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Global Online Travel Booking Market Report 2022: Use Online Intermediaries for Travel Booking Accelerated Post the Pandemic - ResearchAndMarkets.com

DUBLIN--( BUSINESS WIRE )--The "Global Online Travel Market 2022" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Online travel agencies will witness high growth opportunities

The global travel market is recovering from the negative effects of the pandemic, according to the recent data cited in the report.

This provides a growth momentum to the online travel booking channel, which is poised to expand substantially in 2022 compared to the past year. For instance, the USA will see a double-digit growth of the gross airline bookings coming from online channels after 2022.

For the Asia-Pacific market as well, the use of online platforms for booking travel related services is expected to rise in the coming years, with double-digit CAGR predicted for countries including Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand.

Booking.com leads the online travel market sales across regions

As revealed by this report, Booking.com was the highest revenue maker globally within the online travel agencies market, reaching to a double-digit billion of dollars revenue figure in 2021.

It also had a close to hundred million mobile app downloads in the same year. In Asia-Pacific, Booking.com was the most visited travel and tourism website. Competitors such as Expedia Group and Airbnb also experience growth in various markets as highlighted in the new report.

Questions Covered in the report:

• What are the emerging trends currently and, in the future, impacting the Online travel market?
• Which are the leading Online Travel Apps and websites globally?
• What is the projected development of online travel booking in the Southeast Asian market by 2024?
• What is the expected growth of Online Travel bookings in Europe as of 2025?
• As of 2021, which are the top payment methods used by travelers in Mexico to book travel online?
• What are the most preferred travel booking channels in the Middle Eastern and African regions?

Key Topics Covered:

1. Management Summary

• Travel Market Overview and Trends, July 2022 (1 of 2)
• Travel Market Overview and Trends, July 2022 (2 of 2)
• International Departures, in % of 2019 Levels, 2022e-2025f
• Online Travel Agencies Gross Bookings, in USD billion, 2018-2020 & 2025f
• Breakdown of Internet Traffic Source in Travel & Hospitality vs All Industries, by Devices, in %, 2021
• Breakdown of Online Travel Sales, by Desktop and Mobile, in %, 2020 & 2021
• Cart Abandonment Rate in Online Travel to Overall E-Commerce, in %, 2021
• Online Travel Cart Abandonment Rate, by Desktop and Mobile, in %, 2021
• Reasons Why Consumers Abandon Their Carts During Travel Booking, in % of Consumers Who Abandoned Their Carts, 2021
• Revenue of the Top 5 Travel Websites, in USD billion, 2021
• Top 10 Most Downloaded Online Travel Agency Apps, by Downloads, in millions, 2021

3. North America

• Online Travel Agencies Gross Bookings, in USD billion, 2019, 2021 & 2022f
• Online Travel Agencies' Share of Online Travel Gross Bookings, by Segment, in %, 2021
• Online Hotel Gross Bookings, in USD billion, and Breakdown by Direct and OTA, in %, 2019, 2021 & 2023f
• Top 10 Hotel Booking Channels, incl. OTAs and Direct, 2021
• Fastest Growing Online Travel Agency Apps, in % Y-O-Y App Session Growth, Q4 2021
• Gross Direct Airline Bookings Made Via Mobile Devices, in USD million and Mobile Share of Direct Online Gross Booking in %, 2019 - 2025f
• Top 5 Features of Travel Credit Cards, in % of Respondents, August 2021

4. Asia-Pacific

4.1. Regional

• Top 10 Hotel Booking Channels, incl. "OTA" and "Direct Booking", 2021
• Online Travel Gross Bookings, in USD billion, 2019 & 2024f
• Online Travel Bookings, in CNY trillion, 2020 & 2021e
• Breakdown of Online Travel Gross Merchandise Value by Direct and OTA, in %, 2021
• Online Travel Agencies Gross Merchandise Value, in CNY billion, Y-O-Y Change in %, 2019-2022f
• Factors Online Travel Bookers Pay Attention to, in % of Online Travel Bookers, 2021
• Top 5 Online Travel Websites by Monthly Active Users, in millions, 2021
• China: Top 5 OTAs by Market Share, in % of Online Travel Agencies Sales, 2021
• Breakdown of Online Travel Ticket GMV by Segment, in %, and Online Share of GMV in Each Ticket Segment, in %, 2021
• Gross Merchandise Value of Online Accommodation Market, in CNY billion, in % Y-O-Y Change, 2019-2022f
• Virtual Tour Sales, in JPY billion, 2020 & 2021e
• Reasons for Choosing Virtual Tours, in % of Respondents, 2021
• Total Travel Sales, in USD billion, and Breakdown by Channel, in %, 2020 & 2027f
• Top 10 Online Travel Booking Channels, incl. "OTA" and "Direct Booking", 2021

4.5. Australia

• Online Travel Bookings, in AUD million, And Year-on-Year Change, in %, 2018-2022f

4.6. Indonesia

• Online Travel Gross Merchandise Value, in USD billion, 2019-2021 & 2025f

4.7. Thailand

• Online Travel Gross Merchandise Value, in USD billion, 2021 & 2025f

4.8. Singapore

4.9. Malaysia

4.10. Vietnam

4.11. Philippines

5.1. Regional

Online Share of Total Travel Bookings, in %, 2021 & 2025f

• Number of Guests in Short-Stay Accommodation Booked via Online Platforms, in millions, 2019-2021
• Number of Visits to Travel Websites, by Category, in thousands, and in % Change, January 2022 & April 2022
• Travel Website Reach, by Category, in %, and Top Player in Each Category, Q1 2022

5.3. Germany

• Online Travel Agency Sales Growth Compared to Levels in the Same Period in 2019, in %, May - October 2022e
• Share of Adults Using the Internet to Search for Information Before Purchasing Goods and Services, by Category, incl. "Travel", in % of Online Shoppers, 2021
• Travel Information Researched Online, by Category, in million Trips, 2020 & 2021
• Use of Digital and Analog Channels to Book Travel, by Age Group, in % of Travelers, 2021
• Channels Used by Travelers to Book a Holiday, by Duration of Trips, in % of Travelers, 2021
• Top Reasons for Booking a Holiday Online, in % of Travelers, 2021

