausts. Many of the buildings were two storeys high and included five tall towers. The villa had a number of detached workshops and barns.

Most notably, it had a magnificent mosaic in a special hall dedicated to the ancient Greek legendary hero Orpheus, which can still be seen today.

The villa's history seems to have been one of continual improvement, enlargement and upgrading during the several hundred years of its occupation - ending as a semi-religious centre which then was abandoned (possibly due to Christian intolerance of paganism) shortly before the withdrawal of the Roman army from Britain.

In 1727-8 William George discovered the Orpheus mosaic whilst digging post-holes, and it was reported as “the finest pavement that the sun ever shone upon in England”.  An engraving and drawing were made and the villa was reburied. Its location eventually disappeared from memory until it was rediscovered in 1976 and the mosaic fully restored by 1980.

The site, situated on the banks of the River Kennet is open to the public. You can park very close by at Littlecote or why not walk from Ramsbury?  There is a 5 mile circular walk from Ramsbury available to download on our website.

Further reading

• Littlecote Roman Villa & Mosaic - Visit Pewsey Vale
• Littlecote Roman Villa - Britain Express

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The Littlecote Roman Mosaic

This article is substantially taken from a longer piece about Littlecote House which can be found at the excellent Hungerford Virtual Museum site . This also contains a large number of articles and photographs relating to almost every aspect of the history of Hungerford and the surrounding area. Many thanks to Hugh Pihlens of the Virtual Museum for his permission to reuse this: and also for allowing us to reproduce his photographs here.

The earliest reference to a Roman site at Littlecote was in 1727 when William George, estate steward to Sir Francis Popham, first uncovered the Orpheus mosaic. It was described as “the finest pavement that the sun ever shone upon in England”. An engraving and a drawing were made, from which a tapestry was created. This tapestry hung in Littlecote House until 1985, since when it has been in the Ashmolean Library (Museum), Oxford (although not currently on public display: recent enquiries with the museum revealed that its whereabouts in their collection were unknown. Hopefully this is merely a matter of record keeping).

After its discovery and recording, the mosaic and the villa were reburied, and declared lost. In 1976, however, the villa was rediscovered and in April 1978 the owner Sir Seton Wills founded a long term research project, led by Bryn Walters. This was covered by Country Life on 14 September 1978 ( Lifting the Littlecote Mosaic ): click here to see the article . The then owner Peter de Savary continued his support of the excavation until it was completed in 1991.

The villa and mosaic can be visited without prior appointment but, particularly in the winter, it’s as well to call first to check that the mosaic is not covered (as is sometimes necessary). Guided tours can also be arranged. Please contact Littlecote on 01488 682 509.

• Brian Quinn
• August 14, 2018
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Littlecote Roman Villa - 1. Introduction

You are in [ Places ] [ Great Estates ] [ Littlecote House ] [Littlecote Roman Villa - 1. Introduction]

1. Introduction

The seven sections about the villa:.

- Littlecote Roman Villa - 1. Introduction.

- Littlecote Roman Villa - 2. The history of the villa, AD 60 - 1700.

-  Littlecote Roman Villa - 3. The Discovery of the mosaic, 1727.

-  Littlecote Roman Villa - 4. The Rediscovery and restoration of the villa, 1976-1991.

-  Littlecote Roman Villa - 5. The Conservation Plan, 2019-2024.

-  Littlecote Roman Villa - 6. Exploring and Understanding the villa today.

- Littlecote Roman Villa - 7. The artefacts found during the excavations.

Introduction:

In a corner of rolling farmland on the banks of the River Kennet near the Wiltshire/ Berkshire border in the grounds of Littlecote House Hotel, lie the remains of one of the few Roman villas in Britain open to the public.

The Roman word 'villa' originally meant a farm and its outbuidings. Today it is often used to  describe all types of Roman houses built in the countryside, from small farms to vast country mansions. Some villas wer large and wealthy, furnished with mosaicss, wall paintings, hypocaust heating and bath suites. Littlecote is one of these. We know of about 1000 villas across Britain. This is no doubt only a fraction of the actual number that once existed.

