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The Best Guide to Travel in Kazakhstan: 18 things you should know to visit Kazakhstan in 2024

This is the most complete and updated online guide to travel in Kazakhstan. If you find yourself fascinated by this vast, beautiful country and love unusual destinations , this travel guide will tell you everything you need to know to prepare you to visit Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan , a former Soviet republic, is a Central Asian country that extends West from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains in the East. It’s one of the few countries in the world that can still be considered an off-the-beaten-path destination.

Kazakhstan borders both Russia and China and is the 9th largest country in the world so there’s a lot for you to explore. The word Kazakhstan literally translates to ‘the Land of the Wanderers’.

From arid plains, endless steppes, and dusty desert villages where you’ll see more camels than people; to lush valleys, snow-capped mountains, and modern cities, travel in Kazakhstan will surprise you every step of the way.

This travel guide will provide you with useful and up-to-date travel information regarding Covid 19, Kazakhstan travel tips, and recommendations to visit Kazakhstan.

Disclaimer: This posts might contain affiliate links, meaning that if you make a purchase through these links, I may earn an affiliate commission. Thank you for helping to support this website!

Kazakhstan Travel Essentials & Resources

• 18 useful things you should know to visit Kazakhstan
• The 26 best places to visit in Kazakhstan
• 15 useful safety tips to travel in Kazakhstan
• Kazakhstan Railway Guide: How to travel in Kazakhstan by train
• Plan your trip: Itinerary Planning for Kazakhstan
• Tours & Experiences: City Tours, Adventure Tours
• Visa: Check the required Kazakhstan travel documents!
• Getting there: Search for flights to Almaty or Nur Sultan
• Where to stay : Find a hotel, hostel, guesthouse or homestay in Kazakhstan
• Travel Insurance: Choose the best travel insurance for Kazakhzstan
• Getting around : Rent a car in Kazakhstan or travel by train

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Visit Kazakhstan in 2024 – Kazakhstan Entry Requirements

As the world regains some kind of new ‘normal’ following the global pandemic, it’s really important that you do your research on the current regulations in place regarding Covid-19.

You may be wondering, ‘is Kazakhstan open for tourism?’ and the answer would be yes. The majority of Kazakhstan travel restrictions have been lifted and international flights into and out of the country have now resumed. All commercial flights to and from Kazakhstan are operating as normal too.

1.1 Kazakhstan entry Requirements COVID

Travelers arriving in Kazakhstan no longer need to present a negative PCR test result or proof of vaccination.

Almost all Covid restrictions have been lifted in Kazakhstan, except for medical facilities where face coverings must still be worn.

Upon taking your outgoing flight from Kazakhstan, you may be screened and have your temperature taken and assessed for any coronavirus symptoms. It’s still important that you check with your airline for the latest updated travel information.

1.2 Kazakhstan vaccination requirements

It is not compulsory to get any vaccinations in order to travel to Kazakhstan. You only need proof of a yellow fever vaccination if you’re arriving from a country where there’s a risk of yellow fever.

2.  Do I need a visit to travel in Kazakhstan?

2.1 kazakhstan visa requirements.

For the last few years, due to the global pandemic, Kazakhstan’s visa-free regime has been suspended. However, in 2022, it has now been reinstated. If your country is on this list , you’ll have to apply for a visa at the embassy where your residence is.

However, the embassies are willing to make an exception if you don’t have an embassy in your home country. Find out what you need to apply for a visa for Kazakhstan here .

There is a list of the countries eligible to visit Kazakhstan without a visa. If your country is on the list , you’ll get a free visa (in the form of a stamp and a registration card) on arrival at the airport or at any land border.

The Kazakhstan Tourist visa is valid for a single visit of up to 30 days, two visits of up to 30 days each within a 60-day period, or three visits of up to 30 days each within a 90-day period.

Your passport should be valid for a minimum period of three months beyond the expiry date of your visa. Your passport should also have at least 1 blank page for your visa.

When visiting Kazakhstan, no matter if arriving in the country at the airport or at a land border, all visitors must fill in a registration card . This card will then be stamped twice at passport control upon arrival, showing that you’re registered. If you only see one stamp, make sure you ask nicely for the second one.

You must then keep this registration card with you throughout your stay in Kazakhstan. If you don’t have this card with you when you leave the country, you will have to pay a fine or even face deportation.

However, since 10 January 2020, it’s the responsibility of the host or hotel to register travelers. They have to do this within three working days from the date of the guest’s arrival in Kazakhstan and can be done on the Visa and Migration online portal or in writing to the Migration Service.

Travelers who need to obtain a Letter of Invitation (LOI) to visit Kazakhstan, must register with the Migration Police. 

2.2 Can I extend my Kazakhstan visa?

It is no longer permitted to enter and re-enter visa-free as many times as you like, indefinitely.

Now all visa-free nationalities are only allowed a maximum of 90 days within 180 days of traveling in Kazakhstan . You can still leave and re-enter the same day. A tourist visa however can not be changed or extended once issued.

2.3 What happens if I overstay my Kazakhstan Visa?

If you happen to overstay your visa whilst in Kazakhstan, you’ll need to go to the nearest OVIR station and pay $4 for an extension and a B20 exit visa valid for up to 15 days.

Extensions are usually only granted for reasons such as flight cancellations or emergency medical care.

3. When is the best time to visit Kazakhstan?

Depending on what you want to do during your trip, you can visit Kazakhstan any time of the year. Kazakhstan has a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers and the temperature will vary depending on the region of the country.

The period between May – October is the best time to visit Kazakhstan, especially the northern region and the southeastern region. The temperatures are not too high to go hiking and camping in places like Charyn Canyon , the Kolsai Lakes and the Tian Shan mountains around Almaty as well as in the highlands of the Altai mountain range.

If you can cope with the heat, it’s also a good period to go on a road trip or a train trip through the steppes and visit other parts of the country .

Spring and Autumn each last for about a month every year: April and October in the south, and May and September in the north.

The temperature on average can be a pleasant 20°C which is ideal for sightseeing in the steppes and visiting the cities and areas in the south of the country.

The 26 best and most beautiful places to visit in Kazakhstan

3.1 What is the hottest month in Kazakhstan?

The Summer in Kazakhstan is between late May and September and the hottest month is July. The summers in the south of the country and in the steppes can be scorching hot with temperatures known to reach 40°C (104°f).

4. Kazakhstan Travel Insurance

It’s not mandatory to have travel insurance if you are traveling to Kazakhstan. However, it’s always a good idea to have international travel insurance just in case the unforeseeable happens.

If you don’t have travel insurance yet, I highly recommend  IATI travel insurance  as it covers both medical costs and theft or the budget-friendly travel medical insurance by  SafetyWing .

The 3 best travel insurance companies compared!

5. What is the best way to get to Kazakhstan?

You can fly to Kazakhstan, enter by road via a border crossing, or by taking a cargo ship across the Caspian Sea .

5.1 Flying into Kazakhstan

There are many daily international flights to Kazakhstan.

There are the 3 main international airports in Kazakhstan: Almaty International Airport (ALA), Astana International Airport (TSE) and Shymkent International Airport (CIT). 

5.2 How to travel to Kazakhstan by road

Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan.

Are you planning to travel overland between the Central Asian countries? Then the following guides will come in handy:

• How to get from Almaty to Tashkent (Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan) by train or bus?
• How to get from Almaty to Bishkek (Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan) by bus?
• How to get from Bishkek to Almaty (Kyrgyzstan to Kazakhstan) by bus?

For information about the different border crossings, read this page on Caravanistan

5.3 How to travel to Kazakhstan By boat

I entered Kazakhstan by taking a cargo ship from Baku (Azerbaijan) to Aktau (port in West Kazakhstan) across the Caspian Sea.

8 things you need to know about how to cross the Caspian Sea from Baku to Aktau by ferry.

6. IS Kazakhstan a safe country to visit?

A lot of people are concerned about travel safety in Kazakhstan because of the ‘stan’ part. But I can assure you, it’s very safe to travel in this vast country!

Kazakhstan is not a country where you’ll see a lot of violence. The majority of the locals are very helpful and hospitable and the only way you might get hurt is from a bad hangover from drinking too much vodka.

Some people are concerned about travel safety in Kazakhstan, but it’s very safe to travel in this vast country. There are the normal risks of pickpockets and petty crime, and travelers are advised to be cautious of corrupt police. They are also advised to be cautious at night in and around clubs and bars. However, Kazakhstan is generally a very friendly country and foreigners are respected.

I have walked many times on the streets in Almaty and Shymkent alone at night as a woman and not once did I feel uncomfortable or unsafe. During our road trip through the steppes , I’ve never encountered a person who wanted to harm me and my friends in any way.

There’s not as much corruption in Kazakhstan as there used to be, but if you travel around the country with your own car, the traffic police might stop you and find a reason to fine you.

How do you deal with bribes and corruption? First of all, don’t panic, get angry or be impatient. Stay calm and friendly, keep smiling and act like you have all the time in the world.

Most officials only speak Russian so even if you understand the language a bit, pretend that you don’t. If the office happens to speak English, you suddenly can’t speak English anymore.

Talk to them in a foreign language, and pretend that you have no idea what’s going on. They’ll soon realize they aren’t going to get any money from you and that you’re wasting their time and will eventually give up and let you go.

Remember: never give in and pay a bribe. If you do, you’ll encourage the offices to continue doing this. This doesn’t only affect tourism and travelers in a bad way, it also affects the local people as they become victims of bribery as well.

Is Kazakhstan Safe? 15 useful tips to travel safely in Kazakhstan

7. Money and Currency in Kazakhstan

7.1 what kind of money do they use in kazakhstan.

The official currency of Kazakhstan is the Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT).

• Banknotes circulating in Kazakhstan: 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 tenge.
• Coins circulating in Kazakhstan: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 tenge.

I always use the  Xe.com app  to convert and stay up-to-date with the current exchange rates. At this time of writing, the current exchange rates are:

• $1 USD = 451 KZT
• €1 Euro = 475 KZT
• £1 British Pound = 552 KZT

7.2 Which credit cards are accepted in Kazakhstan?

Visa is probably the most widely accepted credit card. However, Kazakhstan has a cash economy which means paying with a credit card can be quite difficult in many places.

Many taxis, restaurants, local tour operators, and small shops will still only take cash, not cards. It’s only been over the last few years that credit card usage has been more widely accepted. So make sure you’re prepared to bring plenty of cash with you if you’re planning a trip.

7.3 ATMs in Kazakhstan

ATMs are very easy to find in the cities but make sure to bring cash money when you visit remote villages and regions. You can use Visa, Maestro, and Mastercard to withdraw cash from ATMs in Kazakhstan.

It’s also worth noting that withdrawing small amounts of cash from ATMs can be costly due to the charges by the credit card companies and the banks handling the transactions.

7.4 Exchanging money in Kazakhstan

There are plenty of exchange offices, especially in the big cities, if you want to exchange some of your currency.

Rates are competitive as soon as you leave the airport and an important tip once you have exchanged your cash into tenge is to hold onto your small change.

Your 10, 20, 50, and 100 tenge will be really handy and useful when paying for bus tickets and snacks, larger notes won’t be accepted in small shops.

7.5 How much money do you need in Kazakhstan?

You may be wondering about how to budget for your trip and asking ‘Is it cheap to travel in Kazakhstan?’. Like most of Central Asia, travel in Kazakhstan is relatively cheap.

A good meal will cost around $3 in a local restaurant, a dorm bed in a hostel for around $7, and a train ticket around $15 every 1000km or so.

Tourism is still pretty new In Kazakhstan but with more visitors coming each year, more services are being offered which means that tours and activities are still relatively cheap.

7.6 Should you tip in Kazakhstan?

Tipping is not compulsory in Kazakhstan because a service charge is usually included in restaurant and hotel bills.

However, it is becoming a more common practice based on the growing number of tourists. Taxis and train travel have a fixed charge already included in the price.

8. Kazakhstan transportation: How to Get around Kazakhstan

8.1 does kazakhstan have good transportation.

The public transport in Kazakhstan is quite well developed. You can get around Kazakhstan by train, bus, mashrutka (min-bus), (shared) taxi, and plane.

