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TRAVEL & STUDY

Travel & practical information.

The UK left the EU on 1 February 2020. The transition period ended on 31 December 2020. The fact that the UK is now a third country vis-à-vis the EU brings significant changes to daily life for citizens and businesses.

This page tries to bring in one place practical information and external links. The EU Delegation cannot take responsibility for such third-party content. Please always check with the relevant national authorities. 

Travel and practical information

EU citizens may need a visa to come to the UK and should  check if they need one  before travelling. General rules applicable to EU visits are found  here . 

EU citizens are allowed to travel to the UK visa-free for up to six months, if they do not intend to work in the UK or study. An EU citizen may enter the UK multiple times during six months, but may not in effect live in the UK by means of repeated or continuous visits. Business travel between the EU and the UK is also more restricted than under Single Market rules. TCA facilitates some aspects of the mobility of professionals for business purposes (so called “mode 4” under GATS rules) relating to intra-corporate transferees, contractual service suppliers or independent professionals as well as business visitors. 

New rules also apply to the type and validity of travel documents that the UK accepts – as from October 2021  most EU citizens will need a valid passport  to enter the UK. However, citizens under the EU Settlement Scheme  can still continue to use their national identity cards  and they have this right for life.  

Some products of animal origin are prohibited for introduction in the EU. Mutual recognition of driving licences is not always automatic. Pets travelling from the UK to the EU and to Northern Ireland need an animal health certificate by an official veterinarian. 

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Do I need a visa to enter the EU? Rules for UK travellers explained

By Abigail Malbon

Since the  UK left the EU in January 2021 , the rules on travel have changed – but do British travellers need to have a visa to enter EU countries now? Here’s what you need to know about the current rules, and what to expect in future.

Do I need a visa to enter the EU?

At the time of writing (June 2022), if you’re travelling from the UK you will not need a visa to enter any country within the EU.

UK travellers are able to spend a maximum of 90 days in every 180 within the European Union without a visa – for longer stays, you will be required to apply for a separate visa for the country you intend to be in.

However, the rules are set to change, and UK travellers will be required to have a visa waiver to enter the EU in the future.

Will I need a visa to enter the EU in future?

Yes and no – technically it's a visa waiver. British citizens no longer enjoy the freedom of movement throughout the EU due to Brexit, and will therefore have to follow the same system that applies to residents from other countries in the world, including the  USA  and  Australia .

The European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is set to come into force at the end of 2022, which means that UK travellers will need an official ETIAS visa waiver in order to visit countries within the European Union. This will apply to anyone entering or transiting through an EU country on a British passport between the ages of 18 and 70 and will cost €7. It will be required for trips of up to 90 days for both tourists and business travellers and will need to be obtained at least 96 hours before departure.

The good news is, once you have the ETIAS visa waiver it will last for three years, so you won’t need to keep renewing every time you travel; just when it runs out, or if you get a new passport.

Do I need a visa to move to an EU country?

If you’re a British citizen, yes. The type of visa you need and the application process for long stays will depend on the country’s own rules – there is no blanket long-stay visa for anyone entering from outside the EU. If you intend to move to a country within the European Union it’s best to search online for your visa options; here you will find the requirements to do so.

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Everything you need to know about travel to Europe after Brexit

Do you need a visa to travel to the EU after Brexit? Here’s how the rules are looking in 2024

Way back in 2020, the UK left the EU and Brexit took effect. Since then, a hell of a lot has changed about how we travel. There’s now plenty of extra stuff to think about when planning a trip overseas to Europe (especially if it’s for longer periods). So, we ’ve rounded up all the changes to the rules that we’ll have to follow, now that we’re no longer EU citizens. Here is everything you need to know.

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You should probably check your passport

Up until January 2021, all UK citizens with a valid passport were able to travel freely throughout Europe. Now, though, you may need to renew your passport much earlier than you might think. On the day you travel, your passport must have at least six months left before it expires, or you might not be able to travel to any EU countries, or the EEA states of Iceland , Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland . (The old rules still apply for travel to Ireland.)

You can check if you need to renew your passport before travelling using this tool from the British government, and you can apply for a new one here . Make sure you renew it at least a couple of months before you’re planning to travel, as it may take several weeks to process applications in busy times (including right now).

You can no longer apply for an EHIC

Your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) will remain valid until its expiry date, but you can no longer apply for a new one. In 2021, the UK government launched a replacement scheme, the Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) , which will entitle you to necessary state healthcare for free or at reduced cost in Europe and other countries with reciprocal arrangements such as Australia and New Zealand . You can apply for one on the official GHIC website .

Free mobile roaming is a thing of the past

The guarantee of free mobile roaming throughout the EU, the Schengen area and the Norway, Iceland and Liechenstein, came to an end on December 31, 2020. It ’s best to c heck with your phone operator to find out about any charges you may incur in the country you’re travelling to.

Border checks may feel a little different

At border control, you will now need to use separate lanes from EU citizens when queuing. Officials may also be more inquisitive than before, asking you to provide a return or onward ticket and prove that you have enough money for the length of your initial stay.

Your driving licence will still be valid – but you’ll need a ‘green card’ proving you have insurance too

Despite reports British drivers would soon have to apply for an ‘international driving permit’ before travelling to the Continent, according to the terms of the Brexit deal, UK licences will still be valid within the EU.

According to this advice by the Foreign Office , you do not need a ‘green card’ (proving you have car insurance cover when driving abroad) when driving in the EU. However, countries where they do apply include Albania, Azerbijan, Moldova, Türkiye and Ukraine. 

Visas are now required for longer stays

If you’re a tourist, you won’t need a visa for short trips to most EU and EEA countries. You will be able to stay for a maximum of 90 days in any 180-day period. To stay for longer than 90 days, or if you ’re working,  you will have to get a visa or travel permit.

The EU has set up this short-term stay visa calculator to help travellers calculate how much longer they can stay in Europe. Visit the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s ‘travel advice’ pages  to find out the application process for each country.

The rules for Bulgaria, Croatia , Cyprus and Romania will be different (this is because they aren ’t in the Schengen area ): visits to those four countries will not count towards the 90-day total. 

These arrangements are up to date as of January 2024. They may change, so check back soon for the latest updates on travel to Europe.

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From queues to visa waivers, here’s how Brexit has changed travel for Brits

Three years on from the end of the Brexit transition period, here are all the new rules Brits have to follow when leaving or entering the EU.

Three years ago today, the Brexit transition period ended and Britain officially exited the European Union.