5.4. France

• Breakdown of Preferred Booking Channels Used When Booking a Holiday Accommodation, in % of Travelers, 2021
• Breakdown of Preferred Booking Channels, by Category, in % Travelers, 2021
• Top 10 Travel Sites, by Number of Visitors, in thousands, January 2022
• Online Channels Used to Book Flight Tickets, by Age Group, in % of Travelers, by Age Group, 2021
• Share of Online Bookings Concluded Directly on the Website of the Hotel/ Private Accommodation, in % of All Accommodation Bookings, 2019 - 2021
• Mobile Share of Supplier-Direct Online Gross Travel Bookings, in %, 2021 & 2025f
• Goods and Services Bought Online, incl. "Travel", in % of Online Shoppers, 2020 & 2021
• Top 5 Booking Channels, in % of Travel Reservations, 2021

5.7. Netherlands

• Top 5 Travel and Tourism Websites, by Visits*, May 2022

5.8. Russia

• Travel Revenue Generated from Online Channels, in %, 2024f
• Top 5 Travel and Tourism Websites, by Visits, May 2022

5.9. Poland

• Share of Travelers Booking Their Trips via OTAs, in %, Q4 2021

6. Latin America

6.1. Regional

• Online Travel Sales, in USD billion, 2019-2020 & 2024f

6.2. Brazil

• Online Travel Penetration Rate, in %, 2023f
• Top 5 Travel and Tourism Websites Ranked by Visits*, May 2022

6.3. Mexico

• Breakdown of the Channels Used to Purchase Travel Related Products and Services, in % of Travelers, 2021
• Payment Methods Used By Travelers Book Travel Online, in % of Digital Travelers, 2021

7. Middle East & Africa

7.1. Regional

• Breakdown of Channels Used to Make Hotel Reservations, in %, 2021
• Top 5 Most Visited Travel and Tourism Websites Ranked by Visits*, June 2022

7.3. Saudi Arabia

• Top 5 Most Visited Travel and Tourism Websites, by Total Visits in millions, June 2022

7.4. South Africa

• Top 10 Hotel Booking Channels, incl. OTA and Direct Booking, 2021
• Top 5 Accommodation Booking Websites Ranked by Visits, June 2022

Companies Mentioned

• Booking.com
• Leboncoin.fr
• Travel.Yandex.ru
• Tripadvisor

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/gqpgx

ResearchAndMarkets.com Laura Wood, Senior Press Manager [email protected] For E.S.T Office Hours Call 1-917-300-0470 For U.S./ CAN Toll Free Call 1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

Related Travel Research

Global online travel overview 2019.

Free for Open Access Subscribers

Phocuswright’s Global Online Travel Overview 2019 provides and compares total and online travel gross bookings for six regions: the U.S./Canada, Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific (APAC), the Middle East and Latin America (LATAM). The market sizing and analysis presented here is sourced in part from several Phocuswright publications and data products:

• U.S. Online Travel Overview 2018
• Europe Online Travel Overview 2018
• Asia Pacific Online Travel Overview 2019
• Middle East Online Travel Overview 2019
• Phocal Point: Global Market Sizing

What is Open Access

An Open Access subscription provides company-wide access to the whole library of Phocuswright’s travel research and data visualization.

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Planning to Combine Business and Leisure Travel? You’re Not Alone.

As employees increasingly add leisure time to their business trips, companies are trying to figure out where their duty of care obligations begin and end.

Credit... Aart-Jan Venema

Supported by

By Amy Zipkin

• April 7, 2024

On a Sunday in late January, Melinda Buchmann, who lives in Florida and supervises client relations for RevShoppe, a 30-person remote company advising organizations on sales techniques and strategies, arrived in Banff, Alberta, to help set up a four-day company meeting.

The last day of the event, her husband, Josh, a director of strategic partnerships for the delivery company DoorDash , who also works remotely, joined her. They spent two leisurely days hiking in Banff National Park and visiting Lake Louise.

“I take advantage, because I don’t know when I’m going to return,” Ms. Buchmann said of the decision to combine downtime with a business trip.

As postpandemic work life has changed, and arrangements now include full-time office attendance as well as hybrid and remote work, so, too, has business travel. The phenomenon known as bleisure, or blended business and leisure travel, was initially embraced largely by digital nomads . But such combined travel is now also popular with people outside that group . Allied Market Research, a subsidiary of Allied Analytics, based in Portland, Ore., estimated that the bleisure travel market was $315.3 billion in 2022 and would reach $731.4 billion by 2032.

As employees increasingly add leisure time to their business trips, companies are struggling to determine where their legal obligation to protect employees from harm — their so-called duty of care — begins and ends. And workers may think that because their trip started with business, they will get all the help they need if something goes wrong on the leisure end. Instead, they should generally consider the leisure part of a trip as a regular vacation where they cover all expenses and contingencies.

Companies are responsible for knowing where their employees are during a business trip, covering expenses if an accident or emergency occurs, securing new lodging if a hotel is damaged, even swapping out a broken down rental car. Still, it’s not entirely clear if that coverage ends completely after the conference or the last client meeting.

Companies recognize that threats are increasing, said Robert Cole, senior research analyst focusing on lodging and leisure travel at Phocuswright, a market research company. They are trying to figure out how to take care of a valuable company resource, the employee, without leaving themselves open to financial risk or potential litigation.

“Crafting a comprehensive policy that balances business objectives, employee well-being and legal considerations can be challenging,” Nikolaos Gkolfinopoulos, head of tourism at ICF, a consulting and technology services company in Reston, Va., wrote in an email.

Employees may be on their own without realizing it and may be surprised by out-of-pocket expenses if they require hospital care abroad or evacuation, said Suzanne Morrow, chief executive of InsureMyTrip , an online insurance travel comparison site in Warwick, R.I.

Ms. Morrow said medical coverage provided by a company “is generally only for the dates of the actual business trip abroad.” If travelers are extending the trip for personal travel, she added, “they would want to secure emergency medical coverage for that additional time abroad.”

Employers and employees are left to figure out when the business portion of the trip ends and the leisure segment begins, a significant detail if an employee has a medical emergency. “Where does the corporation liability end?” said Kathy Bedell, senior vice president at BCD Travel, a travel management company.

