which famous ancient travel routes crossed the gobi desert

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Gobi Desert Silk Road: A Journey Through Time and Trade

Traversing the Silk Road Through the Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert, a vast and enigmatic expanse in southern Mongolia and western China, has been an integral part of the Silk Road, the ancient network of trade routes that connected East to West.

This Gobi Desert Silk Road, with its harsh landscapes and sprawling sands, has seen caravans of camels and traders navigate its territories for thousands of years, making it a crucial segment in the Silk Road routes.

Central Asia’s Gateway on the Gobi desert Silk Road

Central Asia, a region of high mountains and wide, arid plains, served as the heartland of the Silk Road. The Gobi Desert’s position on the western edge of Mongolia and the northern fringe of China made it a natural conduit for traders and Buddhist monks traveling between these regions and further west towards Central Asia.

This area was pivotal in the spread of goods, culture, and religion along the Silk Road, enriching the local culture with influences from across the continent.

Landmarks Along the Silk Road Routes in the Gobi

The mogao caves and buddhist heritage.

Near the edge of the Gobi, the Mogao Caves, or the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas, stand as a testament to the religious and cultural exchange that characterized the Silk Road.

These caves were adorned by Buddhist monks over centuries, featuring intricate murals that depict the life of the Buddha and the diverse traders who passed through.

The Altai Mountains and Livestock Raising

To the north of the Gobi Desert lie the Altai Mountain s, a significant geographical marker for Silk Road traders coming from the west or en route to the Tien Shan range.

This rugged terrain was not just a barrier but a bustling site of livestock raising, essential for supporting the needs of Silk Road caravans.

The Silk Road Today: Legacy and Continuity

While the camel caravans are no longer the primary mode of transportation, the legacy of the Silk Road endures in the Gobi Desert.

Modern-day adventurers and scholars travel to this part of the world to uncover its secrets and envision the historical magnitude of trade routes that once connected China to Italy, carrying silk, wool, jade, precious stones, and even gunpowder.

The local towns, once bustling with traders from distant lands, now welcome tourists, allowing them to experience a blend of Mongolian and Central Asian cultures that have thrived due to centuries of trade along these ancient routes.

Conclusion: The Timeless Gobi Desert on the Silk Road

The Gobi Desert’s role in the history of the Silk Road is indelible. From the caravans that spread across its sands to the rise of great empires that it witnessed, this desert has been a silent witness to millennia of human endeavor. Today, it stands not just as a site of historical discovery but as a breathtaking landscape that continues to inspire and challenge those who visit.

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The Gobi Desert at Dunhuang

• 17 March 2021
• By Christopher Wilton-Steer

On the edge of the Gobi desert in Central China is the town of Dunhuang. The name Dunhuang means “Blazing Beacon” and refers to the beacons lit to warn of attacks by marauding nomadic tribes during ancient times.

During the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties, it was the main stop of communication between China and the rest of the world and a major hub of commerce along the Silk Road.

Dunhuang is most famous for its Mogao Caves or “Caves of a Thousand Buddhas”. Buddhist monks had begun to arrive in China from the West around the first century AD and a sizeable community settled in Dunhuang. In the nearby hills, the monks carved out 735 caves originally for worship and meditation. Over time they became a pilgrimage site. Many are covered with exquisite murals and Buddhist statues. A number of Christian, Jewish, and Manichaean artifacts have also been found in the caves, testimony to the wide variety of people who made their way along the Silk Road. They are quite a sight to behold. Unfortunately, I wasn’t allowed to take photographs but you can see some here . (Historical information above from Wikipedia).

The Gobi desert is known for its enormous sand dunes which rise like mountains. Thousand of years ago caravans of Bactrian camel would have travelled over these carrying goods intended for sale in distant markets to the west. Those days are long gone but the camels have found new employment. Today, they carry tourists on desert tours.

Dunhuang is also home to a crescent-shaped lake oasis called Yueyaquan. In such a dry and hot place, it is easy to see why Dunhuang was for so many years an essential stop for Silk Road traders and their caravans of camel.

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Highlights Along The Silk Road In China, Journey Of A Lifetime

Article By: Kyle McCarthy

Trek the Silk Road in China 4,000 miles from the Kingdom of Xi’an west across the Gobi Desert. Pause at the oases of Dunhuang, Turpan and Kashgar. Ride carefully across the Stans to the courts of India, Persia and Europe. Congratulations! You have traced the historic Chinese Silk Road, one of travel’s most storied journeys.

It is a place where the civilizations of China, India, Greece and Islam met. The Silk Road is where six religions and countless ethnic tribes worked together, learned from each other and prospered.

We went to explore what was, in all regards, the original information superhighway.

Accomplish this journey of a lifetime with Silk Road China Tours , whose carefully crafted itinerary and expert guides brought a fascinating story to life.

Dunhuang, Heart of the Chinese Silk Road

Begin the adventure in China, the country where most of the historic Silk Road oases remain. Travelers are often surprised by the Silk Route’s highlights. The first surprise — one that makes this a bucket list trip — is the staggering level of artistry at religious shrines. Mogao Grottoes’ images of musicians on ancient string instruments, delicate angels, the terror of raging sandstorms is remarkably well preserved.

Today’s real life images are equally surprising. Watch lambs being carried home from age-old market on mopeds. Do a tasting at Asia’s largest wine cellar, outside Jiayuguan. Whiz past miles of greenhouses sprouting from the desert on futuristic highspeed trains.

Today, as it has been for thousands of years, Dunhuang is at the heart of the Silk Road in China. This lively, touristy Western China town has a population of just 200,000. Yet, it attracts two million visitors annually between April and October. Modern Silk Road travelers range from caravans of domestic Chinese on family vacations to trekkers camping in yurts, from privately guided tours for Asian art lovers to wannabe’ adventurers like us.

If you will only get to one town on this route, Dunhuang is it.

Before Christ there was the Silk Road in China

Two centuries before Christ during the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to 220 A.D.), traders coming from India, Persia or parts of Europe aimed for the oasis of Dunhuang. It was, even then, a major trading post and supply center. From here, merchants could obtain visas to continue on the well-trodden Silk Road caravan routes into China. Caravans would have to go around the notorious Taklamakan Desert , whose name means “go in and you won’t come out” in Turki.  Whether traders took the Northern or Southern routes to reach Chang’an (today’s Xi’an) to pick up silk, it was a journey of several months.

Reflecting the Silk Road spirit, for two millennia Dunhuang welcomed all travelers, whether pilgrims spreading a new faith like Buddhism, gold-diggers or alleged explorers such as Marco Polo.

Itinerary of Silk Road in China Highlights Worth Seeing Today

We prepared for our journey along the Silk Route by studying Peter Hopkirk’s “ Foreign Devils on the Silk Road ,” a great read about the European archeologists who pillaged – or rescued depending on your viewpoint — the Silk Road’s most important art and religious works in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Hopkirk’s thorough history, however fictionalized, helpfed frame our itinerary to include at least one overnight in each of the major oases beyond Xi’an: Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang, Urumqi, Turpan and Kashgar.

Silk Road China Tours then supplemented our requests with their own must-see stops. En route, their wonderful guides (Amy, Antony and Abdul) helped us sample all the street food and restaurants we could try; answered our endless questions; made additional stops at our whim, wherever and whenever. Although we’d made our way around eastern China independently on another visit with this first-time to China family itinerary , the imperial treatment we received from our escorted Silk Road adventure made the trip so much better.

The Charms of Dunhuang

From the dramatic intersection of the arid Gobi Desert and the verdant oasis, to the sweeping dunes of golden sand, greater Dunhuang has a stunning landscape. The city itself is like many “modernized” Chinese cities with stark highrises and broad boulevards. Shops range from pharmacies to supermarkets to knockoffs of designer clothes. Dried fruits grown with state-of-the-art irrigation systems are widely sold and delicious.

The bustling Night Market is, however, more inviting to the Western eye than most– and flourishing. Barbecue cafes selling traditional Uighur lamb skewers, naan bread and beer towers vie with souvenir vendors, antiquities dealers and salesmen of rocks sculpted from the colorful dunes nearby.

Maybe it’s best to be wowed by the real thing before you get to the Dunhuang Museum . However, this wonderful local museum in the city of Dunhuang has something found nowhere else. They have a replica Mogao Grotto where you can actually take pictures. Here’s your chance to to study the artwork and take selfies in full light. Look at how the caves were made. Feel the straw and clay elements used for the statuary. The hands-on experience helps visitors appreciate the beauty to come.

As cosmopolitan as Dunhuang is, it’s not easy for foreigners to get around. Considering the requirement that all Chinese nationals study English at school, we were surprised how few people could speak it at all.  So as well traveled as our family is, we were happy to have a guide on hand.

The Stunning Caves at Mogao Grottoes, Highlight of China’s Silk Road

It’s no wonder that Dunhuang’s Mogao Grottoes was an essential stop along the Silk Road. Merchants offered thanks and alms after crossing the forbidding Taklamakan Desert with their wares. Those bringing silk from the capital at Chang’an (present day Xi’an) prayed for safe passage to West Asia and Europe.

Touring the inside of hand-cut caves painted more than one thousand years ago may sound dull, but when your guide turns a flashlight on the brilliant artwork, everyone in your privileged group will gasp.

The artwork at Mogao Grottoes and other Buddhist caves is extraordinarily vivid and sophisticated, with each cave depicting pilgrims in different fashions, jewelry and trendy hairdos befitting their era. Distinct facial features are typical of their ancestors’ homeland. Some were decorated by monks for study and prayer; others funded by patrons who wanted to earn merit during this life.

Many caves, Buddhist paintings and sculptures illustrate the Sutras (teachings of the Buddha) and feature delicate apsaras (angels) and expressive Boddhisatvas (disciples.)  

More than 1,500 manuscripts found in what’s known as the Library Cave , removed by explorer Sir Aurel Stein to the British Library in London more than a century ago, have taught scholars much about the ancient world.

Experiencing the Thousand Buddhas (Mogao) Grottoes

Hundreds of caves were cut into the cliffs lining the Danghe River as it flows from Qilian Mountains glacier. These are called the Thousand Buddhas Grottoes in Chinese. Eventually, they were buried and well preserved by sand. Although many have been lost to time, flooding and vandalism, the 492 decorated shrines which remain comprise the largest collection of Buddhist art in the world. This site is incredibly fragile and the caves are strictly protected. Only 25 caves are open to the public; the selection of six publicly shown by guides changes daily.

The UNESCO World Heritage site of Mogao Grottoes is more than a highlight of the Silk Road. It’s a multiplex featuring exciting stories of war and conquest. Guides point out tales of love, devotion and spiritual faith. Court intrigue is illustrated at banquets full of music, dance and the latest silk fashions.

Studying History Through the Mogao Grottoes Silk Road Images

Begin your orientation to the Grottoes at the elegant Dunhuang Academy Museum . At our visit, the Pritzker Art Collaborative had assisted in the assembly of stunning art and priceless artifacts from the Tubo Kingdom. It was another ancient kingdom that adopted different cultures from the Silk Road.

Stop to watch the two terrific films, one a Hollywood-worthy drama recreating life on the Silk Road and in Dunhuang over the centuries. The other is an entertaining documentary about the art found in the public caves which, seen in closeup, is a great introduction to appreciating the real thing.

In June, 2023, the immersive “Ancient Sound of Dunhuang” show opened in a recreation cave near the actual site. Inspired by the imagery, scripture and carvings from the 735 Mogao caves, a so-called cave No.736 is the venue for an interactive sound, light and music experience packed with high tech tricks. The Shang Yuan Market at this same location offers Dunhuang related products. Let us know what you think.

China Silk Road is Alive at Yilin

Yilin Grottoes is another cave complex like Mogao that’s outside a small village about 90 minutes’ drive away.

Of interest here are caves decorated with more folksy, primitive clay and painted artwork than the ones funded by noble families at Mogao. Imagine this as ancient China’s heartland, not a temple complex frequented by emperors. The small town setting and pretty riverfront location make Yilin a very worthwhile excursion for art lovers.

You go for superb Buddhist and Chinese cave paintings and sculpture. Yet Dunhuang has lots of fun tourism activities to enhance those “Lawrence of Arabia” moments. Spend as much time exploring as you can. Meeting Chinese tourists in the city eager for their children to practice English is fun, too.

Silk Road Oasis, Giant Dunes, Sand Boarding at Echoing Sands

Don’t leave Dunhuang without riding camels at Echoing Sands National Geopark . Picture thousands of visitors on summer days. That’s why there are 1,500 two-humped Bactrian camels licensed to transport visitors up the towering sand dunes.

From almost any angle, the remarkable vista of camel caravans evokes the historic Silk Road. It’s worth the hour wait’s because being part of that human chain – even for 45 minutes — is thrilling. It’s surprisingly comfortable and children 6 and older can ride in front of parents.

After the minimal entry fee, purchase attractions such as flying in a tethered hot air balloon , renting ATVs to go dune bashing, wearing period costumes or sand boarding . Other sections of the park are earmarked for hiking up yourself and sliding down on small saucers. Listen closely. You’ll hear the sand squeaking in harmony as several people slide down. This sound phenomenon gave Echoing Sands park its name.

Traders first came upon the miraculous natural spring that forms the quarter moon-shaped Crescent Spring Lake on their way to the Dunhuang oasis. You’ll find this small picturesque lake near the entrance to Echoing Sands. While it’s always framed by a pristine dune and a pagoda on the shore, in order to capture that Instagram-famous reflection in the water, it’s best seen lit by the sunrise, sunset or on a full moon after the crowds have departed.