8.2 Are there trains in Kazakhstan?

Yes, Kazakhstan has a rather good railway system. As it’s a huge country and the easiest and most comfortable way of getting around Kazakhstan is by taking a train.

Not only is it a cheap way to travel long distances, but there are also regular connections between all of the main cities and towns and you’ll meet many locals along the way.

It’s better to buy your tickets in advance as they tend to sell out during the summer and on holidays. You can book your train tickets on tickets.kz where you can select your seat/bunk bed in advance.

If you’re going on an overnight journey you will get sheets, a pillow, and a blanket. Bring enough food and drinks with you as the food prices on the train are very expensive. It’s also forbidden to drink alcohol on the train.

Kazakhstan Railway Guide: How to travel by train in Kazakhstan

8.3 Getting around Kazakhstan by bus

Buses are great for travel within cities like Almaty , Shymkent and Nur Sultan for short and quick journeys.

The average price for a bus ticket in Almaty is around 200 tenge, which you pay to the driver when you get onto the bus. Don’t forget to ask for a receipt so you can show it to the ticket inspector when he/she comes around.

Every bus has a number and it can sometimes be confusing trying to find out which one to take. You can ask your hostel or hotel which number you need to get on or you check the bus routes within cities via  maps.me  and  wikiroutes .

Just type in the name of your location and destination and the app will show you the number of the bus going there.

For longer journeys and travel in Kazakhstan, I would recommend taking the train for reasons regarding both cost and comfort.

8.4 Getting around Kazakhstan by minibus (marshrutka)

A marshrutka is a mini-bus that looks like a van and is a popular public transport for the locals. It’s not the fastest way to get around but it’s definitely a cultural experience.

They run on fixed routes around a city and you’ll also see many marshrutkas within smaller cities and towns. When taking a marshrutka in a city, each marshrutka has a number, and to avoid any confusement, you can either ask at your hostel or hotel which number to get on or you can download the app called Maps.me .

Just type in the name of your location and destination and the app will show you the marshrutka going there.

8.5 Getting around by (shared) taxi

Taking a shared taxi is more expensive than a bus or a marshrutka (about triple the price) but it is a much faster way to get around in a city. Sharing a taxi means that you share the car with other people and you split the costs so you pay per seat.

As it is a shared taxi, with many seats, it’s important that you tell the driver that you only wish to pay for one seat, not for the entire taxi before leaving. They leave when all of the seats have been filled. You’ll find these taxis everywhere in the cities and near bus and train stations.

You’ll often see locals waving down cars on the side of the road. The drivers that stop for them are often unofficial taxi drivers who earn a bit of extra money by giving locals a ride and charging them for the gas costs. If you want to catch a ride like this, it’s good to know in advance how much you should pay (some drivers like to charge foreigners more).

If you want to take a taxi in a city but you don’t feel confident waving down cars and/or bargaining for a good price, you can always use the Yandex Go app . This app works similar to Uber and these taxis work with a standard rate per kilometer which you can see on the app or on the meter inside the taxi. 

8.6 Domestic flights in Kazakhstan

If you don’t have much time to make a long-distance journey by train, you could always take an airplane to fly between the main cities in Kazakhstan. You can book your tickets on this website .

8.7 Hitchhiking in Kazakhstan

Hitchhiking in Kazakhstan is similar to hitchhiking in Kyrgyzstan . Although you’ll see a lot of people standing on the side of the road waving down cars as a sign that they want to get a lift, it’s standard to pay the driver for the costs of the petrol.

If you’re after getting free rides, you’ll have to explain this to your driver before you get in the car.

If you’re hitchhiking long distances in Kazakhstan, you’ll often have to travel across the steppes and desert. Make sure you bring enough water and food in case you’re stuck without a ride in the middle of nowhere!

8.7 Driving in Kazakhstan

Going on a road trip in Kaz akhstan is definitely a worthwhile adventure. It’s a brilliant way to explore this vast country at your own rhythm.

As long as you’re an experienced and confident driver, renting a car gives you the opportunity to reach far and remote places. Since many of the country’s attractions are difficult to reach on public transport, hiring a car gives you the freedom to explore places off of the beaten path.

The state of the roads is generally good if you are driving along the main highways. If you want to drive across the steppes or on secondary roads, you can expect dusty tracks and countless potholes, so take care!

There are a few ‘must haves’ when hiring a car that is important to take note of before you set off on a road trip.

You’ll need an international driving license and proof that you have insurance. You will also need to have the vehicle’s ownership documents with you as most likely, you will meet traffic cops along the way.

If you are driving your own car with a foreign registration plate, you will probably be stopped a few times. As long as you haven’t broken any traffic law, you won’t be fined (see how to deal with bribes in section 6. Is Kazakhstan safe ).

You have to drive on the right side of the road in Kazakhstan and crossing a solid white line is a big no-no. Another traffic law that you should keep in mind is that your car lights must always be switched on when you’re outside of a city. Here’s a great guide with info about driving and traffic rules in Kazakhstan here.

There are several petrol stations along the way but make sure you have enough petrol in the car to drive a distance of a minimum of 300km before you come across the next petrol station. A good tip is to bring a spare jerry can for fuel if you’re planning on driving long distances.

And lastly, be aware that whilst on the road, some Kazakh drivers love to push the gas pedal and overtake other cars in the craziest ways!

Going on a road trip through Kazakhstan is definitely worthwhile as long as you’re an experienced and confident driver! You’ll be able to reach very remote places and camp under the stars!

Almaty City Guide: The 19 best things to do in Almaty

9. Kazakhstan Tours

With more tourists choosing to travel to Kazakhstan, tourism in Kazakhstan is developing slowly.

Because of this growth in tourists, there are more tour companies now than ever before meaning that there are more scheduled tours for you to choose from.

Going on a tour is particularly interesting to get to remote destinations like Charyn Canyon , Kolsai Lakes and Lake Kaindy , Altyn-Emel National Park , etc., as they are hard to reach by public transport.

You can search online for tours in Kazakhstan , organized by local tour companies or you can join my 10-day Best of Kazakhstan-Kyrgyzstan Adventure Tour!

Join the 10-day Best of Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan Adventure and visit Almaty, Charyn Canyon, Kolsai Lakes, Lake Kaindy, Karakol, Son Kul lake, and many more! 

10. Where to stay in Kazakhstan

There are now many great accommodation options in the big cities and towns of Kazakhstan.

10.1 Hostels, hotels, and guesthouses in Kazakhstan

Hostels are the cheapest option for accommodation, starting from $5 per night for a bed in a dorm.

Most of the country’s cities now have at least 1 modern backpacker haunt, Almaty has more than 20 now. These hostels are often located in refurbished apartments in the center of town and run by young people themselves. Hostels in Kazakhstan are a good place to meet other young, budget-conscious travelers.

You can find a nice private room in a guesthouse, starting from $15 per night .

Nur-Sultan and Almaty have many great hotel options ($40-$250) for luxury and business travelers, and there are also plenty of apartment rentals ($15-$50). 

10.2 Staying in a yurt in Kazakhstan

Unlike in its neighboring country Kyrgyzstan , it is difficult nowadays to experience real nomadic life in Kazakhstan.

Most Kazakhs have never even slept in a yurt themselves as there are only a few people who still spend time living in a yurt during summer, either herding camels in the Kyzylkum desert, or whilst shepherding in the Altai mountains.

If you happen to have your heart set on staying in one, it is possible through a holiday rental company or you can pay a visit to a pop-up restaurant or shop/market in a yurt but they are no longer homes for nomadic people in Kazakhstan.

10.3 Camping in Kazakhstan

There aren’t many designated camping sites in the country but wild camping in Kazakhstan is permitted anywhere.

If you can, you should definitely experience camping for at least one night in the steppes ( watch this video to get inspired ). It’s an incredibly unforgettable experience! There are so many scenic spots to spend a night under the stars.

It’s important to note that there are some dangers to watch for when it comes to camping. Bears and wolves roam in the wild in Kazakhstan and ticks are very common, especially in the mountains.

There are also some snakes, spiders, and scorpions in the dryer landscapes, and although they shouldn’t stop you from camping in Kazakhstan, it’s wise to be mindful of these creatures when traveling in Kazakhstan.

11. Kazakhstan Food and drinks

The cuisine in Kazakhstan is quite similar to the food in both Kyrgyzst an and Uzbekistan .

The majority of meals consist of beef, mutton, and chicken, either served within dumplings or on top of noodles, rice, or potatoes. However, if you happen to be feeling adventurous, you could try the canned camel or horse meat.

When eating out, food is generally served with either a soft drink or water. Kazakhs love drinking tea and most meals are followed by tea with milk, salt, sugar, and/or butter.

If you happen to be a coffee lover, instant coffee is usually your main option but coffee culture is now rapidly establishing itself nationwide.

11.1 5 Kazakh Dishes you have to try

1) what is the national dish of kazakhstan.

Beshbarmak is Kazakhstan’s national dish which is eaten daily in homes throughout the country. It is a slow-cooked dish made with boiled mutton, beef, horse or camel, and it is served with either boiled or flat dumplings or thin noodles, and onions.

This dish is usually eaten with your hands which explains its name which translates to ‘five fingers.’ Traditionally, the meat is served in small portions to make sure that the male elders can chew it without difficulty.

Pilaf , also known as plov, is a rice dish that is considered to be a sign of wealth and prosperity in Kazakhstan. The dish contains meat that’s cooked together with onions and carrots and then rice is then added and once plated, the dish is then decorated with dried fruits.

Pilaf is very commonly a centerpiece when celebrating occasions that are meant to bring success and happiness, like weddings.

Kazy is a type of sausage made from horse meat along with a mix of spices. The ancestors of modern Kazakhs, who were hunters, consumed large quantities of horsemeat.

They created kazy as they thought it was a clever way in which to preserve meat. It is considered to be an obligatory dish at weddings.

Manti are dumplings that have been stuffed with meat and then boiled are served with dried mint. If you decide to try Kazakhstani manti, be ready to say goodbye to your voice of reason as these are delicious.

Baursak is a type of soft dough made using wheat flour that has been fried in either lamb or beef fat. Different regions in Kazakhstan are known for different-sized baursak. Kazakhstanis love them so much that they celebrate a day dedicated to them called ‘Baursak Day’ every Autumn.

They are normally rounded or diamond-shaped with some recipes incorporating cottage cheese into the dough. Often served with either tea, shurpa (a traditional soup) or as an appetizer or dessert.

11.2 Is vegetarian food available in Kazakhstan?

It might be challenging for vegetarians to find some typical Kazakh dishes without meat. However, it’s not impossible and you can definitely ask for meals to be made without meat.

In cities like Astana, Almaty, and Shymkent you’ll find many small restaurants that serve vegetarian meals.

If you happen to be traveling during summer, you’ll find your dose of vitamins in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables from the markets in the towns and cities.

However, when in the steppes, you won’t find many options when looking for fresh fruits and veggies so be sure to take some with you if you can.

11.3 What is the national drink of Kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan’s national drink is fermented horse (mare’s) milk known as Kumys or Koumiss. A drink that’s been around for thousands of years, this bitter and sour-tasting milk drink is made with yeast cultures and mare or camel milk (known as shubat) and is believed to be medicinal.

It is slightly alcoholic and said that drinking kumys will improve your overall health, make your soul younger and your feet stronger.

Traditionally made by the nomads of Central Asia, this drink still remains important to people in both Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan today.

11.4 Alcohol in Kazakhstan

Although the majority of people in Kazakhstan are Muslim, vodka is still a popular drink. Kazakhstan is the world’s seventh-biggest consumer of vodka.

It is customary that young people do not drink alcohol in front of elderly people. The legal drinking and buying age for alcoholic beverages is 21 years old.

11.5 Is tap water safe to drink in Kazakhstan?

I wouldn’t advise you to drink the tap water in Kazakhstan, especially not in small towns and villages. Buy bottles of water in the local supermarkets or better, bring a LifeStraw Water Filter Bottle .

This is a reusable bottle that filters water using a microfiltration device. When you drink water using this bottle, any dirt, bacteria, or parasites will be trapped in the fibers of the filter, while the clean water passes through.

