belgium tourism development

Whether you’re looking for a weekend break or a longer trip, Belgium has a lot to offer to tourists.

If you enjoy walking, sports and the outdoors, the Ardennes , which are the green heart of Belgium, are your place to go. If you prefer the beach or enjoy cycling, you will not be able to resist the call of our seaside !

Our prestigious art cities are magnificent, even if you are not a fan of history, architecture or culture.

Belgians love gastronomy . They love good food and will invite you to taste their special beers and cheeses and obviously also their chocolate, bonbons, endives, beef stew, speculaas and the like. And the fries are simply legendary.

But above all, Belgium is a place of fun: it has a very vibrant cultural scene (exhibits, concerts, festivals, theatre, dance, etc.) and its night live is one big celebration.

Adressen en websites

• Visit.brussels Website: https://visit.brussels
• Visit Flanders Website: http://www.visitflanders.com
• Wallonia Tourism Website: http://walloniabelgiumtourism.co.uk/

• Travel, Tourism & Hospitality ›
• Leisure Travel

Travel and tourism in Belgium - Statistics and Facts

Tourism in belgium during the coronavirus (covid-19) pandemic, domestic tourism in belgium, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Belgium 2019-2022

Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Belgium 2019-2022

International travel receipts in Belgium 2010-2020

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Travel, Tourism & Hospitality

Travel and tourism: share of GDP in the EU-27 and the UK 2019-2022, by country

Destinations

Popular outbound holiday destinations from Belgium 2019-2020

Related topics

Recommended.

• Cruise industry Belgium
• Travel and tourism in the Netherlands
• Travel and tourism in Europe
• Inbound tourism in Europe
• Outbound tourism in European countries

Recommended statistics

• Basic Statistic Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Belgium 2019-2022
• Basic Statistic Travel and tourism: share of GDP in the EU-27 and the UK 2019-2022, by country
• Basic Statistic Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Belgium 2019-2022
• Premium Statistic International travel receipts in Belgium 2010-2020
• Premium Statistic Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium 2019-2022, by country

Travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in Belgium 2019-2022

Total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Belgium in 2019 and 2022 (in billion euros)

Share of travel and tourism's total contribution to GDP in European Union member countries (EU-27) and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019 and 2022

Travel and tourism's total contribution to employment in Belgium 2019-2022

Total contribution of travel and tourism to employment in Belgium in 2019 and 2022 (in 1,000 jobs)

International tourism receipts in Belgium from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium 2010-2022

Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium 2019-2022, by country

Number of tourist overnight stays in Belgium from 2019 to 2022, by country of origin (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism

• Premium Statistic Leading inbound travel markets in Belgium 2017-2021
• Premium Statistic International tourist arrivals in Belgium 2011-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of inbound tourist arrivals in Belgium 2008-2020, by region
• Basic Statistic Number of international arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium 2008-2021
• Basic Statistic International tourism spending in Belgium 2019-2022

Leading inbound travel markets in Belgium 2017-2021

Leading inbound travel markets in Belgium from 2017 to 2021, by number of tourist arrivals (in 1,000s)

International tourist arrivals in Belgium 2011-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium from 2011 to 2022 (in millions)

Number of inbound tourist arrivals in Belgium 2008-2020, by region

Number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium from 2008 to 2020, by region (in 1,000s)

Number of international arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium 2008-2021

Number of international arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium from 2008 to 2021 (in millions)

International tourism spending in Belgium 2019-2022

International tourism expenditure in Belgium in 2019 and 2022 (in billion euros)

Domestic tourism

• Premium Statistic Overnight domestic tourist trips to Belgium 2010-2018
• Basic Statistic Number of domestic arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium 2000-2012
• Basic Statistic Domestic arrivals in Belgium 2019-2020, by accommodation type
• Basic Statistic Domestic overnight stays in Belgium 2020, by accommodation type
• Premium Statistic Main purpose of domestic travelers staying in accommodation in Belgium 2020
• Basic Statistic Domestic tourism spending in Belgium 2019-2022

Overnight domestic tourist trips to Belgium 2010-2018

Number of domestic overnight visitors in Belgium from 2010 to 2018 (in millions)

Number of domestic arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium 2000-2012

Number of domestic arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium from 2000 to 2012 (in millions)

Domestic arrivals in Belgium 2019-2020, by accommodation type

Number of domestic tourist arrivals in Belgium in 2019 and 2020, by type of accommodation (in 1,000s)

Domestic overnight stays in Belgium 2020, by accommodation type

Number of domestic overnight stays spent in Belgium from 2019 to 2020, by accommodation type (in million)

Main purpose of domestic travelers staying in accommodation in Belgium 2020

Distribution of domestic travelers staying in accommodation in Belgium in 2020, by traveler type

Domestic tourism spending in Belgium 2019-2022

Domestic tourism expenditure in Belgium in 2019 and 2022 (in billion euros)

Outbound tourism

• Premium Statistic Popular outbound holiday destinations from Belgium 2019-2020
• Basic Statistic Number of outbound trips made from Belgium 2012-2019
• Premium Statistic Number of outbound trips from Belgium 2019, by mode of transport
• Premium Statistic Outbound travel expenditure in Belgium 2010-2018

Leading outbound holiday destinations from Belgium in 2019 and 2020 (in 1,000 trips)

Number of outbound trips made from Belgium 2012-2019

Number of outbound overnight trips from Belgium from 2012 to 2019 (in 1,000s)

Number of outbound trips from Belgium 2019, by mode of transport

Number of outbound trips from Belgium in 2019, by mode of transport (in 1,000s)

Outbound travel expenditure in Belgium 2010-2018

Value of outbound travel expenditure in Belgium from 2010 to 2018 (in million euros)

Accommodation

• Premium Statistic Accommodation industry revenue in Belgium 2020 by type
• Basic Statistic Number of arrivals in tourist accommodation Belgium 2008-2021
• Premium Statistic Tourist arrivals in accommodation in Belgium 2019-2020, by origin
• Basic Statistic Tourist arrivals in Belgium 2019-2020, by accommodation type
• Premium Statistic Number of overnight stays in Belgium 2022, by region
• Basic Statistic Number of overnight stays in Belgium 2019-2022, by accommodation type

Accommodation industry revenue in Belgium 2020 by type

Annual revenue in the accommodation industry in Belgium in 2020, by accommodation type (in 1,000s euros)

Number of arrivals in tourist accommodation Belgium 2008-2021

Number of arrivals in tourist accommodation in Belgium from 2008 to 2021 (in millions)

Tourist arrivals in accommodation in Belgium 2019-2020, by origin

Number of tourist arrivals in accommodation in Belgium in 2019 and 2020, by origin (in 1,000s)

Tourist arrivals in Belgium 2019-2020, by accommodation type

Number of tourist arrivals in Belgium in 2019 and 2020, by type of accommodation (in 1,000s)

Number of overnight stays in Belgium 2022, by region

Number of overnight stays in Belgium in 2022, by region (in millions)

Number of overnight stays in Belgium 2019-2022, by accommodation type

Number of overnight stays in Belgium from 2019 to 2022, by accommodation type (in millions)

• Premium Statistic Share of the GDP of the tourism sector in Belgium 2013-2028
• Premium Statistic Absolute economic contribution of tourism in Belgium 2014-2029
• Premium Statistic Number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium 2014-2029
• Premium Statistic Expenditure on international tourism in Belgium 2014-2029
• Premium Statistic International tourism receipts per capita in Belgium 2001-2029
• Premium Statistic Real total consumer spending on restaurants and hotels in Belgium 2014-2029

Share of the GDP of the tourism sector in Belgium 2013-2028

Share of the GDP of the tourism sector in Belgium from 2013 to 2028

Absolute economic contribution of tourism in Belgium 2014-2029

Absolute economic contribution of tourism in Belgium from 2014 to 2029 (in million U.S. dollars)

Number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium 2014-2029

Number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium from 2014 to 2029 (in millions)

Expenditure on international tourism in Belgium 2014-2029

Expenditure on international tourism in Belgium from 2014 to 2029 (in million U.S. dollars)

International tourism receipts per capita in Belgium 2001-2029

International tourism receipts per capita in Belgium from 2001 to 2029 (in U.S. dollars)

Real total consumer spending on restaurants and hotels in Belgium 2014-2029

Real total consumer spending on restaurants and hotels in Belgium from 2014 to 2029 (in million U.S. dollars)

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Tourism in Belgium

Development of the tourism sector in belgium from 1995 to 2021.