Xi’an was China’s Silk Capital

Have you fallen in love with the Silk Road? Most itineraries start from the East, in the trade center of Xi’an . This fascinating city is best known for the Tomb of Emperor Qin Shihuangdi (221-206 B.C.) More than 8,000 unique terracotta warriors are buried with him.  

During the time of the Han Emperor Wudi, emissaries were sent from the capital (known then as Chang’an) to explore India and begin trading. Chang’an/Xi’an was the source of prized silk – thus the “Silk Road” — and the arrival of crops like alfalfa, pomegranates, grapes and even horses from India and Europe was immediately transformative. In fact, China’s wine industry, seemingly recent to us, dates to this era.

Several sights in Xi’an such as the Big and Little Goose Pagodas , Ming walls and Drum and Bell Tower attest to the city’s grandeur.

The infusion of cultures that arrived with Silk Road traders is most easily seen at the comprehensive Shaanxi Provincial Museum . Sophisticated galleries highlight local arts and culture over millennia. Follow the display to see how new influences from afar sparked changes in architecture and religion. Silk Route trade goods impacted what the Chinese were using in their everyday lives. Creativity exploded when more formal Greek, Persian and Roman styles were overlaid onto flowing Indian patterns and traditional Chinese scenes.

It’s time to begin your Silk Road journey.

Jiayuguan and The Great Wall Along The China Silk Road

The Silk Road’s commercial, cultural and strategic role was very important to China. That’s why successive emperors ordered the UN ESCO-designated Great Wall extended westward from Xi’an to protect it. Wealth was everywhere along the route between the 2nd and 17th centuries A.D.

Jiayuguan Pass is the famous westernmost end of the Great Wall. This structure alone brings many visitors to this bustling small city of the same name, a plane flight west from Xi’an.

Pass several beacons (soldiers’ watchtowers) along the region’s highways until the remarkably intact fortress of Jiayuguan Pass . Don’t miss the chance to rub its superb Ming Dynasty-era stonework, ca. 1372. Climb the battlements and study the sophisticated defenses. A huge amount of human capital built it in the harsh Gobi Desert. Kids love this place. If you and your family are tired of climbing old stones, a helicopter stands by for flightseeing tours.

A lesser known highlight in this desert are the Wei-Jin Tombs , a collection of brick underground tombs built during the Wei and Jin dynasties. Scholars believe there are up to 1,400 tombs under these barren fields outside Jiayuguan, although only a few are open to visitors. Imagine walking down a perfectly spaced brick staircase more than 1,800 years old into a series of vaulted chambers. There’s a bit of a weird echo.

Look closely at the sculpted stucco trim and brightly painted tiles depicting flowers, animals and vivid images of daily life. The Wei Jin picture book isn’t high religious art. Explain to kids that it’s about life in ancient China and is very accessible to all ages.

Zhangye’s Dafo Is The Giant Buddha on the Silk Road in China

Zhangye is a much smaller, quieter Silk Road oasis with a laidback vibe on display at the city’s Dafo or Great Buddha Temple . This somber, carved wood temple houses a famous reclining Buddha. In the darkened temple, you can just make out that Buddha’s meditative eyes are shaded by half-lowered lids. A hushed grace fills the room.

Then you realize he’s positively huge! Buddha is lying on his side, at 113 feet in length with 24-feet-wide shoulders, and it is said that eight people can stand on his ear. Another legend says Kublai Khan, the emperor whose grandfather Genghis Khan established the vast Mongolian empire, was born in the temple.

Dafo has been a holy place since 1098 and the cache of Buddhist sutras, or scriptures, found hidden in the sculpture’s belly is said to be one of the most important finds of antiquity.

Mati Si Caves and Trending Treasure: Rainbow Mountain

Not to minimize the impact of Mati Si Grottoes , where nearly 18 miles of sheer rock hillside are freckled by clusters of painted wooden shrines clinging like spider webs. They hide caves, some dating back 1,600 years, full of Tibetan Buddhist art. You’ll have to climb up to seven stories of sandstone ladders – that’s rigorous — and cross rickety wood walkways to see for yourself.

The oldest original Buddhist wall paintings and statues are on the highest level . These were influenced by the local Tibetan and Uighur tribes, here called the Yugu, can be seen. Mati Si, or Horse Hoof Monastery , was inspired by the tale of a flying horse whose hoofprint is embedded in stone.

Zhangye’s other famous attraction is Danxia Landform , popularly known as Rainbow Mountain , an Insta-worthy ecopark made up of beautiful hills composed of red, white, pink and gold sand that swirls through every vista. The crowds are unreal.

Sunset is the best time to visit; board a guided tour bus to four stations, stick to the protective boardwalks and shoot away. s

Highspeed Trains, Amazing Part Of The New China

The road west from Dunhuang west is so harrowing that locals call it Massage Highway . Spend three kidney-rattling hours crossing the Taklamakan single file between freight-laden trucks. Better than camels? Not sure. We reached the highspeed train station at tiny Liuyuan Nan intact.

The recently built western China highspeed train system is known as the New Eurasian Land Bridge. It rivals the Japanese shinkansen and is so much more efficient than a camel caravan. Every train you take requires an airport-level security routine. Show passport and train tickets to police at the entry. Be checked against the countrywide facial recognition security database. Put luggage through the scanners, wait until the track is posted, line up to have your tickets scanned again…

Three hours later we were in Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang UAR.

Nights in Urumqi on China’s Modern Silk Road

The province’s traditional ethnic makeup has been deliberately upended through immigration from the eastern cities. Now, 70% of the local population, once Uighur and Muslim, is Han Chinese of varying faiths. Urumqi is a colorless new style Chinese city. Sadly, private homes have been leveled to make way for hundreds of high-rises which locals may prefer. Despite its lack of charm, a snow-capped peak in the distance calls out.

The next day we make an excursion there, to Tian Shan or Heavenly Mountain , the region’s primary water source. Thousands of Chinese are there to admire Heavenly Lake , join a guided cruise, ride e-bikes along the shore (having a WeChat or Alipay app is essential for most purchases) and take selfies in traditional Kazakh costumes.

We see right away they look little like the blond, blue-eyed Kazakh tribes who graze sheep and goats here.

The Four Firsts of Turpan

We have less than 50 minutes to look out the highspeed train window and understand how Silk Road traders passed 21 grueling days trekking between the oases of Urumqi and Turpan.

Turpan is known for Four Firsts : as China’s hottest city, driest city, lowest city (507 feet below sea level) and… drumroll please… China’s sweetest city, for its massive table grapes known as Mare’s Nipples and its robust wine industry. It is all true.

Turpan exudes a weirdly authentic charm. Just stroll the heavily guarded, funky Night Market sheltering a few Uighur food stands. Or try the Chinese massage parlor in our hotel (yes, a Chinese massage is another highlight of a Silk Road tour.) Stay a few nights and enjoy it.

Touring Jiao He, Silk Route’s Ancient Yarkhoto

We toured Jiaohe City , the ancient Yarkhoto , in the 115-degree morning heat and were as startled by its sophistication and beauty as the many who had passed through this famous ancient kingdom along the Silk Road.

Built on a tall island hilltop surrounded by flowing rivers with very steep banks, Yarkhoto was the naturally fortified capital of the prosperous Jushi Kingdom from 108 B.C. to 450 A.D. Contrary to expectation, Yarkhoto’s residents expanded over the centuries by digging down into their islet, making the worn sandstone paths we walked the oldest real estate there. To explore the intact two- and three-story buildings, we had to descend a hand cut stone staircase to see an ancient town hall open out before us.

Xinjiang Boasts China’s Silk Road Sights

Turpan is home to another engineering marvel, covered irrigation tunnels. Karez is the name of a remarkable system of underground water tunnels dug to transport water from Heavenly Mountain to the fields.

Another natural geopark that probably shouldn’t be toured in the summer high season was the burning sand of Flaming Mountain . Like the multi-hued reds and golds of Rainbow Mountain, the rolling hills were dazzling and blinding in the harsh sunlight.

Nearby, however, were the ruins of Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves .  Another magnificent monastery cut into a cliff was pillaged by German archeologists around the turn of the 20th century. What a wakeup call to see cave after cave ravaged by Western scholars. In their zeal to fill museums, they left behind destroyed sculptures, scarred murals and faceless Buddhas .

While the culturati toured these almost forgotten caves, the boys took off on ATVs to do some dune bashing, claiming their dusty excursion another highlight of the trip.

Kashgar, Thriving Then

Our Silk Road journey ended in Kashgar , the oasis so far west in China that it is closer to Istanbul than to Beijing. The Muslim festival of Eid-al-Adha celebrated by the local Uighur people had begun.

There were unconfirmed reports in the news (since confirmed) about the harsh government efforts to silence Muslim “rebels.” No one would discuss it.

We wanted to see the legendary Kashgar Sunday animal market . For centuries, silk traders bartered weary camels for fresh ones and purchased sheep and goats to walk with them. Save for a few Halal butchers and an elderly man carrying a bleating sheep home on his moped, it was empty.

We went to the central market where the region’s famous Hami melons lay in piles; unsold, uneaten. The Id Kah Mosque in the city center is one of the oldest in China. On one of the holiest days in the calendar, no one appeared. We learned the central government’s policy of forced cultural assimilation had terrified Kashgar’s residents. Violence decimated the ranks of the religious and devastated the local culture.

Kashgar, Now Forgotten

Kashgar was the filming location for “Kite Runner.” That look is gone today. We strolled the old city , a maze of mud-brick houses which the Chinese government began rebuilding in 2009. They’ve restored some facades and widened ancient lanes. We were told the government added reinforced concrete, indoor plumbing and electricity for the original Uighur residents who’ve returned.

Efforts are made to maintain it as a tourist attraction. Traditional dances and music are staged a few times a day by costumed Uighur for the many Han Chinese who visit. It made us very uncomfortable.

The most evocative Silk Road sight was the original British Consulate . Many books describe it as the home of Consul-General George Macartney who warmly welcomed explorers from every Silk Road expedition between 1890-1918. The boarded-up Victorian consulate now sleeps quietly on a back lane behind the Luxemon Qinibagh Hotel . Out front, a dusty elm tree bears a plaque dated 1888.

China Silk Road Spirit is so Relevant Today

Our August visit coincided with a global conference. The theme was “Dunhuang:  Representing an Inclusive, Cooperative and Mutually Beneficial Cultural Development in the World.” Several academic and government leaders asked, “Have we forgotten the value of intercultural communication, open commerce and sharing of ideas that were crucial to the Silk Road’s success over thousands of years?”

Basically, they summed up what our family experienced as travelers along this length of the Chinese Silk Road.

Gao Anming, VP of the China International Publishing Corp. spoke about the Silk Road’s historic role. He called it a major civilizing force in the ancient world. He referred to this mutually beneficial cooperation as the “Silk Road Spirit.”

Dr. Elizabeth Woo Li of the Sinological Development Charitable Foundation (SDCF) spoke. SDCF supports foreign scholars in learning firsthand about Chinese cultures and philosophy. She called Dunhuang an extraordinary and sacred site that thrived on harmonious coexistence.

Today’s Silk Road travelers can still feel the harmony. Indian traders, Muslim merchants, Buddhist pilgrims, Mongol raiders, Persian artists and Greek and Roman soldiers united in efforts to seek their fortunes in the easternmost regions of their world.

That Silk Road Spirit makes it a compelling journey still.

Dear Reader: This page may contain affiliate links which may earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. Our independent journalism is not influenced by any advertiser or commercial initiative unless it is clearly marked as sponsored content. As travel products change, please be sure to reconfirm all details and stay up to date with current events to ensure a safe and successful trip.

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Mountains and deserts without end: journeys along the ancient silk road.

The Silk Road which thrived from the first century BC through the 14 th century, was one of mankind’s greatest land routes, connecting China in the east with Rome in the west via the vast steppes and highlands of Central Asia and the Middle East. Spanning a distance of more than 6,000 km, the Silk Road was more than a trade route. Besides previous silk fabrics, the many branches of the Silk Road was a conduit for the exchange of ideas, art, philosophy and religion, from Buddhism to Zoroastrianism, Islam to Judaism and Christianity. The huge diversity of cultures it traversed is still evident today in once important gateway towns and cities that dot various branches of the road, places like Dunhuang, Yarkland, Kashgar, Samarkanland, Bukarra, Yazd, Ishafan, Merv, Ctesiphon, Aleppo, and Tyre to name only a few. They served as rest points, marketplaces, and shipping ports and in their heydays, were abuzzed with people from from many lands

.This photojournal celebrates the exhilarating melting pot of people, cultures and history that is the Silk Road. The journey takes us from where it all started in Xian, western China. From there, the route winds its way through the vast Gobi desert into Xinjiang in the eastern frontier of China, then to Afghanistan in the south, and Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, regions in the heart of Central Asia. From there, it’s onward into the Middle East: Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, ending in the important ancient Mediterranean port city of Tyre in south Lebanon and the western end of the Silk Road. From Tyre and elsewhere north, exotic goods would flow to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), itself a major bridge between East and West.

The Silk Road: A Photo Journal

East to Xinjiang and Beyond

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A travel guide to the Gobi desert and Orkhon valley

• January 31, 2024

Mongolia is not only known for its green and lush valleys with endless skies, but also for its vast steppe and desert:  the Gobi desert . Majestic sand dunes, cold canyons, dinosaur fossil sites and traditional nomadic lifestyle are only a few things this region has to offer. It was one of the places we were looking forward to and it didn’t disappoint us! But it was also one of the most challenging countries to plan an itinerary as you don’t find much information. So this guide is here to help you out and discover this beautiful country by yourself!