Companies have varying policies to deal with the new travel amalgam. The chief executive of RevShoppe, Patricia McLaren, based in Austin, Texas, said the company provided flexible travel options and allowed employees to work anywhere they choose.

Even so, there are constraints. The company requires all employees, including executives, to sign liability and insurance waivers when they are on a voluntary company-sponsored trip, such as an off-site meeting. Such waivers typically place responsibility on employees for their own well-being. And if they bring someone, they are responsible for that person’s expenses.

Employees are responsible for requesting the paid time off and notifying their managers of their whereabouts, although that part is not a requirement. Managers have to ensure adequate staffing, Ms. McLaren said.

Elsewhere, employees may not bother to mention the leisure portion of their trip. Eliot Lees, a vice president and managing director at ICF, said he had been on trips as a child with his parents when they combined business and leisure. His parents were academics, who would piggyback vacations onto conferences.

Now he does the same. “I don’t think I ever asked for approval,” he said. (ICF has no formal business-leisure travel policy. It’s allowed as part of personal time off.) After a conference in the Netherlands last year, he spent four days hiking in the northern part of the country.

“I go anywhere, and take more risks than I should,” he said. He said he didn’t carry personal travel or accident insurance.

Any nonchalance may quickly evaporate if a threat emerges. Security experts say even low-risk locations can become high-risk for a few days or weeks of the year.

“Companies are concerned about losing visibility into a traveler’s whereabouts if they booked flights and hotels outside their corporate travel management company,” Benjamin Thorne, senior intelligence manager in London for Crisis24, a subsidiary of GardaWorld, wrote in an email. “The company may think the traveler is in one city when, in reality, they could have booked a holiday package to another nearby city. This lack of visibility by the company makes it difficult to support travelers when a disaster occurs.”

He also raised the possibility that “a traveler with bleisure travel reservations and expectations may find their work trip canceled due to changes in the risk environment or company policy, disrupting their leisure plans.”

Will a company step in off hours if there’s a problem? “That depends on how you are booked,” Mr. Cole, the senior research analyst at Phocuswright, said. A rule of thumb is the further you get from corporate control, the greater the gray area gets.

Half of GoldSpring Consulting’s clients take the responsibility for the entire trip, said Will Tate, a partner at the consultancy based in Cross Roads, Texas, and a certified public accountant. They don’t want the reputational risk. The other half say: “The business trip ended Friday. That’s when we end our duty of care.”

Some companies are trying to define and narrow the gray area. “If you are clearly on personal time, there is no legal requirement for your employer to provide for you,” said Nicole Page, a lawyer whose practice includes employment law at Reavis Page Jump in New York.

Uber provides employees with advisories before a trip, travel assessments, safety tips while traveling and emergency travel assistance, including medical aid, airport travel support, urgent and emergency assistance, and lost or stolen personal property insurance whether they are on business or pleasure travel or a combination.

And at DoorDash, Chris Cherry, head of global safety and security, wrote in an email that “while personal travel is not something we track, we have received requests to extend our travel support capabilities to personal travel.” Mr. Cherry said in those cases, the company has manually added employee leisure itineraries to its travel risk management system and “provided the same level of overwatch that we do for regular business travel.”

The Buchmanns plan to travel this month to Barcelona, Spain, for the McDonald’s Worldwide Convention. DoorDash will have a booth, and Mr. Buchmann will work on the exhibit floor and also entertain clients.

Ms. Buchmann will accompany him. She plans to go sightseeing in the morning, and work in the afternoons and evenings Barcelona time. She will also take three days of paid time off and has shared her plans with Ms. McLaren, the RevShoppe chief executive.

They will stay a day after the conference and plan to visit the Dalí Theater and Museum in Figueres. “I’m sure there will be no shortage of tapas and window shopping along way,” Mr. Buchmann said. He expects to be back at work the next Monday.

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Breaking Down Racial Barriers

Greg Gross has a dream. “Growing up, my life was split between two inner cities—New Orleans and Oakland—dreaming of becoming a writer and a traveler, surrounded by kids with no dreams at all,” says Gross. About ten years ago, he met a young woman in Natchez, Mississippi, who proudly told him she intended never to set foot beyond her city. “I suddenly realized how many black Americans felt as she did. Seeing the world was something for ‘other people,’ not them. It wasn’t just about a lack of money. It was a mind-set in which to be caught outside your cultural comfort zone was to be vulnerable, dangerously exposed. That was when I knew I had to write about travel—to take the mystery, and thus the fear, out of it all.”

Getting travelers from here to there is the task this retired journalist has taken on with his blog, I’m Black and I Travel! . From his desk in San Diego, he documents black travel experiences, highlights heritage destinations, profiles travelers, and tackles the fears of people heading out into the world. “I often hear from black Americans who wonder what kind of treatment they can expect in particular parts of the globe,” he says. He writes about his own journeys: 27 countries, five continents, 42 U.S. states, and counting.

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THE INTERVIEW

National Geographic Traveler : When did you first discover travel?

Greg Gross: My love of travel was born on the Sunset Limited train, when my mother took me from New Orleans to Los Angeles. I was five. (I wrote about this in an early entry on my blog .) Growing up, my life was split between two “inner cities,” New Orleans and Oakland, dreaming of becoming a writer and a traveler, surrounded by kids with no dreams at all. I partly have National Geographic to “blame” for my love of travel. In the eighth grade, I found myself at a Lutheran school in Oakland, California, which had a wall of National Geographic magazines, dating back to 1915. Can you imagine what that does to an eighth-grade mind? I thought I had died and gone to heaven. But as a teenager, I was oblivious to a lot of things until my senior year of high school in New Orleans. I think that’s when my “mission” really began. I just didn’t know it yet.

NGT : How did you find your personal travel mission?

GG: Fast-forward about 40 years. I’m a college graduate, married, with a career in mainstream journalism. But the passion for travel still burns. In Natchez, Mississippi, I meet a lovely young black woman who proudly informs me that she never intends to set foot outside the Natchez city limits as long as she lives … and she’s not kidding. I suddenly realize how many black Americans I had met over the years who felt more or less as she did, people for whom the very notion of travel was unthinkable.

NGT : Why was that the case?

