different types of active cruise control

Demystifying Adaptive Cruise Control: A Comprehensive Guide

As an auto tech expert and self-driving car enthusiast, I often get asked about Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and how exactly it works to automatically adjust your car‘s speed. ACC is one of the coolest semi-autonomous technologies available today, making highway drives safer and less stressful. But it‘s also complex under the hood!

In this comprehensive guide, I‘ll give you an in-depth look at ACC – how it works, different types, key benefits, limitations, and what the future holds for adaptive cruise and autonomous driving.

ACC 101 – Adjusting Speed to the Car in Front

ACC uses radar, laser sensors or cameras to monitor the vehicle ahead and adjust your speed accordingly to maintain a preset following distance. If the vehicle in front slows, so does your car – automatically! ACC reduces the constant manual braking and acceleration required in heavy traffic.

Here‘s a quick ACC capability comparison:

ACC delivers a major safety and convenience upgrade from old cruise control technology first introduced in the 1950s. Let‘s look under the hood at how ACC performs this speed adaptation trickery…

ACC Sensor Technology – Radar vs. Laser vs. Camera

ACC systems rely on forward-facing sensors to detect the speed and distance of vehicles ahead. Most ACC systems use radar (radio waves), while some premium vehicles use laser sensors or cameras paired with image processing. Here‘s how each sensor approach works:

Radar Adaptive Cruise Control

Uses radio waves in the 24 GHz or 77 GHz frequency bands
Excellent range (160m+) and unaffected by weather
Distributed beam provides wide field of view
Cannot identify shape and classification of objects
Overall the most robust and widely adopted ACC technology

Laser Adaptive Cruise Control

LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) laser sensors
Very high resolution and accuracy
Narrow, focused beam with longer range than radar
Performance impacted by weather and dirt
Limited adoption due to higher cost

Camera-Based Adaptive Cruise Control

Uses front-facing camera and video processing
Can visually identify vehicles braking ahead
Shorter effective range with narrow field of view
Limited use for ACC, better for lane centering

Radar ACC is the most common since it combines long range, wide scanning angle, with reasonable cost. However, some automakers like Toyota and BMW use both radar and cameras to complement each other.

Real World ACC Performance

In optimal highway conditions, ACC works exceptionally well to adapt your vehicle‘s speed based on traffic ahead. However, ACC has limitations that require driver supervision:

Following distance – Most systems allow setting 1,2 or 3 second gap to car ahead. Younger drivers tend to prefer the risky 1 second gap!

Cut-ins – When a vehicle changes lane in front, ACC response can be delayed

Curves & hills – Around blind turns or over hills, performance drops as radar line-of-sight is lost

Bad weather – Heavy rain, snow, and fog degrade radar and laser sensor effectiveness

Bright light – Low sun angles and bright reflections can overwhelm camera sensors

Small objects – Most ACC systems have trouble consistently detecting motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians

While ACC has its limits, it‘s remarkably helpful day-to-day in reducing driver burden. But expect some occasionally quirky behavior so you‘re not caught off guard!

ACC Availability Across Vehicle Makes

ACC technology premiered in 1992, but only became popular on luxury cars in the early 2000s. ACC is now commonplace across all major auto brands:

And it‘s a standard feature on most luxury vehicles:

With so many automakers offering ACC, it‘s now an expected convenience feature for car buyers.

Comparing OEM Adaptive Cruise Systems

While ACC capabilities are similar across brands, there are some notable differences between automaker systems:

Mercedes-Benz Distronic

Industry-leading ACC technology since introduced in 1998
Uses long-range 77 GHz radar + stereo cameras
Capable of full stop-and-go operation
Automatically adjusts speed for curves and junctions

GM Super Cruise

Camera + radar ACC combined with precision GPS mapping
Enables hands-free driving on limited access highways
Driver attention monitoring via face tracking camera

Nissan ProPilot Assist

Budget ACC + lane centering system
Smooth performance but more limited capability
Delayed responses compared to premium systems

Toyota Dynamic Radar Cruise

Lower speed operation down to 25mph
Conservative speed adjustment when following
Prone to leaving large gaps in traffic

Overall Mercedes sets the benchmark for ACC performance and capability in my opinion, with German automakers continuing to lead the way.

Adding ACC to Older Vehicles

You don‘t need to buy a new car to experience ACC convenience. There are aftermarket ACC systems available to add radar-based speed adaptation to older vehicles:

Comma Two : $1100 standalone ACC system powered by camera and radar sensors. Installs by connecting directly to vehicle CAN bus. Impressive capabilities given aftermarket nature.

Autocruise : $2500 ACC system requiring professional installation. Uses front camera and radar sensors. Provides ACC + lane centering.

RoadMate : $1800 radar-only ACC system. Easier self-install with OBDII plug-in. But limited braking capability.

Aftermarket systems provide a taste of ACC and advanced driver assist capabilities. But overall, OEM automaker ACC integration delivers a smoother and more reliable driver experience.

The Road to Fully Autonomous Driving

A key benefit of ACC systems is paving the way for fully autonomous self-driving vehicle (SDV) technology. The cruise control computers, radars, and cameras ACC relies on provide the foundational sensing and actuation building blocks for SDVs.

Here are some of the key ACC enhancements feeding into full autonomy:

Improved camera imaging – Higher resolution, HDR, night vision, wider field of view

Sensor fusion – Combining radar, camera and ultrasounds for 360 degree coverage

Tighter vehicle integration – Braking and steering authority expanded beyond ACC

Detailed 3D mapping – Ultra-precise maps enable self-driving without relying solely on sensors

V2X communication – Sharing intent and sensor data with nearby vehicles, infrastructure

Redundant systems – Backup sensors, computers, and actuators to maximize safety

The big challenge is mastering full self-driving in complex urban environments. While ACC handles long boring highway drives, crowded city streets require an entirely new level of autonomous driving expertise.

Optimizing ACC for the Future

As an auto tech expert, I see great potential ahead for ACC technology. But there are also improvements I‘d love to see:

Quicker reactions – Faster stopping when vehicle cuts in front

All speed operation – ACC availability even in start-stop traffic

Improved object detection – Identifying pedestrians, cyclists, animals

Left/right radar – Side-facing sensors to monitor blind spots

Personalization – Driver tailored ACC preferences and profiles

Intuitive controls – Simplifying overly complex ACC settings menus

Seamless transitions – Handoff between ACC, lane centering and parking systems

Driver monitoring – Alerts for distraction and loss of attention

With future refinement, ACC can move beyond just being a convenience feature and provide truly safe semi-autonomous driving.

Challenges Facing Consumer ACC Adoption

Despite the benefits of ACC, there are still barriers to mass consumer adoption:

Cost – Only available on higher trim models outside budget for many car buyers

Trust – Drivers underestimate capabilities and effectiveness of ACC

Complexity – Many settings overwhelm drivers new to the technology

Reliability – Sensor degradation and performance concerns over vehicle lifetime

Education – Lack of ACC training for consumers

Addressing these challenges will be key for ACC to transition from a luxury feature to a standard capability that drivers actually use day-to-day.

Testing and Validating Adaptive Cruise Systems

Before ACC systems hit the road, automakers put them through rigorous testing to ensure safety:

Hardware-in-the-Loop – Validating ACC sensor + ECU integration

Test track assessment – Repeated runs observing ACC capability in action

Scenario testing – Emulating cut-ins, curved roads, weather effects

Naturalistic driving – Recording ACC use in real uncontrolled driving

Simulation – Modeling ACC components and logic virtually

Public road testing – Validation in early prototype vehicles

Safety audits – Third-party review of ACC functionality

Months of testing provides confidence in ACC operation. But it‘s impossible to evaluate every edge case scenario an ACC system may encounter once on the road.

Insider ACC Troubleshooting Tips

To dig deeper into ACC, I connected with Sam who works on ACC radar sensor calibration at General Motors. He shared some pro tips on troubleshooting ACC issues:

"One problem we see is radar misalignment that prevents ACC from detecting vehicles ahead accurately. This can occur if the radar or front bumper gets even slightly shifted, say due to a minor collision. I recommend first visually inspecting the radar position and realigning if necessary. Also watch out for mud or snow buildup around the sensor which can block radio waves."

"Software bugs are another ACC gremlin, like incorrect gap distance or delayed braking. But these can often be remedied with an ECU update at the dealership. And make sure the windshield in front of the camera is squeaky clean for camera-based systems! Dirty glass is an easy pitfall."

So when ACC acts up, check for sensor obstructions, misalignment, and also ask your dealer to verify the latest software is installed.

I hope this ACC deep dive has helped shed light on how this clever technology works and what the future holds. Let me know if you have any other ACC questions!

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Active Cruise Control explained

More and more cars are coming out with Active Cruise Control, but what is it and how does it work?

BY WAY OF background, Cruise Control, as opposed to Active Cruise Control, (ACC) has been around since the 1960s and is now, more or less, a standard feature on all new cars, including trucks, tractors and even large “Cruiser” type motorcycles.

The normal cruise control we’re all used to allows a driver to set a speed and then the car will maintain that speed without the driver needing to touch the accelerator pedal. Then when the driver needs to adjust the speed, they can either do so via the cruise control stalk and/or buttons on the steering wheel, depending on the make and model of vehicle. The driver can also deactivate cruise control via the brake pedal, or momentarily increase the speed, say, when overtaking, by pressing the accelerator pedal. Cruise Control may return to the preset speed if you have deactivated it by pressing the accelerator, but will always disengage entirely if you have used the brakes or changed gear in a manual. Check your car’s owner manual for confirmation of that function on your car.

Older cruise control systems simply used the throttle, so would let the car speed up beyond the target speed on downhills. Newer systems use the brakes and even gears to properly maintain the target speed up or down hill.

Now cruise control has evolved to being able to adjust its speed based on the speed of the vehicle in front. Often used interchangeably, Active Cruise Control and Adaptive Cruise Control are one and the same – as usual manufacturers like to invent different names for the same technology. At least they’re both abbreviated to ACC!

What is Active Cruise Control?

Well, it works in similar way to your regular cruise control. The driver brings the car to their desired speed and presses the set button, then the car maintains that speed. The ‘active’ part is that your car will slow down if your car detects another car in front travelling more slowly. That’s perfect for freeway driving, particularly in traffic, and longer trips. The Active component of Active Cruise Control comes in the form of a RADAR or LIDAR sensor (depending on your manufacturer’s choice of technology) in the front of the car. This sensor allows you to set the distance you want to follow the car in front, normally measured in time, typically 2, 3 or 4 seconds.

For instance, let’s say that you have your ACC set at 105km/h and a slower vehicle pulls out in front of you further up the road doing a mere 90km/h. ACC is designed to pick this up and slow your vehicle down to match the speed of that vehicle, and follow at the distance that you have set. When that vehicle moves out of your lane, and there are no other cars in front of you, your car resumes your original 105km/h. It does all this without any throttle or brake inputs from you. But the system isn’t perfect, and we’ve got more on that below…

So, is ACC helpful?

Yes. Active Cruise Control was designed with high-volume commuter traffic in mind. Where speeds are constantly changing from 100km/h to a dead stop with not much warning. It only takes one driver not paying attention for 1-2 seconds for an accident to happen. Boredom, fatigue and in-car distractions are the biggest cause of accidents on the roads today.

How much does ACC cost?

When this sort of radar technology first appeared it was as a $1500 cost option on the $220,000+ 1999-model Mercedes-Benz S-Class . Today, the average price point of cars with this type of feature as standard is approximately $60,000, so a lot of cars above that price point will feature ACC as standard, primarily European and Asian cars. The great news is that this type of technology is becoming a priority to more manufacturers, who are making it available in more affordable cars. Mazda have it as standard in both their top spec Mazda6 Atenza ($48,510+ORC) and Mazda3 Astina ($38,190+ORC), though it can’t be cost-optioned in lower models.

Subaru offer it as standard equipment on the top-spec Forrester and Outback models, and all of the Liberty range. The latter are the only vehicles in Australia that offer the feature in a sub-$30K car ($29,990+ORC). Interestingly Subaru are one of the few manufacturers that don’t use radar technology for this feature. Instead they use an optical system called Eyesight based on stereoscopic cameras placed on either side of the rear view mirror.

On the flip side you can still spend $95,000-plus on an HSV GTS and not be able to access this type of technology.

Is it a tick box on the option list?

Not necessarily. ACC will usually be part of a suite of safety features that some manufacturers refer to as ‘Forward Collision Warning’. These systems are always active and commonly include, lane departure warnings, lane departure assist, brake assist, pedestrian detection and so on. Because all these systems use primarily the same radar, laser or camera system (in some cases, a combination) as the ACC, they will be combined and marketed as a whole safety system depending on the manufacturer and the vehicle.

Do all ACC systems work the same?

No. There are a lot of variations between manufacturers and even differences from model to model under the same marque. Some ACC systems only work between 40km/h and145km/h and others can be active from stop all the way to 250km/h, requiring a touch of the accelerator to get going again if it does happen to bring you to a stop. None should be fully trusted.

Heavy rain, fog and snow can interfere with the capabilities of these systems, and heading into the sun can throw out the camera-based systems. Windy roads and cars that dive in to gaps in front of you can confuse the ACC which may not react in time. The ACC may not detect long overhanging loads on trucks, or narrow vehicles like motorcycles. It is critical to understand the limitations of the system and be sure that you are only using these systems as a back up to your own driving. Don’t think it’s a set and forget kind of thing; you must still be paying attention to what’s happening around you.

Remember your set speed too. You might have set it for 100km/h and then spent many minutes in traffic below 50. All of a sudden once the road is clear the car will accelerate… and that might take you by surprise. But overall, ACC is very useful because it means you don’t need to fiddle with the cruise control when driving in heavy traffic on freeways.

If you do own or buy a car with this feature, make sure you take some to get a feel for how it works. If you’re like me, the sensation of something else controlling the car that you’re driving will be weird for the first few times.

Is it a Gimmick?

No, it’s genuinely useful, which is not something we can say all of the latest driver aids. With every new model release, more and more of this technology is being introduced. Fully automated vehicles are already being tested in different parts of the world and what we are seeing in the market place today, are the trickle down effects from that innovation.

With tech giants Apple and Google investing heavily in this type of automation for cars, the days of drumming along on your steering wheel (Google’s automated prototype was revealed without a steering wheel, but court rulings have dictated it be set-up for manual control) to your favourite song are numbered. Shame.

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Škoda Octavia 2016 ,considerably cheaper than$30k, comes with ACC as standard equipment. Probably standard on the whole Skoda range.

Lachlan Wornes

Whether it is trying to name a car just from its exhaust note, to being able to identify it from only a partial view of a tail light, Lachlan always finds himself wanting to know more without ever having to make a conscious effort to do so. He loves to look at them, listen to them and talk about them. Somehow driving them always makes him feel excited and relaxed at the same time. Growing up in rural Victoria made for some very liberal driving experiences from a very young age, which may have something to do with the passion that still exists. After spending all his 20’s in the snow fields of North America, the 9-5, 40hr work week never really suited him. After a brief stints with Road Magazine in the UK, and Jalopnik in the US, he has found his way back home to do what he loves, where he loves to be.

