how to visit saudi arabia from uae

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Here’s What You Need to Know Before Visiting Saudi Arabia

For the first time in its history, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia announced that will be opening its doors for tourism by issuing an electronic visa for visitors coming from 49 countries — including the United States.

Anyone over the age of 18 can apply for an eVisa . It costs approximately $120 and is valid for a period of one year with an option for multiple entry, and permits a maximum stay of 90 days in the country. Previously, the Kingdom issued only visitor visas for religious pilgrimage and business visas. This monumental announcement is part of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s reform program, Vision 2030 , which aims to reduce the country’s reliance on oil and diversify its economy by way of tourism and entertainment.

Over the past two years, the government has also announced the launch of several ambitious projects, including an entertainment mega-city in Riyadh (reportedly, twice the size of Orlando’s Disney World ), a futuristic beach destination along the coast of the Red Sea, and restoration of UNESCO World Heritage sites. By 2030, the government expects 100 million annual visits, increased foreign and domestic investment in hotels and associated amenities, the creation of million jobs, and an increase in tourism revenue from the current 3% to 10% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product, according to Reuters.

To attract Western tourists and market itself as a tourist destination — on par with neighboring Gulf states— Saudi Arabia has eased some of its conservative restrictions, like granting women rights to drive and travel without a guardian, curbing the powers of the moral police, permitting unmarried tourist couples to rent hotel rooms, and relaxing dress codes.

Within the first 10 days of the introduction of the eVisa 24,000 visitors entered the Kingdom, according to Arab News . Although there is a lack of adequate tourism infrastructure, those curious to learn about and experience the country will find Saudi’s natural landscape and its welcoming locals incentive enough to visit.

If you find yourself heading to Saudi Arabia to explore the land uncharted to tourists, here are a few basic and cultural tips for first-time travelers to the Kingdom.

With this news, people are asking: Is Saudi Arabia Safe for tourists? Yes, Saudi Arabia is safe for tourists. As with travel to any other country in the world, be respectful of local rules and customs, be mindful of your surroundings, and carry out due diligence before traveling. Be sure to consult travel advisories before your trip.

Public spaces

Public spaces may be segregated, and you will find separate entrances or seating areas for men and women. Refrain from public displays of affection.

Seek permission before photographing locals. Under the public code of conduct , it is a punishable offense. Other offenses include vandalism of public property, playing music during prayer times, and dress code violations.

Female tourists are not required to wear the abaya (a cloak, previously mandated by the government). However, both men and women should dress modestly, avoiding tight fitting and revealing clothes in public. The official Visit Saudi tourism website provides further details on what this entails.

Stores and restaurants close during prayer times, five times a day. To make the most of your trip, plan your itinerary according to these times.

Saudi Arabia is a Muslim country. While non-Muslims are welcome and permitted to practice their religion in private spaces, preaching in public forums or on social media platforms is prohibited. Malicious propaganda against the country, government, and religion is a severe offense.

The sale, purchase or consumption of alcohol and drugs is illegal in the country.

Social customs

You will find locals to be hospitable, generous, and as equally curious about you as you may be about them. It is not uncommon to be invited to share a meal or a cup of gahwa (Arabic coffee) and dates. Your hosts — and even strangers — will want to extend their welcome and offer a token of their hospitality, like food or even a small gift. It is considered rude to refuse such an offering. Just remember, always accept and consume food and beverages with your right hand.

If you are invited into a Saudi house, remove your shoes, unless your host insists you keep them on. In a traditional Majlis, (a sitting hall with floor cushions) you are expected to sit on the floor. If hosted elsewhere, you can expect a modern setup with armchairs and other furniture.

Saudis encourage and welcome Westerners asking questions about their culture. To avoid offending local sensibilities, it's best to steer clear of political or religious topics of conversation.

Familiarizing yourself with Saudi rituals like greetings and handshakes will always make a favorable impression with your hosts. “Marhaban!” (Welcome) is a common way of greeting and you may respond with “Marhabtain” (I give you two welcomes).

Men shouldn’t extend a handshake to a Saudi woman, unless she does so first. To err on the side of caution, place your hand over your heart and greet with a hello.

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The Complexities of Traveling to Saudi Arabia

By Felicia Campbell

All products featured on Condé Nast Traveler are independently selected by our editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.