The fallout has touched every facet of British life , with many blaming the current cost of living crisis on Brexit. 

Travel has also been unalterably changed, with freedom of movement impeded and new visa restrictions to contend with..

So how have things changed - and what’s next for British travellers to the bloc?

• Post-Brexit rules force Eurostar trains to run with hundreds of empty seats
• When will new EU border checks come into force? Everything you need to know about EES and ETIAS

What is the 90-day rule and how does it apply to Brits?

Before Brexit , Brits could stay as long as they liked in the EU provided they abided by a country’s rules. Now, they’re subject to the ’90 day rule.’

For trips to the Schengen area - covering most EU nations plus Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and several micro-states - you can stay a maximum of 90 days in any 180.

If you’re uncertain whether or not your trip falls within the guidelines, the European Union has an online short stay visa calculator.

In general travellers are given three days’ grace on breaking the 90-day limit - but breaches could lead to a one-year entry ban.

Read this article for full details on what could happen if you overstay the 90-day limit.

• France, Italy and Spain: Everything expats need to know about post-Brexit residence permits
• Need to renew your UK passport? Here's how much it will cost and how long it will take

Do British people need a visa for the EU? How ETIAS and EES will work

Currently, Brits do not have to apply in advance to visit the European Union. But that will change when the new European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) scheme launches in November 2023.

This system will require Brits to register online and pay in advance for an ETIAS permit to visit the bloc. This permit is a ‘visa waiver’ rather than a visa.

Visitors will need to apply for ETIAS online before their trip at a cost of €7. If they are accepted, the authorisation will be valid for three years.

This system will be managed through the Entry-Exit System (EES). Travellers will need to scan their passports or other travel document at a self-service kiosk each time they cross an EU external border. It will not apply to legal residents or those with long stay visas.

Read this article for full details on the ETIAS and EES schemes.

UK passports: What’s changed since Brexit?

Before Brexit, you didn’t need a passport to travel to and from the bloc - any type of ID like a driver’s licence sufficed.

Now, travellers do need to pack their passports. On top of this, your passport must comply with the validity requirements for “third country” visitors to the European Union.

Your passport will need to be valid for at least three months after the date you intend to leave the EU country you are visiting.

The passport is also only valid up to 10 years from the date of issue. Be careful - this can be earlier than the stated expiry date on the passport.

Read this article to make sure you don’t fall foul of new EU rules for British passport holders.

Are British passports more or less powerful since Brexit?

The 2022 passport index - which ranks the mobility power of every passport - describes the UK as one of 2022’s “losers” due to ramped up European restrictions.

A passport is ‘powerful’ if the people who hold it can travel visa-free to plenty of countries.

United Arab Emirates passport holders, for example, can travel visa-free - or ‘visa-on-arrival’ - to 180 countries. Citizens of Afghanistan can do so to just 38.

Brits still currently enjoy a visa-on-arrival to EU countries, a privilege they will enjoy until the ETIAS system comes in. This means they have more freedom of movement than many other country nationals when it comes to visiting Europe.

• Post-Brexit passport blunder could mean Brits are owed thousands
• When do you need to renew your passport to travel to Europe post-Brexit?

Have there been longer border queues and delays since Brexit?

For those who voted for Britain to stay in the EU, restricted movement between countries was one of their biggest fears.

When travelling through EU airports, fast-track lanes for passport control are no longer open to British travellers, meaning longer queues.

This has had knock-on impacts for travel providers. Rail operator Eurostar have been vocal on post-Brexit impacts on their services and customers.

Most recently, Eurostar has intentionally been leaving hundreds of tickets unsold as it struggles to deal with the bottlenecks caused by more rigorous passport checks.

As a result, trains from London to Paris or London to Amsterdam are running with nearly one-third of their seats empty.

In July, French border control blamed long queues for the ferry channel crossing on Brexit passport check requirements.

However, not all countries are abiding by EU rules. In April last year, Portugal started fast-tracking UK travellers at its airports, defying bloc regulations to allow British tourists access to e-gates.

Are British travellers subjected to special rules since Brexit?

Some countries have subjected British passport holders to new requirements. For example, under post-Brexit rules, Spanish border officials can ask travellers to show that they have ‘economic resources’ to cover the cost of their trip.

This amounts to €100 for each day of their trip.

The Spanish Tourism Office come out and said that the rule is not “systematically applied” to each traveller and that they apply to all third-countries.

What are your experiences of post-Brexit travel? Has it been worse or better than before 31 January 2020? Let us know via Twitter or Instagram .

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How are Brexit travel restrictions easing – outbound and inbound?

Exclusive: everything you need to know about significant changes to the rules the uk asked for after leaving the eu, article bookmarked.

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After the vote to leave the EU, the decades-long ease with which the British have holidayed , worked and lived in other member states has ended.

The UK negotiated for British travellers to the Schengen Area (covering much of Europe ) to be limited to a stay of 90 days in any 180 days . So UK passport holders with second homes in the European Union cannot spend more than three months of the winter living there, unless they have a hard-to-obtain long-stay visa.

Conversely, the UK has made it much tougher for many European visitors to come to Britain – insisting they have passports rather than national ID cards. That decision has devastated inbound tourism in some areas of the UK.

Yet both these policies, chosen by the British government, are beginning to unwind.

These are the key questions and answers on how travel rules are easing between the UK and Europe.

What was the situation while the UK was in the EU?

Right up until the end of 2020, which included the Brexit transition period, British travellers could stay as long as they wished in the European Union, up to and including their passport expiry date (UK citizens who happen also to have a passport from Ireland or another EU nation still enjoy this freedom).

But when negotiating the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement, the government arranged for the UK to be treated as a “third country”. This means British travellers are subject to exactly the same restrictions as passport holders from many other states, such as Venezuela, Tonga and East Timor. Yet unlike those countries, the UK has extremely close ties with the European Union.

Were we expecting to join that particular club?

No. Immediately after the 2016 referendum, Boris Johnson assured UK travellers nothing would change after Brexit. He said: “British people will still be able to go and work in the EU; to live; to study; to buy homes and settle down.” That turned out not to be true.

At around the same time, his colleague, David Davis, the first Brexit secretary, promised: “There will be no downside to Brexit, only a considerable upside.”

What are the current rules for British travellers to the EU?

While the UK was in the EU, the fact that many British passports were issued for over 10 years was irrelevant. But the issue date is now significant. A UK passport must now comply with two rules for travel to the European Union and wider Schengen Area :

• Day of arrival in the EU: less than 10 years since issue.
• Day of intended departure from the EU: at least three months remaining to expiry.