Tips & advice

Cruise control and adaptive cruise control: the complete guide

Cruise control is a great extra to have if you do regular motorway journeys, while adaptive cruise control arguably makes even more sense.

different types of active cruise control

What is cruise control? Cruise control is an electronic system that automatically regulates a car's speed without the driver having to keep their foot on the accelerator. That's the simple answer, but today car manufacturers are adding ever-more advanced cruise control systems to their models, all designed to make driving easier and safer, while many of the newer technologies are on the first tentative steps towards autonomous vehicles .

Once upon a time, cruise control was the preserve of high-end luxury cars, but as the technology has become more affordable, car makers have rolled it out on more mainstream models. Today, you can get it on even the smallest city cars , while other models get a proprietary speed limited system that requires a bit more input from the driver.

• What is AEB?

Elsewhere, the progress of technology means that car makers have been able to develop adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems that can vary a car's speed according to traffic, while the most advanced systems are on the steps towards fully autonomous driving.

Here we explain how cruise control works and break down the different kinds of system on offer, highlighting their advantages and limitations, so you can decide if it's an option that's worth ticking on your next new car purchase.

Cruise control history

Cruise control can trace its origins back to the 17th and 18th century, when engineers developed 'speed control' systems for steam engines. These mechanical systems were adapted by some early automobile makers at the start of the 20th century, although the predecessor to modern cruise control didn't appear until the 1950s.

The first car to feature cruise control was a 1958 Imperial, which was Chrysler's luxury division. Called 'Auto-pilot', the system was mechanical and was connected to the engine propshaft. It had a dial on the dashboard to preselect a speed and an electric motor that adjusted throttle position to maintain it.

US firm American Motors produced a budget version of cruise control for its automatic cars in 1965, but cruise control really took off in the US during the oil crisis of 1973. Manufacturers had developed electronic cruise control systems by this time, and these makers promoted the benefits of the system as it delivered constant throttle inputs, rather than the erratic flexing of the driver's right foot for improved fuel economy.

• What is horsepower?

Cruise control found popularity in the US first because of that nation's fondness of automatic gearboxes, long travelling distances and the relatively straight and wide highway network. In Europe, cruise control took a little longer to gain a foothold, but like the US, it first appeared on high-end luxury cars before filtering its way down to more mainstream models.

The first adaptive cruise control (ACC) system appeared in Japan in the early 1990s, although the first systems simply warned the driver of slower traffic ahead, and didn't control the car's throttle or brakes.

Mercedes S-Class Distronic Plus with Steering Assist

The first proper ACC system was Mercedes ' Distronic system, which appeared on the S-Class limousine in 1999. This system not only controlled the throttle, but also the brakes to maintain a set distance to the vehicle in front.

Since then, car makers have embraced ACC, and it can be found on superminis , hatchbacks and sports cars , while the rising level of traffic on our roads means it's arguably a more useful feature than standard cruise control on its own, as it can adjust speed according to traffic flow.

• What is 4x4? All-wheel-drive systems explained

How does cruise control work?

Modern cruise control systems are integrated into a car's electronics, and are often combined with additional tech, such as lane departure warning and blind spot sensors. With standard cruise control, you need to select cruise mode via a switch, then accelerate to your desired speed, and press a button – either on the steering wheel or on a lever on the steering column - to set that speed.

The car's electronics then maintain your selected speed, so you can take your foot of the accelerator. On some cars you can adjust your speed via a button, and the car will automatically change its speed accordingly.

On a car with adaptive cruise control (ACC), you switch on the system, then you can raise or lower your speed as desired, and the car will accelerate to that set speed. These systems use either radar or laser sensors to maintain a set distance to the car in front, and they also have the ability to increase or decrease that distance as required.

To deactivate cruise control, you simply press a button to regain control of the throttle. However, one important safety feature that all of these systems are required to have is that the system will immediately deactivate if the car's brakes are applied. On cars with a manual gearbox, pressing the clutch pedal will sometimes have the same effect, although not all cars behave in the same way. Most cars will have a memory function, so that you can resume the same speed after the brakes have been applied.

Earlier cruise control systems would have a lower speed threshold of around 20-30mph where cruise control couldn't be activated, and some manufacturers still maintain this set-up. However, some of the latest ACC systems also incorporate a traffic function, so they can operate in stop-start conditions.

Cruise control types

Essentially there are four types of cruise control on offer, ranging from the most basic speed limiter to systems that can negotiate stop-start traffic and even change lanes. We look at the benefits and disadvantages of each below.

Speed limiter

What is it? The most basic form of cruise control. There are systems that can be hard-wired into a vehicle to limit its top speed (a 70mph limit in vans, for example), or there are driver-activated systems. You can set a maximum speed for your vehicle, but you maintain control of the car's accelerator at all times. When you approach your set maximum, the car will simply stop accelerating. This will usually happen softly, so you'll barely notice.

Found on: Citroen, Ford, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, vans, can be added aftermarket, too. Advantages: Helps you stick to speed limits, saves fuel. Disadvantages: Driver has to continue using the throttle to maintain speed.

Cruise control

What is it? Standard cruise control is a fairly common feature on new cars. You turn the system on (usually indicated by a graphic on the dashboard), then once you're up to your desired speed, you press a button to set it, and the car maintains that speed.

Found on: Most mainstream new cars, except for the most basic trims. Advantages: Takes strain out of long drives, more fuel efficient than using the accelerator manually, helps you stick to speed limits. Disadvantages: Driver has to take over when traffic slows, only worth using on clear motorways.

Adaptive cruise control

Land Rover Discovery 2017 - official steering wheel

What is it? Either a radar or laser-based system that can maintain speed, but reduces speed if the gap to the car in front falls below a preset distance. This constitutes Level One automation on the automated vehicle classification chart, as they driver is required to take control at any time.

Found on: Assorted BMW, Fiat group, Ford, JLR, Lexus, Mercedes, VW Group models, and increasing in use by other makers. Advantages: Adjusts speed according to traffic, takes strain out of long drives, helps fuel efficiency. Disadvantages: Sensors can be 'blinded' in bad weather, electronics can be slow to react to sudden traffic slowing, distance to the car in front can be big enough to tempt other drivers to cut in front of you, sometime systems are jerky when changing speed.

Semi-autonomous cruise control

The latest hi-tech cruise control systems are one step closer to the fully autonomous self-driving car, and are classed as Level 2 automation. This means the automation can control the throttle, brakes and steering, but the driver still needs to intervene if the systems fail to detect objects. Semi-autonomous systems can vary in sophistication, and can help with steering inputs, move in stop-start traffic, or even change lanes on the motorway with the flick of an indicator, or adjust the car's speed according to GPS data and road sign recognition cameras.

Found on: Audi A3 /A8/Q7, BMW 7 Series , Mercedes S-Class , Volvo XC90 Advantages: Takes strain out of driving and traffic jams, helps fuel consumption. Disadvantages: Sensors need to be kept clear for it to work, too easy for driver to 'switch off' and lose concentration.

Do you have cruise control or adaptive cruise control on your car? Do you use it? Let us know what you think of the technology in the comments...

Dean has been part of the Auto Express team for more than 20 years, and has worked across nearly all departments, starting on magazine production, then moving to road tests and reviews. He's our resident van expert, but covers everything from scooters and motorbikes to supercars and consumer products.

Guide to Adaptive Cruise Control

How this convenience feature works to reduce your stress on long drives

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is like traditional cruise control, but smarter. ACC systems allow you to set a desired speed until your vehicle encounters slower-moving traffic. Then it will brake to maintain a set distance from the car ahead. Once the traffic starts moving again or if there is no longer a car in the lane ahead, ACC will accelerate to resume the previous set speed. Although ACC systems may take some getting used to, our survey respondents told us they appreciated the stress relief the feature brings.

“I use the feature mostly on the freeway and in stop-and-go traffic. I find it reduces tension and fatigue,” wrote a 2020 Subaru Outback owner. A 2018 Audi Q5 driver agreed. “It is so nice to just set it and let the car worry about the traffic,” they told CR.

The systems use lasers, radar, cameras, or a combination of those. If traffic slows to a stop, most ACC systems will bring the car to a complete stop, then bring it back up to speed when traffic gets going again. Others work only within certain speeds and/or might not start to accelerate automatically.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC): Cruise control that also assists with acceleration and/or braking to maintain a driver-selected gap to the vehicle in front. Some systems can come to a stop and continue while others cannot. If the car comes to a full stop, you may have to press the accelerator or a button on the steering wheel to start moving again.

Not all systems work at low speeds, so drivers who plan to use ACC in slow traffic should check the limitations of any system they plan to buy. These particular systems will often have the words “traffic jam” or “stop and go” in their name.

These features are usually activated using a button on the steering wheel with the image of a car next to a speedometer with an arrow pointing at it. A conventional cruise control system does not automatically keep a set distance away from the car in front, and it is indicated by a similar logo without the car next to the speedometer. A tip to know if your car has adaptive cruise control or regular cruise control is to look for the “gap distance” button, which usually shows a symbol of a car with horizontal distance bars in front. This button will determine how much space your car leaves between its front bumper and the rear of the car it is following.

In our most recent survey, we asked CR members to rate their experiences with the advanced safety and driver assistance systems on their model-year 2017 to 2022 cars. Respondents answered questions about their satisfaction with the systems. The survey covered about 47,000 vehicles. Most respondents told us they were “very satisfied” with ACC. Satisfaction was higher for older drivers.

OVERALL SATISFACTION

What to Look For in an Adaptive Cruise Control System

Every ACC system works slightly differently, says Kelly Funkhouser, manager for vehicle technology at CR. Some do a better job than others at recognizing merging traffic and automatically apply the brakes, while others wait too long to slow your car, requiring the driver to take control—especially when a vehicle in front of you cuts you off with a close merge.

“Most ACC systems can only be set to speeds above 20 mph but will slow the vehicle to speeds below that in stop-and-go traffic,” she says. “There are a few systems out there that don’t bring the car all the way to a stop but instead just shut off at low speeds. That can be dangerous when you’re traveling behind another slowing vehicle.” She recommends reading the automaker’s website closely and learning about the speed ranges before using ACC while on your test drive.

ACC is meant for convenience, not as a replacement for an alert driver, Funkhouser says. So don’t use adaptive cruise control as an excuse to get distracted. “Just because the car is controlling your speed doesn’t mean that you can check out,” she says. “These systems do not do well at detecting or slowing for vehicles ahead if you approach them at a high rate of speed. The driver should always be monitoring the surrounding traffic and looking ahead for potential hazards.”

Keith Barry

Keith Barry has been an auto reporter at Consumer Reports since 2018. He focuses on safety, technology, and the environmental impact of cars. Previously, he led home and appliance coverage at Reviewed; reported on cars for USA Today, Wired, and Car & Driver; and wrote for other publications as well. Keith earned a master’s degree in public health from Tufts University. Follow him on Twitter @itskeithbarry .

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Cars with Adaptive Cruise Control: Everything You Need to Know

Cruise control buttons on modern car and speed limitation

Cars with adaptive cruise control used to be considered a luxury only featured in state-of-the-art vehicles. Still, with technological advancements, adaptive cruise control is now a common feature found in many different car models. Autobytel says this means ACC is now accessible to everyone, and even if your current vehicle doesn't have ACC, you can always have it installed.

What Does Adaptive Cruise Control Do?

Adaptive cruise control uses advanced sensory technology to determine your car's speed in proximity to other vehicles or objects on or around the roadway. It applies moderate brakes and warning signals when a driver is getting to close to another car. Drivers can set the speed limit on the ACC so that they don't exceed the speed limit, but when the sensory technology detects traffic or other unsafe conditions, it reduces the driver's speed to adapt to them.

The Best Cars With Adaptive Cruise Control

1. 2020 bmw 3 series.

This brand new model offers the best combination of sensory technology . It uses cameras in addition to ultrasonic and radar sensors to pull data about the environment surrounding the vehicle. In addition to its sensory features, it also has a "stop-and-go" brake feature, great for commuters who spend extended amounts of time in stand-still traffic as it alleviates the stress on the driver's legs and feet. What's more, the camera sensor can pick up traffic signs such as speed limit signs and reduce or increase speed to match the recommended rate of speed.

2. 2020 Volvo S60

This new model by Volvo has a "Pilot Assist" feature, which makes driving safe and easy. What this feature does is it helps the driver maintain the proper speed with neighboring vehicles, and it also provides steering assistance along with automatic braking or accelerating for situations such as stop-and-go to free-flowing traffic. Another great aspect of this model is that it doesn't rely on a lead car to determine speed and spacing, so you can use it even when you aren't near another car.

3. 2020 Hyundai Sonata

This new Hyundai model has the same technological systems as other Hyundai models, called "SmartSense advanced driving assistance systems." The 2020 Hyundai Sonata includes SmartSense features such as five cameras, three radar sensors, and 12 ultrasonic sensors to help with things such as advanced cruise control, stop-and-go feature, warning signals, and automatic braking or accelerating.

4. 2020 Nissan Altima

The 2020 Nissan Altima features Nissan's "ProPilot Assist" system, which uses advanced technology to help drivers practice safe driving. It allows drivers with automatic acceleration and braking for speed and distance control, while it also uses automatic steering to help them maintain lane control. These helpful features are made possible by its front-facing cameras, sensors, radar, and electronic control module.

5. 2020 Toyota Corolla Hatchback

This new model provides drivers with an adaptive cruise control system, specifically designed for highway travel. Its cruise control features include cameras within the car and radar sensors on the front grille that can gauge your car's proximity and speed when compared to other vehicles around you. Similarly, these sensors help determine the rate of speed of the vehicle in front of you and automatically decrease your speed if the vehicle in front of you slows down.

The Cheapest Cars With Adaptive Cruise Control

According to U.S.News, here are some examples of the cheapest cars you can buy that still have adaptive cruise control features:

1. 2019 Kia Soul

You can get Kia's "smart cruise control" feature as part of their "Primo Package." This add-on is around $4,500 in addition to the original selling-price. You can save energy with its automatic braking system, and also keep a safe following distance thanks to its forward-collision warning feature. In addition to these safety features, the Kia Soul also provides drivers with a heated steering wheel, and in-depth seat adjustments to meet more complex needs for your body type.

2. 2018 Mazda 3

The 2018 Mazda 3 provides drivers with an adaptive cruise control system that detects rear-cross traffic and blind-spot monitoring, great for making safe lane changes. It also offers a "premium equipment package" for just $1,600 in addition to the original selling price. This package gives your vehicle advanced safety features and other add-ons such as a heated steering wheel and a built-in navigation system.

3. 2018 Hyundai Sonata

The 2018 Hyundai Sonata offers buyers the "technology package" for just $1,000. Included in this package are adaptive cruise control to help drivers maintain a safe following distance and adequate speed. This model also comes with a turbocharged four-cylinder engine.

4. 2018 Toyota Rav4

This 2018 Toyota Rav4 SUV includes an adaptive cruise control system for a fee that increases the original selling price to just above $25,000. When you turn your ACC feature on, it uses its radar sensors to administer collision warnings, automatic braking, and acceleration to make sure that your vehicle moves at a safe pace and maintains an appropriate following distance from other vehicles on the roadway at all times.

The 2018 Toyota Rav4's adaptive cruise control system is categorized as "standard equipment" in Toyota's "Safety Sense P suite of technology," Making it a high-tech safety vehicle for a reasonable price point.