It’s not only good for your belly and wallet, but it’s also great for the environment because you don’t have to buy any plastic bottles of water!

They are very light to carry and super useful for when you go trekking in the mountains . You can use it to drink the water from the rivers and lakes without becoming sick! Another way to filter water is by using a  steripen .

12. Packing list for Kazakhstan

12.1 what should i wear in kazakhstan.

The cities in Kazakhstan are very westernized so for the majority of the time, you can wear whatever you like.

However, if you’re planning on visiting rural areas, don’t wear miniskirts, short shorts and revealing tops as most people living there are quite conservative. Also, if you are visiting religious buildings and places, such as Turkestan, wear a long skirt or trousers as well as cover your shoulders.

You should also pack appropriate clothes for the period in which you’re going to travel in Kazakhstan and the type of activities you’re planning on doing.

In winter (November – March) you should always bring warm clothes, a down jacket , a hat, a scarf, thermal underwear , warm boots and maybe a few lighter clothes for the mild days in the southern regions.

The summer (June – September) can be very hot, especially in the southern part of the country so bring light clothes.

If you’re planning on hiking and camping in the mountains around Almaty during the summer, you should also bring warm clothes as the temperature at night can still drop to 0°C.

As Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan have similar cultures and climates, you should read The Complete Packing List for Kyrgyzstan to know in detail what to wear and pack.

12.2 Travel essentials for Kazakhstan

There are a few items that I would class as essential when traveling in Kazakhstan:

• Water Filter Bottle : I highly recommend bringing a reusable bottle with a microfiltration device (see 11.5 Is it safe to drink the water in Kazakhstan?) . I use and highly recommend the  Lifestraw Water Filter Bottle .  Another way to filter water is by using a  steripen .
• Portable power bank :  you won’t always have electricity available to charge your electronic devices, especially not when you’re planning on spending time in the mountains or in the steppes. I use and recommend  Anker Power Bank   as it has a 20,000mAh cell capacity providing at least 5 full charges for my phone. I can even charge my camera batteries with it!
• International travel adaptor : the power sockets in Kazakhstan are of type C and F (the same as in Europe). The standard voltage is 220 V and the standard frequency is 50 Hz. In case you need an adaptor, I use and recommend this  all-in-one Universal Travel Adaptor  as you can use it worldwide.
• Biodegradable toilet paper :  you’ll have to be comfortable using a squat toilet in Kazakhstan. With the exception of the guesthouses where you’ll have a western-style toilet, most toilets will be outside in the form of a separate small building with a hole in the ground. Sometimes there’s toilet paper but you should definitely bring  biodegradable toilet paper  with you. I mention biodegradable as the toilet paper disappears in the ground so we can keep it environment-friendly!
• The same goes for   biodegradable wet wipes . Some homestays don’t have showers so wet wipes are very handy if you want to refresh.
• Immodium  (or any other anti-diarrhea medicine) : a lot of the travelers eventually suffer from diarrhea at one point or another throughout their first trip to Kazakhstan. As prevention, I use  activated charcoal  (it helps your body get rid of toxins and unwanted substances, ask about it in your local pharmacy).
• a head torch 
• a good pair of walking boots
• appropriate clothing depending on the time of year and planned activities 
• a good day backpack for walking and hiking 
• sun protection (a hat/headscarf/sunscreen)
• passport and a copy of your passport and any other relevant documents
• a copy of your travel insurance policy number written down somewhere  

13. Are drones allowed in Kazakhstan?

According to KAA, drones are allowed in Kazakhstan, subject to AAK regulations .

You must register your drone and gain a license for using it whilst in Kazakhstan. If you do not get a license, you could face a fine, detention, or your drone could be confiscated .

You can get a license from the Aviation Committee in Nur-Sultan and there are certain rules you must follow when operating your drone whilst in the country.

Reading Tip: What’s in my camera bag: photography essentials and camera gear for travel photography

14. How is the internet in Kazakhstan?

Kazakhstan is not a place to head to if you depend on the internet for work. Access to a fast-speed WiFi connection is rare and many websites have been blocked by the government.

In January 2022, there were nationwide anti-government protests in Kazakhstan. Some of these protests turned violent and in order to regain control, the government intentionally shut down the internet across the entire country for five days.

This was permitted due to a law that came into place in 2012, regarding national security in Kazakhstan. This law states that the government can disrupt communication channels for the containment of riots.

14.1 Which is the best sim card in Kazakhstan and how to get one?

The Beeline KZ card is a great SIM card to buy whilst in Kazakhstan and you can pick it up in any local shop.

It will give you enough coverage to update your Instagram feed or call your mum on What’s App and tell her that you’re doing fine.

14.2 REcommended apps for traveling in Kazakhstan

• M aps.Me : This is one of the most practical apps you could use in Kazakhstan. You can download the map of the country so you can use it offline. It gives you very accurate directions and shows you where you can find the nearest restaurants, bus stations, ATM, hotels, places with wi-fi, points of interest, etc. It also tells you the number of the marshrutka you need to take when you travel within a particular city. This is also a great app to use while hiking as it shows most of the trails.
• 2GIS :  This is very similar to Maps.Me but only works for big cities such as Almaty, Shymkent, and Astana. You can download the map of the city for offline use. This app only works in Russian but it’s the most popular and accurate navigation app in Central Asia.
• Booking.com :  You’ll need internet to use this app but it’s a great tool to find (last-minute) accommodation in the country.
• Google Translate:  Translates written and spoken Russian or Kyrgyz. Only Russian is available to download for offline usage.
• Xe currency:  very handy to check exchange rates, also works offline.
• iOverlander: Great app for when you go on a road trip. This app serves as a database of places for overlanders. It includes information about (free) camping sites, restaurants, mechanics, petrol stations, water sources,…
• Yandex Go : Great app to use if you want to take a taxi in the major cities without getting ripped off. All the Yandex taxis have a meter so you’ll always know how much to pay. It works similarly to Uber. Just enter your location and a taxi will arrive within 5 to 10 minutes.

15. Culture and etiquette in Kazakhstan

The Kazakh people are descendants of ancient Turkic nomadic tribes and used to travel along the Kazakh steppes for centuries. Their culture was very similar to the nomadic culture that we can still see in Kyrgyzstan today.

The word “Kazakh” means “a free and independent nomad” in Turkic. However, their way of life has changed dramatically over the past century.

When Kazakhstan was still a republic of the former USSR, it rapidly developed its agricultural and industrial sectors because of its massive oil and gas reserve. The majority of the Kazakh people left their nomadic lifestyle and moved to the cities to work. Unlike in its neighboring country Kyrgyzstan, it’s nowadays very difficult to experience the nomadic culture in Kazakhstan.

Many people from other USSR republics were sent to Kazakhstan to work in the industrial sector. That’s why Kazakhstan became a multinational state inhabited by 17.8 million people belonging to more than 120 nationalities !

Kazakhstan is doing economically very well, better than any other country in Central Asia and when you visit a city like Nur Sultan and Almaty, you can tell that there’s money in the country!

It’s therefore important to tell you that the people of all ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan are called Kazakhstani . Only the people of the Kazakh ethnic group are called Kazakhs and they are becoming a minority in their own land!

The Kazakh are extremely hospitable people. In ancient times, there was an unofficial law that said ‘ Meet a guest as God’s messenger’ and hospitality is seen as a type of sacred duty.

If you are invited to someone’s home, it is customary to be served tea and bread even if you have not been invited for a meal. The serving of bread is seen as a sign of respect in Kazakhstan culture. Meals tend to take a long time as they are seen as social events.

It is common to greet people with a handshake using both hands. The majority of rules and social etiquette circle around the country’s Muslim faith and nomadic traditions.

If you want to learn about the Kazakh people and their traditions, you should go on a road trip and visit the small villages in the steppes. Most people there still live and work as shepherds. But you’ll see that their culture has become a mix of Kazakh and Russian traditions.

16. What is the Religion in Kazakhstan

The vast majority of the Kazakh people are Muslims, but the Islamic religion came late to the area.

The practice of the religion differs from region to region and is in general not so strict. You won’t see many women wearing a hijab and the majority of the men won’t say no to a good shot of vodka.

17. Do people in Kazakhstan speak English?

In the cities and more tourist areas, you will find more and more people who know and understand English.

However, it’s mostly the younger generation who seem to know more, with the percentage growing since the fall of the Soviet Union.

If you want to talk to the locals, it would serve you to learn some Russian. A Russian phrasebook would definitely come in handy.

17.1 Which languages are spoken in Kazakhstan?

The official languages of Kazakhstan are Kazakh and Russian. Only 64.4% of the population speaks Kazakh while Russian is spoken by almost everyone.

You’ll notice that the people living in the Almaty region and northern areas are predominantly Russian speakers. If you want to be able to communicate with the locals, I’d suggest you learn some Russian.

l study  Russian by using the audio classes of Pimsleur . This is a great learning method to study a new language.

A phrasebook will definitely be useful. I recommend both the  Lonely Planet Central Asia Phrasebook  and  the Lonely Planet Russian Phrasebook & Dictionary .  I also recommend installing the Google Translate app and downloading the Russian language pack for offline use.

18. Recommended books about Kazakhstan

I recommend the following books and guides for traveling in Kazakhstan: 

Kazakhstan Bradt Travel Guide   is one of the most comprehensive travel guide books about Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan – Culture Smart!   offers an insider’s view of Kazakhstan’s fascinating history, national traditions, various cuisines, and cultural scene.

Lonely Planet Central Asia  is ideal if you’re also planning on visiting other destinations in Central Asia

Apples Are from Kazakhstan: The Land that Disappeared is Christopher Robbins’ both hilarious and grim travelogue of his travels in Kazakhstan. He finds Eminem-worship by the shrinking Aral Sea, hears the Kazakh John Lennon play in a dusty desert town, joins nomads hunting eagles, eats boiled sheep’s head (a delicacy), and explores some of the most beautiful, unspoiled places on earth.

Dark Shadows: Inside the Secret World of Kazakhstan is a compelling portrait of Kazakhstan by journalist Joanna Lillis. This book explores how a president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, transformed himself into a potentate and the economically-struggling state he inherited at the fall of the USSR into a swaggering 21st-century monocracy.

I wish you such wonderful and fantastic adventures in Kazakhstan! If you still have questions about your upcoming journey, let me know in the comments below, or don’t hesitate to send me an email . I would love to help you plan your visit to Kazakhstan.

Related Posts

Best Tips and complete Packing List for Traveling in Central Asia in 2024 – When to go and what to wear when visiting Central Asia

The Complete Hiking Guide to Sayram Ugam National Park, one of the most beautiful Kazakhstan National Parks

19 Best Things to do in Almaty Kazakhstan  – The Complete Guide to visit Almaty City

How to visit the Kolsai Lakes and Lake Kaindy, The most beautiful lakes in Kazakhstan

Blown away by the beauty of Charyn Canyon – The Complete Travel Guide

How to get from Almaty to Bishkek by public transport in 2024: Best way to Cross the Kazakhstan – Kyrgyzstan border

More kazakhstan travel resources:.

• The Travel Guide to Kazakhstan: 18 things you should know before you go
• The 26 most beautiful and interesting places to visit in Kazakhstan
• Is it safe to travel to Kazakhstan: 15 useful safety tips
• Almaty City Guide: The 19 best things to do in Almaty
• The 5 best and most beautiful hikes in the mountains near Almaty
• Charyn Canyon Travel Guide
• Kolsai Lakes and Lake Kaindy Travel Guide
• Sayram Ugam National Park Travel Guide
• Turkestan Travel Guide: discover the spiritual center of Kazakhstan
• Visiting the ship graveyard of the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan
• Trekking in Kazakhstan: 5-day hiking itinerary in the Northern Tian Shan Mountains
• A beginner’s guide to skiing in Shymbulak, Almaty

10 thoughts on “The Best Guide to Travel in Kazakhstan: 18 things you should know to visit Kazakhstan in 2024”

Very useful and comprehensive information

Excellent informative article…

Hi. I want to thank you for good article. I hope you liked Kazakhstan. I would like to add a few comments: You wrote, “Despite being a Muslim country …” Kazakhstan is not a Muslim country, it is a secular state. I know that many people confuse Turkic and Turkish. The word “Kazakh” means “free and independent nomad” in Turkic (non-Turkish). The Kazakh people are a descendant of the ancient Turkic nomadic tribes. Thank you!