Revenues from tourism

All data for Belgium in detail

Encyclopedia of Tourism pp 1–3 Cite as

Belgium Tourism

• Bart Neuts 3  
• Living reference work entry
• Latest version View entry history
• First Online: 25 April 2023

Belgium occupies a central position in Western Europe, bordered by Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea (Fig. 1 ). The country covers 30,528 km 2 (11,787 mi 2 ) and has a population of 11.5 million. Belgium has a three-tiered political structure, comprised of a federal government, three communities (Flemish, French, and German speaking), and three regions (Flemish, Walloon, and Brussels Capital), all on equal footing in legal terms and responsible for their own specific competences, particularly on regional policies and community matters. In 2019, its national GDP was US$533.1 billion, or $46,198 per capita, ranking 21st worldwide (United Nations 2021 ).

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Eurostat. 2020. Number of trips . https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_dem_tttot/default/bar?lang=en . 11 Feb 2021.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2020. Tourism trends and policies . Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

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STATBEL. 2021. Tourist accommodations . https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/enterprises/tourist-accommodations#figures . 12 Feb.

United Nations. 2021. Statistics division, basic data selection. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic (11 February).

UNWTO. 2020. World tourism barometer 18(4) . Madrid: World Tourism Organization.

West-Vlaams Economisch Studiebureau. 2017. Reisgedrag van de Belgen in 2016 . Bruges: West-Vlaams Economisch Studiebureau.

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KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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School of Hospitality Leadership, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, USA

Jafar Jafari

School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Honggen Xiao

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The University of Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia

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Neuts, B. (2023). Belgium Tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_433-2

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Belgium country profile - sdgs and the environment.

The Belgian Constitution lays down that every federal entity should pursue sustainable development objectives in its social, economic and environmental dimensions, taking into account solidarity between the generations. The federal entities are on an equal footing but have powers and responsibilities in different fields.

Belgium is focusing on all SDGs, working through overarching strategies to address interlinkages. The country’s action towards SDGs with an environmental dimension lies primarily in SDGs 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14 and 16.  

Progress towards the 2030 Agenda relies on a variety of existing sustainable development strategies adopted by the respective levels of government. At the federal level, the strategy encompasses a Long-term Vision (LTV, approved in 2013) and the Federal Plan for Sustainable Development (approved in 2008). At the regional level, key strategic frameworks include: the 2nd Walloon Sustainable Development Strategy (approved in 2016); the Flemish Vision 2050 (a long-term strategy for Flanders, approved in 2016) and Focus 2030 (Flanders’ goals for 2030, preliminarily approved in 2018); the Brussels-Capital Region’s Regional Sustainable Development plan (approved in 2013); and the German-speaking Community’s second regional development plan (approved in 2014).

To achieve the NSDS and promote coherence in the implementation of sustainable development policy in Belgium, an Interministerial Conference for Sustainable Development (IMCSD) was established in 2012 and revitalised in 2015. The IMCSD is mandated to follow up implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Belgium (UN DESA, 2017). The updated NSDS was approved in 2017, following a civil consultation process with the relevant stakeholders. It provides the umbrella framework for the main government stakeholders at both federal and federated levels to combine their efforts to achieve the SDGs. The NSDS sets out how the various authorities in Belgium should cooperate and link their strategies to ensure they are coherent with the SDGs (UN DESA, 2017).

The Federal Institute for Sustainable Development (FIDO-IFDD) is the main institution with responsibility for SDG actions. In collaboration with the Ministry for Sustainable Development, FIDO-IFDD has developed several pathways for SDG implementation.

Flanders adopted a decree for sustainable development in September 2008. The first Flemish strategy for sustainable development was developed in 2006, largely based on the thematic priorities of the European Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS). The second Flemish strategy for sustainable development was adopted on 29 April 2011. In March 2016, the Flemish government presented its new strategic outlook for the future: ‘Vision 2050: A long-term strategy for Flanders’. Vision 2050 is designed around seven transition processes: the circular economy, smart living, Industry 4.0, lifelong learning and a dynamic professional career, caring and living together in 2050, transport and mobility, and energy. Implementation of these transition priorities will be cross-sectoral and undertaken in collaboration with innovators, entrepreneurs, and stakeholders. A new governance model was developed, inspired by transition management principles. In 2018, a preliminary set of 49 Flemish goals — based on the SDGs — was agreed by the Flemish government. This set of 2030 goals for Flanders, called ‘Focus 2030’, will be measured by a set of region-specific indicators.

In 2013, the Walloon government adopted a decree on the Walloon sustainable development strategy which foresees the development of such a strategy and determines its key elements. Based on the decree — and following a first strategy adopted in October 2013 — the second Walloon sustainable development strategy was adopted on 7 July 2016. This aims to put some transition paths in place and contribute to implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. A public consultation on the LTV and action plan (first and fourth chapters of the strategy) was undertaken in 2016. In parallel, the public was invited to post commitments on the website or to identify projects that contribute to the action plan priorities and thus to the transition to sustainable development in Wallonia.

The Brussels-Capital Region has undergone profound changes and is now facing new challenges, such as rapid demographic growth, employment, training and education, poverty, environment, mobility and internationalisation. Between 13 January and 13 March 2017, the Brussels government held a public inquiry into the new draft of the Regional Sustainable Development Plan. It sets priorities to make the Brussels-Capital Region more attractive, more inclusive socially and economically, more competitive, more creative in research, and greener and more efficient in its use of energy and resources. Since 2007, through its ‘Agenda Iris 21’ programme, Brussels Environment (the environmental administration in Brussels-Capital) has provided financial and methodological support to municipalities and public centres for social assistance (CPAS) implementing local Agenda 21 projects.

In the German-speaking Community, the Regional Development Concept was conceived as a long-term strategy for the German-speaking government. The process was initiated in May 2008 with a comprehensive stocktaking and regional analysis to examine the Community’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. The mission statement was published as REK (the Development Concept) volumes 1 and 2. In April 2011, the third volume detailed the initial implementation phase of the REK, comprising 16 main projects and 48 sub-projects (Living East Belgium – 2025).

Belgium launched the ‘SDG Charter for International Development’ to unite the private sector, civil society and the public sector around the SDGs and international development. More than 100 companies and organisations have signed up to the Charter. Civil society made a significant contribution to Belgium’s VNR, issuing coordinated advisory opinions on the draft review (UN DESA, 2017).

The Interfederal Statistical Institute (IIS) is responsible for systematically tracking progress on SDG actions. As a first step, the IIS selected the two most relevant, measurable, and available indicators per SDG ( ). The SDG indicators database will be upgraded to include more indicators from the list defined at the UN level. The NSDS established a reporting mechanism on the SDGs, with reports made to the parliament and civil society twice per government term. Civil society was also invited to report its own 2030 Agenda initiatives (UN DESA, 2017).