5. 2018 Honda Accord

The 2018 Honda Accord features a state-of-the-art adaptive cruise control system called the "Honda Sensing System." This system offers not only adaptive cruise control but also several other useful safety features, including automatic braking for collision prevention and traffic sign recognition.

These features are powered by camera sensing technology that can read traffic signs such as speed limit markers and adjust the Accord's speed to fit those speed requirements. You can get even more safety features by upgrading to higher-trims.

As adaptive cruise control becomes more readily available, you can find cheap and affordable car models that include much of the same technology as modern luxury cars.

https://www.autobytel.com/car-buying-guides/features/10-cars-with-adaptive-cruise-control-131148/

https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/cheapest-cars-with-adaptive-cruise-control

https://www.caranddriver.com/bmw

https://www.caranddriver.com/shopping-advice/

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What You Need to Know About Cruise Control

Are advanced adaptive cruise control systems worth it?

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Distinguishing between basic and adaptive cruise control.

They've been equipped on vehicles for many decades, but what does cruise control actually do in a car? Early examples did little more than maintain a selected speed, with the driver then taking over if that speed becomes unsafe for any reason. This reduces fatigue or the likelihood of inadvertently exceeding the speed limit, especially over longer distances. Cruise control is what many Americans demand, owing to our extensive road network.

Modern systems, often termed adaptive cruise control (ACC), are far more advanced. They quite literally 'adapt' to changing traffic conditions. These systems utilize several sensors to automatically keep an appropriate following distance from the preceding car. Without human intervention, the car can slow down or accelerate, accounting for the typical fluctuations in speed that occur in everyday driving.

ACC was once the preserve of luxury sedans, but now it can be found on nearly any SUV and even hard-working trucks.

What’s in a Name - Different Types of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems

Not only are there different kinds of cruise control systems, but depending on the manufacturer, they will have unique names. Below are a few examples of similar systems but with different names:

BMW's Dynamic Cruise Control or Active Cruise Control
Cadillac's Super Cruise
Tesla's Autopilot
Nissan's Intelligent Cruise Control
Mercedes-Benz's Active Distance Assist Distronic

So, what is an ACC system from BMW and how does it differ from one made by Audi or Mercedes ? Fundamentally, many of these systems function in exactly the same way and merely carry unique names. In some cases, an aftermarket system can be fitted to a vehicle without standard speed control. If you take this route, make sure that the installation is done by a reputable company.

How Does Modern Cruise Control Work?

Adaptive cruise control is what makes semi-autonomous driving possible. In general, a car with ACC incorporates some combination of radar sensors, lasers, and cameras to identify other vehicles or obstacles in the vicinity. Radar- and laser-based systems both make use of sensors integrated into the vehicle's front fascia. This information is transmitted to the car's mechanical systems, which respond accordingly. That's a cruise control definition in a nutshell.

Notably, a laser-based sensor can struggle during storms or other periods of low visibility. Radar cruise control is used by automakers like Toyota . Another type is binocular computer vision systems, where tiny cameras installed on the back of the rearview mirror can pick up on objects ahead of your car.

Some iterations of a cruise control system will merely alert the driver to take action if a preceding vehicle gets too close. Other systems will take evasive action and brake the car automatically. Modern stop-and-go systems, often termed traffic jam assist, takes the hassle out of navigating rush hour traffic.

In terms of mechanical speed control, an actuator is employed to which a cable is connected. This setup actuates the throttle valve, effectively performing the same job as you would if you depressed the gas pedal with your foot. Another component is the speed control module, effectively the "brains" behind the system that remembers the desired speed.

How to Operate Cruise Control

It's always a good idea to consult your owner's manual for guidance on how to use cruise control. As with many vehicle functions like switching on lights, operating the ventilation system, or even using the indicator, each automaker does things slightly differently. For the most part, the process is the same. You will set your desired speed as well as the gap you'd like to maintain from the preceding vehicle. From there, it's simple. The car does the hard work and will stick to either the chosen speed, the following distance, or both simultaneously.

However, as systems differ, it's important to take some time to acclimatize to your car's specific ACC. Some will only provide minimal braking before we need to intervene, while other cars can stop completely. In both cases, it's important to remain focused on your surroundings. Some vehicles allow you to choose how aggressively the system slows down or picks up speed. At times, you may want to stick to the basic speed control setting when there will be minimal slowing down.

In inclement weather conditions or when it's raining, the sensors can't always operate as effectively. In these conditions, it's advised not to use the ACC. If the feature is not working as you know it should, it's best not to activate it at all.

Before buying a particular model with ACC, it's worth going for an extended test drive to ascertain if the feature improves your driving experience.

Cruise Control Explained: How It Works, And When You Should Use It

Self-driving cars are becoming increasingly intelligent , but whether they'll ever be ubiquitous and fully capable remains unclear. Tesla notes (for now) that its Full Self Driving Capability is "intended for use with a fully attentive driver, who has their hands on the wheel and is prepared to take over at any moment." For many drivers at present, the automatic functions of their cars are limited to the likes of beeping sensors, flashing displays, and features like cruise control.

Cruise control is a feature provided as standard on a wide range of vehicles; it's one of those functions that some drivers adore and others barely use. While the feature doesn't take over from the driver by any means, it can significantly ease their burden. Essentially, cruise control allows drivers to select an appropriate speed for the road, conditions, and general journey they're currently on, and automatically prevents the vehicle from deviating from that speed.

Experienced drivers, of course, will probably be familiar with the basics of what cruise control does, even if they haven't really used it themselves. Rather more complex than that, though, is the question of exactly how it keeps the vehicle moving at a specific speed. If you've ever wondered how cruise control works, what the pros and cons of using it are, how it's developed since its introduction, and/or when to use it, this is just the piece for you.

The essentials of how cruise control works

Cruise control as we know it today has its roots in the ingenuity of Ralph Teetor. Though he lost his vision following an accident, Teetor rose to become the president of the Society of Automotive Engineers. In that capacity, he used both his passion for auto safety and his extensive experience with other drivers to create the first example of cruise control. In 1950, Teetor held a patent for technology referred to as a "Speed Control Device For Resisting Operation Of The Accelerator," also called the Speedostat, and it worked just as the name implied: the driver could opt for a certain speed by selecting it from the dash, then, through the drive shaft, a piston would provide resisting force on the pedal after arriving at that speed.

The basics of how cruise control functions haven't actually changed very much. Depending on the vehicle model, the input for choosing the desired speed may now be a touchscreen, but the effect is the same: a connected actuator receives the signal from the control device, and, as it runs to the valve for the throttle, is used to control the strength of the force acting on the throttle. Accelerating faster or slower depending on how much faster the inputted speed is, the vehicle will then reach said speed and hold the accelerator in place (though not necessarily physically as Teetor's Speedostat did). This is a mechanically-oriented form of cruise control, but some modern vehicles utilize adaptive cruise control instead.

How is adaptive cruise control different?

The basic concept of cruise control, of course, is centered more around what the specific vehicle is doing, rather than what's on the road around it. Drivers can simply brake as they typically would in response to other drivers, overriding the constant-speed effect of cruise control, which means that autonomy isn't really a factor in cruise control beyond maintaining the speed. Adaptive cruise control like the kind found in some Acura vehicles , however, is a little more sophisticated.

Adaptive cruise control is a feature more able to do exactly that: adapt. This means that while the driver selects the vehicle's cruising speed as before, it is not locked to that speed. Another crucial thing to take into account is the vehicle's distance from others; adaptive or autonomous cruise control adds small and discreet radar systems (inputs situated somewhere near the vehicle's front lights) to the equation to monitor the surrounding area. These radars have ranges from approximately 100 feet to around 600 feet, depending on the vehicle.

A car with ACC will commonly boast small wheel-mounted units that measure its speed, along with a front-mounted one that can determine how far away other vehicles are. The former can adjust how fast your vehicle is moving relative to any motorists ahead, thereby ensuring that you always maintain your selected distance from them. Braking capacity while the system is active differs, but typically, the driver will be alerted to brake heavily if necessary (if a driver ahead does the same for instance).

When cruise control should be used

Some drivers often have the luxury of wide, peaceful, near-empty roads. For others, driving tends to be a commuter's cacophony of traffic jams, honking horns, and slow stop-start-stop-start progress. The experience can differ greatly depending on the time of day and whether it's a weekday or the weekend. The bottom line, though, is that one of these scenarios is a far better fit for cruise control than the other.

Brakes remain operational during the use of cruise control, and engaging them will override the system. This means two things: the driver's attention must still firmly remain on the road as ever (we're not at level 5 on the autonomous driving scale here) and cruise control has sharply decreased utility in congested areas. By contrast, if you're a driver who frequently takes long-distance trips on open roads, cruise control could be the perfect feature for you. An alert and rested driver is a safe driver, and where longer journeys can compromise those things, cruise control reduces some of that pressure.

Adaptive cruise control, which monitors the ever-changing road ahead continuously via radar or laser, is potentially better equipped to handle congested roads. There's no definitive answer on whether that's the case, however, because this feature is very different from vehicle to vehicle.

Different manufacturers have different cruise control features

Cruise control is a common feature, and adaptive cruise control is becoming increasingly widespread too. The matter of how the two types of cruise control work is a very complex one beyond the basics, though, because different vehicle manufacturers have developed their own unique features for it and implemented the system in different ways.

For example, Audi's Traffic Jam Assist technology can be activated in tandem with its adaptive cruise control, thereby supporting the driver in conditions that aren't optimal for the latter. By means of ultrasonic sensors, radar, and a windshield camera, the vehicle will maintain a consistent distance from the one ahead in traffic while staying oriented on the road. The driver takes full manual controlwhen the congestion clears or Traffic Jam Assist otherwise becomes unsuitable for the situation.

Similarly, select Ford models are among those that offer Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control, implementing advanced features such as Speed Sign Recognition (which aims to prevent adaptive cruise control users from being caught out by speed limits by adjusting the chosen speed to match them) and Stop-and-Go (limited capacity to stop entirely in response to a vehicle ahead doing the same). As always, drivers should consult their vehicle manual to determine which cruise control features are available and how to use them.

Pros and cons of cruise control and adaptive cruise control

Cruise control can be advantageous for drivers in other ways too. In its capacity to ensure a vehicle remains at a steady speed, where possible, it can boost driving efficiency. According to Natural Resources Canada , varying your speed by around 6 mph every 18 seconds can be 20% more costly in terms of fuel. Cruise control, in a general sense, aims to be as efficient as possible within the parameters the driver provides, which can potentially translate to less fuel being used over time.

This is only the case when driving for longer stretches on wide, clear roads, however. The reason is that there are certain things human drivers are better at than their machine counterparts, and adjusting speed subtly in response to changes in elevation is one of them. Failing to do so can be wasteful.

On a similar note, Vanderbilt University found that drivers are more adaptable in their thinking and processing of multiple vehicles and their movements on the road, while cruise control features tend to have a rather narrower focus in terms of the vehicle(s) in front. Cruise control can serve as an invaluable tool for drivers, but isn't infallible. Ensuring that you use it for its intended purpose is the key to best taking advantage of it.

Adaptive Cruise Control: What is ACC in ADAS?

June 3, 2021

Table of Contents

What is ACC in ADAS?

When it comes to cars, ACC stands for Adaptive Cruise Control. In a Consumer Reports survey , 85 percent of drivers with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on their vehicles said they were very satisfied with it. What’s more, 19 percent said their ACC system helped to avoid a crash.

Standard cruise control has been around since the 1950s . Adaptive cruise control has been in development since the 1990s . Mercedes was the first automaker to bring ACC to the U.S. market in 1999 . Twenty years later, automakers are still working to improve their cruise control offerings. In the meantime, ACC technology has become one of the building blocks of autonomous driving.

In this article, we will explain adaptive cruise control and how it works, provide examples of ACC features in ADAS packages, and explain the importance of adaptive cruise control calibration.

What is Adaptive Cruise Control?

Adaptive cruise control or Active Cruise Control (ACC) is an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) that automatically adjusts a vehicle’s speed when there are slow-moving vehicles ahead, with the aim of maintaining a safe following distance. When the road ahead is clear, ACC automatically accelerates to your pre-set speed. Adaptive cruise control is ideal for highway speeds.

ACC is a major component and precursor of fully autonomous vehicles. According to SAE , Driving Automation Level 1 driver support features provide steering OR brake/acceleration to the driver while the jump to Level 2 requires features that provide both steering AND brake/acceleration to the driver. On its own, ACC is a Level 1, but when combined with another driver assist feature that steers, your vehicle reaches Level 2 on the Driving Automation scale – a step closer to fully autonomous driving .

As a foundation of autonomous driving, ACC has the capability of reducing driver stress and radically improving driver safety. A study from the Highway Loss Data Institute studied insurance claims data from 2013-2017 BMW vehicles to see how ADAS affected collision, damage, and injury rates. The BMW Driving Assistance package added ACC to the following ADAS: Forward Collision Warning , Lane Departure Warning , Front Automatic Emergency Braking . With the addition of ACC, this package reduced the rates of property damage by 27 percent and bodily injury claim rates by 37 percent.

How does Adaptive Cruise Control work?

Just as with traditional cruise control, the adaptive cruise control system requires drivers to choose their preferred speed. Next, ACC requires drivers to set their preferred following distance from the vehicle’s pre-set options. Many have close, medium, and far selections to toggle between.

Sensors Used in Adaptive Cruise Control

Vehicles with adaptive cruise control use ACC sensor data to tell your car’s speed, distance from other vehicles, and the speed of vehicles ahead of you. There are many types of adaptive cruise control technology. The following types of sensors have all been used for ACC:

Laser (Lidar)

Most (but not all) current forms of this ADAS use radar as their main source of information. A radar sensor mounted in the front of the vehicle is used to analyze the road ahead. It does this by emitting radio waves and measuring how long they take to return to the ACC sensor. A few internal calculations and your vehicle can tell the car’s distance and speed. Data from the radar distance sensors and the vehicle speed sensors are used to adjust your speed and keep your car a set distance from the one ahead of you.

ACC System Versions and Commonly Bundled ADAS

Most automakers have their own version of adaptive cruise control. Not everyone uses the same names for their ACC system. Here are a few industry terms that are all different names for ACC:

Dynamic cruise control
Intelligent cruise control
Radar cruise control
Radar adaptive cruise control
Dynamic laser cruise control
Autonomous cruise control
Smart cruise control
Dynamic radar cruise control

ACC with Stop & Go, Traffic Jam

Beyond the similar naming, there are several different features that adaptive cruise control is often bundled with to provide sensor fusion. One example of this is a feature called ACC with Stop and Go or ACC with Traffic Jam Assist. This adds the ability to come to a complete stop via automatic braking and then re-accelerate to the car’s set speed as traffic moves. All the while, data from sensors is used to keep a set, safe distance from cars ahead when you encounter heavy traffic.

Because it’s not an autonomous car, those with stop and go capabilities will only “go” again within three seconds if traffic flow allows. If it’s longer than three seconds, driver action is needed to re-engage the system.

ACC + Forward Collision Warning & Automatic Braking

Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) advanced driver assistance systems are often combined with ACC to provide audible alerts, instrument panel alerts, and tactile warnings of a forward collision risk, then automatic braking to prevent or mitigate damage from a collision.