Table of Contents

Map and itinerary.

The tour company

It’s possible, but traveling the Gobi desert independently is rather difficult. For example: hiring your own vehicle is more expensive than hiring a vehicle with its respectful owner and driver at the same time. So what did we do? We went to some local hostels and asked if they could arrange a tour for us with driver and guide included. We went for  Golden Gobi guesthouse and tours . Our tour company consisted out of seven people. May I introduce to you:

Our driver and mechanic: Ugi

Our guide and cook: Nessa  (also called Loch Nessa after an argument between Matthias and her about the itinerary that was not part of the deal). If we didn’t stand our ground, we wouldn’t have had a 2-day horse trek nor see the most beautiful site we visited: 8 lakes. Apart from that, only love for this woman!

Travel tip: as a Dutch saying goes: good agreements make good friends. Ask explicitly what’s included in the tour and let the itinerary be written down. This prevents you from making a call to the manager during your trip.

Our travel mates:  Simon (UK), Claudia (DE), Christopher (FR)

We have to say that those 11 days were very intense. After all you share the same space for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with people you barely know, let it be sitting in a vehicle or sleeping in a ger. We were very lucky with our group and are happy that we met these wonderful and warm people. Thanks guys for making this tour an unforgettable experience!

Traveling and especially transport in the Gobi is a challenge. 90% of our “car hours” were spend on unpaved roads, as in driving through meadows and following wheel tracks of the jeeps that rode here before. Luckily the Russian Toyota 4X4 jeeps that are used for Gobi tours are reliable like tanks as we rallied at 100 km/h over bumpy fields of grass (true story) and hoovercrafted through half a meter deep river crossings. A fun playground for roller coaster enthusiasts, but not for the faint hearted!

Staying with nomadic families and sleeping in a ger was a highlight itself. Don’t expect a 1000 dollar spring box bed as you basically sleep on a wooden plank. But there’s definitely something cozy about laying in a beautiful decorated tent while listening to the crackling sound of a pile of burning logs in the middle. Not to mention the fierce wildlife you can spot, for instance a beetle crawling through Mieke’s hair. Sleeping in a ger was nice, but nothing could compare to camping in a tent surrounded by yellowish grass with blue skies in the morning and milky way sightings at night.

Food and drinks

If you’re not very fond of meat than don’t hesitate to order vegetarian. Mieke asked for vegetarian dishes and didn’t regret it. We ate two times a day a warm meal and most of the time it was almost exactly the same dish you get for lunch and dinner. Mongolian cuisine isn’t very diverse, for those who are interested in what we exactly ate, we have spend a separate post about it as it’s rather unique in this world:  Mongolian food: What to expect from it?

Views and activities

It’s strange how you get used to see huge herds of sheep, grazing camels or wild horses casually crossing the street. In fact all the hours that we spend in the jeep watching the scenery was an experience on its own. But as an attempt to delineate what we saw, here are some of the highlights of our trip:

• Tsagaan Suvarga (White Stupas):  thousand years of wind blowing has eroded and created these amazing rock formations. The different colors of the rocks represent different times. The site measures about 400 meters in length with the highest peak at about 50 meters.
• Yol valley:  also called valley of the vulture as they circle above your head while walking through the gorge. We didn’t see the glacier, but normally the gorge is covered by a thick layer of ice from winter until September.
• Khongoryn Els:  famous for its sand dunes. We rode on a camel and climbed to the top of the highest sand dune (3 steps up, 2 steps down). Probably the most memorable view of the trip.
• Bayanzag (Flaming cliffs):  red rock formations where a lot of dinosaur bones and eggs were found. Rumor has it that there are still many fossils underneath the soil.
• Orkhon region and Naiman nuur (8 lakes):  centered in the heart of Mongolia this was the region we liked the most. Hiking is splendid, the grass green and the lakes crystal clear. We did a 2 day horse trek to the 8 lakes, the best thing we did so far on our trip.

We paid 570 dollars per person for 11 days (everything included, except for extra snacks and drinks along the way). Although it was a huge part of our  budget spend in Mongolia  (>30%) we discovered that it was a good deal when we compared it with other travelers.

Travel tip: As a rule of thumb it’s always a better idea to book your tours locally when you arrive in the country or city. In Belgium we researched how much it would have cost if we booked a tour beforehand. We always ended up paying twice as much for the same itinerary as we did now. So chillax at home, spend a day visiting hostels when you arrive and save a decent amount of money to fund your next trip.

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A Breathtaking 5-Day Mongolia Itinerary (Gobi Desert)

• February 6, 2024

Are you ready to embark on an unforgettable journey to  Mongolia ? 

Mother Mongolia. A land where the vast horizons stretch endlessly and the sky meets the earth in a seamless embrace. The land of the Nomads offers an unparalleled adventure for those seeking to explore the untamed beauty of the natural world. 

And it can’t be a Mongolian adventure without mentioning the Gobi, the majestic desert that promises to captivate the soul of every traveler. (Though the  Orkhon Valley  certainly doesn’t disappoint as well!)

Far from being a barren wasteland, the Gobi is a place of stunning diversity, home to rare wildlife, ancient fossils, and breathtaking natural formations.  It is a land of contrasts, where the silence of the desert is broken by the sounds of life and where every sand dune tells a story of the past.

This 5-day itinerary through the Gobi Desert is designed to immerse you in the beauty of Mongolia’s most iconic landscapes. From the awe-inspiring cliffs of  Tsagaan Suvarga  to the serene beauty of  Yolyn Am , each destination offers a unique glimpse into the grandeur of Mongolian wilderness.

Curious to know more? Read on!

Table of Contents

What to Know About the Gobi Desert

Gobi Desert, one of the world’s largest deserts spanning southern Mongolia and parts of northern China, offers an adventure into a landscape of remarkable natural diversity and stark beauty. 

The Gobi has served as a crossroads for ancient civilizations, with the legendary Silk Road weaving through its heart, connecting the East and West.

With searing hot summers and bitterly cold winters, alongside rapid temperature shifts within a single day, the Gobi demands preparation and respect from those who traverse its rugged terrain.

This desert, far from being a barren wasteland, teems with life, including rare species such as the Gobi bear, snow leopards, and wild Bactrian camels, all adapted to the arid conditions that define their home.

5-Day Gobi Desert Itinerary

This is the tour that I ended up doing with 5 other people who all ended up becoming my really good friends. Each location has an article dedicated to it as well if you want to have an even more in-depth read on the significance and our experiences there.

Initially, it was supposed to be a 6-day tour including Bayanzag (the Flaming Cliffs) but my airline cancelled the flight and moved me a day earlier. 

Luckily, Bobbi, the one who arranged the tour from  UB Guesthouse , was quick to adapt and change the schedule accordingly.

So here’s what a 5-day Gobi Desert itinerary will look like:

Day 1 - Tsagaan Suvarga

Day 1 introduces you to the awe-inspiring  Tsagaan Suvarga , known as the White Stupa . This natural monument, located in the Dundgovi province, is a breathtaking introduction to the desert’s myriad wonders. 

Tsagaan Suvarga, with its towering cliffs that rise dramatically from the desert floor, presents a palette of colors that seem to tell the story of the Earth’s ancient past. Over millennia, wind and water erosion have sculpted these sedimentary formations into a stunning landscape, reminiscent of a vast, natural amphitheater.

The name Tsagaan Suvarga is derived from the appearance of its white limestone cliffs, which, from a distance, resemble traditional  Buddhist  stupas. 

Day 2 - Khongoryn Els

Day 2 of your adventure takes you to the magnificent  Khongoryn Els , also known as the Singing Sands . 

This extraordinary stretch of sand dunes, located in the southern part of the Gobi Desert, is one of Mongolia’s most iconic and breathtaking natural wonders. The dunes extend for an impressive length, reaching heights of up to 300 m (985 ft), making them a towering presence in the desert landscape.

The name “Singing Sands” comes from the haunting sound produced when the sand moves – a natural phenomenon that occurs during windy conditions. This sound, akin to the distant drone of an airplane, adds a layer of mystique to the already captivating scenery.

For those interested in the local nomadic culture, camel rides at the base of the dunes offer a unique way to experience the landscape. These gentle animals, perfectly adapted to the desert environment, provide a serene and authentic mode of exploration. 

The area around Khongoryn Els is also home to nomadic families who live in traditional gers (yurts), offering insights into their way of life and the opportunity to experience  Mongolian culture  and hospitality.

Day 3 - Yolym Am

On Day 3, your journey through the Gobi Desert leads you to the mystical  Yolyn Am , also known as the Valley of the Vultures or Valley of the Eagles . Though sometimes Ice Valley works just as well and you’ll see why.

Nestled within the rugged terrain of the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, this deep and narrow gorge is renowned for its stunning natural beauty and the rare phenomenon of ice that persists within its shadows, even through the warmer months.

The valley’s high rock walls, formed by ancient volcanic activity, encase a narrow gorge that winds through the mountain. This unique geographical formation creates a microclimate within the valley that is markedly cooler than the surrounding desert, allowing a thick layer of ice to form during the winter.

Historically, this ice remained year-round, but in recent years, it tends to melt away by late summer, making early visits particularly special to witness this natural ice sculpture.

Day 4 - Baga Gazriin Chuluu

Day 4, your journey takes you to  Baga Gazriin Chuluu , a remarkable granite rock formation that rises from the plains of the Dundgovi province. 

Unlike the vast sand dunes and deep icy gorges encountered in previous days, Baga Gazriin Chuluu offers a starkly different landscape, showcasing the geological diversity of the Gobi Desert. This area, adorned with towering granite rocks and boulders, creates a labyrinth of natural beauty waiting to be explored.

Baga Gazriin Chuluu, often translated as “ The Stone of the Little Place ,” is a site steeped in history and spirituality . The formations, some reaching heights of over 15 m (50 ft), are not only a natural wonder but also a canvas of Mongolia’s past. 

You can find ancient inscriptions, petroglyphs, and remnants of  old Buddhist  monasteries nestled among the rocks.

The landscape around Baga Gazriin Chuluu is dotted with sacred caves, wells, and burial sites, each contributing to the area’s mystical aura. Among these, the cave where the famous 19th-century Mongolian monk Danzanravjaa chose to meditate is a highlight.

Day 5 - Ulaanbaatar

On Day 5, your adventure culminates as you make your way back to Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s vibrant capital. After days of exploring the desert’s vast landscapes and natural wonders, returning to the city offers a contrasting experience that is equally enriching. 

Still, the ol’ UB is nothing to sleep on. The City of Nomads still has tons to offer and if you have a few days to spend, I highly recommend reading my travel guide on  Ulaanbaatar .

Ulaanbaatar seamlessly blends the old and the new, where traditional ger districts coexist with modern skyscrapers, and old Soviet buildings sit alongside serene Buddhist temples.

Returning to Ulaanbaatar after venturing through the Gobi Desert brings your Mongolian adventure full circle, providing a deeper understanding and appreciation of this remarkable country and its people.

Where to Book the Tour

If you still haven’t booked a tour, I recommend either staying with  UB Guesthouse  in  Ulaanbaatar  or just contacting them for the rates, you’ll be surprised at how affordable they are.

Fortunately, we were 6 people on our 5-day Gobi Desert tour so we were able to just get it for 60 USD per day, totaling to only 300 USD including food, transportation and accomodation!

Here’s the breakdown I got from Bobbi, the owner of UB Guesthouse,  for the Gobi Desert Tour :

Gobi Desert Tour Cost :

• 160 USD per day for 1 person
• 100 USD per day each for 2 people
• 80 USD per day each for 3 people
• 70 USD per day each for 4 people
• 60 USD per day each for 5 people and more

Best Time to Visit the Gobi Desert

The ideal time to venture into the Gobi Desert spans from late spring through the early summer months, specifically from May to July . 

During this window daytime temperatures that go between 10°C (50°F) in the cooler moments of May up to 30°C (86°F) as July approaches. 

This season not only promises comfortable exploration but also brings the desert to life, with its flora blooming and fauna stirring.

What to Expect While Traveling in the Gobi Desert

The desert’s remote and rugged nature means that you should adjust your expectations and prepare for the unique challenges and conditions of desert exploration. Here’s what to expect while journeying through the Gobi:

The vastness of the Gobi Desert means that traveling between destinations often involves long hours on the road, typically 5 – 7 hours each day . The journey traverses diverse terrains, from sandy dunes to rocky outcrops, often on unpaved roads that can be bumpy. Bring some motion sickness medicine if you need it. But don’t worry because…

Despite the challenges, the Gobi Desert rewards you with its breathtaking landscapes, from vast sand dunes to rugged mountains. The region is also home to unique wildlife. We saw tons of horses, camels, gazelles, amongst dozens of other animal species . You’ll never get bored of just starting outside the window throughout the journey.

In the more remote parts of the Gobi, facilities can be extremely basic. Traditional nomad toilets, essentially holes in the ground located within small enclosures for privacy, are common. Showers might be nonexistent , we only ever had one chance to shower and it was a cold one at that. You can do make-shift showers using waterbottles as long as you have shampoo. That’s what we did some nights.

Meeting with nomadic families and experiencing their way of life is a highlight. Make sure you have some small handgifts to give as it goes a long way in showing your appreciation for their hospitality.