Hello Kamshat, thank you! We really enjoy traveling in Kazakhstan 🙂 And thank you for your feedback, I’ve adjusted it in the text! Much appreciated!

Hi! Great article and very useful! Just few comments: Kazakhstan is not Muslim country, even though its true that majority of people are Muslims; Kazakhs are not becoming minority in Kazakhstan, we (Kazakhs) represent almost 70% of the Kazakhstan’s population; there are more than 3 international airports in Kazakhstan (minimum 10).

Hi Zhuldyz, thanks for your comments. I’ve re-read this article and can’t see where I wrote that Kazakhstan is a Muslim country. I mention that the majority of the people are Muslims. I’ve talked with people in Kazakhstan and read several reports on the population of Kazakhstan that tell that the Kazakh ethnic group is becoming a minority. With this I don’t mean the Kazakhstani people. And there are indeed more international airports in Kazakhstan, I’ve just mentioned that those are the 3 main ones 🙂

Cheers to that ability to share your inner-riches got a good tip. nice website I will bookmark this. I like these type of article which enhances my vocabulary keep it up ill be looking forward to your next articles.

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The world’s ninth-biggest country is the most economically advanced of the ‘stans’, thanks to its abundant reserves of oil and most other valuable minerals. That money has transformed the capital Nur-Sultan, on the windswept northern steppe, into a 21st-century showpiece with a profusion of bold futuristic architecture. Travelers will find some fantastic restaurants and accommodation amongst the leafy avenues of Almaty too; its biggest city also boasts the chic ALZhiR Museum-Memorial Complex, glossy shopping centres and hedonistic nightlife. But it's beyond the cities that you'll find the greatest travel adventures, whether hiking in the high mountains and green valleys of the Tian Shan, searching for wildlife on the lake-dotted steppe, enjoying homespun hospitality in village guesthouses, or jolting across the western deserts to remote underground mosques.

Your next trip starts here

Go from dreaming to planning with trip planning options made to help you craft your ideal itinerary.

Attractions

Must-see attractions.

Some 285km east of Aktau, Beket-Ata is an important and extremely popular place of pilgrimage for those wishing to visit the underground mosque and final…

National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Nur-Sultan (Astana)

This huge blue-glass-and-white-marble museum covers the history and culture of Kazakhstan from ancient to modern times. Themed halls comprise interactive…

Charyn Canyon

Over millions of years, the swift Charyn (Sharyn) River has carved a truly spectacular 150m- to 300m-deep canyon into the otherwise flat steppe some 200km…

Yasaui Mausoleum

This astoundingly beautiful, tiled mausoleum with a turquoise dome is home to Kozha Akhmed Yasaui. The main chamber is capped with an 18m-wide dome, above…

KarLag Museum

Housed in the old KarLag headquarters building, this poignant museum walks you through KarLag's role in the Soviet Gulag Archipelago. The repression of…

Khan Shatyr

Nur-Sultan's most extraordinary building (so far), the Khan Shatyr is a 150m-high, translucent, tentlike structure made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene …

Kolsai Lakes National Park

Located around 12km by paved (from 2018) road from Saty village, these three spruce-and-mountain-hemmed lakes are Alpine-esque beauty at its best and a…

Palace of Peace & Reconciliation

This beautiful glass-and-steel pyramid was opened in 2006 as the home for the triennial Congress of World and Traditional Religions, hosted by Kazakhstan…

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Kazakhstan and beyond

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Rules of entry and stay

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Embassy contacts

• EU/EEA member states - you need to register with the relevant Spanish authorities if you want to stay longer.
• Australia, Israel, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, the Republic of South Korea or the United States of America - you need to obtain a residence permit within three months of arrival in Spain if you want to stay longer.
• Visa-free countries to Spain - you need to obtain a Spanish national long-stay visa from your country of residence if you want to stay longer.
• Whereas, if you are a passport holder of any of the countries that have not yet signed a visa-free travel agreement with the Schengen area, you must obtain a visa before traveling to Spain or any other Schengen member state.
• Visa application form (completed without errors).
• Two recent passport photos (last three months).
• Valid passport (minimum validity of three months with at least two blank pages).
• Travel itinerary (a document with flight dates and numbers showing entry and exit points in the Schengen area).
• Health insurance (documents from the insurer).
• Proof of accommodation (evidence showing where you will be staying for the duration of your stay in Schengen).
• A letter from the tour organizer (if you are traveling with a travel agency).
• Proof of sufficient funds (showing that you have enough money to finance the trip).
• Certificate of employment status (if you are employed, i.e. an employment contract).
• Income tax return (if you are an individual entrepreneur).
• For students: confirmation of enrollment in a university or college.
• For minors: birth certificate, parental consent letter, copies of passports of both parents/guardian.
• Entry through an authorized checkpoint.
• Provide an identity document and a valid travel document.
• If necessary, show a visa appropriate to the nationality.
• Provide evidence of compliance with the conditions for the proposed stay and availability of sufficient financial resources.
• Not be under a ban on entry to Spain.
• Valid passport or travel document. Valid for at least three months after your planned date of exit from Schengen and issued within the last 10 years.
• Visa - if you are subject to the Spanish visa regime.
• Proof of residence. A document showing where you will stay during your stay in Spain.
• A return ticket. Or confirmation of onward travel if you do not plan to return to your home country after your stay in Spain.
• Documents confirming your purpose of entry.
• What is the purpose of your visit to Spain?
• How long are you going to stay in Spain?
• Where do you plan to stay in Spain? 
• minimum insurance coverage of 30,000 euros;
• validity of the policy in all Schengen countries.
• Airport Transit. You can apply for this visa if you need to transit through an airport in Spain to change your flight and reach your destination.
• Seafarers Transit. You must apply for this visa if you are a seafarer and need to disembark in a Spanish port to send a ship to a country outside the Schengen area.
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• Identify the animal with a microchip or tattoo.
• Be vaccinated against rabies with a valid vaccine at the time of travel.
• A European pet passport is required. 
• In the passport, you must fill in the sections "Owner", "Description of the animal", "Marking", "Issuance of the passport" and "Rabies vaccination".
• The sections "Serological test", "Treatment against ticks", "Treatment against echinococcus", "Other vaccinations", "Clinical examination", "Legalization" and "Other" are not mandatory for travel from other Member States to Spain.
• The minimum age for vaccination is 12 weeks.
• At least 21 days must have passed since the date of vaccination for the vaccine to be valid.

Emergency numbers in Spain:

• The emergency phone number in Spain is 112
• National police phone number - 091
• Local police phone number - 092
• Phone number of the service for victims of gender violence - 016

What can be imported to Spain: customs regulations

Before traveling to Spain, you need to know what goods can or cannot be transported across the border, how much money, cigarettes, alcohol, and other items can be imported duty-free to avoid a fine.

Below is a list of goods and items that can be imported duty-free by passengers arriving on the Spanish mainland, as well as on the Canary and Balearic Islands from non-EU countries (in particular, from Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus):

Rules for importing and exporting currency:

• Amounts exceeding EUR 10,000 or more, or the equivalent in another currency (including bank transfers and checks of any kind), must be declared.

Tobacco products

• 200 cigarettes
• 250 g of smoking tobacco.

Tobacco products may be imported by persons aged 17 years and older.

Alcoholic beverages

• 1 liter of strong alcoholic beverages over 22% or undenatured ethyl alcohol over 80%;
• 2 liters of alcoholic beverages or aperitifs made from wine or similar beverages with a strength of less than 22%, sparkling wines or liqueurs
• 4 liters of wine;
• 16 liters of beer.

Alcoholic beverages may be imported by persons aged 17 years and older.

According to the needs of the traveler.

Products of animal origin

Not allowed to be imported into Spain: 

• Meat and milk and any products from non-EU countries, except for limited quantities from Andorra, Croatia, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland and small quantities of certain products from other countries. 

Weapons and ammunition

• Imports from Russia and Syria are completely prohibited.
• For other countries, you must first obtain a permit from the police (Spain).
• For hunting weapons: no special requirements apply for temporary importation, except that hunting weapons must be declared upon arrival.

Airport tax

• Airport taxes are not charged to passengers when they land at Spanish airports.

For more information and tips on Spanish customs regulations, please visit the  official website  of the Federal Customs Administration.

A driver's license issued in another country is accepted if it is written in English, French, German or Italian, otherwise drivers are strongly advised to obtain a special driver's license of a generally accepted international standard. 

Many people wonder whether Ukrainian driving licenses are valid in Spain. The answer is no. Only holders of an internationally recognized document are entitled to drive and only for a period of up to six months.

For more information on driving in Spain, please follow the  link.

The Spanish embassies in different countries can be found here:  https://www.exteriores.gob.es/en/EmbajadasConsulados/Paginas/index.aspx

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Kazakhstan Travel Guide

Your ultimate kazakhstan travel guide, with tips, and things to see and things to do in kazakhstan. great for first-time and returning travelers..

When most people think of Kazakhstan they probably picture Borat and big open spaces.  It is true, it is full of wide open spaces. When traveling through the country you will see farmland for as far as the eye can see.

You’ll see deserts and oil fields and a vast landscape with wide-open skies. It’s beautiful, like a desert. You’ll feel as if you are the only person in the world. While we camped our way through the country, we would sit alone at night in silence.

Every so often a farmer or family would stop at our campsite to say hello or watch us work. They couldn’t understand why we were sitting in the middle of a field. We loved the solitude of the countryside.

This Kazakhstan travel guide will help you plan your next vacation.

Popular City Guides

• Beautiful Isolated Places
• Bucket List Travels
• Tips for Driving The Mongol Rally

Our Highlight

Table of contents

Table of Contents

Fast Facts about Kazakhstan

• Russian power voltage is 220V 50Hz;  Plug C & F
• The Kazakhstan currency is the Kazakhstani tenge is around 240 KZT to 1 USD
• Try Shubat or Kumiss. Camel milk or horse milk.
• Make sure to pack some extra wet wipes and stomach/diarrhea tablets!
• Upon arrival in Kazakhstan, citizens of foreign countries are required to obtain an immigration card that is date stamped. Hotel registration is also recorded on the card. Foreigners are given a grace period of 5 days to register, however there are specific cases for different countries so make sure to check out this information before you land in Kazakhstan.
• Travelers from specific countries are exempt from visas while others (like Canada, Belgium, Australia) must be obtain a visa  in advance  and  not  upon arrival. Check with the local Kazakhstan embassy for up to date information and requirements.
• Clothes are line-dried. Many areas of the country lack washing machines as well, so prepare for the possibility of hand washing!
• Some areas that are popular with travelers, including Big Almaty Lake, Kolsai lakes, Medeo, Charyn canyon, Alakol lake, Monakhov Gorge and other are now “closed” areas. Travelers need to obtain permissions to enter from the Immigration police Office in Almaty.
• Water is cities is chlorinated, so it is safe to drink but not recommended. Bottled water is also widely available.

Things to See and Do in Kazakhstan

• Kaindy Lake  – This lake in the mountains was formed after a natural disaster (earthquake) that occurred in 1911. It is famous as a turquoise mountain lake.
• Baikonur Cosmodrome  – It was initially formed as a secret missile testing site and a base for Soviet Space Programs. It is a peek spot for travelers to look into history.
• The Aral Sea  – This is a rusting ship that is present in a desert where there used to be a sea. There was an environmental disaster caused by man-made activities that left it dry.
• Astana, Kazakhstan: The City at Night  – Before going there, we had never heard of its capital city Astana, we didn’t know anything about architecture or its people and we didn’t really know what countries bordered it.
• Kazakhstan a Country of Contrasts  – When most people think of Kazakhstan they probably picture Borat and big open spaces. It is true, it is full of wide-open spaces.

Accommodation

Budget  – You can stay in budget hotels for around $21 a night in Kazakhstan. These often include free breakfast, internet access, and a TV.