ACC + Lane Centering

Adaptive Cruise Control works well with others. As previously mentioned, when adaptive cruise control is combined with an ADAS with steering capabilities like lane centering and proactive lane keeping assist systems, your car is considered a Level 2 on the SAE autonomous driving scale — meaning that the vehicle can accelerate, decelerate, and steer on its own — under very specific conditions, including initiation speed and weather. While it’s a step up in terms of driving automation, for safety, a human driver is still required to supervise constantly, including steering, braking, or accelerating.

ACC + GPS or Traffic Sign Recognition

Some ACC systems offer advanced traffic sign recognition , while others utilize GPS speed limit data. These optional ACC features help to combat the use of ACC technology to speed.

4 Examples of Adaptive Cruise Control

There are many different flavors of ACC. Names, tech, and bundled features make the automotive landscape — dotted with endless features, diverse names, and function variations — a bit tricky to navigate. To help you recognize ACC features, here are four automaker examples.

Ford Adaptive Cruise Control

Ford is one example of an automaker with adaptive cruise control. Here’s how Ford’s describes its system and capabilities:

“Available on select Ford vehicles is a series of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) features employing advanced radar and camera technology. ACC lets you set a cruising speed and distance from the vehicle ahead of you. When it slows down, you automatically do too; when traffic picks back up, you resume your preset speed and distance. Then comes ACC with Stop-and-Go, which enables you to come to a complete stop when the vehicle ahead stops. Now add Lane Centering, which scans the lane markings to help you stay in your lane if the system detects you’re drifting out of it. And that’s not all. Now there’s Intelligent Adaptive Cruise Control, which includes all of these features plus new Speed Sign Recognition that can automatically adjust the set speed of your vehicle to the posted speed limit.”

Honda Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Low-Speed Follow

In the Honda Sensing ADAS package, the automaker offers ACC on many 2021 models with what it calls Low Speed Follow. Here’s how Honda describes it :

“Cruising on the open highway has never been easier! Honda’s Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) with Low-Speed Follow lets you set your cruise speed and interval behind a vehicle detected ahead, and then maintains that interval by braking your vehicle or applying the throttle. And the Low-Speed Follow function can bring your vehicle to a complete stop when a vehicle detected ahead slows to a stop, and it lets you resume operation by pressing a button or the accelerator.”

Hyundai Smart Cruise control (SCC) with Stop & Go

Hyundai offers adaptive cruise control, including on the Santa Fe. Here’s how the automaker describes it :

“While traveling at a speed set by you, it uses radar to maintain a safe distance from the car ahead. When the system slows the vehicle to a stop, it will reactivate if the vehicle in front moves within 3 seconds.”

Hyundai also offers Highway Driving Assist that works together with Smart Cruise Control. Here’s how Hyundai describes this feature :

“Your “co-pilot” for highway driving, when actively engaged with Smart Cruise Control or Lane Following Assist, this smart convenience automatically helps keep you centered in your lane and traveling at a safe distance behind the car ahead. Not only that, it also can keep you driving at the right speeds, automatically setting your pace based on GPS and highway data.”

Subaru EyeSight Adaptive Cruise Control

As part of Subaru’s Eyesight Driver Assist Technology Package, ACC is standard on many of the brand’s 2021 models and optional on the rest. It uses dual forward-facing color cameras mounted near the rearview mirror. Here’s how Subaru describes its ACC system in a promotional video :

“With adaptive cruise control, eyesight can help you stay with the flow of traffic. When you set cruise control, you can select from up to four present following distances. EyeSight watches ahead and if it detects traffic is slowing, adaptive cruise control adjusts your speed accordingly to keep your selected distance. Once traffic starts moving faster, it can automatically accelerate back up to your set speed. It can even work in stop-and-go traffic.

For some, it’s less worry about adjusting cruise control. For others, it’s like having an extra set of eyes on the road.”

Adaptive Cruise Control Limitations

Drivers should know that they are responsible for what happens when they are behind the wheel. Every company makes sure to include an asterisk and notice that drivers are still needing to be actively engaged in driving. Some drivers are using ACC to speed . A study of 40 drivers by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found that they were more likely to speed when equipped with ACC.

ACC works well in clear day and night driving, and in light weather. However, if there is fog, heavy rain, or snow, it won’t work. Additionally, if dirt, snow, or ice are on the sensors, they won’t work. ACC also has trouble on winding roads.

With or without ACC, it’s important to always leave more space during poor driving conditions, including inclement weather.

Adaptive Cruise Control Calibration

ACC is one of the most common ADAS features in vehicles today. Like other ADAS systems, ACC needs to have sensors recalibrated after a collision and many vehicle services like windshield replacement . ADAS calibration keeps ACC systems working properly.

What is adaptive cruise control calibration?

Adaptive Cruise Control calibration takes place when the camera, lidar, and radar sensors that inform your vehicle’s actions are re-aligned to improve or re-establish sensor accuracy.

Getting a car calibrated takes drivers knowing about it and recognizing the warning signs.

ACC Calibration Warnings for Drivers

For drivers, the biggest sign that you need a car calibration is a recent collision. Other circumstances that necessitate Adaptive Cruise Control calibration include any time you repair or replace something nearby the location of a sensor. Another sign would be an overly sensitive ACC system, even when you have changed the settings (where possible). Here are some related warning messages that may signal it’s time to get an ADAS calibration:

Adaptive cruise control sensor blocked
Adaptive cruise control failure
Adaptive cruise control temporarily unavailable

ADAS Calibration for Auto Shops

When a car comes into the shop, techs need to know when to order or perform ADAS calibrations . They also need to understand their importance. If calibrated incorrectly, ACC systems may have following distance settings that drivers aren’t used to. They can also make the systems overly sensitive, or not sensitive enough.

Every new model year brings more and more ADAS-equipped vehicles to the streets. Cars need to be calibrated after collisions, and any repairs that may affect sensor alignment. If you want to capitalize on this impending influx of needed calibrations, Car ADAS Solutions can help. We are at the forefront of the ADAS calibration services industry. We provide turnkey ADAS calibration solutions with framework, specialty software, training, and support, built-in. Contact Car ADAS Solutions today !

Additional ACC Resources:

Cars with Adaptive Cruise Control – Car and Driver
10 Best Cars with Adaptive Cruise Control – TrueCar
Adaptive Cruise Control – MyCarDoesWhat.org

Adaptive Cruise Control FAQs

What is Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and how does it differ from regular cruise control?

Adaptive Cruise Control is an advanced driver assistance feature that automatically adjusts your vehicle’s speed to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front. Unlike traditional cruise control that maintains a constant speed, ACC can speed up or slow down based on the flow of traffic.

ACC uses a combination of radar, cameras, and various other sensors to monitor the distance to the vehicle ahead and its relative speed. This data is processed by the car’s computer systems to adjust the throttle and apply brakes if necessary, ensuring a safe following distance.

Can Adaptive Cruise Control bring my car to a complete stop?

Yes, many modern Adaptive Cruise Control systems come with stop-and-go technology that can bring your vehicle to a complete stop and then resume driving when traffic starts moving again.

Is Adaptive Cruise Control safe to use in all driving conditions?

While ACC is designed to increase safety and convenience, it is most effective in steady traffic conditions on highways or well-marked roads. It is not recommended for use in city driving, in adverse weather conditions, or on roads with poor lane markings as these factors can reduce the system’s effectiveness.

Will Adaptive Cruise Control work with any vehicle ahead of me?

Adaptive Cruise Control is generally designed to recognize and respond to most passenger vehicles and trucks. However, it may not detect objects small vehicles like motorcycles and bikes, or pedestrians. This is why it’s best to avoid using in dense cities.

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Cruise Control Explained – All You Need to Know

Cruise control has come a long way since first invented and patented by Ralph Teetor in 1950, who originally named it the “Speedostat”. Chrysler Corporation was the first manufacturer to offer the groundbreaking mechanism as an option on several of its luxury vehicle models nine years later. Today, cruise control is rapidly becoming the standard on all new vehicles, providing drivers with increased convenience on their daily drive.

As you’re learning how to operate a vehicle , understanding cruise control will help increase your comfort behind the wheel and knowledge of driving.

What is Cruise Control?

Cruise control is an electronic device within your vehicle that controls the speed of your vehicle. It allows the driver to maintain a constant speed of 25 mph without holding their foot on the accelerator. Although the feature has been around for 70 years, automotive manufacturers continue to improve upon the technology to provide drivers with increased comfort, luxury, and convenience whenever they’re behind the wheel.

cars driving on a freeway with little traffic

Different Types of Cruise Control

There are 3 types of cruise control systems.

Speed Limiter
Adaptive Cruise Control
Semi-autonomous Cruise Control

What is a Speed Limiter?

A speed limiter will limit how fast the driver can accelerate behind the wheel. All modern vehicles contain a standard speed limiter capping speed between 120 mph and 180 mph depending to protect the vehicle’s engine and discourage reckless driving. However, an additional limiter can be added as an option in many European-made cars, as well as Tesla, Ford, and Nissan. Drivers are still required to keep their foot on the pedal to keep their vehicle in motion, but will not be able to accelerate past a predefined speed limit.

What is Adaptive Cruise Control?

Adaptive cruise c ontrol uses sensors around the vehicle’s exterior to maintain speed while keeping a safe following distance from the car ahead. The system will slow you down and speed you up as the flow of traffic fluctuates throughout your commute, removing a lot of the stress from daily driving. However, adaptive cruise control may not work well in bad weather or protect you from sudden movements, so you will want to always keep your full attention on the road.

What is Semi-autonomous Cruise Control?

Luxury automakers such as Tesla and Audi are implementing the newest rendition of cruise control on their latest vehicle models – Semi-autonomous Cruise Control. It works largely the same as adaptive cruise control, but assists drivers with lane guidance and steering. There are several variations of semi-autonomous cruise control that include additional convenience features for the driver.

How to Use Cruise Control – 6 Step Guide

These are the steps to using cruise control effectively.

Observe weather conditions
Build speed
Engage cruise control
Set cruise control
Watch the road and steer
Brake to disengage

1 – Observe weather conditions

As mentioned, cruise control may become inconsistent in rainy, snowy, or otherwise hazardous conditions. If you must drive in this situation, it may be a better idea to do so manually. Cruise control works best on a clear day with constant traffic flow.

2 – Build speed

Accelerate to your desired speed as you prepare to activate cruise control. US highways have posted speed limits between 55 mph and 75 mph. Do not attempt to set cruise control when you are traveling over the speed limit.

3 – Engage cruise control

Once you’ve reached your desired speed, engage the cruise control. This step will vary widely based on your vehicle make and model, however, many cruise control settings are accessible from the steering wheel controls. Check your owner’s manual for further information.

4 – Set cruise control

After turning on cruise control, you’ll need to set your desired speed. Many systems set the cruise control at the current speed, while others require you to manually set one. You can increase and decrease this speed as needed without interrupting the mechanism.

5 – Watch the road and steer

Watching the road is essential when cruise control is engaged. Cruise control is not a substitute for a human driver and will require supervision at every step. If you are using a semi-autonomous system, you will not need to steer but will need to keep at least one hand on the wheel for safety measures.

6 – Brake to disengage

When cruise control is no longer needed, or you need to quickly make a maneuver, simply apply pressure to the brakes to disengage the system. Once deactivated, you will be in full control of your vehicle once again.

When NOT to Use Cruise Control

While cruise control is a convenient feature for modern drivers, it is not perfect for all circumstances. In fact, utilizing the system can be quite dangerous if you’re not careful. Be sure not to use cruise control under these conditions.

Heavy Traffic

Heavy, or stop-and-go traffic is not ideal for safely using cruise control. When engaging cruise control on the highway, ensure your lane is clear and there are no vehicles stopping ahead.

Wet or Icy Conditions

You need to be driving slowly while on wet and icy roads. While cruise control keeps a constant, predetermined speed, it takes away a lot of the manual control needed to stay safe when it’s raining or snowing.

City Driving

While driving through the city, you’ll face a number of stop lights and stop signs that will require manual braking. This action will automatically disengage cruise control.

Winding Roads

Winding roads require more attention than straight, flat streets. Cruise control systems, even adaptable cruise control, may not always detect these streets correctly, causing accidents.

Fatigued Driving

Driving while fatigued is never a good idea, but even less so while using cruise control. Utilizing the system may add to your fatigue, as you give your vehicle more control of the journey. If you’re even the least bit tired, you should never turn on cruise control.

As you can see, cruise control is a great way to relieve much of the stress that comes with everyday driving. The constant rate of speed can also drastically improve fuel efficiency for longer drivers. Cruise control has had a positive impact on the driving industry for 70 years and shows no signs of disappearing anytime soon.

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Explained: The different kinds of cruise control and how they work

Hands-free driving may be a relatively new innovation – but foot-free driving has been around for decades. In fact, the first cruise control systems were installed over 60 years ago – and in many ways they operate identically to the systems found today.

But what exactly is cruise control? Put simply, it’s an automatic system which keeps your car at a constant speed with as little variation as possible. The inventor, Ralph Teetor, was said to have come up with the idea after a frustrating journey with his lawyer, who sped up and slowed down as he talked.

How do you use cruise control?

Cruise control is offered as standard equipment or at least as an optional extra on nearly every new car sold in the UK – though you may need to look a bit harder for it if buying an older vehicle. Basic systems are usually operated by a control either on the steering wheel or a steering column stalk.

Cruise control consists of an up/down (or +/-) control, as well as a ‘Set’ button, a ‘Recall’ button and sometimes an on/off button. The driver brings the car up to their desired speed, and if the system is switched on, pressing ‘Set’ will store that speed in the car’s memory.

The vehicle will then take control of the accelerator, keeping the car at the desired speed for as long the driver wants. Fine-tuning of the speed can be achieved with the +/- controls, and the target speed is often shown on a dashboard display.

The system is switched off in two ways – either with external input, such as the driver pressing the throttle or brake, or by using the on/off switch. At this point, the desired speed is still usually stored in the car’s memory, and that’s what the ‘Recall’ button is for – allowing the driver to return to their previous speed after passing an obstruction, junction or traffic.

What are the other kinds?

There’s not really much you can innovate on cruise control, but car manufacturers have managed to do it – and come out with adaptive cruise control and advanced adaptive cruise control.

Adaptive cruise control adds a scanner to the front of the car, usually a camera, radar, or laser array – or some combination of the three. This continuously scans the road ahead for traffic and is able to detect when there’s a car in front.

The system then alters your car’s speed so that instead of closing the gap to a slower-moving car, it will follow it at a set distance – controllable by the driver. The car will continue to match the speed of the car in front until it changes lane, exits the road or the driver overtakes.

Advanced adaptive cruise control adds an extra layer to this, as it’s capable of altering the cruise control’s speed limit to match the speed limit of the road it’s driving on – ensuring that the driver is never speeding.

Adaptive cruise control is usually paired with a form of autonomous emergency braking, and usually with lane-keeping assist, too. The most sophisticated systems will work at any speed – from following cars at high speeds on the motorway to crawling autonomously at the back of a queue of stop-start traffic. These systems are usually paired with an automatic gearbox, to prevent over- or under-revving by an inattentive driver. Cruise control in manual cars is usually disengaged when the clutch or gears are operated.

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Cruise control has several advantages, chief among which is fatigue reduction. Allowing drivers to take their minds off keeping a constant speed allows them to focus more on steering and interacting with other traffic, as well as allowing them to stretch their legs and reduce muscle aches.