These two rules are independent of each other, so ignore any nonsense you may have read insisting “UK passports run out after nine years and nine months”.

Third-country nationals may also be asked to justify their travel plans, including financial means, accommodation arrangements and a ticket out of the Schengen Area before they exceeed the stay limit.

Just remind me about the Schengen Area?

This is the “passport-free” zone for travel between most European nations. It is named after the village of Schengen in Luxembourg, which is on the border of France and Germany – a symbolic location, where the former frontier infrastructure is now out of use.

The Schengen Area includes almost all the EU countries except Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland and Romania – plus Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland and the Vatican City.

How long can I stay in the Schengen Area?

“British citizens do not require a visa if spending up to 90 days over a 180-day period in the Schengen Area,” says the French government.

The simplest way to look at this: if you enter the Schengen Area on 1 January 2024, having not been in the zone for the previous 90 days, you would be able to stay there until the end of March. You would then need to remain outside of Schengen for another 90 days, until late June.

Of course most people will have more complex travel plans than this. The question to ask on the day you plan to travel to the Schengen Area is: going back 180 days (almost six months), on how many days have you been in the the zone?

If the answer is less than 90 days in the past 180 days, you are entitled to enter the Schengen Area. But how long you can stay depends on a “rolling count” – on each day, you must look back 180 days and work out how many days you have been in the zone.

What happens if I overstay?

Third-country travellers are generally given three days’ grace on breaking the 90-day limit. Any longer than that and they are likely to be handed an entry ban for one year. This applies throughout the Schengen Area – not just the country in which you overstayed.

I want to stay longer. Can I?

Many British people with second homes in France or a tradition of spending winter in Spain are in this position: they do not want nor need residence, but simply want to stay longer than three months.

Each country has its own version of a long-stay visitor visa. For France, the answer is a visa de long séjour (VLS-T). The six-month version entitles the holder to make multiple trips to France. To get one, you will need to provide evidence of income and/or financial resources. You must attend an interview in London, Manchester or Edinburgh, have fingerprints taken and pay €99 (£87) for the visa along with a processing fee of about £30.

Spain has a similar “long duration” visa, for which you have to submit:

• a medical certificate showing you pose no threat to the Spanish people
• an official document confirming you have not been in trouble in the past five years
• evidence of at least £2,000 per month to support your intended stay.

You must attend an interview at a Spanish consulate general in London or Edinburgh.

A long-stay permit for a specific EU country does not mean that you are entitled to spend more than 90 days in 180 in other Schengen Area nations. But any time spent in the country for which you have a visa does not count towards the 90-day tally.

What is changing?

Some local politicians in France have been campaigning for their government to make it easier for British property owners to stay longer than 90 days.

UK citizens with second homes in France can make a useful social and economic contribution to communities, especially in rural area. Kicking them out after less than three months – in accordance with the rules the British government asked for – stops them spending money in the locality and supporting businesses and cultural events.

On 19 December 2023, the Senate and National Assembly in Paris voted in principle to grant long-stay visas to British property owners more or less automatically.

The exact amendment notes that life has got much more difficult for British property owners since Brexit: “If these difficulties find their roots in the sovereign decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, the fact remains that many of their nationals actively participate in the dynamism of the local economy in our territories.

“Thus, in view of the unique links which unite our two countries and the importance of this public for the French economy, this appeal amendment wishes, by way of derogation, to ease the conditions of entry into French territory for British citizens who own second homes in France.”

If it is rubber-stamped, it would allow British property owners to spend as much of the year as they wish in France. Any time spent in France will not count towards the 90-day limit in the rest of the Schengen Area.

Stephen Jolly, of the pressure group France Visa Free, said: “France is helping us solve the 90-in-180-day problem for some British visitors.

“Eventually we want to see a truly reciprocal mobility arrangement between the UK and each EU country. But for the time being this change in French law is huge. It shows that the French are willing to address the adverse effects of Brexit.”

Surely this must apply throughout the EU – not just France?

No. While the common Schengen Area rules are decided in Brussels and cannot be modified by individual states, each EU nation is sovereign and is free to offer long-stay visas for its own territory to anyone it wishes.

What is different for Ireland?

Freedom of movement for UK citizens and unlimited length of stay in Ireland is guaranteed under the provisions of the Common Travel Agreement . Any time spent by British travellers in the Republic does not count towards the time limitations for the rest of Europe.

People who live in Northern Ireland are exempt from the 90/180 rule if they have a passport from the Irish Republic, which is easily obtained by most people in Northern Ireland. They have an automatic right to travel anywhere in the Schengen Area and other EU countries, even though Ireland is outside the Schengen Area.

The government in Dublin says: “Irish citizens continue to have EU citizenship wherever they live. They continue to enjoy the right to travel and live and work anywhere in the EU.”

Do the EU countries outside Schengen have different rules?

Each of Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania has its own individual 90/180 day limits. A British traveller could therefore effectively keep “flipping” between Schengen and those other countries – though frontier officials may demand to see evidence of financial means.

What about travel to the UK for Europeans?

One of the flagship Brexit policies on immigration was to end the right for Europeans to travel to the UK using national identity cards . In October 2021, the then-home secretary Priti Patel banned what she called “the use of insecure ID cards for people to enter our country”. She said it was imperative to “clamp down on the criminals that seek to enter our country illegally using forged documents”.

The consequences of banning IDs?

The ban disenfranchised more than 200 million European Union citizens who have ID cards but not passports from visiting the UK. It almost wiped out the previously healthy inbound tourism from groups of EU schoolchildren. Many diverted to the remaining European Union nations where English is the main language: Ireland and Malta.

The UK Institute of Tourist Guiding reported a 99 per cent drop in school group bookings from Europe for summer 2022 compared with pre-Brexit, pre-Covid 2019. And Patricia Yates, chief executive of VisitBritain, told MPs: “You will find destinations like Hastings absolutely decimated by a lack of school visits.”

What has changed now?

In December 2023, the current home secretary, James Cleverly, announced a U-turn . He said: “We are making changes to allow children aged 18 and under, studying at a school in France, to visit the UK on an organised educational trip without the usual passport or visit visa requirements.

“EU, other EEA and Swiss national children will be able to travel on their national identity card.”

Lord Ricketts, chair of the European Affairs Committee said: “We now urge the government to get this extended to children studying in all EU states for the benefit of both sides.”

How does the UK benefit from allowing in tourists with ID cards?