Shortly after the Roman invasion of AD 43 in what is now Kent, roads were built west and north. One such military road was built running west through what is now Littlecote Park. A small military presence guarded the nearby river crossing. In c.AD 60 a British roundhouse was built here, enlarged c.AD 120 a combined bakery and brewery was built. Like the roundhouse, the brewery and bakery structure was built of timber.

Around AD 170 the first stone building was erected, and over the two centuries more changes were made, as this essentially farm complex grew.

The final and most interesting phase of construction came around AD 360 when the earlier buildings were largely demolished, and the site changed from being a large farm to become a ceremonial complex (or  'Collegium'  - a sort of educational monastery) dedicated to the cult of Orpheus and Bacchus, a cult which went back to ancient Greece.

By this time, the villa had become large, covering more than one hectare, among the largest in Britain. The courtyard measures 105 x 70m; the villa measures 120 x 100m.

It had around 60 rooms, two bathhouses, many mosaic floors and several heated hypocausts.

Most notably, it had a magnificent mosaic in a special hall dedicated to the ancient Greek legendary hero Orpheus.

The Roman remains were later abandoned and became buried beneath part of an extensive medieval village, which was itself dismantled in the 15th century, when the original Littlecote House was built, to make way for a hunting park. In the 17th century a hunting-lodge was built immediately adjacent to the buried mosaic.

The gradual development and changes at the villa over about 350 years from its origins c.AD 60 until its abandonment in the early fifth century AD offer an intriguing insight into life in this part of southern Britain, notably life in wealthy Romano-British circles in the mid-4th century. 

The earliest reference to a Roman site at Littlecote was in 1727 when William George, estate steward to Francis Popham (then owner of Littlecote), first uncovered the Orpheus mosaic. It was described as "the finest pavement that the sun ever shone upon in England". An engraving and a drawing were made, from which a needlework replica was created. 

After its discovery and recording, the mosaic and the villa were reburied, and declared lost.

In 1976 the villa was rediscovered, and in April 1978 the owner Sir Seton Wills founded a long term research project, led by Bryn Walters.

See  "Lifting the Littlecote Mosaic", Country Life, 14 Sep 1978 .

Peter de Savary continued his support of the excavations until they were completed in 1991.

The villa is large, and complex. The Orphic building is thought to date from c AD 360-365.

Why is the Littlecote Roman Villa so special?

• It is the largest exposed Roman villa in Britain  • It is one of the best-preserved Roman villas above ground in Britain • It had the largest gatehouse of any Roman villa in Britain • It had the earliest triconch (triple apse) hall in the Roman world • It has the finest Orpheus mosaic on display in Britain – the fourth largest and arguably the finest Roman mosaic on display in Britain.

To read more, see - Littlecote Roman Villa - 2. The history of the villa, AD 60 - 1700.

-  Littlecote Roman Villa - 6. Exploring and Understanding the villa today.  

- Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire, 1978 - First Interim Report

- Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire, 1979 & 80 - Second Interim Report

- Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire, 1981 & 82 - Third Interim Report and Guide

- Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire, 1983 & 84 - Site Guide and Fourth Interim Report

- Littlecote Roman Villa - Illustrated Guide

- "Littlecote", Current Archaeology December 1981

- "Orpheus and the Gentleman Farmer" - a BBC "Chronicle" episode, 1981.

Other interpretations of the site:

The interpretation of this important Roman Villa described in these sections of the Virtual Museum are firmly based on the expert opinion of the archaeologists Bernard Phillips and Bryn Walters.

However, it is important to point out that not all experts agree with the central premise of the villa becoming a  temenos of the Orphic cult around 360AD. 

You can read a MA dissertation written by Paris Quewezance Howe (Edinburgh University, 2023) which gives a different view.

