iran visa for australian travel document

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We continue to advise:

Do not travel to Iran as there's a high risk you could be arbitrarily detained or arrested. 

Iran (PDF 927.2 KB)

The Middle East (PDF 1.45 MB)

Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

Call 115 or go direct to the hospital.

Mountaineers can also contact the Red Crescent on 112 for help.

Call 110 or visit the nearest police station.

Advice levels

Do not travel to Iran.

Do not travel to Iran as there's a high risk you could be arbitrarily detained or arrested.

• An increased threat of military and terrorist attacks against Israel and Israeli interests across the region and ongoing military action in the Occupied Palestinian Territories could lead to increased tensions in other locations in the Middle East. 
• Regional tensions are high, and the security situation could deteriorate quickly with little or no notice. In an attack or other armed conflict, you should follow the advice of local authorities. See our general advice on protecting your safety ( There’s an armed conflict ).
• Increased tensions in the Middle East may result in airspace closures, flight cancellations and diversions and other travel disruptions. 
• Dependants of Australian officials in Iran have been offered voluntary departure to return to Australia.
• Demonstrations and protests are expected. Small, localised protests continue in parts of Iran. Previously, security forces' response to protests has been severe, and many protesters and bystanders have been injured, killed or detained. There has been an increase in the number of foreign nationals arrested during previous protests. Avoid all demonstrations and protests.
• Terrorist attacks could happen anywhere in Iran, including Tehran or other locations frequented by foreigners and tourists. They could occur at any time with little or no warning. Avoid possible targets and areas with a low level of security. Possible targets for attacks include embassies, hotels, places of worship, tourist sites, government interests, military parades and locations, Western businesses and other interests. Take official warnings seriously.
• Australians, including dual nationals, should strongly consider leaving Iran as soon as possible. Foreigners in Iran, including Australians, are at a high risk of arbitrary detention or arrest. Foreign and dual nationals have been detained without due process of law. Iran does not recognise dual nationality. Our ability to provide consular support to dual Australian-Iranian nationals is extremely limited. We can't guarantee access to consular services or legal representation if you're detained or arrested.
• There are ongoing disruptions to telecommunications services, including mobile internet access.
• Regional tensions are high and could escalate rapidly. There is ongoing hostility between Iran and Israel, and military tensions between Iran, the US and other countries in the Middle East. The Iran-Iraq, Iran-Afghanistan, and Iran-Pakistan border areas are extremely dangerous.
• Regional and international politics can trigger protests. These may target Western or UN diplomatic missions. Avoid vigils, marches, demonstrations and large public gatherings, as they can turn violent without warning.
• Kidnapping for ransom can occur. Foreign nationals have also been the target of kidnapping. Drug traffickers and bandits are active in the Afghanistan and Pakistan border areas. They often clash violently with security forces. Bombings and shootings occur. Be alert to your surroundings, especially at night. Outside these areas, the level of violent crime is low.
• Women can face unwanted attention and harassment. If you're a woman, take care when travelling alone, particularly at night.

Full travel advice:  Safety

• Outbreaks of insect borne diseases such as malaria, tick-borne encephalitis and leishmaniasis occur. Use insect and mosquito repellent.
• HIV/AIDS is a risk. Take precautions if you engage in high-risk activities.
• Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases occur. These include cholera, typhoid and hepatitis. Drink only boiled or bottled water. Avoid raw or undercooked food.
• Significant air pollution occurs in major cities. Sandstorms and dust storms happen often. Get medical advice if you have allergies or breathing difficulties.

Full travel advice:  Health

• Don't use, carry or import illegal drugs. Punishments for drug offences are severe. They include the death penalty.
• Get professional advice if you're involved in local legal proceedings. In particular, seek advice on matters of family law, such as divorce, child custody and child support.
• Same-sex relations are illegal for both men and women. Penalties include corporal punishment and death.
• Iran has strict codes of dress and behaviour. Women are required by law to wear a headscarf and loose-fitting clothing covering their arms and legs. Men face fewer clothing restrictions but should avoid shorts and sleeveless t-shirts. Close contact between unmarried men and women is illegal, as is being in a de facto relationship. This is particularly the case for interactions between Muslims and non-Muslims. It's against the law to behave in a way that offends Islam, such as encouraging a Muslim to convert.
• Be careful when taking photos. It's illegal to photograph military or government sites, critical civil infrastructure and public protests. It's illegal to use drones without authorisation.
• Iran has strict importation laws. You can't import alcohol, pornography, pork products or short-wave radios. It's also illegal to import printed or recorded Western materials, including religious material. Get permission to bring in electronics, such as satellite phones, GPS trackers and walkie-talkies.

Full travel advice:  Local laws

• We advise Australians not to travel to Iran. If you're in Iran, you should strongly consider leaving as soon as possible. If despite our advice you travel to Iran, you'll need a visa to enter and you'll need to get it before you travel. Contact your nearest  Iranian embassy  for details. 
• Airlines may cancel or reduce their operations into and out of Iran at short notice.
• Some countries have restrictions on travellers coming out of Iran.
• If your passport contains Israeli stamps or visas, Iranian authorities will refuse you entry.
• If you overstay your visa in Iran for any reason, even one beyond your control, you'll incur a fine. The Australian Government cannot pay this fine for you. You must also apply for an exit visa. You can get more information on Iranian visa and exit permit requirements from the Iranian Passport Police Office or Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
• Most Australian travel insurance policies won't cover you for travel to Iran. You'll need a specialised policy.
• The local currency is the Iranian Rial (IRR). Declare any foreign currency you have when you arrive in Iran or authorities may confiscate it when you leave. You can exchange major currencies in all big cities. You can't use international credit or bank cards. You can't transfer money using commercial banks or money transfer companies. Bring enough cash to cover your stay.

Full travel advice: Travel

Local contacts

• The Consular Services Charter details what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.
• For consular assistance, contact the Australian Embassy in Tehran . The working week is from Sunday to Thursday, in accordance with local practice.
• Our ability to provide consular support to dual Australian-Iranian nationals is extremely limited.

Full travel advice: Local contacts

Full advice

Civil unrest and political tension.

Protests and demonstrations are expected. Some airlines may cancel flights at short notice - check with your airline. Australian embassy staff and their families in Tehran have been advised to stay close to home and avoid protest areas.

In late 2022 and early 2023, there were widespread protests across many cities and towns in Iran. Previously, security forces' response to protests has been severe, and many protesters and bystanders have been injured, killed or detained. During past protest periods, there have been increases in the number of foreign nationals arrested. You should avoid all protest activity.

Political developments in the region and local political tensions can trigger protests, demonstrations and vigils.

Public protests and events that draw large groups of people can potentially turn violent.

Iranians sometimes protest against some Western and Middle East embassies and UN missions.

To protect yourself during periods of unrest:

• avoid demonstrations, protests, large crowds and vigils
• do not photograph demonstrations, protests, large crowds or vigils
• monitor media for possible threats
• plan activities to avoid disruption on national or commemorative days
• follow the advice of local authorities
• share your itinerary with family and friends and keep in close contact so they know where you are.

Be prepared to change your plans in case of disruptions.

If civil unrest disrupts transport, ask your airline, travel agent or insurer for help.

More information:

• Demonstrations and civil unrest

Risk of arbitrary detention or arrest

Travellers in Iran, including Australians, are at a high risk of arbitrary detention or arrest. A number of Australians, including dual nationals, have been detained in Iran without due process of law.

There's been an increase in the number of foreign nationals being arrested or detained in Iran.

You may be at greater risk of detention if authorities are suspicious of your activities or background. You could attract the attention of authorities if you:

• study or do other academic activity
• travel outside tourist areas
• are near crowds, demonstrations or sensitive sites
• take photos, except in major tourist sites
• have contact with Iranians who are of interest to authorities
• behave or express views perceived as anti-Iranian, anti-Iranian Government, or that could cause religious offence
• are affiliated with, or have links to, Iranian opposition or other political groups.

Iran does not recognise dual nationality. If you're a dual Australian-Iranian national and are detained in Iran, our ability to provide consular support is extremely limited.

The Australian Government may not be notified if you're detained. We can't guarantee consular access to any Australian detained or arrested. We also can't guarantee access to legal representation.

If you're in Iran, you should leave immediately.

• Advice for dual nationals
• Fact sheet: Arrested or jailed overseas   

Security situation

Regional tensions are high, and the security situation could deteriorate quickly with little or no notice. This may also result in airspace closures, flight cancellations, flight diversions, and other travel disruptions. 

The security situation in Iran remains volatile. Tensions in the region are high and may escalate further, due to ongoing hostility between Iran and Israel, and military tensions between Iran, the US, and other countries in the Middle East.

If despite our advice you go to Iran, or decide to stay there, monitor media for possible threats and take extra precautions for your safety:

• keep a low profile.
• keep in contact with family and friends
• don't travel alone or at night
• check routes before you travel
• don't put your travel or other plans on social media
• work with only reliable, registered and authorised organisations and travel agencies
• don't carry large amounts of cash

Airlines may cancel or reduce their operations to and from Iran at short notice.  If tensions escalate, your options to leave may be limited. The Australian Government may not be able to assist with your departure. Check the latest flight status with your airline or travel provider and make arrangements in case you can’t leave. Share those plans with family and friends.

Iranian authorities are active in and closely monitor border areas with Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The security situation within 10km of the Iran-Iraq border is extremely dangerous.

Do not visit military or nuclear sites; these are not always clearly marked. Follow the advice of local authorities and monitor the media.

A terrorist attack could happen anywhere in Iran at any time, including in Tehran. 

In January 2024, at least 84 people were killed and more than 200 wounded in suicide bombing attacks in Kerman, southern Iran, carried out by Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP).

On 26 October 2022, a terrorist attack on the Shah Cheragh Shrine in Shiraz killed at least 14 people and injured 40 others.