Advanced adaptive cruise control can prevent accidents thanks to its sensor array knowing where other vehicles are, and systems capable of reading speed limits can prevent drivers violating them and risking a ticket. It can also improve fuel efficiency.

However, it can be dangerous. Sophisticated systems, especially those paired with lane-keeping assistance tech, can encourage drivers to pay less attention when driving, increasing the risk of a collision.

Older systems were also very dangerous in the rain, on icy roads or on loose surfaces. That’s because the loss of traction in a wheel could lead the car to speed up rather than slow down, resulting in a total loss of control.

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What Is Adaptive Cruise Control? Definition, Types, How to Use?

Do you know What is Adaptive Cruise Control? We will learn all about it in this article. Driving in heavy traffic or maintaining a safe distance from the car in front of you requires a high degree of focus. By automatically adjusting vehicle speed and maintaining a specified minimum distance to the vehicle ahead, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) may decrease driver stress.

What is Adaptive Cruise Control? Definition

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an active safety technology that regulates a vehicle’s acceleration and braking automatically.

If the automobile in front of you slows down, ACC may automatically match it. When the automobile ahead of you moves out of your lane or accelerates beyond your car’s programmed speed, your ACC enables your car to return to its original speed.

what adaptive cruise control definition types how use

In the year 2019, This particular feature was given 20 different names that described the functionality of this mechanism of ACC.

Adaptive cruise control is also known as Dynamic cruise control, autonomous cruise control, active cruise control and radar cruise control

Some of the car manufacturers that offer an ACC system in some of their cars are:

Volvo (Volvo V40, S60, XC60, S80)
Toyota (Camry, Sedan 2017 plus, Corolla)
Tesla (Model X, Y, 3)
Skoda (Octiva, Fabia, Superb 2017)
Ram (1500, 2500, 3500)
Mitsubishi (Outlander 2014)
Honda (Accord 2018+, CRV)
Dodge (Charger, Challenger)

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How Does Adaptive Cruise Control Function?

Adaptive cruise control ensures a safe and enjoyable driving experience by monitoring other cars and objects on the road. As a result, it helps the driver to maintain a constant vehicle speed at all times.

The driver may choose key aspects such as the distance to the automobile in front of them, the driving mode (economy, sporty, or pleasant, for example), and others.

These options, together with information regarding speed restrictions, road curvature, accident statistics, and other factors, impact the speed that is automatically selected.

Despite having a high production cost, cruise control is now available on more and more car models.

When the technology was first introduced, high production costs meant that it was only found in high-end car models but nowadays these are available in almost every modern mid-range car as well.

Adaptive cruise control has become a standard feature of new vehicles as less quality sensors have reached the market to destroy its goodwill.

ACC is the basis for the automotive intelligence of the future, it works by using sensors included in cars, such as cameras, lasers, and radar equipment. These sensors tell ACC how close the car is to another or any other object on the road.

When the car detects a potential forward collision, the car flashes red lights and makes a dashboard sign of brake now to avoid collision along with an audible warning might also be played.

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How Does Adaptive Cruise Control Work? Working Principle?

In those cars which have ACC, laser or radar systems are installed in the front of cars with adaptive cruise control (ACC) constantly monitor the road ahead for other vehicles.

You can turn on the Adaptive Cruise Control & press the SET button to accelerate the speed. A speed adjustment can then be made manually using the plus or minus buttons.

Once the speed limit has been set, you will have the ability to set the gap that you desire to maintain with the car which is ahead of your car using the proper buttons, and depending upon your vehicle, the distance will either be given in seconds or in meters.

When the car in front of you slows down, your car will either slow down to maintain the gap you set, or it will warn you to brake – which will then deactivate the ACC system.

Your vehicle will not follow the vehicle ahead if it shoots ahead suddenly. It will instead follow the speed you set unless another car in front catches up to it.

A radar sensor is often at the heart of the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system. The technology, which is installed at the front of the car, constantly monitors the road ahead. As long as the road ahead is clear, ACC maintains the driver’s pace.

If the system detects a slower vehicle within its detecting range, it slows down gradually by releasing the accelerator or actively activating the brake control system. If the car in front of you accelerates or changes lanes, the ACC will automatically accelerate to the driver’s preferred speed.

Standard ACC is engaged at speeds of roughly 30 km/h (20 mph) and assists the driver, mainly on long-distance trips or on highways. The ACC stop & go mode is also operative at speeds less than 30 km/h which equals to 20 mph.

ACC can maintain the total distance which has been set from beforehand even at very minimum speeds and can even decelerate completely. If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic transmission, and the traffic hold-up is only temporary, ACC stops & goes at a pace that can put the vehicle back into motion. A driver may have to reactivate the ACC system if the vehicle remains stopped for an extended period of time, for example by briefly pressing the gas pedal. As a result, ACC stops & assists the driver even in heavy traffic.

In today’s modern cars, cruise control is integrated into the electronics and is often used with other technologies, such as lane departure warnings and blind-spot sensors.

In order to set the speed for the cruise control, you must first select cruise mode with a switch, accelerate to the desired speed, and press a button on the steering wheel or a lever on the steering column.

With some cars, you can adjust your speed automatically, so you can take your foot off the accelerator. The car’s electronics will remain at your selected speed when you release the accelerator.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) allows you to change the speed of your car by simply switching on the system. The vehicle will accelerate to the speed you choose.

In this type of system, either a radar or laser sensor tracks the distance between the car in front, and it provides the capability of increasing or decreasing that distance as needed.

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Merits of Adaptive Cruise Control

A few major benefits of having and using Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) are an increase in road safety. Cars equipped with this technology will maintain sufficient space between them and other vehicles once the technology has been turned on manually.

The Adaptive Cruise Control feature is also very useful in preventing accidents which are resulted due to some kind of obstructed view or very close following distance.

In addition, ACC’s spatial awareness will aid in maximizing traffic flow. As a driver, you don’t have to worry about how fast you’re driving, so you can focus on what’s around you and there will be lesser chances of accidents or of bumping into any other object.

The Limitations of Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Cruise Control, despite having so many advantages still has a few limitations which must also be considered.

The system is not completely self-contained, which is one of its major flaws. To get the optimum outcomes, the driver must continue to exercise safe driving practices that will operate in parallel with this technology.

Additionally, poor weather conditions such as snow, rain, or fog, as well as environmental elements like travelling through tunnels, may confuse the system’s sensors and the working of the ACC function might not work.

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Key Differences Between Cruise Control vs Adaptive Cruise Control

General cruise control originated as early as the year 1948, with the invention of speedostat by Ralph Teetor and ever since the technology has kept on improving.

Traditional cruise controls were officially first introduced and became a popular technology in the 1960s.

Traditional cruise control helps drivers to maintain a steady pace while avoiding the need to continually press the accelerator, regardless of the road grade.

The cruise control main is to focus on throttle control with central automation.

The more technologically sophisticated adaptive cruise control continually adjusts to the road ahead of you, allowing you to maintain a safe space with yourself or the automobile in front of you.

As early as the mid-1990s, automakers began introducing adaptive cruise control as a way to overcome the most significant drawback of classic cruise control which is its inability to accurately predict the speed of vehicles ahead.

Automation allowed the cruise control function to control both acceleration and braking. As a result, the cruise control function could operate continuously for a longer period.

In light traffic, this enabled the driver to go longer distances without having to push their foot on the accelerator. They still had to pay attention to the road ahead, since automobiles in front of them may still brake.

The Conventional Cruise Control Function can maintain a persistent speed that can be set by you, On the other hand, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an upgrade over the traditional conventional cruise control.

Traditional Cruise Control has the ability to maintain the driver’s specified pace, whereas Adaptive Cruise Control maintains a stable speed which is relative to the speed of other cars and vehicles that are ahead of the car

Conventional cruise control doesn’t automatically reduce or increase speed based on how fast and far other vehicles are moving. If you use adaptive cruise control, it may calculate your speed and distance from the car in front of you. As a result, it might slow down or accelerate depending on the speed of the vehicle ahead.

Conventional cruise control utilizes sensors to calculate the throttle position of the car, On the other hand, Adaptive cruise control utilized different radars in order to calculate the distance and speed of the front of your car.

Conventional cruise control is properly-suited for high-speed cruising mainly on highways and Adaptive cruise control is generally more useful in the cities where there is too much traffic and the traffic is very slow-moving.

Conventional cruise control is offered in almost every car except a few basic entry-level cars.

On the other hand, Adaptive cruise control is costly and is found in only high-end and very premium cars only.

When drivers use ACC more frequently while driving, they become increasingly accustomed to it operating continuously for an extended period of time. As a result, there is an increased demand for further enhancements.

The industry is implementing a new standard for ACC known as intelligent cruise control as advancements are made

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Different Types of Adaptive Cruise Control

Systems based on lasers.

These types of Adaptive cruise control systems are controlled by a huge black box that is normally mounted in your vehicle’s grille. It detects the closeness of things to your vehicle using laser technology. It does not work well in rainstorms or other adverse weather conditions.

Laser-based systems do not track or detect any cars during harsh weather conditions or on dirty roads and become totally useless which makes it a very huge con for the system.

Laser sensors must be revealed; normally the sensor (a very large black box) is located in the lower grille, angled to one side.

Radar-based systems

Radar-based systems detect your vehicle’s surroundings by putting radar-based sensors on or near plasticfascias. Each radar sensor works in tandem to provide a complete picture of the vehicle’s proximity to other vehicles or potentially dangerous items. Depending on the design and model of the vehicle, this sort of sensor may seem different.

Radar-based sensors are generally hidden behind the plastic cladding, regardless of the claddings, the look might vary from vehicle to vehicle.

Assisting Systems

Assisting systems are radar-based add-ons that consumers may purchase in conjunction with their vehicles. These pre-crash systems may include lane control, braking aid, cruise control, proximity warnings to obstacles such as corners, and steering power.

Single sensor systems

The most frequent kind of radar system is a single radar system. Multiple sensor systems employ either two equivalent hardware sensors, such as the 2010 Audi A8 or even the 2010 Volkswagen Touaregor one centralized long-range radar paired with two short radar sensors placed on the vehicle’s corners, such as the BMW 5 and 6 series.

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Multi-Sensor Systems

To help in the functioning of a vehicle, adaptive cruise control systems may use more than one kind of sensor. Multi-sensor systems combine multiple distinct sensor types to deliver sophisticated information to the driver.

These sensors may also include GPS data technology or cameras that gather information about a car’s geographical surroundings and closeness to other vehicles.

Predictive Systems

Prediction systems are a sort of ACC that utilizes sensory data to anticipate the behaviours of other cars in the vicinity. This implies that your vehicle may slow down to prepare for another vehicle abruptly changing lanes, promoting passenger safety.

Binocular Computer Vision Optical Systems

This system is one of the most recent kinds of ACC systems developed during these recent years and was first put to use in a car in 2013 by a company named Subaru.

Binocular Computer Vision Optical Systems uses computer processing to extract depth information from the parallax between the images of the two front-facing video cameras installed on each side of the rear view mirror.

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System Benefits of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)

The system benefits of Adaptive Cruise Control are listed below:

System benefits for drivers

Even in a lot of heavy traffic and bigger traffic jams, the driver will get a more relaxed and comfortable driving experience.
It helps in supporting the driver in maintaining a safe distance of the car from any other vehicle or obstacle which may appear near the car.
The function allows for a smooth, fuel-efficient flow of traffic on the highways.
It Reduces the possibility of rear-end crashes
If the driver uses Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) function then he can shift his or her concentration to other things such as the current traffic situation.

System benefits for manufacturers

Implementing the Adaptive Cruise Control feature helps in decreasing the fuel consumption by up to a level of 10 per cent.
Reduces rear-end crashes and makes driving a car easier.
If there is any type of malfunction in the Adaptive Cruise Control System there are a lot of universally followed methods in order to fix the issues and the fixes will not vary based upon one particular brand or model of a car.

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Use Case Scenarios that are Supported by Modern Adaptive Control?

Stop and go cruise control.

Even driving bumper to bumper at low speeds can result in both discomfort for drivers and an increased risk of accidents. Traffic jam is a serious issuethroughout the globe & every city is faced with the challenge of optimising its traffic networks.

Adaptive cruise control on motorways works similarly to stop & go cruise control in slow traffic but stops or accelerates the vehicle automatically when the driver commands it.

Cruise control that is aware of speed limits

In situations in which the driver may need to adjust the ACC by hand, such as when passing a speed limit sign, intelligent cruise control, which uses the input from the traffic sign recognition system, will automatically adjust the set speed.

We accomplish this by combining camera and map data to produce accurate information about speed limits.

Cruise Control in Curves

When facing bends or turns, the driver usually needs to revise the cruise control speed set by adaptive cruise control, especially on country roads and junctions, but also when driving on motorways.

By taking into account a vehicle’s specific dynamics as well as curvature data from the Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) map, intelligent cruise control can help eliminate the need for human intervention while calculating the optimal speed for a given road segment.

As an added feature, the system also offers plenty of customization and can cater to drivers with sporty driving styles and show them the vehicle’s dynamic driving abilities.

Cruise control with turn-by-turn navigation

Recent advances in intelligent cruise control technology have enabled vehicles to accelerate and brake automatically at highway exits, entrances, junctions, and roundabouts.

The system continues to work even when the driver increases the vehicle speed by braking. As soon as the pedal is released, the system adjusts the vehicle speed to account for the next road feature the system detects.

For instance, a drivable profile through a roundabout depends on map data, as it relies on insights based on traffic signs stop, yield, traffic lights and information on the curvature at junctions.

Parking speed regulation

As with any car journey, the first and last steps involve controlling the speed when moving into a parking space or driveway. It is imperative to use extra sensors and to operate at very low speeds in order to facilitate such maneuvers.

Some of the ACCs that are currently in development address both self-parking and maneuvering through large lots.

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Forecasting adaptive cruise control anticipates potential road hazards

Cruise control systems with intelligent cruise control use a vehicle’s connectivity to enable early warnings and to automatically adjust speed during adverse conditions such as road accidents, broken vehicles on the road, or severe weather conditions such as icy roads.

Dynamic priority cruise control is a revolutionary innovation

A modern adaptive cruise control system has the capability to notice and automatically handle changing traffic lights and other vehicles at a junction. The application of intelligent driving strategies makes it possible to prioritize tasks and recognize rapidly changing situations with high confidence. In any case, the driver can observe vehicle actions and intervene when necessary.

Does the use of adaptive cruise control help in saving money?

Adaptive Cruise Control can help you in saving some money depending on the type of car that you drive.

When you drive at a consistent pace, your vehicle will use less fuel, so you won’t have to stop at the gas station as often, regardless of whether you drive a gasoline, diesel, or hybrid vehicle.

By setting the car to a certain speed, you could stay safely inside the speed limit and reduce your chances of receiving fines or penalty points.

Will it be a smart decision to buy a car with Adaptive Cruise Control?

If you or any other buyer is someone who loves to have all the latest technologies then an Adaptive Cruise Control system car is something you should definitely go for.

Likewise, if you or any buyer spends a lot of time travelling in a car, throughout the city, on busy motorways, or in a city with a lot of population and traffic then ACC can be of a lot of assistance by safely and properly navigating in those kinds of situations.

