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20 Best Places to Visit in Central America: A Traveler’s Guide

Central America is a region with a rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. From ancient ruins to pristine beaches, the countries of Central America offer a wide range of attractions for travelers seeking adventure, relaxation, and cultural immersion. In this blog, we will explore the 20 best places to visit in Central America, highlighting the unique experiences and must-see attractions in each destination.

Table of Contents

1. Arenal National Park

Costa Rica’s Arenal National Park is a haven for adventure seekers and nature enthusiasts. At the heart of the park lies the impressive Arenal Volcano, one of the most active volcanoes in Central America. Visitors can embark on guided hiking tours to witness the volcano’s smoldering crater and learn about its volcanic history.

In addition to volcano exploration, Arenal National Park offers a plethora of outdoor activities. Adrenaline junkies can zip line through the treetops, rappel down waterfalls, or go white-water rafting on the nearby rivers. For a more relaxed experience, visitors can take a dip in the natural hot springs of La Fortuna, known for their therapeutic properties.

Arenal National Park is also an excellent destination for a day trip from San Jose, Costa Rica’s capital city. Just a short drive from the bustling city, the park provides a refreshing escape into nature. With its diverse range of activities, Arenal National Park offers something for everyone, making it a must-visit destination in Central America.

2. Monteverde Cloud Forest

Nestled in the misty mountains of Costa Rica , Monteverde Cloud Forest is a place of unparalleled serenity and natural beauty. This unique ecosystem is home to an incredible array of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.

One of the best ways to experience the magic of Monteverde Cloud Forest is by taking a thrilling zip-line tour through the canopy. As you soar above the trees, you’ll have a bird’s-eye view of the lush green forest and the abundant wildlife that calls it home.

If you prefer something more tranquil, a night tour in Monteverde is a must. Led by expert guides, these tours allow you to witness the forest come alive at night. You’ll have the opportunity to spot nocturnal creatures such as sloths, owls, and night monkeys, giving you a unique perspective on the forest’s biodiversity.

Monteverde also offers a range of hiking trails, allowing visitors to explore the forest at their own pace. Whether you’re a nature enthusiast, a bird lover, or simply seeking a peaceful escape, Monteverde Cloud Forest is an enchanting destination that should not be missed.

3. Vibrant Life of Panama City

Panama City, the capital city of Panama, is a vibrant and cosmopolitan destination that blends old-world charm with modern amenities. This bustling metropolis is a melting pot of cultures, making it a unique place to visit in Central America.

One of the city’s most iconic attractions is the Panama Canal, a feat of engineering that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Visitors can take a boat tour to witness the impressive locks in action and learn about the canal’s fascinating history.

Another must-visit neighborhood in Panama City is Casco Viejo, the city’s old town. Here, you’ll find beautifully restored colonial buildings, cobblestone streets, and charming plazas. Casco Viejo is also a hub for dining, with a wide range of restaurants offering both local and international cuisine.

Panama City is also known for its vibrant nightlife, with numerous bars, clubs, and casinos to explore. Whether you’re looking to dance the night away or simply enjoy a cocktail with a view, the city has something for everyone.

Beyond the city limits, Panama offers a wealth of natural gems to explore. From pristine beaches to lush rainforests, adventurers will find plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, snorkeling, and wildlife spotting.

With its unique blend of old-world charm, modern amenities, and stunning natural gems , Panama City is a must-visit destination in Central America.

4. San Blas Islands

For those seeking a tranquil and off-the-beaten-path destination, look no further than the San Blas Islands in Panama. Located off the coast of mainland Panama, the San Blas Islands, also known as the Kuna Yala, offer a truly unique and culturally rich experience.

Sailing through the crystal-clear turquoise waters, you’ll be mesmerized by the beauty of these untouched islands. As you anchor at each secluded cay, you’ll have the opportunity to snorkel among vibrant coral reefs, swim in warm, inviting waters, and bask in the serenity of white sand beaches.

The San Blas Islands are home to the Kuna people, an indigenous community that has inhabited the islands for centuries. This proud and resilient group has managed to preserve their traditional way of life, customs, and handicrafts. Visitors can interact with the Kuna people, learn about their history, and even purchase handmade molas, and brightly colored fabric panels that depict traditional Kuna designs.

Accommodations on the islands range from rustic beach huts to luxury eco-resorts, offering visitors a range of options depending on their preferences and budget. Regardless of where you choose to stay, you’ll be treated to stunning sunsets, star-filled skies, and a sense of tranquility that can only be found in the San Blas Islands.

5. The Majestic Acatenango Volcano

Guatemala’s Acatenango Volcano is a majestic and awe-inspiring destination for adventurous travelers. Standing at over 13,000 feet, this towering volcano offers breathtaking views, challenging hikes, and an unforgettable overnight camping experience.

Summiting Acatenango is not for the faint of heart, but the reward is well worth the effort. The hike takes you through diverse ecosystems, from lush cloud forests to barren volcanic landscapes, offering glimpses of unique flora and fauna along the way. As you ascend, the views of nearby volcanoes, including the active Fuego volcano, become increasingly mesmerizing.

Many travelers choose to embark on a guided tour to ensure safety and make the most of their experience. Experienced guides will lead you through the challenging terrain, provide insights into the volcano’s geology and history, and set up camp near the summit. Spending a night on Acatenango allows you to witness the volcano’s fiery eruptions and marvel at the starry night sky.

From the summit, you’ll be rewarded with panoramic views of the Pacific coast, neighboring volcanoes, and the Guatemalan highlands. As you descend, take a moment to appreciate the ancient ruins scattered across the volcano’s slopes, remnants of past civilizations that once called these volcanic landscapes home.

Whether you’re an experienced hiker or simply seeking a once-in-a-lifetime adventure, Acatenango Volcano in Guatemala is a must-visit destination in Central America.

6. The Pristine Lake Atitlan

Nestled in the highlands of Guatemala, Lake Atitlan is a place of unparalleled beauty and tranquility. Surrounded by majestic volcanoes and dotted with charming Mayan villages, this pristine lake offers a unique and immersive experience for travelers.

Lake Atitlan is best explored by kayak or paddleboard, allowing you to navigate its calm waters and discover hidden coves and secluded beaches. As you paddle along, you’ll be treated to breathtaking views of the volcanic peaks, lush green hillsides, and colorful traditional Mayan villages.

Speaking of Mayan villages, a visit to these communities is a must when visiting Lake Atitlan. Each village has its distinct character, traditions, and handicrafts, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of Guatemala’s indigenous peoples.

You can wander through the bustling markets of Panajachel, observe ancient Mayan rituals in Santiago Atitlan, or marvel at the intricate weaving techniques in San Juan La Laguna.

After a day of exploration, unwind in one of the lake’s many hot springs, known for their healing properties. Whether you prefer a luxury resort or an eco-lodge nestled in the hillside, Lake Atitlan offers a range of accommodation options to suit every traveler’s needs.

Immerse yourself in the natural beauty, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality of Lake Atitlan, and you’ll understand why it is considered one of the best places to visit in Central America.

7. The Serene Caye Caulker

Nestled off the coast of Belize, Caye Caulker is a charming, laid-back island that has captured the hearts of travelers from around the world. With its pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant marine life, this small island is a paradise for water activities and relaxation.

One of the main attractions on Caye Caulker is snorkeling in the nearby Hol Chan Marine Reserve and Shark Ray Alley. Strap on your mask and fins, and dive into the turquoise waters, where you’ll be greeted by colorful coral reefs, tropical fish, sea turtles, and gentle nurse sharks.

Back on land, Caye Caulker’s relaxed atmosphere invites visitors to slow down and enjoy the island life. Golf carts and bicycles are the preferred mode of transportation, and the island’s sandy streets are lined with small hotels, beach bars, and restaurants serving up fresh seafood.

Caye Caulker is also a great place to immerse yourself in the local culture. The island is home to a diverse community, with Garifuna, Creole, and Maya influences. Take a stroll along the beachfront, chat with friendly locals, and sample the flavors of Belizean cuisine, which blends Caribbean, Latin American, and indigenous traditions.

For those seeking a break from the world, Caye Caulker provides the perfect backdrop for relaxation, water activities, and connecting with nature. With its laid-back vibe and stunning natural beauty, this small island is a hidden gem in Central America.

8. The Mesmerizing San Pedro

Situated on the largest island in Belize, Ambergris Caye, San Pedro is a lively and vibrant town that has become a beloved destination for beach bums and adventure seekers alike. With its stunning beaches, turquoise waters, and bustling beach bars, San Pedro offers an unforgettable experience in Central America.

The beaches of San Pedro are perfect for sunbathing, swimming, and simply unwinding in a hammock with a tropical drink in hand. The island’s clear waters are ideal for snorkeling, diving, and fishing, with numerous tour operators offering guided excursions to nearby coral reefs and underwater caves.

In town, you’ll find a lively atmosphere, with golf carts serving as the main mode of transportation. Explore the streets lined with colorful buildings, browse through local shops selling handicrafts, and dine at beachfront restaurants serving delicious seafood.

San Pedro is also known for its vibrant nightlife, with beach bars and nightclubs offering live music, dancing, and endless fun. Whether you’re looking to sip cocktails while watching the sunset or dance the night away under the stars, San Pedro has something for everyone.

For nature enthusiasts, San Pedro is the perfect base for exploring the Belize Barrier Reef, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the best-preserved coral reef systems in the world. Scuba diving, snorkeling, and even swimming with sharks and stingrays are popular activities that allow visitors to discover the reef’s incredible biodiversity.

With its mesmerizing beaches, vibrant nightlife, and access to the breathtaking Belize Barrier Reef, San Pedro is a must-visit destination for those seeking an unforgettable beach getaway in Central America.

9. The Historic City of Granada

The shore of Lake Nicaragua in Nicaragua is home to the historic city of Granada, one of the oldest cities in the Americas, founded by Spanish conquistadors in 1524. This city is renowned for its picturesque colonial architecture, characterized by vibrant buildings, churches, and ancient fortresses. Visitors can enjoy boat tours on the lake, hike up nearby volcanoes, or explore the adjacent rainforest.

Additionally, Granada serves as a cultural hub, offering museums, art galleries, and live music venues. The city’s lively marketplaces are famous for local crafts, food, and souvenirs, making it a great place for tourists to explore and experience the heritage of Latin America.

10. The Beautiful Isla de Ometepe

Nestled in the heart of Lake Nicaragua, Isla de Ometepe boasts breathtaking natural landscapes, with pristine beaches, cascading waterfalls, and two active volcanoes dominating its skyline.

Immerse yourself in the island’s rich heritage by visiting ancient pre-Columbian petroglyphs and Museo El Ceibo, offering a glimpse into its vibrant culture and history.

Outdoor enthusiasts can revel in a plethora of activities such as invigorating hikes, tranquil kayaking excursions, and leisurely fishing experiences. With accommodation options ranging from eco-lodges to luxurious resorts, Isla de Ometepe caters to travelers with diverse budgets, ensuring a memorable and accessible experience for all.

11. The Enchanting Copan Ruins

Nestled in Honduras, the Copan Ruins stand as a testament to the prowess of the ancient Mayan civilization, captivating visitors with their intricate stone carvings and impressive architecture.

A walk through the ruins offers a glimpse into the rich Mayan culture, while the nearby museum provides further insights into this ancient civilization.

The lush vegetation surrounding the ruins adds to the enchanting ambiance, making it a serene and beautiful place to explore. For an immersive experience, travelers can time their visit to coincide with the annual Copan Cultural Festival, celebrating the vibrant local culture and history.

12. The Tropical Paradise of Roatan

Nestled in Honduras, the tropical paradise of Roatan allures visitors with its remarkable opportunities for scuba diving and snorkeling. The island’s pristine beaches, complemented by crystal-clear blue waters, offer a serene escape for relaxation seekers.

Explorers can venture into the lush jungle to encounter an array of peculiar wildlife, including playful monkeys and majestic iguanas.

Additionally, Roatan boasts several quaint villages where visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture and savor authentic cuisine. Thrill-seekers can indulge in a variety of activities such as ziplining, kayaking, and horseback riding, while history enthusiasts can delve into the island’s rich heritage by exploring its historic sites and museums.

Roatan truly epitomizes the perfect blend of natural splendor, cultural charm, and adventure, making it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking an unparalleled experience in Central America.

13. The Colonial Charm of Suchitoto

Nestled in El Salvador, Suchitoto exudes the allure of a bygone era with its well-preserved 18th and 19th-century architecture. Delve into the town’s history through captivating walking tours that navigate its storied streets and historic buildings.

Suchitoto beckons visitors with a rich tapestry of cultural events, from vibrant art exhibitions to traditional dance performances and melodious music festivals. Embraced by natural marvels, the town offers a serene escape, surrounded by the scenic Lake Suchitlán and the majestic Guazapa mountain range.

Outdoor enthusiasts can revel in activities like birdwatching, hiking, and kayaking, immersing themselves in the breathtaking landscape. Suchitoto seamlessly blends colonial charm with a vibrant cultural tapestry, making it a must-visit destination in Central America.

14. The Thrilling Santa Ana Volcano

Perched as the tallest and most active volcano in El Salvador, the Santa Ana Volcano is an absolute must-visit for adventure enthusiasts exploring Central America.

Its awe-inspiring vistas of the turquoise-green crater lake and the surrounding mountains are bound to leave visitors spellbound. Hikers can partake in an exhilarating trek up to the crater, where the remarkable beauty of the landscape unfolds before their eyes.

While there, they can also pay a visit to the vibrant town of Santa Ana, renowned for its picturesque colonial architecture and bustling markets. To ensure a safe and enriching experience, it’s highly recommended to engage a local guide who can provide valuable insights into the area’s history and culture.

15. The Vibrant Puerto Viejo

Nestled on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, Puerto Viejo exudes a relaxed atmosphere and is renowned for its stunning beaches and exceptional surfing opportunities.

A short drive away lies the Cahuita National Park, offering a chance to immerse in nature or experience the thrill of ziplining through the jungle canopy.

As the sun sets, the town comes alive with a vibrant nightlife scene, boasting numerous bars and restaurants where visitors can unwind after a day of exploration.

Indulge in delectable Caribbean-style cuisine, a testament to the town’s diverse cultural influences. Puerto Viejo is indeed a great place to embrace the laid-back coastal lifestyle, making it one of the best places to visit in Central America.

16. Wildlife-Rich Cahuita National Park

Nestled on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, the Cahuita National Park beckons with its diverse wildlife. From playful monkeys to leisurely sloths and a myriad of bird species, the park offers a captivating glimpse into the rich biodiversity of the region.

Nature enthusiasts can traverse the hiking trails that wind through the tropical forest, indulge in snorkeling amidst vibrant coral reefs, and take a refreshing dip in the serene waters of the park’s beaches.

Not just a haven for nature lovers, the park holds cultural significance as it safeguards a portion of the Talamanca Reef, Costa Rica’s largest coral reef system, and provides insights into the traditions of the indigenous BriBri people who call the surrounding area home.

17. Bocas del Toro

Nestled within Panama, the alternative Bocas del Toro comprises a group of picturesque islands renowned for their stunning beaches and mesmerizing turquoise waters.

This tropical haven offers a myriad of activities, including adventurous snorkeling, thrilling surfing, and awe-inspiring jungle explorations. The vibrant town of Bocas del Toro boasts a colorful ambiance, teeming with an array of lively restaurants and bars for travelers to indulge in.

Moreover, the region is enriched with the presence of several indigenous communities, providing cultural encounters that enrich the overall travel experience. Accessible by plane or boat from Panama City and other Central American destinations, Bocas del Toro stands as an inviting and easily reachable gem awaiting exploration.

18. The Lively Casco Viejo

The UNESCO World Heritage Site, Casco Viejo, also known as the Old Quarter, invites visitors to immerse themselves in its rich history and culture. The neighborhood’s charm lies in its eclectic mix of architectural styles, which includes colonial, neoclassical, and French-inspired buildings that bear witness to its diverse past.

In addition to this, Casco Viejo offers a vibrant dining and nightlife scene, boasting some of the best restaurants, bars, and cafes in Panama City. Moreover, the neighborhood is a shopper’s paradise with its boutiques, art galleries, and souvenir shops.

Outdoor enthusiasts can take a stroll along the waterfront promenade or visit nearby parks for a tranquil escape. For a unique experience, visitors can opt for a boat tour of the Panama Canal from Casco Viejo, making it an ideal destination for history buffs and adventure seekers alike.

19. San Juan del Sur

Nestled on the Pacific coast of Nicaragua, San Juan del Sur has transformed from a quaint fishing village to a bustling tourist hub, offering a wide array of activities. Visitors can indulge in surfing, sailing, fishing, or simply lounging on the pristine beaches that rank among the finest in Central America.

The town comes alive after sunset with a vibrant nightlife scene, characterized by a mix of restaurants and bars. Despite its popularity, San Juan del Sur maintains a laid-back atmosphere, making it a refreshing escape from the crowds typically found in other Central American destinations.

20. The Most Beautiful Roatan island

Roatan Island, located in the beautiful Central America region, is a haven for scuba diving and snorkeling enthusiasts. The island boasts stunning beaches with crystal-clear waters, perfect for both relaxation and water activities.

Visitors can immerse themselves in the local culture and savor delectable cuisine in the nearby towns, offering an authentic experience of the area.

Moreover, Roatan Island is home to several wildlife sanctuaries and eco-parks, allowing travelers to explore and appreciate the diverse natural beauty of the island.

There is a wide range of accommodations available on the island, catering to various preferences and budgets, from cozy budget-friendly stays to luxurious resorts, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable stay for all travelers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the top tourist attractions in Central America?

Discover the best tourist attractions in Central America, a region known for its stunning beauty and rich history. From the awe-inspiring Mayan ruins of Tikal to the majestic Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica, and the charming Casco Viejo in Panama City, there are countless wonders to explore.

Don’t miss out on Belize’s Barrier Reef, Nicaragua’s colonial city of Granada, and Guatemala’s breathtaking Lake Atitlan. Central America is also a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts with activities like hiking, surfing, and zip-lining.

What is the best time of year to visit Central America?

The ideal time to visit Central America depends on your destination and activities. Generally, the dry season from December to April is perfect for outdoor adventures and beach trips. The wet season from May to November may offer better deals and fewer crowds, but be aware of hurricane season in September and October.

Are there any safety concerns for travelers visiting Central America?

While Central America has a reputation for being unsafe, it’s essential to research your destination and take precautions. Some countries in the region have higher crime rates than others, so it’s important to avoid walking alone at night and be mindful of your belongings. Staying in well-lit areas and using reputable transportation services is also recommended.

What are some budget-friendly options for traveling in Central America?

Looking for budget-friendly options while traveling in Central America? Consider staying at hostels and guesthouses, taking local buses or shared taxis, trying delicious street food, and exploring free or low-cost activities like public parks and hiking trails.

In conclusion, Central America offers a plethora of incredible destinations for travelers seeking adventure, natural beauty, rich cultural experiences, and relaxation. From the adrenaline-inducing Arenal National Park to the tranquility of Monteverde Cloud Forest, the vibrant Panama City to the serene San Blas Islands, there is something for everyone in this diverse region.