GG: It wasn’t just about a lack of money. In the mind-set with which they had been raised, the unfamiliar was unsafe, threatening. To be caught outside your cultural comfort zone was to be vulnerable, dangerously exposed. Seeing the world was something for “other people,” not them.

NGT : What did you do?

GG: That was the moment when I knew I had to write about travel. Not just about destinations. I wanted to write about travel itself, the mechanics of it, the intellectual and spiritual sides of it. I wanted to take the mystery, and thus the fear, out of it all. So I began blogging about my mission .

NGT : How has your blog evolved?

GG: I started my blog with a black American audience in mind. So I was stunned the first time Google Analytics informed me that I had readers in nearly 120 countries and on every continent except Antarctica. And I’ve heard from readers in countries such as Chile, Venezuela, Angola, and Zambia that have not shown up in my Google Analytics research. It turns out that a lot of the information I was providing, and a lot of the fears I was addressing, had a more universal audience than I ever expected.

NGT : Who are your readers?

GG: Some of my readers have specific travel interests or questions about different aspects of travel. Often, I hear from black Americans who wonder what kind of treatment they can expect were they to visit some particular part of the world. But many just enjoy being engaged and regaled by a travel story that takes their minds and souls to places their bodies haven’t been … yet.

NGT : What have your travels taught you?

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GG: The first thing travel taught me was that wherever you go in this world, there are things to learn and people to teach you, if you let them. And that no matter how culturally diverse and different we are, human dignity, kindness, and friendship can be found anywhere. Travel has taught me to appreciate the new, the different, the unfamiliar. It has taught me that the world, and the people in it, are not nearly as scary as they appear on the evening news.

NGT : What are your next steps?

GG: I've come to believe that travel is vital to our basic education, and I blog about this. I need to develop ways to help people travel, beyond my writing. I want to organize trips for people. I want to design programs that enable groups who otherwise might not be able to travel to see some of the world. I want to find ways to make it easier for travelers to connect with people in other corners of the global village. Ultimately, I want everyone to look at a map of the world, let their eyes settle on any random corner of it, and think, “I have friends there.”

NGT : Where do you see yourself headed?

GG: Physically, I’m in San Diego, my hometown. Where would I like to be? That would take a much longer answer. For me, life is a pause between trips.

> > Next: A Lesson in What to Pack in Your Luggage

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Topic no. 511, Business travel expenses

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Travel expenses are the ordinary and necessary expenses of traveling away from home for your business, profession, or job. You can't deduct expenses that are lavish or extravagant, or that are for personal purposes.

You're traveling away from home if your duties require you to be away from the general area of your tax home for a period substantially longer than an ordinary day's work, and you need to get sleep or rest to meet the demands of your work while away.

Generally, your tax home is the entire city or general area where your main place of business or work is located, regardless of where you maintain your family home. For example, you live with your family in Chicago but work in Milwaukee where you stay in a hotel and eat in restaurants. You return to Chicago every weekend. You may not deduct any of your travel, meals or lodging in Milwaukee because that's your tax home. Your travel on weekends to your family home in Chicago isn't for your work, so these expenses are also not deductible. If you regularly work in more than one place, your tax home is the general area where your main place of business or work is located.

In determining your main place of business, take into account the length of time you normally need to spend at each location for business purposes, the degree of business activity in each area, and the relative significance of the financial return from each area. However, the most important consideration is the length of time you spend at each location.

You can deduct travel expenses paid or incurred in connection with a temporary work assignment away from home. However, you can't deduct travel expenses paid in connection with an indefinite work assignment. Any work assignment in excess of one year is considered indefinite. Also, you may not deduct travel expenses at a work location if you realistically expect that you'll work there for more than one year, whether or not you actually work there that long. If you realistically expect to work at a temporary location for one year or less, and the expectation changes so that at some point you realistically expect to work there for more than one year, travel expenses become nondeductible when your expectation changes.

Travel expenses for conventions are deductible if you can show that your attendance benefits your trade or business. Special rules apply to conventions held outside the North American area.

Deductible travel expenses while away from home include, but aren't limited to, the costs of:

• Travel by airplane, train, bus or car between your home and your business destination. (If you're provided with a ticket or you're riding free as a result of a frequent traveler or similar program, your cost is zero.)
• The airport or train station and your hotel,
• The hotel and the work location of your customers or clients, your business meeting place, or your temporary work location.
• Shipping of baggage, and sample or display material between your regular and temporary work locations.
• Using your car while at your business destination. You can deduct actual expenses or the standard mileage rate, as well as business-related tolls and parking fees. If you rent a car, you can deduct only the business-use portion for the expenses.
• Lodging and non-entertainment-related meals.
• Dry cleaning and laundry.
• Business calls while on your business trip. (This includes business communications by fax machine or other communication devices.)
• Tips you pay for services related to any of these expenses.
• Other similar ordinary and necessary expenses related to your business travel. (These expenses might include transportation to and from a business meal, public stenographer's fees, computer rental fees, and operating and maintaining a house trailer.)

Instead of keeping records of your meal expenses and deducting the actual cost, you can generally use a standard meal allowance, which varies depending on where you travel. The deduction for business meals is generally limited to 50% of the unreimbursed cost.

If you're self-employed, you can deduct travel expenses on Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship) , or if you're a farmer, on Schedule F (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Farming .

If you're a member of the National Guard or military reserve, you may be able to claim a deduction for unreimbursed travel expenses paid in connection with the performance of services as a reservist that reduces your adjusted gross income. This travel must be overnight and more than 100 miles from your home. Expenses must be ordinary and necessary. This deduction is limited to the regular federal per diem rate (for lodging, meals, and incidental expenses) and the standard mileage rate (for car expenses) plus any parking fees, ferry fees, and tolls. Claim these expenses on Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses and report them on Form 1040 , Form 1040-SR , or Form 1040-NR as an adjustment to income.

Good records are essential. Refer to Topic no. 305 for information on recordkeeping. For more information on these and other travel expenses, refer to Publication 463, Travel, Entertainment, Gift, and Car Expenses .