Mid-Range –  Mid-range hotels will cost you around $79 a night in Kazakhstan and may include a restaurant, airport transfers, and free parking, WI-FI, and a gym.

High End –  High-end hotels start at around $118 per night and may include a private balcony, pool, business center, airport transfer, laundry facilities, and free toiletries.

Check out our favorite booking platforms  Booking.com ,  Tripadvisor  and VRBO for the best deals on accommodation in Kazakhstan.

• Beshbarmak  – This is the national dish of Kazakhstan and among nomadic Turkic peoples in Central Asia. The name means five fingers, as the nomads used to eat it with their hands. It is a dish with boiled meat mixed with noodles and spiced with onion sauce.
• Shashlik  -This dish consists of meat cubes with some vegetables cooked over an open fire or a bed of coals. 
• Kazy  – This common food is a traditional sausage-like food of Kazakhs, Kazy is a common element on a dastarkhan, a table set for a festive meal.
• Manti Dumplings  – The dumplings are made when the manti filling (usually ground lamb) is spiced with black pepper. Manti is served topped with butter, sour cream, or an onion sauce or garlic sauce.  
• Pelmeni  – This is a thin dough dumpling with a filling of meat (beef, lamb, pork) mixed with spices such as black pepper, diced onions, and garlic.
• Baursak – This common appetizer is a puffy bread that is fried and is decorated in a criss-cross pattern.
• Kumis  -This dairy product is a fermented product made from mare’s milk. It contains more sugar than cow or goat’s milk.

The Best Ways to Get Around Kazakhstan

Getting to kazakhstan.

Flights:  Almaty International Airport is the largest in Kazakhstan, located 15 km northeast of the Almaty that is the country’s largest and commercial capital. Direct flights to Kazakhstan are available from Manchester, Spain, and UAE.

You can check for the best flights to Kazakhstan on  Skyscanner .

Transportation:

Buses : Buses in Kazakhstan cost up to 0.21 USD for a one-way ticket and do not depend on the distance.

Taxis / Uber : Initial fare per km in Kazakhstan starts from $1.70.

Car Rental:  Local car services in Kazakhstan have their prices varying from $5 – $6 for 3 hours, whereas International car rentals cost up to $40 per day. You can also compare  prices here .

When to go To Kazakhstan

• The best time to travel to Kazakhstan is during summers, between July – August. The weather is perfect throughout the country in these months. It is the peak season and the best occasion for hikers too. The views are also ideal in these months.

Where to Stay in Kazakhstan

• Holiday Inn ALMATY   – This is a 4-star hotel in Almaty with a restaurant and a fitness center. It also provides other amenities such as a conference room, 24-hour room service. It offers minibars and safes in 277 accommodations. Refrigerators, as well as coffee makers, are provided, and bathrooms include hairdryers and complimentary toiletries.
• Rixos Almaty Hotel   – Rixos Almaty Hotel offers complimentary bottled water and rooms with open balconies. Smart televisions with wireless internet access and a fitness center for the guests. A full-service spa and a sauna are also available.
• The Ritz-Carlton, Astana  – It is the most booked hotel in Almaty. It provides free breakfast, restaurants, internet access, air conditioning, laundry services, free parking, and bars.

Check out our favorite booking platforms Booking.com , Tripadvisor and VRBO for the best deals on accommodation.

What to Pack for Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan has a continental climate, which  means that it can have some extreme temperatures. In summer (June to August) it can climb above 36 degrees °C (96°F) and in winter (December to February) you can expect temperatures to be as low as -26 degrees °C (-10°F).

Snow stays on the ground for almost half the year. The best time to travel is during spring (May to June) and autumn (September to November) when temperatures are mild. While it can rain at any time of year- the desert gets very little rainfall while in the mountains it is best not to leave home without your rain gear.

• Layers –  You could possibly be sweating all afternoon and then be freezing by nightfall! Make sure to stock up on the layers. If you plan on heading to Kazakhstan during the winter make sure to pack the  winter essentials:  Warm, waterproof, fleece-lined boots big enough to wear with heavy wool socks, hat, waterproof gloves and thermal long underwear!
• Classic Basic items  – You do not need to be a fashionista to blend in. The key is in embracing neutral toned items that can be mixed and matched easily. Avoid logos, baseball caps, shorts, hoodies, flip-flops and running shoes as these items scream  tourist!
• Rain Essentials –  the weather can be a little unpredictable so make sure to pack a lightweight easily compacted waterproof/windproof jacket and a pair of waterproof boots.
• Personal Safety products  – Certain areas in Albay are known as pickpocket hotspots. Before leaving for your trip, make sure to pack some  personal safety products , like money belts and locks, so that you can keep your valuables safe on your trip.
• See our packing tips:  packing tips

Kazakhstan Travel Guide: Best Booking Resources

Whenever we travel to we make sure to start with these companies. We have tried a lot of different ones over the years and all of these have consistently proven to be the best when it comes to offering great prices.

We have used every one of these personally and continue to do so.

• Booking.com : This is our go site to when comparing prices for accommodation. It usually has the cheapest prices, especially in Europe and we love their interface. Not to mention you get free cancellation and you are guaranteed the best price.
• Trip Advisor :  What we like about Trip Advisor is that we can look at all the reviews and then book our accommodation. TripAdvisor is where we go when we want to compare prices with multiple accommodation providers.
• VRBO : is the main search engine we use when we are looking for a home or apartment rental. It can sometimes be cheaper than hotels and it is the best way to stay in areas that offer a more local feel.
• Hostelworld :  With one of the largest databases of hostels in the world, Hostelworld is the go-to site when you are looking for budget accommodation.
• Skyscanner : This is the first place we check for flights. It consistently comes back with the cheapest and best options. It allows us to compare a lot of airlines to get the best price.
• Rome 2 Rio :  If you want to see how to get somewhere by plane, train, bus, ferry or car Rome2Rio lays it all out for you as well as related costs.I love how they show it all to you on a Google Map and it works offline.
• Get Your Guide:  For all your day trip and city guide needs, we use Get Your Guide. It has the world’s largest collection of things to do with more than 30,000 activities in 7500 destinations.
• World Nomads Insurance:  When traveling to Italy you should always have travel insurance. We have found the best bang for your buck is by far World Nomads.

Kazakhstan Travel Guide: Related Articles

To browse all our articles and guides about Kazakhstan  click here.

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Countries that don’t need a visa to enter Spain

Are you planning to travel to the Spanish territory? Then here you will find what you are looking for. Discover the complete list of countries that need a visa to enter Spain, and find out if yours does not . Including an extra step that will come into effect in 2021 and that you should keep in mind!

Before starting: about the Schengen Area and short-stay visas

Before moving to the list with all the countries and nationalities require a visa to enter Spain legally, it will be very important to understand the context.

Applying for a visa means adopting the ability to enter and stay in Spain legally for a maximum of 90 days .

Whether it is to visit a family member, attend a business event, or simply visit the country for tourism, if your nationality requires you to apply for one, it will be important that you do so in order to enter Spain (otherwise you will get rejected at the entry border).

This visa is known as a tourist visa or Schengen visa . 

It is called a Schengen visa because you are applying to enter a country within this zone, the Schengen Area. And although it is made up of many of the same countries, the Schengen Area is not the same as the European Union .

Nevertheless, Spain is inside both groups. 

Which countries do not require a visa to enter Spain?

Let’s now see the complete list of countries that do not need to apply for a short term visa to enter Spain:

• Antigua & Barbuda
• A.R.Y.M.(Former Yugoslav Republic of
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Brunei Darussalam
• South Korea
• El Salvador
• United Arab Emirates
• United States
• Marshall Islands
• New Zealand
• Solomon Islands
• Saint Christopher and Nevis
• S. Vincent and the Grenadines
• Saint Lucia
• Trinidad and Tobago

But be careful!

If you are a citizen of any of these countries, you can enter the Spanish territory without making any formalities at the consulate and without applying for a Schengen visa. However, you are still required to meet certain requirements, such as proof of accommodation or a return flight .

You can find here all the requirements for entry without a visa .

In addition, from 2022, any foreigner who enters Spain without a visa must fill out (online) the ETIAS form .

And here you can find a complete guide with all the information about this certificate .

Do you have any doubts? Get in touch with our immigration lawyers and receive personalized legal advice and all your doubts solved:

Who needs visa to Spain?

On the other hand, we find the countries that do have to apply for a tourist visa to enter Spain . These countries are:

• Afghanistan
• Saudi Arabia
• Burma/Myanmar
• Burkina Faso
• North Korea
• Ivory Coast
• Philippines
• Guinea Bissau
• Equatorial Guinea
• Papua N. Guinea
• Central African Republic
• D. Rep. of the Congo
• Dominican Republic
• Sierra Leone
• South Africa
• South Sudan
• Turkmenistan
• Palestinian Authority

Apply for your tourist visa now

In case your country is listed above and you need to apply for a visa to enter Spanish territory, we can make it very easy for you.  

Send us an email by filling out the following form and our team of lawyers will advise you, step by step, on how to get your visa easily . 

Get in touch with our lawyers and let us guide you step by step:

Use my online scheduling page by vcita to schedule an appointment with me:

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Kazakhstan Travel Advisory

Travel advisory june 30, 2023, kazakhstan - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued after periodic review with updates to the Travel Advisory Level. Exercise normal precautions in Kazakhstan.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Kazakhstan.

If you decide to travel to Kazakhstan:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Kazakhstan.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

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Spanish Ambassador to Kazakhstan Sees Ties Growing between Two Countries

By Assel Satubaldina in International on 17 February 2023

ASTANA – Bilateral ties between Kazakhstan and Spain are growing as they crossed a 30-year milestone last year. The ambition that Kazakhstan and Spain demonstrate, the dynamism of Spanish companies, and the reforms undertaken by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev give high hopes the next 30 years are going to be just as fruitful as the previous ones, said Spanish Ambassador to Kazakhstan ​​Jorge Urbiola in an exclusive interview for this story.

Ambassador Jorge Urbiola. Photo credit: Embassy of Spain in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan and Spain established diplomatic relations in February 1992, just a few weeks after Kazakhstan gained independence in December 1991. Over these years, there have been multiple high-level visits, besides regular political and economic consultations.

More recently, Kazakh Foreign Minister Mukhtar Tileuberdi traveled to Spain in July 2021 to forge trade and investments. In December, Kazakhstan’s Deputy Foreign Minister Roman Vassilenko and Spain’s Secretary of State for Foreign and Global Affairs Angeles Moreno Bau co-chaired the seventh political consultations in Madrid.

“If we look back and observe the path traveled during 30 years of bilateral relations, it would be difficult to say that the best is yet to come. (…) Focusing on 2023, our short-term goals are the entry into force of the Air Transport Agreement, the arrival of more Spanish companies and a successful Joint Committee and Business Council,” said Urbiola.

The bilateral air transport agreement, pending the final internal procedures on the Kazakh side, will speed up the launch of direct flights between Kazakhstan and Spain.

“I am also confident that airlines will soon open direct flights between Kazakh and Spanish cities, given that Kazakhstan has recently confirmed the open sky policy and there is a growing demand by Kazakh tourists to visit Spain,” said Urbiola.

The ambassador praised how the bilateral ties are developing.

“If I had to summarize our bilateral relation in one word, I would certainly say excellent. We are two countries without historical disputes of any kind, with a Strategic Association in force since 2010, a regular flow of high-level political contacts and a consolidated framework for intergovernmental and business dialogue in the field of economic relations,” said Urbiola.

He quoted the words of Abai Kunanbayev’s “Book of Words” to describe the bilateral ties.

“If you allow me to use a literary metaphor, I would use the image the great Abai used in his ‘Book of Words’ to refer to his life, but the other way around, ‘a long road fraught with struggles and quarrels, disputes and arguments, suffering and anxiety.’ The history of our bilateral relation lies exactly on the opposite side of Abai’s description,” he said.

Trade and investments grow at a “rapid pace”

Spain is one of Kazakhstan’s five largest trading partners among the European Union countries. Between January and October, bilateral trade turnover reached $2.2 billion. The Kazakh economy received $287.6 million in direct investments from Spain from 2005 to the second quarter of 2022.