Possible targets for attacks include:

• places of worship
• tourist sites
• government interests
• military parades and locations
• Western businesses and other interests

To stay safe from terrorist risks:

• be alert to possible threats throughout the country
• avoid places where there is a low level of security and possible target areas
• monitor the media for new threats
• report suspicious activity or items to police
• take official warnings seriously
• follow the instructions of local authorities

If there's an attack:

• leave the area as soon as it's safe
• avoid the affected area in case of secondary attacks

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

Kidnapping for ransom is a risk in Iran. Foreign nationals have been targeted. The kidnapping risk is heightened in the border areas with Afghanistan and Pakistan, including in the area east of Bam, Jask, and the Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. Drug traffickers and bandits are active in these regions.

Kidnapping happens with political, ideological and criminal motives. Targets have included foreigners.

Always be alert to your personal security and surroundings.

To protect yourself from kidnapping:

• seek professional security advice
• arrange effective personal safety measures
• be alert to possible threats
• change your daily routines and patterns of travel

The Australian Government's longstanding policy is that it doesn't make payments or concessions to kidnappers.

Violent crime

The level of violent crime in Iran is generally low, but petty crime is increasing due to the worsening economic situation.

Drug traffickers and bandits are active in the border areas near Afghanistan and Pakistan. This includes: 

• Sistan and Baluchestan province
• east of the city of Bam in Kerman province

Violent incidents often occur in these areas, such as:

• clashes between security forces and drug traffickers

Travel at night in these areas is particularly dangerous.

Be alert to your surroundings, especially at night. Don't draw unwanted attention to yourself.

Petty crime

There have been increasing reports of thieves in passing vehicles snatching bags from pedestrians, home break-ins and robberies. 

Women can face unwanted attention and harassment. Women  should take care travelling alone, particularly at night.

Scams and fraud

Men may approach foreigners and claim to be plain-clothes police. They say they're looking for foreign drug dealers and ask to see wallets and ID.

If this happens, it could be a scam . Ask a uniformed police officer for help.

Cyber security 

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you’re connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth.

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions, or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media.

Cyber security when travelling overseas

Climate and natural disasters

Earthquakes and severe weather occur in Iran.

If a natural disaster happens:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof location
• monitor local media
• keep in contact with your friends and family

Earthquakes

Iran experiences frequent earthquakes . There have been several major earthquakes in recent years.

Aftershocks often follow a major earthquake. They can cause further damage to already weakened structures.

Register with the Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System to receive alerts on major disasters.

Severe weather

Iran experiences extremely high temperatures.

The temperature in some areas can reach over 50˚C in July and August, the hottest months of the year.

Some regions have heavy snowfall during winter.

Sandstorms and dust storms occur regularly.

Widespread flash flooding affected large parts of Iran in March-April 2019, causing a number of deaths.

Travel insurance

If despite our advice you plan to travel to Iran, you'll need a specialised travel insurance policy that covers travel to high-risk destinations. Most Australian policies won't cover you for travel to Iran. Check that Iran is not excluded from your cover because of sanctions.

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care. The Australian Government won't pay for any costs or organise evacuation.

If you can't get travel insurance , you should not travel.

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition. 

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Healthdirect Australia)

Medications

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in other countries. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

Some specialised medicines are in short supply in Iran.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Iran. Take enough legal medicine for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medicine is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

Health risks

Medical evacuation may be difficult.

Insect-borne diseases

Malaria is endemic outside the major towns in Iran's south and west.

Other insect-borne diseases are common, including:

• leishmaniasis
• tick-borne encephalitis

Ticks are most active in spring, summer and autumn.

To protect yourself from disease:

• ensure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing
• consider taking medicine to prevent malaria

Get medical advice if you have a fever, muscle pain, rash or severe headache.

Infectious diseases

HIV/AIDS is a risk.

Take precautions if you engage in activities that may expose you to the virus.

Other health risks

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases occur, such as:

• tuberculosis

Serious outbreaks sometimes occur.

To protect yourself from illness:

• drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes
• avoid raw and undercooked food, such as salads

Get medical help if you have a fever or diarrhoea.

Air pollution

Significant air pollution occurs in major cities. Sandstorms and dust storms occur regularly.

Get medical advice if you have allergies or breathing difficulties.

Medical care

Medical facilities.

The standard of medical facilities varies. Facilities in remote areas are extremely limited.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you'll need to be evacuated to a place with better facilities, such as London or Dubai. Medical evacuation can be very expensive and may not be possible.

Medical tourism

Medical tourism including for cosmetic operations is common in Iran. The standard of medical service providers can vary. If you're considering getting medical treatment in Iran, you should research and choose your medical service providers carefully. Serious post-surgery complications and deaths have occurred.

You should discuss your plans with your Australian doctor or specialist before committing to getting procedures done in Iran.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties, including those that may appear harsh by Australian standards. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter . But we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail. 

Iran does not recognise dual nationality. If you're an Australian citizen with Iranian nationality, our ability to provide consular assistance is extremely limited.

Penalties for importing and possessing drugs are severe and include the death penalty.

Authorities have executed foreigners for drug-related offences in recent years.

Carrying or using drugs

Get professional advice if you're involved in local legal proceedings. In particular, seek advice on matters of family law, such as:

• child custody
• child support

Know your rights and responsibilities.

Penalties for serious offences include death and corporal punishment. Same-sex relations are considered serious offences.

These activities are illegal in Iran:

• homosexual acts for both men and women
• failing to meet the legal dress code
• import alcohol, pornography, pork products or short-wave radios
• import printed or recorded Western material, including those with a religious theme

Local authorities consider domestic violence to be a private family matter. Iranian law does not prohibit domestic violence.

Advice for LGBTI travellers

Dress and behaviour

Iran has strict Islamic codes of dress and behaviour.

It's illegal to behave in a way considered to offend Islam. For example, you must not encourage Muslims to convert to another religion.

It's also illegal to:

• have close contact between unmarried men and women — in particular between non-Muslims and Muslims
• be in a de facto relationship

In public women are required by law to wear:

• loose-fitting clothing to cover arms and legs
• a long coat
• a headscarf

If you fail to follow these dress requirements, you may be detained, fined or denied access to government and other services.

In public men should not wear shorts or sleeveless T-shirts.

Photography

You cannot photograph sensitive sites or events, including:

• military and nuclear sites
• government buildings and installations
• critical civil infrastructure
• public demonstrations

Electronic equipment

It's illegal to use drones without authorisation.

You will need permission to bring in a range of electronic equipment, including:

• satellite phones
• GPS trackers
• walkie-talkies

Unauthorised use may result in arrest or detention. Tracking software installed on mobile phones, tablets or other computer equipment may attract the attention of authorities.

For advice, contact your nearest Iranian embassy or consulate .

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

Iran doesn't recognise dual nationality.

If you're a dual national, you may be at greater risk of arbitrary arrest or detention. Our ability to provide consular assistance is extremely limited.

If you're arrested or detained, it's highly unlikely the Government of Iran would:

• allow us to give you consular services
• notify the Australian Embassy that you've been arrested or detained.

Under Iranian law, Iranian dual nationals must enter and exit Iran on their Iranian passport. Iranian immigration officials routinely confiscate the foreign passports of dual nationals.

If you're an Australian-Iranian dual national, authorities may not allow you to leave Iran if:

• you're male and you haven't completed military service
• you're female and you don't have permission from your husband or a senior male relative to leave Iran
• you're male and have not paid back the dowry to your wife after divorce
• you've overstayed your visa and not paid the fine.

We advise you not to travel to Iran if you are dual Australian-US or Australian-Israeli citizen, in line with those countries' advice to their citizens.  For other nationalities, you should check with the relevant country’s travel advice for advice about your risks.

• Dual nationals
• US travel advice for Iran
• UK Government travel advice for Iran
• Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Local customs

The Islamic holy month of Ramadan  is observed in Iran. Respect religious and cultural customs and laws during this time.

During Ramadan, eating, drinking and smoking may be illegal in public during the day. If you're not fasting, avoid these activities around people who are. Seek local advice to avoid offence.

Explore our Ramadan page to learn more, including dates for Ramadan.

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

Visitor visa

If despite our advice you decide to travel to Iran, you'll need a visa to enter. You must apply for a visa before you travel. Contact  Iranian embassy  in Australia to apply.

Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. Contact the embassy of Iran for details about visas, currency, customs and quarantine rules.

The Government of Iran issues Iranian visas. The Australian Embassy can't intervene in visa matters, including visas on arrival.

If you overstay your visa in Iran for any reason, even one beyond your control, you'll incur a fine. The Australian Government cannot pay this fine for you. You must also apply for an exit visa. You can get more information on Iranian visa and exit permit requirements from the Iranian Passport Police Office or Ministry of Foreign Affairs .

• Embassies and Consulates of Iran

Other formalities

If your passport has evidence you've travelled to Israel, such as an Israeli exit or entry stamp, authorities will refuse you entry to Iran.

Strict import restrictions apply.

If you're a dual national, you may not be able to leave Iran unless you meet certain conditions.

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport isn't valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a new passport .

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, tell the Australian Government as soon as possible.

• In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service .
• If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with ‘X’ gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can’t guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers.

• LGBTQIA+ travellers

The local currency is the Iranian Rial (IRR).

Declare any foreign currency you have when you arrive in Iran. If you don't, authorities may confiscate it when you leave.

You can change major currencies in all major cities. However, recent government action has made it harder to change money in exchange bureaus.

You can't use international credit or bank cards.

You can't transfer funds into Iran using:

• the commercial banking system
• a money transfer company 

Bring enough cash to cover your stay.

Local travel

Driving permit.

To drive in Iran you need both:

• a valid Australian driver's licence
• an International Driving Permit (IDP)

Get an IDP before leaving Australia.