What to Pack for the Gobi Desert

Preparing for a journey through the Gobi Desert requires thoughtful packing to ensure you’re equipped for its unique environment and the range of conditions you may encounter. The desert’s climate can vary dramatically, from hot days to chilly nights, sometimes you can experience the four seasons in one day! Therefore it’s wise to consider bringing the following:

Layered Clothing : Pack lightweight, breathable clothing for the day and warmer layers for the evening when temperatures can drop significantly. Include a windproof jacket and a warm hat for cooler nights and early mornings.

Sun Protection : The sun can be intense in the desert. Bring a wide-brimmed hat, high SPF sunscreen, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun’s rays.

Travel Insurance : As unpredictable an adventure in Mongolia can be, it’s best to also make sure you have  travel insurance  before heading out into the wilderness.

Hydration : Buy enough water from UB’s supermarket before heading out. Ideally, one 2L bottle a day is what was recommended to us.

First Aid Kit : Pack a comprehensive first aid kit including items for blisters, minor cuts, and dehydration. The motion sickness medicine were a life-saver for me. Just know that there won’t be any pharmacies out there.

Flashlight : Essential for navigating your campsite after dark as there are no light sources in the wilderness aside from the stars and the moon.

Hygiene Items : Include biodegradable soap, wet wipes (there won’t be much opportunities to shower), and hand sanitizer. Bring plenty of tissues as well for the natural “toilets.”

Scarf : A lightweight scarf is versatile, offering protection from the sun, wind, and sand. Sometimes there can be the occasional dust/sand storms and this will help save your face.

Power Adapter : Mongolia uses the C and E power socket types. Most ger camps would have electricity to charge your phones/cameras.

Moisturizer and Lip Balm : The desert air can be extremely dry, so pack a good moisturizer and lip balm with SPF to prevent your skin and lips from becoming chapped. I know I needed this even while I was still in Ulaanbaatar.

Plan Your Trip to Mongolia | Best Travel Resources

Book Your Accommodations

• Booking.com  – the world’s leading online booking platform for accomodations around the world, they have an extensive amount of available listings with zero booking fees and best price guarantees.
• Hostelworld  – a backpacker’s best friend, Hostelworld has the largest collection of hostels and guesthouses for affordable prices.

Don’t Forget Insurance

• SafetyWing  – from Nomad Insurance, an insurance by nomads for nomads. They understand our lifestyle well and have really comprehensive and flexible plans that cater to any traveler.

Find Cheap Flights

• Kiwi.com  – my go-to for booking and finding the cheapest flights and it’s helped me save tons of money. They do virtual interlining which is connecting flights from airlines that do not codeshare, so you can find routes that you wouldn’t be able to find normally. 

Join Tours & Activities

• GetYourGuide  – is one of the best places to find unique tours and activities. I found that it’s an excellent way to meet fellow travelers and create fond memories. They are not only limited to tours as they also offer niche services such as skip-the-line tickets or private transfers.

Catch a Ride

• Rentalcars.com  – nothing beats the freedom of the road, Rentalcars.com is the world’s largest online car rental service. They operate across 160 countries so they’re the perfect partner to work with if you find yourself wanting a ride.

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The Complete Pilgrim - Religious Travel Sites

Howard Kramer's, The Complete Pilgrim, Religious Travel Site

GOBI DESERT

July 30, 2016 By Howard Kramer Leave a Comment

Mongolia/China

The Gobi Desert marks the ancient frontier between China and Central Asia.  For thousands of years it was part of the great Silk Road, where huge camel caravans hauled exotic goods from the Orient to the Middle East and beyond.  Because of this the Gobi has always loomed large in the imaginations of westerners, as well as looming large in the culture and history of ancient China.  Today it is becoming a popular destination for exotic desert treks.  Part of the desert is protected in the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.

As the great deserts of the world go, the Gobi has always been a relatively active place.  Humans have lived in the area almost as far back as their arrival in Central Asia.  Located between the great impassable heights of the Himalayas to the south and the frozen plains of Siberia to the north, the Gobi has always made a natural highway between east and west.  It thus became and indispensable part of the silk route.  Today the desert is currently expanding, something the Chinese government is trying to containg.

The Gobi Desert is an expansive area that spraws over much of central and northwestern China.  There are many zones, ranging from grass steppes to deep desert areas.  Desertification is primarily caused and maintained by the Himalayas which generally prevent moisture from reaching the region.  The Gobi supports a thriving desert ecosystem, and is famous for the huge, double-humped Bactrian camels which make commerce in the region possible.

The Gobi Desert, once the province of merchants and hermits, is growing in popularity with adventure travelers.  Visitors brave the ancient wilderness on foot and on camelback, tracing the ancient trade route stops.  Many visitors to the Gobi do so at the Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.  Web: N/A.

About Howard Kramer

Howard Kramer is the creator and author of The Complete Pilgrim. He first took an interest in religious sites in his early twenties when traveling through Italy after college. In the two decades since he has traveled to more than two dozen countries and almost every state, visiting and photographing hundreds of the world’s greatest churches, synagogues and other places of religious interest. Howard has been writing about religious sites for the better part of the last decade, and The Complete Pilgrim is a culmination of years of his work and passion.

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About the Author

• Lesson Plans
• Teacher's Guides
• Media Resources

Lesson 4: On the Road with Marco Polo: Crossing the Deserts of China

"Embarking for Home," from Marco Polo: His Travels and Adventures , published in 1880. 

Wikimedia Commons

In the 13th century, a young Venetian named Marco Polo set out with his father and uncle on a great adventure. Following a series of trade routes, they traveled across the vast continent of Asia and became the first Europeans to visit the Chinese capital (modern Beijing). Marco so impressed the reigning emperor of China, Kublai Khan, that he was appointed to the imperial court. For the next 17 years, Marco was sent on missions to many parts of Kublai's sprawling empire. The Polos finally returned to Venice via the sea route. Marco later wrote a book about his experiences, which inspired new generations of explorers to travel to the exotic lands of the East.

Guiding Questions

Why did Marco Polo travel particular routes through the deserts of China?

How did the natural environment impact the routes used by Marco Polo?

How did Marco Polo transport goods through the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts?

Learning Objectives

Analyze the relationship between the topography of China and trade routes used by Marco Polo. 

Evaluate the technological and cultural changes that emerged from Marco Polo's travels. 

Lesson Plan Details

NCSS.D2.His.1.6-8. Analyze connections among events and developments in broader historical contexts.

NCSS.D2.His.2.6-8. Classify series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity.

NCSS.D2.His.3.6-8. Use questions generated about individuals and groups to analyze why they, and the developments they shaped, are seen as historically significant.

NCSS.D2.His.4.6-8. Analyze multiple factors that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras.

NCSS.D2.His.5.6-8. Explain how and why perspectives of people have changed over time.

NCSS.D2.His.14.6-8. Explain multiple causes and effects of events and developments in the past.

NCSS.D2.His.15.6-8. Evaluate the relative influence of various causes of events and developments in the past. 

NCSS.D2.His.16.6-8. Organize applicable evidence into a coherent argument about the past.

Activity 1. Crossing the Deserts of China

After resting up and replenishing their supplies in the trading city of Kashgar, Marco Polo and his father and uncle continued eastward on their journey from Venice to China. They had some difficult times ahead.

• Access Topography of Eastern Asia available through Asia Source. Have the students find Kashgar. Ask what lies between Kashgar and Beijing? (Two vast deserts—the Taklimakan and the Gobi—both bounded by mountain ranges.)
• Go to Largest Deserts of the World available through EDSITEment-reviewed resource Internet Public Library. Find the Gobi and Taklimakan (also written Takla Makan). Have the students locate these deserts (and perhaps some of the others listed) on the classroom map of the world.

The Taklimakan is Asia's driest desert, a vast expanse of pebbles and sifting sands nestled between two mountain ranges. The Polos chose a route that skirted the southern edge of the desert, trudging through the arid landscape from one oasis to the next. Each oasis was a welcome haven, offering fresh water, food supplies, and pack animals. Some of these stopping places were famous for fresh fruits, such as melons and grapes—a great treat for the weary travelers whose diets consisted mostly of hard bread, cheese, salted meat, and water. Today, a few of the ancient oases offer welcome relief to hot and thirsty tourists.

• Access Taklimakan available through Internet Public Library. Think about the difficulties of crossing such a desert. No wonder merchants chose to skirt this vast wasteland, choosing between routes going to the north and to the south of it.
• Now access Where the Gobi meets the Taklimakan available through EDSITEment-reviewed resource Asia Source. A modern photograph shows that the Taklimakan is still a desolate place.
• Go to Photographs of Silk Road Photo Gallery available through EDSITEment-reviewed resource Asia Source. Click on the images of the terrain and inhabitants of the Taklimakan region to enlarge them.

Guiding Questions for Discussion:

• How would you describe the geography of the Taklimakan?
• What was (and is) the best way to travel from one end of the desert to the other?
• How do some of the local inhabitants make a living?

At the eastern edge of the Taklimakan lay the city of Dunhuang, long famous for its Buddhist temples, statues, and paintings.

Learn about the ancient city of Dunhuang by accessing the following links.

• Silk Road available through Asia Source. On the left margin scroll down to maps, then trade routes, then China 3. With a cursor, follow the route from Kashgar to Dunhuang. Find the major mountain ranges on this map (the Pamirs, Hindu Kush, Tien Shan, Karakoram, and the Himalayas).
• Where is Dunhuang?
• What type of art and architecture can be seen there?
• What factors led to Dunhuang becoming an important center of religious art?

Most people associate desert crossings with camels, and rightly so. The merchants who transported goods across the Taklimakan and the Gobi would have been in a bad way without their sturdy, resilient camels—the “ships of the desert.”

Access the following sites about camels and study the texts and images:

• Bactrian camel  
• Camels in the Taklimakan  
• Camels available 
• Camel convoy  
• Camel and donkey  
• What has long been the major means of transporting goods (and people) across the Taklimakan?
• What physical characteristics enable the camel to withstand the harsh environment of the desert?
• What is the purpose of the bells used by the camel drivers?
• How would you describe the personality of a camel?

From Dunhuang, the Polos set out across the Gobi, Asia's largest desert. For over a month they trekked through this harsh wasteland. Marco described how travelers in the Gobi were often plagued by strange mirages (phantom figures of friends in the distance) or frightening sounds (weird murmuring or repetitive drumbeats). Such illusions were caused by the intensity of the sun, the lack of water, and the seemingly endless stretches of the "unfriendly" landscapes.

• Access Gobi Desert available through Internet Public Library. Compare the geography of the Gobi to that of the Taklimakan.
• View modern photographs of the Gobi by accessing China's Unknown Gobi .
• Return to the map entitled China 3 .  Find the Gobi Desert. What modern country does most of this desert belong to? Find Beijing—the final destination of Marco Polo.
• How does the Gobi compare to the Taklimakan?
• What were some of the psychological challenges posed to travelers by the natural environment of the Gobi?

Divide the class into groups of three. Have each group select a desert—the Taklimakan or the Gobi—and then make a poster, referring to the websites visited in this lesson. The posters can be illustrated by images downloaded, by images cut from magazines, or by original drawings.

Selected EDSITEment Websites

Asia Source

• Topography of Eastern Asia
• Where the Gobi meets the Taklamakan
• Go to Photographs of Silk Road Photo Gallery

Internet Public Library

• Bactrian camel
• Camels in the Taklamakan
• Gobi Desert
• China's Unknown Gobi
• Camel convoy

Related on EDSITEment

Lesson 1: on the road with marco polo: a boy in 13th century venice, lesson 2: on the road with marco polo: from venice to hormuz, lesson 3: on the road with marco polo: from hormuz to kashgar, lesson 5: on the road with marco polo: marco polo in china.

15 Legendary Sandscapes – Epic Adventures in the Sahara, Gobi, and Beyond

By: Author Kitty Holland

The world’s great deserts, from the vast Sahara to the remote Gobi, offer landscapes of profound beauty and solitude. This guide explores the heart of these arid regions, providing insights for the intrepid traveler seeking to explore these unique environments. Each section will introduce a different desert, offering essential tips, optimal travel times, and access routes.

1. The Sahara Desert, North Africa

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Atosan

The world’s largest hot desert, the Sahara, spans several North African countries. Its landscape is a tapestry of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and occasional oases. Exploring the Sahara offers a chance to experience the traditional Bedouin lifestyle, including camel treks and starlit nights in desert camps. Key attractions include the ancient Egyptian pyramids near Cairo and the stunning dunes of Merzouga in Morocco. The Sahara is a vast historical and cultural landscape that tells stories of ancient civilizations and enduring traditions.

Insider’s Tip: Engage a local guide for an authentic experience. 

When to Travel: October to April to avoid extreme heat. 

How to Get There: Fly into a major city like Marrakech, Cairo, or Tunis and arrange transport to the desert.

2. The Gobi Desert, Mongolia and China

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Lian Deng

The Gobi Desert, stretching across Mongolia and China, is a land of extremes. Known for its harsh climate and remote location, the Gobi offers unique experiences like the singing sand dunes of Khongoryn Els and the Flaming Cliffs, a paleontology site.

The desert’s vastness is home to nomadic herders and rare wildlife, including the Bactrian camel and snow leopard. Visiting the Gobi is a step into a way of life that has adapted to one of the most challenging environments on Earth.

Insider’s Tip: Pack layers for temperature fluctuations. 

When to Travel: May to September for milder weather. 

How to Get There: Start from Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia or Beijing in China and join a guided tour.

3. The Atacama Desert, Chile

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Skreidzeleu

The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is known for its stark beauty and extreme aridity. It offers landscapes that resemble Martian terrain, with salt flats, geysers, and lagoons. The Valle de la Luna (Moon Valley) is a highlight for its surreal, moon-like landscapes.