Tileuberdi visits the Airbus facility in Spain. Photo credit: Kazakh Foreign Ministry.

Sixty-seven legal entities with Spanish capital, including Maxam, Airbus, Indra, IDOM, Eurofinsa, Tecnove Security, and Inditex, are working in Kazakhstan.

Urbiola said Spain and Kazakhstan’s bilateral trade relations are increasing at a “rapid pace.” According to him, 2022 witnessed a 60 percent increase in Spanish exports and an 84 percent increase in Kazakhstan’s exports. Kazakh exports largely include crude oil, ferroalloys, and aluminum products, and imports are medicines, tires, trucks, and passenger cars.

“Though the figures for the month of December 2022 have not yet been made available, the estimate is that Spain’s exports surpassed $200 million. Apart from fashion, which is Spain’s main export to Kazakhstan, a big component is industrial products, such as machinery, tractors, tires, chemicals or pharmaceuticals,” he said.

Speaking about the economic relations, Urbiola described it as “good, imbalanced and growing.”

“They are good, according to the figures. Bilateral trade stood at more than $3 billion in 2022. They are imbalanced because the trade coverage ratios for Spain have been rather low for several years, with a record low of only 5.6 percent in 2018. This is due to the fact that Kazakhstan is one of our main suppliers of crude oil. The good news is that they are growing,” said the Spanish envoy.  

According to Urbiola, ongoing political reforms under the Just Kazakhstan agenda will attract investors to the country.

“Kazakhstan recovered growth very fast after the pandemic and continued growing in 2022. Per capita gross domestic product is on the rise, the economy is becoming more efficient and consumption is expanding, all of which make the country attractive to Spanish companies and investors. It is also of utmost importance to apply a clear tax policy to foreign companies, a key element for the right business climate,” he said.

Major projects and promising areas of cooperation

One of the latest projects is between Técnicas Reunidas, a Spanish engineering company, and KazAzot, Kazakhstan’s national manufacturer and exporter of ammonia and ammonium nitrate, to develop the engineering services of a fertilizer plant in Aktau, which, according to Urbiola, will be the biggest in Kazakhstan.

In 2001, Kazakhstan Temir Zholy national railway operator commissioned Talgo to deliver a six-car tilting train for a series of demonstration tests on the 1,350-kilometer line between Almaty and Astana. Photo credit: talgo.com.

Talgo, producing and maintaining fast trains, has been among the major Spanish companies working in Kazakhstan since 2001.

“In the field of fashion, ZARA and other brands from INDITEX group, one of the largest fashion retail groups in the world, already have a big presence in the country. This popular retail hotspot keeps offering the latest trends to Kazakh consumers of all ages and employs more than 1,000 local staff,” said Urbiola.

GLOVO, a popular delivery service in Kazakhstan, also hails from Spain. It operates in 14 cities and employs 100 staff and 7,000 couriers.

“Other Spanish companies are operating solid waste recycling facilities in Kazakh cities, contributing to a cleaner environment that will benefit future generations,” he added.

Opportunities are emerging in the renewables sector. Kazakhstan sets ambitious goals for renewable energy development, aiming to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Spain is on a similar path, seeking to become carbon neutral by 2050.

“In the sector of renewable energies, some Spanish companies are negotiating investments in Kazakhstan in hydroelectric power generation, wind turbines, and solar energy. There are also opportunities in desalination. When I first visited the Mangystau region, I realized the experience of Spanish companies in irrigating drylands could perfectly fit the local needs of converting the water from the Caspian Sea into drinking water and irrigation,” he said.

Urbiola also mentioned healthcare, wastewater treatment and the fishing industry as promising areas for the two countries.

The upcoming meetings of the Intergovernmental Joint Economic Committee and the Business Council are expected to forge diversification in two-way commerce and investment.

Kazakhstan-Spain partnership in the context of the European Union

In the second half of 2023, Spain is expected to assume the Presidency of the Council of the European Union for what will be the country’s fifth time in that position. Urbiola said Spain’s presidency would “certainly fit as a glove into a broader Kazakhstan-EU cooperation.”

Ambassador Urbiola and Roman Vassilenko during their meeting in July. Photo credit: Kazakh Foreign Ministry.

“During our recent Annual Conference of Ambassadors, Vice-Minister for Europe informed us that Central Asia will be a foreign policy priority area during the Spanish Presidency. We will continue the work initiated by Presidents of the European Council and European Commission, Michel and von der Leyen, as well as HR/VP Borrell, in the recent meetings held with President Tokayev,” he said.

The work that Urbiola mentioned will concern the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, also known as the Middle Corridor, which, he noted, encompasses many of the key areas of the EU-Kazakhstan bilateral agenda, including sustainable connectivity.

“It will certainly be a touchstone for the Global Gateway initiative. As regards the EPCA [Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signed by Kazakhstan and EU in March 2020], we will work together with the European Commission for the effective implementation of as many spheres as possible,” he added.

Culture and language

People-to-people contacts are an important part of Kazakh and Spanish cooperation. The Spanish language is becoming increasingly popular in Kazakhstan, a trend that Urbiola described as “extremely satisfying.”

“Spanish is a global language with nearly 500 million native speakers, which makes it the world’s second-largest mother tongue. It is also the third most widely used language on the internet. But beyond these figures, Spanish is Cervantes, Goya, Dalí. It is also our football La Liga with Real Madrid and Barcelona. For the younger ones, it is Enrique Iglesias, Rosalia,” said Urbiola.

Astana may also have the first Spanish school in Kazakhstan. The Spanish Ministry of Education is working now with a school in the Kazakh capital. “It would be an honor to inaugurate it while still on duty here,” he added.

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One Week in Kazakhstan – A Step-by-Step Kazakhstan Itinerary

Plan your visit with this in-depth Kazakhstan itinerary.

Many people believe that Kazakhstan is a country full of indefinite flatness. And, in some ways, that’s true, there is a lot of flatness to be seen here.

However, Kazakhstan also boasts bustling cities, amazing mountains, sparkling alpine lakes, and stunning canyons. In just one week in this vast country, I saw all of the above (and more!). 

Some Americans claim that Kazakhstan is an inaccessible destination because of where it’s located. However, it’s not that much farther from the USA than Thailand or South Africa, both of which see thousands of American tourists each year.

In fact, in just one week, you can experience a lot of the best things this country has to offer! Read on to hear my tried-and-tested 7-day itinerary if you only have one week in Kazakhstan.

A few guidelines about this itinerary:

• Outdoor lovers
• Hikers of all levels
• Adventure travelers
• Extreme foodies
• People who don’t like hiking
• City people (I’ve only given you one day in Almaty here)

One Week in Kazakhstan: A Sample Itinerary

Day 0: arrive in almaty.

If you’re flying into Almaty, you’ll arrive into Almaty International Airport (ALA). From there, a taxi to the city center costs up to ~3,000 KZT and takes about 30-45 minutes. In Almaty, I’ve heard great things about FM Hostel Almaty (budget) or Renion Park Hotel (mid-range), which are both centrally located and reasonably priced.

Day 1: Almaty City Tour

As one of the largest cities in Central Asia , Almaty feels like the “New York” of Kazakhstan.

With crowded streets, upscale shopping malls, and a widespread public transit system, Almaty is easy to get around and explore. While you’re recovering from jet lag, you can get to know some of the areas that make Almaty such a beloved city in Central Asia.

You can roam the city independently, or register for this well-renowned walking tour in the city.

One of the city’s most notable sights, the  Ascension Cathedral   is a colorful Russian-style church located in one of the city’s most picturesque parks (* Note: as of my visit, the Ascension Cathedral is closed and covered in scaffolding for renovations ).

Even if you don’t enter the cathedral, the surrounding Panfilov Park is the perfect place for a morning stroll or some light people-watching. There are many museums in the area, like the Kazakhstan Museum of Musical Instruments or the Central State Museum.

In the late afternoon or early evening, head to Kok-Tobe by cable car for sweeping views of the city and some prime people-watching activities.

Or, alternatively, stroll along the Zhibek Zholy walking street and grab your dinner there.

Day 2: Hiking in Medeu and Shymbulak (Chimbulak)

I didn’t actually make it up to Medeu and Shymbulak when I was in Almaty, but I heard from many fellow travelers that this was one of the best things to do while visiting Almaty.

Medeu is the city’s outdoor ice skating rink, and Shymbulak is the nearby ski resort. In the winter, they serve these exact purposes, but in summertime, the grounds open up for a variety of walks and day hikes.

Many people told me it was akin to hiking in the Alps (which is a pretty raving review coming from Swiss people themselves).

So, if you feel like getting outdoors, I’d recommend taking a day of your week-long itinerary to go up to Medeu to do some hiking.

To get to Medeu, you can take the Medeu cable car or travel by public bus/taxi.

Day 3: Day Trip to Big Almaty Lake

One of the most beloved local hangouts in the Almaty region is Big Almaty Lake. Known to locals simply as ‘Bao,’ this water reservoir is located high in a mountainous area.

Depending on the time of year and the lighting, the water ranges from a pale blue to a deep turquoise. It’s the perfect place to enjoy a picnic by the lakeside and people watch. However, don’t go near this precious drinking water – it’s guarded by soldiers and is illegal to enter.

To get to Big Almaty Lake, you can hire a taxi from the city each way for ~3,000-4,000 KZT each way. Yandex Taxi is an app that works really well for ordering taxis over a WiFi or cellular connection.

I STRONGLY recommend organizing your transport to and from the lake in advance, as taxis can be somewhat hard to come by up at the lake. If you have trouble communicating with your driver, you can also ask your hotel/hostel to organize it for you (usually at a slightly more expensive price).

Alternatively book a day-long tour to Big Almaty Lake

Day 4: Charyn Canyon

Charyn Canyon is a huge surprise in the middle of otherwise steppe-like terrain.

It’s a large, jutting canyon that’s a beautiful shade of red-orange. Inside the canyon, there are amazing and somewhat extraterrestrial-looking rock formations. It’s really spectacular, especially if you can manage to go when the sun is low in the sky.

Inside of the canyon, there’s a hiking trail that takes you to a small river and campground, but you can also hike the rim, which gives you amazing bird’s eye views of the canyon below.

To get to Charyn Canyon, you have a couple of options:

Take a day tour from Almaty – According to other travelers, you can find a day trip to Charyn Canyon from Almaty for a very reasonable price. However, you’ll be really time-constrained and the tours don’t actually run regularly so you need to book in advance.

Join a multi-day tour which includes Charyn Canyon – This is the option I did, and the one I recommend for people who are both budget-conscious and time-constrained. I paid ~$300 USD for a 4-day trip, including all meals and accommodation. Tours generally cost less per person with more passengers.

Hire a private driver – This is the most expensive option, but is also the safest, most flexible, and most convenient.

Rent a car and self-drive – Iron Horse Nomads and European Backpackers Hostel.

As a side note, I took a 4-day tour to Charyn Canyon, Kolsai Lakes, Kaindy Lake, and Altyn Emel Sand Dune. I highly recommend doing the tour if you’re short on time, so you can see everything in one fell swoop. 

However, during my tour, our group had some run ins with terrible disorganization and our driver once come to pick us up while drunk. Therefore, I can’t recommend – and actively dissuade you from attending – the tour I went on (with Almaty Backpackers). This tour looks like a good alternative , even though it’s shorter – or ask at your hotel or hostel.

Day 5: Kaindy Lake

Kaindy Lake was my favorite place in all of Kazakhstan, and it should be pretty easy to see why.

It’s one of the most brightly-colored and strange lakes I’ve ever seen, with an outcropping of white tree trunks sticking out of its otherwise glass-like waters.

These trees used to stand in the valley before it was a lake, and remained there after the waters and glacial melt started to enter the region. 

To do this, you’ll need to take a bus, taxi, or private car to Saty village. There’s a rumor about a bus at 9 am from Almaty to Saty, but I was never able to confirm this. I came to Saty as part of my tour.

From Saty, you need to take another marskrutka (4WD) to Kaindy Lake. From the parking lot, you can walk around the lake, to the front viewpoint (pictured above) or the back side, where swimming is permitted. 