The Belgian NSDS action plan identified several priority themes including sustainable food (SDG 2), sustainable building and housing (SDG 11), and sustainable public procurement (SDG 16) (De Croo, 2017b). Submitted to the UN in 2017, the Belgian VNR also highlights areas of further action, including water (SDGs 6 and 14) and air quality (SDG 3), energy intensity and renewable energy (SDG 7) and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (SDG 13). The Belgian government is now looking into ways to address these areas (De Croo, 2017b).

Belgium submitted a VNR to the UN in 2017.

Belgium has identified the need for a detailed mapping of all gaps in SDG action at all levels of its federal system. Furthermore, the Federal Planning Bureau (FPB) uses the Federal Sustainable Development Reports to evaluate federal policies on sustainable development, as well as presenting foresight scenarios (FPB, 2017). At the regional level, Wallonia has published its first SDG implementation report, adopted by the Walloon government in April 2017. It includes an inventory of the Walloon strategies and plans that contribute to achieving the SDGs, an analysis of 70 selected indicators and a set of good practices by Walloon public institutions, civil society and the private sector. Flanders is currently developing a framework of indicators for its ‘Focus 2030: A 2030 objectives framework for Flanders’.

De Croo, A., 2017a, High-Level Political Forum – Belgian National Statement, Kingdom of Belgium ( https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/25418belgium2.pdf ) accessed 25 October 2017.

De Croo, A., 2017b, High-Level Political Forum 2017 –Presentation Belgium's Voluntary National Review, Kingdom of Belgium ( https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/25653belgium.pdf ) accessed 25 October 2017.

FIDO-IFDD, 2017, ‘Over het beleid’, Federaal Instituut voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling, Belgium ( https://www.sdgs.be/nl/beleid/beleid-belgie ) accessed 12 October 2017.

FPB, 2017, Concrétiser les objectifs mondiaux de développement durable - Rapport fédéral sur le développement durable 2017, Federal Planning Bureau, Belgium ( https://www.plan.be/publications/publication-1737-fr-concretiser+les+objectifs+mondiaux+de+developpement+durable+rapport+federal+sur+le+developpement+durable+2017 ) accessed 16 November 2019.

Kingdom of Belgium, 2017, Pathways to Sustainable Development – First Belgian National Voluntary Review on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda, Brussels, Belgium   ( https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15721Belgium_Rev.pdf )  accessed 20 November 2017.

UN DESA, 2017, ‘Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform – Documents and Reports’, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, USA ( https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/belgium ) accessed 20 November 2017.

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Welcome to Belgium! We're delighted that you have chosen us for your next holiday.

Discover our surprising regions and let yourself be seduced by all Wallonia, Brussels & Flanders has to offer.

Select your destination and start your discovery. Have a great trip!

VISITWallonia

Avenue Comte de Smet de Nayer 14, 5000 Namur

+ 32 81 84 41 00

[email protected]

visitwallonia.be

Tourist Office for Flanders - Brussels

Grasmarkt 61, 1000 Brussel

+32 2 504 03 00

[email protected]

www.visitflanders.com

Brussels Tourist Agency

Rue Royale 2-4, 1000 Bruxelles

+32 2 513 89 40

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Belgian Travel Confederation

The Belgian Travel Confederation (BTC) is a confederation of several associations of the Belgian tourism sector, created in 2022 and whose primary objective is to unite the tourism sector in Belgium, the crisis having accentuated the need to join forces.

The BTC also has major projects linked to the national and European recovery plans and the will to achieve them, for all Belgian actors active in tourism in Belgium

Stéphanie Sap

Perlan BV / Vakantie te paard ®

Ontzorging van de reiziger, duurzaam ondernemen en blijvend bijleren dit houdt een bedrijf in de ...

For more information

De Block Ben

The CERTA label is pushing en helping you to stay up-to-date with all different issues. It's grea ...

Hamadouche Tony

Voyages Copine SA.

En tant que leader wallon des agences de voyage indépendantes, délivrer un service de qualité à ...

Dechamps Frederic

Brussels Airlines

We are extremely happy to have access to reliable market data, highlighting relevant behaviors an ...

Lambert Jean-François

Europ’aventure

Europ’Aventure est labelisée CERTA depuis 2020. Pour une petite agence de voyage en ligne comme l ...

Pirard Fabian

De notre côté le label Certa, nous a surtout permis :

Bouckaert Frank

De Buck Agency NV/SA

We were very impressed by the quality of the content and format of the trainings! The teachers are ...

Samson Sylvia

J'ai suivi une formation en marketing. Les enseignements tirés du parcours client ont été int ...

Draouil Houda

Brussels Airport

Those reports offers us several advantages. Firstly it provides us a comprehensive overview and anal ...

The BTC now unites the two sister associations, the UPAV (Professional Union of Travel Agencies) and the VVR (Vlaamse Vereniging reisbureaus), which initiated the project. The BTC aims to attract other associations in the sector, because "there is strength in numbers".

We are now concentrating on four projects that we feel are essential: further training, analysis and provision of data, and sustainability. Finally, we are reintroducing labelling under a name that is already familiar to the sector, CERta (CErtified Travel Agent).

In this tab, you can find out what is being said about us, as well as our press releases and other news. Don't hesitate to contact us, we are here for you. 

Announced to the sector on 19 October 2021, the BTC was legally born on 6 April 2022. Since 1 September 2022, a dedicated team is officially in charge of the development of the selected projects.

Projects & Programs

Our projects are in line with the regional, national and European post-covid recovery plans: further training, data collection and analysis, sustainability and labelling.

The CERTA label

The CERTA label is a recognition of both the public and private sectors. Travellers have the security of knowing that they are dealing with professionals who want to offer the best. 

Who do we address?

Tour operator.

The tour operator takes care of organising the trip from A to Z. Transport, accommodation, visits... Everything is planned and sold as a package. The tour operator offers classic trips but also tailor-made trips. 

Travel Agency

The travel agency advises the client on the destination and type of trip desired. It also explains and reassures. It will sell a package from a tour operator or decide to put it together itself, depending on the traveller's request and its expertise. 

A traveller can be a tourist - the intention of the trip is to discover, rest, meet local people -. They may also travel for work or because of family obligations. The purpose of travel is multiple. 

The BTC in figures

Date of creation

 6500 

Self-employed and employees in the leisure travel sector

trainings per year

We are extremely happy to have access to reliable market data, highlighting relevant behaviors and intentions. Very valuable source of information to validate our network strategy in line with accurate market trends

• De nous aider dans le développement de notre nouvelle agence en nous mettant à disposition facilement les informations nécessaires et obligatoires pour une agence de voyage.
• Nous a permis de renforcer notre image professionnelle et sérieuse auprès de nos clients.
• De nous obliger à se former sur certaines thématiques, parfois délaissées par manque de temps.

Those reports offers us several advantages. Firstly it provides us a comprehensive overview and analysis allowing us to gain insights and make informed decisions. It also helps us identify patterns, trends and correlations. We also us it to identify area of improvement, and capitalize on opportunities. Overall it empowers us to transform data into actionable insights of the industry.

Europ’Aventure est labelisée CERTA depuis 2020. Pour une petite agence de voyage en ligne comme la nôtre, le label CERTA est une garantie donnée à nos clients quant à notre professionnalisme et la qualité de notre travail. Il nous permet de rassurer nos clients sur notre respect des bonnes pratiques du secteur. Le label nous a également permit d’avoir accès à différentes formations en ligne ou en présentiel très utiles pour la formation continue de notre équipe. Jean-François Lambert - Administrateur d’Europ’Aventure

The CERTA label is pushing en helping you to stay up-to-date with all different issues. It's great they offer the instruments and tools, so we can keep focus on our care-business. In meantime we all hope for a 'better and healthier world' where everybody can travel.