European citizens can use their national identity cards to visit any EU/Schengen Area country, as well as a number beyond those borders. With such extensive freedom to travel with a document that they have to own anyway, many Europeans do not bother with the red tape and expense of procuring a passport.

While some prospective travellers may obtain a passport specifically to visit the UK, many will not.

The United Kingdom has therefore restricted access to the closest thing any country can get to free money: inbound tourism. Overseas visitors bring highly desirable social and economic benefits. They boost local amenities, create jobs and improve international understanding.

What does the UK government say now?

“This is a hugely exciting time for our country, one filled with potential and opportunity.

“This is a government that possesses the ambition and determination the UK needs to succeed now and for many years to come.”

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Travel, Tourism & Hospitality

Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). A paid subscription is required for full access.

• Number of visits from the European Union to the UK 2011-2022

Number of visits from the European Union to the United Kingdom (UK) from 2011 to 2022 (in millions)

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United Kingdom

2011 to 2022

2020 data was not available due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 2021 data excludes the Eurotunnel and the Irish border. Figures can be found under tab 2.02 of the source's Excel file. Estimates based on the International Passenger Survey (IPS) . Interviews are conducted with passengers arriving and departing from the country and include visits for all purposes, including for vacation, business, study, visiting friends and family, and other leisure purposes. The data for 2019 was produced using a new improved estimation method. Figures from 2009 to 2018 shown here have been revised according to the new method. The impact of the improved methodology can be viewed here .

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Statistics on " Brexit and the EU-UK travel industry "

• Distribution of inbound visits to the UK 2011-2022, by EU and non-EU visitors
• Inbound tourist spending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by region of residence
• Monthly inbound visits from the EU to the UK 2018-2023
• Inbound visits from the EU to the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by purpose
• Inbound visits from Europe to the UK 2019, by country of residence
• Spending of EU visitors in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2019
• Spending of EU visitors in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by travel purpose
• United Kingdom: share of outbound visits to Europe 2011-2019
• Monthly outbound visits from the UK to the EU 2018-2019
• Number of visits to the EU by UK residents 2019, by purpose of trip
• UK outbound travel: average length of stay in the EU 2019, by purpose of trip
• Number of visits to the EU from the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by length of stay
• UK outbound travel: nights spent in the European Union (EU) 2011-2019
• Businesses employing at least one EU national in the UK 2017, by industry
• UK businesses recruiting EU nationals for hard-to-fill vacancies 2017, by industry
• UK businesses recruiting EU nationals in response to skills gaps 2017, by industry
• Migrant workers in the hospitality industry in the UK 2011-2016, by occupation
• EU migrant workers in hospitality industries in the UK 2011-2016, by occupation
• EU migrant workforce in the hospitality sector in England 2016, by region
• United Kingdom perceived effect of Brexit on cost of travel in the EU 2016, by age
• Brexit: impact on travel frequency in the next 12 months in the UK 2015
• Brexit impact on long haul travel plans in the United Kingdom (UK) 2016, by age group
• Brexit impact: average number of long-haul trips planned from the UK 2016, by age
• Biggest influences on travel plans following the Brexit vote in the UK 2016
• Main ways Brexit has affected vacations and travel in the United Kingdom (UK) 2017
• Brexit: increase in UK outbound holiday companies' operating costs & prices 2016-2019
• UK holiday travelers' concerns about Brexit 2017
• Brexit travel concerns for remain and leave voters in the United Kingdom (UK) 2017
• UK survey: expected impact of the EU referendum on holidays to the EU 2017
• Europe: concern regarding travel to Britain since the EU referendum 2016-2018
• Pro-Brexit attitudes on the need of a visa in the EU post-Brexit 2016, by age group
• Likelihood of tourists to visit Britain following the EU referendum 2018, by market
• Likelihood of tourists to visit Britain following the EU referendum 2018, by age
• Britain's reputation among international tourists since the EU referendum 2018

Other statistics that may interest you Brexit and the EU-UK travel industry

EU visitors to the UK

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• Premium Statistic Number of visits from the European Union to the UK 2011-2022
• Premium Statistic Monthly inbound visits from the EU to the UK 2018-2023
• Premium Statistic Inbound visits from the EU to the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by purpose
• Premium Statistic Inbound visits from Europe to the UK 2019, by country of residence
• Premium Statistic Spending of EU visitors in the United Kingdom (UK) 2011-2019
• Premium Statistic Spending of EU visitors in the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by travel purpose

UK travel to the EU

• Premium Statistic United Kingdom: share of outbound visits to Europe 2011-2019
• Premium Statistic Number of UK visits to the European Union 2011-2022
• Premium Statistic Monthly outbound visits from the UK to the EU 2018-2019
• Premium Statistic Number of visits to the EU by UK residents 2019, by purpose of trip
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• Premium Statistic UK outbound travel: average length of stay in the EU 2019, by purpose of trip
• Premium Statistic Number of visits to the EU from the United Kingdom (UK) 2019, by length of stay
• Premium Statistic UK outbound travel: nights spent in the European Union (EU) 2011-2019

Tourism workforce

• Premium Statistic Businesses employing at least one EU national in the UK 2017, by industry
• Premium Statistic UK businesses recruiting EU nationals for hard-to-fill vacancies 2017, by industry
• Premium Statistic UK businesses recruiting EU nationals in response to skills gaps 2017, by industry
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• Premium Statistic EU migrant workers in hospitality industries in the UK 2011-2016, by occupation
• Premium Statistic EU migrant workers in hospitality and tourism in the UK 2011-2016, by industry
• Premium Statistic EU migrant workforce in the hospitality sector in England 2016, by region

Impact of Brexit

• Premium Statistic United Kingdom perceived effect of Brexit on cost of travel in the EU 2016, by age
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• Premium Statistic UK holiday travelers' concerns about Brexit 2017
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• Premium Statistic Italy: distribution of tourist arrivals in Piedmont by origin 2015
• Premium Statistic Share of foreign visitors in Japan 2022, by region
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Britain is now irrationally terrified of freedom. It should just rejoin the EU

Even as a Brexiteer, I’m starting to think the time has come to cut our losses and embrace the security of the Brussels fold

To call it a farce does not even come close. The Brexit saga has tipped into the realms of national tragedy. For some reason, it is taboo for Leavers such as myself to admit that the project has been a calamity. When it comes to “The B Word”, British politics has become gripped by a kind of “violence of silence” – with politicians and voters alike reluctant to confront the fallout from the country’s mangled, halfway situation. But after a trip to the Devon fishing town of Brixham, I am more compelled than ever to be blunt.