As the largest country in the Middle East , the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a rich and diverse landscape: It’s home to the ruins of the Nabatean Kingdom in Al-'Ula, the Rub' al Khali desert, luxurious beach resorts in Jeddah , and the mountains of Taif, where roses bloom alongside groves of the most sought-after dates in the world. The capital, Riyadh, offers a fascinating juxtaposition of ancient souks and modern skyscrapers, along with natural wonders like the cliffs of Edge of the World park just outside the city.

Historically, however, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia hasn’t been a tourist destination for Americans.

Until 2019, visas were only issued for official business purposes or for religious pilgrimages to Mecca . Conservative laws and dress codes were enforced by the mutawa (religious police) who made arrests for playing music, wearing too much makeup, or being seen in public with a member of the opposite sex. These laws began to change in 2017 when Mohamed bin Salman became the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia and launched Saudi Vision 2030 , a campaign to modernize the country and reduce the reliance on oil revenue. He stripped the power of the mutawa, and women were issued drivers' licenses for the first time. Additionally, movie theaters were built, international music festivals held, and tourist visas became available to visitors from 49 countries, including Americans.

These changes make it an exciting time in the Kingdom, with young Saudis enjoying newfound freedoms to connect with one another and with foreign visitors in public spaces that were for so long segregated. Around the world, social media feeds are being filled with images of this “new Saudi Arabia” as part of a massive marketing campaign by the Ministry of Tourism—it's just part of their plan to invest at least $800 billion by 2030 on everything from transportation infrastructure to entirely new cities.

Despite the intrigue of the newly opened country, there are also many things that haven’t changed and should be considered before booking a flight: significant gender disparity remains, alcohol is still illegal, and queer travelers will find a litany of laws that prevent them from existing as they would at home or, in some cases, at all—so-called “decency mandates” prevent men from wearing women's clothes for example, and trans travelers whose passports don't match their gender identity will likely be denied entry to the country. Even in situations where it might feel like no one is enforcing these rules, know that the government routinely monitors visitors' social media accounts, and compliance is expected for the entirety of your trip.

For some Americans, the cultural clashes feel too great to overcome. “Saudi Arabia is a controversial country to visit, and poses a real dilemma for many travelers,” says Justin Francis, co-founder and CEO of Responsible Travel. For Francis, however, that isn't necessarily a reason not to visit. “I strongly believe it is possible to travel responsibly in destinations with poor ethical records. Frankly, it would be hard to name a single destination with a clean record on the environment, animal welfare, and human rights.”

Anu Taranath, professor, racial equity consultant, and author of Beyond Guilt Trips: Mindful Travel in an Unequal World , also encourages people to look at their travel decisions from a wider perspective. “Well-meaning Americans become quite vexed when considering going to places where they know a bit about what’s happening to a certain population, but that same conversation, I haven’t seen about home,” says Taranath. “The U.S. has a terrible record of preserving the dignity of Black folks, so would we tell people not to visit? It’s a conversation that never seems to come up.”

She suggests that tourists can use their trips, instead, as opportunities to widen their own perspectives about the world. “It’s an incredible privilege,” she says. “My responsibility is to move through these places with care and grace and learn about lives that are not like mine."

Darrell Wade, co-founder and chair of travel group Intrepid, visited the Kingdom last year, and while he doesn’t feel the country is ready in terms of infrastructure for the brand's organized trips, he would personally return and thinks that the opening of tourism is a good thing for locals and visitors. “I think travel is always a positive force for change," says Wade. “As travelers, we learn about new cultures and ways, whilst the hosts of our destination countries also get to meet new people and learn from them.”

Booking a trip to a country whose laws and values may not align with your own is a personal decision. For those considering a visit to Saudi Arabia, these are some of the key issues American travelers may wonder about, with logistical pointers to keep in mind on the trip itself.

Nada al Nahdi  of Qairawan travel group in Jazan

Women's rights and modesty 

As part of the effort to introduce a more moderate version of Islamic law, in 2018 women were granted the right to drive, have a passport , travel abroad, live independently without the permission of a male guardian, and, most visibly, they are no longer required to cover their hair with hijab, nor wear the abaya robe or the niqab full face covering. Yet there are still some modesty requirements. It's important to note that most restrictions impact local women more than they do visitors, but travelers are still expected to abide by most laws.