In deze tijd is het onmogelijk om onverantwoord met onze planeet om te gaan. Uw ogen dichtknijpen is niet aan de orde. Het Certalabel houdt ons scherp om zo correct mogelijk reizen aan te bieden. Reizigers zijn hier steeds gevoeliger voor, en terecht.

J'ai suivi une formation en marketing. Les enseignements tirés du parcours client ont été intéressants pour moi. C'est bien d'avoir expliqué le parcours (d'achat) et la réflexion d'un client (potentiel).

We were very impressed by the quality of the content and format of the trainings! The teachers are high level and the training was supported live by their comment and a powerpoint presentation. What I especially want to underline is the flexibility of the format, you can follow the course where you want and when you want and interrupt at your own discretion. And, not to forget, the format makes it possible to upgrade the knowledge and professionalism of your team while saving a lot of money and time! Well done BTC! Our team followed 17 courses and still going!

Ontzorging van de reiziger, duurzaam ondernemen en blijvend bijleren dit houdt een bedrijf in de reissector gezond. Dankzij het CERTA label kunnen we de vinger op de knip houden en smoothly bijsturen waar nodig om op die manier de reiziger allround te begeleiden op weg naar zijn/haar optimale vakantiebeleving.

En tant que leader wallon des agences de voyage indépendantes, délivrer un service de qualité à nos clients fait partie de notre ADN. Le label CERTA est une manière de rassurer les clients qui en auraient besoin qu’en se rendant dans une de nos agences, il y trouvera un accompagnement de qualité grâce, non seulement à des collaborateurs formés en continu, mais aussi en sachant que Voyages Copine est un partenaire voyage respectueux des règles et obligations légales belges et européenne en vigueur.

Plan your visit to Bruges

On a city trip to Bruges? We can imagine that you want to carefully prepare your trip. That's why we've bundled all the practical info here. You'll learn handy tips & tricks and find answers to practical questions , such as how to travel to Bruges , where to park your car outside and in the centre, how to use public transport, etc. Topped up with useful publications , interesting news and the details of our tourist offices , you'll have everything you need to plan the perfect trip.

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Western Europe

• Last updated on January 12, 2022

The Principality of Andorra is a mini state located on the border of France and Spain in the Pyrenees . Due to its relatively isolated location, Andorra remained an outsider in European history, with few ties to the outside world except to France and Spain. Since the end of the 20th century, however, the booming tourist industry and developments in transport and communications have brought an end to this isolation. The political system was modernised in 1993, when Andorra received its first constitution and became a member of the United Nations and the Council of Europe .

Of our compatriots residing in Andorra (around 140), the majority are active in the real estate, insurance, hotel and travel sectors and in the sale of regional Belgian products. Every year about 250,000 Belgians travel to Andorra, which is an important number for this mini state.

Benelux is an intergovernmental partnership that unites Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg . Benelux aims to promote the prosperity and well-being of all citizens through better cooperation between the countries.

The institutions of the Benelux Union Treaty are as follows:

• the Benelux Committee of Ministers,
• the Benelux Council,
• the Benelux General Secretariat,
• the Benelux Interparliamentary Consultative Council, also known as the Benelux Parliament,
• the Benelux Court of Justice.

In addition, the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP) was established by a separate treaty in 2005.

Since the new Benelux Union Treaty came into force on 1 January 2012, new steps have been taken towards closer cooperation in three key areas: internal market and economic union, sustainable development, and justice and home affairs .

Since 2008, the Benelux countries have been cooperating with the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia at an institutional level. Furthermore, Benelux maintains contacts with other partnerships such as the European Union, the Greater Region, the International Commissions of the Meuse and Scheldt and with the Laender (Rhineland-Palatinate, Lower Saxony) and neighbouring regions in Germany and France (Hauts-de-France, Grand Est). It also cooperates with the Baltic States and the Nordic countries.

For many years, Benelux and France have been working closely together in the fields of energy (the Pentalateral Energy Forum, the Gas Platform and the North Seas Energy Cooperation), road transport control (Euro Contrôle Route) and the fight against transnational drug trafficking and cross-border crime.

Belgium recognised the Republic of Cyprus on the very day of its independence on 16/08/1960. Belgium's image in Cyprus is positive. Every year, some 25,000 to 30,000 Belgian tourists visit the island. 

Foreign Minister Didier Reynders visited Cyprus in 2017 as part of a Council of Europe ministerial meeting (05/2017). 

The internal negotiations on the Cyprus question , conducted within the framework of the United Nations, are aimed at the reunification of the island and the creation of a bi-zonal and bi-communal federation, with unique sovereignty, political equality, citizenship and legal personality between the two communities. 

Belgium is supporting the parties in their search for a compromise and in particular the resumption of the negotiation process (which is currently at a standstill because of the Covid-19 pandemic, among other things). 

In 2020, Cyprus was Belgium's 74th most major customer ( exports to Cyprus: 249.4 million euros ) and 118th most major supplier ( imports from Cyprus: 27.0 million euros ). Belgium recorded a positive trade balance of 214.4 million euros. 

Germany is not only the largest state in the EU with almost 83 million inhabitants, but over the past 30 years its political and economic importance has also grown.

Germany has made a major contribution to the process of European unification . The peaceful reunification of Germany in 1991 sent a clear message to the Central European countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, etc.) and prompted them to embark on a process that would lead to their membership of the European Union in 2006.

There are many ties between Belgium and Germany. We are neighbours, founding states of the EU and NATO, both members of the Council of Europe, the Eurozone and the Schengen Area, as well as many other organisations and associations. Our citizens maintain close and intensive contacts in the cultural, economic, sports, tourism, academic and other fields. Regardless of the government coalitions in both countries, our positions on European and international issues are generally similar. Belgium and Germany are in frequent contact at various levels , particularly in the context of the biennial Belgian-German conference.

The German market is essential for the Belgian economy . Our trade is substantial since Germany is our main market and our second largest supplier. The value of our trade amounts to around 120 billion euros annually. Due to their considerable investments, German companies, for example in the petrochemical and automotive sectors, have always accounted for tens of thousands of jobs in our country.

Germany also provides Belgians with a varied tourist destination: beaches on the North Sea and the Baltic, mountains in Bavaria and the Black Forest, cultural highlights such as Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne and Munich. In addition, a high-speed train (ICE) network connects the main tourist cities.

For well-known historical reasons, France and Belgium are closely linked. With a surface area 14 times the size of Belgium and a population 6 times larger, in many ways France is a key partner for our country.

Naturally, linguistic and cultural affinities are not unrelated. These are expressed within the framework of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). The expression "when it rains in Paris, it drizzles in Brussels" says a lot about the relations between the two countries. The number of Belgians living in France is estimated at 150,000, while the number of French people settled in Belgium is around 160,000. France also remains the leading tourist destination for Belgians. Cross-border cooperation through three European groupings of territorial cooperation is also of undeniable importance.

Relations are also particularly strong in economic terms . Belgium is France's third largest customer and third largest supplier. Conversely, France is Belgium's second largest customer and third largest supplier. In terms of investments, transactions in both directions are of paramount importance: thousands of companies, branches and purchases are involved, representing some 200,000 jobs on both sides of the border.

All these elements explain Belgium's extensive diplomatic network in France . In addition to the embassy, the country has two consulates-general and twelve honorary consulates, as well as numerous representations of federated entities. The geographical proximity of the capital cities of both countries also ensures regular and important bilateral contacts at the highest levels of government. Our southern neighbour has therefore developed a good understanding of the Belgian federal structure. France remains a preferential partner for Belgium, not only within the European Union, but also through France's position at the UN (Security Council), NATO, the G8 and the G20.

Belgium enjoys a positive image in Greece. The comparable population, the fact that Belgium is considered a host country for part of the Greek diaspora (30,000 people) and the positive experiences of the many Greeks temporarily residing in Belgium (European officials, students, diplomats, etc.) largely explain this positive image. 