Whether you’re hiking up the majestic Acatenango Volcano, exploring the historic city of Granada, or lounging on the pristine beaches of Roatan, Central America will leave you in awe. Just remember to plan your trip according to the best time of year to visit and take necessary safety precautions.

So, pack your bags and embark on an unforgettable journey through the stunning landscapes and vibrant cultures of Central America. Don’t forget to share your travel experiences by commenting below!

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Ferona Jose is a passionate travel writer and blogger at Travelistia. She has traveled throughout Europe, Asia and the Americas. Her writing focuses on cheap travel destinations, travel experiences, cultural insights, and travel hacks.

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10 Best Places to Visit in Central America

Central America is the thin section of land that links the North American continent with the South American continent. The region is made up of seven small, mostly tropical countries that would be easy to skip on a map. Yet they represent a complex mixture of cultures, ancient ruins, tropical wildlife, active volcanoes and great beaches.

Mexico is occasionally considered part of Central America due to the language and cultural heritage it shares with several of its southern neighbors. This list of best places to visit in Central America however, focuses only on the countries of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.

Map of Central America

10. Leon, Nicaragua

A thriving university town and one of the country’s oldest and largest cities, Leon is Nicaragua’s political and intellectual center. Situated along the Chiquito River northwest of the capital city, Managua, Leon is rich in Spanish colonial architecture as well as arts and culture, and teeming in students and backpackers.

Easily explored by walking and biking, Leon offers plenty of sightseeing opportunities. The city boasts more colonial churches than other Nicaraguan city, and visitors can tour several of these churches to admire artistic works and check out the tombs of important historical figures like that of the country’s most beloved poet, Rubén Darío. Among these churches is the Leon Cathedral, one of the largest in Central America. Other significant landmarks in Leon are Guadalupe Cemetery, Guadalupe Bridge and the Sutiava Rural House. Also known for its treasure trove of art, Leon has several museums, art centers and many public murals.

Located just a few miles inland of the Pacific Ocean, Leon is also home to popular beaches like Poneloya and Las Peñitas, which offer water activities and nightlife options. Just outside of the city, visitors can hire ruletos (trucks operating as buses) to the nearby volcanoes, rivers and mangrove forests to enjoy hiking, kayaking and wildlife viewing.

As a city that is host to students from all over the world, Leon features a variety of dining choices to suit every taste and budget. The market is a good place to find local dishes such as fried cheese, beans and rice, and cheese-stuffed plantains. Also plentiful are bars, clubs and dance halls throbbing with salsa dancing.

9. Copan, Honduras

Once an important Mayan center of government, art, culture and astronomy, Copan today is a large complex consisting of two large pyramids, several plazas, a ball court and numerous stone temples, altars and stelae, which are famous for their hieroglyphics and intricate carvings that depict history, events, beliefs and customs of the ancient Mayans.

8. Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Until the past few years, Arenal was the most active volcano in Costa Rica, and it’s frequent, small explosions once provided incredible shows of spewing lava. However, in 2010, Arenal’s cycle entered into a resting phase, putting an indeterminate pause on the eruptions. Nevertheless, the area surrounding Arenal still offers plenty of outstanding sights and exciting activities.

7. Granada, Nicaragua

One of Nicaragua’s largest cities, Granada is also one of the country’s oldest and most historically important centers, featuring a wealth of Spanish history and well-preserved colonial architecture. Located in western Nicaragua along the shores of Lake Nicaragua, Granada offers tourists plenty to see and do from sightseeing to outdoor recreation and arts and culture.

A tour of the city center awards sights of multicolored colonial buildings, landmarks, old churches, a Spanish fort and a lively market buzzing with vendors selling produce and handicrafts. Museums and art galleries showcase the city’s history, art, culture and production of cigars and chocolate.

Granada’s Central Park is a wide open green space with food kiosks where people can relax and enjoy picnics and outdoor recreation. Nearby Lake Nicaragua and its many islets offer fishing, swimming, boating, horseback riding and archaeological sites, while a little further out, volcanoes and rainforest offer hiking, canopy tours and wildlife viewing.

6. Panama City

Panama’s capital and largest city, Panama City , is a concentration of modern high-rise towers rising up from a surrounding tropical rainforest. A vibrant, cosmopolitan city made prosperous by the development of the Panama Canal, Panama City is one of the best places to visit in Central America.

While a visit to the city’s most famous attraction, the Panama Canal, ranks at the top of most sightseeing itineraries, exploring the cobblestone streets and colonial buildings of the historic quarter, Casco Viejo, is also a must-do.

5. Antigua Guatemala

Set against the pictorial backdrop of three imposing volcanoes in the central highlands of Guatemala, the beautiful, old colonial town of Antigua is one of the country’s top tourist destinations.

A major center for learning the Spanish language, Antigua provides a plethora of impressive sights and activities. Just a simple stroll through the city center awards views of spectacular architecture, historic churches and prominent landmarks like the Santa Catalina Arch.

4. Ambergris Caye

The largest of Belize’s several hundred islands, Ambergris Caye is a dreamy, tropical place where shorts and flip-flops are the dress code, golf carts are the mode of transportation, and lazing away on sandy white beaches is the primary activity.

A short plane flight or ferry ride from Belize City, Ambergris Caye is one of Belize’s top travel destinations because it presents the ultimate Caribbean getaway with classic beaches, world-class accommodations, fabulous dining and ultra relaxation.

3. Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica

Located in central Costa Rica, the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is one of the country’s most coveted tourist destinations due to its astonishing natural beauty and abundance of activities including ziplining and canopy tours.

The reserve however is most famous for its extraordinary biodiversity: Around 400 species of birds are found here, more than 100 species of mammals including howler and capuchin monkeys and 1,200 species of amphibians and reptiles. Along with the mega-diversity of wildlife, there are 2,500 species of plants, 420 of which are orchids.

2. Roatan, Honduras

A prominent scuba diving destination and cruise ship port-of-call, Roatan is the largest of the Bay Islands, off the east coast of Honduras. Surrounded by the second-largest barrier reef in the world, Roatan is a prime spot for diving and snorkeling. What’s more, the island’s beaches provide an array of activities from swimming to kayaking and dolphin watching.

1. Tikal, Guatemala

Located in the tropical rainforest of the Petén province in northern Guatemala, Tikal was one of the largest cities of the ancient Mayan civilization. Archaeologists estimate that, at its peak, Tikal’s population ranged from 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.

Among the many Mayan sites in Central America, Tikal is perhaps the most breathtaking due to its jungle setting with impressive temples poking through the canopy. Visitors can climb to the top of a few of the pyramids and get panoramic views from above the treetops.

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Reader interactions.

December 28, 2019 at 6:59 am

I have visited three of your top ten… Antigua, Roatan, and Granada. I make my way most of the time through El Salvador, never had an issue. However, my heart belongs to the Bay Islands and frequently visit, every 3-4 months.

June 26, 2018 at 6:07 pm

Where’s my country El Salvador? It’s not as dangerous as Honduras.

July 6, 2016 at 10:28 am

El Salvador is the most dangerous country you can go to in Central America, I can see why it is not here. I don’t think it’s worth the risk. Yes, Honduras as well. Guatemala is dangerous as well but not in the tourist areas, just stay away from the capital. A place that was not mentioned here from Guatemala is Chemuc Champay (sorry if I misspelled that), siete altares, and Laguna Lechua. Also, if you like seeing other cucltures, try going to Livingston, where you can enjoy the Garifuna culture.

April 14, 2016 at 3:21 pm

El Salvador is the forgotten pardise! Try to go! It has the perfect climate, good food and the nicest people in Central America! Seeing is believing! you will never know if you never ever go!

March 7, 2016 at 4:22 pm

Guatemala is the best country in central America to go travel.I reccomend this place for anyone to go.

January 24, 2016 at 6:57 pm

You said they are easy to skip on a map and of course you did you skiped El Salvador

May 24, 2014 at 3:11 am

Belize is a great place!

February 23, 2014 at 12:17 am

Planning to trip very soon to Belize and would like more travel info.

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Central America Travel Guide

Looking for an in-depth Central America travel guide ?

Then you’re in the right place!

Central America may be a small region, but it is home to seven of the most beautiful countries in the world.

From tropical rainforests to golden sand beaches to active volcanos, the region’s biodiversity makes it a top spot for ecotourism and outdoor adventures. The area also has a rich history and culture that you can see first-hand today in well-preserved Indigenous villages and colonial cities.

There’s so much to explore in Central America that it’s often hard to know where to start!

Many travelers visit Central America to experience the country’s natural beauty. The region’s coastline is home to some of the most stunning — and in some cases least-trafficked — beaches in the world.

Central America is also home to many scuba diving hot spots thanks to its colorful marine life and underwater sights. The Bay Islands in Honduras (including the main islands of Roatan , Utila, and Guanaja) are particularly popular among divers with tons of diving sights to explore.

Each country also has its own system of national parks that preserve the local flora and fauna.

For instance, Manuel Antonio National Park on Costa Rica ‘s Pacific Coast is one not to miss if you’re an animal lover. The park is home to 109 species of mammals and 184 species of birds, including white-faced monkeys, sloths, and more.

Central America’s cities are teeming with life and definitely worth a few spots on your itinerary.

In Panama , you can visit Panama City to explore a modern metropolis full of shimmering skyscrapers alongside old colonial buildings and cobblestone streets in the Casco Viejo neighborhood.

Leon, the artistic and intellectual hub of Nicaragua , is full of historic sights and public murals that you’ll definitely want to capture for Instagram.

And you’ll definitely want to make a stop in Antigua, Guatemala to experience one of the best-preserved Spanish colonial cities in Latin America.

Keep reading to dive into resources that will help you with planning a trip to Central America.

Note: This ultimate guide to Central America travel contains affiliate links to trusted partners!

Central America Map

Use this Central America travel map to begin planning your trip to this incredible region!

Click here for an interactive Google Map version of the above graphic.

Costa Rica Travel Guide

No Central America trip itinerary would be complete without a few active travel adventures in Costa Rica, like…

La Fortuna Tours: Rafting & Visiting An Organic Farm In Costa Rica

Costa Rica Adventure: Coffee & Cloud Forests In Magnificent Monteverde

From Solo To Sidekicks: Notes On My Central America Group Travel Adventure

Guatemala Travel Guide

These Guatemala experiences showcase some of the best things to do in Central America !

Hiking Indian’s Nose At Sunrise In Lake Atitlan, Guatemala

Food, Culture & Traveling Beyond The Guidebook In Guatemala

The Truth About Hiking Guatemala’s Pacaya Volcano

San Pedro La Laguna: Where Time Stands Still & The Party Never Stops In Guatemala

Earth Lodge: A Soul-Finding Farmstay In The Mountains Of Guatemala

6 Essential Guatemala Travel Tips

Why Guatemala Should Be Your Next Trip

Honduras Travel Guide

Looking for the best places to go in Central America ? Here is why Honduras should be on your list!

Exploring The Caribbean Side Of Honduras On Roatan Island

Copan, Honduras: An Amazing Day Exploring Mayan Ruins In The World’s Most Dangerous Country

Nicaragua Travel Guide

Looking for the best vacation spots in Central America ? Check out these Nicaragua experiences:

Nicaragua Adventures: Hiking The Active La Concepcion Volcano On Ometepe Island

Volcanic Adventures Outside Of Granada, Nicaragua

How To Volunteer While Learning Spanish In Nicaragua

Panama Travel Guide

If you’re wondering where to go in Central America , here is why Panama should be on your list:

Hiking In Panama: The Best Trails In Boquete

How To Plan An Unforgettable Panama Itinerary (Experiences Included!)

Here Is What It’s Like To Live With An Indigenous Tribe In Panama

Best Places To Stay In Bocas del Toro For Sustainable Travelers

Top Central America Tours

Explore Central American tourism & culture with a local through these recommended excursions:

• Monkey Island tour from Panama City (Panama)
• San Blas Island-Hopping and Snorkel Tour Visit 3 Islands (Panama)
• Lake Atitlán Sightseeing Cruise with Transport from Guatemala City (Guatemala)
• Sunrise Hike to the Indian Nose from San Pedro La Laguna (Guatemala)
• Cave Tubing and Zipline Adventure from Belize City (Belize)
• Saint Herman’s Cave Hiking and Blue Hole Tour from Belize City (Belize)
• Day Trip to the Mayan Ruins of Copan from San Pedro Sula (Honduras)
• Bay Islands Exploration: Roatan Caribbean Coast Jungle & Beach ATV Adventure from West Bay (Honduras)
• Arenal Volcano and Tabacón Hot Springs Day Trip from San Jose (Costa Rica)
• Cerro Negro and Volcano Sand Boarding from León (Nicaragua)
• Santa Ana Volcano Hiking Tour + Coatepeque Lake Sightseeing (El Salvador)

Click here for a full list of Central America travel tours !

Renting A Car In Central America

Need a rental car for your Central America trip?

Use Discover Cars to quickly compare your car rental options.

Central America Hotels

Click here to browse hotels in Central America!

Prefer self-contained stays? 

Click here to check out unique local rentals!

You can also use this map to search for local stays. The map is set to San Jose, but you can easily change it to your specific destination:

Central America Travel Insurance

It doesn’t matter if you’re traveling solo or with a group on a Central America tour. When visiting Central America — or any other country in the world — make sure to get travel insurance to protect your health and safety.

In my opinion, the best travel medical insurance for travelers is SafetyWing as they’ve got a large network and offer both short-term and long-term coverage — including coverage if you’re traveling for months as well as limited coverage in your home country).

Additionally, SafetyWing is budget-friendly and offers $250,000 worth of coverage with just one low overall deductible of $250.

With coverage, you’ll have peace of mind as you embark on your Central America itinerary.

Click my referral link here to price out travel insurance for your trip in just a few clicks .

Central America Travel Guide FAQ

Below, find answers to frequently asked questions about traveling Central America .

Q: Which countries make up Central America?

Here is a full list of Central American countries:

• El Salvador

Q: Where is Central America located?

Central America is located between Mexico and South America and is the southernmost region of North America.

Q: Is Central America safe for travel?

In general, Central America is pretty safe for travelers. Some countries and areas have higher rates of crime and violence than others and, as with any other destination, there are certain safety tips you should follow wherever you go.

The Northern Triangle — consisting of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador — sees more crime than other countries in the region, particularly in big cities, so you’ll want to stay particularly vigilant if any of those countries are on your itinerary.

While traveling in Central America, you’ll want to stay aware of your surroundings, avoid wearing anything flashy or displaying any obvious signs of wealth, avoid going out alone at night, and be particularly careful on public transportation.

For specific safety tips for each country in Central America, check out our individual destination pages linked above.

You can also check our our guide to avoiding pickpockets .

Q: How long do you need to travel Central America?

The length of your trip to Central America certainly depends on which countries you want to explore and your preferred style of travel. If you’re looking to do a full tour of the region, making your way down from Southern Mexico to Panama (or vice versa), you’ll need at least a month or two to see everything.

Though the region is comparatively small, it can take several hours to travel between destinations by car or bus thanks to winding roads and inconsistent infrastructure.

Flights within the region are available but can be expensive and limited in certain areas.

You’ll also want to spend a few days in each destination to take in everything it has to offer.

If you don’t have a month or more to commit to a full Central American tour, you can easily travel between one or two countries in the region over a week or two. Group tours also offer multi-country itineraries over shorter periods of time that take some of the guess work out of traveling through the region.

Q: Is Central America expensive to travel?

It’s generally quite inexpensive to travel in Central America. Again, this depends on your itinerary and destinations of choice; things in Costa Rica and Panama tend to be a bit more expensive than in other Central American countries.

The average traveler to Central America should budget about $60 to $70 per day for things like accommodation, food, transportation, activities, and other daily expenses.

Q: What is the safest Central American country to visit?

Costa Rica and Panama are considered the safest countries to visit in Central America. Costa Rica is ranked as the 33rd most peaceful country in the world according to the Global Peace Index and experiences lower rates of crime and violence than other countries in the region.

While there are several areas of Panama that do experience more violence (specifically the Mosquito Coast and Darien region along the Colombian border), the country is quite safe overall.

Regardless of your itinerary, though, you should keep the general safety tips mentioned above in mind.

Q: What is the best time to visit Central America?

The best time to visit Central America is during the dry season between December and April.

Temperatures throughout the region are generally warm and comfortable, although this will vary depending on elevation.

Rain is less frequent in these months and you are less likely to have your trip washed out by a hurricane.

Q: What are some top things to do in Central America?

Central America is one of the best places on Earth for outdoor exploration. With a gorgeous environment that includes rainforests, beaches, volcanos, mountains, and more you’ll want to spend plenty of time outside during your Central American adventure.

Divers should visit countries like Honduras, Panama, and Belize for their clear waters and abundance of tropical fish. Belize is also home to the second-largest barrier reef in the world, with tons of colorful coral and marine life to explore.

Almost every country in Central America has its own national parks full of flora and fauna you won’t want to pass up. You can also hike (and even surf!) active volcanos in countries like Costa Rica and Nicaragua, where you can hike Volcan Concepcion .

Each country in Central America also has a rich history and culture of its own that is absolutely worth exploring.

Antigua in Guatemala is one of the best-preserved colonial cities in Latin America; the city truly looks like its frozen in time with its colorful buildings and cobblestone streets. Here you’ll find churches that date back to the 1500s, shops full of artisan goods, and a whole museum dedicated to chocolate.

Central America also has many Mayan ruins where you can pay your respects to the area’s Indigenous history. Copan is home to one of the best-known sites in Honduras while the Tikal Temple in Guatemala is an absolutely incredible sight.

Q: What is some important Central America travel advice to keep in mind?

Aside from the safety tips listed above, there are a few pieces of travel advice to keep in mind when it comes to Central America.

Wherever you go in the region, you’ll want to pack high-test bug spray, ideally formulated with DEET. Aside from being annoying, mosquitoes in Central America have been known to carry dangerous diseases like malaria and the Zika virus and in a tropical environment, they’re pretty hard to avoid. A good quality insect repellent is your best defense against disease, even if you don’t think you’ll need it.

Sunscreen is also absolutely key, particularly if you’re planning on spending time at the beach. Remember, you’re probably closer to the equator than usual.

Even if you’re incredibly careful about what you’re eating and drinking in Central America, stomach issues happen to the best of us. Be sure to pack any medications you might need along the way like Pepto Bismol and Immodium. Don’t rely on local stores having what you need in stock, particularly if you’re traveling to a more remote location.

While most countries in Central America do not require any vaccinations to enter the country, you may want to get certain vaccinations or preventative medicines depending on your itinerary. If you’re unsure, talk to your doctor or local travel medicine professional before your trip.

Q: What tips would you give someone backpacking Central America?

There are a few tips to keep in mind when backpacking Central America.

While restaurants are generally pretty inexpensive throughout the region, you’ll save a lot of money by shopping at local markets and preparing your own food at your hostel or on the road. This will help you stretch your food budget over a longer trip. Street food is also quite cheap and a great option for snacks and meals during the day.