Road travel

Iran has one of the highest rates of road accidents in the world.

You're more likely to die in a motor vehicle accident in Iran than in Australia.

If you plan to drive:

• check you have enough insurance cover
• ensure you understand local traffic laws and practices
• don't drink and drive

Pedestrians should exercise extreme caution when crossing roads, as traffic can be very congested and road-users unpredictable or undisciplined.

Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check if your travel insurance policy covers you for using a motorbike, quad bike or similar vehicle. 

Always wear a helmet.

Only use registered taxis and limousines. Book them through your hotel.

Public transport

Iran is serviced by extensive bus and rail options. Road conditions and road safety vary across the country. Rail services are more limited and slower.  Public transport  in the main cities is often very crowded.

The Gulf has many areas with security issues and territorial disputes. Authorities may inspect, detain and arrest vessels.  Foreigners navigating Iranian waters have been arrested and detained.

Piracy occurs in the Gulf.

Check the International Maritime Bureau's  piracy report .

The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) hasn't audited air safety authorities in Iran.

The EU has operational restrictions in place for some of Iran Air's fleet. The airline hasn't met the EU's international safety standards.

Ageing planes on many of Iran's domestic air services create serious safety concerns.

DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths.

Check Iran's air safety profile with the Aviation Safety Network .

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

English speakers are generally not available.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Read the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular assistance, contact the Australian Embassy in Tehran.

Australian Embassy

No.11, Yekta Street Bahar Street, Shahid Fallahi Street Valie Asr Avenue Tehran, Iran

Phone: +98 21 7206 8666 Fax: +98 21 7206 8777 Website: iran.embassy.gov.au Facebook: Australia in Iran Instagram: @AustraliaInIran

The working week is from Sunday to Thursday, in accordance with local practice.

Check the Embassy website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

+61 2 6261 3305 from overseas

1300 555 135 in Australia

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Iran Visa for Australian Citizens

Published by elmira on june 12, 2019 june 12, 2019, iran visa for australian citizens | full guide.

Iran Visa for Australian Citizens : Obtaining your Iran visa as an Australian citizen is actually much simpler than you think! As the Iranian government has taken effective measures, in the past couple of years, to facilitate the process for incoming visitors with tourism purposes, with the introduction of electronic visa and visa on arrival for most nationalities, including Australian passport holders.

We have prepared this full guide based on our years of experience  as an Iranian tour operator. So, if you wish to, you can also check out our Iran Tours .

1) Travel To Iran From Australia [Full Guide]

2) Is Iran Safe for Australian Citizens?

3) Iran Tours Australia

>> Iran Tours 2020 & 2021 (Click Here)

#1 Options of Getting an Iran Visa for Australian citizens?

You have 3 options of obtaining your Iranian visa for Australian Citizens:

• Visa on Arrival (at International airports of Iran)
• In advance through the Iranian Embassy in Canberra , Australia
• Obtaining your Iran Visa Grant before your travel and receiving your visa On Arrival at Iranian International airports.

Please Note: You cannot apply for a visa on arrival at land borders. So, if you intend to overland into Iran, you need to get your visa before arrival in Iran. (option 2)

#2 Iran Visa on Arrival (Airport Visa)

 Iran tourist visa is issued for single entry with a maximum stay of 30 days, which is extendable.

What You Need

There are a few things you need to have ready before arriving in Iran:

• Passport with at least 6 months of validity
• Onward ticket
• confirmed accommodation booking for at least the first 2 nights
• Valid Medical/Travel Insurance for Iran

Aside from the above, it is safe to have available:

• a passport photo
• Proof of funds for the duration of your stay in Iran

Please Note: Your travel insurance must specifically state “Iran” , and not just Worldwide, Middle East or Asia. No worries if you have not already obtained your medical insurance, as you can purchase one at the airport for a price of about 16 Euros.

For your accommodation , you can have your hosting hostel or hotel, etc. email you a confirmation letter of your stay to present as your lodging in Iran.

The Process of Iran Visa on Arrival

Upon getting off your flight, you will directly go to the Visa Office in the main hall. If you have not already obtained your Visa Grant Notice*, you will be asked to fill in a simple form of your basic information such as full name, passport number, address in Iran, occupation, etc.

Upon completion of the form, you will need to pay your visa fees in cash (USD or Euro) in the bank, next to the visa office, and receive a receipt of payment, with which you return to the visa office, wait in line and hand in all your paperwork to the visa officer. You will again wait until your passport is ready.

This process may take from less than an hour to 2-3 hours, depending on circumstances.

*Iran Visa Grant Notice is a letter of approval of your Iran visa application by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

An Example of an Iran Visa Grant Notice

Iran Visa on Arrival Fees for Australian Citizens

Iran Visa on Arrival Fees for Australian Citizens is 145 Euros (or the equivalent USD). You may also pay 5 USD for service fee.

• The payment is definitely in cash euros or dollars.
• Make sure to have your whole fund of your travel in Iran IN CASH .

#2 Iranian International Airports issuing Visa on Arrival

As an Australian, you have the option of acquiring your visa on arrival at the following Iranian international airports:

• Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport
• Tehran, Mehrabad International Airport
• Bandar Abbas
• Kish Island*
• Qeshm Island*

* For entry and stay up to 14 days in Islands of Kish and Qeshm, Australian among most nationalities do not need a visa. However, if you intend to enter mainland Iran, you will need to apply for Iran Visa.

Imam Khomeini International Airport – Tehran

#3 Electronic Visa (E-Visa) via Iranian Embassy in Canberra

Aside from visa on arrival, you also have the option of obtaining an E-Visa via the website of Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs .

Steps to get Iran E-Visa

• Complete Electronic Iran Visa Application Form via the MFA E-Visa .
• Receive your Iran Visa Grant Notice within 10 business days (at least 48 hours) via E-mail . Your Visa Grant Notice is valid for 30 days.
• Make sure the “Place of Lodgment” on the Visa Grant Notice is “Australia”
• Send the required documents to the Embassy of Iran in Canberra . ( You do NOT need to attend at the Embassy in person. Original passport is NOT needed. )
• Receive your Iran E-Visa via email within 14 days. ( Urgent applications take 3 days, and the processing fee differs .)
• Print out your E-visa and keep it during your entire stay in Iran.

Please check the official website of Iranian Embassy in Canberra , for detailed required documents, fees and address.

#4 Iran Visa Grant Notice for Visa on Arrival

You can apply for the E-Visa as instructed through the online application process, to receive your Iran Visa Grant Notice , a few days prior to your visit. Then, with a printed copy of the notice, you can receive your Visa upon arrival in Iran at the international airport of entry.

This way, your waiting time at the airport to receive your visa on arrival, as explained in option 1, can be significantly shorter.

• In this case, your “Place of Lodgment”, when completing the online form, needs to be the Iranian airport of your entry.

#5 Apply Independently or via a Travel Agency?

While you can independently apply for your visa to travel to Iran solo, you also have the option of leaving the visa matters to the authorized travel agency from which you have purchased your organized Iran tour package . The benefits are:

• They will take care of each step of obtaining your Iran Visa Grant Notice, which takes 2 to 3 days.
• Such option will preclude any probable mistake you may make due to not being familiar with the process.
• You can both receive your visa before arrival through the Iranian Embassy or on Arrival (depending how early you opt for the process.)

There are also agencies which can obtain your visa grant notice only, without the need to purchase an organized tour from them. In this case, there is an added service fee.

#6 Australian Tourists Share Their Iran Visa Experience

OliverAstralia from Australia (2016):

“On our trip to Iran in September, my partner and I got visas on arrival. We had confirmed hotel bookings with vouchers in Farsi and English. It only took us about 45 minutes to go through customs. … VOA was very easy for us and I was glad we had made the choice we did.” Source : Trip Advisor

MerryMegsy from Australia (2018):

“Just an update, we arrived in  Iran  today at Shiraz airport, we had our visa within 30 mins of arriving, all very easy to do and most helpful, the staff doing the process were very friendly.” Source : Trip Advisor 

#7 Do Not Hesitate to Ask Us

Should you have any further questions that have not been answered so far, feel free to leave us a comment.

If you wish, you can also take a look at our Iran Tour Packages

I had never loved my country more before I serendipitously found myself in tourism and took a sharp turn from my soulless job to give in to the magic of my home, Iran!

Jessie · June 17, 2019 at 5:21 pm

Hey, thanks for the helpful tips! I didn’t think visa on arrival would be this convenient. I am going to visit Iran in winter! Nice country you seem to have Keep up the good work!

Albert · June 25, 2019 at 5:52 pm

Hey! good job! my friends and I visited Iran a year ago, and we got our visas on arrival at Tehran airport, it took us about an hour to get our visa. the staff were friendly and helpful. Iran? totally recommended!

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Iran country brief

For the latest Australian Government travel advice for Iran, please visit the Smartraveller website .

Overview – bilateral relations

Australia has a long-standing bilateral relationship with Iran. We have maintained an uninterrupted diplomatic presence in Iran since our Embassy opened in Tehran in 1968. Iran has maintained a diplomatic presence in Australia since opening its Embassy in Canberra in 1971.

We continue to engage Iran in dialogue on a range of important issues, including human rights, people smuggling, terrorism, and regional issues.

Political overview

The 1979 Islamic revolution transformed Iran, abolishing the monarchy, and establishing an Islamic Republic. The political system now comprises both elected and unelected institutions. The Supreme Leader is Iran's highest political authority and is chosen by the Assembly of Experts, a body of 88 clerics (elected on a regional basis). The President, the unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly (or Majlis) and municipal councils are elected every four years on the basis of universal suffrage. Electoral candidates are vetted by the Guardian Council, which consists of six clerics appointed by the Supreme Leader, and six legal figures, appointed by the Head of the Judiciary and approved by the Majlis.