It’s worth considering how often you would actually use the system if you had it because models that come with ACC are more expensive, which means an extra grand or two on the price of a new car.

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Costing of Adaptive Cruise Control System Cost

The cost of an adaptive cruise control system varies depending on the amount It depends on how many features you want. If you want a full-featured ACC, you should be willing to spend anywhere between $2000 and $2500.

For those seeking a cruise control that would benefit speeds of up to 20-25 miles per hour, these more basic ACCs can be found for as little as $500. In the future, as ACCs become more common, they will most likely reduce in price.

Norms and Regulations for ACC

Adaptive cruise control is regulated under the European norm under ISO 15622 Intelligent transport systems which are Adaptive Control Systems, Performance requirements and test procedures.

The ACC standard defines ACCs as partial automation of longitudinal vehicle control that may reduce the workload of the driver while on roadways where pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles are prohibited. It does not address stationary objects.

In accordance with this standard, there are two categories of systems: the FSRA (full speed range) and the LSRA (limited speed range).

Can you add adaptive cruise control to your car if the car does not have the system inbuilt?

If you want to add the ACC feature to an older car that does not have the feature built-in, then fortunately it is possible to add adaptive cruise control (ACC) to that particular car that you desire.

When installing ACC to your vehicle, there are two major considerations to bear in mind:

The cost of installation depends on the type of car in which you want to install the ACC system.
The ability to install ACC on your car depends on whether the car was designed to support it or if you would have to install all of the additional components needed.

If the model of your car already has the components for installing ACC, it will be significantly cheaper to install it than if it does not.

A complete ACC system costs from $2000 to $2500, excluding any additional components or labour costs.

It is estimated that labour rates range between $47- $215 per hour for adaptive cruise control installation. Because this requires specialized knowledge, you can anticipate higher labour costs.

Some models require the use of a unique kit designed specifically for that vehicle.

This can have an impact on the cost of the components and labour.

It is significantly less expensive to install adaptive cruise control on a vehicle that already has it as an option than it is to undertake the work on one that does not.

ACC is an important feature of your vehicle. You shouldn’t let its cost stand in the way of your safety.

Is it Simple to Change From Regular Cruise Control to Adaptive Cruise Control?

Adaptive cruise control systems come in a variety of configurations.

The first is a tiny radar device that is situated directly behind the front grille or in front of the bumper. A laser system is used in some systems.

Other methods employ a stereoscopic camera setup. The system you select will determine how to switch from regular cruise control to ACC.

Some versions come with installation kits that you may follow the manufacturer’s instructions to install.

Each refit work is unique and requires a certain amount of customization. Some changes require the installation of a specific bracket beneath the bumper.

When you are installing a kit on a vehicle that already has it as an option, it is usually possible to do it with minimal mechanical knowledge and experience as long as you follow the instructions.

There are times when predrilled holes are available for use, so all you have to do is connect the wire harness to the system.

For a car that was manufactured previously when the option was available, installation and adjustment may require some mechanical expertise.

It may be necessary to use specialized tools or professional welding and bodywork expertise. In such a case, investing in a professional may prove worthwhile.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can i use adaptive cruise control on a manual shift car.

Having cruise control on a manual automobile is possible, but gear changes must be manually controlled when the vehicle slows or accelerates.

What is the location to toggle the adaptive cruise control button in my car?

In most cars, the cruise control button is located on the steering wheel for ease of use. The placement of the button, however, may differ depending on the brand and model.

Is it Possible to Install Adaptive Cruise Control on a Jeep?

Jeep was one of the first automakers to integrate ACC into its cars, beginning with Grand Cherokees in 2012. It was then added to Cherokee Limited, TrailHawk, and the Wrangler in 2014. In 2018, it was added to Cherokee Limited. The feature was added to the Wrangler in 2018, which requires that all previous models be updated.

Is it possible to install Adaptive Cruise Control on a BMW?

BMW is a premium car manufacturing company. Adaptive cruise control was introduced to BMW 3 and 5 series models in 2007. In 2009, it was added to the 7 series, in 2011, to the X5, and in 2014, it was included in the exempt Diesel. This feature was also added to BMW’s i3 and X3 models of 2014. It’s easy to install because many popular BMW models had ACC already.

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Cruise Control: How it Works, Types and Everything You Should Know

Learn how to effectively use cruise control in your vehicle. follow our simple instructions to optimize your driving experience.

Cruise control is a popular feature in modern vehicles that can make driving more comfortable and less stressful. There are several types of cruise control systems that drivers can choose from, depending on their driving conditions and preferences. Standard cruise control is the most basic system, which allows the driver to set a constant speed that the vehicle will maintain. Adaptive cruise control, on the other hand, uses sensors to detect the distance and speed of vehicles in front of the car, adjusting the vehicle’s speed accordingly to maintain a safe following distance.

Intelligent cruise control goes even further, using artificial intelligence to learn the driver’s behaviour and adjust the speed of the vehicle before the driver takes action. Stop-and-go cruise control is ideal for use in heavy traffic and can bring the vehicle to a complete stop if necessary, while speed limiters are designed to limit the maximum speed of the vehicle. Each type of cruise control system has its own advantages and disadvantages, and drivers should choose the one that best suits their needs.

What Is Cruise Control

Cruise control is a system within a vehicle that enables drivers to establish and sustain a specific speed without having to continuously press the accelerator pedal. The system uses electronic sensors to track the vehicle’s speed and automatically regulate the throttle and brakes to maintain the predetermined speed. Cruise controle is generally employed during extended trips on highways, where sustaining a constant speed can decrease driver tiredness and boost fuel economy. It is a common feature in modern automobiles, trucks, and other types of vehicles.

How it Works

Cruise control works by using a combination of electronic sensors, servos, and control algorithms to maintain a vehicle’s speed without requiring the driver to continuously press the accelerator pedal. Here is a step-by-step breakdown of how cruise controle works:

The driver activates cruise control by pressing a button or flipping a switch on the dashboard or steering wheel.
The system uses electronic sensors to measure the vehicle’s speed and other factors such as throttle position, engine load, and road grade.
The driver sets the desired speed by pressing a button or using a lever. The speed is usually displayed on the dashboard.
Once the speed is set, the cruise controle system takes over and maintains the speed by sending signals to the throttle and brakes as necessary.
If the vehicle encounters an incline or decline, the cruise control system adjusts the throttle to maintain a constant speed.
If the driver needs to slow down or stop, they can deactivate the cruise control by pressing the brake or clutch pedal, or by turning off the system using the control button.

In some modern cars, the cruise control system is enhanced with additional sensors and algorithms that enable it to adapt to the surrounding traffic and road conditions. These advanced systems are known as adaptive cruise control, intelligent cruise control, or active cruise control.

How To Use Cruise Control

Cruise control is a feature commonly found in modern vehicles that allows the driver to maintain a constant speed without having to keep their foot on the accelerator pedal. Here’s how to use cruise control:

Locate the cruise control button : The button is typically located on the steering wheel or dashboard. Check your owner’s manual if you’re having trouble finding it.
Activate cruise control : Once you’ve found the cruise control button, press it to turn on the system. You should see a light on the dashboard indicating that cruise control is active.
Accelerate to your desired speed : Using the accelerator pedal, accelerate to the speed you want to maintain.
Set the speed : Press the “set” or “res” button on the steering wheel to set the speed. The vehicle will maintain this speed until you cancel cruise control or apply the brakes.
Adjust the speed : To increase or decrease your speed, use the “+” or “-” buttons on the steering wheel.
Cancel cruise control : To turn off cruise control, press the “off” or “cancel” button on the steering wheel, or press the brake pedal.
Resume cruise control : If you cancel cruise control but want to resume it at the previous speed, press the “resume” button on the steering wheel.

Note: Always remember to pay attention to the road and adjust your speed as needed. Do not rely solely on cruise control while driving.

Advantages Of Cruise Control

Reduces driver fatigue : With cruise control engaged, the driver does not have to maintain constant pressure on the accelerator pedal. This can help reduce driver fatigue, particularly during long trips.
Conserves fuel : Cruise control helps maintain a consistent speed, which can result in better fuel efficiency. This is because the vehicle is not accelerating and decelerating as frequently, which can waste fuel.
Helps avoid speeding tickets : Cruise control can help drivers avoid speeding tickets, as they can set the desired speed and avoid accidentally exceeding the speed limit.
Improves safety : Maintaining a consistent speed with cruise control can help reduce the likelihood of sudden braking or acceleration, which can improve safety on the road.
Enhances driving experience : Cruise control can make driving more comfortable and less stressful, particularly in heavy traffic or on long trips.

Disadvantages Of Cruise Control

Limited use : Cruise controle is best suited for use on highways or other roads with minimal traffic and few curves. It may not be appropriate for use in heavy traffic or on winding roads, as it may not respond quickly enough to changing driving conditions.
Increases risk in hazardous conditions : Using cruise controle in hazardous conditions such as rain, ice, or snow can be dangerous. The driver may not be able to react quickly enough to changing conditions, and the vehicle may lose traction or spin out of control.
Can lead to complacency : Relying too heavily on cruise controle can lead to complacency and inattention while driving. The driver may become less aware of their surroundings or less attentive to the road.
May cause speed variations : Cruise controle may cause speed variations due to changes in road elevation, wind, or traffic conditions. This can be a problem if the driver is not paying attention and fails to adjust the speed manually.
May reduce driver engagement : Using cruise controle for extended periods of time may reduce driver engagement and enjoyment of the driving experience.

Types Of Cruise Control

Modern vehicles offer various types of cruise control systems to assist drivers in maintaining a steady speed. Here are some of the most common types of speed control.

1. Standard Cruise Control

Standard cruise control is the most basic form of speed control system that has been around for several decades. It allows the driver to set a desired speed and maintain it without having to keep their foot on the accelerator pedal. Once activated, the system uses electronic sensors to monitor the speed of the vehicle and automatically adjusts the throttle to maintain a constant speed.

With standard cruise controle, the vehicle will maintain the set speed regardless of changes in the road conditions, such as uphill or downhill slopes or curves. To deactivate the system, the driver can either apply the brakes or turn off the cruise control switch. Standard cruise controle can be found on many vehicles, from entry-level models to high-end luxury cars.

While it can help reduce driver fatigue and improve fuel economy on long drives, it requires the driver to remain attentive and adjust the speed manually if necessary. Therefore, it is important for drivers to use it responsibly and not rely solely on the system to maintain a safe driving experience.

Advantages of Standard Cruise Control

Reduced driver fatigue : By allowing the driver to set a constant speed and not having to keep their foot on the accelerator pedal, standard cruise control can help reduce driver fatigue and make long drives more comfortable.
Improved fuel efficiency : Maintaining a constant speed using cruise controle can improve fuel efficiency by reducing unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, resulting in lower fuel consumption.
Avoiding speeding tickets : Standard cruise control helps drivers avoid unintentionally exceeding the speed limit, which can result in costly speeding tickets.
Easier driving in heavy traffic : When driving in heavy traffic, using cruise controle can help reduce stress and allow drivers to focus on other aspects of driving, such as changing lanes and looking out for other drivers.
Consistent speed : By maintaining a consistent speed, standard cruise controle can provide a smoother driving experience, especially on long, open roads where it can be challenging to maintain a constant speed manually.

Disadvantages Of Standard Cruise Control

Limited functionality : Standard cruise control can only maintain a constant speed and does not adjust the speed based on traffic or road conditions. As a result, drivers must be attentive and make manual adjustments if necessary, especially in situations such as steep hills, winding roads, or heavy traffic.
Reduced control : By taking over the throttle, standard cruise controle can reduce the driver’s control over the vehicle, particularly in emergency situations that require quick acceleration or deceleration.
Safety risks : Standard cruise controle may pose a safety risk in some situations, such as when driving on wet or icy roads, where sudden changes in road conditions could cause the vehicle to skid or lose control.
Increased fuel consumption : In some cases, standard cruise controle can actually increase fuel consumption, particularly in stop-and-go traffic, where frequent acceleration and deceleration can lead to higher fuel consumption than maintaining a constant speed.
Maintenance and repair costs : If the cruise controle system malfunctions, it can be costly to repair or replace.

2. Adaptive Cruise Control

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an advanced form of speed control that uses sensors and radar to detect the distance between the driver’s car and the vehicle ahead, unlike other types of cruise control systems. This type of cruise control automatically adjusts the speed of the vehicle to maintain a safe following distance and can even bring the vehicle to a complete stop if necessary.

The system uses sensors and radar to detect the distance between the driver’s car and the vehicle ahead. If the vehicle ahead slows down or stops, the ACC system automatically applies the brakes to slow down or stop the car, maintaining a safe distance. When the road clears or the vehicle ahead moves faster, the ACC system accelerates the car to the driver’s set speed or the maximum speed limit.

Some ACC systems also come with collision warning systems that alert the driver if the car gets too close to the vehicle ahead. Some systems can also detect pedestrians, animals, or other obstacles and apply the brakes if necessary.

Advantages Of Adaptive Cruise Control

Enhanced safety : By automatically maintaining a safe distance from the vehicle ahead, adaptive cruise control can help reduce the risk of rear-end collisions, making it a valuable safety feature.
Reduced driver fatigue : Adaptive speed control can reduce driver fatigue by taking over the task of maintaining a safe following distance, especially in heavy traffic.
Increased convenience : ACC can make long drives more comfortable and less stressful, as the driver doesn’t have to constantly adjust the speed.
Fuel efficiency : By maintaining a constant speed and reducing unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, adaptive cruise control can help improve fuel efficiency.

Disadvantages Of Adaptive Cruise Control

High cost : ACC systems are more expensive than traditional cruise control systems.
Limited functionality : ACC may not work in all driving situations, such as on winding roads or in heavy rain or snow.
Over-reliance : Drivers may become too reliant on the ACC system and neglect to pay attention to the road and other vehicles, which can lead to accidents.
Complex operation : ACC systems can be complex and difficult to operate, requiring drivers to understand how the system works and how to use it correctly.

3. Intelligent Cruise Control

Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC), also known as Active Cruise Control (ACC), is an advanced form of cruise controle that uses sensors and cameras to detect the distance and speed of the vehicles ahead. ICC not only maintains a safe distance from the vehicle ahead but also adjusts the speed of the vehicle to match the flow of traffic.

The system uses a forward-facing camera and sensors to detect the speed and distance of the vehicle in front of the driver. If the vehicle ahead slows down or speeds up, ICC automatically adjusts the speed of the driver’s car to maintain a safe following distance. Unlike regular speed control, ICC can also bring the car to a complete stop and resume driving when the vehicle ahead starts moving again.

ICC systems can also recognize lane markings and keep the car centred within the lane, providing additional safety and convenience benefits. Some ICC systems can even detect and respond to pedestrians and other obstacles, providing an added layer of safety.

Advantages Of Intelligent Cruise Control

Increased safety : By automatically adjusting the speed and maintaining a safe following distance, ICC can help prevent accidents and reduce the risk of collisions.
Reduced driver fatigue : ICC can reduce driver fatigue and make long drives more comfortable, especially in heavy traffic.
Improved fuel efficiency : By maintaining a constant speed and reducing unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, ICC can help improve fuel efficiency.
Enhanced convenience : ICC can make driving more convenient and less stressful, as the system takes care of maintaining a safe distance and speed.