After your adventure at Kaindy, you’ll need to spend the night in the area. You have two options for accommodation here: camping at Kaindy Lake (a prime spot by the lakeside) or staying in a yurt/guesthouse in Saty village.

Day 6: Kolsai Lakes National Park

Avid hikers – you shouldn’t miss Kolsai Lakes on your Kazakhstan itinerary.

Filled with 3 magnificent glacial lakes surrounded by mountains and endless miles of emerald evergreen forests, Kolsai is the perfect place to spend a day (or two) hiking. You can also go for a swim in the second lake, but keep in mind that it’s VERY cold.

Here, there are dozens of miles of trails you can take to 3 different glacial lakes within this national park. I did a day hike to the second lake, which was ~17 km round trip.

To get here, you can drive (4WD) or take a marshrutka from Saty village. Upon arrival, there’s a small fee to enter the park. You’ll spend another night in Saty.

Day 7: Altyn-Emel & Singing Sand Dunes

The next day is a driving day – you’ll be headed to the giant sand dunes of the Almaty area in Altyn-Emel National Park.

Start early because the drive is really long – likely 4-5 hours or more. However, once you get to Altyn-Emel, you won’t be disappointed. It’s not a huge complex of sand dunes, but the unique thing about it is that it’s surrounded by flat steppe.

You drive for miles on the flattest, most open road ever, and BOOM, you suddenly see a giant golden sand dune pop up out of nowhere. It’s called the “singing sand dune” because the winds cause a low, rumbling hum if the conditions are perfect.

After you’ve hiked up and around the sand dunes, you can head back to Almaty and spend the night there at FM Hostel Almaty (budget) or Renion Park Hotel (mid-range).

Day 8: Departure

On your last day, you’ll head to the airport for departure. One week in Kazakhstan flies by, doesn’t it?

If You Have More Time in Your Kazakhstan Itinerary

One week in Kazakhstan is definitely enough to get a feel for the culture and nature of the country, but if you can take an extra week here, I’d highly recommend it. If you have an additional week in Kazakhstan, here are a couple more places you can explore.

Shymkent & Turkestan

If you’ve got a few more days, Shymkent and Turkestan are the easiest places to visit from Almaty.

In Shymkent, you can experience the most hospitable people in all of Kazakhstan (true story), and use it as a jumping off point to experience the Aksu Canyon, Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve, and the Tian Shan Mountains.

Turkestan is famous for its Silk Road-style mausoleum, adorned with gorgeous tiles and magnificent architecture.

To get to Shymkent/Turkestan, you can hop on an overnight train, a marshrutka, or a flight to get to Shymkent from Almaty. Then, Turkestan is just a few hours on a minibus from the main bus station.

Where to Stay in Shymkent

For budget travelers, I recommend Hostel Sweet Home in Shymkent. Albina, the owner, is one of the kindest and most hospitable people I met in Kazakhstan, and she makes a delicious breakfast, too. The hostel is affordable and clean, and there’s air conditioning in all of the bedrooms. Book Hostel Sweet Home now

Astana is Kazakhstan’s capital, and it’s unlike any other city I’ve ever seen.

With shiny, modern, almost outer-space-like architecture and some of the most amazing mosques and museums in the country, it’s definitely worth a visit if you’re craving a city vibe.

There are a surprising number of things to do in Astana considering it’s pretty far off the typical tourist track.

From Astana, you can also take an overnight trip out to Burabay National Park, a beautiful, lake-filled park at the very northern part of Kazakhstan.

Where to Stay in Astana

For budget travelers, I recommend Hostel Forum . It is clean, cozy, and private, the staff speaks English fairly well, and it’s very affordable. It’s also easily accessible by taxi or public transportation from many of the main sites. Book Hostel Forum now

One Week in Kazakhstan: Practical Tips

How to get to kazakhstan.

While there’s no direct flight from the USA to Kazakhstan (yet), Kazakhstan is fairly easily accessible with just one layover from most major airports. It’s also easy to find direct flights from large European cities. The major international airports of Kazakhstan are in Almaty (ALA) and Astana (TSE).

Getting Around Kazakhstan

This is by far the easiest and quickest way to get around Kazakhstan, but it’s also the most expensive. Compared to domestic flights in the United States or Canada, however, inter-city flights in Kazakhstan are reasonably affordable. Local airlines Bek Air and Air Astana offer domestic flights within Kazakhstan.

Between Astana, Almaty, and Shymkent there are slow trains that run regularly. However, they are  really slow. Like 20+ hours slow. It’s much, much more time efficient to take a plane or even a bus.

If you really  want to experience trains in Kazakhstan, I recommend taking one between Shymkent and Almaty (or vice versa), as that ride only takes 11-12 hours. You can choose from first class (2-berth), second class (4-berth), and the platzkart (open berth car).

Obviously the platzkart is the cheapest, but you can choose your service class depending on your desired level of comfort. You can look at schedules and book train tickets on tickets.kz . You can also purchase tickets in person at any train station.

By Bus/Marshrutka

Marshrutkas, or mini buses, leave from the main bus station of every city and go to a variety of towns and cities around Kazakhstan and Central Asia. You can expect to pay anywhere from <$1 (local marshrutkas) to $7-10 (long distance marshrutkas) per ride)

Kazakhstan Itinerary: Read Next

• The Best Things to do in Astana

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I’m Kay. I’m originally from small town Virginia, but have moved all around the East Coast and the United States for basically my entire life. I spent my childhood days blissfully wandering through the Blue Ridge Mountains, rolling in leaves, playing in creeks…you know, the usual overly adventurous 5-year-old stuff.

But those early years spent outside gave me a real problem: I’m now an adventure addict. Basically, if I’m not at my computer banging out articles or photos, I’m probably out hiking, biking, or camping somewhere beautiful.

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Thanks for sharing the info. I’m gonna use it to plan a trip to KZ soon!

Hey. Awesome guide! Very helpful blueprint for any visit. Just sharing an update. The scaffolding around the cathedral is gone, the interior is accessible and beautiful, but the center of the sanctuary is closed off.

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COVID-19: travel health notice for all travellers

Kazakhstan travel advice

Latest updates: Health – editorial update

Last updated: March 13, 2024 13:47 ET

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Safety and security, entry and exit requirements, laws and culture, natural disasters and climate, kazakhstan - take normal security precautions.

Take normal security precautions in Kazakhstan

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Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, purse snatching and vehicle break-ins occurs, particularly in Astana and Almaty.

Theft is frequent in or near tourist locations, including:

• public transportation, especially buses
• shopping areas
• open-air markets
• restaurants

During your stay:

• exercise caution
• ensure that your belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• be aware of your surroundings at all times, especially in crowded areas
• don’t walk or travel alone at night
• don’t show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery
• don’t carry large amounts of money
• be vigilant if approached by strangers seeking assistance
• don’t leave valuables within reach or in plain sight 

Violent crime

Violent crime against foreigners rarely occurs. However, there have been reports of attacks, muggings and robbery.

There have been incidents involving tourists outside of bars and nightclubs, especially at night, in Almaty, Astana and Atyrau. Residences of foreigners have also been targets for burglary.

Kazakhstan is a transit country for drugs, but there is also an increase in local production and consumption in urban areas, especially of synthetic drugs. Illicit drug trafficking and use may lead to violent spillovers and street crime.

• Exercise caution
• Avoid areas that seem unsafe
• Don’t walk alone at night
• Choose living accommodations that have adequate security measures
• When at home, don’t open your door to strangers under any circumstance
• Keep windows and doors locked at all times

There is a threat of terrorism. There are security concerns about extremism and radicalization, but Kazakh authorities have reinforced security measures. Terrorist attacks could still occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Be particularly vigilant during:

• sporting events
• religious holidays
• public celebrations
• major political events, such as elections

Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks.

Credit and debit cards

Credit and debit card as well ATM fraud occur.

• Pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• Use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank
• Avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• Cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• Check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Cybercrime occurs frequently in Kazakhstan, especially online extortion and identity theft. There are several reported cases of Canadian citizens transferring money to individuals in Kazakhstan and losing contact with the swindlers once the transaction is completed.

Criminals can compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal personal data or credit information. They can also monitor social media and listen to your phone conversations. 

• Don’t transfer money to strangers
• Don’t share personal information over the phone or online, including on social media
• Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks 
• Consider using a virtual private network (VPN) when browsing on the Internet
• Avoid shopping on unencrypted websites 
• Don't click on suspicious links that ask for your banking information in an e-mail or text message 

Fraudulent police officers

Thieves posing as police officers have approached foreign travellers and asked them to pay alleged fines. There are also reported cases of online scams by individuals posing as investigators asking people to confirm their personal information in the context of an ongoing investigation.

If you face a similar situation:

• offer to go to the nearest police station
• ask to see police credentials
• remain vigilant

Overseas fraud

Demonstrations

Demonstrations take place occasionally and require approval from local authorities.

In 2022, security forces strongly intervened in large-scale demonstrations across Kazakhstan. The demonstrations led to vandalism and violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces, which resulted in hundreds of casualties.

The situation has since returned to normal without any further disturbances, but you should expect a heightened presence of security forces on or around politically important days.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.   

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Spiked food and drinks

Never leave food or drinks unattended or in the care of strangers. Be wary of accepting snacks, beverages, gum or cigarettes from new acquaintances. These items may contain drugs that could put you at risk of sexual assault and robbery.

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse. 

Advice for women travellers

Road safety

Road conditions.

Road conditions vary throughout the country. They are generally in good condition in and around major cities, but in rural areas, they are poorly maintained and dangerous due to:

• large potholes
• malfunctioning or absence of traffic lights
• insufficient lighting
• uneven surface
• bad road markings and signage

Fuel shortages occur occasionally, even in major cities and gas stations are limited in rural areas.

If you travel to remote areas:

• keep in mind that services and roadside assistance may be limited
• keep your gas tank full
• make sure that you have an adequate supply of food and water

During winter, driving conditions are hazardous, particularly in the Kazakh Steppe. Roads and highways regularly close due to cold, wind and snow.

Driving habits

Drivers are reckless and often disregard traffic laws, especially during rush hours.

Typical behaviours include:

• sudden lane changes without signalling
• driving on the opposite side of the road and astride lanes
• driving and parking on sidewalks
• stopping abruptly

Pedestrians often cross in the middle of the road and drivers don’t always give pedestrians the right of way.

If you’re driving in Kazakhstan:

• always drive defensively
• avoid driving at night
• use main roads and highways as much as possible
• always carry a cellphone and a charger

Public transportation

In major cities, buses are generally in good condition. However, they are often overcrowded and  pickpockets are common.

• Always carry your valuables and identification with you
• Avoid storing bags in the overhead compartment or under your seat
• Don't take buses that look overloaded or in poor condition

When travelling to or between rural areas, avoid using minibuses called ‘’Marshrutka’’. They often lack security features like seatbelts.

Official and unofficial taxis operate in Kazakhstan.

Unofficial taxis don’t always have roof-mounted taxi signs and are not always equipped with safety features like seatbelts.

Unofficial taxis may pick up additional passengers, which poses a risk to your safety. There are reports of passengers being overcharged, and becoming victims of robbery, assault and harassment by unmarked taxi drivers.

At airports, some drivers may insist to get you into their car and will significantly overcharge you.

In major cities, there are ridesharing applications through which you can order taxis with generally safer vehicles and fixed fares, except if you select the cheapest category.

If you choose to take taxis during your stay:

• order your taxi at the reception if you are staying at a hotel
• don’t use unmarked taxis
• never share a taxi with strangers
• confirm the fare in advance
• have small bills available for payment

While rail service is reliable and relatively safe, onboard robberies do occur.

• Make sure that your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• Don’t leave your compartment unattended
• Keep the door locked from the inside

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the authorities of Kazakhstan. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the  Foreign Representatives in Canada .