The Supreme Leader is responsible for choosing the Head of the Judiciary, setting general state policy, declaring war and peace, commanding the armed forces (including appointment of commanders, control of intelligence and security agencies) and holds the authority to initiate changes to the constitution. Iran's second and current Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, assumed the role in 1989, succeeding the 'father' of the 1979 revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini.

Ebrahim Raisi was elected Iran’s President in June 2021.

The Majlis has the power to initiate bills but the Guardian Council must approve all bills passed by the Majlis as consistent with Islamic law and the Iranian Constitution.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (nuclear deal)

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was signed on 14 July 2015 by Germany, France, the UK, the United States, Iran, China and Russia, following a complex two-year negotiation process.

On 16 January 2016, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) advised the UN Security Council, that Iran had complied with the provisions of the deal, which sought to ensure Iran's nuclear program was used exclusively for peaceful purposes. This brought about 'Implementation Day' of the JCPOA, the lifting of a number of UN, US and EU sanctions stipulated in the agreement, and the entry into effect of UN Security Council Resolution 2231 which endorsed the JCPOA.

On 8 May 2018, then US President, Donald Trump, announced that the US would cease participating in the JCPOA. The US subsequently re-imposed sanctions suspended under the agreement.

Since 2019, Iran has progressively taken steps to reduce its level of compliance with the JCPOA and cooperation with the IAEA.

Negotiating efforts for a sequenced return to compliance with the JCPOA have been ongoing since April 2021.

While not a signatory to the JCPOA, Australia supports the objectives of the nuclear deal, and its contribution to nuclear counter-proliferation and a rules-based international order.

Australia’s sanctions regime on Iran

Australia continues to implement certain sanctions in respect of Iran, pursuant to UN Security Council resolution 2231 (2015) and Australia's autonomous sanctions regime.

Australians considering commercial or other dealings with Iran should familiarise themselves with the operation of UN Security Council sanctions, Australia's autonomous sanctions, the sanctions laws of other countries, and seek independent legal advice before making commercial decisions. For more information, please see the  Iran sanctions regime  page.

The Australian Government remains deeply concerned about the human rights situation in Iran, including the continued use of the death penalty, in particular for juvenile offenders; treatment of women, girls and LGBTI people; violent crackdowns on protests; violations of political and media freedoms; and discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities.

The Government has repeatedly and strongly urged the Iranian authorities to respect the human rights of its citizens. Australia has expressed these concerns in both Canberra and Tehran, as well as in multilateral fora, including the UN General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council.

Please refer to the travel advice for Iran which advises that the security situation remains volatile and there is a high risk you could be arbitrarily detained or arrested.

Economic overview

Iran is a significant regional economy with a large population (estimated to be over 80 million). The economy is heavily dependent on hydrocarbon exports and dominated by the oil industry. As a result, economic growth has traditionally been strongly influenced by oil market developments. A goal of Iranian economic policy over the last 20 years or so has been diversification of the economy away from dependence on oil earnings. This effort is ongoing.

Large state-owned enterprises, including the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), dominate key industry sectors, and organisations controlled by religious foundations also account for a significant share of GDP. The private sector is generally confined to small and medium enterprises. The economic situation remains difficult.

The value of Australia's two-way goods and services trade with Iran was $205 million in the 2020-21 financial year. Traditionally, Iran has been one of Australia's leading wheat export destinations, and other primary exports include wool and meat.

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• Iran Visa for Australians 2024: Everything You Need to Know

• April 22, 2024 12:00 am

Are you an Australian citizen planning a trip to Iran? If so, you will need to obtain a visa before you can enter the country. Fortunately, the process of getting an Iran visa for Australians is straightforward with the right guidance and support. In this blog post, we will outline the steps of applying for an Iran visa for Australians.

Do Australians Need a Visa for Iran? 

Yes, Australian travelers need a visa to visit Iran. The visa allows Australians to stay in Iran for a maximum duration of 45 days. This requirement applies whether travelers are visiting for tourism, business, or other purposes. By obtaining the necessary visa, Australian visitors can explore Iran’s rich culture, history, and natural beauty within the specified time frame.

Types of Iran Visa for Australians 

Australians traveling to Iran have several visa options depending on the purpose of their visit.

• Tourist visa

Australians frequently opt for Tourist Visas , which allow them to explore Iran’s rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cities for leisure.

• Medical visa

Those Australians traveling to Iran for medical treatment can apply for a Medical Visa , which allows access to the country’s healthcare facilities and services.

• Business visa

Australians traveling for work-related activities such as attending meetings, conferences, or business engagements require a Business Visa . This visa facilitates conducting business in Iran while ensuring compliance with local regulations.

• Pilgrimage visa

For Australians undertaking religious journeys to sacred sites such as Mashhad or Qom, a Pilgrimage Visa is required. This visa facilitates travel for those wishing to visit Iran’s significant religious sites and participate in spiritual activities. Let us help you navigate the visa application process and find the right visa for your upcoming trip to Iran.

Requirements of Iran Visa for Australians

Australians applying for an Iran visa must gather and submit several essential documents to support their application. These requirements include:

• Passport: An Australian passport that is valid for at least six months beyond the intended stay in Iran.
• Visa Application Form: A completed form with accurate and up-to-date information. ( Iran visa application form )
• Passport-Sized Photo: A recent scanned photo with a white background.
• Proof of Travel Insurance: Proof of valid travel insurance that covers the trip to Iran.

Having these documents prepared in advance can help streamline the application process and ensure a smooth journey.

How to Get an Iran Visa for Australians

Australians can apply for an Iran visa online through the Iran e-visa portal or with the help of an authorized travel agency in Iran. The visa processing time typically takes 5-7 working days, after which applicants receive an Iran visa grant notice, also known as an Iran visa authorization code. With this code, Australians can collect their visa either at one of the Iranian embassies or upon arrival at one of the international airports in Iran. This streamlined process makes securing a visa straightforward and efficient.

Iran Airport Visa for Australians

Iran airport visa program allows citizens of Australia, along with citizens of many other countries, to pick up their visas upon arrival at one of the international airports in Iran. However, travelers must first apply for the visa online in advance to receive an authorization code. This application process is relatively quick, typically taking less than a week, and once the authorization code is secured, Australians can enjoy a hassle-free and expedited visa process upon arrival. This airport visa option offers an efficient and convenient way for Australians to begin their journey in Iran.

Cost of an Iran Visa for Australians? 

The cost of an Iran visa for Australians includes the application fee and the visa stamp fee , which varies depending on where the visa is collected. The application fee is 25 Euros. If the visa is picked up at the Iranian embassy in Canberra, the visa stamp fee is 260 Australian Dollars. If the visa is collected at one of the international airports in Iran, the collection fee is 150 US Dollars. Travelers should take these costs into account when planning their trip to Iran.

Iranian Embassy in Australia 

Australians who prefer to pick up their visas from the Iranian embassy in Australia can visit the embassy located in Canberra. Once they have received the authorization code for their visa, they can proceed to the embassy to collect their visa in person. The embassy provides a convenient option for those who wish to have their visas in hand before departing for Iran, ensuring all necessary documentation is in place for a smooth journey.

Address: 25 Culgoa Circuit, O’Malley ACT 2606

Tel: 02 62907000

Start Your Journey to Iran with us!

Are you ready to embark on an unforgettable journey to Iran? Let us take care of your visa application so you can focus on enjoying your trip. Contact us today to begin the visa application process and start planning your dream adventure in Iran!

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Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia

Thinking of traveling to Iran? Here at iVisa.com , we help you by giving you the information that you need for the steps for the Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia.

NOTE: We are not currently offering this service of Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia, but we will be soon! Keep checking back for more information on prices, etc.

Here you will find the most popular questions about this topic of the Iran eVisa . Let’s start!

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the covid-19 restrictions to enter iran.

As the COVID-19 restrictions are frequently changing, we recommend you check our product page to get up-to-date information about traveling to Iran.

What documents are required for an Iran evisa?

For the Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia you need these documents:

• An applicant photo.
• A current valid passport, with at least 6-month validity.
• A credit/debit card.

Can I enter Iran multiple times?

The Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia is a single entry, and you can stay a maximum of 30 days in Iran.

How long does it take to process my Iran eVisa?

At iVisa.com we offer 3 options that you can adapt to your needs. It is up to you to choose the best options:

• Standard Processing takes about 28 days to approve your application.
• Rush Processing takes around 22 days to approve your application.
• Super Rush Processing takes about 20 days to approve the online application.

How much is the cost for the online visa for Iran?

The cost depends on which of the 3 options you choose, the standard, the rush, or the super rush.

• Standard: With Standard Processing, the total cost is USD $56.99 .
• Rush: With Rush Processing, the total is USD $103.99 .
• Super Rush: With Super Rush Processing, the total is USD $175.99 .

Can I trust iVisa.com?

Of course, we want to accompany you in your travel process for the Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia, providing you with the necessary information for you to travel to Iran. You can learn more about us in our section reviews .

Where can I find more information?

If you have more questions about the Iran eVisa for Citizens of Australia, we are available 24/7 for you with our fantastic customer support team .

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Iran is a country in Western Asia that was formerly called Persia. Its official name is the Islamic Republic of Iran. The country's capital and largest city is Tehran. It has a population of more than 80 million. In addition to being a major financial center, Iran is home to many cultural and religious institutions. This is a great reason to visit the country, as well as to visit other cities in the region. If you are planning to visit the country's capital, include a stop at the famous Mt. Damavand. Tehran is filled with culture and traditions, which is why it is a popular place for travelers. The city is also known for its cosmopolitan and diverse population. Whether you want to see the sun rise or the sun set, you can find the perfect spot in Tehran.