On the one hand, Brixham represents our country at its best. It exudes an understated dynamism and a keen sense of national identity. In the morning, trawlermen watch their catch being auctioned at Brixham’s world-leading, state-of-the-art fish market. In the evening they pour into the Sprat and Mackerel where the landlord has been known to pour pints in his slippers and Wi-Fi is banned. (“We Talk to Each Other” read the signs.) In the restaurants visitors feast on the hake, gurnard and cuttlefish prolific in Channel waters (as opposed to mass-imported cod that has, in some twist of insanity, become our national dish). 

Sadly, Brixham also captures everything that is wrong with this country. Tory Brexiteers promised that leaving the EU would allow Britain to “take back control” of its waters, and enable our fishermen to feast on a “sea of opportunity”. Instead, the fishermen of Brixham told me that they are at the mercy on a daily basis “to whatever side of the bed French customs get up on” and are “drowning in red tape”. They are in despair, as Defra – with a zeal reminiscent of Brussels bureaucrats – slaps questionable quotas on fish, from cuttlefish to pollack. As one skipper, Tom, who voted Leave, told me: “To be honest it ain’t much better, because we’ve still got the same people in government who were there before, who have still got the EU ideology.”

It is not just the fishing industry that is reeling from the botched Brexit. In recent weeks, Britain’s trade talks with Canada have gone over the cliff, and the wine industry has warned that the new Brexit alcohol duty regime is “unworkable”. Tory efforts to introduce border checks for goods of animal and plant origin are becoming a fiasco.

As Brexit trade chaos worsens, the deregulatory dreams of Tory Leavers fade. In January 2023, we were once again promised a bonfire of red tape. Within a few months, the pledge to scrap 4,000 EU laws had been completely watered down . 

The question is why Brexit has spectacularly failed. Of course, the conventional Remainer wisdom is that it was doomed from the start. But this neglects the elephant in the room: as it turns out, Britain is terrified of freedom.

Much of this fear is harboured by the elites. Whitehall is terrified of allowing our fishing industry to thrive, lest trawlers decimate the ecosystem. Defra officials – working within a bureaucracy that incentivises error avoidance over public service – are afraid to use their common sense on fishing quotas.

Britain is equally terrified of free trade, lest it plunges us into a libertarian dystopia awash with cancerous meat and alcoholism. Canadian negotiators have walked away because the UK Government, beholden to this country’s protectionist farming lobby, refuses to allow Canadian farmers to sell hormone-treated beef here. Some 10kg of steroid-implanted cow has about as much extra oestrogen as a boiled egg. It is the chlorinated chicken hysteria all over again. The new Brexit alcohol duty regime that links rates to specific alcohol strength outdoes Brussels in its convoluted paternalism.

Most striking of all is that we are petrified of seizing on the biggest opportunity presented by Brexit and becoming an AI superpower. Parliament is growing sceptical that Britain can pursue a lighter regulatory approach to AI without degenerating into an America-style “Wild Wild West”. Hollywood fears that AI will exterminate humanity are starting to intermingle toxically with our Christian-socialist suspicion of “tax dodging” big tech egos. When it comes to leading the world on AI healthcare, privacy concerns are turning policymakers and voters queasy about leveraging our trump card – which is the NHS’s possession of the world’s single biggest and most detailed collection of health records

At some point we need to be honest with ourselves. If, as a nation, we are unwilling to maximally benefit from Brexit by leveraging our freedom, then we should decisively minimise our losses and re-enter the security of the EU fold. If we’re not going to improve on the EU fishing quota system, then we might as well go back in, so that fishermen can at least smoothly export their fish across the Continent. If we don’t actually want to strike free trade deals, then we should rejoin the EU protectionist racket, and let Brussels use its market heft to prop up our unproductive sectors. If we are unwilling to become a world leader in AI innovation, then we should throw our lot in with the EU as it aims to become the global leader in AI regulation.

If the ruling class is out of its depth using tax breaks and moonshot projects to seduce multinationals into building the super processors needed to train large AI models on UK soil, then we had better fall in with the EU’s vaguely forming plan to build one giant pooled data bank, for machine learning firms to feast on.

Similarly, if we are not going to fight for freedom on the global stage by forging a new model for liberty in the 21st century, then we should at least do our bit for Western security by reclaiming our disproportionate sway over EU foreign policy – not least given its shifting stance towards Russia . 

What we categorically should not do is go on pretending that the country can afford to live with a halfway Brexit. The soft-Remainer view that Keir Starmer might be able to negotiate a superior, closer deal with the EU, while remaining outside the single market, is deluded. Having outwitted British negotiators into signing an agreement almost entirely on Brussels’ terms, the EU has little incentive to reopen talks. 

Equally, the view that the symbolic or theoretical regaining of British liberty makes it all worthwhile is based on a flawed idea of freedom. True liberty is not simply a principle of non interference, or “freedom from”. It is also the “freedom to” – the liberty to act, to build, to progress. Without the latter dimension, Brexit “freedom” is meaningless. And in this high stakes era, as we teeter on the brink of both an AI revolution and a geopolitical dark age, it is dangerous.

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How to plan a food trip through the Ribble Valley, UK

Michelin-starred dining, independent butchers and artisan cheesemakers make this beautiful corner of Lancashire a rural idyll for food travellers.

From its blasted fells and verdant plateaus to its tangled woods and meandering rivers, the Ribble Valley is a rural wonderland that apparently inspired the otherworldly landscapes of JRR Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings . It is a natural haven for birders, walkers and cyclists, particularly where this corner of Lancashire merges into the Forest of Bowland, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The Ribble Valley also tastes amazing. A seasonal food ethos grows out of its fertile farmland, underpinning the work of Michelin-acclaimed restaurants such as the Northcote in Langho and market-town gems such as Cowman’s sausage shop in Clitheroe. Key local producers, such as cheesemaker Mrs Kirkham’s, enjoy national recognition. Yet none of this feels overexposed. With the majority of travellers passing by the Ribble as they rush north to the Lake District, it continues to offer visitors a sense of discovery.

Where to eat at in the Ribble Valley

1. The Parkers Arms , Newton-in-Bowland

Reaching No 7 on the Estrella Damm Top 50 Gastropubs in the UK list in 2023, The Parkers Arms has long been a place of pilgrimage for clued-up foodies. It serves gutsy Lancastrian cooking – and its pies are legendary. But that only tells half the story. Chef Stosie Madi’s work is often deft and light, exemplified by her fish cookery, while her French-Lebanese heritage brings a distinctive flavour to the menu. Dishes might range from minced mutton manoushe flatbreads to braised Bowland rabbit leg, butter-roasted loin, mustard sauce, mash and greens. Passing walkers or cyclists can snack from the bar menu. Three courses, £50.