Buses are also the most cost-effective way to travel between destinations, though it may take you longer to get from Point A to Point B.

You’ll absolutely want to pack a lock and a small medical kit with bandages, hand sanitizer, antibacterial creams, and any necessary medications in your pack.

A travel water purifier or purifying water bottle is also necessary for areas where the water is unsafe to drink. This is crucial for times when you may not be able to find bottled or otherwise purified water.

Laundromats and laundry services can also be hard to come by throughout the region so you may want to pack some small packets of detergent in case you need to wash some garments in the sink of your hostel or AirBnB.

On a similar note, pack more underwear than you think you’ll need. You don’t want to be caught without a fresh pair!

What would you add to this Central America travel guide?

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10 Best Places to Visit in Central America

Even the most intrepid travelers aren’t likely to know of all the richness of Central American countries like Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and beyond. From vast lakes and wildlife preserves to colonial cities and indigenous markets, there’s plenty here to fill travelers’ itineraries.

After living in and traveling across Central America for years, I’ve seen just about all of the major highlights of the region, from archeological wonders to some of the best cities in Latin America. In this ultimate guide to the best places to visit in Central America, I’ll share the places your money will take you further and where you’re bound to find incredible travel experiences in this overlooked region.

This post contains affiliate links that may reward me monetarily or otherwise when you use them to make qualifying purchases – at no cost to you. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. For more information, please read our  disclosure policy .

Visiting Central America

Central America consists of seven countries: Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Together with Mexico, Canada, and the United States, it forms the North American continent.

Costa Rica and Panama have long been popular travel destinations for many years. However, many of the other counties in the region have been dogged by violence and civil unrest, making them much less frequently visited than their neighbors. Now, the region now enjoys relative peace and harmony and is a superb travel destination.

Backpackers and savvy travelers have been coming to these countries for years without problems. Like most places, you must be sensible and stick to the tourist path. Most crime in this region is gang-on-gang violence, and tourists are typically not targeted.

Best Time to Visit Central America

The peak season for visiting the best places in Central America coincides with the region’s dry season, from December to April. Visiting during this time gives you the best chance of avoiding the rain and improving hiking and sightseeing.

• High Season: December – April
• Shoulder Season: May – June
• Low Season: July – November

While visitors will see some price increases during these high-season months, they are usually minimal in most places. Because most parts of Central America aren’t overtouristed , you’ll enjoy relatively low prices throughout the year and won’t feel that most places are swamped with tourists.

• Antigua, Guatemala | Ultimate Traveler’s Guide
• 25 Best Cities in Latin America
• 7 Best Markets in Latin America

 1. Lake Atitlan, Guatemala

Lake Atitlan sits inside a volcanic crater, the deepest lake in Central America. Surrounded by three large volcanoes, it is a magical destination and an easy choice as one of Central America’s best places to visit.

A popular destination in Latin America for digital nomads , you’ll find long-term travelers who make this area home for months on end, alongside backpackers, traveling families, and luxury travelers. It’s a fascinating mix and with something for every type of traveler .

The pace here is slower and more chilled out in the southwestern highlands than in nearby Antigua and Guatemala City. The lake is home to 11 unique towns dotted around its shores. You can easily spend a week exploring all the Lake Atitlan Towns .

Due to the altitude, the weather is pleasant all year round, with average temperatures in the mid-70s Fahrenheit. Hop aboard lanchas (small, local motorboats) on the water and ride in tuk-tuks to get around on land.

One of the best things to do in Lake Atitlan is the Indian Nose Sunrise Hike. Rise early and hike for an hour to see the true beauty of Lake Atitlan. You can also enjoy affordable, delicious traditional Guatemalan foods or international food at the lake’s variety of markets, restaurants, and cafes.

2. Antigua, Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala is a Spanish colonial town and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , considered among the best cities in Latin America for travelers. Only one hour from the international airport in Guatemala City, Antigua is often the first stop on any visit to Guatemala.

There are many things to do in Antigua, Guatemala . Start with a walk around town and admire the buildings and architecture. Some lovingly restored, others crumbling and paint peeling, all adding to the town’s atmospheric feeling. There are many cute cafes and restaurants here, often with delightful garden courtyards hidden behind the crumbling façade.

One of the best things to do in Antigua is the 2-day hike to Volcan Acatenango. Acatenango is a dormant volcano, but the highlight is seeing the active Volcán de Fuego (or ‘Volcano of Fire’) erupting just a short distance away.

Volcán de Fuego erupts every 30 minutes, throwing hot red lava into the sky. The hike allows you to enjoy this phenomenon up close to base camp and early the following day as you hike to the summit. Hiking Acatenango is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that you do not want to miss.

Plan a Trip to Guatemala

• 10 Most Beautiful Volcanoes in Guatemala

3. Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica

Manuel Antonio National Park is a true paradise found on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It has one of the most beautiful beaches in the world, not just in Central America. It is undoubtedly one of the best places to visit in Central America.

The unspoiled beach is breathtaking, bordered by lush forest and palm trees stretching as far as the eye can see. As well as the beach, Manuel Antonio has several walking trails through the rainforest, offering plenty of opportunities for wildlife spotting.

You will see squirrel monkeys hanging in the trees. It’s fascinating watching them play together in their natural habitat. Also, look out for the white-faced capuchin, howler monkeys, and spider monkeys.

You’ll even see two- and three-toed sloths hugging the tree trunks if you’re lucky. If you see a group of people stretching their necks and looking into the trees, they’ve likely spotted one of these fascinating shy creatures.

Plan a Trip to Costa Rica

• 12 Best Resorts in Costa Rica
• Puerto Viejo de Talamanca: Ultimate Travel Guide
• 23 Best Towns in Costa Rica (Travelers Love)

4. Isla de Ometepe Nicaragua

Isla de Ometepe (Ometepe Island) is an island consisting of two volcanoes rising perfectly from Lake Nicaragua. Lake Nicaragua is the largest lake in Central America, and Ometepe Island is the perfect getaway . Isla de Ometepe is one of the unique places to visit in Central America.

A favorite activity here is hiring a scooter and exploring the island at your own pace. Enjoy hiking to waterfalls, swimming in natural springs at Ojo de Agua, or hiking the active volcano Concepcion for the brave.

5. Bocas Del Toro, Panama

Bocas del Toro, known more simply as Bocas, is an archipelago in the northwest of Panama, very close to the border with Costa Rica.

Located in the Caribbean Sea and covered by lush rainforest, this is the place to relax on gorgeous beaches by day and go crazy partying at night.  Bocas del Toro is a tropical paradise like nowhere else in Panama.

On Isla Colón, the archipelago’s main island, you can visit the famous Starfish Beach and enjoy the white sands and calm waters with a backdrop of palm trees.   Oh yes, and plenty of starfish too.  Go early to beat the crowds.

In the evening, it’s time to party.  Put your dancing shoes on and join the infamous Filthy Friday pub crawl.  If this isn’t your scene, there are plenty of more chill bars and restaurants to enjoy a quieter drink and endless things to do in Bocas del Toro , day or night.

Read More: 16 Best Things To Do in Panama City, Panama

6. Panama City, Panama

Panama City is like no other place in Central America. Full of skyscrapers, it is a modern metropolis in a region dotted with small, low-rise cities.

If you want to savor the old-time flavor, the best area to stay in Panama City is Casco Viejo (Old Town). Away from the skyscrapers, this is where you can experience more culture and colonial architecture.

One of the best things to do in Panama City is to hire a bike for a day. It costs only $12 and allows great city exploration. Head to Amador Causeway and Cinta Costera 3 for amazing views of the Panama skyline.

Visit the Mercado de Mariscos (Fish Market) to eat with the locals. Several restaurants here offer excellent food and drink at friendly prices in large outdoor, covered settings. TV screens also show major sporting events.

Plan a Trip to Panama

• 8 Best Hotels in Panama City
• Where to Stay in Panama City + Best Panama City Neighborhoods
• 20 Best Things To Do in Panama City, Panama

7. León, Nicaragua

León, Nicaragua is one of Central America’s least touristy towns. Instead of trinket shops, expect fantastic markets and friendly locals.

León is a city with a rich history and culture. You can find traces of its revolutionary history all around town. Previously the country’s capital, León is considered the intellectual center of Nicaragua.

There are many great things to do in Leon . However, the most unique activity is volcano boarding: ascend the 45 minutes to the summit of Cerro Negro and take in the spectacular views before heading down the sandy sides on a sled. Getting down is much faster as you grab your board and surf down the side of the volcano.

Volcano boarding is the top activity in town and costs as little as $30 for a half-day adventure. It’s one of the best and most unique activities to do in Central America.

Read More: 25 Best Cities in Latin America for Travelers

8. Lake Yojoa, Honduras

Honduras is one of the least visited countries in Central America but has some hidden gems to explore. Lake Yojoa is in the northwestern part of the country, easily accessible between the capital Tegucigalpa and the central transit hub of San Pedro Sula.

Bordered by steep mountains, this is the largest lake in Honduras and a popular tourist destination with locals. Drifting around in a kayak is a great way to explore the lake. Rent Kayaks for as little as $3 for half a day. Other lake activities include jet skiing, fishing, and bird spotting.

Close to Lake Yojoa is one of the most visited attractions in the country, Pulhapanzak Waterfall. Witness rainbows form right before you as the water rushes to the river below.

• Best Things to Do in Cartagena, Colombia
• 20 Best Things to Do in Barranquilla, Colombia
• 30 Best Caribbean Islands For Your Bucket List

9. Arenal Volcano National Park, Costa Rica

Volcan Arenal is one of the most popular destinations in Costa Rica, with abundant natural attractions and adventure activities available. When visiting Arenal, La Fortuna makes an excellent base to stay.

It’s a busy little town with many good accommodation options, making it the perfect base to explore Arenal Volcano National Park and other sights in the area.

Admire the spectacular Arenal Volcano from afar and then get up close and walk amongst the lava flows on one of the walking trails within the park. The trails are quite flat and suitable for most people.

After hiking, you can soak up waterfalls, fly on zip lines, and canopy walk through the jungle. There are plenty of things to do in Arenal to keep you busy for quite a few days.

Arenal is also home to several volcanic thermal hot springs. What better way to relax those muscles after a day of exploring?

Read More: 12 Best Beaches in Costa Rica

10. Tikal, Guatemala

The Tikal Ruins in Guatemala are another UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Tikal National Park is one of the best examples of an ancient Mayan city, and the area is vast, covering 57 hectares.

Tikal is one of the best places to visit in Central America and Guatemala. It is an ancient Mayan city dating back to the 6th Century BC and found in the jungles of Northern Guatemala. People usually visit on a day tour from nearby Flores.

Tikal is not the most accessible place to reach, but this makes it all the more worthwhile when you do. Visit the Great Plaza, the Temple of the Jaguar, and enjoy the abundant wildlife.

You’ll see capuchin monkeys, howler monkeys, and coatis. Don’t forget to spend time in Flores too, a lovely little town with plenty of things to do.

• Best Markets in Latin America
• Ultimate Guide: Best Things to Do in Playa del Carmen
• Famous Landmarks in South America (And How to Visit)

How Much to Budget for Central America?

If you are on a backpacker budget, you can travel cheaply in Central America, spending no more than $40 per day. This budget will require staying in dorm rooms, eating street food and cheaper restaurants, and using public transport.

With a daily budget of $50-$60 per day, you can travel in a bit more luxury. This budget will allow a private hotel room and more restaurant meals rather than street food.

This makes Central America much more affordable than traveling costs in North America or Europe. If you’re looking for a great deal on your next holiday, head to this unforgettable corner of the world region – you’ll have an easy time navigating the best places to visit in Central America even on a tiny budget.

Central America Cheap Travel Tips

Public transportation.

If you are a budget traveler or want to save money on your trip, use public transport to travel around Central America.  In the CA-4 countries, ‘Chicken Buses’ are king.

Chicken Buses are old USA school buses, often repainted in bright, loud colors, with more lights than your Christmas tree.  They are a very economical way to travel between destinations.

Getting Internet

Roaming charges can quickly spiral when traveling abroad.  When you arrive at your destination, buy a local SIM card and add some data and minutes.  Local SIMS are cheap, keep you connected, and save you from worrying about racking up expensive bills while on the road.

Saving Money

To save money on food, avoid big-name restaurants aimed at tourists.  Eat locally at smaller places and markets – the food is often tastier and cheaper.

In most Central American countries, cash is king, especially if you shop in smaller establishments. Find a bank card that doesn’t charge for overseas ATM withdrawals and usage.  Some good examples are Starling Bank (UK) and Charles Schwab Debit Card in the USA.

This article originally appeared on Wealth of Geeks .

Wes Ellery is a Chartered Accountant and the founder of the travel blog Walkabout Wes . Utilizing his financial budgeting expertise and many years of traveling and living overseas, Wes decided to share his passion and experience of traveling on a budget. He writes about his personal experiences and offers advice and inspiration so that anyone can travel, whatever their budget.

Must-see attractions in Central America

Teatro Nacional

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La Paz Waterfall Gardens

Central Valley & Highlands

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Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio

Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio & Around

Featuring lush jungle, picture-perfect beaches and craggy headlands, this tiny park (1680 acres/680 hectares) absolutely brims with wildlife (and often…

Playa Negra

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Southern Caribbean

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Iglesia y Convento de Santo Domingo

Founded by Dominican friars in 1542, Santo Domingo became the biggest and richest monastery in Antigua. Following three 18th-century earthquakes, the…

Parque Nacional Volcán Masaya

Masaya & Los Pueblos Blancos

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Hol Chan Marine Reserve

Ambergris Caye

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Copán Archaeological Site Ruins

Copán Ruinas

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Reserva Natural Atitlán

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Parque Nacional Isla del Coco

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Around 500km southwest of the Costa Rica mainland, Isla del Coco is a natural wonder that teems with wildlife, including the largest schools of hammerhead…

Chichicastenango

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Semuc Champey

Semuc Champey & Around

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Cofradia San Simón

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Iglesia Merced

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Arco de Santa Catalina

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Monumento Nacional Cañon de Somoto

Northern Highlands

The Coco (or Wangki), Central America’s longest river, runs all the way to the Caribbean, but its first impression may be its most spectacular. Gushing…

Xunantunich

Cayo District

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Belize District

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Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho

It’s been a few decades since this 1345m volcano, the defining feature of the Granada skyline, has acted up, but it is still most certainly active and…

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Basílica Menor Santiago Apóstol

Coclé Province

Natá's principal draw is this 16th-century cathedral, thought to be the oldest church built in the Americas still in use today. Indigenous artisans did…

Convento y Museo San Francisco

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Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal

From 1968 until 2010, Volcán Arenal was an ever-active and awe-striking natural wonder, producing menacing ash columns, massive explosions and streams of…

Museo Arqueológico Huellas de Acahualinca

Discovered by miners in 1874, these fossilized tracks record the passage of perhaps 10 people – men, women and children – as well as birds, raccoons, deer…

Wilson Botanical Garden

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Museo del Jade

This museum houses the world’s largest collection of American jade (pronounced ‘ha-day’ in Spanish), with an ample exhibition space of five floors…

Museum of Belize

Belize City

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Half Moon Caye Natural Monument

Half Moon Caye Natural Monument is known first and foremost as providing nesting grounds for the rare red-footed booby bird, but the island's enchantments…

Viento Fresco

Arenal & Around

If you're travelling between Monteverde and Arenal, there's no good excuse for skipping this stop. Viento Fresco is a series of five cascades, including…

Punta Catedral

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Museo de Oro Precolombino y Numismática

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Parque Nacional Marino Ballena

Quepos to Uvita

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Goff's Caye

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Hacienda Barú National Wildlife Refuge

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Parque Nacional Marino Isla Bastimentos

Isla Bastimentos

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Museo para la Identidad Nacional

Tegucigalpa

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Home » Travel Guides » Central America » 15 Best Places to Visit in Central America

15 Best Places to Visit in Central America

There’s more to Latin American tourism than just all-inclusive resorts in the Caribbean and Spring Break in Cancun.

The entire region of Central America has such a natural beauty for anyone to enjoy without breaking the bank.

The region’s packed with gorgeous beaches, rich wildlife, tropical rainforests, ruins from some of the world’s earliest civilizations, and year-round summertime climates. What more could you want?

Let’s explore the best places to visit in Central America :

1. Tikal and Copan – Guatemala

These ancient cities of the Maya people are testimony to the rich civilization that dominated the region between 700 BC and 900 AD. While Maya ruins are scattered throughout the country, Tikal and Copan are the two major sites that remain intact.

The “Great Plaza” of Tikal is the most impressive structure, located centrally between ornate altars, ceremonial buildings, lavish dwellings, and the infamous ball court.

Fun fact: the ball games in ancient Maya times are thought to be the first sport throughout all of human history, dating back to 2500 BC. Archeologists have found ancient ball courts, like the one in Tikal, as far north as Arizona all the way down to Nicaragua and even in Cuba.

Though ancient native populations played the game for fun, it was also taken very seriously for ritual events and in disputes between communities (sounds kind of like soccer in modern-day Latin America). Under these circumstances, the captain of the losing team would often be executed or sacrificed.

2. Lake Atitlan – Guatemala

This lake formed as a result of a volcanic explosion 85,000 years ago that spread volcanic ash all the way up to Florida.

The pressure from the volcano’s magma forced the surface ground to collapse, forming a hollow circle that soon filled up with water.

Today, the breathtaking site is home to small quaint villages and is an ideal stopping point for any backpacker.

This location is more for relaxation and taking a breather from all the adventure than it is for partying.

You can take in the serene beauty of the lake and volcanos by kayaking, hiking, biking, jet skiing, swimming, boating, or taking a cultural tour through the surrounding indigenous villages.

3. Dominical – Costa Rica

This beach town is a surfer’s dream. With consistent ten-feet-high waves, hardly anyone does anything else.

But there are other options aside from taking surfing lessons from one of the countless surfing companies along the shore.

Dominical has gorgeous rainforests, waterfalls, and caves where you can go zip lining, horseback riding, hiking, enjoy a massage or even a yoga session.

You can also see whales 9 months out of the year. There are whale watching tours where you can see the only place in the Western Hemisphere where whales from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres meet.

This beach town is a perfect place to lay back in a hammock and relax off the beaten trail—since there are no paved roads, chain restaurants, or significant cultural sites here.

4. Corcovado – Costa Rica

National Geographic called Corcovado National Park the “most biologically intense place on Earth,” and they were definitely onto something.

It’s the crown jewel of Costa Rica’s national parks, with 103,290 acres of tropical rainforest, and home to 500 species of trees, 6,000 species of insects, 140 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, 116 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 40 species of fish.

There are also jaguars, sea turtles, sloths, and many species of monkeys.

So if you want to hike up your sleeves and explore the wildlife of the incredible Central American rainforests, you surely can’t miss Corcovado!

5. San Blas Islands – Panama

Lonely Planet named San Blas the #3 tropical paradise in the world in 2011. This heavenly place of 365 islands is exactly what you picture when you think tropical paradise: white sand, crystal-clear waters, palm trees, and isolation.