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Kyler Alvord

Modesty is legally defined and required for locals and visitors, and what’s considered appropriate often depends on the venue. Some Saudi women in larger cities still wear an abaya, but many forgo any kind of head cover. Similar to religious sites throughout the world, there are expectations when entering a mosque: both men and women must be covered to the ankles and wrists and shoe-less, and women should cover their hair.

In general, women should wear loose-fitting clothes that don't show skin above the knee or elbow, and men shouldn’t go shirtless or wear tank tops. Shorts are uncommon across the board. 

Wearing clothing considered too revealing or anything that features offensive logos or slogans can result in a fine of 100 SAR/$26 (doubled for subsequent violations). What’s considered offensive isn’t limited to showing too much skin, pornographic images, or drug-related or profane slogans, it is also illegal to try to promote a religion other than Islam. That means wearing a crucifix or any other religious iconography should be avoided.

Olga Aymerich, a research officer for the United Nations in Iraq, was among the first to travel to the Kingdom when tourist visas became available in 2019. She says she observed that the way women dressed varied widely, even between neighborhoods of large cities like Jeddah and Riyadh, so she wore an abaya over her clothes, either open or closed, to avoid standing out. “I just felt more comfortable that way,” she says, adding that she didn’t cover her hair except when visiting religious sites.

Ellie Quinn detailed her time in the Kingdom on her blog, The Traveling Quinn , where she suggests female travelers purchase a robe-like abaya online ahead of time or at any mall upon arrival—good quality, black abayas made with a breathable material are generally available for around $25 (100 SAR), though you'll also find colorful and patterned options.

At gender-segregated public beaches, women swim in burkinis (which look like wetsuits) or in their abayas, and men keep their shirts on. However, at a growing number of private beaches, guests can wear bikinis and swim trunks. It’s a good idea to call ahead to find out what the specific dress codes are as some beaches in Jeddah, at the other end of the spectrum, do not allow abayas. 

Gender segregation

Today, unrelated men and women can legally interact with one another in some some public spaces, like malls and coffee shops—yet there are still gendered spaces, from female-only gyms to restaurants in smaller villages that have separate entrances and dining rooms for families and men.

Even at the Ritz-Carlton Riyadh, where Wade recently stayed with his wife, the duo learned that the swimming pool and spa were for men only. “When I asked if there were special hours for women, or another complex somewhere, I just got a ‘Sorry, there are no facilities for women’,” Wade says. He hopes—and expects—that this will change with the greater arrival of international tourism.

As public interactions between men and women are slowly becoming normalized, physical affection between couples still needs to be kept strictly behind closed doors. That means avoiding touching of any kind between opposite genders when in public. Holding hands, kissing, or hugging in public are considered “acts of a sexual nature,” and could incur a 3,000 SAR fine (about $800) for the first offense and a 6,000 SAR for a repeat offense. It is one of 19 public decency offenses punishable by fine , along with things like failure to pick up after your pet (100 SAR/$26) and littering or spitting (500 SAR/ $133). 

When meeting someone of the opposite gender, it is customary to place a hand to heart, rather than extending it for a handshake. Conversely, those of the same gender will often greet one another with a hug or a kiss on each cheek. In Bedouin tradition, some men touch noses. Visitors should follow the lead of the local.

Travelers in the Saudi Arabian desert

LGBTQ+ issues

In Saudi Arabia, same-sex marriage is not recognized and homosexual acts are punishable by law, as are any activities seen as disrupting public order and religious values. Social media posts depicting a homosexual relationship can be prosecuted as a cybercrime—making it especially important that queer travelers who decide to visit set profiles to private before arriving. 

Some may question why LGBTQ+ visitors would want to visit any of the 69 U.N. member countries that criminalize homosexuality at all. Stefan Arestis and Sebastien Chaneac, who run the travel blog The Nomadic Boys to help inspire and inform gay travelers , have traveled to many of them, including Singapore , Malaysia, and Dubai. The couple have yet to visit the Kingdom, and whether or not to go is a topic of debate between them.

“It’s easy to have an attitude of ‘OMG, I would never dare go to a place that wants to throw me in jail, better to boycott them and spend my hard-earned dollars in a place that welcomes me’," says Arestis. “This way of thinking risks doing more harm than good. It’s more productive to get out there and support the local LGBTQ community ."

Meanwhile, Chaneac isn't convinced it's safe for them to do so. “The opening of tourism is a great thing, because with more tourism, there will be more LGBTQ+ visibility, and that could start to change things," says Chaneac. "But when you’re a gay person, you have to think of other things, like whether the law is on your side.”