For those who enjoy visiting historical sites and buildings, the country has many places worth seeing. The most famous is the Tabriz Bazaar, which has domed halls and a museum. While the Iranian government has a long list of places to visit in the country, Yazd is a must-see for travelers on the region. The city is located near the Persian Gulf and is popular with tourists from around the world. However, visitors should be aware of the cultural differences and the different regions that make it so appealing to travelers.

At this moment we don’t offer the Iran eVisa for citizens of Australia , but it will be available soon!

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• iVisa is NOT affiliated with any government agency. This site does not provide legal advice and we are not a law firm. None of our customer service representatives are lawyers and they also do not provide legal advice. We are a private, internet-based travel and immigration consultancy provider dedicated to helping individuals travel around the world. You may apply by yourself directly on the various government websites. The source of information: https://en.mfa.ir/

Update May 10, 2024

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Travel Advisory January 11, 2024

Iran - level 4: do not travel.

Updated to add the Terrorism Risk Indicator and risk of surrogacy tourism.

Do not travel to Iran due to the risk of terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping and the arbitrary arrest of U.S. citizens . Exercise increased caution due to wrongful detentions .  

Country Summary: U.S. citizens should not travel to Iran for any reason. U.S. citizens visiting or residing in Iran have been kidnapped, arrested, and detained on spurious charges.

Iranian authorities continue to unjustly detain and imprison U.S. nationals, particularly dual national U.S.-Iranian nationals--including students, journalists, business travelers, and academics--on charges including espionage and posing a threat to national security. Iranian authorities routinely delay consular access to detained U.S. nationals and consistently deny consular access to dual U.S.-Iranian nationals.

Violent extremist groups, including U.S. government-designated terrorist organizations, operate in Iran. ISIS and affiliated groups have claimed responsibility for bombings and other attacks in Iran. The threat of terrorist activity persists, as does the risk of death or injury to bystanders.

The U.S. government does not have diplomatic or consular relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The U.S. government is unable to provide routine or emergency consular services to U.S. citizens in Iran.

Companies offering surrogacy services in Iran are misrepresenting the security situation in Iran and the risks of the unregulated surrogacy tourism industry. Private companies that arrange such visits and services put U.S. citizens in danger.  

Due to the risks of operating civilian aircraft within or in the vicinity of Iran, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued a Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) and/or a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR). For more information U.S. citizens should consult the  Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions and Notices .

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Iran.

If you are currently in Iran:   

• Consider the risks involved in possessing dual  U.S. Iranian nationality .
• Review your personal security plan and visit our website for  Travel to High-Risk Areas .
• Draft a will and designate appropriate insurance beneficiaries and/or power of attorney.
• Discuss a plan with loved ones regarding care/custody of children, pets, property, belongings, non-liquid assets (collections, artwork, etc.), funeral wishes, etc.
• Establish your own personal security plan in coordination with your employer or host organization or consider consulting with a professional security organization.
• Leave DNA samples with your medical provider.
• Have a plan for departing Iran that does not rely on U.S. government assistance.
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter/X .
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

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Embassy of Switzerland – Foreign Interests Section

Pasdaran, Shahid Mousavi St. (Golestan 5 th) Corner of Paydarfard St., No. 55, Pasdaran Avenue Tehran, Iran Telephone: (98) (21) 2254-2178 and (98) (21) 2256-5273 Emergency Telephone: (41) (58) 465-3333 Fax: (98) (21) 2258-0432 Email:   [email protected] Website: www.eda.admin.ch/tehranfi Virtual Embassy Tehran

All consular services require prior appointments which can be made by phone. The Foreign Interests Section can be reached by phone Sunday through Thursday between 7:45 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.

The Foreign Interests Section does not issue U.S. visas or accept visa applications. The Foreign Interests Section provides limited consular services to U.S. citizens in Tehran including:

• Registering U.S. citizens;
• Responding to inquiries concerning the welfare and whereabouts of U.S. citizens in Iran;
• Rendering assistance in times of distress or physical danger;
• Providing U.S. citizens with passport and Social Security card applications and other citizenship forms for processing at the U.S. Embassy in Bern, Switzerland;
• Performing notarial services;
• Taking provisional custody of the personal effects of deceased U.S. citizens; and
• Providing Social Security Administration assistance to retired U.S. citizens residing in Iran.

Destination Description

See the Department of State’s Fact Sheet on Iran for information on U.S.-Iran relations.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

Before traveling to Iran, please consider the current Travel Advisory .

The Travel Advisory for Iran is Level 4, Do Not Travel. The Department of State recommends U.S. citizens do not travel to Iran due to the risk of terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping and the arbitrary arrest of U.S. citizens. Exercise increased caution due to wrongful detentions. 

Iranian authorities continue to wrongfully detain and imprison U.S. citizens, particularly U.S.-Iranian dual nationals, on charges including espionage and posing a threat to national security. Iranian authorities have also prevented the departure of U.S. citizens from Iran. U.S. citizens of Iranian origin should consider the risk of being targeted by authorities before planning travel to Iran. Iranian authorities routinely deny dual nationals access to the Foreign Interests Section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran because they consider dual nationals to be solely Iranian citizens.

U.S. passports are valid for travel to Iran. However, U.S.-Iranian dual nationals must enter and exit Iran on Iranian passports. As indicated above, the Iranian government does not recognize dual nationality and will treat U.S.-Iranian dual nationals solely as Iranian citizens. Iranian authorities may consider some U.S. citizens – even those without Iranian passports who do not consider themselves to be Iranian – to be Iranian nationals.  

U.S. government employees, including contractors, are strictly prohibited from traveling to Iran without prior authorization from the Department of State.

U.S.-Iranian dual nationals should obtain, in their Iranian passports, the necessary visas for the countries they will transit on their return trip to the United States so that if the U.S. passports are confiscated in Iran, they may depart Iran with their Iranian passports. These individuals can then apply for new U.S. passports in the country they are transiting.  

U.S. citizens residing in Iran on permanent resident visas must obtain an exit permit each time they depart Iran, regardless of the period of stay. All Iranian passport holders are required to pay an exit tax. More specific information on Iranian passport and exit permit requirements may be obtained from the Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington, D.C.

The Iranian civil code states that women who marry Iranian men acquire Iranian nationality. If the marriage takes place in Iran, the woman’s U.S. passport may be confiscated by Iranian authorities. A woman must have the consent of her husband to leave Iran or, in his absence, consent from another suitable authority. The Foreign Interests Section of the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran can provide only limited assistance if a U.S. citizen woman married to an Iranian man encounters difficulty in leaving Iran. In addition, if marriage to an Iranian citizen is not officially recognized by the Iranian government, the couple will be committing the crime of adultery if they travel together, the maximum penalty for which is death.

Please contact the Swiss Embassy or appropriate Iranian authorities for special circumstances cases involving divorce and custody rights in Iran.

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to Iran. If you intend to reside in Iran, you must submit to a blood test, which may include an HIV test, in order to apply for a residency permit. Permits will be refused if the HIV test is positive.

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction , and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

As noted in the Travel Advisory for Iran, U.S. citizens visiting or residing in Iran face a significant threat of kidnapping or arrest and detention on spurious charges.

U.S. citizens who travel to Iran despite the Travel Advisory should exercise caution throughout the country, but especially in the southeastern region where foreigners have been victims of criminal gangs. U.S. citizens should avoid travel to areas within 100 kilometers of the border with Afghanistan, near the Iraq border, and generally anywhere east of the line from Bam and Bandar Abbas toward the Pakistani border.

Terrorism: In Iran, there is potential for death or injury because of terrorist attacks. Violent extremist groups, including U.S. government-designated terrorist organizations, operate in Iran. ISIS and affiliated groups have claimed responsibility for bombings and other attacks in Iran. The threat of terrorist activity persists, as does the risk of death or injury to bystanders. Additionally, Iran is a designated state-sponsor of terrorism.

For more information, see our Terrorism page.

Crime: Foreigners occasionally become victims of petty street crime, including robberies and bag-snatchings, in Iran. There have been reports of robberies by police impersonators, usually in civilian clothing. Insist on seeing the officer’s identity card and request the presence of a uniformed officer/marked patrol car. Travelers should take the following precautions:

• Do not surrender any documents or cash;
• Make a copy of your U.S. passport (biographical data page and the page with your Iranian visa) and keep it separate from your original passport;
• Do not carry large amounts of hard currency while on the streets;
• Keep important documents such as passports and valuables in hotel safes or other secure locations;
• Take pre-booked taxis, which are safer than those hailed from the street;
• Check with your hotel or tour guide for information on local scams; and
• Do not buy counterfeit or pirated goods, even if they are widely available. Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, purchasing them may also violate local law.

Demonstrations occur sporadically. They may take place in response to political or economic issues, on politically significant holidays, and during international events. Past demonstrations have turned violent.

• As demonstrations can be unpredictable, avoid areas around protests and demonstrations.
• Check local media for updates and traffic advisories.

Iranian security personnel may at times place foreign visitors under surveillance. Hotel rooms, telephones, computers, fax machines, and other electronics may be monitored, and personal possessions in hotel rooms may be searched. The Iranian authorities may also confiscate cell phones, computers, and other devices. U.S. citizens should consider not taking electronic devices to Iran or deleting personal information from them beforehand.

Disaster Preparedness: Iran is prone to earthquakes, many of them severe. To learn more about the seismic regions of Iran, including the most recent earthquakes, please visit the U.S. Geological Survey website .

International Financial Scams: See the Department of State and the FBI pages for information.

Victims of Crime:

Report crimes to the local police by dialing 110 and contact the Embassy of Switzerland’s Foreign Interests Section at (98) (21) 2254-2178. Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting the crime.

The local equivalent to the “911” emergency line in Iran is: 115 for ambulance service, 125 for fire, and 110 for police. English speakers, however, are generally unavailable.