Thanks to the Guna indigenous group who owns this region, big business and commercialization hasn’t been allowed in.

They have preserved the natural environment in all of its glory.

You won’t find any concrete, sky scrapers, or even wifi in this part of Panama, and it is bliss if you’re really trying to escape from reality for a few days (or weeks or years…you might just want to move there).

All the islands are very accessible to each other, so you can hop from one to the other by boat and enjoy sun bathing, snorkeling, kayaking, or sailing.

The Guna people are also very friendly, and happily offer tours of their villages to tourists.

You can explore their peaceful way of life that seems like it’s stuck in time, walking through their bamboo houses and swinging hammocks, all tucked in between the rainforest, waterfalls, and impeccable beaches.

6. Boquete  – Panama

Don’t forget to stop by this quiet mountain town deemed “The Land of Eternal Springtime.

” It contains the best known U.S. expat community in the world, so you can have fun and take a mental break from working on your Spanish skills.

Because of the many Americans in the area, you can find anything between hostels to luxury hotels with health spas.

In Boquete, you can go whitewater rafting, zip lining, rock climbing, enjoy the natural hot springs, go on an adventurous safari tour, visit the famous coffee plantations the region is known for, or visit the Baru Volcano, one of the only places in the world where you can see both the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean at the same time.

7. León – Nicaragua

Discover the thriving college town of León, one of Nicaragua’s oldest cities, and the country’s political and cultural center.

León remains one of Central American’s main attractions for students as backpackers, as the city is draped in Spanish colonial architecture and pulsates with museums, art centers, public murals, and historic churches.

Savor the authentic flavors of Nicaragua’s local favorites: fried cheese, plantains, and the quintessential rice and beans.

And at night, muster up the courage to try León’s famous salsa dance clubs.

8. Granada – Nicaragua

One of the country’s largest cities and situated along the shores of Lake Nicaragua, Granada offers travelers plenty of variety from site-seeing to activities.

Take a stroll through this historic city, filled with brightly colored buildings remnant of Spanish colonialism, and explore the buzzing markets selling local goods and handicrafts.

And head to the banks of Lake Nicaragua for horseback riding and ancient archaeological sites.

9. Ambergris Caye – Belize

In the only English-speaking country in Central America, tourists throughout the world can come to Belize and not have to stress over any language barrier.

In this dreamy island off the coast of Belize, relaxation is the modus operandi.

Swap out your slacks for shorts, turn in your professional-looking shoes for flip flops, and leave your stress back at home.

Ambergris Caye is the ultimate getaway for beach lovers looking to retreat from civilization.

Swim through the crystal-clear turquoise waters, bask under the warm Caribbean sun, and explore some of Belize’s exotic animals in the wildlife sanctuaries.

10. The Hummingbird Highway – Belize

At the foot of the Maya Mountain range, the Hummingbird Highway in Belize directs tourists through some of the most jaw-dropping views in Central America.

The 55-mile-long highway winds through Belize’s jungles, citrus orchards, and impeccably picturesque villages, with gorgeous scenery at every turn.

And the road is not to be travelled in one sitting, but rather tourists should consider stopping along the way.

Visit Cave’s Branch along the Highway for cave tubing, or stop at St.

Herman’s Cave, where you can explore the huge caverns and classic Mayan artifacts with a guide.

And for the final touch, take a dive into the Blue Hole, a 25ft-deep sapphire-blue swimming hole off the Hummingbird Highway.

11. Roatán – Honduras

The largest of the Bay Islands, Roatán is a prominent scuba diving destination in Central America.

Snorkelers and scuba divers flock from all over the globe to this spot in the Caribbean Sea, where the second-largest barrier reef in the world surrounds the island.

And for all those looking for their own slice of tropical paradise, Roatán features the region’s famous white sand beaches, turquoise waters, lush jungles, and exotic wildlife—without the mass tourism in the way.

Come relax in this Central American oasis, where pure bliss is just the natural state of mind.

12. Ruta de las Flores – El Salvador

Translated literally as “The Flower Route,” this beautiful trail through El Salvador is like meandering through the history of the country itself.

In a series of colonial and indigenous villages, La Ruta de las Flores captures the beautiful architecture and rich culture of the Salvadoran people.

Browse through local markets with handmade crafts, try El Salvador’s renowned coffee from the source, and relax for a lazy weekend with authentic Salvadoran cuisine.

If that’s too slow of a pace, you can also head to the Cordillera Apaneca, a volcanic mountain range with trails for mountain biking, horseback riding, and hiking.

And scattered throughout the Apaneca are stunning waterfalls.

13. Antigua – Guatemala

Once the capital of the Spanish Empire in Central America (with Mexico City representing North America and Lima, Peru, and Buenos Aires, Argentina  representing South America), the historic town of Antigua, Guatemala is a must-see destination for Central American travelers.

The enchanting Spanish architecture gives Antigua a quaint and romantic atmosphere.

Stroll through this beautiful, old town with historic landmarks dotted throughout.

Trek to Central Park, where you can lazily spend the day under the plush trees among the city’s monuments and fountains.

And for full panoramic views of Antigua, climb up to the Hill of the Cross and take in the vastness of the land.

14. Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve – Costa Rica

Located along the Tilarán mountain range in Costa Rica, this reserve is one of Costa Rica’s most coveted tourist destinations.

Around 400 species of birds, more than 100 species of mammals, 1,200 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 2,500 species of plants are all found at this mecca for biodiversity.

In order to fully experience nature at work, tourists can go ziplining, hiking, Sky Walking over suspension bridges, and take canopy tours over the tree tops at Monteverde.

In this majestic forest, you’re likely to come across wild pigs, moneys, porcupines, and many other wildlife species you may have never heard of.

15. Arenal Volcano – Costa Rica

Up until 2010, Arenal was the most active volcano in Costa Rica.

Its frequent, small eruptions displayed glorious shows of spewing lava for onlookers to admire.

Now in its dormant phase, the explosions are indefinitely on hold.

Even so, the area surrounding the Arenal provides an enchanting backdrop for any Central American traveler.

Together with the dormant Chato Volcano, the Arenal Volcano makes up the Arenal Volcano National Park, inclusive with breath-taking lakes, rivers, mountains, and rainforests.

Venture into nature for whitewater rafting, mountain climbing, ziplining, canopy tours, caving, and waterfall rappelling.

And when you’re ready to relax from the day’s adrenaline, soak in the park’s natural hot springs created by the volcanic geothermal activity.

15 Best Places to Visit in Central America:

• Tikal and Copan – Guatemala
• Lake Atitlan – Guatemala
• Dominical – Costa Rica
• Corcovado – Costa Rica
• San Blas Islands – Panama
• Boquete  – Panama
• León – Nicaragua
• Granada – Nicaragua
• Ambergris Caye – Belize
• The Hummingbird Highway – Belize
• Roatán – Honduras
• Ruta de las Flores – El Salvador
• Antigua – Guatemala
• Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve – Costa Rica
• Arenal Volcano – Costa Rica

Travel, Tourism & Hospitality

International tourism in Central America - statistics & facts

International tourism: a key sector for the region’s economy, strengths and weaknesses of tourism in central american countries, key insights.

Detailed statistics

Total tourism GDP in Central America 2019-2021

Total contribution of travel and tourism to employment in Central America 2019-2021

Inbound tourism spending in Central America 1995-2021

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Current statistics on this topic.

Inbound tourism share over total tourism spending in Central America 2019-2021

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Recommended statistics

• Basic Statistic Total tourism GDP in Central America 2019-2021
• Basic Statistic Total contribution of travel and tourism to employment in Central America 2019-2021
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Central America 1995-2021
• Premium Statistic U.S. outbound tourism volume to Latin America and the Caribbean 2011-2021
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism intensity in Central American countries 2019-2021
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism spending in Central America 1995-2021
• Premium Statistic Contribution of inbound tourism to Central American exports 2019-2021, by country
• Basic Statistic Inbound tourism share over total tourism spending in Central America 2019-2021

Total contribution of travel and tourism to the gross domestic product in Central America from 2019 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Number of jobs in travel and tourism in Central America from 2019 to 2021 (in millions)

Inbound tourism volume in Central America 1995-2021

Number of international tourist arrivals in Central America from 1995 to 2021 (in millions)

U.S. outbound tourism volume to Latin America and the Caribbean 2011-2021

Number of citizens of the United States who traveled to Latin America and the Caribbean from 2011 to 2021, by region (in millions)

Inbound tourism intensity in Central American countries 2019-2021

Average number of international tourists per inhabitant in Central America from 2019 to 2021, by country

Expenditure of international tourists in Central America from 1995 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Contribution of inbound tourism to Central American exports 2019-2021, by country

Expenditure of international tourists as a share of total exports in Central America from 2019 to 2021, by country

Expenditure of international tourists as a percentage of total tourism spending in Central America from 2019 to 2021, by country

Tourism volume

• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Costa Rica 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Panama 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in El Salvador 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Guatemala 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Nicaragua 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Honduras 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism volume in Belize 2010-2022

Inbound tourism volume in Costa Rica 2010-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in Panama 2010-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Panama from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in El Salvador 2010-2021

Number of international tourist arrivals in El Salvador from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in Guatemala 2010-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Guatemala from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in Nicaragua 2010-2021

Number of international tourist arrivals in Nicaragua from 2010 to 2021 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in Honduras 2010-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Honduras from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Inbound tourism volume in Belize 2010-2022

Number of international tourist arrivals in Belize from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Tourism expenditures

• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Costa Rica 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Panama 2016-2022
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in El Salvador 2010-2021, by category
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Guatemala 2010-2020
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Nicaragua 2010-2022
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Honduras 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic International tourism spending in Belize 2011-2020

International tourism spending in Costa Rica 2010-2021

Expenditure of international tourists in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)

International tourism spending in Panama 2016-2022

Expenditure of international tourists in Panama from 2016 to 2022 (in billion Panamanian balboas)

International tourism spending in El Salvador 2010-2021, by category

Expenditure of international tourists in El Salvador from 2010 to 2021, by main category (in million U.S. dollars)

International tourism spending in Guatemala 2010-2020

Expenditure of international tourists in Guatemala from 2010 to 2020 (in million U.S. dollars)

International tourism spending in Nicaragua 2010-2022

Expenditure of international tourists in Nicaragua from 2010 to 2022 (in million U.S. dollars)

International tourism spending in Honduras 2010-2021

Expenditure of international tourists in Honduras from 2010 to 2021 (in million U.S. dollars)

International tourism spending in Belize 2011-2020

Expenditure of international tourists in Belize from 2011 to 2020 (in million Belize dollars)

Cruise tourism

• Premium Statistic Cruise ship calls in Central America 2018-2023, by coastline
• Premium Statistic Cruise ship calls in Central American countries 2023, by coastline
• Premium Statistic Cruise ship calls in Central American Caribbean ports 2023
• Premium Statistic Cruise ship calls in Central American Pacific ports 2021
• Premium Statistic Cruise passenger traffic in Central America 2014-2020, by type
• Premium Statistic Cruise tourist arrivals in Belize 2010-2022

Cruise ship calls in Central America 2018-2023, by coastline

Number of cruise vessels calling at ports in Central America from 2018 to 2023, by coastline

Cruise ship calls in Central American countries 2023, by coastline

Number of cruise vessels calling at ports in Central America in 2023, by country and coastline

Cruise ship calls in Central American Caribbean ports 2023

Number of cruise vessels calling in the Central American Caribbean coastline in 2023, by port

Cruise ship calls in Central American Pacific ports 2021

Number of cruise vessels calling in the Central American Pacific coastline in 2021, by port

Cruise passenger traffic in Central America 2014-2020, by type

Number of cruise passengers handled in Central America from 2014 to 2020, by status (in 1,000s)

Cruise tourist arrivals in Belize 2010-2022

Number of cruise passenger arrivals in Belize from 2010 to 2022 (in 1,000s)

Accommodation offer

• Premium Statistic Number of hotels in Costa Rica 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic Number of accommodation establishments in Panama 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic Number of lodgings in El Salvador 2012-2021
• Premium Statistic Number of lodgings in Guatemala 2013-2022
• Premium Statistic Number of lodgings in Nicaragua 2010-2021
• Premium Statistic Number of hotels in Honduras 2014-2020
• Premium Statistic Number of hotels in Belize 2021, by location

Number of hotels in Costa Rica 2010-2021

Number of hotel and similar establishments in Costa Rica from 2010 to 2021

Number of accommodation establishments in Panama 2010-2021

Number of accommodation establishments in Panama from 2010 to 2021

Number of lodgings in El Salvador 2012-2021

Number of accommodation establishments in El Salvador from 2012 to 2021

Number of lodgings in Guatemala 2013-2022

Number of accommodation establishments in Guatemala from 2013 to 2022

Number of lodgings in Nicaragua 2010-2021

Number of accommodation establishments in Nicaragua from 2010 to 2021

Number of hotels in Honduras 2014-2020

Number of hotels and similar establishments in Honduras from 2014 to 2020

Number of hotels in Belize 2021, by location

Number of hotel establishments in Belize as of December 2021, by region

Tourism development

• Premium Statistic Costa Rica's tourism development 2021, by subindex
• Premium Statistic Panama's tourism development 2021, by subindex
• Premium Statistic El Salvador's tourism development 2021, by subindex
• Premium Statistic Guatemala's tourism development 2021, by subindex
• Premium Statistic Nicaragua's tourism development 2021, by subindex
• Premium Statistic Honduras's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Costa Rica's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in Costa Rica in 2021, by subindex

Panama's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in Panama in 2021, by subindex

El Salvador's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in El Salvador in 2021, by subindex

Guatemala's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in Guatemala in 2021, by subindex

Nicaragua's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in Nicaragua in 2021, by subindex

Honduras's tourism development 2021, by subindex

Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) in Honduras in 2021, by subindex

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The Magnificent Seven: Sustainable Tourism on Central America’s East Coast

20 June, 2019

All aboard an eco-conscious voyage across seven nations of Central America’s East Coast. Taking in Panama , Nicaragua , Belize and more, we step off the beaten track and into a world of natural beauty and age-old culture.

Hurtling down a tiny dirt path on the edge of a ravine, I squint looking for jaguars. My view is bombarded with lush foliage covering mountains, a muddy golden river and flocks of exotic birdlife perching in the treetops. Beneath me spreads the Braulio National Park, an almost 500k㎡ area where endangered wild cats prowl.

I’m at the start of my voyage from San Jose to the Caribbean Coast, on a sailing adventure that will take me across seven counties in two weeks. As I study the pirate-like map of cays, coves and coasts hardly touched by tourism, I find it impossible not to think of my dad in his go-to fancy dress. Jack Sparrow, eat your heart out.

Before sailing out of Puerto Limón, I explore the Tortuguero Canal. Reeking of essential oils (I have an aversion to DEET), I don my tattered Converse, roll down my linen trousers and climb into a small motorboat. Passing old sailboats with names such as Young Blood and El Doctor, I spy sloths, toucans and crocodiles. Spider monkeys screech to their broods – a sound that seems alien coming from their tiny frames.

Boarding the Norwegian vessel that will be my home for the next fortnight, I’m led to a surprisingly large cabin named Ludvig Hansen. Inside, alone, I pop some bubbly and toast to my cabin’s namesake – a handsome sailor and tinsmith who wintered on Svalbard and was a crew member on Amundsen’s expedition to the South Pole. My cabin has a massive bed (After Eights on the pillow at turndown), a private shower room and porthole looking out onto deck five. This must be bigger than Amundsen’s old quarters, I think. I’m ready to set sail. All hands hoay.

As we pass the Panama Canal, onboard scientist Mattias regales me with stories of the canal’s origins, its construction indebted to 16th-century Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa. I’m haunted by the fact that 22,000 workers perished mainly from tropical diseases during the construction of the Panama Canal – I am thankful for my last minute yellow fever jab.

This talk is the first of many illuminating moments I experience on board. I scan ocean birdlife with ornithologist Holly (who doubles as a sunrise yoga instructor) and embark on mile-around-the-ship group walks. Other days I study geology, with choice samples gathered by biologists, and hear more about the dizzying powers of plant medicine as well as how we can help to stop plastic pollution. I hear about history’s attempts to combat the deadly mosquito and learn how to use a sextant (for astronomical navigation reading) with worldly Polish sailor, Henryk.

On land, I explore historic ruins of Fort San Lorenzo at the mouth of the Chagres River, discovered by Columbus in 1502. Spanish colonists went on to build a fort here in a bid to protect the coast from pirates, though it was destroyed by Welsh privateer Captain Henry Morgan in 1670. (Later in the trip I go on to glimpse Morgan’s Head and Morgan’s Buttocks – those being two clifftops on the Colombian island of Providencia, which he raided and used as a base during the overthrow of the Spanish Empire).

On Aguja Island, a short distance from Panama’s Guna Yala archipelago, I meet one of the Caribbean’s last tribes, the Kuna people, clad in bright, geometric patterned textiles, performing traditional song and dance.

Women here are proud breadwinners, as they create the mola textile art, and it is these matriarchal figures – not men – who make the important domestic decisions. Gender fluidity is celebrated too. Young boys who wish to live out their lives as women, for example, are known and accepted as Omeggid, a figure engrained in Guna mythology and one epitomised as a “third gender”.

As we journey to Nicaraguan territory, I become tirelessly nosy – ever the inquisitor – and find myself below deck in the guts of the ship. I discover an intricate water system of coolers and heaters that includes a seawater-to-drinking-water contraption that works by reverse osmosis. Dazzled at this eco-technology, I am shown “The Pig”, a characterful machine that takes food waste and converts it to grey water that can be safely released to the ocean.

Hurtigruten, the company which runs the ship and expedition, is among the first cruise operators to ban single-use plastic on board. Casting aside the cruising industry’s damaging environmental reputation, Hurtigruten voluntarily abandoned the use of heavy fuel over a decade ago and is set to launch ships with engines that run off rotten fish. Combined with increased energy efficiency on board, this new technology means that CO2 emissions will be reduced by 20 per cent. Its aim is to be carbon neutral by 2050.

Guests are encouraged to sign a list letting staff know when they’ll be dining ashore, so food waste is kept to a minimum. Meanwhile the chefs make the most of local produce, buying the exotic, abundant catches of the fishermen on islands en route.

When we reach the Nicaraguan Big Corn Island, I believe I have found true paradise. Here the sand gleams white and waters vary between malachite green and crystal clear. I snorkel among the pristine reefs , being careful not to interfere with them, and chat with bubbly locals and a few travellers – the island is a five-hour boat trip from the mainland, so you won’t find many tourists here.

A local cab driver takes me across the island. He, a 24 year old, tells me that he studied in Panama City and frequently travels to Colombia to see his father. Ignorantly, I ask if he craves city life. “Nope. I always come back here,” he replies. “Here’s where it’s at.”

The Corn Islands are famed for their seafood – especially lobster – and that evening we eat grilled Big Corn langoustines on deck. I have found my nirvana.