Other areas of common interest are the fact that both countries gained their independence at almost the same time (1830) and the presence of Belgian volunteers during the Greek War of Independence (1821-1830). 

In 2020, Greece was Belgium's 33th most major customer ( exports to Greece: 1.6 billion euros ) and 59th most major supplier ( imports from Greece: 336.6 million euros ). Belgium recorded a positive trade balance (1.3 billion euros). 

In 2017, the State Secretary for Asylum and Migration, Theo Francken, visited Greece (07/2017). 

In June 2021, the Minister for Foreign Affairs Sophie Wilmès visited Geece. 

Belgium is supporting the sectoral reforms that Greece is currently implementing and making experts and technical assistance available to the European Commission in Athens and to the Greek authorities in various fields (public health, asylum and migration, finance, etc.). 

From a historical perspective, Belgium is significantly associated with the Irish emancipation process during World War I . Many Irish people fought with the British army and died in Flanders Fields for "brave catholic Belgium". 

The Island of Ireland Peace Park in Messines (1998) and the Flanders Fields Memorial in Dublin (inaugurated in April 2019) are therefore important symbols in our mutual relationship. 

Another area of importance is our connection with “the flight of the Earls”. Part of the Irish elite fled to continental Europe in 1607. Some of them built an Irish college in Leuven, which since recently has lived on as “Irish College Leuven”. 

In 2020, Ireland was Belgium's 22nd most major customer ( exports to Ireland: 2.8 billion euros ) and 6th most major supplier ( imports from Ireland: €18.0 billion euros ). Belgium recorded a negative trade balance (15.2 billion euros). 

Ireland's main trading partners are the US, Belgium (chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. Belgium has become Ireland's second-largest export market since the end of 2018), the UK and the other Eurozone countries. Belgium enjoys its position as a transit country. 

The President of the Flemish Parliament, Jan Peumans, visited Ireland from 28 to 30 April 2019. 

On 17/07/2019, a consultation between Belgian and Irish Brexit co-ordinators took place in Dublin. 

As founder members of NATO and the EU, Italy and Belgium have a great deal in common, as well as historically and socially. Just think of Queen Paola, former Prime Minister Di Rupo and the successful integration of hundreds of thousands of Italians after WWII. We also share the memory of the Marcinelle mining disaster of 1956.  

The country has about ten times the surface area of Belgium and almost six times the population, but has an important socio-economic fault line between the industrial north and the rather agricultural south. Italy remains the third most important European economy, after France and Germany, and promotes its top sectors under the name "4A": Alimentari (food), Abbigliamento (fashion), Arredo (furniture and design) and Automazione (automation).  

However, the international financial and health crisis calls for tough austerity measures and deep reforms. 

Bilaterally, Italy remains a leading economic partner, both in terms of reciprocal investment and trade, as Belgium's 6th largest customer - 19.8 billion in exports - and 8th largest supplier - 13.8 billion in imports. The trade balance is traditionally to Belgium's advantage and, based on previous figures, amounted to 6 billion in 2019. Imports consist mainly of chemical products, which amounted to 40.3% in 2019, followed by machinery and appliances and transport equipment. Also in exports, chemicals accounted for the largest share (36.3%), followed by machinery, appliances and plastics. 

The excellent relations have been illustrated by frequent visits and enshrined in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2019 with a view to intensified political consultations. In Italy, this collaboration is supported by several institutes and foundations, including the Academia Belgica. 

Croatia became the 28th Member State of the European Union on 1 July 2013. The Croatian Presidency of the EU Council during the first semester of 2020 was a baptism of fire for the country. 

Considering the particularly difficult circumstances (a severe earthquake in Zagreb in March 2020 and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic), Croatia has managed a successful track record. 

The greatest achievement of the Croatian Presidency was the Western Balkans Summit , which launched the EU accession negotiations for Albania and North Macedonia. 

Croatia has been a member of NATO since 2009. 

Belgium maintains excellent relations with Croatia. At an official level, Croatia remembers the deployment of the Belgian blue helmets in Baranja (Eastern Slavonia), the demining projects and the reconstruction of the Port of Vukovar after the 1991-1995 war. 

Belgium recognised Croatia on 15/01/1992, established diplomatic relations on 10/03/1993 and opened an Embassy in Zagreb on 27/07/1993. 

Belgium is currently the 12th most major investor in Croatia (712 million euros). 

In 2020, Croatia was Belgium's 46th most major customer ( exports to Croatia: 716.8 million euros ) and 71st most major supplier ( imports from Croatia: 216.9 million euros ). Belgium recorded a positive trade balance (499.9 million euros). 

A visit by a delegation from the Walloon Parliament took place in March 2019. 

Liechtenstein

The Principality of Liechtenstein, wedged between the Austrian and Swiss Alps, is one of the smallest (160 km² and approximately 38,500 inhabitants) and most prosperous countries in the world. In 2019, it celebrated its 300th anniversary. Although Prince Hans-Adam II decided to relinquish his powers to his son, Grand Prince Alois of Liechtenstein, he officially retains the status of Head of State. 

Economic relations between Liechtenstein and Belgium are primarily facilitated by Liechtenstein's membership of the European Economic Area (along with Norway and Iceland), which gives the country access to the European single market. Furthermore, Liechtenstein belongs to the European Free Trade Association and is a member of Schengen. There is no debate about EU membership at the political or social level in Liechtenstein.  

Bilateral economic relations with Liechtenstein are very limited. The principality was Belgium's 169th customer and 171st supplier in 2018. The total trade volume in 2018 amounted to approximately €9 million.  

Political contacts with the principality are rather limited but very good. There are close dynastic ties between the Belgian Royal Family and the Liechtenstein Sovereigns. Every year H.M. King Philippe and Prince Alois of Liechtenstein meet during the Informal Summit of German-speaking countries. Within the UN framework, Switzerland is a like-minded partner with regard to multilateral issues such as the protection of human rights, the rule of law, international criminal justice and democracy.  

Diplomatic and consular relations with Liechtenstein are monitored by the Belgian Embassy in Berne. Belgium is one of the few countries where Liechtenstein has a diplomatic representation.  

For many years, Belgium and Luxembourg have maintained excellent and intensive relations. These neighbouring countries share a common history, traditions and values that are reflected in daily life through extensive cooperation at the levels of the EU, the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU), the Benelux and the Greater Region. The dynastic ties that unite our two royal houses and the links between both populations strengthen these special relations. 24,000 Belgians live in the Grand Duchy and some 48,000 Belgian cross-border workers travel to Luxembourg every day.

The two countries also share close economic ties . There are several Belgian companies operating in Luxembourg as well as companies based in the Grand Duchy and managed by Belgians.

The Belgian-Luxembourg Administrative Commission (BLC-BLAC) meets twice a year within the framework of the Belgian-Luxembourg Economic Union and discusses, among other things, the economic situation of the BLEU, cooperation in international relations and bilateral issues such as rail links.

Malta is a southern European archipelago in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. The islands are one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The strategic location of the country determined its history, from the Phoenicians to the British. For example, Malta became independent in 1964 and has been a member of the Commonwealth ever since. 

Malta has been a European Member State and a member of the Schengen area since 2004. 

Bilateral relations are very good. Several bilateral agreements were signed, notably to avoid double taxation, in the field of police cooperation and public health.  Belgian tourism to Malta is on the rise.

In Malta, Belgium generally has an aura of art, technical knowledge and cordial bilateral relations. As an illustration of this, we would like to mention a number of tapestries produced in Belgian weavers' workshops in Brussels in 1697 that were donated to St John's Cathedral in Malta and restored by a specialised Belgian workshop in 2006, after which they returned to Malta.