Arestis notes that in most places that criminalize homosexuality like Dubai, travelers benefit from a double standard and are rarely penalized for violating local law—but Saudi Arabia is different and the penalties are known for being much more severe and should be taken at face value. “We suggest going back in the closet,” says Arestis. 

Parvez Sharma, a gay Indian-American filmmaker who traveled to Saudi Arabia to complete the hajj, an experience he chronicled in the 2015 documentary A Sinner in Mecca, feels this pilgrimage is a beautiful and essential activity for Muslims like himself, but sees that as separate from general tourism.

“People save their entire lives to make the pilgrimage—for Muslims, we have to disregard our feelings [about the Saudi government] and focus on the religious aspects of the journey," Sharma says. He says he wouldn't visit if he didn't have the religious obligation. 

According to the private, conservative societal norms, no one will ask about sexual orientation. “There is a thriving gay scene, very underground, and it would be fascinating to see," says Arestis. "If you are not a public figure online, then there is nothing stopping you from going. You just have to be careful and set your social media as private, and perhaps have a rehearsed girlfriend in case it comes up. But people need to understand that if something happens, if they have an interaction, if they are caught meeting or kissing [someone of the same gender], there is no one to protect them.”

Journalism, photography, and freedom of speech

Put simply, Saudi Arabia is a monarchy, where democratic principles of freedom of press and speech do not apply. According to Reporters Without Borders, a group that advocates for press freedom around the world, over 30 editors, writers, and photographers are currently imprisoned for statements in articles, photographs, and even social media posts that were seen as critical of the government. American intelligence agencies have concluded that the government of Saudi Arabi orchestrated the murder of U.S.-based Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a notable dissident of the regime.

While tourists will not likely be writing critical op-eds while in the Kingdom, it is important to note that it is illegal to criticize the government, the royal family, or the Muslim faith in any way, either verbally or on social media. Politics, religion, and sex should not be discussed in a public setting or online, and cursing at someone or using foul language is a fine-able offense, as is using rude gestures.

“It's important to remember you’re a guest,” says Francis. “You’ve chosen to visit, so [you have to] play by the rules of your host country. It’s natural to want to ask questions, but you won’t be helping local people by interrogating them—free speech doesn’t exist here, and you could put them in a very difficult position.”

The most common offense that visitors are cited for in the Kingdom is unauthorized photography : Photographing a person (especially a woman) without permission or taking photos of an accident or crime is illegal and can result in a hefty fine (1,000 SAR/ $266). It is important to be particularly cautious in crowded areas like traditional markets, where it is easy to inadvertently take a photo of someone.

An ancient city in Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Other things to keep in mind when planning a trip to Saudi Arabia

Restrictions for non-Muslim visitors

Mecca is the one city that remains off-limits to non-Muslim tourists. Mecca and Medina are the two holiest cities for Muslims who visit for the Umrah and Hajj pilgrimages. The latter is obligatory for every Muslim who is financially and physically able to make the trip, so roughly 2 million pilgrims travel to Mecca for the Hajj each year, and these visits require a religious visa.

For other travelers interested in visiting a religious site, Jeddah is a better option, as it is home to the only four mosques in the country that allow non-Muslim visitors to enter: Al Taqwa Mosque, the Al Rahma Mosque on the Red Sea, Moroccan-style King Fahd Mosque, and the King Saud Mosque, a nearly 10,000 square meter structure designed by Egyptian architect Abdel Wahed Al Wakil, who is considered the most prominent living authority on modern Islamic architecture.

Prayer timing and Ramadan

Throughout Saudi Arabia, some shops and restaurants will close for 15 to 30 minutes during the five prayer times each day though the latest laws do allow many to stay open at this time. Prayer times change throughout the year according to sunrise and sunset, so check the daily prayer times online or in the local newspaper and plan around them. Playing music during prayers, even in the car or home, is illegal.

It is best to avoid visiting during Ramadan when it is forbidden to eat, drink, or smoke in public from sunrise to sunset. Many shops and restaurants close during the day or operate on shortened schedules, and some tourist attractions shutter for the month. The dates of Ramadan are based on the lunar calendar and change each year.

Nightlife has a different meaning in Saudi Arabia, as alcohol is illegal. The cities come alive after dark, and many coffee shops, shisha patios, and dessert cafes are open until 2 a.m. or later. Families walk the corniche or have evening picnics in the parks, and malls bustle with activity. Restaurants are generally open late to accommodate the lifestyle.