See our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

The Department of State, through the Embassy of Switzerland’s Foreign Interests Section, can:

• Replace a stolen or lost passport;
• Help you find appropriate medical care;
• Assist you in reporting a crime to the police;
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent;
• Explain the local criminal justice process in general terms;
• Provide a list of local attorneys;
• Provide our information on victim’s compensation programs in the United States; and 
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States.

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence are encouraged to contact the Embassy of Switzerland’s Foreign Interests Section for assistance. U.S. citizens should note that the Foreign Interests Section may be able to provide limited assistance only and that Iranian law does not prohibit domestic violence.

Tourism: The tourism industry is unevenly regulated, and safety inspections for equipment and facilities do not commonly occur. Hazardous areas/activities are not always identified with appropriate signage, and staff may not be trained or certified either by the host government or by recognized authorities in the field. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is typically available only in/near major cities. First responders are generally unable to access areas outside of major cities and to provide urgent medical treatment. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance. See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage .

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Long prison terms and solitary confinement are common as are punishments including execution, amputation, flogging, blinding, stoning, and fines. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.

Examples of local laws that you may be unfamiliar with include:

• Former Muslims who have converted to other religions, as well as persons who encourage Muslims to convert, are subject to arrest and possible execution;
• Drinking, possession of alcoholic beverages, and drugs are illegal. Penalties for possession, use, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Iran are severe and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines. Iran executes many people each year on drug-related charges. Penalties for the possession, use, or smuggling of alcoholic beverages may include fines, jail time, or flogging;
• Men and women must adhere to the government-sanctioned dress code; this includes covered hair, arms, and legs for women. The government considers the failure to adhere to its dress code and public displays of affection to be crimes;
• Relations between non-Muslim men and Muslim women are illegal, as are adultery and sex outside of marriage, which are punishable by the death penalty;
• Data storage devices (e.g. DVDs, SD cards) depicting sexual relations and magazines showing unveiled women are forbidden;
• Photography near military and other government installations is strictly prohibited and could result in serious criminal charges, including espionage, which carries the death penalty;
• Importation of pork products is banned; and
• Insulting the government or Muslim faith is strictly forbidden, including on social media. Such violations of Iranian law may result in imprisonment.

Carry a copy of your U.S. passport (biodata page and page with Iranian visa) and some other form of identification with you at all times so that, if questioned by local officials, proof of U.S. citizenship is readily available.

If you are arrested while in Iran, request that the police and prison officials notify the Foreign Interests Section at the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran immediately to ensure that the United States is aware of your circumstances. Under Iranian law, detainees may also request legal representation, although the authorities sometimes fail to allow timely access to attorneys. 

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.

Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal: The Iranian government reportedly has the names of all individuals who filed claims against Iran at the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal at The Hague pursuant to the 1981 Algerian Accords. In addition, the Iranian government reportedly has compiled a list of the claimants who were awarded compensation in the Iran Claims Program administered by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. The Iranian government has allegedly been targeting award-holders who travel to Iran. Some former claimants have reported being questioned by Iranian authorities upon their entry into Iran as to the status of payment of their respective awards with a view to recouping the award money. The Iranian government has also reportedly threatened to prevent U.S. claimants who visit Iran from departing the country until they repay their award.

Dual Nationality: U.S. citizens who also possess Iranian citizenship are subject to laws that impose special obligations on citizens of Iran, such as military service or taxes. Iranian-citizen males aged 18-34 are required to perform military service, unless exempt. Young men who have turned 17 years of age will not be allowed to leave Iran without completing their military service.

Money: Non-Iranian credit cards and bank cards cannot be used in Iran. You will not be able to access U.S. or foreign bank accounts using ATMs in Iran. You can exchange U.S. dollars for rials, either at banks or with certified money changers. There is no Western Union or similar institution, and bank transfers are not possible. Due to economic sanctions on Iran, U.S. financial institutions have been known to block or freeze accounts accessed via the Internet from Iran.

Communication: Pre-paid overseas calling cards are available at most newsagents. The Internet is widely used in Iran. There are Internet cafes in most hotels; however, usage may be monitored. The Iranian government blocks access to many social media sites.

Sanctions: U.S. government economic sanctions prohibit most economic activity between U.S. citizens and Iran. The U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has posted to its website frequently asked questions (FAQs) that provide guidance on U.S. sanctions related to Iran. For further information, consult OFAC’s Iran sanctions resource page or contact OFAC’s Compliance Programs Division at 202-622-2490 or obtain information via fax at 202-622-0077.

For information concerning licensing of imports or exports, contact OFAC’s Licensing Division at by phone at 202-622-2480 or fax at 202-622-1657.

Faith-Based Travelers: Freedom of religion, belief, or non-belief is not protected in Iran. See the following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad   

LGBTQI+ Travelers: Same-sex relationships in Iran are criminalized and are punishable by death, flogging, or a lesser punishment. LGBTQI+ individuals are often subject to violence and the law does not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics or recognize LGBTQI+ individuals, couples, or families.

See our LGBTQI+ Travel Information page and section 6 of our Human Rights report for further details.

Travelers with Disabilities: The law in Iran prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual or mental disabilities, and the law is enforced. Social acceptance of persons with disabilities in public is not as prevalent as in the United States. The most common types of accessibility may include accessible facilities and access to services. Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, communication/information, and general infrastructure.

Students: See our Students Abroad page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: See our travel tips for Women Travelers .

Women in Iran lack certain basic rights such as the freedom to choose their style of dress and restrictions on freedoms of expression and assembly. Gender-based violence is more common in Iran than the U.S., especially in rural areas, and reports of this violence in recent years have steadily increased. “Honor killings” or other harmful practices involving mostly women killed by their male relatives in the name of preserving the family’s “honor” are known to occur. There are also reports of fathers or relatives forcing their female family members to enter a marriage against their will. Domestic violence remains a taboo subject in Iran, and Iranian law does not prohibit domestic violence. Hijab enforcement in Iran is becoming stricter. The Government has deployed Hijab enforcers in public to ensure compliance. Hijab defiance has led to assault, arrest and even death. 

For emergency services in Iran, dial 115.

Ambulance services are

• Widely available but training and availability of emergency responders may be below U.S. standards;
• Not equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment; and 
• Injured or seriously ill travelers may prefer to take a taxi or private vehicle to the nearest major hospital rather than wait for an ambulance.  

We do not pay medical bills. Be aware that U.S. Medicare does not apply overseas. Most hospitals and doctors overseas do not accept U.S. health insurance.

Medical Insurance: Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See our webpage for more information on insurance providers for overseas coverage . Visit the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more information on type of insurance you should consider before you travel overseas.

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation.

Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription. Check with the Ministry of Health to ensure the medication is legal in Iran.

Basic medical care and medicine are available in the principal cities but may not be available in rural areas in Iran. Medical facilities do not meet U.S. standards and sometimes lack medicine and supplies.

Vaccinations:  Be up-to-date on all  vaccinations  recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy 

• Companies offering surrogacy services, an unregulated industry, are misrepresenting the security situation in Iran. Private companies that arrange such visits and services put U.S. citizens at risk.
• If you are considering traveling to Iran to have a child through use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) or surrogacy, please see our ART and Surrogacy Abroad webpage . Carefully consider the length of time needed to obtain a newborn’s required civil documents to avoid any unintended overstay of your visa.

Air Quality

• Air pollution is a significant problem in several major cities in Iran particularly in Ahvaz, Tehran, and Zabol. Consider the impact seasonal smog and heavy particulate pollution may have on you and consult your doctor before traveling if necessary.
• Infants, children, and teens;
• People over 65 years of age;
• People with lung disease such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema;
• People with heart disease or diabetes; and
• People who work or are active outdoors.

Water Scarcity: Iran has a water scarcity issue throughout the country, largely impacting rural communities. Iran is prone to significant droughts in the hot summer months. In cities outside of Tehran, water may be harder to obtain given the availability in those regions and larger water reserves servicing the capital. Tap water in Iran is relatively safe, however it is recommended to consume bottled water, which is regularly available. 

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:   While in Iran, you may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States. Travelers in possession of International Driver’s Permits may drive in Iran, though the Foreign Interests Section in Iran does not recommend that tourists do so. Iran has a very high rate of traffic accidents, the second highest cause of mortality in the country. Drivers throughout Iran tend to ignore traffic lights, traffic signs, and lane markers. Urban streets are not well lit; it is therefore particularly dangerous to drive at night. Sidewalks in urban areas exist only on main roads and are usually obstructed by parked cars. In residential areas, few sidewalks exist. Drivers almost never yield to pedestrians at crosswalks. If you are involved in an accident, no matter how minor, do not leave the scene; wait until the police arrive to file a report.

Traffic Laws: Iranian authorities sometimes set up informal roadblocks, both in cities and on highways, often manned by young, inexperienced officers who are suspicious of foreigners. Carry identification with you and avoid getting into disputes.

See our Road Safety page for more information.

Aviation Safety Oversight: As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Iran, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the government of Iran’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to Iran should check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the  U.S. Coast Guard homeport  website, and the  NGA broadcast warnings website.

Port Security: The Commandant of the Coast Guard has determined that effective anti-terrorism measures are not in place in Iranian ports and has imposed conditions of entry on vessels that arrive in U.S. ports having visited ports in Iran. Mariners and passengers traveling through the ports of Iran should exercise increased caution.

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

Review information about International Parental Child Abduction in Iran . For additional IPCA-related information, please see the International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA ) report.

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Here's Every Destination Americans Can Travel To Without A Visa In 2024

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Americans are back to traveling in droves now that the travel landscape is back to normal, excluding, of course, the state of conflict in some countries and the unpredictable realm of geopolitics, which keeps changing unpredictably by the minute.

Lucky for the average U.S. passport holder looking to escape the daily humdrum, there are very few limits as to where they can go.

Most countries now welcome them with open arms and are easing visa rules further, but that does not apply to all .