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An analytical thinker, tenacious news reporter, and social media savant, Michelle Gross is well-versed in digital and print journalism and has an extensive background in conducting research, copyediting, and in-depth reporting. With more than a decade of experience reporting exclusively on the intersection of travel, food, and lifestyle trends, Michelle has lived, worked, and reported from cities around the world. After earning her master’s degree in international reporting from the Craig Newmark School of Journalism (formerly CUNY), Michelle's work has taken her from the bush camps of Zambia to the frozen tundras of Antarctica on multiple expedition trips and back. In addition to contributing to Travel + Leisure, Michelle is a Forbes travel columnist and regular contributor to Robb Report, Thrillist, Business Insider, Fodor’s, and BBC Travel, among others.

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How to Calculate Travel Nursing Net Pay

Calculating net pay is an important step in comparing competing travel nursing pay packages and ultimately deciding whether or not to accept a particular travel nursing job. The importance of net pay is relatively unique to travel nursing. This is due largely to the fact that levels of tax-free compensation vary so greatly. However, there are other important factors to consider. Here we’ll discuss the factors that affect net pay and provide a strategy for calculating it.

What is net pay and how should it be calculated?

It’s important to define net pay because we want to make sure that we’re making apples-to-apples comparisons when comparing compensation packages. The standard and perhaps best approach is to focus on weekly net pay . Weekly net pay is the estimated net amount that will be deposited to the travel nurse’s account for working the contracted weekly hours. While this might seem really straightforward, you must be careful to clearly define the parameters.

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Remember, the pay package can be comprised of many variables. As a result, you may run in to some recruiters who factor in variables like travel stipends or medical benefit costs to their weekly net pay quotes. However, these variables are most likely not going to be paid on a weekly basis. Recruiters do this because they’re intent on portraying the full value of their compensation package.

While this may seem disingenuous, this approach is not without merit. Recruiters are concerned that a centralized focus on weekly net pay might overshadow some of the other compensation variables they’re offering. For example, they might be offering a much higher travel stipend than other agencies, or they might provide top-notch medical benefits that are more expensive than others, or they might be offering a completion bonus. This is why it’s so important to get your compensation quotes in writing. In doing so, you’ll be able to run equal calculations and make your own comparisons.

For our purposes here, we’re defining weekly net pay as only the amount of money that will be deposited to the travel nurse’s bank account for working the contracted hours. However, you must remember to consider all of the other variables when comparing the total value of competing pay packages.

Now that we’ve defined net pay, let’s take a basic look at how it’s calculated. First, we’re going to calculate the gross taxable wage per week. Next, we’re going to calculate the weekly taxes that will be paid on the gross taxable weekly wage and subtract the taxes from the gross weekly taxable wage. Finally, we’re going to add the remainder to the tax-free stipends to arrive at the final weekly net pay figure.

Sample Travel Nursing Pay Packages

Let’s begin with two sample pay packages so that we have something to refer to throughout our discussion.

The assignment is for 13 weeks at 36 regular hours per week for a total of 468 anticipated hours. The agency offers the following:

Taxable base rate: $20/hour

Tax-free housing stipend: $1900/month (paid weekly)

Tax-free M&IE stipend: $250/week

Taxable base rate: $15/hour

Tax-free housing stipend: $2100/month (paid weekly)

Tax-free M&IE stipend: $300/week

For the purpose of calculating weekly net pay, the first thing we have to do is breakdown the monthly housing stipend to a weekly figure. It’s highly recommended that you require your recruiter to perform this calculation for you in order to avoid any miscommunication. However, If the agency is portraying this figure properly, then you should be able to multiply the monthly figure by three and divide by 13 in order to arrive at the weekly calculation. Remember, three months is 13 weeks and there are 4.33 weeks in a month.  So we’re looking at $438.46 for Sample #1 and $484.62 for Sample #2.

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Our next step is to calculate the total weekly dollar for the tax-stipends. Essentially, we need to add the housing stipend to the M&IE stipend. For Sample #1 we’re looking at $438.46 (housing) + $250 (M&IE) for a total of $688.46 per week. For Sample #2 we’re looking at $484.62 (housing) + $300 (M&IE) for a total of $784.62 per week.

How to calculate the estimated taxes for travel nursing pay

Now we’re ready to calculate the taxes that will be taken out of the weekly pay check. We need two things to accomplish this. First, we need the gross weekly taxable wage. To calculate the gross weekly taxable wage we simply multiply the taxable base rate by the number of contracted weekly hours. For Sample #1 we’re looking at $20 * 36 hours for a total of $720 per week. For Sample #1 we’re looking at $15 * 36 hours for a total of $540 per week.

Next, we need to calculate the estimated taxes that will be paid on the weekly taxable income. To accomplish this, many recruiters and travel nurses will rely on a ball-park tax rate figure. For example, they might estimate that the tax burden will be 20%. They will then multiply the gross weekly taxable wage by 20% to determine the estimated tax burden. So for Sample #1 we’re looking at .2 * $720 = $144.

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This approach is not recommended for two reasons. First, taxes are progressive. This means that the more money you make, the higher your tax rate is and vice-versa. Second, states have substantially different state tax rates. Both of these issues can throw your calculations off significantly.

Using an online paycheck calculator is a much better alternative. The most popular online paycheck calculator is found at paycheckcity.com . From their homepage menu you can select Calculator, then Standard, then Hourly Paycheck. Enter the information as applicable and select Calculate at the bottom of the calculator. It will provide a much more accurate estimate of your tax burden.

Below are images of our results for Sample #1 and Sample #2. You can see that we’ve selected Arizona as the state and you can also see the other parameters we used for our tax status. Yours maybe different than what we’ve selected so be sure to enter parameters that are unique to your situation. This is part of the beauty of paycheck calculators.

Paycheck Calculation for Sample #1

Paycheck Calculation for Sample #2

Calculating net pay

As mentioned above, we simply subtract the estimated weekly taxes from the weekly taxable wage and add the remainder to the total weekly tax-free stipends to calculate weekly net pay for a contract. For Sample #1 we’re looking at $720 – $167.59 = $552.41 + $688.46 = $1240.87 net weekly pay. For Sample #2 we’re looking at $540 – $121.96 = $418.04 + $784.62 = $1202.66 net weekly pay.

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As you can see, Sample #1 offers the higher net pay. However, you must still remember to account for the all of the remaining compensation variables when determining which contract offers the better deal.