2. Northcote , Langho

The valley’s benchmark dining destination for more than three decades, this Michelin-star restaurant and boutique hotel is constantly evolving. From its cookery school to the annual international guest chef event Obsession (in January and February), there are always interesting things happening at Northcote. Expect seasonally driven dishes, such as halibut with Jerusalem artichoke and winter truffle or aged dairy cow tartare, warm bone-marrow, alliums and horseradish, accompanied by exceptional wines from managing director Craig Bancroft’s lovingly curated cellar. Mains from £29; doubles from £216 per night, B & B.

3. La Locanda , Gisburn

High-quality local, seasonal ingredients are the cornerstone of Italian cooking – so, naturally, chef Maurizio Bocchi feels at home in the Ribble Valley. Key imports such as wine and olive oil aside, the Modena native cooks authentic Italian dishes using local meats, game, dairy and vegetables. The menu might include rabbit stuffed with Tuscan sausage and cabbage with rosemary potatoes, or cappellacci pasta filled with pumpkin and amaretti biscuits, finished with butter, sage and hazelnuts – served up in La Locanda’s comfortable farmhouse-style space. Mains from £15.  

4. The Inn at Whitewell , near Dunsop Bridge

This remote inn on the River Hodder has accommodated travellers since the 16th century. It is an evocative old building; all worn flagstone floors and roaring fires. Eat in its cosy bars or restaurant. First visit? Look to those dishes, such as the fish pie, chicken liver pate or bangers and champ with onion gravy, that have become established classics over many years. Do not miss the in-house wine shop. Mains from £16.50; doubles from £145 per night, room only.  

5. Freemasons at Wiswell , near Whalley

A degree of fine dining glitz runs through chef Steven Smith’s polished pub. You will find Sunday roasts as well as complex and creative dishes, such as prawn mousse-filled sea bass with Thai mussel curry, and salt and pepper tempura broccoli. There is a tasting menu, a chef’s table for those who like to watch kitchens work and, for those staying over, four stylish bedrooms. Mains from £39; doubles from £240 per night, B & B.  

An unmissable experience

Bowland Brewery

In its attractive food hall, upmarket cinema and bowling lanes, Holmes Mill development in Clitheroe offers numerous distractions. Heaven for cask and craft ale drinkers, its large beer hall is also the home to Bowland Brewery, which for 20 years has quenched local thirsts with tipples such as its classic, citrusy pale Hen Harrier or the Bowland Bumble, made with honey from the brewery’s beehives at nearby Little Middop Farm. On select Fridays, outside operational brewing hours, tours offer visitors the chance to learn about the brewing process: from raw malts and hops to the mash tun and the fermentation tanks. A tutored tasting of three third-pints follows. One-hour tours, £20 per person.  

Where to stay

The Higher Buck, Waddington

Is Waddington the Ribble Valley’s prettiest village? Fans of Hurst Green, Downham or Chipping might disagree, but this cluster of ancient buildings huddled around a gurgling stream is unquestionably idyllic – and home to three individually compelling pubs (see also The Lower Buck Inn and Waddington Arms). The Higher Buck has seven handsome, well-maintained bedrooms while its crowd-pleasing menu similarly excels. A cheddar soufflé with apple chutney and the Buck’s sensational steamed steak and ale pudding are testament to chef-landlord Michael Heathcote’s rigour. Mains from £17; doubles from £115 per night, B & B.  

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Luigi's Mansion 2 HD

It's time to clean house.

Join the faint-of-heart hero Luigi on a spooky quest in Luigi’s Mansion 2 HD for Nintendo Switch .

In this visually enhanced adventure, you’ll visit the chilling locales of the eerie Evershade Valley, a place where until recently, the peculiar Dark Moon hung in the sky. According to ghost researcher Professor E.Gadd, it pacified the ghosts of the valley...that is until one night when the Dark Moon mysteriously shattered!

Now, the place is screaming and teeming with troublemaking ghosts! Can Luigi recover the missing pieces of the Dark Moon and restore peace to the valley?

Luckily, Professor E. Gadd has equipped Luigi with the right tools for the job, like the enemy-stunning Strobulb and the trusty Poltergust 5000, which can vacuum up ghosts, objects or interact with the environment.

Luigi’s paranormal escapades will take him to all sorts of places, including a former plant research lab, a broken-down clock factory and an icy, snow-covered mine, just to name a few.

Up to four players can team up to take on the challenges of the ScareScraper, a haunted building teeming with ghosts and challenges not found in the main adventure. Recruit your fellow ghost hunters to scale the terrifying tower via local wireless play or online.

Broadband internet connection required. To use online services, you must create a Nintendo Account and accept the related agreement. The Nintendo Account Privacy Policy applies. Some online services may not be available in all countries.

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Storm Kathleen: Scotland hit by high winds, heavy rain and travel disruption

Flood and wind warnings remain in place, with Sepa warning of ‘real danger to life’ on coastal roads and paths

High winds and heavy rain from Storm Kathleen persisted through Sunday, battering parts of Scotland and Ireland and disrupting travel.

The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (Sepa) had 18 regional flood alerts and 37 flood warnings in place in Scotland. They have been in force since Saturday.

The Met Office has also issued a yellow wind warning from 9am on Sunday covering parts of the west and northern Highlands, the Isle of Skye and the Hebrides. It will remain in force until 11:59pm.

Winds as high as 73mph were recorded in Drumalbin, South Lanarkshire.

A previous warning stretched from the Scottish Borders to just south of Stirling. It spanned the west coast, throughout much of central Scotland, and ended just short of the east coast.

Janine Hensman, Sepa’s flood duty manager, said: “Across Sunday, we’ll continue to see high tides, storm surges and large waves across coastal areas. This combination is particularly dangerous – especially around high tides. There is real danger to life from wave overtopping, particularly around causeways, coastal roads and paths.

“While the risk is greatest around high tide times, our message is clear: Take extra care if you are near the coast at any point and stay well clear of waves and water. Be careful when travelling around exposed coastal areas and don’t walk or drive through flood water, as there may be hidden hazards.”