The Atacama is also one of the best places in the world for stargazing, thanks to its high altitude and clear skies. This desert is a destination for those seeking both the beauty of a harsh, unyielding landscape and the wonders of the night sky.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the ALMA Observatory for a unique astronomical experience. 

When to Travel: Year-round, as the Atacama is one of the driest places on Earth. 

How to Get There: Fly to Calama, Chile, and then travel to San Pedro de Atacama.

4. The Namib Desert, Namibia

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Christiane Schwerin

The Namib Desert, stretching along Namibia’s coast, is characterized by high sand dunes and a unique array of wildlife adapted to the arid environment. The desert is home to the famous Sossusvlei dunes, some of the highest in the world, and Deadvlei, known for its ancient, dead acacia trees set against red dunes.

The Namib also offers a coastal perspective with the Skeleton Coast, where shipwrecks and foggy shores create hauntingly beautiful scenes. This desert is a place of stark contrasts, where life persists in one of the most inhospitable environments.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the Sossusvlei dunes at sunrise for spectacular views. 

When to Travel: May to October for cooler temperatures. 

How to Get There: Fly to Windhoek, Namibia, and drive or take a tour to the desert.

5. The Arabian Desert, Middle East

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Lubo Ivanko

The Arabian Desert covers much of the Arabian Peninsula, offering a landscape of sandy dunes and rocky valleys. It’s a region rich in history and culture, with ancient trade routes and historical sites like the lost city of Ubar.

Modern cities like Dubai and Riyadh starkly contrast the desert’s solitude. The Arabian Desert also has unique wildlife, including the Arabian oryx and sand gazelle. This desert offers a blend of ancient history and modern luxury, making it a fascinating destination for travelers.

Insider’s Tip: Explore the historical sites, including the lost city of Ubar. 

When to Travel: November to March for bearable temperatures. 

How to Get There: Fly to a major city like Dubai, Riyadh, or Muscat and arrange a desert excursion.

6. The Kalahari Desert, Southern Africa

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Repina Valeriya

The Kalahari Desert, spanning Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa, is not a desert in the traditional sense, as it receives some rainfall. Its semi-arid savannah is home to various wildlife, including lions, giraffes, and meerkats. The Central Kalahari Game Reserve is a highlight, offering an authentic safari experience.

The desert is also home to the San people, whose traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle offers insights into human adaptation to the desert environment. The Kalahari is a destination for those seeking wildlife and cultural experiences in a desert setting.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the Central Kalahari Game Reserve for wildlife viewing. 

When to Travel: April to September for cooler weather and better wildlife viewing. 

How to Get There: Fly to Gaborone, Botswana, and travel by road or light aircraft.

7. The Mojave Desert, USA

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Hans Wismeijer

The Mojave Desert, located in the southwestern United States, is known for its unique geological features and diverse ecosystems. With its iconic Joshua trees and rock formations, Joshua Tree National Park is a must-visit. The Mojave is also home to Death Valley, the hottest and driest national park in the US. This desert offers a variety of experiences, from hiking and camping to exploring ghost towns and witnessing stunning desert blooms. The Mojave is a desert of contrasts, where extreme conditions foster unique beauty.

Insider’s Tip: Explore the unique Joshua Tree National Park. 

When to Travel: Spring and fall for mild temperatures. 

How to Get There: Fly to Las Vegas or Los Angeles and drive to the desert.

8. The Sonoran Desert, USA and Mexico

Image Credit: Shutterstock / 86Eric_Anthony_Mischke 86

The Sonoran Desert, spanning parts of the United States and Mexico, is known for its biodiversity and the unique saguaro cactus. The desert landscape varies from sandy dunes to rocky hills, supporting a wide range of wildlife. The Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and the Saguaro National Park are highlights, showcasing the desert’s unique flora and fauna.

The Sonoran Desert also offers cultural experiences with indigenous communities and historic missions. This desert is a destination for those interested in natural and cultural exploration.

Insider’s Tip: Visit during spring for the desert bloom. 

When to Travel: October to April for cooler temperatures. 

How to Get There: Fly to Phoenix, Arizona, or Hermosillo, Mexico, and drive to the desert.

9. The Thar Desert, India and Pakistan

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Muhammad Bilal23

The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, offers a colorful cultural experience alongside its arid landscape. The desert is home to vibrant communities with rich textiles, music, and dance traditions. Camel safaris are a popular way to explore the dunes and visit remote villages.

The desert also hosts historical forts and palaces, such as the Jaisalmer Fort, adding a historical dimension to the journey. The Thar Desert blends natural beauty and cultural richness, offering a unique perspective on desert life.

Insider’s Tip: Experience a camel safari and visit local villages. 

When to Travel: November to March for cooler temperatures. 

How to Get There: Fly to Jodhpur or Jaipur in India and arrange a desert tour.

10. The Judean Desert, Israel

Image Credit: Shutterstock / John Theodor

The Judean Desert, located in Israel, is a desert of historical and religious significance. It’s home to the ancient fortress of Masada, the Dead Sea, and the Ein Gedi Nature Reserve. The desert’s rugged terrain and historical sites offer a journey through time, from biblical stories to the Roman era. The unique experience of floating in the Dead Sea and exploring ancient ruins makes the Judean Desert a destination for historical exploration and natural wonders.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the ancient fortress of Masada at sunrise. 

How to Get There: Fly to Tel Aviv, Israel, and travel by road.

11. The Painted Desert, USA

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Stephen Moehle

The Painted Desert in the southwestern United States is known for its colorful, layered rock formations. Located within the Petrified Forest National Park, the desert offers a stark and vibrant landscape.

The park is also home to one of the world’s largest concentrations of petrified wood, adding a unique geological aspect to the visit. The Painted Desert is a destination for those interested in natural history and stunning landscapes.

Insider’s Tip: Visit the Petrified Forest National Park for a unique geological experience. 

When to Travel: Spring and fall for the best weather. 

How to Get There: Fly to Phoenix, Arizona, and drive to the desert.

12. The Simpson Desert, Australia

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Janelle Lugge

The Simpson Desert in central Australia is a vast expanse of red sand dunes and sparse vegetation. It’s one of the world’s most remote and least disturbed deserts, offering a true sense of isolation.

The desert is challenging to traverse, requiring preparation and respect for the harsh conditions. The Simpson Desert is a destination for those seeking an adventure in one of the most untouched desert environments on the planet.

Insider’s Tip: Prepare thoroughly for remote travel and fluctuating conditions. 

When to Travel: April to October to avoid extreme heat. 

How to Get There: Fly to Alice Springs, Australia, and join a guided tour.

13. The Chihuahuan Desert, USA and Mexico

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Jeff Morgan

The Chihuahuan Desert, spanning parts of the United States and Mexico, is the largest desert in North America. It’s known for its diverse ecosystems, supporting a variety of plant and animal life.

The desert’s landscape includes mountains, dunes, and grasslands. Highlights include the Big Bend National Park in Texas and the Cuatro Ciénegas in Mexico. The Chihuahuan Desert offers a journey through a rich and varied desert ecosystem.

Insider’s Tip: Explore the unique flora and fauna, including the Mexican prairie dog. 

When to Travel: October to April for milder weather. 

How to Get There: Fly to El Paso, Texas, or Chihuahua, Mexico, and drive to the desert.

14. The Black Rock Desert, USA

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Danita Delimont

The Black Rock Desert in Nevada is known for its flat, expansive playa and the annual Burning Man festival. Outside the festival, the desert offers a landscape of solitude and stark beauty. The playa is one of the flattest places on Earth, providing a unique environment for land sailing and rocketry. The Black Rock Desert is a destination for those seeking cultural events and a desert landscape’s tranquility.

Insider’s Tip: Experience the unique Burning Man festival if timing allows. 

When to Travel: Late summer for the Burning Man festival, otherwise spring and fall. 

How to Get There: Fly to Reno, Nevada, and drive to the desert.

15. The White Desert, Egypt

Image Credit: Shutterstock / Aline Fortuna

The White Desert in Egypt, part of the Farafra Depression, is known for its surreal chalk rock formations. These formations, sculpted by wind erosion, create an otherworldly landscape. The desert also offers a glimpse into the life of the Bedouin people and the opportunity to camp under the stars. The White Desert is a destination for those seeking a unique and visually stunning desert experience.

Insider’s Tip: Explore the surreal chalk rock formations at sunrise or sunset. 

How to Get There: Fly to Cairo, Egypt, and arrange a tour to the desert.

The Bottom Line

Image Credit: Pexels / FAICAL Zaramod

As you embark on your desert adventures, remember that these arid landscapes offer more than just sand and sun. Each desert has its unique character, history, and culture. From the vast Sahara to the remote Gobi, your journey will be filled with discovery and wonder.

Respect the environment and local customs, and be prepared for the challenges that desert travel presents. In these great deserts, you’ll find not only solitude and beauty but also a deeper connection to the natural world and the diverse cultures that inhabit it.

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GOBI DESERT OVERLAND TOUR

Tour highlights

• Climb to famous Khongor sand dune
• Exploring ancient temple ruins
• Hike to majestic Flaming cliffs
• Driving through wilderness
• Experience nomads lifestyle
• Enjoy two humped camel ride
• Discovering dinosaur sites
• Gobi Gurvan Saikhan NP
• Tsagaan Suvarga- colorful earth
• Yol valley     

DETAILED TOUR ITINERARY

DAY 1 BAGA GAZRIIN CHULUU OR SMALL ROCK FORMATION.  

In the morning we will pick you up from your accommodation and drive to Baga Gazriin Chuluu. This is located in Delgertsogt sum and surrounded by plateau landscape. The highest point is about 1765 m high from the sea level.  This stunning part of Gobi desert allow you to explore old stone temple ruins related to the 17 the of century and small spring called, ”EYE” on the top of rocks.

DAY 2 YOL VALLEY OR VULTURE VALLEY – NARROW GORGES

Yol valley is a deep and narrow gorge in the Gurvan Saikhan mountain of southern Mongolia and forms incredible canyons and interesting rocky sceneries. The sun never reach narrowest part of the gorges, and here you can find ice and snow in summer hot days. The narrowest part is only 3-4 person can pass in same time.

DAY 3 KHONGORYN ELS- SAND DUNE.

After breakfast we head off to Khongor sand dune, which is the main highlight of our trip. It is the biggest and most spectacular sand dune in Mongolia that stretching along the northern side of Sevrei and Zoolun mountain ranges. 4-5 hour driving takes us to huge Gobi desert and a cold water spring with river. On this day you will have the chance to visit a camel herdsman family and experience their lifestyle, with rich culture and traditions.

DAY 4 HIKING TO SAND DUNE AND CAMEL RIDING.

After a good night sleep in ger, start hiking to the highest sand dune (800 m), and climb up to the top of Khongor sand dune and slide down. When you reach the top, you will have amazing views of much of the golden Gobi desert. The sands have attractive curves which end in a sharp edge, making wave like patterns on the sand. They continually change shape due to wind and reflect yellow-white colours as the intensity of light changes during the day. Photographing and exploring neighborhood area, riding on the gentle two humped camels.

DAY 5 BAYAN ZAG – DINOSAUR SITE

After a good night sleep and a hearty breakfast, continue driving towards Bayanzag also know as the “Flaming cliffs” (240) mostly paved road. Bayanzag means “rich saxaul” which is small type of tree. Bayanzag is famous with its paleontological sites. This plain has many sedimentary sand cliffs where many dinosaurs’ fossils have been found. In 1922, the palaeontologist Roy Chapman Andrews was the first to discover dinosaurs’ bones and eggs.

DAY 6 TSAGAAN SUVARGA WHITE STUPA

In the morning we start driving to the Tsagaan Suvarga, which is located in south west of Dundgobi province in Olziit sum. It is a sheer slope that was an ancient seabed that featured a sedimentary structure that was created over millions of years. The cliff is 30m high and 100m wide. Hiking around and enjoy the spectacular view of the White Stupa.

DAY 7 DRIVE BACK TO ULAANBAATAR

Our trip is completed. In the morning we will drive back to Ulaanbaatar, transfer to your hotel.

Tour price includes:

• Pick up and drop off in UB
• Local English-speaking guide 
• Experienced driver and cook
• land transportation+gasoline
• Accommodations, ger
• Visit nomad family
• Camping equipment.(tent mattress)
• Dining tent
• Breakfast, lunch, dinner 
• National park entrance fee.

Tour price doesn’t include:

• International airfare
• Hotel in UB
• Travel insurance
• Sleeping bag
• Excess baggage charge
• Passport and visa fees
• Optional additional activity cost
• Personal expenses
• Special order in cafes and restaurant

Some weather recommendations: Summer months in Mongolia are from early-June to mid-September. Although the Mongolian summers are hot and dry with occasional rain, the temperature can fluctuate as much 20 degrees centigrade between day and night, so be prepared for all weather conditions.

Traversing the Gobi Desert: A Cultural and Natural Expedition

By: Author Jack Higgs

Posted on December 22, 2023

Categories Asia

The Gobi Desert , located in Central Asia , is one of the largest deserts in Asia , spanning across both Mongolia and China . It is renowned for its vast desert landscape , extreme temperatures , and unique ecosystem . With its sprawling sand dunes , diverse wildlife , and captivating geographical features , the Gobi Desert offers a truly unforgettable adventure .

Table of Contents

The climate in the Gobi Desert is characterized by extreme temperatures , with scorching hot summers reaching over 120 degrees Fahrenheit and bitterly cold winters with temperatures dropping below freezing. Despite these harsh conditions, the Gobi Desert is home to a remarkable variety of flora and fauna that have adapted to survive in this arid environment.