Tour guides

The best way to enjoy the history, culture and natural beauty of Saudi Arabia is to come prepared with a good understanding of the local laws and customs and a willingness to abide by them—a local guide can help you do that, particularly if you don't speak Arabic, and most hotels can provide recommendations of people for hire. Aymerich suggests hiring a new guide in each destination to make sure you’re getting the benefit of hyper-local insights and so you don’t get stuck with someone you’re not happy with for the entirety of your trip. Guides can also arrange for transportation if you want to get out of the city to explore more far flung locations.

To help single female travelers navigate Saudi Arabia, Nada al Nahdi , a Yemeni-Indonesian female traveler and blogger, who was born and raised in the Kingdom, and local Esraa Rayes organize female group travel throughout the country via their company, Qairawan . 

Due to the pandemic, there are no more visas issued on arrival, but e-visas are quickly approved for American travelers. The online application includes the option to purchase mandatory insurance for 140 SAR/$37 and pay the visa fee of 300 SAR/ $80. The e-visa typically is emailed within minutes and is valid for one-year with multiple entries and stays of up to 90-days at a time. ( Proof of vaccination and a negative PCR test, taken no more than 72-hours prior to traveling to the Kingdom, are also required as of January 2021.)

“The visa process was so easy, but that was the only thing that was well organized,” Aymerich said, adding that visitors should be prepared to be amenable to changes in their itineraries once they're in the country. “You need to be flexible, willing to ask people for advice, and a little bit lucky. If you are looking for an easy trip, this isn’t it—but if you’re ready for an adventure, to experience new things, there is so much to see in Saudi Arabia, and the people are wonderful and excited to share their culture.”

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Driving from uae to saudi arabia residents don’t need to get out of car for border checks, thousands of people travel to saudi via road every month for umrah or to meet their loved ones and friends.

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A new system has been introduced in the UAE that enables citizens and residents to effortlessly cross the Al Ghuwaifat border without stepping out of their vehicles. The Federal Authority for Identity, Citizenship, Customs, and Ports Security (ICP) showcased the Smart Land Borders Crossing system in the ongoing Gitex Global exhibition.

The Ghuwaifat border serves as a vital link between the UAE and Saudi Arabia via a key road crossing. Each month, thousands of UAE nationals and residents embark on journeys to Saudi Arabia, whether for Umrah, religious tourism, or simply to reunite with friends and loved ones. With this innovative system in place, travelling to the neighbouring country will not only be seamless but significantly faster.

In order to use the Smart Land Borders Crossing system, motorists must have their cars registered under their names. The system will scan the car number plate and open the first barrier for the driver. In the second step, people will scan their passports, Emirates ID and biometrics or facial recognition. Once the ICP system verifies the data, the second barrier will open and allow the motorists to exit the country.

If the system fails to verify the individual, the person has to park the vehicle and take the traditional route of going to immigration for verification to exit the country.

The ICP representative at the Gitex pavilion told Khaleej Times that the current system accepts a maximum of two people in the car. “We are working on the programme to allow more people in a car to use this system,” said the representative.

The system is currently in operation exclusively at the Al Ghuwaifat border. However, as the next phase of this transformative initiative unfolds, it is set to extend its reach to other border crossings near Oman.

Gitex Global, the world’s largest technology exhibition, is taking place at the Dubai World Trade Centre where more than 6,000 companies and startups are showcasing their latest products.

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Saudi Arabia Travel Advisory

Travel advisory january 24, 2024, saudi arabia - level 3: reconsider travel.

Updated after periodic review to provide information on the risk of arrest due to social media use and the importation of prohibited items.

Reconsider travel to Saudi Arabia due to  the threat of missile and drone attacks.   Exercise increased caution in Saudi Arabia due to  terrorism, the risk of arrest based on social media activity, and importation of prohibited items.  Some areas have increased risk.  Read the entire Travel Advisory.

Do not travel to the following locations due to the threat of  missile and drone attacks  and  terrorism :

• Within 50 miles of the Saudi-Yemen border, as well as the cities of Abha, Jizan, Najran, and Khamis Mushayt;
• Abha airport;
• Qatif in the Eastern Province and its suburbs, including Awamiyah.

Country Summary : U.S. government personnel under Chief of Mission responsibility must adhere to the above travel restrictions.  As such, the U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in these locations.