In fact, Americans need visas or electronic travel authorizations (ETAs) to travel to a number of popular destinations, including Australia, where an ETA is required, and Egypt, where a visa must be purchased on arrival, and that's only two examples.

The days of travel restrictions may be in the past, but that does not mean international travel is always completely seamless.

So, if you are wondering where Americans can travel to without any pre-existing requirements simply by holding a valid passport, this list may prove useful to you :

Let's start with the most restrictive continent for travelers: though Africa is widely known among Americans for transformative journeys, a wild undisturbed nature, and unmatched ethnic diversity, it is perhaps the hardest region to travel .

A majority of African countries still require Americans to obtain visas or eVisas in advance, an arduous process that may involve accessing outdated websites that are not fully functional, traveling to the nearest Consulate, paying expensive fees (as high as $200), and stressful border crossings.

There are only 15 destinations U.S. citizens can access completely visa-free, and interestingly enough, the continent's leading attraction is not one of them: arriving in Egypt, Americans must purchase a physical single or multiple-entry visa at the airport, with prices starting from $25.

Home to Mount Kilimanjaro, a bucket list African landmark, and the UNESCO-listed Zanzibar island, Tanzania, too, requires Americans to pay a visa fee for entering, at an even higher rate of $50; even global safari capital Kenya has eVisa arrangements in place.

Fortunately, not all African countries make it harder and more bureaucratic for U.S. citizens to enter, with subtropical Morocco, an Arab country straddling both the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts and the cultural hotspot that is South Africa allowing them to enter without visas.

The full list can be found below:

• Central African Republic
• Sao Tome and Principe
• South Africa

Traveling Africa may prove challenging for most Americans, unless they a bunch of pre-obtained visas in hand, and plenty of blank passport pages to use up, but if it's any consolation, exploring their own continent couldn't be easier.

There is only one country in the whole of the mainland Americas where they cannot enter unless holding a valid tourist visa, and that is Venezuela , which in recent years has not exactly had friendly relations with the United States or most of its Southern neighbors, for that matter.

As for every other destination in the New World, Americans may come and go as they please, seeing they are not bound by restrictive entry rules and visa requirements, be in the form of entry authorizations or Consulate-issued permits.

From sunny Mexico down to tropical Colombia, they are eligible for hassle-free entry provided they carry a U.S. passport, and in these two countries in particular, their permitted length of stay can be as long as six months , sure to make slow travelers and digital nomads happy.

With that being said, Brazil, the largest South American country is now mulling over introducing a tourist visa for Americans, that would in theory make it impossible for them to visit unless holding a pre-obtained authorization, though that is not yet being enforced .

For 2024, these are all the North and South American countries U.S. nationals can visit without visa restrictions:

• El Salvador

Asia is the perfect spot for Americans looking to immerse themselves in an entirely different culture and escape their mundane Western worries, but unfortunately for blue passport holders, unlike Africa, the list of visa-free countries in the continent of friendly smiles is not as limited.

The most obvious odd one out is China, which requires U.S. nationals to apply for a physical visa in order to enter, a bureaucratic process that typically involves a visit to a Consulate, where applicants must present documentation and be interviewed unless they are merely transiting through.

Fortunately, a majority of destinations across Asia are open to hosting Americans bureaucracy-free , and though there may be an entry form or an eVisa to be filled out here and there, these can be easily obtained online by paying a fee and with minimal hassle.

One such example is Vietnam, where U.S. travelers are not allowed to enter unless holding a valid eVisa.

On the brightside, the maximum length of stay for visa applicants traveling to the Southeast Asian gem in 2024 has been extended from 30 days to 3 months.

Exercising sovereignty over Bali, a popular wellness retreat and paradisaical island, Indonesia also requires Americans to purchase a visa, either online in advance or upon arrival at the airport, as does Cambodia and Laos; thus, they do not qualify for the list.

• Philippines
• South Korea

The Caribbean

Going abroad, there is truly nowhere most Americans would rather be than the tropical Caribbean, a turquoise-blue ocean littered with paradisaical islands, some of which are countries in their own right and others that are autonomous territories of larger states.

With the exception of Cuba , they are free to roam around the territory freely, usually by presenting a valid passport. In the communist state, however, they are officially discouraged from visiting by U.S. authorities, and those who do must purchase a ‘Tourist Card'.

Similarly to a visa, a Cuban Tourist Card can be obtained at a Cuban embassy or consular mission, or at the airport prior to departure, though the latter option is not advised as not all airlines and service providers are licensed to issue the document.

In some cases, the travel agency you book your Cuba trip with could be the one applying for the card.

As you might suspect, this requirement makes Fidel Castro's homeland the hardest country for U.S. tourists to enter in the Caribbean.

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
• British Virgin Islands
• Cayman Islands
• Dominican Republic
• French West Indies
• Puerto Rico*
• St. Kitts and Nevis
• St. Maarten
• St. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Turks and Caicos Islands
• U.S. Virgin Islands*

Out of all the continents, Europe is easily where Americans will find it easier to travel around, with all but three countries granting them visa-free entry: in fact, a majority of Europen states is a member of the European Union, one of the United States' most trusted partners.

Whether they're off to Italy to chase Mediterranean sunsets and rugged drives as they eat gelato, or they're ticking off fairytale German castles off the list, U.S. passport holders do not have to worry about obtaining entry permits in advance ( at least for now ).

In the future, the EU will require them to apply for a travel authorization before flying, and that's still not a visa – it's an online form that needs to be filled coupled with a small, symbolic fee that actually exempts them from a regular visa – but as of this year, travel is still completely bureaucracy-free.

As for the exceptions, perhaps it's not a surprise that Russia and Belarus would bar entry to American travelers unless they've been pre-screened at a Consulate and have obtained a visa in advance, and it's not like there are many travelers going to these war-raging countries these days, anyway.

The third European – or marginally European – country that is not listed under the visa-free agreements is Azerbaijan , the southernmost of the Caucasus states, a region between Eastern Europe and Western Asia: in order to enter, Americans must apply for an eVisa valid for only 30 days .

• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Liechtenstein
• Netherlands
• North Macedonia
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom
• Vatican City

Middle East

The Westernmost part of Asia, the Middle East is often treated as its own subcontinent, and similarly to the wider continent, it can be trickier to navigate if you're an American, not only due to complex visa rules, but also conflicts or anti-American sentiment.

Visiting Iraq, Jordan or Kuwait, you will be required to apply for a visa on arrival, with prices and passport requirements varying between countries, and even some of the visa-free destinations, like Lebanon and disputed Palestine, carry their own significant risks.

The war between Israel and Hamas has made the Jewish state equally high-risk for Americans to travel, especially now that Iran is weighing in .

We would definitely not encourage you to visit Iran, where Americans have been known to be arbitrarily arrested and accused of crimes despite being innocent and being aware of the multiple kidnapping cases, and only cross the Yemeni border at your own risk.

That being said, there are plenty more Middle Eastern countries that are risk-free .

These include visa-free Turkiye , home to the fascinating cross-continental city of Istanbul and the coastal resort of Antalya, the United Arab Emirates , with its futuristic Dubai, and the increasingly trendy Saudi Arabia: they are all formally neutral in the conflict, and they all warmly welcome American tourists.

• Saudi Arabia
• Turkiye (formerly spelled Turkey)
• United Arab Emirates

Yet another subcontinent – not formally a continent, but rather a geopolitical concept – Oceania is arguably the most peaceful territory on Earth in 2024, with no wars , low levels of crime, and limited travel restrictions imposed.

Americans can travel visa-free to most sovereign Oceanic states and self-governing, non-independent islands, including French Polynesia and New Caledonia, which are part of France, and the Cook Islands, which belong to New Zealand.

They even enjoy freedom of movement across State-Governed collectivities.

The two ‘big' countries in Oceania, Australia and New Zealand, do not grant unrestricted entry to Americans on the basis of holding a U.S. passport alone: applicants must have an Electronic Travel Authorization before boarding.

This is an easy requirement to fulfill, however, as it is easily obtained online, and it does not equal a visa. As for the rest of the Oceanic destinations, bar three – Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, and Nauru – presenting an American passport at the border is generally all the documentation you need.

• American Samoa*
• Australia**
• Cook Islands (New Zealand)**
• Eastern Island (Chile)
• French Polynesia (France)
• New Caledonia (France)
• New Zealand**
• Marshall Islands*
• Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom)

Vinicius Costa

Vini, our senior lead writer at Travel Off Path, has over 60+ countries under his belt (and currently weaving tales from Paris!), and a knack for turning off-the-beaten-path experiences into informative stories that will have you packing your bags.

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Win for Albanese government as high court rules indefinite detention legal in non-cooperation cases

High court dismisses challenge from Iranian asylum seeker, ruling that detention is lawful if non-citizens refuse to cooperate in deportation process

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Labor has won a major victory in the high court over the indefinite detention of non-citizens who refuse to cooperate with removal, but the win has put further in doubt its push for new deportation powers .

On Friday, the high court ruled detention is lawful in the case of ASF17, an Iranian asylum seeker who refused to cooperate with efforts to deport him because he “fears for his life” because he is bisexual, Christian and a Faili Kurd.

The court unanimously held detention is lawful if deportation would be possible were the detainee to decide to cooperate in the undertaking of administrative processes necessary to facilitate their removal. The case was dismissed with costs.

The decision closes the door on asylum seeker advocates’ attempt to argue that detention is not lawful if a person refuses to cooperate because they have a genuine fear of persecution if deported, but leaves open further challenges by detainees with protection findings.

The win has sparked trouble for the Albanese government’s deportation bill, with the Greens arguing there is now no need for it and the shadow home affairs minister, James Paterson, saying the “urgency is gone” and there is “no excuse” to rush it through.