Yet onto Honduran waters we venture, to the raw beauty of Cayos Cochinos, Islas De La Bahia, where there are no roads and no cars and a lot of flaxen sands and jungle. Massive antediluvian-looking reptiles prowl, sandflies feast on my blood, and brown pelicans swoop and dive. Transfixed, I am awakened from my dream state by the sound of drums and singing. I follow the music, swimming in crystal waters as I make my way around to the other side of this tiny island where I find the Garifuna people.

Originally from the Caribbean island of St Vincent, the Garifuna now mostly reside further north in Central America – though some small communities remain here. Women of all ages laugh, smile and dance, taking their turn at the centre of the celebrating circle as others sing. Men, meanwhile, play drums and children wait sweetly and patiently by the sides, thrilled at the sight of their mothers.

This dance, known as punta, was popularised in 80s Belize and has the joyful, fun vibe of calypso made even better with the hypnotic, acapella song. I watch for what seemed like hours, taking a brief moment to lay supine on the perfect sand, before heading back to the rib boat which would lead me on a bouncy journey back to my ship.

Only after stopping on the Isla de la Providencia do I find the finest treasure on the map: Belize. Time spent here is priceless. Among the nation’s many churches, visitors will find an abundance of cashew wine and rum. Yet it is for nature lovers and thrill seekers that this outdoor haven is best.

On arrival, I head straight out of the city into more jungle. I am about to face one of my greatest fears. Zip lining just doesn’t seem natural, I tell myself as I am buckled up by a man named Bruce at the Jaguar Paw Park Outpost. Then again, neither is the massive ship I’ve been in for several nights. I hold on for dear life and scream as I career through the jungle canopy along five separate ziplines. Perhaps I will be an adrenaline junkie one day.

I come down in the nearby Nohoch Che’en National Park, tubing in the spectacular Crystal Cave, which is home to ancient Mayan remains and stunning stalactites. Giant crystals glint as Bruce guides us on rubber tubes through the water. Our headlamps illuminate the scale and beauty of this awesome space, which dates back hundreds of millions of years.

I stumble further down the proverbial Belizean rabbit hole aboard a small motor boat (named the Belizean Beauty) some 70km off the mainland. Approaching Lighthouse Reef, our boat is surrounded by reef sharks and barracuda. Yet my eye is drawn to the Great Blue Hole. Once a pre-Ice Age limestone cave, it is now the world’s largest sinkhole and an icon of the world’s largest coral reef system: the Belize Barrier Reef.

My journey to such under-visited places has left me with the hope that we can reverse the negative impact of mass tourism. Sustainable travel is something we can choose and endorse without foregoing the luxuries of accommodation, natural wonders and adventure. Prioritising the off-the-beaten-track experience with operators and organisations that support the seas and nourish local communities can help protect and raise awareness of our fragile environment and fund research into our fascinating planet.

For more info on eco-tourism visit global.hurtigruten.com Prices for this annual expedition start at 3,790€ per person, not including flights to/ from San Jose/ Miami International.

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• January 2, 2023

Get ready to embark on an adventure of a lifetime, fellow eco-conscious travelers! Central America is a region of the world that boasts stunning natural beauty and a commitment to sustainable development. From lush rainforests to vibrant coral reefs, Central America is a haven for eco-tourists looking to explore unique ecosystems while minimizing their impact on the environment. In this article, I’ll take you on a journey through some of the best sustainable travel options in Central America, sharing my personal experiences and recommendations along the way. Get ready to be wowed by the incredible biodiversity and eco-friendly initiatives that await you in Central America!

Central America is home to a variety of ecotourism destinations that offer visitors the opportunity to experience the natural beauty of the region while also supporting local communities and conserving the environment. Some of the best eco resort destinations in Central America include:

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Costa Rica : Costa Rica is known for its diverse landscape and abundant wildlife, and is home to a variety of eco-friendly resorts and lodges, including the Arenal Volcano Lodge, which is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes, birdwatching, and visits to hot springs.

Panama: Panama is known for its beautiful beaches and abundant marine life, and is home to a variety of eco-friendly resorts, including the Isla Palenque Resort, which is located on a private island and offers a variety of activities, including snorkeling, scuba diving, and surfing.

Belize : Belize is home to a variety of eco-friendly lodges, including the Chan Chich Lodge, which is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes, birdwatching, and visits to Mayan ruins.

Guatemala: Guatemala is home to a variety of eco-friendly lodges, including the Maya Jungle Lodge, which is located in the Peten region of Guatemala and is surrounded by lush rainforest. The lodge offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes through the rainforest, birdwatching, and visits to Mayan ruins.

Honduras: Honduras is home to a variety of eco-friendly lodges, including the Pico Bonito Lodge, which is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes, birdwatching, and visits to waterfalls.

Overall, these destinations offer a variety of eco-friendly resorts and lodges that allow visitors to experience the natural beauty of Central America while also supporting local communities and conserving the environment.

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The benefits and drawbacks of eco-travel in central america.

As with any type of travel, there are both benefits and drawbacks to eco-travel in Central America. Here are some of my personal experiences:

Connecting with Nature: Eco-travel in Central America offers a chance to connect with nature and appreciate the region’s incredible biodiversity. From rainforests to coral reefs, there’s no shortage of natural beauty to explore.

Supporting Local Communities: Many eco-tourism initiatives in Central America are designed to support local communities and promote sustainable development. By choosing eco-friendly accommodations and tours, you can help support these initiatives and contribute to local economies.

Minimizing Your Carbon Footprint: Eco-travel in Central America often involves responsible tourism practices that help minimize your impact on the environment. From reducing plastic waste to using renewable energy sources, eco-friendly travel options can help you minimize your carbon footprint while exploring the region.

Higher Costs: Eco-friendly accommodations and tours in Central America can be more expensive than traditional travel options. While many eco-travel options are worth the extra cost, it’s important to factor these expenses into your travel budget.

Limited Availability: While Central America has made great strides in eco-tourism, sustainable options can still be limited in some areas. This means that you may need to do some extra research or plan your itinerary carefully to ensure you have access to eco-friendly options.

Language Barriers: In some parts of Central America, language barriers can make it challenging to communicate with locals or navigate sustainable travel options. However, with some basic language skills and a willingness to learn, you can overcome these challenges and enjoy an eco-friendly travel experience.

As an eco-conscious traveler, I’ve found that Central America offers a wealth of sustainable travel options that allow you to connect with nature and support local communities. From eco-friendly accommodations to responsible tours and activities, there’s something for every eco-conscious traveler in the region. While there may be some challenges to eco-travel in Central America, the benefits of minimizing your carbon footprint and contributing to sustainable development are well worth the effort. So pack your bags, bring your reusable water bottle, and get ready to explore the beauty of Central America while protecting the environment for future generations.

Review from Alex

Alex here again, ready to share my insights on sustainable travel options in Central America. As a lover of the natural world, I always look for destinations that prioritize environmental responsibility and offer eco-friendly experiences. Central America is a beautiful region that offers plenty of options for travelers like us, and I’m excited to share my recommendations with you.

Sustainability in Central America: What Sets it Apart?

Central America has become a hub for sustainable tourism in recent years, thanks to the region’s commitment to environmental protection and eco-friendly initiatives. Countries like Costa Rica and Panama have been leading the charge in eco-tourism, with many accommodations, tours, and activities designed to minimize their impact on the environment.

One of the things that sets Central America apart from other destinations is its rich biodiversity. From lush rainforests to stunning coral reefs, the region is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna that must be protected. Fortunately, many local organizations and tour operators have made it their mission to promote conservation and responsible tourism.

Eco-Friendly Accommodations in Central America: My Top Picks

As an eco-conscious traveler, I’m always on the lookout for accommodations that prioritize sustainability and eco-friendliness. Here are my top picks for eco-friendly accommodations in Central America:

Lapa Rios Ecolodge, Costa Rica

Located in the Osa Peninsula, Lapa Rios Ecolodge is a beautiful eco-resort that offers a luxurious and sustainable experience. The resort is built on a 1,000-acre private rainforest reserve and is committed to conservation and community development. From solar-powered bungalows to locally sourced meals, Lapa Rios has everything an eco-conscious traveler could ask for.

Finca Rosa Blanca Coffee Plantation and Inn, Costa Rica

If you’re a coffee lover, you’ll love Finca Rosa Blanca. This charming eco-lodge is located on a coffee plantation and offers guests a chance to learn about sustainable coffee farming practices. The lodge has a solar-heated pool, a beautiful garden, and stunning views of the surrounding mountains.

Tranquilo Bay Eco Adventure Lodge, Panama

Tranquilo Bay Eco Adventure Lodge is a hidden gem on the island of Bastimentos in Panama. The lodge offers eco-friendly accommodations, delicious local cuisine, and a variety of eco-tours that showcase the region’s incredible biodiversity. The lodge is committed to responsible tourism and is actively involved in local conservation efforts.

Sustainable Activities and Tours in Central America: Must-Try Experiences

In addition to eco-friendly accommodations, Central America offers a variety of sustainable tours and activities that allow travelers to connect with nature and support local communities. Here are some of my favorite eco-friendly activities in the region:

Snorkeling in Belize

Belize has some of the most beautiful coral reefs in the world, and snorkeling is a fantastic way to explore this underwater wonderland. Several tour operators in Belize are committed to responsible tourism and follow sustainable snorkeling practices to protect the delicate marine ecosystem.

Hiking in Arenal Volcano National Park, Costa Rica

Arenal Volcano National Park is a popular destination for eco-tourists, thanks to its stunning natural beauty and incredible biodiversity. The park has several well-marked hiking trails that allow visitors to explore the rainforest, waterfalls, and volcanic landscapes.

Community-based Tourism in Guatemala

Guatemala has a thriving community-based tourism industry that allows travelers to experience the country’s rich culture and support local communities. From homestays to cultural tours, there are plenty of opportunities to connect with locals and learn about their way of life.

More information in review

Central America is a region located in the southern part of North America that is known for its rich culture, beautiful landscapes, and abundant natural resources. It is also home to a variety of ecotourism destinations that offer visitors the opportunity to experience the natural beauty of the region while also supporting local communities and conserving the environment.

One of the best ecotourism destinations in Central America is Costa Rica, which is known for its diverse landscape and abundant wildlife. The country is home to a variety of eco-friendly resorts and lodges, including the Arenal Volcano Lodge, which is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes, birdwatching, and visits to hot springs.

Another great ecotourism destination in Central America is Panama, which is known for its beautiful beaches and abundant marine life. The country is home to a variety of eco-friendly resorts, including the Isla Palenque Resort, which is located on a private island and offers a variety of activities, including snorkeling, scuba diving, and surfing.

For those who want to experience the beauty of the rainforest, Belize is a great destination. The country is home to a variety of eco-friendly lodges, including the Chan Chich Lodge, which is located in the heart of the rainforest and offers a variety of activities, including guided hikes, birdwatching, and visits to Mayan ruins.

Overall, Central America is a great region for ecotourism, with a variety of destinations and activities to choose from. Whether you want to stay in a rainforest lodge, explore the beaches of Panama, or visit the Mayan ruins of Belize, Central America has something for everyone.

Central America is home to a variety of ecotourism experiences, including national parks, nature reserves, and cultural and historical sites. Here are some top ecotourism experiences in each country in Central America:

• Belize: Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System, Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, and Actun Tunichil Muknal Cave
• Costa Rica: Arenal Volcano National Park, Tortuguero National Park, and Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
• El Salvador: Joya de Cerén Archaeological Site, Coatepeque Lake, and Laguna de Olomega
• Guatemala: Tikal National Park, Semuc Champey, and Lake Atitlán
• Honduras: Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Bay Islands, and Copán Ruinas
• Nicaragua: Masaya Volcano National Park, Mombacho Volcano Nature Reserve, and Granada
• Panama: Coiba National Park, Bocas del Toro Archipelago, and Darien National Park

Panama: A Harmony of Nature, Culture, and All-Inclusive Indulgence: “Panama, a slender land bridge connecting two vast continents, has always been a place of convergence. Here, North meets South, oceans intertwine, and rich biodiversity flourishes amidst the vibrant pulse of urban life. From its famed canal to its lush rainforests and idyllic beaches, Panama offers a diverse tableau for the discerning traveler.

Sustainable travel in such a place beckons us to tread lightly, to appreciate the chirps of its diverse birdlife, to listen to the tales of its indigenous communities, and to immerse ourselves in its rich mosaic of ecosystems. But what if we could complement this eco-conscious approach with moments of pure, unadulterated luxury?

Enter the realm of Panama’s all-inclusive resorts, as presented by our sister site, Luxury Resort Bliss. Their curated list of all-inclusive resorts in Panama offers travelers an opportunity to bask in the country’s natural beauty while enjoying the highest levels of comfort and service. Picture yourself on a private beach, cocktail in hand, watching the sunset over the Pacific, or perhaps enjoying a spa treatment with ingredients sourced from the very rainforests you explored earlier in the day.

In Panama, the harmony between sustainability and luxury is not just a dream—it’s a reality awaiting your discovery. Dive into an experience that celebrates both the heart of Panama and the pleasures of all-inclusive travel.”

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• About Costa Rica

Knowing about Costa Rica before you go!

Costa Rica is a country located in Central America that is ranked as one of the most visited international destinations. One of Costa Rica’s main sources of income is tourism. Costa Rica is a democratic and peaceful country and it has not had an army since the year 1948.

Although the country is small and it covers only 0.03 percent of the surface of the globe, it proudly shelters 5 percent of the existing biodiversity in the entire world. Twenty six percent of the country is composed of conservation and natural protected territory.

Furthermore, 2018 has become a magnet for meeting tourism with the opening of the National Congress and Convention Center (CNCC), which can welcome some 4,600 people to its meetings. Located eight kilometers from the Juan Santamaría International Airport and just 10 kilometers from San José, the new space will bring together people from different backgrounds and cultures to exchange experiences and new businesses.

Costa Rica is also an attractive country for investment and offers great potential for the establishment of important multinational companies, thanks to the outstanding academic level of its population, as well as the high standard of modern services and social and political stability.

General information

Costa rica facts.

Costa Rica is located in Central America, connecting North and South America. It borders Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south. Because of its location, warm weather predominates, but many different microclimates are found throughout the country. According to the National Statistics and Census Institute, Costa Rica has a population of approximately 4,890,379, of which 2,467,829 are men and 2,422,551 are women.

The country is divided into seven provinces (San José, its capital, Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, Puntarenas, Guanacaste and Limón), 81 cantons and 463 districts. It stretches across 51,100 square kilometers, which is the size of the country. It is a democratic, free and independent Republic. Most of the population professes the Catholic religion and enjoys freedom of religion. Its currency is the colón, and its official language is Spanish.

One of the most important and recognized characteristics of the country was the abolition of its army on Dec. 1, 1948 by former President José Figueres Ferrer. On that date, peace became one of the main principles of Costa Rica, differentiating it from other Central American countries that utilize the military as a method of defense.

Costa Rica has national patriotic symbols that represent part of the identity and traditions of Costa Ricans, particularly the National Anthem of Costa Rica, the Shield of the Republic of Costa Rica, the National Flag, the White-Tailed Deer, the Guaria Morada (a type of orchid that is the national flower), Marimba, Oxcarts, the Yigüirro (or clay-colored thrush, the national bird), the Guanacaste Tree, The Pre-Columbian Spheres of Diquís, the manatee, the Torch of Independence and the Crestones of Chirripó National Park.

Official language:

Spanish. A large portion of the population speaks English as a second language.

Official religion:

Roman Catholic; complete freedom of religion.

Official currency:

Costa Rican Colón (plural colones) (¢)

Administrative divisions:

Costa Rica is divided into seven provinces: San José , Alajuela , Heredia , Cartago , Puntarenas , Guanacaste , and Limón. Each province is divided into cantons, which are further subdivided into districts.

The country’s marine territory consists of the Isla del Coco, a World Natural Heritage site, located 548 km from Cabo Blanco, in the Pacific Ocean. It has a land area of 2,400 hectares and a marine territory of 73,100 hectares.

National symbols:

• The guaria morada: The guaria morada (Cattleya skinneri), a species of orchid, was declared the national flower of Costa Rica on July 15, 1939.
• National flag: The national flag of Costa Rica. Under Decree no. 768 of October 25, 1949, National Flag Day (Día del Pabellón Nacional) is celebrated on November 12th of each year. The National Flag of the Republic is a tricolor with five horizontal bands: a red band in the center between two bands of white, each of which is followed by a blue band. The width of each band is one-sixth of the total width of the flag, with the red band in the center taking up two-sixths of the width. The coat of arms must be placed in the center of the red band on a white background.
• Guanacaste tree: Enterolobium cyclocarpum. On August 31, 1959, it was declared as the national tree of Costa Rica.
• Coat of arms of Costa Rica: The Coat of Arms shows three volcanoes and a wide valley between two oceans, with a merchant ship in each ocean. A rising sun is shown on the far left of the upper line, which marks the horizon. The crest is closed by two palm fronds that are united by a wide, white sash bearing golden letters that spell out “República de Costa Rica”.
• Clay-colored thrush: The clay-colored thush (or yigüirro) was declared the national bird of Costa Rica in 1977 in the interest of the protection of this and other bird species in the country.
• The traditional ox-cart: The ox-cart, or carreta, was declared a national symbol of labor in 1988. While they are no longer used to transport coffee, the colorful paint and the original designs made by artisans have made them famous around the world.
• The national anthem : declared a national symbol on June 15, 1949 by Decree no. 551. The music was written in 1852 by the poet Manuel María Gutiérrez and the lyrics were written by José María Zeledón.
• The white-tailed deer : in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 7497, it has been the national symbol of Costa Rican wildlife since June 8, 1995.
• The Marimba : declared the national instrument par excellence by Executive Order No. 25114-C on September 3, 1996. It is considered to be the musical instrument that is associated with the most diverse popular festivals in Costa Rica.
• The Torch of Independence : declared a national symbol on September 14, 2005 by Decree No. 32647-C. Since 1964, the torch tours Central America as a representation of the freedom and independence of Central American peoples.
• The Crestones of Chirripó National Park : Declared a national symbol by Law 8943, published in the Official Journal La Gaceta No. 170 on September 5, 2011. The Costa Rican Tourism Board has been authorized to promote them as a tourist attraction in Chirripó National Park.
• The manatee : was declared a symbol of Costa Rica’s marine fauna and of the hope and interest of Costa Rican children in protecting natural resources contained in the national territory by Law no. 9264 of August 7, 2014, published in the Official Journal La Gaceta no. 183 on September 24, 2014.
• Pre-Columbian Spheres: In 2014, UNESCO chose the Diquís grouping of villages belonging to pre-Columbian chieftainships with stone spheres as a World Heritage Site. The Costa Rican Legislative Assembly declared them to be a national symbol of the country following the approval of Law no. 9265 of August 11, 2014, published in the Official Journal La Gaceta no. 201 on October 20, 2014. Archeologists believe that the stones were placed there by the indigenous peoples of the area between 300 B.C. and 300 A.D., though the sculptures have not yet been able to be scientifically dated.
• The National Theater: On February 5 of this year, the then-President of the Republic, Luis Guillermo Solís, signed the law declaring the National Theater of Costa Rica as a National Symbol of Historical Archeological Heritage and Cultural Liberty. The law was approved in a second reading by 40 deputies.