Disadvantages Of Intelligent Cruise Control

High cost : ICC systems can be expensive, especially in luxury cars.
Complex operation : ICC systems can be complex and difficult to operate, requiring drivers to understand how the system works and how to use it correctly.
Limited functionality : ICC may not work in all driving situations, such as on winding roads or in heavy rain or snow.
Over-reliance : Drivers may become too reliant on the ICC system and neglect to pay attention to the road and other vehicles, which can lead to accidents.

4. Stop-and-Go Cruise Control

Stop-and-Go Cruise Control is an advanced form of speed control, Unlike other types of cruise controle systems. It can maintain a safe distance from the vehicle ahead, even in stop-and-go traffic. This type of cruise controle is designed to help drivers reduce stress and fatigue when driving in heavy traffic conditions. The system uses sensors and cameras to detect the distance and speed of the vehicle ahead.

When traffic slows down or comes to a stop, the Stop-and-Go Cruise Control system automatically applies the brakes to bring the car to a complete stop. When the traffic ahead starts moving again, the system automatically accelerates the car to follow the flow of traffic.

Stop-and-Go speed control systems can help reduce the stress and fatigue of driving in heavy traffic, as the system takes care of maintaining a safe distance and speed. Some systems also have the ability to recognize and respond to pedestrians and other obstacles, providing an added layer of safety.

Advantages Of Stop-and-Go Cruise Control

Reduced driver fatigue : Stop-and-Go Cruise controle can reduce driver fatigue and make long drives in heavy traffic more comfortable.
Increased safety : By automatically adjusting the speed and maintaining a safe following distance, Stop-and-Go Cruise controle can help prevent accidents and reduce the risk of collisions.
Enhanced convenience : Stop-and-Go speed control can make driving in heavy traffic more convenient and less stressful, as the system takes care of maintaining a safe distance and speed.
Improved fuel efficiency : By maintaining a constant speed and reducing unnecessary acceleration and deceleration, Stop-and-Go Cruise controle can help improve fuel efficiency.

Disadvantages Of Stop-and-Go Cruise Control

Limited functionality : Stop-and-Go speed control may not work in all driving situations, such as on winding roads or in heavy rain or snow.
High cost : Stop-and-Go speed control systems can be expensive, especially in luxury cars.
Complex operation : Stop-and-Go speed control systems can be complex and difficult to operate, requiring drivers to understand how the system works and how to use it correctly.
Over-reliance : Drivers may become too reliant on the system and neglect to pay attention to the road and other vehicles, which can lead to accidents.

5. Speed Limiter

A speed limiter is a type of speed control system that is designed to limit the maximum speed of a vehicle. Unlike other types of cruise control systems, which maintain a set speed, a speed limiter prevents a vehicle from exceeding a certain speed limit.

Speed limiters can be installed in vehicles as a safety feature, particularly in commercial vehicles like trucks and buses. These vehicles are often required by law to have speed limiters installed, as they can help prevent accidents caused by excessive speed. In addition, speed limiters can help improve fuel efficiency and reduce wear and tear on the vehicle’s engine and brakes.

There are two main types of speed limiters :

Hard limiters : These limiters prevent a vehicle from exceeding a certain speed limit, typically set by the manufacturer. Once the limit is set, it cannot be exceeded, even in emergency situations. Soft limiters : These limiters allow the vehicle to exceed the set speed limit in certain situations, such as when overtaking or accelerating to merge onto a highway. However, the limiter will still prevent the vehicle from exceeding the maximum speed limit.

Advantages Of Speed Limiter

Increased safety : Speed limiters can help prevent accidents caused by excessive speed, especially in commercial vehicles.
Reduced fuel consumption : By limiting the maximum speed of a vehicle, speed limiters can help improve fuel efficiency.
Reduced wear and tear : Speed limiters can help reduce wear and tear on a vehicle’s engine and brakes, extending the life of the vehicle.
Compliance with regulations : In some countries, commercial vehicles are required by law to have speed limiters installed.

Disadvantages Of Speed Limiter

Limited functionality : Speed limiters may not be effective in preventing all types of accidents or speeding violations.
Reduced driver control : Some drivers may feel uncomfortable with a speed limiter installed, as it restricts their ability to control the vehicle’s speed.
Maintenance costs : Speed limiters may require maintenance and calibration, which can be costly.

It’s important to remember that cruise control is not a substitute for attentive driving. Drivers should always remain aware of their surroundings and be ready to take control of the vehicle at any time. Additionally, drivers should not use speed control in certain situations, such as in heavy traffic, on wet or slippery roads, or when driving in mountainous terrain. Overall, it can be a helpful tool for long-distance driving on open roads, but drivers should always use it with caution and be aware of its limitations.

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Adaptive Cruise Control in Cars

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), also known as Dynamic cruise control, is an advanced version of cruise control. It is used in modern vehicles to maintain distance from the preceding vehicle. Adaptive cruise control can control the speed and braking system to avoid collisions. The normal cruise control system can only maintain the speed pre-set by the driver. However, the adaptive cruise control system can accelerate or brake as per the situation, after the pre-set speed. Following we will discuss how to use adaptive cruise control along with its features.

How it Works

The ACC works differently from ordinary cruise control systems . It works on a pre-set speed limit. It adjusts the vehicle speed according to the traffic and preceding cars. usually works on the basis of sensors that are located at the front of ACC. These sensors continuously monitor the road and preceding vehicles.

If a slower speed vehicle comes in front of the car it will reduce the acceleration or engage the braking system. Similarly, if a vehicle changes lanes or speeds up, the Adaptive Cruise Control will accelerate accordingly.

adaptive cruise control with stop and go function in car

However, if the road is empty it will drive the car at the maximum speed set by the driver. It can be activated at a speed of 30 km/h or above. Whereas, adaptive cruise control with stop and go feature can be activated below 30 km/h.

Types of Adaptive Cruise Control

The adaptive cruise control with stop and go feature is getting modernised with time and new technologies are being used in the system. Following are the different types of ACC currently used in commercial vehicles.

Laser-Based

The laser-based ACC works on laser technology. A big black box is placed in the front grille of the vehicle to detect any potential hazard or car. However, cruise control failure can occur in rainy weather, as it often stops functioning during rain.

Radar-Based

It is one of the oldest and most efficient technologies used in ACC. small sensors are placed on the front and rear bumper of the car to monitor the road. These sensors work in a collaborative manner and over all sides of the vehicle. The sensor position and shape can vary from model to model.

drivers must know how to use adaptive cruise control

Multi-Sensor Based

The multi-sensor ACC utilizes more than one type of sensor to provide a detailed picture of the car’s surroundings. It can use GPS information or a camera to capture even minute details. This ACC can provide complete geographical information of the surrounding car.

Binocular Computer Vision System

The Binocular Computer Vision System ACC is completely based on the footage collected from the camera. These cameras are generally located at the back of the rearview mirror and capture all the elements in front of the car.

Predictive Systems

The predictive ACC is completely dependent on the sensory data collected. It prefers passenger safety and may stop or slow down the vehicle if it senses any danger. It can even stop the vehicle if it detects a car changing lanes in speed.

How to Use Adaptive Cruise Control

The ACC is an advanced feature of modern vehicles, but its effectiveness depends on multiple external factors. See the following useful tips to ignore any discomfort while using ACC.

ACC may not work properly in extreme weather conditions like rain or fog. Make sure not to completely rely on ACC in these climatic conditions.
Always check your user manual to ensure that ACC will slow down your vehicle or not.

Where to Use Adaptive Cruise Control

If you are travelling on the freeways or highways often then adaptive cruise control is the best feature for your car. It can control the acceleration and braking system letting the driver focus on other driving essentials. However, it is different from self-driving cars , it requires your attention and control. It is worth it if you are willing to control and take over in case of an emergency.

Adaptive cruise control is an example of modern convenience and luxury in vehicles. If you are also interested in using this technology, browse through these used cars for sale in the UAE .

List of Cars With Adaptive Cruise Control

Following is the list of cars with adaptive cruise control that are advanced and can cater to all the needs.

Buy second-hand Mazda 3 2021 for sale in the UAE
Purchase used Nissan Maxima 2020 for sale in the UAE
Buy used Hyundai Sonata 2021 for sale in the UAE

How to reset adaptive cruise control?

To reset adaptive cruise control (ACC):

Stop the vehicle.
Access ACC settings (usually through the infotainment system).
Find the reset or calibration option.
Follow on-screen prompts or adjust settings.
Test the ACC by driving.

For detailed instructions, consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual.

How to use adaptive cruise control?

To use adaptive cruise control (ACC):

Activate ACC.
Set your desired speed.
Set the following distance.
Engage ACC.
Keep hands on the wheel and monitor the road.
ACC adjusts the speed as needed.
Deactivate ACC by tapping the brakes or using controls.

Does adaptive cruise control work in fog?

Adaptive cruise control may have limited functionality in foggy conditions due to reduced sensor effectiveness. In thick fog, it may not work properly and should not be solely relied upon for driving.

Stay tuned to UAE’s top auto blog for more information on cruise control.

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Which BMW Models Have Active Cruise Control?

I’m thinking about getting a BMW sedan, however since I frequently travel via highway, I want to make sure it includes adaptive cruise control. What makes are included as standard?

In less than two minutes, find out if your auto insurance is being overcharged.

Adaptive cruise control is a fantastic feature to have in your BMW, and the following 2021 models come standard with it:

Autonomous cruise control

BMW 2 Series convertible and coupe
Gran Coupe, BMW 2 Series
4 Series BMW

Hands-on lane centering and adaptive cruise control

Adaptive cruise control, hands-on lane guidance, and hands-free lane guidance only at lower speeds

3 Series BMW
5 Series BMW
7 Series BMW
8 Series BMW

Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go is how the BMW adaptive cruise control comes to a stop. Additionally, some versions come equipped with Active Lane Keeping Assist and Extended Traffic Jam Assistant, which enable manual lane-centering steering to stop the car in specific traffic situations.

Regardless of whether your BMW has adaptive cruise control, you must make sure it is adequately covered by insurance. When you browse for auto insurance with Jerry, you may locate the necessary coverage at the lowest cost. Simply download the app, provide some information, and Jerry will search more than 50 insurers to bring you the best offers. Savings with no hassles or paperwork.

In This Article...

Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go is Coming to the BMW X3 and X4 in April

Unexpectedly or not, the facelifted BMW X3 and X4 cars, which were launched late last year, did not come standard with the most recent Active Cruise Control capabilities. This will alter in April when the SUV and Sports Activity Coupe will both be equipped with the most recent Stop & Go technology. One of the most helpful features you can receive in a BMW is the Active Cruise Control functionality, especially for prolonged highway drives. This is due to the fact that it offers several unique features in addition to Adaptive Cruise Control. Unlike the already-standard cruise control with braking function, it also maintains the distance to vehicles ahead, which the driver can decide in four phases, between 30 and 160 km/h (20 and 100 mph).

A radar sensor built into the front bumper is used for distance management, and if necessary, it will cause the automobile to slow down or come to a complete stop. Automatic resumption after brief intermediate stops of up to three seconds is also included in the list of features. Additionally, the technology gives the driver the choice to quickly change their intended speed to one of the speed restrictions registered by the Systems Speed Limit Info traffic sign recognition system.

All of this is a part of the typical Spring model improvements that BMW regularly provides for its vehicles. The Bavarian brand updates its models twice a year in the spring and fall, adding new technology, extra options, and occasionally new paint colors or interior materials. Few surprises were left when the BMW X3 and X4 models, which are relatively new to the market, were presented. Apparently, Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go was one of them, but all will be resolved in April.

The best adaptive cruise control is found in the BMW 3 Series.

Each car’s adaptive cruise control varies a little since different manufacturers offer different features. Speed limit signs, for example, can be detected by the more sophisticated ACC models, which can then modify. This takes us to the BMW 3 Series’ integrated sensory technology and the greatest adaptive cruise control.

The BMW 3 Series analyzes the surroundings outside using cameras, radar, and ultrasonic sensors. For prolonged traffic congestion, the ACC in the 3 Series uses “stop and go” brake technology.

The BMW 3 Series’ ACC, as we previously mentioned, can keep an eye out for traffic signs and decipher what the suggested speed limit is.

The BMW 3 Series additionally includes steering and lane control assistance, as well as a cross-traffic alert, in addition to the “stop and go” braking. The 3 Series is one of the safest vehicles on the road when active side collision avoidance and a lane-keeping aid are included.

With Stop & Go functionality, active cruise control.

Just pick your preferred cruising pace, then unwind: If a slower car moves into the lane in front of you, Active Cruise Control will automatically slow you down until you come to a complete stop.

When stopped for less than three seconds, the BMW 5 Series Sedan moves forward automatically. Longer periods of inactivity require pressing a button on the steering wheel before the car will move off and speed back up to the designated cruise speed.

A 650-foot-range radar sensor continuously gauges the separation between you and the car in front of you and determines which lane the car is in.

There is a lot of video content on the website after this one. This could result in longer loading times for slower internet connections (like those made possible by modems or ISDN).

What ought I to watch out for?

Language used by Audi varies. At speeds up to about 40 mph, Traffic Jam Assist offers hands-on lane-centering steering. Above about 40 mph, Active Lane Assist, which Audi also refers to as lane centering, functions. Search for Adaptive Cruise Control with Stop and Go, also known as Adaptive Cruise Control or Adaptive Cruise Assist, to find adaptive cruise control. Every 2021 Audi model has it, with the exception of the R8 and TT sports cars. The Active Lane Assist feature is also available on the TT, however it is not lane centering. It should be noted that the Audi A3 bypassed the 2021 model year and that the revamped 2022 model year will have lane centering and adaptive cruise control to a stop.

Are there adaptive cruise controls on every BMW?

Despite not being designated as such, Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems are frequently included in contemporary BMW models. Search for the phrases Active Cruise Control and Dynamic Cruise Control instead.

Dynamic Cruise Control is a relatively straightforward improvement over conventional cruise control. It is adept at maintaining a particular speed and deploying the brakes when necessary. This indicates that it doesn’t quite qualify as an ACC system.

On the other hand, Active Cruise Control is an adaptive system in all but name. The ability to select and maintain a distance behind other vehicles is one of many enhancements made to a standard system by the Active Cruise Control supplied by BMW.

Let’s examine some of the factors that make drivers adore adaptive cruise control:

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Is adaptive cruise control a part of the BMW Active Driving Assistant?

Can anyone confirm (or refute) that the following is a standard feature of the UK’s M50? It is part of the Driving Assistant Professional optional package.

A driver assistance system with cameras and radar called Driving Assistant Professional provides the highest level of comfort and safety while driving in boring or challenging conditions. It contains:

Utilizing radar sensors in the bumper, active cruise control with approach control controls the distance from the car in front. In stop-and-go traffic and traffic jams that have reached a full standstill, it automatically maintains distance and queue pace.

This implies that it is not included in the normal “Driving Assistant” bundle. I find it incomprehensible that the typical M50 (or any i4 for that matter) lacks it.

Are there adaptive cruise controls on the BMW 5 Series?

With 4 levels of closeness to choose from, the Active Cruise Control with Stop&Go feature is functional at speeds between 30 km/h and 210 km/h and aids in maintaining a safe distance from the vehicles ahead. In a risky circumstance, it can bring the 5 Series to a complete stop if necessary.