Exploring the Gobi Desert provides an opportunity to immerse yourself in the breathtaking beauty of its sand dunes , encounter elusive wildlife such as Bactrian camels and desert foxes, and marvel at its diverse geographical features , including plateaus, canyons, and rocky mountains.

Not only does the Gobi Desert offer a captivating natural experience, but it is also a place where visitors can immerse themselves in Mongolia’s rich nomadic culture . Interacting with the local nomadic herders, experiencing their traditional customs , and staying in traditional gers (yurts) will provide a deeper understanding of their way of life and the hospitality they offer.

If you’re seeking adventure , the Gobi Desert won’t disappoint. With trekking and hiking routes that traverse its various landscapes , camping under the starry skies, and the thrill of spotting unique wildlife , there are endless opportunities for exhilarating experiences in this extraordinary desert.

Key Takeaways:

• The Gobi Desert is one of the largest deserts in Asia , spanning Mongolia and China .
• It offers a unique ecosystem , featuring expansive sand dunes and diverse wildlife.
• Exploring the Gobi Desert provides opportunities to experience Mongolia’s nomadic culture and traditional customs .
• Adventure enthusiasts can enjoy activities like trekking , hiking , and camping in the desert.
• The Gobi Desert experiences extreme temperatures and an arid climate , making proper preparation essential.

Exploring the Gobi Desert’s Natural Beauty

The Gobi Desert is renowned for its unique ecosystem that has thrived in the face of its harsh desert environment. This vast desert, which spans across Mongolia and China , is home to a variety of natural wonders and stunning landscapes .

Expansive Sand Dunes

One of the highlights of the Gobi Desert is its expansive sand dunes, some of which are among the largest in the world. These towering dunes create a dramatic and breathtaking sight , showcasing the raw beauty of nature. The shifting sands and ever-changing patterns make them a photographer’s paradise and a must-visit attraction for nature enthusiasts.

“The Gobi Desert’s sand dunes offer a surreal and mesmerizing experience. They stretch as far as the eye can see, creating an enchanting landscape that is unlike anything I have ever witnessed before.” – Traveler testimonial

As you explore the Gobi Desert’s sand dunes, you’ll be amazed by their sheer size and the unique colors they exhibit, ranging from golden yellow to fiery red. They provide an ideal habitat for a variety of desert wildlife, including Bactrian camels, gazelles, and desert foxes.

Diverse Geographical Features

In addition to its mesmerizing sand dunes, the Gobi Desert is also home to a variety of geographical features that add to its natural beauty and allure. From vast plateaus to deep canyons and rocky mountains, the landscape of the Gobi Desert is as diverse as it is awe-inspiring.

Exploring the plateaus of the Gobi Desert allows you to enjoy stunning panoramic views, while venturing into the canyons reveals hidden oases and unexpected pockets of greenery amid the arid desert terrain . The rocky mountains that dot the landscape offer both a challenge and reward for adventurous hikers, with breathtaking vistas waiting to be discovered at their summits.

The Gobi Desert’s unique geographical features showcase the power and resilience of nature, making it a truly remarkable destination for those seeking to immerse themselves in the wonders of our planet.

Cultural Encounters in the Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert is not only a natural wonder but also a captivating destination for cultural exploration. As visitors venture into this vast landscape, they have the opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich nomadic culture of Mongolia.

T he Gobi Desert is home to many nomadic herders who have preserved their traditional customs throughout the centuries. These nomads continue to live in traditional Gers, portable dwellings that have been used by nomadic communities for generations. The Gers provide a unique glimpse into their way of life, reflecting the harmonious relationship between people and nature in this demanding environment.

Interacting with the nomadic communities in the Gobi Desert offers travelers a chance to learn about their customs, traditions, and ancient practices. From traditional herding techniques to the art of making traditional clothing and handicrafts , visitors can gain a deeper understanding of the nomadic lifestyle.

“Nomadic hospitality is an essential part of our culture,” says Batbold, a local herder. “We welcome guests with open arms and treat them as family. Sharing meals, stories, and experiences is a way for us to connect and show our genuine hospitality .”

Exploring the Gobi Desert also unveils the historical significance it holds. It is the birthplace of Genghis Khan , the revered founder of the Mongol Empire. Travelers can delve into the rich history of the region and connect with this legendary figure who shaped the course of history.

While traversing the Gobi Desert, visitors can witness the heritage of Genghis Khan through various cultural landmarks and museums dedicated to his legacy. The enduring influence of Genghis Khan can still be felt in the nomadic customs and traditions practiced by the local communities.

The Warmth of Hospitality

The essence of the Gobi Desert experience lies in the warm hospitality of its people. Nomadic families welcome guests into their gers, offering them a glimpse into their daily lives and embracing them as part of their extended family. From enjoying traditional meals to engaging in heartfelt conversations around the crackling fire, visitors are immersed in a genuine sense of warmth and kinship.

This hospitality is deeply rooted in the nomadic culture, where the act of welcoming guests is considered a sacred duty. The nomads’ unwavering generosity and kindness provide a unique insight into human connection and the beauty of cultural exchange.

Trekking and Adventure in the Gobi Desert

For adventure enthusiasts, the Gobi Desert offers a range of activities, including trekking and hiking . There are several trekking routes that allow visitors to explore the diverse landscapes of the desert, from vast open plains to towering sand dunes. Camping is a popular option for overnight stays, allowing travelers to immerse themselves in the desert environment and witness the breathtaking starry skies. Along the way, there are opportunities to spot unique desert wildlife and observe the ever-changing desert scenery.

Embark on an unforgettable adventure in the Gobi Desert, immersing yourself in its breathtaking landscapes and discovering its hidden wonders. With its vast open plains, towering sand dunes, and remarkable wildlife, the Gobi Desert offers endless opportunities for trekking and adventure. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or a novice explorer, the Gobi’s diverse terrain and stunning vistas will leave you in awe.

“Trekking through the Gobi Desert is an extraordinary experience that allows you to connect with nature on a deeper level. The tranquility and vastness of the desert, combined with the sense of adventure, create a truly unique journey.” – Adventure Seeker Magazine

Exploring Diverse Landscapes

One of the highlights of trekking in the Gobi Desert is the opportunity to explore its diverse landscapes. From the expansive open plains to the towering sand dunes, each step reveals a new and awe-inspiring scene. Traverse the vastness of the desert, surrounded by stunning natural formations and breathtaking vistas. Whether trekking through rocky terrain or crossing vast sand dunes, every moment spent in the Gobi is an adventure in itself.

Encountering Unique Wildlife

The Gobi Desert is home to a wide array of unique wildlife, making it a paradise for nature lovers. While trekking through the desert, keep an eye out for rare species such as the elusive snow leopard, the wild Bactrian camel, and the endangered Gobi bear. Witness the wonders of nature as you spot exotic birds soaring through the sky and observe desert foxes and gazelles navigating the arid landscape. The Gobi’s wildlife is a testament to the resilience and adaptation of life in this extreme environment.

Experiencing Desert Camping

There’s no better way to truly experience the magic of the Gobi Desert than by camping under its starry skies. Set up camp in the heart of the desert, surrounded by the serenity of the landscape. As the sun sets and the heavens reveal a blanket of stars, you’ll feel a sense of peace and wonder like never before. Fall asleep to the sounds of the desert and wake up to the golden hues of the sunrise, ready to embark on another day of adventure.

The Gobi Desert Climate and Weather

The Gobi Desert is known for its extreme climate and harsh weather conditions. With its arid and dry climate, the region experiences scorching hot summers and bitterly cold winters. During the summer months, temperatures in the Gobi Desert can soar above 120 degrees Fahrenheit, creating a challenging environment for both humans and wildlife. In contrast, winter temperatures can drop below freezing, with snowfall covering the vast desert landscape .

The Gobi Desert receives very little precipitation throughout the year, making it one of the driest places on Earth. The lack of rainfall contributes to the aridity of the region and further intensifies its extreme climate. Travelers planning a visit to the Gobi Desert should be prepared for these extreme weather conditions and take necessary precautions to ensure their safety and comfort.

Extreme Temperatures and Aridity

Extreme temperatures are a defining characteristic of the Gobi Desert climate. The scorching hot summers can be challenging, with high heat and intense sunlight. It is important for visitors to protect themselves from the sun by wearing sunscreen, hats, and lightweight, breathable clothing. Staying hydrated is also crucial, as the dry and arid conditions can cause rapid dehydration.

On the other hand, winter temperatures in the Gobi Desert can be bitterly cold, dropping below freezing point. Travelers should come prepared with warm layers, insulated clothing, and proper winter gear to stay comfortable in these frigid conditions.

The Impact of Aridity on the Ecosystem

The arid climate of the Gobi Desert has a significant impact on its unique ecosystem. The lack of rainfall limits vegetation growth, resulting in sparse plant life. However, some plant species have adapted to survive in the desert’s arid conditions, such as drought-tolerant shrubs and grasses.

The aridity also affects wildlife in the region. Many animals have developed adaptations to conserve water and withstand the extreme temperatures. The Gobi Desert is home to various desert-adapted species, including Bactrian camels, gazelles, and desert foxes, which have evolved to thrive in the challenging environment.

Exploring the Gobi Desert: Popular Destinations and Itineraries

When exploring the Gobi Desert, there are several popular destinations and itineraries to consider. One of the must-see attractions is the Khongoriin Els Sand Dunes, also known as the Singing Dunes. These towering sand dunes offer stunning views and the opportunity to experience camel riding.

Another popular destination is the Yolyn Am , or Eagle Gorge , known for its dramatic rock formations and ice formations in the winter.

Other highlights include the Flaming Cliffs of Bayanzag , famous for its dinosaur fossils, and the ancient capital city of Karakorum, home to historical monuments and ruins.

Exploring the Gobi Desert is a journey filled with breathtaking sightseeing and unforgettable attractions . From the majestic sand dunes to the dramatic rock formations, there is something for everyone in this unique desert landscape .

With its diverse range of destinations and itineraries , the Gobi Desert offers an adventure like no other. Whether you’re exploring the Singing Dunes, marveling at the Eagle Gorge, or discovering the ancient ruins of Karakorum, the Gobi Desert is sure to leave you in awe.

Plan your trip to the Gobi Desert and embark on an incredible adventure filled with sightseeing and memorable attractions .

Practical Tips for Traveling to the Gobi Desert

When planning a trip to the Gobi Desert, there are some practical tips to keep in mind.

First and foremost, it is important to pack appropriate clothing and gear for the extreme desert climate. The Gobi Desert experiences scorching hot summers and bitterly cold winters, so it’s essential to come prepared. Make sure to pack sunscreen to protect your skin from the intense sun, hats for shade, and lightweight, breathable clothing to stay comfortable in the heat. For winter visits, bring warm layers, gloves, and a hat to stay cozy in the chilly temperatures.

Another crucial tip is to bring plenty of water and stay hydrated. The desert environment can be incredibly dry , and it’s easy to become dehydrated without even realizing it. Carry a reusable water bottle and drink plenty of water throughout the day to avoid dehydration. Consider packing electrolyte tablets to replenish lost minerals during prolonged outdoor activities.

The best time to visit the Gobi Desert is during the spring and fall when temperatures are more moderate. The weather during these seasons is milder, making it more comfortable for exploring the desert landscapes and engaging in outdoor activities. It’s important to check the weather forecast before your trip and be prepared for any unexpected changes in weather conditions.

Lastly, it is recommended to book accommodations and transportation in advance, as the Gobi Desert can be quite remote, and infrastructure may be limited. Plan your itinerary and make arrangements for accommodations, transportation, and any guided tours or activities you wish to experience. This will ensure a smoother and more enjoyable trip to the Gobi Desert, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the unique beauty and culture of this remarkable destination.

Q: What is the Gobi Desert?

A: The Gobi Desert is one of the largest deserts in Asia , spanning across both Mongolia and China. It is known for its vast desert landscape and extreme temperatures.

Q: What is unique about the Gobi Desert?

A: The Gobi Desert boasts a unique ecosystem with sand dunes, diverse geographical features, and wildlife, including Bactrian camels, gazelles, and desert foxes.

Q: Can I experience the local culture in the Gobi Desert?

A: Yes, the Gobi Desert is home to nomadic herders who maintain traditional customs. Visitors have the opportunity to interact with these nomadic communities and learn about their way of life.

Q: What adventure activities can I engage in while in the Gobi Desert?

A: The Gobi Desert offers trekking, hiking, and camping opportunities. Travelers can explore diverse landscapes, observe wildlife, and enjoy the breathtaking starry skies.

Q: What is the climate of the Gobi Desert?

A: The Gobi Desert has an arid climate with extreme temperatures. Summers can reach over 120 degrees Fahrenheit, while winters can drop below freezing. The region receives very little precipitation.

Q: What are the popular destinations and itineraries in the Gobi Desert?

A: Popular destinations include the Khongoriin Els Sand Dunes, Yolyn Am (Eagle Gorge), Flaming Cliffs of Bayanzag, and the ancient capital city of Karakorum.

Q: What practical tips should I keep in mind when traveling to the Gobi Desert?

A: It is important to pack appropriate clothing and gear for the extreme desert climate, bring plenty of water, and book accommodations and transportation in advance, as the Gobi Desert can be remote.