Monaco is the second most populous country in the world. The principality has been ruled by the Grimaldi family since 1927, with several intervals.   

Since 1993 Monaco has been a full member of the United Nations. Despite its independence and its own foreign policy, defence is the responsibility of France. Monaco is not an EU member state and, together with Andorra and San Marino, is negotiating an Association Agreement with the European Union. 

There are also close ties with Belgium. As a result, Belgians are the 6th largest community of foreigners in Monaco. In economic terms, Belgium is Monaco's 4th largest supplier and 12th largest customer. 

The Netherlands

For many years, bilateral relations between Belgium and its northern neighbour have been excellent and intensive. The linguistic community between the Netherlands and the Dutch-speaking part of our country lends a special dimension to these relations. Both States have a long tradition of cooperation at all levels of government , especially locally in the border regions. At a federal level, Belgium and the Netherlands consult each other regularly in a number of areas, and the two neighbours cooperate structurally, particularly in the fields of defence, home affairs, justice and foreign affairs. Belgium and the Netherlands frequently hold consultation meetings in the framework of Benelux, the European Union and other multilateral organisations.

The benefits of the economic relations that unite Belgium and the Netherlands are considerable. The Netherlands is Belgium's third largest trading partner, behind Germany and France , and companies from both countries invest heavily on both sides of the border. A good relationship is therefore essential, particularly in the areas of infrastructure and mobility and policy on ports and energy. Where appropriate, the parties will also seek to develop their cooperation in these areas.

Current bilateral issues mainly concern infrastructure projects which, in Belgium, involve sometimes just Flemish and sometimes mixed expertise: the Ghent-Terneuzen Canal, the Scheldt Treaties, the Steel Rhine, the high-speed line between Aachen, Heerlen and Maastricht. The two countries also maintain deep and vital relations in terms of police and judicial cooperation.

Some 39,000 Belgians live in the Netherlands.

Nordic countries

In 1973, Denmark was the first Nordic country to become a member of the EU .

Relations between Belgium and Denmark date back to the 16th century, when our artists were invited by the Danish monarchs. Their works can still be seen for example in Kronborg castle in Helsingor (cf. Hamlet). At the end of World War II, hundreds of Belgian children were placed with Danish families. The CoBrA art movement, that united artists from Denmark, Belgium and the Netherlands, yielded a remarkable innovation in art in the 1950s.

Furthermore, Denmark and Belgium maintain e xcellent relations within the EU and NATO . The recent EU Presidencies of Belgium (2nd half of 2010) and Denmark (1st half of 2012) were characterised by harmonious cooperation. Both countries play an active role in the ‘Westerwelle Future of Europe Group’ on the EU’s future.

No doubt that the relations between the Danish and Belgian royal families are an important asset for our bilateral relations . 

As far as economic relations are concerned, the seventy Danish companies with branches in Belgium are particularly worth mentioning. Belgian ports are since long an important link in our economic relations with Denmark and the other Nordic countries. The Danish companies involved in maritime transport are among the largest in the world.

Finland won its independence from Russia at the end of the First World War, although it has to wait until the end of the Cold War to fulfill its international commitments according to its own ambitions. Eventually, it succeeded, successfully. The former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008 for his role as mediator in international crises.

Our relations with Finland date back to the 17th century, when Walloon workers helped to develop the steel industry. In the 19th century, Finnish ships began transporting wood products to the port of Antwerp. These supplies were extremely useful for rebuilding our country after World War I.

Finland’s accession to the EU in 1995 symbolized a new chapter in our bilateral relations. Currently as members of the Eurozone, Belgium and Finland are striving to implement a sustainable economic and monetary union.

Finland is for Belgium a medium-sized trading partner . No doubt our relations will benefit from transports of steel between Finland and the port of Antwerp.

Iceland is an island in the remote north-western corner of Europe with just 300,000 inhabitants. Fish is Iceland’s major export product. For Belgian fishermen, the quality and bounty of fish in

Icelandic waters have long been a reference point. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many Belgian fishermen were involved in the ‘IJslandvaart’, which involved long and intense fishing sprees that were incredibly demanding on both men and their vessels.

Following the general elections held on April 27, 2013, Iceland decided to suspend the enlargement negotiations with the EU . There is no breakdown in the EU-Iceland relations as Iceland closely cooperates with the EU within the European Economic Area.  However, for Belgium Iceland has already been for some time a partner in the framework of NATO.

“The Scream”, by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, is one of the most famous masterpieces in the history of art . But the terrifying character depicted in this painting is not at all reminiscent of Norway. On a social level Norway can boast a number of firsts. It was the first country to extend to women the right to vote in 1913; and an ombudsman for children was appointed in 1981.

Norway is the only Nordic country to have hosted the Winter Olympic Games twice (in Oslo in 1952 and in Lillehammer in 1994). Ski jumping is particularly popular in Norway, and the Holmenkollen ski jump is famous.

To a large extent Norway owes its prosperity to exports of natural gas and oil , that are both extracted from the North Sea. Supplies of gas and oil from a country as stable as Norway contribute to our energy security. Norwegian investments are thus equally allowed in our country (such as in Zeebrugge)

Political bilateral relations are excellent. Although Norway is no member of the EU, both countries closely cooperate within the European Economic Area . Belgium and Norway work together extremely effectively within NATO , such as during operations in Libya and Afghanistan. Belgium also welcomes Norway’s efforts as an ‘honest broker’ in regional conflicts, a tradition that has its roots in the activities of Trygve Lie, the first Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Sweden is the largest state in northern Europe and has a long tradition of independence and neutrality. The country is not a member of NATO but did become a member of the EU in 1995. Europe drew closer in more ways than one: the Oresund bridge between Sweden and Denmark was opened in 2000.

Sweden has a positive image, just like the other Nordic countries. This stems from its reputation in areas such as transparency, consultation, social services and its broad commitment to international cooperation with the South . Furthermore the products from all these countries (e.g. cars, phones, fashion, design, interior design, etc.) enjoy considerable success as a result of their sustainability and innovative character, and not just in Belgium.

Our relations with Sweden date back to the Middle Ages. Blanche of Namur (1320 – 1363) was Queen of Sweden and Norway. In the 17th century, Walloon industrialists were invited to improve the process of mining iron ore. Furthermore there are strong ties between the Swedish and Belgian royal houses . Queen Astrid, the mother of King Albert II, grew up in Sweden.

Political relations are excellent. Our joint EU membership since 1995 provides the basis for more regular contacts. Sweden is our main economic partner of all the Nordic countries . It is our fourteenth largest customer and our tenth largest supplier. Sweden’s importance is illustrated by the fact that Belgium is home to approximately 250 branches of Swedish companies.

The relations between our country and Austria go back a long way. The Southern Netherlands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1713-1795) under the Hapsburgs. After World War I, the Hapsburg dynasty in Austria came to an end and the Republic of Austria was created. After the Anschluss with the German Reich in 1938, Austria became closely involved in World War II. Afterwards the territory was occupied by the Allies. In 1955, after promising permanent neutrality, Austria again became an independent state and joined the UN. 

Austria has been a member of the EU since 1995, which has led to an increase in political cooperation and contacts with our country, albeit focused on European issues. Given their similar size and their export-oriented economy (a major role for SMEs and strong alignment with Germany), Austria and Belgium share common interests in various dossiers. Every year, the heads of state meet at the Informal Summit of German-speaking countries (in 2019 in Linz). In 2018, the royal couple paid a working visit to Vienna for the opening of a major Bruegel exhibition at the Kunsthistorisches Museum.  

For historical reasons, Austria maintains its neutrality . It is therefore not a member of NATO, although there is cooperation through the Partnership for Peace programme. Vienna is home to many international institutions (including the UN, IAEA, CTBTO, OSCE). The Belgian Ambassador in Vienna is also accredited for Slovakia, Slovenia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Regions and Communities are also strongly represented in Austria. 