Can a BMW have adaptive cruise control installed?

I was considering the BMW’s adaptive cruise control option, but I’m not sure if I really need it. If I don’t receive it before I buy the car, can I add it later?

A useful feature is adaptive cruise control, especially if you travel long distances at high speeds. After purchase, you can add adaptive cruise control to your BMW, but it won’t be the same system that comes pre-installed in BMWs. Additional adjustments or alterations to the vehicle’s system might be necessary.

Without factoring in installation, you should expect to pay between $2,000 and $2,500 for the system alone. This is for the best system available, which operates at speeds between 60 mph and a complete stop.

The good news is that most BMWs already feature adaptive cruise control, so you won’t need to worry about purchasing it separately. Leave the function inactive if it’s one you don’t wish to use.

While having adaptive cruise control is helpful when driving for a long distance, you should also make sure you have a reliable insurance policy to keep you covered. You can find the best quotes from more than 55 major insurers in less than 45 seconds with Jerry, the number one auto insurance super app. Simply download the app, provide some information, and Jerry will find you discounts on the ideal coverage.

Could Active Cruise Control be added?

Recently, I tested out the adaptive cruise control feature in a friend’s automobile. My older car doesn’t have the function, which is a shame because I appreciated how it helped me regulate my speed and stay a safe distance from other cars. Is it possible for me to upgrade my car’s adaptive cruise control?

I’m sorry to learn that this fantastic feature is not present in your car. Adaptive cruise control (ACC) can, thankfully, be added to vehicles that do not currently have it.

When installing ACC in your vehicle, keep the following two things in mind:

Whether or not your car was built to accommodate ACC installation will depend on whether you need to install all of the additional needed components or not.

If an automobile already has the necessary installation parts, installing ACC into it will be substantially less expensive than if it doesn’t.

The price of ACC is between $2000 and $2500, not counting any additional parts or labor costs.

ACC is a crucial automotive feature, and you shouldn’t let the price prevent you from being safe. Jerry can help you save money on auto insurance so you have more money for other car amenities.

To find you the greatest deal on vehicle insurance, Jerry will compare the best offers from aggressive brokers in only 45 seconds. Simply download the app, fill out your information, and then relax while the hard work is done for you!

Is adaptive the same as active cruise control?

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a sophisticated type of cruise control that enables cars to automatically speed up and slow down to keep up with traffic in front of them.

ACC is sometimes referred to as active cruise control, autonomous cruise control, radar cruise control, and intelligent cruise control. Whatever name it goes by, it’s a feature that’s showing up in more and more new cars.

Which vehicles have lane assist and adaptive cruise control?

Toyota Camry 2021.
Toyota C-HR 2021.
Toyota Corolla 2021.
Toyota Highlander 2021
Toyota Mirai for 2021.
Toyota Prius in 2021.
Toyota RAV4 in 2021.
Toyota Sienna 2021

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6 Common Leadership Styles — and How to Decide Which to Use When

Rebecca Knight

Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances call for different approaches.

Research suggests that the most effective leaders adapt their style to different circumstances — be it a change in setting, a shift in organizational dynamics, or a turn in the business cycle. But what if you feel like you’re not equipped to take on a new and different leadership style — let alone more than one? In this article, the author outlines the six leadership styles Daniel Goleman first introduced in his 2000 HBR article, “Leadership That Gets Results,” and explains when to use each one. The good news is that personality is not destiny. Even if you’re naturally introverted or you tend to be driven by data and analysis rather than emotion, you can still learn how to adapt different leadership styles to organize, motivate, and direct your team.

Much has been written about common leadership styles and how to identify the right style for you, whether it’s transactional or transformational, bureaucratic or laissez-faire. But according to Daniel Goleman, a psychologist best known for his work on emotional intelligence, “Being a great leader means recognizing that different circumstances may call for different approaches.”

RK Rebecca Knight is a journalist who writes about all things related to the changing nature of careers and the workplace. Her essays and reported stories have been featured in The Boston Globe, Business Insider, The New York Times, BBC, and The Christian Science Monitor. She was shortlisted as a Reuters Institute Fellow at Oxford University in 2023. Earlier in her career, she spent a decade as an editor and reporter at the Financial Times in New York, London, and Boston.

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Molecular causes of different functions of opioid receptors

Potent active substances.

Drugs that target opioid receptors sometimes have severe side effects. Thousands of people around the world die every day from overdoses involving opioids such as fentanyl. An international team of researchers has taken a closer look at the molecular mechanisms of these active substances. The research, carried out by Dr Matthias Elgeti, a biophysicist at Leipzig University, in collaboration with research groups from the US and China, has now been published in the journal Nature .

Opioid receptors are of great pharmacological interest because opioid substances regulate the perception of pain. "Our findings provide insights into how an opioid receptor can perform different functions. It is able to reduce pain, but also to regulate digestion or breathing," explains Dr Elgeti, co-first author of the study from the Institute for Drug Discovery at the Faculty of Medicine.

In the current study, the biophysicist collaborated with international scientists, including the research group of Nobel laureate Brian Kobilka from Stanford University. They discovered that superagonists, such as fentanyl, stabilise a state of the receptor that causes particularly effective and long-lasting signal transmission. This means that superagonists are particularly potent and therefore dangerous. In the current study, the researchers used electron spin resonance and single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to determine different states of the opioid receptor and the structural effects of different binding partners.

Opioid receptors are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which control many signalling processes in the body, such as taste and smell, while others bind neurotransmitters and hormones or are activated by light. Understanding the molecular interactions of these receptors with drugs and other signalling proteins is very important for drug development. As all GPCRs are structurally very similar, the researchers hope that their findings on the opioid receptor can be applied to other receptors.

"This study involved isolating the opioid receptors. They are normally found in the body's cells, interacting with many other proteins and molecules. Further research into the molecular interactions is therefore needed to gain a full understanding of the regulatory mechanisms," says Dr Elgeti. The new study is an important building block in basic research, with further studies needed to ultimately develop better and safer medicines.

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Story Source:

Materials provided by Universität Leipzig . Original written by Anne Grimm; translation: Matthew Rockey. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

Jiawei Zhao, Matthias Elgeti, Evan S. O’Brien, Cecília P. Sár, Amal EI Daibani, Jie Heng, Xiaoou Sun, Elizabeth White, Tao Che, Wayne L. Hubbell, Brian K. Kobilka, Chunlai Chen. Ligand efficacy modulates conformational dynamics of the µ-opioid receptor . Nature , 2024; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07295-2

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Ukraine-Russia war latest: Kremlin responds to US shift on military aid; deadliest strike in weeks claims more victims

Follow our Ukraine war live page for all the latest developments and analysis of the conflict. Listen to a Daily podcast episode on the notion of the UK putting troops on the ground in Ukraine as you scroll.

Thursday 18 April 2024 16:59, UK

Deadliest strike in weeks claims more victims
Kremlin responds to US shift on aid to Ukraine

Two arrested in Germany on Russian spy charges

Ukraine launches attack on Russian airfield in Crimea
Mark Stone: Ukraine funding vote is a curious twist in America's political chaos
The big picture: What's happening with the war this week?
Your questions answered: How long will it take for any aid to turn the tide militarily?
Live reporting by Guy Birchall

That's it from our live coverage of the war in Ukraine for today.

We'll be back again with more updates, but here's a round up of a day that saw the death toll from the worst Russian strike in weeks rise to 18.

Another 78 were wounded when three missiles slammed into the northern city of Chernihiv, causing a building to collapse.

The strike redoubled Volodymyr Zelenskyy's calls for further air defence munitions, and forced that issue high up the agenda of a meeting of G7 foreign ministers in Italy.

It even seemed to spark some progress in Washington, where funding for Ukraine has been tangled up in political squabbles for more than 40 months.

Two men were arrested in Germany for allegedly plotting sabotage attacks, including on American military facilities, in an effort to undermine support for Ukraine, according toGerman prosecutors.

Authorities searched the homes and workplaces of the two suspects, both German-Russian nationals, who are accused of working for a foreign secret service.

Berlin's foreign ministry later summoned the Russian ambassador following the arrests.

Other key facts from the day include:

Ukraine launches attack on Russian airfield in Crimea;
Kremlin claims US aid won't help Ukraine;
Russia claims Ukraine strike the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant.

Ukraine needs $42bn (£34bn) in budgetary support this year as it continues to fight the Russian invasion, the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said.

IMF managing director Kristalina Georgieva said Russia's war against Ukraine needed to end, calling it both a human tragedy and a drag on growth prospects for the global economy.

She added that she saw global support for Ukraine remaining firm.

G7 members are considering using nearly $300bn (£240bn) in frozen Russian assets as collateral to provide loans to Ukraine.

European Commission executive vice president Valdis Dombrovskis made the revelation at a meeting of the group's foreign ministers in Italy.

He added that different options were also under consideration, and the discussions were ongoing.

Mr Dombrovskis said he hoped the EU - where the bulk of the frozen assets are held - would approve a separate EU measure in coming months to use the profits or interest earned on the assets to help Ukraine.

NATO is working to send more air defence systems to Ukraine, secretary general Jens Stoltenberg has said.

Speaking at a meeting of foreign ministers of the G7, he said: "We have compiled data about the different air defence systems we have in NATO and focused on the Patriot systems.

"And we are working with allies to ensure that they redeploy some of their systems to Ukraine.

"I am encouraged by the commitment and the determination by NATO allies to stand up for Ukraine."

Mr Stoltenberg added that he was seeing encouraging signs that the US Congress might soon pass an aid package for Ukraine.

Here are the latest pictures from the front and from behind the lines as the war in Ukraine rages on.

Ukrainian strikes in Russia

A couple stand near a house damaged by a Ukrainian drone attack in Voronezh, Russia.

Several structures were destroyed in the strike.

G7 foreign ministers meet in Italy

Ukraine's air defences is a key issue for ministers gathered on the Italian island of Capri, following a German appeal on Wednesday to the European Union and NATO to do more to help Kyiv.

German president inspects troops

German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier visited Bundeswher troops training in Munster, Germany.

Much of the tank training Ukrainian troops have undergone has taken place near the western German city.

Prague protest

Protesters carry wooden crosses in the colours of the Ukrainian flag and place them in front of the US embassy in Prague in protest at the lives lost due to "American hesitancy" during a rally called "Defend Ukrainian skies" in the Czech capital.

G7 foreign ministers have warned that Ukraine risks being defeated by Russia unless it receives more air defences.

More than two years into Russia's full-scale invasion, Kyiv is facing an ammunition shortage, with vital American funding still tied up in political wrangling on Capitol Hill and the EU failing to deliver sufficient munitions promptly.

The ministers began a second day of talks on the Italian island of Capri by discussing the Middle East crisis and were expected to turn to Ukraine in the afternoon, when they were due to be joined by the head of NATO and Ukraine's foreign minister.

The EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell, who attends G7 gatherings alongside his American Italian, German, French, British, Japanese and Canadian counterparts, urged EU nations to hand over air defence systems to help Ukraine protect its cities from Russia, which is targeting key infrastructure.

"Otherwise, the electricity system of Ukraine will be destroyed. And no country can fight without having electricity at home, in the factories, online, for everything," he told reporters.

Russian air defences shot down what they described as five Ukrainian balloons overnight, according to the Kremlin's defence ministry.

Neither Moscow nor Kyiv have provided details about the balloons, which Russian authorities reported appearing on the battlefield in recent weeks.

According to Russian news reports, the Ukrainian balloons are equipped with a GPS module and carry explosives.

They are allegedly are harder to detect and could carry larger payloads than conventional, smaller drones.

It is not clear if the balloons are lifted by helium, hot air or something else entirely.

They aren't controllable once in the air, with the GPS module likely being used to co-ordinate the release of explosives if the balloon floats over a specific area.

Three Ukrainian balloons and one drone were downed over the Voronezh region, which borders the occupied Luhansk region of Ukraine.

Two others were intercepted in the Belgorod region of Russia next to Ukraine, according to the Russian defence ministry.

As well as the balloons, Russia claimed it intercepted two Ukrainian tactical missiles, 19 rockets and 16 drones during the night.

A Russian missile attack on Dnipropetrovsk region this morning damaged an infrastructure facility and a business, a local official said.

Two people were injured and taken to hospital, according to the regional governor, who added that the attack caused fires at two sites.

Ukraine's air force issued a warning of a ballistic missile threat ahead of the strike.

Moscow has stepped up combined missile and drone strikes targeting Ukraine's power grid in recent weeks, resulting in significant damage.

The Kremlin has also increased its use of harder-to-intercept ballistic missiles.

The Kremlin claims that any new American military aid for Ukraine (see 9.36 post) won't change the situation at the front, which it described as "unfavourable" for Kyiv's forces.

Spokesman Dmitry Peskov then said US aid, would, however, help the US defence industry and leave Ukraine in debt.

Assuming a bill in the House of Representatives passes, Ukraine will be the recipient of more than $60bn (£48bn) of lethal aid from Washington.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has been calling on Ukraine's allies to provide more support, particularly air defence weapons, in light of increased missile bombardment by Russia.

Berlin's foreign ministry has summoned the Russian ambassador following the arrest of two German-Russian nationals on suspicion of plotting sabotage attacks, including on US military facilities, in Germany Bild reports.

Germany has become one of Kyiv's biggest suppliers of military aid since the war began and is a major target for Russian spying operations, according to authorities in Berlin.

"Our security authorities have prevented possible explosive attacks that were intended to target and undermine our military assistance to Ukraine," Interior Minister Nancy Faeser said earlier.

"It is a particularly serious case of alleged spy activity for Putin's criminal regime."

The Kremlin earlier denied knowledge of the arrests.

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Simple to use, all you need to do is turn on the system in your vehicle, reach your desired cruising speed, and set it. The system then assumes control of the accelerator, maintaining the set ...
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Whereas, adaptive cruise control with stop and go feature can be activated below 30 km/h. Types of Adaptive Cruise Control. The adaptive cruise control with stop and go feature is getting modernised with time and new technologies are being used in the system. Following are the different types of ACC currently used in commercial vehicles. Laser ...
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Common cruise control icon on dashboards specified by ISO-7000-2047, ISO 2575:2010, and ISO 6727. Another icon exists for the more modern adaptive cruise control, but some cars also use the cruise control icon for the speed limiter function, which has no standard icon.. Cruise control (also known as speed control, cruise command, autocruise, or tempomat) is a system that automatically controls ...
Active and Dynamic Cruise Control
BMW's Active Cruise Control allows you to set the distance to be maintained from the vehicle in front of you while driving. To decrease or increase simply adjust distance via controls on the left side of the steering wheel. The distance will be visible via the instrument cluster on your dashboard.
Which BMW Models Have Active Cruise Control?
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a sophisticated type of cruise control that enables cars to automatically speed up and slow down to keep up with traffic in front of them. ACC is sometimes referred to as active cruise control, autonomous cruise control, radar cruise control, and intelligent cruise control.
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BMW Motorcycles with Active Cruise Control — R 1250 RT, BMW R 18 Transcontinental / Bagger, R 1300 GS. BMW R 1250 RT — now with adaptive cruise control. BMW first announced that the 2021 model of the BMW R 1250 RT would have adaptive cruise control. BMW has also given adaptive cruise to the BMW R 18 Transcontinental and Bagger, its two full ...
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