Main distances:

• 246 km (153 mi) by land from Puntarenas to Limón.
• 534 km (337 mi) by land from Peñas Blancas, at the Nicaraguan border, to Paso Canoas, at the border with Panama.
• Highest point: Cerro Chirripó, at 3,819 meters (12,529 feet) above sea level.
• Highest volcano: Volcán Irazú.
• Largest volcanic crater: Volcán Poás crater, with a diameter of 1,320 m (43,307 ft) and a depth of 300 m (984 ft).

Electric coverage:

97% of the national territory has electric power. Residential voltage is 110V.

Office hours

Public sector: Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. State banks: Monday to Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

Private sector

Monday to Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. The majority of businesses operate on Saturdays and Sundays until midday.

The political system is represented by three powers, which are The Executive Power, the Legislative Power and the Judicial Power. The Elections Supreme Court is considered the fourth power of the Republic. Every four years national elections are carried out. Among other positions of popular representation, the President of the Republic is elected through direct representation by secret ballot.

Capital city: San José.

Country area: 51,100 km2 (19,730 square miles).

Heritage and culture

Costa Rican culture is in many ways a reflection of its racial diversity. The predominant influence has long been European, which is reflected in everything from the official language -- Spanish -- to the architecture of the country's churches and other historic buildings. The indigenous influence is less visible, but can be found in everything from the tortillas that are a staple of the Costa Rican diet, to the handmade ceramics sold at roadside stands.

An important aspect of Costa Rica's cultural legacy is our love for peace and democracy. The Ticos proudly point out the nation is one of the few Latin American countries where a military dictatorship has not dominated politics.

Costa Ricans are proud to have more than a century of democratic tradition and more than 68 years without a military. With the money saved, the country is better able to focus on improving the quality of life of its citizens. This is one of the many reasons why Costa Ricans, also known as “Ticos,” are such a happy and welcoming people.

Famous for their hospitality, Ticos often go out of their way to help to visitors with directions or offer other assistance if needed. It is said that “Ticos” are the nation’s best asset. Once visitors experience their hospitality, visitors too are convinced.

& climate

Infrastructure.

Rugged highlands are found throughout most of the country, ranging from approximately 1,000 to 2,000 meters (3,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level). The Guanacaste Mountain Range, Central Mountain Range, and Talamanca Mountain Range are the main mountain ranges extending the entire length of the country. There are several active volcanoes (Arenal Volcano, Irazu Volcano, Rincon de la Vieja Volcano and Turrialba Volcano) and the country’s highest mountain (Chirripo Hill) with a height of 3,819 m/12,530 ft. The country has a relatively long coastline in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as well as a number of rivers and streams that attract specialist kayakers and rafters from all over the world.

Costa Rica is a tropical destination. Its look and landscape changes throughout the year, and the country is in a constant state of renewal. As such, every time of the year is a great time to visit Costa Rica. Tailor your trip to your interests, and your experience in Costa Rica will be fulfilling beyond imagination.

The Costa Rican landscape is one of great variety, filled with lush vegetation and stunning displays of flora. With jungles, beaches, and a wide array of terrain and climate zones, Costa Rica is a playground for the adventurous. Whether it’s rafting, hiking, wildlife viewing or just relaxing on the beach, everything under the sun is available to you.

No matter the season or region, there is always something exciting to discover, or uncover. For those willing to go o the beaten path in Costa Rica, the rewards are endless.

Costa Rica’s richness also lies in the cultural diversity of our people. Currently, there are ethnic groups and colonies of immigrants including African descendants, Chinese, Hebrew, Lebanese, Italian, etc.; as well as the indigenous populations of the Bribri, Cabecar, Maleku, Teribe, Boruca, Ngöbe, Huetar, and Chorotega.

Communications

Most large hotels in the San Jose area have cable TV with US and European stations. Newspapers and magazines from North America and several European nations are sold in many shops and hotels in and around the capital. Transportation

It’s easy to get around Costa Rica. Public transportation is quite inexpensive. There are bus services to just about every town and city, and high-quality buses serving the main tourist destinations. Taxis are also plentiful and inexpensive.

The standard charge for a taxi ride between the international airport and downtown San Jose is approximately $30 USD. The quickest way to get around the country is by plane and several domestic airlines offer daily flights to most of the popular tourist destinations. There are also plenty of car rental agencies, most of which rent four-wheel-drive vehicles.

The main airport is the Juan Santamaria International Airport, located in Alajuela. This airport is only twenty minutes away from San Jose.

Other important airports:

• The Daniel Oduber Quiros International Airport, located in Liberia, Guanacaste.
• The Tobias Bolaños Airport located in Pavas, San Jose, for local as well as international flights.

There are also landing fields for local flights situated in different parts of the country such as: Limon, Tortuguero, La Fortuna, Tamarindo, Samara, Tambor, Quepos, Palmar North, Golfito, and San Vito.

transportation

And education, water passages.

The most important water passages in the country are:

• The Tortuguero canals and Barra del Colorado, on the northern caribbean
• The Sarapiqui river, on the northern zone
• The Matina river, on the central caribbean
• Part of the San Juan river, on the border with Nicaragua
• The Cold river, the Caño Negro lagoons, and Los Chiles on the northern zone
• The Sierpe river, on the southern zone
• The Tempisque river, on the Gulf of Nicoya

Other rivers of great importance are:

• On the Caribbean: Pacuare, Reventazon, Caribbean Chrripo, Estrella, and Sixaola
• On the Pacific: Bebedero, Grande de Tarcoles, Coto, Chirripo, and Parrita

The main airport is the Juan Santamaria International Airport, located in Alajuela. This airport is only twenty minutes away from San José.

Other important airports are:

• The Tobias Bolaños Airport located in Pavas, San José, for local as well as international flights.

Highways and roads

The whole country is adequately connected by internal infrastructure. The main artery is the Interamerican Highway, which connects the two borders from Peñas Blancas all the way to Paso Canoas.

Medical services

Costa Rica has positioned itself among the countries with the highest public healthcare development in Latin America. The Costa Rican Social Security Service (CCSS) is a public service institution that has accomplished important goals regarding health issues, including pensions and social security.

This institution offers coverage and integrated health services through two types of insurance:

• General coverage insurance, which covers 100 percent of the country.
• Contribution coverage insurance, which covers 86.80% of the population.

Costa Rica has the highest life expectancy rate in Latin America at 77.75 years and one of the lowest infant mortality rates of 10.82 percent. It is also far more advanced in issues regarding prenatal prevention and control.

Costa Rica is praised for its investment in public education that different governments have accomplished throughout the years. There are approximately 6,147 elementary, middle, and high schools and more than 50 universities in the country.

The first higher education institution to be established was the University of Costa Rica, which was the only higher educational center until 1971, when the Technological Institute of Costa Rica was founded.

In 1973, the National University of Heredia (UNA) was founded. The Distance Education University (UNED) was established in 1977, and in 1979, the first private institution known as the Autonomous University of Central America (UACA) was created, which set the example in 1986 for a large number of other private universities to open their doors in Costa Rica.

& economy

& consulates, banks and money.

There is an ample number of state-owned and privately held banks in San Jose, and throughout the country.

The official currency of Costa Rica is the colon; however US Dollars are widely accepted. US Dollars and travelers’ checks can be changed in banks and hotels. Most major credit cards are widely accepted and cash advances can be obtained at banks around the country and a variety of places throughout San Jose. ATMs are plentiful in San Jose, however, not so much in the smaller towns and country side.

Business hours

Government offices are generally open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., while banks close often between 3 and 6 p.m., according to the bank and its branch. Most shops are open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., while some open at 8 a.m. and others close at 7 p.m.; most grocery stores close at 8 p.m. Some shops also close for lunch, between noon and 1 or 2 p.m.

One does not have to drive very far in Costa Rica -- past the coffee, pastures, bananas, and other crops -- to realize that agriculture is the basis of its economy. Coffee has historically been the country's most important crop and Costa Rica continues to produce some of the finest coffee in the world. However in recent years, less traditional crops have been playing an increasingly important economic role. Bananas are the second most important export crop, with vast plantations covering parts of the Caribbean lowlands.

There is also significant land dedicated to the cultivation of pineapples, sugar, oranges, rice, hardwoods, and ornamental plants, as well as raising cattle for beef and dairy products. Cocoa, for chocolate production has become a signature product.

Planning your Trip to Costa Rica

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Ecotourism in Central America: activities and destinations

By: Author Stefania Guglielmi

Posted on Last updated: April 11, 2023

Categories Destinations , Responsible travel

Nature lovers will have the time of their lives in Central America. From hiking rugged canyons in Mexico to going on a Costa Rica canopy tour , there’s something for anyone who loves ecotourism in Central America . Check out four destinations that will leave you longing for more.

Ecotourism and Adventure Travel in Costa Rica

Volcan Arenal – Photo by Arturo Sotillo via Flickr

If you are a nature lover, and wondering what to do in Costa Rica, there’s no need to worry: Costa Rica is one of the best destinations for ecotourism in Central America!

Start your trip with some hiking and great vies at Arenal Volcano National Park, then head to Monteverde to check out the misty forest at Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve. Next stop is Manuel Antonio National Park , where you’ll find rugged rainforest, white sandy beaches and coral reefs. Get some relax (or improve your surfing skills if you haven’t had enough) in one of the many beautiful beaches of the country, and stay in your own treehouse .

Costa Rica is also one of the favourite spots for adrenaline seekers  thanks to plenty of adventure activities : from white water rafting to ziplining, from caving to waterfall rappelling, it’s guaranteed you won’t get bored in a country where the mantra is “Pura Vida” (pure life).

READ ALSO :  12 Luxury Treehouse Cabins To Add To Your Bucket List

Cenotes, Canyons and Wetlands in Mexico

Ikkil Cenote – Photo by Elvis Pepin via Flickr

Mexico is a huge country where mountains, sea and desert converge. It’s an incredible natural mosaic that green travellers will love. The most famous place for ecotourism activities is certainly Riviera Maya on Mexico’s Caribbean coast, easily accessible if you fly to Cancun . The region is famous for its cenotes , caves and underground rivers. You can’t leave the area without visiting Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve , where you’ll be able to swim in the cenotes, explore the jungle and its wildlife, and visit old Mayan ruins…all in one place! Then head to Isla Holbox , an ecotourism hotspot still off the beaten path.

If you like hiking and you’re more of an off the beaten path-person, then head to the Sierra Madre Mountains. Copper Canyon is remote, wild, and one of the biggest canyons of North America. You can ride a train to El Divisadero and feel like you’re starring in one of those old Western movies; from here trek or bike around the canyon, soaking up breathtaking views of the rugged desert.

READ ALSO: 11 Incredible Cenotes near Playa del Carmen You Gotta Visit

The “new Galapagos” of Panama

Isla Coiba – Photo by Scott Ableman via Flickr

The bridge between North and South America, Panama is an extremely ecologically diverse (and stunning) country, and one of the hotspots for ecotourism in Central America. Nature lovers can’t miss a visit to Coiba Island National Park, which comprises 38 islands and was identified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2005. Isla Coiba was a penal colony until a few years ago, so the island’s natural resources have survived untouched; for this reason the park is often referred to as “the new Galapagos” . Tourists who want to visit need a permit issued by the National Authority for the Environment; a few tour operators can help arrange the trip. This is considered one of the best destinations for a wild experience in the world!

Another popular spot for ecotourism is the Barro Colorado wildlife refuge at Lake Gatun, home to an intact tropical forest . Barro Colorado hosts each year hundreds of scientists who come here to study its biodiversity and thousands of species.

YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE : Going Wild in Borneo: Orangutans & Other Stories

Corals and Jaguars in Belize

Caye Caulker – Photo by DronePicr via Flickr

I can’t possibly write a post on ecotourism in Central America without mentioning Belize. With 36% of its territory enjoying protected status, Belize has been one of the first states to encourage tourism while preserving the territory. Belize can boast the planet’s second-longest barrier reef , where it’s possible to snorkel among colorful corals and tropical fish, and then relax on one of the dreamy, remote cayes blessed with white sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters.

When you get tired of the beach life (as if that could ever happen), head to Chan Chich Lodge, a no-hunting private reserve in the heart of La Selva Maya, which boasts the highest sighting rate in Central America for jaguars and other species of wildlife.

And when you are done with these beautiful destinations, head to Cuba for a mind-blowing two-week itinerary or to  Guatemala for volcanoes, lakes, and coffee .

This post was written in collaboration with Travel Excellence.

Stefania Guglielmi is the founder of Every Steph. Originally from Bologna, Italy, she's been traveling full-time since 2016 and has visited over 50 countries across 6 continents. She believes sustainable travel and luxury travel can go hand in hand and has been advocating for responsible tourism since 2014. Stefania's advice and travel experiences have been featured in important publications such as Business Insider, Refinery29, and Yahoo Money.

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Sustainable Travel & Ecotourism in Central America

Central America is one of the planet's prime ecotourism destinations. Many of the isolated nature lodges and tour operators around the country are pioneers and dedicated professionals in the ecotourism and sustainable tourism field. Many other hotels, lodges, and tour operators are simply "green-washing," using the terms "eco" and "sustainable" in their promo materials, but doing little real good in their daily operations. Responsible Travel (www.responsibletravel.com) is a great source of sustainable travel ideas with listings on Central America; the site is run by a spokesperson for ethical tourism in the travel industry. Sustainable Travel International (www.sustainabletravelinternational.org) promotes ethical tourism practices, and manages an extensive directory of sustainable properties and tour operators around the region.

Deforestation is the main threat to Central America's fragile ecosystem. Farming has virtually wiped out most of the region's dry tropical rainforests, while logging is a major threat to the cloud forest. Thirty percent of Central America is forest today, which is half of what existed 50 years ago. Such destruction has been devastating to many species, including man himself, in the form of displaced indigenous tribes, and has led to drinking-water shortages, flash flooding, and mud slides.

Fortunately, some countries, particularly Costa Rica, have taken great strides toward protecting the region's rich biodiversity. Thirty years ago, it was difficult to find a protected area anywhere in Costa Rica, but now more than 11% of that country is protected within the national park system. Another 10% to 15% of the land enjoys moderately effective preservation as part of private and public reserves, Indian reserves, and wildlife refuges and corridors. Still, Costa Rica's precious tropical hardwoods continue to be harvested at an alarming rate, often illegally, while other primary forests are clear-cut for short-term agricultural gain. Many experts predict that Costa Rica's unprotected forests will be gone within the early part of this century.

Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras have commendable environmental records, with 40% of those countries protected. Belize has the best environmental policy of these three countries, with 40% of the country protected. Although Honduras still has significant forest cover (41%), it is losing 3% year after year; Guatemala is losing 1.7% a year, with 10% of its land classified as highly degraded and 60% at risk.

El Salvador has the worst environmental record in Central America, with only 2% of its original forest left, while Nicaragua is losing 150,000 hectares (370,500 acres) of forest per year. Fifty-seven percent of Panama is covered in forest but the country is losing 6,900 hectares (1,704 acres) a year.

Though environmental awareness is growing, solving the region's huge environmental problems, including not just deforestation but the effects of overpopulation and industrial pollution, clearly remains an uphill struggle.

Volunteer travel has become increasingly popular among those who want to venture beyond the standard group-tour experience to learn languages, interact with locals, and make a positive difference while on vacation in Central America.

Animal-Rights Issues

For information on animal-friendly issues throughout the world, visit Tread Lightly (www.treadlightly.org). For information about the ethics of swimming with dolphins, visit the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (www.wdcs.org).

It's Easy Being Green

Here are a few simple ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel:

• Each time you take a flight or drive a car greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through "carbon offsetting" -- paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you've added. Before buying carbon offset credits, just make sure that you're using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and Carbon Neutral (www.carbonneutral.org).
• Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again. Try to fly during the day -- some scientists estimate that nighttime flights are twice as harmful to the environment. And pack light -- each 15 pounds of luggage on a 5,000-mile flight adds up to 50 pounds of carbon dioxide emitted.
• Where you stay during your travels can have a major environmental impact. To determine the green credentials of a property, ask about trash disposal and recycling, water conservation, and energy use; also question if sustainable materials were used in the construction of the property. The website www.greenhotels.com recommends green-rated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company's stringent environmental requirements. Also consult www.environmentallyfriendlyhotels.com for more green accommodations ratings.
• At hotels, request that your sheets and towels not be changed daily. (Many hotels already have programs like this in place.) Turn off the lights and air conditioner (or heater) when you leave your room.
• Use public transport where possible -- trains, buses, and even taxis are more energy-efficient forms of transport than driving. Even better is to walk or cycle; you'll produce zero emissions and stay fit and healthy on your travels.
• If renting a car is necessary, ask the rental agent for a hybrid, or rent the most fuel-efficient car available. You'll use less gas and save money at the tank.
• Eat at locally owned and operated restaurants that use produce grown in the area. This contributes to the local economy and cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions by supporting restaurants where the food is not flown or trucked in across long distances.

Note : This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.

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Tourism Development and Regional Integration in Central America (ARI)

Theme:  What is the relationship between tourism and regional integration in Central America?

Summary:  Since the signing of the Peace Accords, tourism has emerged as a primary development strategy for Central American countries. At the same time, tourism has become a driving force for the regional political-economic integration project, facilitating consensus between governments over the regional developmental model. This ARI outlines the contours of the dual processes of regional integration and tourism development in contemporary Central America. It argues that a convergence of development priorities across the region around export-oriented growth and commitments to poverty reduction has placed tourism as a driver of the regional integration project.

Introduction Central American integration has been a contested and complex process throughout its many different stages. At present, the Central American Integration System (SICA) comprises the seven Central American countries (Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) plus the Caribbean Dominican Republic. Through a number of regional agreements, these governments are committed to a series of integration processes. At the same time as the revived regional integration project which has been underway since the early 1990s, changes in the political economy of the region have restructured the productive economies of Central American countries away from traditional agriculture to predominantly service-based economies in less than 20 years. One of the most significant features of the new service economy has been the phenomenal rise of tourism. Through its contribution to foreign exchange earnings and the generation of direct and indirect employment, tourism has emerged as a primary development strategy for the region and the countries within it.

This ARI argues that there is a convergence between the current model of Central American integration and the specific characteristics of tourism development. As such, tourism has become one of the driving forces of the contemporary integration process, even while other issues such as internal migration have remained more contentious. I begin with an overview of Central American integration in its historical context, then trace how tourism has emerged as a primary development strategy for the region. The paper then explores the contemporary relationship between tourism development and regional integration.