She added: “Whilst Storm Kathleen will ease on Sunday evening, another weather system is on the way. Significant flooding from rivers and surface water is possible in southern, central and north-eastern areas on Tuesday, with coastal flooding continuing due to high spring tides.

“Flood alerts and warnings are in place, so stay up to date though our website. We will continue to work with the Met Office to monitor the situation 24/7 and review regional flood alerts and local flood warnings as required.”

The Met Office has warned of potential power cuts, damage to buildings, poor mobile phone coverage and danger to life because of large waves and debris from beaches being thrown on to seafronts. About 34,000 people were left without electricity on Saturday, with a few thousand customers remaining without power overnight, but by Sunday afternoon almost all had had their supply restored.

CalMac, Scotland’s largest ferry operator, cancelled a number of its services and many other ferries were operating on reduced timetables, while others faced potential disruption.

ScotRail also faced a number of disruptions throughout the day, including to its Helensburgh Central and Dumbarton Central services.

However, the services, according to ScotRail, were “starting to return to normal”.

On Saturday, more than 140 flights throughout the UK were cancelled as a result of the storm.

In Ireland, a girl was swept out to sea from the east pier of Dún Laoghaire harbour in County Dublin on Saturday evening. Rescuers were able to pull her out of the water within eight and a half minutes, with a lifeboat volunteer revealing that pockets of air trapped under her coat helped keep her afloat before the rescue.

Andrew Sykes, a volunteer helm with the RNLI, told PA Media that the stormy conditions made the rescue operation difficult.

“With the high winds and storm we were experiencing, with large waves and surge coming off the pier, to get alongside her was extremely difficult,” he said. “She would be pushed one way and we would be pushed another,”

The girl was taken to a hospital with non-life threatening injuries.

Titanic Belfast was forced to close after strong winds damaged part of its roof on Saturday. However, the yellow wind warning covering Donegal, Mayo and west Galway was lifted at 4pm on Sunday.

More on this story

Temperatures of -3C forecast to follow UK’s hottest day of the year so far

Storm Kathleen: 200 evacuated after River Arun overflows in West Sussex

Storm Kathleen sweeps across west of UK and Ireland – in pictures

Dozens of flights cancelled as Storm Kathleen hits west of UK

Storm Kathleen to bring unseasonably wet and windy weather to UK and Ireland

UK at risk of summer water shortages and hosepipe bans, scientists warn

UK weather: rain disrupts Easter weekend events amid flood warnings

UK Easter weather and travel: ferries hit by winds as getaway begins for millions

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The Best European Wellness Retreats For Some Much-Needed R&R

From Ibiza to Crete

Thankfully, as our need to escape has increased, the options out there have become more varied and specialised. Whether you’re longing for a digital detox, want to reignite your passion for yoga, or need to show your skin some love, there’s a wellness retreat for you.

Below, find the best European wellness retreats out there. From a spiritual escape in Athens, a luxury getaway to St. Tropez, to a tranquil stay in Lake Garda.

Athens: for those looking for a spiritual escape

Refocus on your life plan at Travelgems four night ‘Longevity Retreat’ in Cape Sounio, Greece. Renowned author and spiritual leader, Dr. Deepak Chopra will teach guests to empower themselves with the tools and knowledge to lead a life with purpose. Hosted at a boutique resort on the Athens Riveria, the Grecotel hotel sits in a nature reserve amid ancient ruins, a short drive from Athens. Its private beaches on the cusp of the Aegean Sea overlook the legendary Temple of Poseidon. There’s no better setting to recentre yourself.

Italy: for those looking for tranquility

Cape of Senses in Italy know that one night away isn’t enough. That’s why there’s a three-night minimum stay for their spa hideaway. Overlooking Lake Garda, the scenery takes centre stage with jaw-dropping views of the lake, mountains and blue skies - a constant reminder that your to-do lists can be forgotten about. And just incase you couldn’t quite shake the thought of your daily routine, a treatment at the spa will do the trick. Finish your days with a guided mediation on the yoga deck or a sunset dinner cruise. Cape of Senses will leave you feeling full of life - and very spoilt.

Ibiza: for those looking to immerse themselves in local culture

Gone are the days when Ibiza was just associated with its world-renowned party scene. Yes, that is still very much thriving, but there’s so much more to the island. If you head north you’ll get to experience the island’s healing energy, brought by the free spirits who settled here in the 1970s. And there’s no better place to soak it in than at the Six Senses. The luxury spa offers tailored treatments provided by global practitioners and spiritual healers, alongside nutritional guidance. Whatever your reason for seeking respite, the Six Senses will be sure to offer the antidote you need.

St Tropez: for those looking for luxury

When we say luxury we mean luxury. Hotel Byblos in the French Riviera is where Mick and Bianca Jagger married and Grace Kelly holidayed. So what better spot to unwind. Recently undergoing a reinvention, their Sisley spa is decorated with rare marble and exotic wood, and offers a menu created with the help of a renowned shaman. Before you’ve even stepped into a treatment room you’ll feel calmer thanks to their new ‘Eaux Rêvées’ Turkish baths and waterfalls. Hotel Byblos’ pièce-de-résistance ? Here you don’t book treatments, you book time and the experts decide how you spend it.

Crete: for fitness fanatics

If you destress by increasing your heartrate, personal trainer and nutrition coach Jenny Fisher’s ‘Get Salty’ Travelgems retreat is the one for you. With an aim to build physical and mental strength, the six-day retreat uses HIIT classes alongside nutritional advice and mindfulness, for a 360-degree approach to wellness. Set at the secluded Cretan Malia Park in Crete, Greece, you’ll be able to recuperate after a morning of movement at it’s private beach or one of it’s sustainable and locally sourced restaurants. You’ll leave feeling ready to take on the world.

Rome: for a city escape

It’s hard to believe the Bulgari Hotel is new to the city of Rome, given it’s their hometown and the capital has been a constant source of inspiration for the brand. But it’s true what they say; the best things in life are worth waiting for. Located in the heart of the Campo Marzio, the hotel is perfect for those looking to switch off from their day-to-day without cutting themselves off from humanity. You can experience Italy’s hustle and bustle and then retreat to the Bulgari hotel’s splendor when you need to indulge in some serious R&R. The spa has to be seen to be believed. Channelling its Roman heritage, think shimmering mosaics (which draw inspiration from motifs used in the celebrated Baths of Caracalla), and glittering gold. Spa treatments have been designed by Augustinus Bader, so you know you’re in good hands.

Amy Brewster is ELLE UK's Social Media Manager, handling everything from fashion week Insta-polls through to celebrity Q&As.