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Guide To Crossing The Gobi – Mongolia

Gobi Desert, Mongolia

The silence of the desert engulfs me as I sit alone, atop the highest sand dune I could find. Shades of gold, purple and black paint a picture across the dunes as far as the eye can see. As the sunset unfolds, the picture begins to change, but the silence remains.  In the distance, herds of Bactrian camels graze on the vibrant, desert grass. Beyond, more massive towers of sand and black mountains dominate the darkening, blue sky. This place, so remote and so silent, etches itself in my mind forever. Suddenly, I am consumed by thoughts of the arduous journey that lays ahead. It will test all my skills and experience as a traveler. I am about to cross the Gobi Desert in southern Mongolia.

Guide to traveling the gobi.

Planning Where to Go

The Gobi is really big! Planning on where to go and how long it will take can become very confusing. It’s best to do lots of research on the Gobi , and decide what areas interest you the most. The Gobi has everything from motor sports and dinosaurs, to hiking and camel riding. Uncharted adventure will be had. So spend the time before you go to plan things properly, as visiting the Gobi is a unique travel destination unlike anywhere else.

Getting Transport

There are a few options for traveling through the Gobi. The first, cheapest option is to take public transport. This isn’t the best idea. Because of the Gobi’s size, public transportation is unreliable and destinations are limited (not to mention its time consuming!).

The second choice is to rent a car and drive yourself. This option is great and will give you the freedom to do whatever you wish. The downside is that road maps are not very detailed (including GPS), making navigation difficult. Very little English is spoken here, so finding accommodation and food can be difficult.

The last option is to rent a van with a driver. This is, by far, the best option. Our driver served as a guide, cook, and translator. We were able to do things no other travelers have done before! Our guide provided us with an inside look at Mongolian culture. Obviously, this is the most expensive option, but with some hard bargaining and some willing friends, you can cut costs very low.

Should I Take a Tour?

Tours are a little misunderstood in Mongolia. They range from full blown, all-inclusive GAP tours, to private, customizable backpacker ventures. Most hostels in Ulaanbaatar act as travel agencies as well. If you are traveling alone, then you have the option of joining other groups to cut costs. However, you might not necessarily get to see everything you want, because you’ll be traveling with strangers. My friends and I used a tour agency to rent our van and driver/guide/cook/translator.

How Much Does it Cost?

We paid about $60 US per day for our Gobi experience. This included the van and all the petrol, as well as an awesome local man named Jugga, who was to be our guide/driver. We drove 200-400 km per day. Aside from the van and driver, we paid, on average, $10 for local food per day, and $10 to stay with local families. All said and done, splitting costs between the three of us, we spent about $30-50 US per day.

Accommodation

Finding accommodation was incredibly easy. Most towns have some sort of a guest house that always has rooms available. They are not luxurious by any means. All of the other sights have gers * for rent, and usually a host family will cook for you. Tour companies will tell you that, without a tour, you will not be able find any of this for yourself. This is, of course, not true, but, it would be more challenging.

* Ger: This circular house is quite possibly the one thing that you will remember most about your trip to Mongolia. Today, most of the population still lives in this fashion. The round, wooden frame is covered in felt and wool. The top of the ger is left open for smoke to escape. These houses can be seen all over the country as they are very transportable. This is essential, because most of the population in Mongolia still lives a nomadic lifestyle.

Many times throughout our journey, when we were in very remote areas, our only option was to stay with local, nomadic families. Thanks to Jugga, we were able to arrange this very easily. Staying with families can be very rough, however. You will sleep on the floor, usually next to curing meats. After the fire burns out, it gets very cold. On the upside, every ger doubles as a distillery, so you usually drink yourself asleep and stop caring about the ger’s cleanliness.

Now I am about to get very real with you. Mongolian food was, by far, the highest hurdle to overcome. Mongols have primarily survived on livestock and hunting. They consume copious amounts of meat and milk.

All beverages, including alcohol and tea, are made from either goat, camel, or horse milk. If you are lactose intolerant, like my friend Adam, then life will be a constant struggle.

As for eating with the locals, the usual meal consists of cured goat meat, and usually fried noodles or rice. Every so often, we would see dumplings or empanada-like things filled with goat fat…. Yes, I am warning you, the food here is something else. The odd time we would find spicy ketchup; that was an absolute treat.

“ What’s a vegetable? It’s like a goat that grows in the ground.” – Adam Delman

Entering a Ger

The first thing you must know before entering a ger is that you must be wary of the dogs. Yell out for residents to hold the dogs before leaving your vehicle. When it’s safe and you are ushered to enter the ger, the first thing you should do is greet everyone in Mongolian by saying “ Sain Bain uu. ” The elder will usually will break out the snuff bottles – powdered tobacco which you snort up your nose. It gives you quite the buzz!!

The next step is to eat the dried meat they hand you. It’s usually goat meat or organs that have been fermenting. If you cannot do this, then I suggest you don’t visit Mongolia. Respect the culture. Next, tea is served and food will be cooked. Sometimes the tea is left out and instead hard alcohol is substituted. Getting extremely intoxicated with your host is not just good manners, but is expected!

Getting to the Gobi

From Central Mongolia’s Orkhon Valley, the dirt road winds through the sunlit, bare, green hills south. My crew which consisted of my two friends, Jacob and Adam, from British Colombia. Our driver Jugga, a Mongol crazy enough to tag along for the epic journey that lay ahead, was gearing up in the early hours of the morning.

Our plan was to drive our old Soviet van through the Gobi desert, all the way to Western Mongolia . This is not a journey that is to be taken lightly. After the first part of the journey the road ends abruptly. So does all forms of modern civilisation.

Van fully loaded, we said goodbye to our Nomadic home stay in the Orkhon and headed south. As the hours passed by, we forded rivers, twisted along muddy roads in dense forests, and eventually came to a bare, lunar like landscape. The road ended. Every so often, some horses could be seen; grazing on the shrubs that miraculously grow in this inhospitable place. Four hours of being thrown around like a rag doll in the van passed before we finally found the tarmac.

It wasn’t even an hour after that before we hit the first city, Arvaikheer, en route to the Gobi. Arvaikheer consisted of a few restaurants and hotels, but the rest of the city was made up of groupings of family gers.

Heading south from Arvaikheer, the roads quickly became very rough. The landscape flattened out and was completely bare. Abruptly, we entered the Gobi Desert. Atop a hill that overlooks a sandy plain as far as the eye can see, there was a white Buddhist Stupa. This Stupa signifies the beginning of the Gobi.  The desolate plain looks endless. Seldom grows or lives here. The real adventure was just beginning.

Welcome to the Moon

Many hours passed by as we drove through the nothingness. Time ceased to exist here. Everywhere we looked was flat, desolate plains. The sand and dust filled the air inside the van. Every so often, we saw the skull of a lost horse along the dirt tracks that made this “road.”

The heat waves intensified in the late afternoon, creating false mirage images in the distance. How our driver, Jugga, kept his cool, I am not sure. All of us were hungry and exhausted from the day.

Just then Jugga said, “Here Is food, we stop here.”

Bizarrely enough, we pulled over to a ger in the middle of nowhere. This ger’s isolated location makes one wonder how people can reside here and still be sane. Entering the ger, we found a family of four, which consisted of a young man, his two parents, and their grandmother.  The ger’s smoky interior had strips of goat meat hanging to dry, and a corner full of mysterious, white jugs.

Jugga requested that the father cook us some of the goat meat, while the son and mother brought my friends and I out to get milk. To our surprise, we were to get the milk ourselves… from the horses the family owned.  If you are wondering, yes, milking a horse is just as strange as it sounds. Even stranger was drinking the milk in the ger, while waiting for our fried strips of old goat meat.

After we choked down more horse milk and our host’s generous goat meat, we were given airag* . When the Airag began to take effect, we were served its stronger, distilled cousin. This clear, petrol-tasting version of airag brings a surprisingly comforting effect. It helped take our minds off the fact we just milked a horse in the middle of nowhere.

* Airag: Fermented milk alcohol that is created in the ger. Every ger doubles as a distillery and can make Airag from many kinds of milk: goat, camel, and horse being the most popular. Airag has a frothy, fermented taste and is usually no more than 5% alcohol. There is also a distilled version of Airag that is clear and tastes like petrol. Its alcohol content is a mystery.

From the strange, horse milk nomads, we continued into the flat, sandy, never ending abyss. When the town we were to stay in finally emerged from another heat wave, we were all in disbelief (we were all kind of drunk as well).

This town, which I still don’t know the name of, was another a strange experience. Jugga brought us to the local gym where we were forced into playing the local women’s volley ball team. After these women massacred us, we were brought to the ger in which we were to sleep. This ger was used for fermenting cheese balls. So there we were, beaten from the roads, airag, and women’s volley ball team, laying cuddled up, surrounded by fermenting cheese.

Ongiin Khiid Monastery

The next morning, we drove to the two Buddhist monasteries of Ongiin Khiid. The two monasteries, Bari Lam Khiid and Khutagt Lam Khiid, are collectively known as Ongiin Khiid . Built in 1760, they were once the largest Buddhist monasteries in all of Mongolia. In 1937, the Soviets came and levelled the complex, killing over 200 monks. These days, a small community of monks have begun piecing the temples back together.

Entering the grounds feels a bit spooky. Mounds of rubble are strewn about all over the hills and valley bottom. Looking closer at the broken stones, you will find Sanskrit script, swastikas * and other Buddhist symbols. Its best to delve deep into the remote valleys near the monasteries, as there is plenty of hidden treasures here.

* Many people don’t know that the swastika is actually a Buddhist symbol that means “wellbeing.” The ancient symbol was corrupted by the Nazi party in the 1930’s.

The museum here is also worth a look. It houses some interesting artefacts that survived the communist purge. My favorite was the wine cups made from elder monk human skulls!

Hunting for Fossils at Bayanzag

The strange hills of Bayanzag are famed for the discovery of dinosaur relics. It was here that palaeontologist Roy Chapman Andrews first started excavations, searching for dinosaur bones and eggs in 1922. Today, you can see many of his findings in museums all over the world!

If you’re not into dinosaurs, Bayanzag is still worth the visit, as its natural desert beauty is unlike the rest of the Gobi. Vibrant colours swirl around the cliff side, and tall peaks provide views of amazing desert vistas.

Approaching the fiery hills of Bayanzag is an epic experience. From the flat, sandy, desolate desert, giant red, orange and yellow hills emerge from out of nowhere. Getting here from Ongiin Khiid took several hours, but it was well worth the stop.

We spent several hours hiking around the cliffs, exploring new, exciting angles of the rock formations. In the belly of the valley, we found several potential dinosaur bones and eggs. There were plenty of interesting rocks for us three geeks to collect. After three hours of dinosaur hunting, we drove to the nearby ger camp for the night. At night, the stars here are amazing!

Dalanzadgad and Hiking through the Yolyn Am Valley

The next day, we drove to the capital of the Gobi region. After about a week of sleeping in gers and not showering, we were looking forward to some civilization. Unfortunately, we didn’t find it here. Dalanzadgad’s dusty, barren streets are home to a few restaurants, broken ATM’s and 70’s era dinosaur statues. It resembles a ghost town.

We did, however get to finally shower. The “showers” are located in a public bath house. Even though it was dirty and felt a bit like a brothel, I will never forget the feeling of that hot shower and being clean once again.

Fresh, and plenty excited to leave Dalanzadgad, we ventured into the mountains of the Gobi.

Hidden deep in a canyon is Yolyn Am. Originally created to protect wildlife, this park has now become famed for its hiking and ice filled caverns. From the entrance, you can hike deeper into the canyon. You will have to cross frigid rivers, crackling ice, and beautiful fields of green grass surrounded by the tall, black mountains of Yolyn Am. The full circuit is about 10km and takes 5-6 hours. We spent about 3 hours just walking about halfway through and back.

Outside of Yolyn Am is a taxidermy museum. I know what you are thinking; who wants to go see some stuffed animals? But, this sight is a must! The animals are very poorly stuffed, giving them an almost comedic look to them! You also can get a close up look at some of the rarer species here without having to spend weeks looking for them (they might not look quite like what you were expecting!).

Nearby to the taxidermy museum is a group of gers owned by an elderly Mongol women. She was the only person in this country who provided us with something other than goat meat. She made us elbow pasta with Russian goulash; it was a gift from God.

Stepping Into the Past – Khavtsgait Petroglyphs

On the way to Khongoryn Els is, quite possibly, the highlight of the entire Gobi. Hidden high above in the hills are the Khavtsgait Petroglyphs. Finding them was not easy. Our driver stopped at another nomadic family home. Here, we had the ubiquitous Mongolian milk tea, snorted some snuff, and ate a few goat made products. After conversing with them, they agreed to show us were the Petroglyphs were located.

We drove for about one hour, high into the hills. These roads look as if they have not been used in years. Our new guide directed us through they hill valleys up onto a desert plateau. Odd piles of black rocks dotted the horizon. Our guide brought us to different groups of these rocks and then we walked up onto them.

Walking off alone, I stumbled across a few scratches in the rocks. I followed these to larger ones until, finally, I was confronted with an entire boulder covered in stories of the past. The desert wind blew across my face, whispering with ancient voices of the people who were here long ago. The rock carvings depicted ancient homes, hunting, and the people who once called this place home.  There are plenty of ibex and deer carvings, but the best one is of a two humped camel. These petroglyphs date back anywhere from 3000 to 8000BC!

Further along from these carvings were more recent ones done by Buddhist monks from Tibet traveling through here. They carved Sanskrit, the language of the Buddha, onto the rocks; to guide future monks on their rite of passage.