Missile and drone attacks perpetrated by Iran and Iran-supported militant groups have occurred as recently as September 2023.  The Islamic Republic of Iran has in the past supplied Yemen-based Houthis and regional proxy groups with weapons to conduct destructive and sometimes lethal attacks using drones, missiles, and rockets against a variety of Saudi sites, including critical infrastructure, civilian airports, military bases, and energy facilities throughout the country, as well as vessels in Red Sea shipping lanes.  Past attacks were aimed at targets throughout Saudi Arabia including Riyadh, Jeddah, Dhahran, Jizan, Khamis Mushayt, the civilian airport in Abha, Al Kharj, military installations in the south, as well as oil and gas facilities.

Debris from intercepted drones and missiles has also represented a significant risk to civilian areas and populations in the recent past.  Militant groups have threatened to conduct attacks against locations in Saudi Arabia.  U.S. citizens living and working near military bases and critical civilian infrastructure, particularly near the border with Yemen, are at heightened risk if missile, drone, or rocket attacks reoccur.

Terrorism continues to be a concern in Saudi Arabia.  Attacks can occur with little or no warning.  Past attacks have targeted tourist locations, large gatherings, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, and local government facilities.  Terrorists are also known to time attacks around major holidays and/or in response to military operations.  Terrorists have targeted both Saudi and international interests, mosques and other religious sites (both Sunni and Shia), and places frequented by U.S. citizens.

Be advised that social media commentary – including past comments – which Saudi authorities may deem critical, offensive, or disruptive to public order, could lead to arrest .  This may include posting, re-posting, or liking comments about Saudi institutions, policies, and public life.  U.S. citizens have been convicted for social media activity under Saudi laws concerning cybercrime, terrorism, and disrupting public order.  Punishment for social media activity has included prison sentences of up to 45 years in some cases.  Saudi courts do not necessarily consider the timeframe of the posts or the location from which they were made to be material to these cases.

The importation of drugs (including marijuana), drug paraphernalia, alcohol, weapons, pork, or any materials that could be considered pornographic or suggestive, is prohibited.   Penalties for drug possession, consumption, and trafficking are severe by U.S. standards.  An extensive list of banned items is available on our Saudi Arabia country information page .

Due to risks to civil aviation operating within the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman region, including Saudi Arabia, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued an advisory Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM).  For more information U.S. citizens should consult the  Federal Aviation Administration’s Prohibitions, Restrictions and Notices .

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Saudi Arabia.

If you decide to travel to Saudi Arabia:

• Visit our website for information on  travel to high-risk areas .
• Stay alert in large crowds and/or locations frequented by foreign nationals.
• Obtain comprehensive medical insurance that includes medical evacuation.
• Review local laws and conditions before traveling, including our Saudi Arabia country information on arrest notification and the Department of State’s general information on arrests of U.S. citizens abroad .
• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program  ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Follow the U.S. Embassy in Saudi Arabia on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report   for Saudi Arabia.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.
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Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting highlights: Shawwal crescent NOT sighted in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE. Eid on April 10

During the total solar eclipse tonight, the sun will briefly get completely cloaked by the moon and will be aligned with the Earth in a straight line, leading to darkness during the daytime in several countries, as the moon will block the sun completely and a result of this, the sighting of the Shawwal crescent moon to mark the end of Ramadan 2024 and beginning of Eid-ul-Fitr may be delayed until April 09, 2024. The sun will remain cloaked for a total of four minutes, during which its enigmatic outer layer will be illuminated.

Since the Middle East, USA, UK, Canada etc started fasting on March 11, 2024, the Supreme Court in Saudi Arabia had called on all Muslims throughout the Kingdom to sight the new crescent moon on the evening of Monday, Ramadan 29, 1445 Hijri, corresponding to April 8, 2024, that would mark the end of Ramadan and the onset of the month of Shawwal. The Shawwal crescent moon was not sighted by the Muslims in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Egypt, Turkey, Iran and other countries in the Middle East on April 8 evening, after breaking the Ramadan fast at maghrib or evening payers hence, chand raat there will be on Tuesday, April 09 and the day of Eid-ul-Fitr will be celebrated the next day i.e. on April 10, 2024, indicating that Muslims will observe a 30-day fast this Ramadan instead of 29 days.