Central American Integration in Historical Perspective The model of Central American integration has always been explicitly tied to the region’s political economy. As across much of Latin America, in the 1970s the region developed an import substitution industrialisation (ISI) model based on intra-regional integration and state-led development, a fundamental component of which was the establishment of the Central American Common Market. The extensive trade liberalisation of the 1980s set the stage for the deeper ‘Washington Consensus’ reforms of the next decade and further oriented Central American economies towards the market-led export economy and away from the preceding state-led inward-oriented model of development. The 1990s saw a revitalisation of the integration project started by the CACM. The Tegucigalpa Protocol of 1991 –which established the major institutions of Central American integration– stated that the best model for Central American development would be one based on the concept of ‘dual growth’: inward growth through regional economic union and outward growth through the export-led, free-trade model.

The further embedding of ‘trade-led growth’ is being facilitated by increasing outward-oriented integration, exemplified by trade agreements such as the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) and the EU-Central America Association agreement currently being negotiated. While these are not integration agreements in their own right, nevertheless they continue to shape Central American political economy and define the contours of regional integration. The renewed regional integration project sets the context for the growth of the importance of tourism to Central American development due to the industry’s potential for enhancing competitiveness and advancing the new trade agenda.

The Emergence of Tourism as a Regional Development Strategy Tourism has been a significant development strategy for many of Central America’s island neighbours in the Caribbean. The ‘mass tourism’ model pursued by Caribbean countries has been extensively criticised for its developmental outcomes, as the economic benefits of the industry have tended to accrue to large international hotel chains and travel companies at the expense of the local economies. The rejection of the Caribbean model can also be accounted for in part due to the changing tastes of consumers, with a growing dismissal of the mass tourism model for a more ‘authentic’ or ‘adventurous’ style of tourism. As such, the strategy adopted by Central American tourism institutions has been to create a niche for the Central America ‘product’ within the global tourist market based on Mayan archaeology, biodiversity and beaches.

The tourism industry has been established and promoted predominantly through private-sector investment by transnational corporations, expatriates and local people. Large-scale foreign investment projects have been a significant feature of tourism in Central America. The first example of this kind of tourism was through the Papagayo Project in Costa Rica, where the Fiscal Incentives Law of 1986 was created to lure investment from large hotel chains such as the Four Seasons and others along the Pacific coast during the 1980s and 1990s. In Belize, the ‘boutique’ nature of foreign investment is being considerably undermined by the growth of cruise-ship tourism, predominantly controlled by Carnival Cruises. Between 1996 and 2004, Belize saw a 4,000% increase in visitor numbers, from 14,000 to 850,000. The growth of this industry has generated significant political opposition from the country’s small-scale tourism sector. In interviews, representatives of the Belize Tourism Industry Association expressed concern that the growth of cruise-ship tourism may lead to the destruction of the local tourism industry.

In Honduras, attracting large-scale foreign investment is a key feature of the National Tourism Development Plan. The most significant of such projects is the ‘Tela Bay’ project, jointly funded by the private sector (principally the US company Resorts of the World) and the Inter-American Development Bank. The project’s aim project is to create a series of four- and five-star resorts, the first of which will be ‘Los Micos Golf and Beach Resort’. Despite resistance by local communities, the project is being pursued and justified with the argument that it will bring economic development and job creation to a deprived area. In an interview, the project director argued that Los Micos will have a multiplier effect of 2.5 direct jobs, with a further 40,000 indirect jobs being created.

Large-scale investment by multinational tourism corporations is undoubtedly a key feature of tourism development strategies in Central America. Spanish companies in particular have invested widely across the region, with a large presence for Barceló and Sol Meliá hotels. However, the tourism sector of each country is still predominantly comprised of small- and medium-sized enterprises, usually owned by local people and expatriate residents. According to the Director of the Central American Tourism Integration system, small-scale enterprises make up a total of 70% of all tourism in Central America. However, despite the prevalence of small-scale enterprises in the regional tourism industry, when interviewed, representatives of the small- and medium-sized enterprise sector were critical of the vision of foreign investment-led development endorsed by the regional tourism integration project. As such, there is a clear tension over which model of tourism development should be encouraged and much debate over whether the pursuit of foreign direct investment is compatible with the more small-scale, locally-owned tourism that is part of Central America’s ‘niche’ appeal.

Along with a dynamic and influential private sector, tourism development is being extensively promoted and funded by bilateral and multilateral donors. Tourism is endorsed by donors as a key tool for achieving commitments to poverty reduction. Two aspects of contemporary development policy in particular are presented as compatible with tourism: (1) the integration of previously marginalised populations into productive activity (Millennium Development Goal 1); and (2) the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment (Millennium Development Goal 3). This understanding of the relationship between tourism and poverty reduction was echoed by tourism policy-makers interviewed across Central America. In practice, this has led to a wealth of funding for tourism development projects, many of which have an explicit focus on integrating indigenous people and/or women into the benefits of tourism.

One such example is the World Bank’s ‘Regional Development in the Copán Valley’ Project (RDCP) which disbursed US$2.96 million in seed capital for tourism-based microenterprises with the aim of targeting indigenous people and indigenous women in particular. Another example is an IADB project in Costa Rica entitled ‘Rural Community Tourism in Costa Rica and Replication in Central America’. The project is a pilot study which will start initially in three communities in Costa Rica, but aims to develop a model for tourism-based poverty reduction across the whole of Central America. As with earlier projects in Honduras and Belize, the project’s objectives include strengthening entrepreneurialism and integrating the rural poor into the productive sector through tourism-related economic activity. Poverty-reduction projects funded by the World Bank and IADB are thus becoming a significant dimension of tourism development in Central America.

Tourism Development and Regional Integration Tourism has emerged as a primary Central American development strategy due to the influence of the local and international tourism private sector and the promotion of tourism by bilateral and multilateral donors. However, the  embedding  and  institutionalisation  of tourism development have taken place through a concurrent process of regional tourism integration. I now set out the ways in which tourism has become a foundational aspect of the contemporary regional integration project. The 1996 ‘Declaration of Montelimar’ signed by representatives of the seven tourism integration countries (incorporating Belize and Panama) recognises tourism as a force for enhancing Central American global competitiveness, and increasing the diversification of economies. The over-arching institution for political and economic integration in Central America is the Central American Integration System (SICA), of which there are ten Specialist Technical Secretariats.

Of the various dimensions of regional integration, tourism integration has arguably made the most rapid progress, with a plethora of institutions and organisations springing up to facilitate policy-making in this key development area. The Central American Tourism Integration Secretariat (SITCA) is the key institution responsible for tourism policy-making. SITCA, responsible for the overall regional management of tourism policy, works closely with the Central American Integration Body and the Central American Development and Competitiveness Body, thus coordinating tourism policy with other aspects of the regional integration project. More specific to tourism is the Central American Tourism Council (CCT), comprising an Executive Committee made up of the seven Tourism Ministers, whose aim is to:

‘Facilitate and promote the development of tourism in the whole Central American region in order to integrate the industry as a strategic sector in each country with the aim of contributing to sustainable tourism development in the region. In addition, it aims to facilitate and stimulate the development of tourism across Central America, eliminating any obstacle and impediments to the free movement of people in the region and integrating tourism promotion –as a role of the state– into all activities of the different branches of government’.[1]

Private sector interests have been entrenched within the Central American tourism integration project from the start. Indeed, it could be argued that the project originated primarily as a response to the pressure of tourism industry actors wanting to invest or expand in the area. A key element of SITCA’s policy strategy is the incorporation of the private sector into public sector decision-making, agreed by all governments in the 2002 ‘Declaration of San José’. As such, the formation of tourism development policy is heavily influenced by the objectives of the tourism industry –both regional and international– and the interests of such actors are strongly represented in the policy process. A particularly influential institution over policy-making is the Federation of Central American Tourism Chambers (FEDECATUR), representing the key tourism enterprises of each country and promoting policies such as investment incentives and tax breaks. Also representing the private sector, the Central American Federation of Tour Operators (FACOT) liaises with governmental institutions on policy matters. In addition to the inclusion of the local private sector in policy-making, the interest of large-scale tourism enterprises are further entrenched within the tourism development project. The Tourism Action Plan commits governments to carrying out an analysis of the levels of competitiveness of each country’s investment laws and a reorientation of these laws towards promoting greater tourism capital flow into the region. As argued above, such strategies may in fact conflict with the interests of smaller producers represented by FECECATUR and FACOT, who continue to pressure the tourism institutions to focus on small-scale, community-based tourism.

In addition to regional institutions, a number of donors (both bilateral and multilateral) are funding different aspects of regional tourism integration. The most prominent donor here is the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). AECID funds one of the key institutions of tourism integration, the Central American Tourism Promotion Agency (CATA), based in Madrid and allowing direct access to the European tourist market and potential European investors. According to CATA’s Director of Marking, the aim of the institution is to court investment from EU companies and attract European tour operators in order to contribute to the development of the tourism industry in Central America. AECID also funds tourism activities within its Regional Cooperation with Central America Programme (PCRC). This aims to strengthen tourism as a productive activity as a fundamental component of regional integration. A second phase of AECID funding –the  Fondo España-SICA 2010-2013 – has most recently funded the establishment of a tourism route based around volcanoes and colonial cities, which will act as a ‘multi-destination tourism itinerary’.

A further example of bilateral funding is the Regional Collaboration to Develop a Sustainable Tourism Sector (FODESTUR). Funded by the German overseas development agency, the FODESTUR project has generated initiatives such as the ‘Sustainable Tourism Certificate’ (CST) and the ‘Central American Green Initiative’ (ICV) that form a key part of the sustainability dimension of the regional project. These projects, under the guidance of FODESTUR, are expressed primarily in market terms. The ICV, for example, offers affiliation to private-sector organisations oriented towards market segments interested in contact with nature. This ties in with the regional policy commitment to ‘reinforcing programmes oriented towards elevating the competitiveness, quality and excellence of the region’s tourist services’, as agreed in the San José Declaration. Other such regional tourism integration initiatives include the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation’s funding of the Government-Private Sector Network, which links Central America into the Global Clearinghouse, established by the Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development to facilitate private sector investment in developing countries.

Conclusion:  As argued in this ARI, the particular political economic juncture in contemporary Central America has created the conditions in which tourism development and regional integration can be seen as mutually reinforcing processes. The interplay between the structural changes taking place through private sector activity and the increasing institutionalisation of tourism development at all levels of policy-making help to explain the prominence of tourism in the new political economy of Central America. Tourism development policy in Central America is highly consistent across tourism institutions at the national, regional and international level. Key features of this consensus include the role of the private sector in the consultation and implementation of policy, the role of tourism as a vehicle for poverty reduction through generating employment and offering microenterprise opportunities, and the commitment to enhancing competitiveness through the continued liberalisation of the tourism sector.

The high level of coordination between regional and national institutions in the tourism policy-making process helps to embed the particular model of tourism development outlined above. Moreover, these institutional changes driven by tourism development further embed a particular vision of regional integration, and contribute to developing consensus (at least at the policy level) over the current development model across the region. The coherence of the goals of tourism development institutions operating at different levels means that this consensus is able to be maintained despite conflict between different tiers of the tourism industry and ongoing resistance to large-scale tourism projects such as luxury resorts and cruise-ship tourism. The convergence between the particular characteristics of tourism development and the current trajectory of regional integration means that for the time being tourism is likely to continue to be a driver of Central American integration. It is important to note the role of the Spanish government and Spanish companies in supporting tourism integration –both at the level of the private sector and political institutions–. The high levels of private investment and developing funding detailed here suggest a growing commitment to tourism as a pillar of Spanish development cooperation.

Lucy Ferguson Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Politics, University of Sheffield

[1] http://www.sica.int/cct .

Central America: Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature

Central America has an overall humid, tropical climate with distinct dry and rainy seasons throughout the region. However, the weather can vary from country to country, and some countries have multiple climate zones. Typically, in mountainous areas, temperatures dip lower than those in areas with lower elevation, but usually no colder than around 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius). And temperatures in the hottest areas of the region typically top out just below 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius). The exception to this overview is Guatemala, which can see temperatures range from freezing to the 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius), depending on where you are and when you are visiting. 

Hurricane Season in Central America

Typical hurricane season for Central America can stretch from June to November, but it's usually concentrated in August through October, so if you're planning a trip during this time, make sure to take precautions and know what to do in the case of an emergency.

Central America also has a distinct wet season (also known as "green season" because of the lusher landscape during this season), but the months can vary slightly around the region, so check the country-specific information below. While your planned travel and activities can be more interrupted during this time, it's still worth visiting if you know how to prepare and pack. If you want more consistent weather, head to the southern parts of the region closest to the equator.

Different Countries in Central America

Costa Rica is a tropical country year round being that it is just north of the equator. The average temperature on the coasts is 81 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius). 

A variable that affects weather is elevation. The country has the Cordillera Central mountains, where temperatures can drop the higher you go. The mountain tops can fall to an average of 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius). Costa Rica has two coasts, with the Caribbean Sea on one side and the Pacific Ocean on the other. Humidity is usually higher on the Caribbean side where there is generally more rain. 

There are two seasons in Costa Rica—the dry and the rainy season. The dry season spans December to April, and the rainy season from May to November, coinciding with hurricane season. It's typically strongest in September and October, and some businesses will even close down during that time. 

The variables that affect the temperature in Belize are elevation, proximity to the coast, and the Caribbean trade winds. 

The average temperature along the coast is 75 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius) in January and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (26 degrees Celsius) in July. Except for the Mountain Pine Ridge, which is noticeably cooler, the inland region of Belize is slightly hotter than the coast. The country has 240 miles of coastline along the Caribbean Sea and has been devastated by many hurricanes over the years, primarily from August through October, which is also its rainy season.

Panama  is the closest Central American country to the equator and is the most humid.

The country has two long coastlines, the Caribbean (or Atlantic Ocean) side and the Pacific Ocean coast, totaling 1,786 miles. Temperatures on the Pacific side of the isthmus are somewhat lower than on the Caribbean , and breezes tend to rise after dusk in most parts of the country. Temperatures are markedly cooler in the higher parts of the mountain ranges, and frosts occur in the Cordillera de Talamanca mountains in western Panama. The average temperature range on a typical summer day in Panama City is 75 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (24 to 30 degrees Celsius). Temperatures rarely exceed 89 F (32 C).

Guatemala ’s coastal regions are typically the warmest parts of the country. The coastal average annual temperature is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius), but during the warmest months of March and April, the temperature can hit up to 100 degrees F (38 C).

In the valleys between mountains, where the country's biggest cities such as Guatemala City and Antigua are, the temperatures are an average of 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (16 to 21 degrees Celsius) year round. At the summits of the mountains and volcanoes , the temperature can drop to below freezing. Temperatures are generally cooler from November to February. 

The dry season from November until May is the time of year to go if you plan to be outdoors most of the time.

Nicaraguan weather varies by region. Although most of the country's climate is described as tropical, mountainous areas like the north-central highlands of the Amerrisque Mountains have a much different climate than the coastal areas. Nicaragua has three distinct geographical regions: the Pacific lowlands, the mountains, and the Atlantic or Caribbean lowlands, also called the Mosquito Coast.

Rainfall varies significantly in Nicaragua. The Caribbean lowlands are the wettest section of Central America and receive up to 250 inches of rain annually. The western slopes of the central highlands and the Pacific lowlands receive considerably less annual rainfall. May through October is the rainy season, and December through April is the dry period.

During the rainy season, Eastern Nicaragua is subject to massive flooding along the upper and middle reaches of all major rivers.

Honduran weather is considered tropical on both its Pacific and Caribbean lowland coasts with temperatures usually hovering between 82 and 89 degrees Fahrenheit (28 to 32 degrees Celsius) year round. The central and southern regions are relatively hotter and less humid than the northern coast. 

The climate tends to be more temperate inland in the mountainous areas. For example, the capital city, Tegucigalpa, is in the interior area and averages from 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius) in January to 86 F (30 C) in April.

In the Caribbean lowlands, the only relief from the year-round heat and humidity comes during December or January when an occasional strong cold front from the north brings several days of strong northwest winds and slightly cooler temperatures.

El Salvador

Temperatures in El Salvador vary primarily with elevation and show little seasonal change. The Pacific lowlands are uniformly hot; the central plateau and mountain areas are more moderate.

The dry season runs from November to April. The coldest part of El Salvador is the Cerro El Pital mountains in the northeastern part of the country. Snow is known to fall during summer as well as during winter due to the elevation of up to 9,000 feet. The temperature ranges between 21 and 50 degrees ​Fahrenheit (minus 6 and 10 degrees Celsius) from November to February, and from 41 to 68 F (5 to 20 C) the rest of the year. ​​​

Rainy Season in Central America

Central America's wet season is typically from June through November; however, depending on the country (and even different parts of the country, as is the case in Nicaragua), rainfall can vary greatly. 

What to Pack: It's best to be prepared for rain anywhere and anytime when traveling to Central America during the wet season. Pack an umbrella, several foldable ponchos (to protect your backpack or other belongings if you end up walking in the rain), a waterproof flashlight, plastic bags for any of your electronics, and mosquito repellent as well as a net . You can also bring a book or game in case you spend a rainy day inside. And if you're traveling during hurricane seasons, be prepared for that as well by looking into travel insurance , having extra cash on you in the case of emergency, downloading weather apps to stay updated on alerts, etc.

Dry Season in Central America 

Central America experiences dry season from about November to April or May, as well as the hottest temperatures. This is the best time to hit the beaches , go hiking or biking, or any other outdoor activities you want to do. 

What to Pack:  Bring a swimsuit to go to the beach, and bring lots of sun protection, including a higher SPF sunblock (applying frequently) and clothing that also can protect from UV rays. If you plan on hiking, bring a breathable long-sleeved top and pants to protect from bugs, and you can also use these if it cools down at night, depending on where you're headed.

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Tourism has been a very dynamic activity worldwide over the last fifteen years (until the 2008-2009 economic crisis);. Some developing countries have been very active in promoting this activity and have been successful. Among these countries are several from the Central American region, where tourism accounted for more than 8% of Costa Rican and Panamanian GDP in 2006. Tourism is a very broad activity, which includes leisure, business and family visits, but statistics for this region do not allow a distinction between these categories. Some countries are more specialized in leisure tourism (Belize and Costa Rica); while others have a more diversified visitor composition (El Salvador and Panama);.  Nevertheless, all countries have plans to considerably expand its leisure tourism, which depends to a great extent on their natural attractions, mostly on the coasts or near its coasts. The study mostly concentrates on this kind of tourism. The Central American countries' rich biodiversity, forests, coral reefs, attractive beaches, among others, are under serious threat because of climate change effects, some of which are already being experienced. The vulnerability to these events is a result not only of the region's geographical location but also of the degree to which the countries' natural resources have been degraded, especially the accelerated deforestation in most of them. Hurricanes are becoming more frequent and intense, and so are flooding, droughts, while rising sea levels and higher temperatures are to become more evident in the near future, according to scientific projections. Tourist sites are particularly sensitive to these changes, but little is being done to adapt these activities accordingly. Leisure tourism traveling to the region in mid year will be the one mostly affected by climate change (temperatures could increase by 4°C in some tourist locations in July 2050 and greater extreme weather events could also occur around that time of the year, according to not particularly pessimistic scenarios).