References and further reading:

• HOSTETTER E. and HOWE T.N. 1997. The Romano-British Villa at Castle Copse, Great Bedwyn. • KRAUTHEIMER, R. 1965. Early Christian Churches and Byzantine Architecture, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books • LAVIN, I. 1962. ‘The House of the Lord’. Aspects of the role of palace triclinia in the architecture of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Art Quarterly 44, 1-27 • PHILLIPS, B. and WALTERS, B: o Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire 1978, First Interim Report o Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire 1979 & 80, Second Interim Report o Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire 1981 & 82, Third Interim Report and Guide o Archaeological Excavations in Littlecote Park Wiltshire 1983 & 84, Site Guide and Fourth Interim Report • WALTERS, B. 1984. The ‘Orpheus’ mosaic in Littlecote Park, England. III Colloquio Internazionale sul Mosaic Antico. Ravenna 6-10 Settembre 1980, Bologna • WALTERS, B. 1994. Littlecote Roman Villa. Illustrated Guide, Swindon: Roman Research Marketing

Painting by Clive Constable (of the Ermine Street Guard). Possibly painted for advertising in 1980, but never used. Found by Bryn Walters in his sister's house 2022.

- Cunetio Roman Town, Report of archaeology project by Wessex Archaeology, July 2011.

- Roman Britain website (no mention of Littlecote!).

Hungerford, England, is a market town of about 5,900 people at the Berkshire / Wiltshire border. Find us

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Littlecote House, Hungerford

This Grade I listed Tudor manor is bursting with history, having played host to Romans, a Civil War Army and the planning of the D-Day landings. The beautiful 34 hectares of grounds contain an ornate Roman mosaic floor and settlement remains.

There is plenty to do for active guests ranging from two tennis courts and an outdoor bowling green, to an indoor pool, sauna and steam room. For those wishing to explore a little further out, the famous market town of Marlborough is a mere 20-minute drive away.

Location: Littlecote House Hotel, Hungerford, Berkshire, RG17 0SU

Total no of rooms: 208 (64 Standard rooms, 111 Signature Rooms, 19 Historic Rooms, 14 Contemporary Royale Rooms)

Hotel: Built in the mid-1500s, this beautiful Grade I listed Tudor manor has a truly unique story. History is literally on the doorstep: the stunning location has played host to occupying Romans, a Tudor tryst and even a Civil War army. All of this comes with outstanding service, live entertainment every night, and a host of activities from audio tours of the old house, to tennis, archery, swimming and rifle shooting.

Garden space: 113 acres of gardens and rolling parkland. The grounds contain an ornate Roman mosaic floor and settlement remains.

The Popham restaurant: Named after Judge Popham, one of the original owners of the House, the restaurant serves breakfasts and three-course evening meals. Caters up to 348 guests.

Kennet Bar : Serves light lunches and snacks plus evening drinks. Caters up to 66 guests.

Late lounge: The main entertainment venue of the hotel, boasting a grand stage and dance floor.

Master George’s Coffee Shop: Named after ‘Master George’ who was one of the children residents when Littlecote was a privately owned house. Open for afternoon tea, hot and cold drinks, lunch, and cake throughout the day. Caters up to 36 guests.

Interesting facts:

• Roman mosaic within the grounds.
• Henry VIII courted Jane Seymour in the Great Hall at Littlecote House.
• The airborne landings on D-Day were planned in the library and was the headquarters of US 101st Army in World War 2.
• England’s last remaining Cromwellian Chapel in a private house is here.
• War museum with Band of Brothers artefacts, cared for by ‘Kennet Valley War Trust’.
• 18th-century hand painted Dutch parlour, thought to be early work by William Hogarth.
• Close for visiting Avebury, Stonehenge, Bath, or Highclere Castle where Downtown Abbey was filmed.
• England’s third most haunted building.
• Past owners include ‘wild’ William Darrell, accused of two murders and Judge Popham, the leading judge in the trial of both Guy Fawkes and Sir Walter Raleigh.
• Spa facilities, plus treatments and makeup in partnership with Temple Spa, Jessica and Mii Cosmetics.

PLEASE DIRECT ANY MEDIA ENQUIRIES OR PRESS TRIP REQUESTS TO  [email protected]

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Boris Pasternak's museum house

Pasternak’s “important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition" was honored with a Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958. For many readers outside Russia, Pasternak is known mainly as the author of the touching historical novel Doctor Zhivago written in 1957. The novel as a whole communicates the haphazard, uncertain and chaotic quality of life caused by the Russian Revolution and the heroic case of quiet humanism demonstrated by a single person.