In November the high court ruled in the NZYQ decision that indefinite immigration detention is unlawful where there is “no real prospect of the removal” of a person from Australia “becoming practicable in the reasonably foreseeable future”.

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The decision set off a political firestorm, resulting the release of 153 immigration detainees . New statistics, released on Friday, reveal 76 of these are subject to electronic monitoring and 68 have a curfew, visa conditions which are also subject to a high court challenge .

In the ASF17 case, the commonwealth sought to establish non-cooperation with removal is a justification to keep people in detention. In March Guardian Australia revealed a leaked internal estimate that more than 170 could be freed if the commonwealth had lost the case.

In a joint judgment, six justices including chief justice Stephen Gageler said that “ASF17 could be removed to Iran if he cooperated in the process of obtaining the requisite travel documents from Iranian authorities”.

“He has decided not to cooperate. He has the capacity to change his mind. He chooses not to do so.”

They held that “continuing detention for a non-punitive purpose that is occurring because of a voluntary decision of the detainee cannot be characterised as penal or punitive”.

The six judges said that if no protection finding has been made in favour of the detainee, then “a claim on the part of a detainee facing removal to fear harm in a country to which the detainee might be removed is insufficient to preclude removal to that country irrespective of whether that claim might be found on investigation to be genuine or well-founded”.

Justice James Edelman – who wrote a separate but concurring judgment – said the high court could not revisit the “factual basis” upon which the federal court had rejected that ASF17 had a well-founded fear of persecution.

He said only “executive decisions” by the minister, such as to give him a visa, could bring an end to his continuing detention “pending his consent to be returned to a country where he might be executed if he were to express, privately and consensually, what has been found to be his genuine sexual identity”.

In a statement the immigration minister, Andrew Giles, said the government had “fought strongly to defend our position in the high court” and welcomed its unanimous decision.

The Greens’ immigration spokesperson, David Shoebridge, told reporters in Canberra the decision “completely removes” the case for Labor’s deportation bill.

In a statement the opposition, which has proposed extensive amendments to the bill but not stated a final position, said it is “not in a form suitable to become” law and “needs to be improved before it can be passed”.

Giles rejected claims the bill was no longer necessary and the Coalition’s “incoherent” amendments.

Giles told reporters in Melbourne the bill “puts in place a requirement to cooperate” with removal, a “gap that remained open for too long”. “It’s a commonsense solution to a real problem.”

Giles confirmed the government will put the bill to a vote, arguing the onus was on Peter Dutton to “do the right thing to help us manage our migration system and keep the community safer”.

• Australian immigration and asylum
• Law (Australia)
• Australian politics
• Labor party

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Iranian man loses bid to be freed from Australian immigration detention

Court rules detention can be justified when an individual is refusing to cooperate in their deportation.

Australia’s High Court has dismissed a closely-watched bid by an Iranian asylum seeker demanding to be released from immigration detention because he feared being held indefinitely.

The man has been resisting deportation from Australia since 2018, arguing that he would be at risk because of his sexual orientation and religious beliefs.

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Known only as ASF17, he took legal action after a ruling last November in favour of a detained Rohingya man that found detention with no reasonable prospect of release or deportation was illegal. The finding led to dozens of people being freed from immigration detention centres.

But on Friday, the High Court ruled unanimously that ASF17’s case was different, noting that his continued detention was the result of his decision not to cooperate in his deportation.

“ASF17 could be removed to Iran if he cooperated in the process of obtaining the requisite travel documents from Iranian authorities,” public broadcaster ABC reported the judges as saying. “He has decided not to cooperate. He has the capacity to change his mind. He chooses not to do so.”

They noted that the Australian government had assessed him not to be in need of protection.

The case was being closely followed by refugee advocacy groups and the government, with dozens more people likely to be freed if the court ruled in the Iranian’s favour.

Immigration Minister Andrew Giles welcomed the court’s decision, saying the government had “fought strongly” to defend its position in the case. Government lawyers had questioned the man’s claim to be at risk and argued that detention was justified when someone was not cooperating in their removal.

“We welcome today’s unanimous decision of the Court, which has found that individuals who are not cooperating with their own removal are able to remain in immigration detention until they are removed from Australia,” Giles said in a statement. “Community safety continues to be our highest priority, and we will continue to take all necessary steps to keep Australians as safe as possible.”

ASF17, who is now 37, arrived in Australia more than a decade ago on a small boat. He said he had fled Iran after his wife caught him having sex with a man.

Under Operation Sovereign Borders, people arriving by boat are detained in prison-like facilities, some of them offshore with no chance of ever being settled in Australia.

High Court dismisses key challenge to indefinite immigration detention. What does it mean?

Senior lecturer, international migration and refugee law, University of Technology Sydney

Associate professor, law, University of Technology Sydney

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Sara Dehm receives funding from the Australian Research Council.

Anthea Vogl receives funding from the Australian Research Council and the Commonwealth Departure of Health and Aged Care.

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The High Court unanimously ruled today that the Australian government can keep asylum seekers in immigration detention indefinitely in cases where they do not “voluntarily” cooperate with their own deportation.

This includes, for example, when a person refuses to apply for travel documents due to a longstanding fear for their life if returned to their home country.

At the crux of today’s ruling is the legal fiction that indefinite immigration detention can remain “non-punitive” and legitimate if a person is detained for the “purpose” of their eventual removal from Australia – even if the human effects of this detention are harmful and experienced as punishment.

The decision places a significant limit on the precedent set by last year’s landmark High Court ruling that indefinite immigration detention is unlawful if there is “no real prospect” of a person’s deportation in the foreseeable future.

Read more: The government wanted to avoid an inquiry into its deportation bill. Given the findings, it's easy to see why

What did the case involve?

The case centred around “ASF17”, a bisexual Iranian man who has been held in closed immigration detention in Australia for more than ten years. Although Iran criminalises homosexual activity, ASF17 was found not to be a refugee under Australia’s fast-track asylum claim process, which many experts have deemed to be flawed and discriminatory .

Under Australian law, the government is required to deport ASF17 as soon as reasonably practicable back to Iran – or release him from detention if there is “no real prospect” of deportation.

The government argued before the court, however, that it was not required to release him because he was not cooperating in his own deportation. He had refused to seek the required travel documents from the Iranian government.

The Australian government argued that ASF17 could bring his indefinite detention to an end at any time by voluntarily returning to Iran, or by taking the necessary steps to allow the government to deport him.

ASF17’s lawyers argued he had “good reason” for not cooperating with his own deportation – he feared for his life if he returned to Iran. As he stated during cross-examination during the case:

if I didn’t fear harm, I wouldn’t have stayed in this camp for 10 years. I would have quickly gone back to begin with the first day. Who […] will leave their family and prefer the prison?

ASF17 was prepared to be deported to any country other than Iran. And Iran would not have even allowed him to return, as it does not accept forced or involuntary deportations of its citizens from other countries.

The Australian government acknowledged there was no reasonable prospect of him being sent anywhere else.

What did the High Court decide?

The court found there was still a “real prospect” of ASF17’s removal, given it depended in part on his conduct. Central to the court’s verdict was how it characterised ASF17’s position:

He has decided not to cooperate. He has the capacity to change his mind. He chooses not to do so.

The court held that in such circumstances, detention remained “non-punitive” and therefore lawful. By making this finding, the court was basically saying that the constitutional limit on the government’s power to keep a person in indefinite detention does not apply in such cases.

The court emphasised the language of choice and capacity, saying it has to be within “the power” of the detainee to decide not to assist in their own deportation. The court left open an exception for those who are medically incapacitated.

Although it was an unanimous verdict, Justice James Edelman did provide a separate reasoning that stressed the possible “gaps” in the Migration Act for recognising refugees. This included where the asylum process might have overlooked key issues. Or, in cases where a decision to refuse refugee status is “flawed” but upheld for other reasons, such as the person travelled to Australia on a forged document.

While Edelman stressed the High Court could not revisit the “factual basis” of ASF17’s asylum case, he noted the immigration minister could still exercise discretion to allow his claim to be reassessed or grant him a visa.

Edelman said this was an alternative to keeping ASF17 in detention until he provided consent

to be returned to a country where he might be executed if he were to express, privately and consensually, what has been found to be his genuine sexual identity.

Implications of the decision

Today’s decision reflects the government’s relentless campaign to limit the effects of last year’s High Court ruling that indefinite immigration detention was unlawful. This decision led to the immediate release of over a hundred people.

The controversial draft legislation now before parliament is widely seen as a direct response to ASF17’s case. If passed, the legislation will compel a person in immigration detention to cooperate in their own deportation. The bill goes much further than the High Court’s decision, however, by making refusal to cooperate in deportation a criminal offence.

The ASF17 case also highlights the moral contradictions between Australia’s international and domestic politics.

Australia has imposed sanctions against members of the Iranian regime responsible for egregious human rights abuses and violations. In 2022, a Senate Committee report recommended the Australian government increase the number of visas offered to Iranians with a:

particular focus on women, girls and persecuted minorities seeking to escape the regime. Iranians in Australia on temporary visas who cannot safely return to Iran due to the current crisis and policies of the [Iranian regime] should not be required to do so.

Yet, rather than doing just that in ASF17’s case, the government continues to treat Iranian asylum seekers with suspicion. In fact, the bill before parliament would even make it possible for the immigration minister to apply a blanket ban on all people from countries that refuse to accept the return of deported citizens, such as Iran.

As a result of today’s decision, up to 200 people may remain indefinitely detained. The decision also impacts thousands of others who have been denied asylum by the flawed “fast-track process” and have been living in the Australian community for over a decade, but fear returning to their home nations due to persecution.

Ultimately, the decision is a missed opportunity to move away from Australia’s harmful use of immigration detention that allows for some people to be detained their entire lives.

Correction: This story has been amended to correct the spelling of Justice James Edelman.

• Immigration detention
• Asylum seeker

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