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Browse Subjects

• 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
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Middle East Crisis U.S. Won’t Suspend Aid, for Now, to Israeli Unit Accused of Abuses

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• Israeli police detaining protesters during a demonstration by Israeli and American rabbis near the Erez crossing into Gaza. Reuters
• Palestinian children waiting for a water supply tank in Rafah, southern Gaza. Mohammed Abed/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
• Damage in the area of Nabatieh, southern Lebanon. Ramiz Dallah/Anadolu, via Getty Images
• Walking past posters in Tel Aviv of hostages held in the Gaza Strip. Shannon Stapleton/Reuters
• Hanging around the apparent remains of a ballistic missile near the southern Israeli city of Arad. Amir Cohen/Reuters
• Palestinians on a hot day at a beach west of Deir al Balah in southern Gaza. Mohammed Saber/EPA, via Shutterstock

Follow live news updates on the crisis in the Middle East .

Blinken says the U.S. could take action if Israel fails to hold its troops accountable.

The Biden administration, which has been under pressure for its support of Israel’s war in Gaza, will not withhold military aid from a troubled military unit accused of human rights violations in the West Bank, so long as Israel continues with steps to hold the members of the unit accountable.

In an undated letter, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken told the House speaker, Mike Johnson, that the United States was working with Israel to address charges against the unit, the Netzah Yehuda battalion. Though the letter did not mention the battalion’s name, a U.S. official confirmed that Mr. Blinken was referring to Netzah Yehuda, which has been investigated for crimes in the West Bank predating the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attack that set off the war in Gaza.

The official, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss delicate diplomacy, said that the Biden administration could still take action against Netzah Yehuda if it concludes that Israel has not taken sufficient steps to hold its members to account.

The letter, obtained by The New York Times, said the State Department had determined that Netzah Yehuda had committed “gross human rights violations” against Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

U.S. officials had reached similar findings about two other Israeli military units and two civilian units, the letter said, but in those cases the Biden administration had decided not to withhold military aid because Israel was already acting to “bring to justice” culpable service members.

Mr. Blinken assured Mr. Johnson in the letter, reported earlier by ABC News , that the United States “will not delay the delivery of any U.S. assistance, and Israel will be able to receive the full amount appropriated by Congress.”

Under federal statutes commonly known as the Leahy law , the U.S. government must deny aid to foreign military units found to have committed gross violations of human rights without accountability. The law allows for the targeting of individual units without cutting off entire foreign militaries.

It was not clear what practical effect any such move might have, given that funding of specific Israeli units is hard to track, and it is unclear whether the units mentioned in the letter receive American training or equipment.

Still, the news last week that U.S. officials were considering withholding aid from Israeli military units for abuses prompted a furious response from Israel and from Mr. Johnson, a strong supporter of the current Israeli government. Mr. Johnson said this week that he had called the White House in protest and had received an assurance in writing that none of the billions in additional U.S. aid to Israel approved by Congress this week would be affected.

The Biden administration has faced growing calls to restrict American aid to Israel over its military offensive in Gaza in response to the Hamas-led attacks in October. President Biden so far has declined to place conditions on U.S. aid over Israel’s devastating tactics in the Gaza war, though he has taken several steps in response to violence by Israelis in the West Bank, including placing sanctions against several Israeli settlers for what the U.S. has called “extremist” acts of violence against Palestinians.

In his letter to the Republican House speaker, Mr. Blinken said that two Israeli battalions and “civilian authority units,” none of which he named, had committed human rights abuses but that he had “determined that the Israeli government has conducted effective remediation of the units involved.” He defined remediation as a process in which a foreign government takes “effective steps to bring to justice the responsible members of the unit.”

In the case of Netzah Yehuda, which he did not cite by name, he said that “there has not been effective remediation to date” but that the Israeli government “has presented new information regarding the status of the unit, and we will engage on identifying a path to effective remediation for this unit.”

Mr. Blinken is planning to travel to Israel next week for meetings with Israeli leaders to discuss efforts to free hostages from Gaza and an impending Israeli military operation in the southern Gaza city of Rafah, an Israeli official said on Friday. It was not immediately clear whether he would discuss Netzah Yehuda. Mr. Blinken has discussed the matter by phone with senior Israeli officials in recent days.

Under the terms of a 10-year security agreement that the United States and Israel reached in 2016, the United States must consult with Israeli officials before placing restrictions on security assistance. That consultation is ongoing, according to the U.S. official.

Netzah Yehuda, which was created to accommodate the religious practices of Israel’s ultra-Orthodox community, has been repeatedly accused of mistreating Palestinians.

In January 2022, according to witnesses, its soldiers bound and gagged a 78-year-old Palestinian American who died of a heart attack while in military custody. An investigation concluded that the two soldiers who bound the man thought he was sleeping. The soldiers faced disciplinary action but no criminal charges were brought.

The unit was transferred in 2022 from the West Bank to the Golan Heights in northern Israel, according to Mr. Blinken’s letter.

Mr. Blinken added that no other Israeli units had been found culpable of rights violations under the Leahy Law and that the administration’s deliberations “will have no impact on our support for Israel’s ability to defend itself against Hamas, Iran, Hezbollah or other threats.”

— Michael Crowley reporting from Washington

Blinken will make another wartime trip to Israel.

Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken will visit Israel next week, an Israeli official said on Friday, as talks on a cease-fire deal that would allow for the release of hostages held in Gaza appear stalled and tensions have risen between Israel and the United States over the war.

The Israeli official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of lack of authorization to speak publicly on the matter, said talks with Mr. Blinken would center on hostages and an impending Israeli military operation in the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

Mr. Blinken last visited Israel in March, when he warned that its plans to invade Rafah , where more than a million displaced people are sheltering, would pose severe risks to civilians. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to press ahead with those plans, saying that such an operation is necessary to eliminate Hamas battalions in the city.

Still, the Biden administration has stuck by Israel as mediators have failed to broker even a temporary cease-fire in Gaza that would give Palestinians some respite and allow for the release of hostages abducted in the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel .

The United States has proposed a deal through Egyptian and Qatari intermediaries in which Hamas would release 40 of the most vulnerable hostages in exchange for a six-week truce and the release of hundreds of Palestinians held in Israeli prisons. A senior Biden administration official who briefed reporters on Thursday on condition of anonymity under official ground rules put the blame solely on Hamas for blocking the deal.

The official said that while Israel had signaled it would accept those terms, the response from Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader hiding underground in Gaza, had been “totally nonconstructive.” Hamas has since signaled that it is not completely rejecting the deal and is willing to sit down again, the official said, adding that the United States and its partners would test that in coming days.

President Biden and the leaders of 17 other nations called on Hamas on Thursday to release all the hostages in a joint statement that appeared intended to send the message that the world is not entirely against Israel and that Hamas is the main impediment to ending the war.

Peter Baker contributed reporting from Washington.

— Patrick Kingsley reporting from Jerusalem

Israel fires into Lebanon after a deadly Hezbollah missile strike.

An Israeli man was killed in an anti-tank missile attack from Lebanon, the Israeli military said on Friday, the latest in a growing string of civilian casualties on both sides of Israel’s northern border as tit-for-tat strikes intensify with the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah .

The Israeli military said in a statement that the man had been carrying out “infrastructure work” when two anti-tank missiles were fired late Thursday into the area of Har Dov in northern Israel, a disputed sliver of land where Israel, Lebanon and Syria meet. Also known as the Shebaa Farms, the area is claimed by Lebanon but occupied by Israel, and has long been a crucible for violence.

Hezbollah, Iran’s most powerful regional proxy , described the overnight attack as an “ambush,” claiming that two vehicles had been destroyed in a combined missile, artillery and rocket assault on an Israeli military base in the area. The Israeli military statement did not say whether a base had been hit.

Kan, Israel’s public broadcaster, identified the man killed as Sharif Suwayed, 35, and said that his truck had been hit while he was working to improve defenses at a military base, modifications that were being carried out at night to protect against Hezbollah attacks. The Israeli military was investigating, the broadcaster reported.

Israeli forces responded by striking Hezbollah targets across southern Lebanon, among them a weapon storage facility and military compound, according to a military statement. Lebanese state media reported on Friday that multiple towns had been targeted by heavy Israeli bombardment, damaging dozens of houses. There were no immediate reports of casualties.

The fighting between Hezbollah and Israel, the heaviest between the sides in nearly two decades, has shown no sign of subsiding. Israeli strikes inside Lebanon have begun to creep deeper into the country’s interior, though the hostilities for now have been confined largely to areas along the Israeli-Lebanese border.

In Israel, 19 soldiers and civilians have been killed in the recent violence, which began after Hezbollah launched rockets into northern Israel in support of the deadly Hamas-led attack on Oct. 7.

More than 70 civilians have been killed in Lebanon, along with roughly 270 Hezbollah fighters, the group has said, a figure that exceeds its losses in the 2006 war with Israel .

Yoav Gallant, Israel’s defense minister, said this week that its strikes had eliminated half of Hezbollah’s commanders in southern Lebanon, although experts expressed skepticism about that claim . They also have cast doubt on whether targeted killings of commanders could achieve Israel’s goal of pushing Hezbollah farther from the border, reducing the threat of attacks and allowing the tens of thousands of Israeli civilians displaced by the fighting to return to their homes.

Patrick Kingsley contributed reporting from Jerusalem.

— Euan Ward Reporting from Beirut, Lebanon

A baby born in Gaza after her mother was killed in an Israeli strike dies less than a week later.

A baby who was delivered through an emergency cesarean section after her mother was killed in an Israeli strike died on Thursday, a relative said, less than a week after news of her birth brought a glimmer of hope to war-torn Gaza.

The baby, who was born prematurely after a strike in southern Gaza that also killed her father and sister, suffered respiratory problems, and doctors were unable to save her, said her uncle, Rami al-Sheikh.

“I buried her in her father’s grave,” he said in a phone interview on Friday.

The mother, Sabreen al-Sakani, was killed along with her husband, Shukri, and their 3-year-old daughter, Malak, when an Israeli strike hit their home in the city of Rafah shortly before midnight last Saturday. Rescue crews took the bodies to the Emirati Hospital in Rafah, where doctors performed a cesarean section on Ms. al-Sakani, who was 30 weeks pregnant.

The girls’ uncle said that Malak had wanted to name her little sister Rouh, the Arabic word for soul. The extended family decided instead to name her after her mother, Sabreen.

Sabreen weighed just three pounds at birth, said Dr. Mohammed Salama, head of the neonatal intensive care unit at Emirati Hospital. Her birth was captured on video by a journalist from the Reuters news agency, who filmed doctors providing artificial respiration to her after she emerged, pale and limp, from her mother.

Instead of a name, doctors initially wrote, “The baby of the martyr Sabreen al-Sakani” on a piece of tape across her chest.

“The baby was delivered into a tragic situation,” Dr. Salama told Reuters, adding, “Even if this baby survives, she was born an orphan.”

— Hiba Yazbek Reporting from Jerusalem

Drone attack kills 4 workers in an Iraqi gas field, but no one claims responsibility.

A drone attack on a large gas field in Iraq’s Kurdistan region killed four workers and plunged much of eastern Kurdistan into darkness because it relies on gas to fuel its electrical plants, according to a Kurdistan regional government spokesman.

There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack. While Iranian-backed armed groups have bases in the area, there are many competing interests in Kurdistan, leaving it unclear whether the attacks are part of the larger regional fight between Iran and Israel, which has intensified during the war in Gaza.

The Kurdistan region’s president, Nechirvan Barzani, condemned the attack and called on the government in Baghdad to investigate. “These attacks endanger the peace and stability of the country,” Mr. Barzani said, adding, “The representatives of the Iraqi federal government must do their duty to prevent these attacks and find the perpetrators from any side and punish them according to the law.”

Iraq’s joint command in Baghdad issued a statement calling the attack “sabotage,” confirming that a drone was used. The statement said Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al Sudani had ordered an investigation.

Friday’s drone attack was the second so far this year on the Khor Mor field in Sulaymaniyah Province. The last one, in January, did not inflict casualties.

“Four Yemeni workers have been killed, and the field has been severely damaged, which will cause electricity shortages,” said Peshawa Hawramani, a spokesman for the Kurdistan regional government.

Almost a million people in Sulaymaniyah Province were left without power, along with thousands more in adjacent provinces. It took about 24 hours to restore electricity after the last attack, but because the damage was greater this time, Kurdish authorities said it could take longer. While hospitals and security services have large generators, many ordinary residents have access only to limited power from shared generators.

Claims of responsibility were never made for previous attacks on the gas field, which is operated by Dana Gas, based in the United Arab Emirates, and a related company, Crescent Petroleum.

While the drone attack could stem from the regional conflict between Iran and Israel, there are other tensions in the region — between internal Iraqi factions and between Baghdad and Kurdistan. There has been a multiyear effort by the Iraqi federal government in Baghdad and the courts to reduce the Kurdistan region’s control over its natural resources.

At the same time, there is tension between Iran and Iraq over any efforts by Iraq to expand domestic gas production. Iran sells about $4 billion of gas to Iraq each year because Iraq does not have enough gas to fuel its electricity plants. Kurdistan and the Iraqi government had been discussing expansion of the Khor Mor field.

Kamil Kakol contributed reporting from Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq .

— Alissa J. Rubin Reporting from Baghdad

Rabbis are arrested near the Gaza-Israel border at a rally to highlight starvation.

Police arrest group of rabbis and activists near gaza, the israeli police arrested rabbis and peace activists near the border with gaza..

[singing] You can arrest us, but we’re going to walk slowly, our way towards the crossing.

Seven rabbis and peace activists were arrested on Friday near the border with Gaza after they tried to take food supplies into the territory, according to two participants and the campaign group that organized the effort.

The detainees were among a group of roughly 30 rabbis and activists from Israel and the United States who were stopped by police officers as they tried to reach the Erez crossing, a major transit point between Israel and northern Gaza.

Organized by Rabbis for Ceasefire, a peace movement based in the United States, the effort was intended to build support for a truce and to highlight rising reports of starvation in Gaza . A global authority on food security, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification initiative, has predicted an imminent famine in northern Gaza, the area of the territory closest to Erez.

The protest was timed to coincide with the week of Passover , a Jewish festival that celebrates the biblical story of the liberation of Jews from slavery in ancient Egypt.

“We were making the point that Jewish liberation is bound up with Palestinian liberation, that we want freedom for all,” said Toba Spitzer, a rabbi from Boston who attended the protest but was not arrested.

The group had tried to drive into Gaza with a pickup truck carrying half a ton of rice and flour but was stopped roughly a third of a mile from the border, Rabbi Spitzer said. The effort was largely symbolic and the organizers expected it to fail given the restrictions along the border; the supplies will now be donated to needy Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Rabbi Spitzer said.

The Israeli police did not respond to requests for comment.

The author Ayelet Waldman of Berkeley, Calif., was among those arrested, her husband, the author Michael Chabon, said on Instagram .

There are widespread food shortages in Gaza. Israeli restrictions on where convoys can enter the strip, Israeli bombardment and widespread damage to roads, the collapse of Gazan agriculture, and a breakdown in law and order have all made it harder to distribute aid safely.

Aid groups and United Nations officials have accused Israel of systematically limiting aid delivery. Israel denies the assertion, blaming the shortages on logistical failures by aid groups, and has recently increased the number of trucks entering the strip.

Israeli officials say that the Erez crossing, which was primarily used for pedestrian traffic before the war, is difficult to use for aid delivery because it lacks the right infrastructure and was also badly damaged during the Hamas-led raid on Israel in October.

A majority of Jewish Israelis oppose the delivery of more aid to Gaza, according to a poll conducted in February by the Israel Democracy Institute, a Jerusalem-based research group.

Israeli protesters regularly gather at another crossing point farther south, trying to block aid convoys entering Gaza .

— Patrick Kingsley and Rawan Sheikh Ahmad Reporting from Jerusalem and from Haifa, Israel

The U.S. Army has begun work on a floating pier to move aid from ships into Gaza, the Pentagon says.

Army engineers on Thursday began construction of a floating pier and causeway for humanitarian aid off the coast of Gaza, which, when completed, could help relief workers deliver as many as two million meals a day for the enclave’s residents, Defense Department officials said.

The construction on the “initial stages of the temporary pier and causeway at sea” means that the project’s timing is in line with what Pentagon officials had predicted, Maj. Gen. Patrick S. Ryder, the Defense Department’s press secretary, said. The construction is meant to allow humanitarian aid to bypass Israeli restrictions on land convoys into the besieged strip.

General Ryder said that defense officials expected the project, ordered up by President Biden early last month, to be completed early next month. The facility is meant to include an offshore platform to transfer aid from ships, and a floating pier to bring the aid to shore.

Aid organizations have welcomed the plan, which will be an addition to the airdrops of humanitarian supplies that the U.S. military has been conducting over Gaza. But aid workers say, and defense officials have acknowledged, that the maritime project is not an adequate substitute for land convoys. Such aid convoys fell sharply when the war began more than six months ago and have only partly recovered .

Some U.S. military officials have also privately expressed security concerns about the project, and General Ryder said that the military was looking into a mortar attack on Wednesday that caused minimal damage in the area where some pier work is supposed to be done. However, he said, U.S. forces had not started moving anything into the area at the time of the mortar attacks.

The floating pier is being built alongside an Army ship off the Gaza coast. Army ships are large, lumbering vessels, so they have armed escorts, particularly as they get within range of Gaza’s coast, defense officials have said.

The United Nations says famine is likely to set in within Gaza by the end of May.

Aid workers have described bottlenecks for aid at border crossings because of lengthy inspections of trucks, limited crossing hours and protests by Israelis, and they have highlighted the difficulty of distributing aid inside Gaza. Israeli officials have denied that they are hampering the flow of aid, saying the United Nations and aid groups are responsible for any backlogs.

Senior Biden administration and military officials detailed a complex plan in a Pentagon call with reporters on Thursday afternoon, explaining how the pier and causeway are being put together, and how it is supposed to work. Army engineers are constructing the facility aboard Navy ships in the eastern Mediterranean. One official said that the “at-sea assembly of key pieces” of the pier began on Thursday.

Biden officials are insistent that the Pentagon can carry out aid deliveries through the floating pier without putting American boots on the ground in Gaza. Officials described a complicated shuttle system, through which aid would be loaded onto Navy ships in Cyprus and transported to a causeway — a floating platform — at sea.

The Pentagon’s military acronym for the project is J-Lots, for Joint Logistics Over the Shore.

The causeway at sea is different from the floating pier where the aid will be offloaded into Gaza. An engineering unit with the Israeli military will anchor the floating pier to the Gaza shore, a senior military official told reporters in the Pentagon call.

Shuttle boats run by aid organizations, the United Nations or other countries are then expected to transport the aid to the floating pier, where it is to be loaded onto trucks driven by “a third party,” the official said. He declined to identify the third party.

The official said that Israel was dedicating a brigade to provide security for the American troops and aid workers working on the pier.

The operation is expected to bring in enough aid for around 90 trucks a day, a number that will increase to 150 trucks a day when the system reaches full operating capacity, the official said.

— Helene Cooper Reporting from Washington

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