The Sands of Khongoryn Els

Blown away by the Petroglyphs, we pushed on towards the heart of the Gobi. It doesn’t take long traveling on this road for you to realise its remoteness. Here, Jugga asked if we could pick his brother up. It was a strange question, as we were in the middle of nowhere. Sure enough, the exact DNA copy of Jugga was standing on the sand road in the middle of the desert. Adia, Jugga’s brother now joined our motley crew.

Sand dunes in the distance grow larger and larger as you approach Khongoryn Els . These are not the sand dunes you picture from the Sahara, they are very different. Fluorescent green pastures of grass sit at the foot of these massive, golden dunes. Behind the sand are large, black mountains of jagged rock. The scene is beautiful and surreal.

As we approached our ger camp, hundreds of Bactrian (two humped) camels appeared. They grazed in the fields of grass, adding another element to this fairy tale like picture. When we arrived, the first thing my friends and I did was run to the dunes.

Climbing them is a brutal task. For every step we took up towards the summits, we sank back a few inches. It takes lots of stamina to finally ascend these monsters. After the first summit, you see an even bigger one in front of it. It became an obsession of ours to climb the biggest ones. When we finally found the biggest one and summited it, we sat down and everything became silent.

The setting sun dropped shades of purple and black, pairing with the golden rays bouncing off the dunes. In the distance, a man walked with his camels through the sand, painting a picturesque scene. The silence took hold of us. Nothing on this earth will ever compare to the silent beauty of this place.

The next day, we donned our Mongol Del jackets and climbed aboard our ships of the desert (camels). A local guide took us deeper into the sands of Khongoryn Els. We drifted past wild Mongolian horses, though sandy, trickling streams, and traversed more massive dunes; a true nomadic experience of the Gobi.

That night, we ascended another massive dune and star gazed into, yet again, one of the most amazingly lit skies I have ever seen!

Crossing the Beast

This is what we came for. Take any tour into the Gobi and they stop at Khongoryn Els. The roads go no further, only the emptiness of the desert lies ahead. This is exactly where we intended to go. Our plan was to put the van into 4×4 and cross the entire uncharted section of the Gobi to Altai in Western Mongolia.

We equipped our van with plenty of food, tools, and petrol for the long desert journey. Jugga had never been through here before either, so it was to be an adventure of a lifetime.

The roads ended at the tallest dune in the area, which was 300 meters high. As my friends and I had now become dune summiting junkies, we could not resist the urge to climb this one. It was a long, 1 hour sweaty climb up the 90 degree side of this monstrous sand dune.

At road’s end, Jugga looked nervous. He slammed the van into 4×4 and we pushed onwards. We used GPS, maps, and local mountains as landmarks in an effort not to get lost. The landscape changes quick the further you go; from deep sand, to shrubs and then barren, cracking earth, covered in glass like rocks.

It’s an eerie feeling, not knowing what lays ahead. Everyone stayed fairly silent, giving me time to think and gaze out into the emptiness.

Our first stop was a nomadic ger in the middle of nowhere. We stopped because we were curious the people who would try to make a life out in this place. As it turned out, the family who resided here has been raising camels for generations. They were almost completely cut off from the outside world. That is, until we showed up.

After a camel inspired lunch with the family, we continued on into uncharted territory.  The sky was a shade of blue I have never seen. The eerie, translucent moon was in front of us during the middle of the day. In the distance, black, tall mountains with flat peaks soared above the shifting desert sands, from which rose heat waves that played tricks on our eyes. Ahead was only emptiness. Our van left tracks that cut into the earth for hundreds of kilometres.

After seven hours of driving, we entered the black mountains. We followed an ancient, dried up river bed that led us higher into them. The black cliffs closed us in. They created fortress like walls high above.

After climbing for a few hours, the mountains opened up into rolling hills as far as the eye could see.  Here, the first signs of life emerged. The odd ger was erected in the crevasse of the hills. It was at one of these gers that we approached and asked the residents if we could stay. Our new host family was delighted to have us. We spent the night drinking and laughing about this chaotic adventure we found ourselves in.

In the morning, our host family directed us to some ancient caves. They were hidden in a valley, but there were signs that were possibly as old as the caves themselves that helped guide us. Cavemen used to dwell in these caves 25,000 years ago. Deep inside the cavern, you will find a crude statue of one of these cavemen and discover a cavern in which the walls are covered in clear crystals. The place’s history, beauty and remoteness gave it a somewhat magical feeling.

After five hours of driving through the rolling hills, the desert began to change. Bodies of water appeared and the desolate, dead land began to change into one dotted with grass and flowers. The black mountains of the Gobi loomed behind us in the distance. It was here we found a dirt track that lead us to a small, name-unknown town. Here we found a guesthouse – in an actual house!

The entire town came out to see the crazy five who just drove across one of the most remote corners of the planet.

We awoke early in the morning. We had an approximately nine hour journey left before we would find the tarmac and drive into Western Mongolia. The further we pushed on, the less the landscape looked like the merciless Gobi desert. Right before we found the highway, two large, red mountains emerged, as if signaling the end of the Gobi. We hit the tarmac shortly after these landmarks. The thrill of surviving this journey brought an incredible cheer into the van! Vodka was consumed, packaged noodles were eaten, and we all had the biggest grins, realizing the difficulty of the task we had just completed.

The second leg of our Mongolia journey was now finished, Western Mongolia lay ahead.

Useful Information

Location: Gobi Desert. Mongolia

Daily Costs : 40-70 dollars per day, if sharing costs

Recommended Guide Book : Lonely Planet Mongolia

Gear : Mongolian Del, Life Straw, Nomad Solar Panel, Sony A7, GoPro Hero 4 Black. Bring warm clothes as it gets very cold in the desert.

Stephen Gollan

Uncharted Backpacker is a glimpse at the past eleven years of globetrotting I have done. Now at over ninety countries I share my travel knowledge for you so you too can travel the world and see what wonders it has to offer.

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Whattt a place !!! I dont read stuff, but could not stop myself from reading it all

What an experience! I was searching for info on a man named David Addie who spoke at a senior lodge years ago in our town. He spoke of being plagued with many diseases & he decided to heal himself.One of the things he did was to cross the Gobi desert, & told of the last town being TeTi (meaning flat rocks that slide).He talked of travelling 5000 km.in 100 days. ‘One man on a mission is more powerful than a huge army!’ He ran the Wall of China…but no-body would dream so big….no-one would believe him.His birthday was Sept. 13 ?? While running there, he was arrested 4 X, shot at…almost died….went 17 days without a bath…like you! 1994-Day 99 (had a TV documentary)…but I couldn’t find anything on him.

Very inspiring post!! Just wonder, how long did this trip take?

BR, Anton Melander

The Gobi crossing was about three days, but we slowed it down and stayed 10 days in the Gobi itself.

Hi Stephen, what an experience! My boyfriend and I are planning to go in Mongolia in the mid of July and we would like to do this kind of trip, a lot more indipendent than join a tour and a more authentic experience. Can you give us the contact of the tour agency that you used to hire the van and the driver/cook/guide/translator? Thank you! Silvia & Ema

Hi Stephen, what an experience! My boyfriend and I are planning to go in Mongolia in the mid of July and we would like to do this kind of trip, a lot more indipendent than join a tour and a more authentic experience. Can you give us the contact of the tour agency that you used to hire the van and the driver/cook/guide/translator? Thank you!

Hi. Nice story. Looks exciting. What I was wondering is how close can you get to the Chinese border? Is there a rule about that? Is there a fence or infrared cameras along the border in case you cross?

Walking the Gobi

A 1600-mile trek across a desert of hope and despair.

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The Gobi Desert Motorcycle Travel Guide

No trip to Mongolia is complete without seeing the Gobi Desert. It’s not as hard you might think getting there and is worth the ride. This article will show you how to travel there on a motorcycle, what the roads are like, which part to visit and what you need to know to experience the best of Mongolia’s Gobi Desert. 

The Gobi Desert is the largest desert in Asia and acts as a natural border between Mongolia and China. It has a total surface area of 0.5 million square miles and one of the world’s most volatile climates, changing from -50C to +40C through the year.

Choosing the best bit of the Gobi 

The Gobi is split into five different ecosystems; you’ve got the Eastern Gobi, Alashan, Gobi Lakes, Dzungarian Basin and Tian Shan range. As you travel through the south of Mongolia you’ll likely be riding or driving through parts of the Gobi without even realising it. It’s not all sand and desert.

To get to the quintessential image of the Gobi – you want to visit the Khongoryn Eels area, located in the Gurvansaikhan National Park.

Riding to the Gobi Desert

The Gurvansaikhan National Park is probably the most famous part of the Gobi region, it holds the Flaming Cliffs, Yolyn Am Ice gorge and Khongoryn Eels dunes. Those three are the reason you’ll want to make the trip south. Check the map out below to find the location of all three. You can find more about the Flaming Cliffs and Yolyn Am in our  Top 10 things to do in Mongolia Guide .

Assuming you are making your way south from Ulaanbaatar, you will want to head towards the city of Dalanzadgad. The road to Dalanzadgad from UB is well paved and quick riding (but boring). It’s a two day ride and a good halfway stop off-point would be Mandalgovi, where there are a couple of hotels.

Once you’ve reached Dalanzadgad, turn west and head to the town of Bayandalai, where you can stock up on fuel, food and water (goes without saying that there aren’t any shops in the desert past this point). That road will be a little bit more rough. Once you leave that town and continue west towards Khongoryn the going will get a lot more tough. There are a few mucky swamp areas, big ruts, sand pits and very, very poor gravel roads. It is doable though, and can even be done with two people on one bike. It is hard going, but worth it once the dunes come into view.

To get to the dunes you will need to cross a river by using a small bridge. The exact coordinates for the bridge are  43.776096, 102.255259 . Once you’re in Bayandalai, we’d recommend putting those exact coordinates into Maps.Me. Once you’ve done that, the app will show you the trails, which lead to the bridge – and the trails are surprisingly accurate. It’s easier to use the app in that area as a GPS map instead of as a sat-nav. As long as you’re following it in the right direction you’ll eventually make it.

Once you cross the bridge, you will have a bit of sand riding to do. It’s not deep sand and doable, just take your time and plod through. You’ll eventually exit the sand area and come to a long green patch and the dunes will be in front of you.

You can ride your motorcycle onto the dunes. We saw plenty of Mongolians on little 125s blasting around right at the top.

Accommodation

As you close in on the dunes you will see plenty of yurt camps and herds of camels. You can stay at these camps (there are loads for you to pick and choose from) and they will also offer camel rides and food.

If you’d rather camp, then once you cross the bridge at the coordinates we supplied, just head straight towards the dunes and you’ll see a little camping sign.

We wanted to camp right in front of the dunes and decided to pitch our tent on the grass in front of them. Your call.

You can go to the Gobi any time of the year. But if you’re overlanding and travelling in your own vehicle, chances are that you won’t be travelling through Mongolia in winter. The best times of year to go are from June to August, we visited early September and saw no tourists, only locals. 

Flaming Cliffs

You’ll probably hear a lot about the Flaming Cliffs while you’re in Mongolia. Unfortunately, there aren’t any fires or eternally burning flames there (like the natural fires in Turkey and Azerbaijan ) . Instead, an American palaeontologist named it when he visited in the 1920s. It’s famous for the world’s first discovery of dinosaur eggs. In fact, Mongolia in general and the Gobi specifically, have produced incredible dinosaur fossil remains.

But anyway, it’ll be on your route if you’re heading to Khongoryn Eels and worth a stop. It’s a short ride from the Bayandalai village and easy off-road single tracks to get there. You can’t really miss it and can pinpoint the exact location using Maps.Me. It can get busy in summer with tourist busses stopping at the top. It’s prettiest at sunset and make sure you take a long walk into the valley, just watch out for dinosaurs. There’s no payment to enter the valley and you can ride or drive right to the top.

Yoyln Am Ice Gorge

The Yoyln Am Ice Gorge (try ‘Yoylin’ if your navigation device isn’t picking it up) is on your way from Dalanzadgad to Bayandalai. It’s a deep gorge in the Gobi and famous for being filled with ice all year round. While this was once potentially true, it’s no longer the case. The ice tends to melt away by September, so plan accordingly.

It’s still a nice walk and a very beautiful ride. You will need to pay to enter the national park, should be about £1. From the ticket office it’s a tricky off-road ride. The route can be a bit treacherous with deep slushy mud in places, dependent on the time of year. You’ll eventually reach a car park where you will need to leave your vehicle and walk.

Do not try camping in Yolyn Am . We tried camping near the car park and were awoken late at night and told to move. We said no because it was dark and dangerous to ride the mucky route at night. The park attendants got aggressive fast and a lot of them turned up, pulling and tugging at our tent. We had to pack up and ride in the dark to get out of there. You can camp in a field next to the main road instead. It was the only one time in Mongolia where we were told to move. We pretty much camped everywhere and anywhere in Mongolia, so don’t let that put you off. We believe officials just don’t like people camping in national parks that require payment to enter.

Join an organised tour

Alternatively, if you’d like to join an organised tour to visit an Eagle Hunter in Mongolia, we recommend booking on Viator. There’s a range of tours to choose from dependent on your budget.  

• Gobi Desert Mongolia Tour

Read more on Motorcycle Travel in Mongolia

Thanks for checking out our Guide to the Gobi Desert. We hope you enjoyed it! Here’s a few more articles on motorcycling in Mongolia that we recommend you read next. 

• All Mongolia Guides
• How to find an Eagle Hunter in Mongolia
• Top 10 things to do in Mongolia
• Asia Destination  Guides
• Motorcycle Rental in Mongolia

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