Related posts:

• Travel Nursing Pay – Qualifying for Tax-Free Stipends and Tax Deductions: Part 2: Maintaining Temporary Status In our previous blog post we laid out the criteria under...
• Travel Nursing Pay: Flexible vs. Rigid If you’ve discussed travel nursing pay with multiple agencies, then...
• 5 Reasons Travel Nursing Pay Quotes Can Be Wrong Pay is among the most important variables that travel nurses...

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We asked: Is it gross to put luggage on your bed?

Traveling has always come with complications. Our By The Way Concierge column will take your travel dilemmas to the experts to help you navigate the new normal. Want to see your question answered? Submit it here .

Is it actually a health risk to put your suitcase on your bed after you travel, or just gross? It’s a question our By The Way team has debated for years — and our editor’s No. 1 pet peeve. After the issue came up again in a recent article , we decided to take a longer look at the topic.

I’m guilty of this “red flag behavior” myself. Before and after every trip, I flop my duffle bag on my bed to pack and unpack. It’s the easiest way to access both my closet and laundry basket. It’s also a disgusting concept to many, many people.

When I posed the question of this week’s column on Instagram earlier this week, dozens of people replied with their rage.

“This is a crime!” one person wrote.

“I just threw up a little in my mouth,” said another.

Other replies included varying degrees of profanity.

Their argument: Think about where your luggage has been. We roll suitcases across sidewalks where dead rats were smooshed; drag them over soiled hotel carpets; set them on airport bathrooms where … I’ll stop.

But “gross” is different than bad for you. Is there any reason my dirtbag behavior is actually risky?

Right out the gate, Lin H. Chen — an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Travel Medicine Center at Mount Auburn Hospital — sided with my online haters.

“My common sense says I would not want to put my suitcase on the bed that I’m going to sleep in because of where the suitcases have traveled,” she said.

Mark Gendreau — a physician and chief medical officer of BILH Beverly and Addison Gilbert hospitals in Massachusetts — said about the same: “I don’t think it’s a good idea to come home and put your suitcase on your bed.”

Even so, Gendreau doesn’t recommend going for a “ Bubble Boy ” approach to travel.

“You probably already have a ton of bacteria that you picked up from hotels or travels or school or work that are just part of your natural flora,” he said.

“The possibility of flesh-eating bacteria” coming home on your bag “would be extremely rare,” Gendreau said. Our bodies are used to fighting off or working with the many microorganisms we encounter on our suitcase and elsewhere. So “if you’re healthy and your immune system is intact for the most part, it shouldn’t be an issue whatsoever,” he added.

Instead of MRSA , Gendreau and Chen both said their chief concern for on-bed packing is bedbugs (yes, even if you’re not in Paris ).

Bedbugs are known to hang out in travel hot spots like hotels, trains and cruise ships among their usual haunts like apartments. Should they end up in your suitcase on a trip, you don’t want to deliver them straight to your own bed.

So where should you park your luggage? Chen opts for the top of a cabinet or dresser, a suitcase rack or even the floor. Gendreau recommends simply unloading where you do your laundry. And after you roll through puddles or buses or train stations, both recommend cleaning off your bag with a disinfecting wipe.

After our call, Chen continued investigating the topic and looked to see if there’s been any recent research. She couldn’t find anything with respect to microbes or infectious agents on suitcases, but her advice still stood: Keep your suitcase off your bed.

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The Moscow Metro Museum of Art: 10 Must-See Stations

There are few times one can claim having been on the subway all afternoon and loving it, but the Moscow Metro provides just that opportunity.  While many cities boast famous public transport systems—New York’s subway, London’s underground, San Salvador’s chicken buses—few warrant hours of exploration.  Moscow is different: Take one ride on the Metro, and you’ll find out that this network of railways can be so much more than point A to B drudgery.

The Metro began operating in 1935 with just thirteen stations, covering less than seven miles, but it has since grown into the world’s third busiest transit system ( Tokyo is first ), spanning about 200 miles and offering over 180 stops along the way.  The construction of the Metro began under Joseph Stalin’s command, and being one of the USSR’s most ambitious building projects, the iron-fisted leader instructed designers to create a place full of svet (radiance) and svetloe budushchee (a radiant future), a palace for the people and a tribute to the Mother nation.

Consequently, the Metro is among the most memorable attractions in Moscow.  The stations provide a unique collection of public art, comparable to anything the city’s galleries have to offer and providing a sense of the Soviet era, which is absent from the State National History Museum.  Even better, touring the Metro delivers palpable, experiential moments, which many of us don’t get standing in front of painting or a case of coins.

Though tours are available , discovering the Moscow Metro on your own provides a much more comprehensive, truer experience, something much less sterile than following a guide.  What better place is there to see the “real” Moscow than on mass transit: A few hours will expose you to characters and caricatures you’ll be hard-pressed to find dining near the Bolshoi Theater.  You become part of the attraction, hear it in the screech of the train, feel it as hurried commuters brush by: The Metro sucks you beneath the city and churns you into the mix.

With the recommendations of our born-and-bred Muscovite students, my wife Emma and I have just taken a self-guided tour of what some locals consider the top ten stations of the Moscow Metro. What most satisfied me about our Metro tour was the sense of adventure .  I loved following our route on the maps of the wagon walls as we circled the city, plotting out the course to the subsequent stops; having the weird sensation of being underground for nearly four hours; and discovering the next cavern of treasures, playing Indiana Jones for the afternoon, piecing together fragments of Russia’s mysterious history.  It’s the ultimate interactive museum.

Top Ten Stations (In order of appearance)

Kievskaya station.

Kievskaya Station went public in March of 1937, the rails between it and Park Kultury Station being the first to cross the Moscow River.  Kievskaya is full of mosaics depicting aristocratic scenes of Russian life, with great cameo appearances by Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin.  Each work has a Cyrillic title/explanation etched in the marble beneath it; however, if your Russian is rusty, you can just appreciate seeing familiar revolutionary dates like 1905 ( the Russian Revolution ) and 1917 ( the October Revolution ).