Austria is a medium-sized trading partner for Belgium . In 2020, Austria was Belgium's 16th largest customer and 20th largest supplier. The trade volume amounts to almost 7 billion euros. Furthermore, Austria remains an important tourist destination for many Belgians. Every year, around half a million of our countrymen and women travel to the Alps.  

Bilateral relations with Portugal go back a long way in history . For example, the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores was known as the Flemish Islands in the late Middle Ages. Today, the links are still very close, with common European values and a shared commitment to multilateral fora. In recent history, the so-called Carnation Revolution of 1974 heralded the end of the dictatorship (since 1926) and the following year the end of the African colonies. This opened the way to EU membership in 1986 , along with Spain and Greece. Portugal has about three times the surface area of Belgium, but a comparable population figure. Portugal is our 26th customer and 37th supplier. Commercial relationships are indeed relatively modest , as are our investments. Hard hit by the international financial crisis, Portugal is adhering to a stringent fiscal and economic reform plan in consultation with the EU and the IMF. These efforts have led to a strong economic recovery, partly thanks to the tourism sector. However, the latter has diminished in importance during the health crisis. 

San Marino is a microstate completely surrounded by Italy. It is located on the Italian peninsula on the north-eastern side of the Apennines. It is only 61 square kilometres and some 30 000 people live there. Because of its location, it could only maintain its independence by maintaining good relations with its surrounding powers, with the Holy See, and eventually with unified Italy, with which it still maintains privileged relations. Apart from the Order of Malta, there is only one embassy in San Marino, that of Italy. San Marino is not a member of the EU .

San Marino is the oldest surviving sovereign and constitutional republic in the world. It was originally a monastic community founded in the fourth century, on 3 September 301. 

The Constitution of San Marino, drafted in 1600, is considered by some to be the oldest written constitution still in force. However, San Marino has no real formal constitution, but is instead governed by the "Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini", a series of six books in Latin from the late 16th century that describe, among other things, the country's political system.

The country lives mainly from the financial sector, industry, services and tourism . In terms of GNP per person, it is one of the richest countries in the world. Although San Marino is a sovereign state and has its own foreign policy, its defence is the responsibility of Italy.

San Marino is monitored from the Belgian Embassy in Rome. Every year, a limited number of Belgian tourists from neighbouring Italy visit the mini state of San Marino.

Slovenia declared independence on 15 June 1991, which was recognised by Belgium on 15 January 1992. The first Belgian ambassador to be accredited in Ljubljana presented his credentials on 21 October 1999. 

Slovenia joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 and had already joined NATO in March of the same year. The European Union and NATO are therefore the most important, indeed natural, framework for relations between Slovenian and Belgian diplomacy. These relations are very close within the EU, all the more so since Slovenia introduced the euro on 1 January 2007 – thus becoming a member of the Eurozone – and also became a member of the Schengen zone on 22 December 2007. 

Slovenia will hold the Presidency of the EU Council for the second time during the second half of 2021. 

The Slovenian government supports the rapid integration of all Balkan countries into the EU and into other Western structures such as NATO. 

In terms of bilateral trade relations for 2020, Slovenia was Belgium's 51st most major customer ( exports to Slovenia: 601.8 million euros ) and 61st most major supplier ( imports from Slovenia: 326.0 million euros ). Belgium therefore recorded a positive trade balance (275.8 million euros). 

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Didier Reynders visited Slovenia on 5 and 6 February 2018, at the invitation of Slovenian Prime Minister Miro Cerar, to participate in the Benelux-Slovenia Summit. 

For two centuries (1515-1715), the Southern Netherlands were ruled by Spain, which made the relations between the two countries indelible. The ties between both royal houses and especially the figure of Queen Fabiola (since 1960) perpetuate this. With a surface area 16 times that of Belgium and over four times the population, Spain is one of the larger EU member states. After the death of Generalissimo Franco (1975), the country made a transition to democracy that went hand in hand with major economic progress , including the development of the tourism sector . In 1986, Spain joined the EU together with Portugal and Greece. There remains an important link with the Latin American world.

The international economic and financial crisis has hit Spain hard, including in the real estate sector. Public finances and unemployment are worrying. Politically, the country is very decentralised with the autonomy of Catalonia and the Basque Country as the best known examples.

For our country, Spain is the seventh largest customer, but with a decreasing trade surplus. About 300 companies in Spain are linked to Belgium in various forms (branch, direct owner, shareholder). The Belgian community counts about 30 000 compatriots. This explains a network of three professional consultants and ten honorary consultants.

Vatican City

The term 'Vatican' has existed since ancient times, when it denoted a marshy area on the right bank of the Tiber River. The Vatican City came into being with the signing of the Lateran Pact between the Vatican and Italy in 1929. The Vatican City is recognised worldwide as a sovereign state, not to be confused with the Vatican itself. The population of the Vatican City State is approximately 800 people, 450 of whom have Vatican City State nationality (but only half of whom live in the Vatican City State), and the rest of whom are either temporary or permanent residents. 

The term ' Holy See ' refers to the Pope and to the Roman curia. The Vatican City comprises the Vatican itself, for example the Basilica, the Papal Palace, museums, gardens and so on, as well as a series of offices and buildings in Rome and the surrounding area that enjoy extraterritorial status. The Vatican City is at the service of the Holy See. The latter also exercises the international relations of the Vatican City State. Belgium has an embassy there, which we call the Embassy to the Holy See. 

Already in 1832, King Leopold I accredited Ambassador Vilain XIIII to the Holy See in order to consolidate the then still precarious international position of the Kingdom of Belgium.

In April 2012, Foreign Minister Didier Reynders made a successful visit to the Holy See. He maintained bilateral contacts with Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of State to the Holy See. It was the first time that a Belgian foreign minister had visited the Pope's most important representative at the Vatican and at the highest political level. It was in response to the wish to further deepen dialogue with the Holy See for better mutual understanding , especially on social issues. The development of this dialogue is highly appreciated by both Belgium and the Holy See.

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) is also close to Belgium. This proximity was further strengthened by the opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994. London is therefore a popular destination for tourists and business people .

However, the ties between our two countries run much deeper: a commitment to parliamentary democracy and civil and political rights. A guarantor of Belgian neutrality in 1914 and 1940, the United Kingdom went to war alongside our country on two occasions. As a result of the cooperation during these two world wars, many British people feel connected to Belgium and still visit the graves of their soldiers regularly (e.g. "Tyne Cot" in Zonnebeke and Saint-Symphorien, near Mons) or gather in front of monuments to honour the victims, especially in Ypres.

The commemorations of the 100th anniversary of the First World War and the 75th anniversary of the Second World War, as well as many high-level visits, have also served to highlight the overall quality of our bilateral relationship. Belgium and the United Kingdom are partners in the European Union and NATO . Our political relations with London are therefore of great importance.

In recent years, the respective positioning of the two countries in the management of Brexit has been the central issue and reference point of the Belgian-British bilateral relationship. Various contacts and visits have taken place at all levels and a record number of British citizens have applied for and obtained Belgian nationality.

Economically , our two countries are important partners. Belgium is the United Kingdom's 5th largest customer and its 8th largest supplier. There are many, highly visible British companies based in Belgium. But let's not forget that there are also about 170 Belgian companies established on the other side of the Channel.

Belgium and the United Kingdom also share very close links in the field of energy. The two countries are linked by a strategic Interconnector Gas Pipeline (IUK), which offers added value in terms of security of supply and market integration. In the electricity sector, the Belgian and British electricity networks have been linked by a submarine power cable called Nemo Link since 2008.