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France, India, Russia, UK issue travel warnings over Israel-Iran tensions

Warnings come as Tehran promises reprisals against Israel for the deadly April 1 attack on an Iranian consulate in Syria.

Countries including France, India, Russia, Poland and the United Kingdom have warned their citizens against travelling to Israel, the occupied Palestinian territories and, in some cases, the wider region amid threats of an Iranian attack in response to a strike this month on its consulate in Damascus.

Iran has threatened reprisals against Israel over the strike in the Syrian capital on April 1, which killed seven Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps members, including two generals, leading to fears of an escalation of violence in the Middle East.

Keep reading

Iran’s khamenei promises ‘israel will be punished’ for syria strike, who was mohammad reza zahedi, an iranian general killed by israel in syria, irgc warns israel attacks ‘won’t go unanswered’ as iran marks al-quds day, tensions rise amid expectations of iran retaliation against israel.

The French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs on Friday advised its citizens against travelling to Iran, Lebanon, Israel and the Palestinian territories.

In a statement on the social media platform X, the ministry added that relatives of Iran-based diplomats will return to France and French civil servants are now banned from conducting any missions in the countries and territories in question.

The UK told its citizens to avoid all but essential travel to Israel and Palestine over the “possibility of an attack on Israeli territory from Iran”.

In an update, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office warned against “all travel” to northern Israel, the Gaza Strip, areas near Gaza and the occupied West Bank – excluding occupied East Jerusalem and Route 1 between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

Russia strongly recommended its citizens “refrain from travelling to the region”, emphasising security risks in Israel, Lebanon and Palestine.

“The situation in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict zone as well as in the area of the ‘Blue Line’ between Lebanon and Israel remains unstable,” its Ministry of Foreign Affairs said.

Poland’s Foreign Ministry also advised against travel to Israel, Palestine and Lebanon.

“It cannot be ruled out that there will be a sudden escalation of military operations, which would cause significant difficulties in leaving these three countries,” it said in a statement. “Any escalation may lead to significant restrictions in air traffic and the inability to cross land border crossings.”

India’s statement covered Iran and Israel, calling on Indians not to go to the two countries until further notice in view of the “prevailing situation in the region”.

The Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi said Indian citizens who are in the two countries should observe “utmost precautions about their safety and restrict their movements to the minimum”.

Germany meanwhile warned its citizens to leave Iran specifically, saying escalating tensions could affect exit routes.

“In the current tensions, especially between Israel and Iran, there is a risk of a sudden escalation,” the Foreign Office said. “German citizens are at concrete risk of being arbitrarily arrested and interrogated and being given long prison sentences. Dual citizens with Iranian and German nationality are especially at risk,” it added.

Separately, German flagship airline Lufthansa extended its suspension of flights to and from Tehran until Thursday and will not use Iranian airspace during that time.

Real and viable threat, US says

The United States has restricted its employees in Israel and their family members from personal travel outside the greater Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Beersheba areas.

An imminent attack by Iran on Israel is a “real” and “viable” threat, US National Security Council spokesman John Kirby told journalists on Friday, adding that Washington would make sure the Israelis “have what they need and that they’re able to defend themselves”.

Speaking to reporters on Friday, President Joe Biden said: “We are devoted to the defence of Israel. We will support Israel. We will help defend Israel, and Iran will not succeed.”

The top US commander for the Middle East, General Erik Kurilla, is also in Israel for talks with its military officials on security threats. His trip was moved up from a previously scheduled date “due to recent developments”, Pentagon spokesman Major General Pat Ryder said on Thursday.

After Kurilla discussed the tensions with Iran with Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallant on Friday, Gallant said the US and Israel were “shoulder to shoulder” in facing possible threats.

“We are prepared to defend ourselves on the ground and in the air, in close cooperation with our partners, and we will know how to respond,” the defence chief added.

The Wall Street Journal, quoting a person familiar with the matter, reported on Thursday that Israel was preparing for an attack by Iran as soon as Friday or Saturday.

Al Jazeera’s Hamdah Salhut, reporting from East Jerusalem, said the Israeli army announced that it was preparing on all fronts offensively and defensively.

“A couple of weeks ago, the Israelis increased their alertness level, calling up reservists and bolstering air defence systems,” she said, adding that Israeli officials said they were prepared for anything.

Israel has bombarded the Gaza Strip since October 7 and sent in ground forces, killing at least 33,600 Palestinians and injuring more than 76,000. Hamas’s October 7 attacks on southern Israel killed more than 1,100 people there.

Israel has also stepped up strikes against Iranian personnel and allies in Syria and Lebanon and has traded near daily cross-border fire with the Lebanese group Hezbollah since the start of the war.

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• Passports, travel and living abroad
• Travel abroad

Travelling to the EU and Schengen area

You do not need a visa for short trips to the EU or countries in the Schengen area if both of the following apply:

• you’re staying for 90 days or less in a 180-day period
• you’re visiting as a tourist or for certain other reasons

Other reasons include:

• studying a short course
• getting medical treatment
• travelling for business for your UK employer, for example to attend a business meeting or conference
• journalism or other media activities

Check the entry requirements of the country you’re visiting to find out what you can and cannot do during your stay.

These rules do not apply to travelling and working in Ireland .

Travelling to countries in the Schengen area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period

You can travel to more than one country in a 180-day period. How long you can stay in each country depends on whether or not it’s in the Schengen area.

The countries in the Schengen area are:

Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Your total stay in the Schengen area must be no more than 90 days in every 180 days. It does not matter how many countries you visit. The 180-day period keeps ‘rolling’.

To work out if your stay is within the 90 day limit, use the following steps.

Check the date you plan to leave the Schengen area on your next trip.

Count back 180 days from that date to get the start of the 180-day period.

Add up the number of days you have already spent in the Schengen area in that 180-day period (you can use the dates stamped in your passport showing when you entered and left a country).

Work out how many days you will spend in the Schengen area on your next trip. Add this number to the number of days you worked out in step 3.

Check that the total number of days is not more than 90.

Travelling to EU countries that are not in the Schengen area

Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania are not in the Schengen area. You can stay up to 90 days in a 180-day period in each of these countries without a visa.

Any time you spend in the Schengen area does not affect the number of days you can spend in these countries.

When you may need a visa

​​You may need a visa or permit if you want to either:

• stay for more than 90 days

If you’re travelling for work, check the rules for the country you’re visiting .

If you’re travelling for another reason or staying longer than 90 days, check the entry requirements for the country you’re visiting .

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