Mayakovskaya Station

Mayakovskaya Station ranks in my top three most notable Metro stations. Mayakovskaya just feels right, done Art Deco but no sense of gaudiness or pretention.  The arches are adorned with rounded chrome piping and create feeling of being in a jukebox, but the roof’s expansive mosaics of the sky are the real showstopper.  Subjects cleverly range from looking up at a high jumper, workers atop a building, spires of Orthodox cathedrals, to nimble aircraft humming by, a fleet of prop planes spelling out CCCP in the bluest of skies.

Novoslobodskaya Station

Novoslobodskaya is the Metro’s unique stained glass station.  Each column has its own distinctive panels of colorful glass, most of them with a floral theme, some of them capturing the odd sailor, musician, artist, gardener, or stenographer in action.  The glass is framed in Art Deco metalwork, and there is the lovely aspect of discovering panels in the less frequented haunches of the hall (on the trackside, between the incoming staircases).  Novosblod is, I’ve been told, the favorite amongst out-of-town visitors.

Komsomolskaya Station

Komsomolskaya Station is one of palatial grandeur.  It seems both magnificent and obligatory, like the presidential palace of a colonial city.  The yellow ceiling has leafy, white concrete garland and a series of golden military mosaics accenting the tile mosaics of glorified Russian life.  Switching lines here, the hallway has an Alice-in-Wonderland feel, impossibly long with decorative tile walls, culminating in a very old station left in a remarkable state of disrepair, offering a really tangible glimpse behind the palace walls.

Dostoevskaya Station

Dostoevskaya is a tribute to the late, great hero of Russian literature .  The station at first glance seems bare and unimpressive, a stark marble platform without a whiff of reassembled chips of tile.  However, two columns have eerie stone inlay collages of scenes from Dostoevsky’s work, including The Idiot , The Brothers Karamazov , and Crime and Punishment.   Then, standing at the center of the platform, the marble creates a kaleidoscope of reflections.  At the entrance, there is a large, inlay portrait of the author.

Chkalovskaya Station

Chkalovskaya does space Art Deco style (yet again).  Chrome borders all.  Passageways with curvy overhangs create the illusion of walking through the belly of a chic, new-age spacecraft.  There are two (kos)mosaics, one at each end, with planetary subjects.  Transferring here brings you above ground, where some rather elaborate metalwork is on display.  By name similarity only, I’d expected Komsolskaya Station to deliver some kosmonaut décor; instead, it was Chkalovskaya that took us up to the space station.

Elektrozavodskaya Station

Elektrozavodskaya is full of marble reliefs of workers, men and women, laboring through the different stages of industry.  The superhuman figures are round with muscles, Hollywood fit, and seemingly undeterred by each Herculean task they respectively perform.  The station is chocked with brass, from hammer and sickle light fixtures to beautiful, angular framework up the innards of the columns.  The station’s art pieces are less clever or extravagant than others, but identifying the different stages of industry is entertaining.

Baumanskaya Statio

Baumanskaya Station is the only stop that wasn’t suggested by the students.  Pulling in, the network of statues was just too enticing: Out of half-circle depressions in the platform’s columns, the USSR’s proud and powerful labor force again flaunts its success.  Pilots, blacksmiths, politicians, and artists have all congregated, posing amongst more Art Deco framing.  At the far end, a massive Soviet flag dons the face of Lenin and banners for ’05, ’17, and ‘45.  Standing in front of the flag, you can play with the echoing roof.

Ploshchad Revolutsii Station

Novokuznetskaya Station

Novokuznetskaya Station finishes off this tour, more or less, where it started: beautiful mosaics.  This station recalls the skyward-facing pieces from Mayakovskaya (Station #2), only with a little larger pictures in a more cramped, very trafficked area.  Due to a line of street lamps in the center of the platform, it has the atmosphere of a bustling market.  The more inventive sky scenes include a man on a ladder, women picking fruit, and a tank-dozer being craned in.  The station’s also has a handsome black-and-white stone mural.

Here is a map and a brief description of our route:

Start at (1)Kievskaya on the “ring line” (look for the squares at the bottom of the platform signs to help you navigate—the ring line is #5, brown line) and go north to Belorusskaya, make a quick switch to the Dark Green/#2 line, and go south one stop to (2)Mayakovskaya.  Backtrack to the ring line—Brown/#5—and continue north, getting off at (3)Novosblodskaya and (4)Komsolskaya.  At Komsolskaya Station, transfer to the Red/#1 line, go south for two stops to Chistye Prudy, and get on the Light Green/#10 line going north.  Take a look at (5)Dostoevskaya Station on the northern segment of Light Green/#10 line then change directions and head south to (6)Chkalovskaya, which offers a transfer to the Dark Blue/#3 line, going west, away from the city center.  Have a look (7)Elektroskaya Station before backtracking into the center of Moscow, stopping off at (8)Baumskaya, getting off the Dark Blue/#3 line at (9)Ploschad Revolyutsii.  Change to the Dark Green/#2 line and go south one stop to see (10)Novokuznetskaya Station.

Check out our new Moscow Indie Travel Guide , book a flight to Moscow and read 10 Bars with Views Worth Blowing the Budget For

Jonathon Engels, formerly a patron saint of misadventure, has been stumbling his way across cultural borders since 2005 and is currently volunteering in the mountains outside of Antigua, Guatemala.  For more of his work, visit his website and blog .

Photo credits:   SergeyRod , all others courtesy of the author and may not be used without permission

Claudia Looi

Touring the Top 10 Moscow Metro Stations

By Claudia Looi 2 Comments

Komsomolskaya metro station looks like a museum. It has vaulted ceilings and baroque decor.

Hidden underground, in the heart of Moscow, are historical and architectural treasures of Russia. These are Soviet-era creations – the metro stations of Moscow.

Our guide Maria introduced these elaborate metro stations as “the palaces for the people.” Built between 1937 and 1955, each station holds its own history and stories. Stalin had the idea of building beautiful underground spaces that the masses could enjoy. They would look like museums, art centers, concert halls, palaces and churches. Each would have a different theme. None would be alike.

The two-hour private tour was with a former Intourist tour guide named Maria. Maria lived in Moscow all her life and through the communist era of 60s to 90s. She has been a tour guide for more than 30 years. Being in her 60s, she moved rather quickly for her age. We traveled and crammed with Maria and other Muscovites on the metro to visit 10 different metro stations.