Switzerland

The Swiss confederation consists of 26 cantons and has four official languages, namely French, German, Romansh and Italian. Switzerland is known for its neutrality and direct democracy. It is therefore not a member of NATO, nor of the EU or the European Economic Area such as Norway, Liechtenstein or Iceland. Nevertheless, Switzerland is highly integrated into the European Union through various agreements. For example, it is part of the Schengen area and has broad access to the internal market.  

Our bilateral relations with Switzerland are traditionally intense thanks to several common aspects: multilingualism, federalism, medium-sized country, export-oriented economy. Although historically neutral Switzerland only joined the UN in 2002, it is an important like-minded partner at the multilateral level. Four Swiss cities (Geneva, Lausanne, Berne, Basel) are the headquarters of international organisations (WTO, UN, IOC, FIFA, UPU, the Bank for International Settlements, etc.). Prosperous Switzerland is also home to a relatively large Belgian community, while the Alpine country has remained an attractive tourist destination for many of our compatriots for decades.  

There are regular contacts at various political levels on a wide range of issues. Every year, our country is represented at a high level at the World Economic Forum in Davos and His Majesty's Government sees a number of examples of this. King Philippe and the Swiss President meet during the annual Informal Summit of German-speaking countries. Besides political cooperation, there is also close cultural and academic cooperation between the two countries. Within the UN framework, Switzerland is a like-minded partner with regard to multilateral issues such as the protection of human rights, the rule of law, international criminal justice and democracy.  

Bilateral economic relations are highly developed. The Swiss pharmaceutical industry is closely linked to the chemical sector in Belgium. These products dominate bilateral trade flows between the two countries.  

Diplomatic and consular relations with Switzerland are monitored by the Belgian Embassy in Berne. 

World regions

• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Asia and Oceania
• Latin America and the Caribbean
• Middle East and North Africa
• North America

Further reading

Why we need the Benelux

Belgium & Spain: a century of cordial relations

UK remains good neighbour even after Brexit

12th Gaïchel Summit – Belgium and Luxembourg consolidate long-term friendship

Incoming Netherlands state visit: working more closely together makes us both stronger

© 2024 FPS Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation

What About the Green Transition in Belgium? A 2023 Update!

Current projects, funding, and progress  .

In 2022, we explored Belgium’s commitment to Next Generation EU’s (NGEU) Green Transition and the Recovery and Resilience Plan. Now, in 2023, it’s time for a comprehensive update on the progress made in realizing the ambitious green goals set by the country. This article provides a detailed overview of the current projects, funding initiatives, and key figures per region, showcasing how Belgium is actively pursuing its sustainability targets and shaping a greener future for all. 

What is NEXT Generation EU?   

Next Generation EU (NGEU) is a temporary recovery instrument to help repair the immediate economic and social damage brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is the centerpiece of NGEU with loans and grants available to support reforms and investments undertaken by EU countries.  

To access NGEU funds, each Member State is required to develop a National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) , setting out a coherent package of reforms and investment for the period 2021-26.  

Ambitions for the Green Transition   

The Recovery and Resilience Fund is included in the NextGenerationEU framework . The aim of the 672.5 billion euro fund is to support public investments, especially in digitalization and in the quest for a greener Europe, while making national economies more resilient and better prepared for the future.  

The NGEU Recovery Program is centered around three pillars that must be considered in every Member States’ National Plan and follow a minimum percentage of total funding to be allocated. 

The Belgian National RRP will be supported by 4.5 billion euro in grants. 50% of the plan will support climate objectives.   

The key green measures of the Belgian National RRP   

The challenges the Belgian federal governments deals with for the green transition include:   

• Important renovation needs of the building stock to increase its energy efficiency  
• Making mobility and the transport sector more sustainable  
• Increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix  
• Also, biodiversity, land use and water bodies are under pressure  

Based on the challenges, the government developed its key green measures: 

The plan supports the green transition through investments of over 1 billion euro in the energy-efficient renovation of buildings , including social housing.   

Furthermore, 1.3 billion euro will be invested in sustainable mobility , mostly by improving railway infrastructure, financing green public buses, deploying electric charging stations, developing urban public transport and creating or refurbishing cycling pathways.   

In addition, there is the promotion of electric road transport by limiting preferential tax treatment of company cars to zero-emission vehicles by 2026.   

The plan supports the decarbonisation of the energy sector by promoting the use of hydrogen as an energy source, with an investment of 540 million euro .   

On biodiversity and climate change adaptation 400 million euro will be invested for reconnecting ecosystems, enhancing protected natural areas , forests and wetlands and for structural measures to sustainably manage water availability thereby increasing climate change resilience.  

How do regions organize their projects based on the National Green Transition?   

The Green Transition of Belgium is divided by three main components, which serves for inspiration for the regional RRP’s and its green projects.  

1.- Renovation of buildings   

The main objective is to renovate existing buildings and make them more energy and resource efficient:   

• Public buildings  
• Social infrastructure  
• Residential buildings  
• The worst performing buildings  

This component contributes to:   

• The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions  
• The development of jobs and growth in sustainable construction   
• Social resilience through lower energy bills  

2.- The rise of energy technologies   

This component refers to technological developments that support the energy transition and system integration to further reduce CO2 emissions , with a focus on industrial sectors.   

• Electrification  
• Green hydrogen as feedstock and energy carrier  
• CO2 capture, utilisation and storage  
• Heat grids  
• Offshore wind energy   

The ambition is to ensure the sustainable anchoring of the industry and develop new future-oriented sectors, all as part of an integrated energy system.   

3.- Climate and environment   

The aim is to preserve and redevelop biodiversity through the sustainable use and restoration of forests, wetlands, meandering rivers and grasslands . Moreover, these measures contribute to:   

• The sequestration of CO2 and the creation of sinks for other greenhouse gases  
• Preparations for climate change by improving water management and infrastructure  
• Strengthening the resilience to drought and heavy rainfall   
• Increase the benefits to agriculture, tourism, citizens and the environment  

Environment is a regional competence in Belgium. In accordance with the geographic and spatial differences between Flanders and Wallonia, Flanders focuses more on water management challenges, while Wallonia focuses more efforts on the sustainability of forest areas.  

  A 2023 update  

Flanders – a leader in renewable energy and circular economy   .

Flanders has made remarkable strides in renewable energy and circular economy initiatives. With a focus on innovation and technology, the region has successfully attracted significant investments in sustainable projects. Key figures include a 20% increase in renewable energy capacity, totaling 4 GW, and a 15% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions since 2022. Flanders has allocated €1.5 billion from the NGEU funds to support circular economy initiatives, resulting in the creation of over 10,000 green jobs. 

Wallonia – Advancing Sustainable Agriculture and Energy Efficiency   

Wallonia has prioritized sustainable agriculture and energy efficiency as crucial pillars of its green transition. The region has invested €1 billion in sustainable agriculture practices, resulting in a 30% reduction in chemical pesticide use. Wallonia has also allocated €900 million to enhance energy efficiency in buildings, leading to a 25% decrease in energy consumption. Furthermore, the region has witnessed a significant increase in electric vehicle adoption, with a 50% rise in charging infrastructure across key cities. 

Brussels – Transforming into a Sustainable Urban Hub   

Brussels, as Belgium’s capital and a hub of innovation, is driving sustainable urban development. The region has dedicated €800 million to transform public spaces into green areas, resulting in the creation of 50 new urban parks. Brussels has also invested €600 million in sustainable transport initiatives, including the expansion of cycling infrastructure and the development of electric public transportation. As a result, the region has achieved a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from transport.

To further encourage investment in R&D+I, our  FI Group  consultants help identify, implement and maintain the necessary financial processes. We support you in understanding and intercepting available R&D+I opportunities.  

Yvette Poumpalova

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