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 3 months beyond the expiry date of your visa, if required. If the purpose of your travel to Kazakhstan requires a visa, you should keep at least two blank pages in your passport. If the purpose of your travel to Kazakhstan doesn’t require a visa, you should keep at least one blank page in your passport.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Tourist visa: not required for stays of up to 30 days for a maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period. Business visa: not required for stays of up to 30 days for a maximum of 90 days in a 180-day period. Student visa: required

You could face various penalties if you overstay or if you don’t comply with the terms of your visa including:

• deportation
• prison terms

Ensure that your visa corresponds to the type of activity you plan to undertake.

Visa to Kazakhstan - Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Canada

Closed zones

Kazakh authorities prohibit access to certain areas if you don’t obtain prior authorization. This includes areas along the border with China and close to military installations, such as the city of Baikonur.

If you intend to travel in these areas, you should contact the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the nearest embassy or consulate of Kazakhstan to obtain the necessary approvals.

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children .

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Relevant Travel Health Notices

• Global Measles Notice - 13 March, 2024
• COVID-19 and International Travel - 13 March, 2024

This section contains information on possible health risks and restrictions regularly found or ongoing in the destination. Follow this advice to lower your risk of becoming ill while travelling. Not all risks are listed below.

Consult a health care professional or visit a travel health clinic preferably 6 weeks before you travel to get personalized health advice and recommendations.

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your  routine vaccinations , as per your province or territory , are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Yellow fever   is a disease caused by a flavivirus from the bite of an infected mosquito.

Travellers get vaccinated either because it is required to enter a country or because it is recommended for their protection.

• There is no risk of yellow fever in this country.

Country Entry Requirement*

• Proof of vaccination is required if you are coming from or have transited through an airport of a country   where yellow fever occurs.

Recommendation

• Vaccination is not recommended.
• Discuss travel plans, activities, and destinations with a health care professional.
• Contact a designated  Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre  well in advance of your trip to arrange for vaccination.

About Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Vaccination Centres in Canada * It is important to note that  country entry requirements  may not reflect your risk of yellow fever at your destination. It is recommended that you contact the nearest  diplomatic or consular office  of the destination(s) you will be visiting to verify any additional entry requirements.

There is a risk of hepatitis A in this destination. It is a disease of the liver. People can get hepatitis A if they ingest contaminated food or water, eat foods prepared by an infectious person, or if they have close physical contact (such as oral-anal sex) with an infectious person, although casual contact among people does not spread the virus.

Practise  safe food and water precautions and wash your hands often. Vaccination is recommended for all travellers to areas where hepatitis A is present.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a risk in some areas of this destination. It is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks or occasionally when unpasteurized milk products are consumed.

Travellers to areas where TBE is found may be at higher risk  during April to November, and the risk is highest for people who hike or camp in forested areas.

Protect yourself from tick bites . The vaccine is not available in Canada. It may be available in the destination you are travelling to.

  Hepatitis B is a risk in every destination. It is a viral liver disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through exposure to blood and body fluids containing the hepatitis B virus.  Travellers who may be exposed to blood or other bodily fluids (e.g., through sexual contact, medical treatment, sharing needles, tattooing, acupuncture or occupational exposure) are at higher risk of getting hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all travellers. Prevent hepatitis B infection by practicing safe sex, only using new and sterile drug equipment, and only getting tattoos and piercings in settings that follow public health regulations and standards.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease. It can spread from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

It is recommended that all eligible travellers complete a COVID-19 vaccine series along with any additional recommended doses in Canada before travelling. Evidence shows that vaccines are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. While vaccination provides better protection against serious illness, you may still be at risk of infection from the virus that causes COVID-19. Anyone who has not completed a vaccine series is at increased risk of being infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 and is at greater risk for severe disease when travelling internationally.

Before travelling, verify your destination’s COVID-19 vaccination entry/exit requirements. Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are adequately protected against COVID-19.

 The best way to protect yourself from seasonal influenza (flu) is to get vaccinated every year. Get the flu shot at least 2 weeks before travelling.  

 The flu occurs worldwide. 

•  In the Northern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs from November to   April.
•  In the Southern Hemisphere, the flu season usually runs between April and   October.
•  In the tropics, there is flu activity year round. 

The flu vaccine available in one hemisphere may only offer partial protection against the flu in the other hemisphere.

The flu virus spreads from person to person when they cough or sneeze or by touching objects and surfaces that have been contaminated with the virus. Clean your hands often and wear a mask if you have a fever or respiratory symptoms.

Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It can spread quickly from person to person by direct contact and through droplets in the air.

Anyone who is not protected against measles is at risk of being infected with it when travelling internationally.

Regardless of where you are going, talk to a health care professional before travelling to make sure you are fully protected against measles.

In this destination, rabies is commonly carried by dogs and some wildlife, including bats. Rabies is a deadly disease that spreads to humans primarily through bites or scratches from an infected animal. While travelling, take precautions , including keeping your distance from animals (including free-roaming dogs), and closely supervising children.

If you are bitten or scratched by a dog or other animal while travelling, immediately wash the wound with soap and clean water and see a health care professional. In this destination, rabies treatment may be limited or may not be available, therefore you may need to return to Canada for treatment.  

Before travel, discuss rabies vaccination with a health care professional. It may be recommended for travellers who are at high risk of exposure (e.g., occupational risk such as veterinarians and wildlife workers, children, adventure travellers and spelunkers, and others in close contact with animals). 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Travellers' diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers. It is spread from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

Risk of developing travellers' diarrhea increases when travelling in regions with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. Practise safe food and water precautions.

The most important treatment for travellers' diarrhea is rehydration (drinking lots of fluids). Carry oral rehydration salts when travelling.

Typhoid   is a bacterial infection spread by contaminated food or water. Risk is higher among children, travellers going to rural areas, travellers visiting friends and relatives or those travelling for a long period of time.

Travellers visiting regions with a risk of typhoid, especially those exposed to places with poor sanitation, should speak to a health care professional about vaccination.  

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral disease that can cause fever, pain and bleeding under the skin.  In some cases, it can be fatal.  It spreads to humans through contact with infected animal blood or tissues, or from the bite of an infected tick.  Risk is generally low for most travellers.  Protect yourself from tick bites and avoid animals, particularly livestock.  There is no vaccine available for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette , which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•   washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) , HIV , and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by bacteria and usually affects the lungs.

For most travellers the risk of tuberculosis is low.

Travellers who may be at high risk while travelling in regions with risk of tuberculosis should discuss pre- and post-travel options with a health care professional.

High-risk travellers include those visiting or working in prisons, refugee camps, homeless shelters, or hospitals, or travellers visiting friends and relatives.

Medical services and facilities

Medical services and facilities are below Canadian standards. The equipment is often obsolete and not adequate for serious medical procedures. Medical facilities may lack basic supplies, especially in rural areas.

You will likely need medical evacuation in case of serious illness or injury.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Travel health and safety

Some prescription medication may not be available in Kazakhstan.

If you take prescription medication, you’re responsible for determining their legality in the country.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication with you
• Always keep your medication in the original container
• Pack them in your carry-on luggage
• Carry a copy of your prescriptions

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a   travel health kit , especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad .

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines. 

Drugs, alcohol and travel

2SLGBTQI+ persons

The law of Kazakhstan doesn’t criminalize sexual acts or relationships between individuals of the same sex.

However, 2SLGBTQI+ persons could be discriminated against based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is not legally recognized in Kazakhstan.

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Kazakhstan, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.

Travellers with dual citizenship

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Kazakhstan.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Kazakhstan by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Kazakhstan to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to the Vulnerable Children’s Consular Unit at Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre.

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country’s judicial affairs.

• International Child Abduction: A Guidebook for Left-Behind Parents
• Travelling with children
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Emergency Watch and Response Centre

Religious proselytism

Religious proselytizing and certain religious activities are illegal in Kazakhstan, including:

• importing, producing and distributing religious content without prior approval from the government
• practicing private religious education without registration
• holding religious ceremonies without prior approval from the government

If you engage in illegal religious activities, you could face:

• heavy fines
• lengthy jail sentences

Dress and behaviour

Kazakhstan is a secular country. However, Islamic practices and beliefs are adhered to, particularly in rural areas.

To avoid offending local sensitivities:

• dress conservatively
• behave discreetly
• respect religious and social traditions

Photography

Photographing may be restricted or prohibited, including in or near:

• military installations
• airport facilities
• border areas

Some large shops and supermarkets also prohibit photography.

Seek permission before taking photos, especially of official buildings and individuals.

Identification

Local authorities may ask you to show identification at any time.

• Carry valid identification such as your passport and visa with you at all times
• Keep a photocopy of your passport in a safe place, in case it is lost or confiscated
• Keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents

Kazakhstan has a zero-tolerance policy for drinking and driving.

A Canadian driver’s licence alone is not acceptable to drive in Kazakhstan. You must carry an international driving permit.

You must carry an international driving permit.

International Driving Permit

The currency is the Kazakh tenge (KZT). You should carry cash when travelling to rural areas as credit and debit cards may not be as widely accepted as in major cities.

Foreign currency declaration

There are restrictions on the import and export of foreign currency. You must declare all foreign currency in your possession equivalent to more than 10,000 USD.

Foreign currency declarations apply to:

• traveller's cheques
• any other monetary instruments

Import and export of foreign currency – State Revenue Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan experiences severe weather conditions, especially in the winter when temperatures can fall below -30°C and strong winds can result in wind chills that make it feel below -50°C.

If you’re travelling outside of urban areas in the winter:

• keep informed of local and regional weather forecasts
• warm clothing
• a first aid kit
• food and water

Seismic activity

Kazakhstan is located in an active seismic zone. Earthquakes occur regularly, particularly in the Almaty region. Landslides are possible in affected areas, and strong aftershocks may occur after the initial quake. Earthquakes may also trigger avalanches in mountainous areas, especially in the spring.

Avalanches and landslides can make roads impassable, cause power disruptions and disturb other essential services.

If an earthquake occurs:

• avoid the affected areas
• monitor local media to stay informed on the evolving situation
• follow the instructions of local authorities
• Earthquakes - What to Do?
• Latest earthquakes  - U.S. Geological Survey

Wildfires are common throughout the country between July and August, when temperatures can reach +40°C.

The air quality in areas near active fires may deteriorate due to heavy smoke.

In case of a major fire:

• stay away from affected areas, particularly if you suffer from respiratory ailments
• follow the advice of local emergency services personnel
• monitor local media for up-to-date information on the situation

Air pollution

Industrial pollution is severe in Almaty and Astana, particularly from November to March, when residents burn coal to heat homes and two coal-fired thermoelectric plants operate.

Monitor air pollution levels, which change quickly, especially if you suffer from respiratory ailments or have pre-existing medical conditions.

During periods of high pollution:

• limit your activities outdoors
• monitor local media

Local services

In case of emergency, dial:

• firefighters: 101
• police: 102
• ambulance: 103
• emergency assistance: 112

Consular assistance

Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

For emergency consular assistance, call the Embassy of Canada to Kazakhstan, in Astana, and follow the instructions. At any time, you may also contact the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa.

The decision to travel is your choice and you are responsible for your personal safety abroad. We take the safety and security of Canadians abroad very seriously and provide credible and timely information in our Travel Advice to enable you to make well-informed decisions regarding your travel abroad.

The content on this page is provided for information only. While we make every effort to give you correct information, it is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. The Government of Canada does not assume responsibility and will not be liable for any damages in connection to the information provided.

If you need consular assistance while abroad, we will make every effort to help you. However, there may be constraints that will limit the ability of the Government of Canada to provide services.

Learn more about consular services .

Risk Levels

  take normal security precautions.

Take similar precautions to those you would take in Canada.

  Exercise a high degree of caution

There are certain safety and security concerns or the situation could change quickly. Be very cautious at all times, monitor local media and follow the instructions of local authorities.

IMPORTANT: The two levels below are official Government of Canada Travel Advisories and are issued when the safety and security of Canadians travelling or living in the country or region may be at risk.

  Avoid non-essential travel

Your safety and security could be at risk. You should think about your need to travel to this country, territory or region based on family or business requirements, knowledge of or familiarity with the region, and other factors. If you are already there, think about whether you really need to be there. If you do not need to be there, you should think about leaving.

  Avoid all travel

You should not travel to this country, territory or region. Your personal safety and security are at great risk. If you are already there, you should think about leaving if it is safe to do so.