Pasternak’s translations of Georgian poets favored by Joseph Stalin probably saved his life during the purges of the 1930’s. However, the individualistic Pasternak was not suited to the Soviet artistic climate when art was required to have a clear socialism-inspired agenda and so Russian publishers were unwilling to print Pasternak’s novel. In fact, Doctor Zhivago first appeared in Italy in 1957.

Pasternak won his Nobel Prize the following year. Despite Pasternak politely declining his Nobel Prize quoting: “because of the significance given to this award in the society to which I belong”, the award nevertheless spread his fame well beyond Russia. He ended his life in virtual exile in an artist's community in Peredelkino village. His last poems are devoted to love, to freedom and to reconciliation with God.

Pasternak was rehabilitated posthumously in 1987. In 1988, after being banned for three decades, "Doctor Zhivago" was published in the USSR. In 1989 Pasternak's son accepted his father's Nobel medal in Stockholm.

Pastenak loved his house in Peredelkino, the house and surrounding nature featuring in his poetry. The poet considered the cycle of poems "Peredelkino", which he completed in the spring of 1941, to be his best work. The poet spent the first difficult months of the war in Peredelkino; he completed the novel "Doctor Zhivago" here, wrote the Lara poems and translated Shakespeare and Goethe. It was in this house that he learned he was to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature on October 23rd 1958. He died here on May 30 1960.

The house in Peredelkino only acquired the status of a museum in 1990, thirty years after the poet's death and a century after his birth. The museum has fully preserved the environment and atmosphere of the house where Boris Pasternak lived and worked. The director of the museum is Elena Pasternak, grandaughter of Boris Pasternak.

Pasternak’s grave can be found in Peredelkino cemetery which is situated 20 minutes walk from the poet’s house.

Tour duration: 6-7 hours

Tour cost: English -  150 USD, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese - 180 USD

Additional expenses: car - 150 USD, or train - 10 USD

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Around the Moscow Kremlin : virtual tour - Moscow Forum

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Around the Moscow Kremlin : virtual tour

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http://zxc.orgfree.com/content/vt_around_kremlin.php

Integrates satellite photos of a GoogleMaps and 26 Moscow 3D panorama near the Kremlin.

What a wonderful site, and great pictures. Thank you for posting it, M Zed.

I just want to write and expres my thanks, as well.

[email protected]

Probably, I can create a page about it on a site in a similar kind with use GoogleMaps.

For example:

- Moscow Kremlin :

http://zxc.orgfree.com/content/kremlin.php

and Cathedral Sqaure in Kremlin :

http://zxc.orgfree.com/content/cathedral_sqaure.php

- Red Square :

http://zxc.orgfree.com/content/red_square.php

- Saint Basil's Cathedral :

http://zxc.orgfree.com/content/saint_basils.php

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Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) museum - virtual tour

• Thread starter Silencer1
• Start date 1 April 2017

That now I am the Ruler of the Queen's Navee!

• 1 April 2017

Here is the virtual tour to see the exhibition of MAI' museum. Lot of personnel' photos and memorabilia. No real aircraft, but a number of scale models and some curious projects. http://artstudio-3d.ru/www-77/mai/index.html Use the navigation arrows on the page' down edge. Some teasers:  

Attachments

ACCESS: USAP

Amazing find my dear Silencer, but who can ID them ?,and thanks.  

From left to right - Grach (Rook), Foton (Photon) and Semurg  

Thank you my dear Flateric.  

• 2 April 2017

As supplement to MAI museum - page of OSKBES (Design Bureau of an Experimental Aircraft Construction of Aircraft Constructing Faculty) of the same university. English and Russian versions available. Some historical background: http://www.oskbes.ru/about-h-e.html Flying machines (from aircraft to dirigibles, from UAVs to autogyros): http://www.oskbes.ru/prod-e.html Including Photon, testbed for wing boundary layer control.  

There were two various MAI aircrafts dubbed Photon. First one - an multipurpose general aviaton type based on several students projects under auspices of chief designer Badyagin - is on exibit at museum. corrected  

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