Arrow showing the direction of metro line 1 and 2

Moscow subways are very clean

To Maria, every street, metro and building told a story. I couldn’t keep up with her stories. I don’t remember most of what she said because I was just thrilled being in Moscow.   Added to that, she spilled out so many Russian words and names, which to one who can’t read Cyrillic, sounded so foreign and could be easily forgotten.

The metro tour was the first part of our all day tour of Moscow with Maria. Here are the stations we visited:

1. Komsomolskaya Metro Station  is the most beautiful of them all. Painted yellow and decorated with chandeliers, gold leaves and semi precious stones, the station looks like a stately museum. And possibly decorated like a palace. I saw Komsomolskaya first, before the rest of the stations upon arrival in Moscow by train from St. Petersburg.

2. Revolution Square Metro Station (Ploshchad Revolyutsii) has marble arches and 72 bronze sculptures designed by Alexey Dushkin. The marble arches are flanked by the bronze sculptures. If you look closely you will see passersby touching the bronze dog's nose. Legend has it that good luck comes to those who touch the dog's nose.

Touch the dog's nose for good luck. At the Revolution Square station

Revolution Square Metro Station

3. Arbatskaya Metro Station served as a shelter during the Soviet-era. It is one of the largest and the deepest metro stations in Moscow.

Arbatskaya Metro Station

4. Biblioteka Imeni Lenina Metro Station was built in 1935 and named after the Russian State Library. It is located near the library and has a big mosaic portrait of Lenin and yellow ceramic tiles on the track walls.

Lenin's portrait at the Biblioteka Imeni Lenina Metro Station

5. Kievskaya Metro Station was one of the first to be completed in Moscow. Named after the capital city of Ukraine by Kiev-born, Nikita Khruschev, Stalin's successor.

Kievskaya Metro Station

6. Novoslobodskaya Metro Station  was built in 1952. It has 32 stained glass murals with brass borders.

Novoslobodskaya metro station

7. Kurskaya Metro Station was one of the first few to be built in Moscow in 1938. It has ceiling panels and artwork showing Soviet leadership, Soviet lifestyle and political power. It has a dome with patriotic slogans decorated with red stars representing the Soviet's World War II Hall of Fame. Kurskaya Metro Station is a must-visit station in Moscow.

Ceiling panel and artworks at Kurskaya Metro Station

8. Mayakovskaya Metro Station built in 1938. It was named after Russian poet Vladmir Mayakovsky. This is one of the most beautiful metro stations in the world with 34 mosaics painted by Alexander Deyneka.

Mayakovskaya station

One of the over 30 ceiling mosaics in Mayakovskaya metro station

9. Belorusskaya Metro Station is named after the people of Belarus. In the picture below, there are statues of 3 members of the Partisan Resistance in Belarus during World War II. The statues were sculpted by Sergei Orlov, S. Rabinovich and I. Slonim.

10. Teatralnaya Metro Station (Theatre Metro Station) is located near the Bolshoi Theatre.

Teatralnaya Metro Station decorated with porcelain figures .

Taking the metro's escalator at the end of the tour with Maria the tour guide.

Have you visited the Moscow Metro? Leave your comment below.

January 15, 2017 at 8:17 am

An excellent read! Thanks for much for sharing the Russian metro system with us. We're heading to Moscow in April and exploring the metro stations were on our list and after reading your post, I'm even more excited to go visit them. Thanks again 🙂

December 6, 2017 at 10:45 pm

Hi, do you remember which tour company you contacted for this tour?

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• Premium Statistic Leading online travel companies worldwide 2020-2022, by revenue CAGR
• Premium Statistic Leading online travel companies worldwide 2022-2023, by EV/EBITDA

Selected trends

• Premium Statistic Global travelers who believe in the importance of green travel 2022
• Premium Statistic Sustainable initiatives travelers would adopt worldwide 2022, by region
• Premium Statistic Airbnb revenue worldwide 2017-2023
• Premium Statistic Airbnb nights and experiences booked worldwide 2017-2023
• Premium Statistic Technologies global hotels plan to implement in the next three years 2022
• Premium Statistic Hotel technologies global consumers think would improve their future stay 2022
• Premium Statistic Travel and tourism revenue worldwide 2019-2028, by segment
• Premium Statistic Distribution of sales channels in the travel and tourism market worldwide 2018-2028
• Premium Statistic Inbound tourism visitor growth worldwide 2020-2025, by region
• Premium Statistic Outbound tourism visitor growth worldwide 2020-2025, by region

Further related statistics

• Basic Statistic Forecast: economic contribution of travel and tourism to GDP worldwide 2020-2029
• Basic Statistic Global travel and tourism expenditure 2019-2022, by type
• Basic Statistic Impact of coronavirus on the summer holiday plans in the Netherlands 2020
• Premium Statistic Economic impact of winter tourism in the United States 2009/10
• Premium Statistic Economic impact of winter tourism in the United States 2009/10, by industry
• Premium Statistic Leading European countries in the Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021
• Premium Statistic Leading countries in the MEA in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2018
• Premium Statistic Macao's revenue from international tourism 2010-2020
• Premium Statistic Average daily expenditure of Dutch residents traveling to Italy 2010-2017
• Premium Statistic Evaluation of the tourist safety and security in the Nordic countries 2021
• Premium Statistic Planned city break expenses in Poland 2020
• Premium Statistic Share of outbound visits to the UK from Kuwait 2011-2021
• Basic Statistic Clévacances: number of bed and breakfast in France 2018, by region

Further Content: You might find this interesting as well

• Forecast: economic contribution of travel and tourism to GDP worldwide 2020-2029
• Global travel and tourism expenditure 2019-2022, by type
• Impact of coronavirus on the summer holiday plans in the Netherlands 2020
• Economic impact of winter tourism in the United States 2009/10
• Economic impact of winter tourism in the United States 2009/10, by industry
• Leading European countries in the Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021
• Leading countries in the MEA in the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2018
• Macao's revenue from international tourism 2010-2020
• Average daily expenditure of Dutch residents traveling to Italy 2010-2017
• Evaluation of the tourist safety and security in the Nordic countries 2021
• Planned city break expenses in Poland 2020
• Share of outbound visits to the UK from Kuwait 2011-2021
• Clévacances: number of bed and breakfast in France 2018, by region