As per Indian time, the total solar eclipse on April 08, 2024 will take place from 9:12pm to 2:22am, in between which, Muslims across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, USA, United Kingdom, UAE, Qatar and in other countries were gearing up to sight the crescent moon of Shawwal that will mark the end of Ramadan 2024 and the day of Eid-ul-Fitr this year as it is celebrated on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, after the sighting of the new moon or crescent moon. It is a major Islamic festival where "Eid" means "celebration" and "Fitr" means "breaking of the fast" and is celebrated by Muslims worldwide but the exact date of the festival varies each year, as Islam follows a lunar calendar that is based on the sighting of the new moon and this year, Ramadan was expected to get over on Monday, April 08 with a treat for sky gazers and celestial body lovers since the new moon occurring on April 08 was anticipated to be seen with a total solar eclipse in specific locations on Earth.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in the United Kingdom

With the edges of western Europe slated to experience a partial eclipse tonight, some areas in the British Isles - mostly western Scotland and Ireland - will be able to see part of the moon moving in front of the sun but although the new moon will become visible as a dark circle silhouetted against the blazing surface of the sun, it is the first slim crescent forming around the moon's edge that observers must report before Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 is declared. According to Birmingham Mail, Midlands-based moonsighting expert Dr Zahid Nawaz said, "There is a total solar eclipse on Monday, April 8, which will impact the visibility of the Shawwal crescent moon this year. This impacts only those countries who attempt to sight the crescent. However, those who follow astronomical calculations will also be impacted as the moon sets before sunset on Monday."

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in US

The United States Naval Observatory reportedly stated, "The sighting of the lunar crescent within one day of new moon is usually difficult. The crescent at this time is quite thin, has a low surface brightness, and can easily be lost in the twilight. Generally, the lunar crescent will become visible to suitably-located, experienced observers with good sky conditions about one day after new moon. However, the time that the crescent actually becomes visible varies quite a bit from one month to another. Naked-eye sightings as early as 15.5 hours after new moon have been reliably reported while observers with telescopes have made reliable reports as early as 12.1 hours after new moon."

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in Canada

The moon sighting for Eid-ul-Fitr in Canada is anticipated to take place on Tuesday, April 9. If the Shawwal crescent is not sighted on Tuesday, Eid will be celebrated on Wednesday, April 10, 2024.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in Australia

The Australian Fatwa Council has confirmed that the Shawwal crescent will be born on Tuesday, April 9, 2024, at specific times in Sydney and Perth and it will be the last day of Ramadan while Eid-ul-Fitr will be celebrated on Wednesday, April 10, 2024.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in Qatar

First day of Shawwal and Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 will be on Wednesday, April 10 in Qatar.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in Pakistan

In Pakistan, Ruet-e-Hilal Committee to meet on Tuesday evening for Shawwal moon sighting as the Met Office has predicted that Eid ul Fitr may fall on April 10 since the Shawwal moon is expected to be sighted on April 9. Pakistan's Meterological Department predicted that the crescent would be born on April 08 at 11:21pm and it would be aged between 19 and 20 hours the next day around Maghrib prayer and the crescent could be spotted for over 50 minutes around sundown.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon sighting in Morocco

Morocco’s Islamic Affairs Ministry announced that the crescent moon sighting for Eid Al Fitr will take place on Tuesday.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Shawwal crescent moon NOT sighted in Saudi Arabia, Eid on April 10

The crescent moon was NOT sighted in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, Eid-ul-Fitr will be celebrated on Wednesday, April 10 2024.

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: 30 Best SMS, Eid WhatsApp messages, quotes, wishes, Facebook status to wish Eid Mubarak to loved ones

Eid-Ul-Fitr 2024: Check out this list of best SMS, Eid WhatsApp messages, quotes, wishes and Facebook status to wish your family and friends ‘Eid Mubarak’

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting: Statement by Saudi Meteorology on Shawwal crescent sighting expectations tonight, amid total lunar eclipse 

Saudi Meteorology has just issued this statement: “We expect that visibility will not be good for seeing the Shawwal crescent in Central regions, Sudair and Tumair due to heavy clouds.” It added, “Today, the weather is suitable for observing the Eid al-Fitr crescent in the north and west of the Kingdom.”

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting: Preparations begin to sight the Shawwal crescent in Saudi Arabia.

Preparations begin to sight the Shawwal crescent in Saudi Arabia at the main observatories of Sudair and Tumair.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting: Will Shawwal crescent moon be sighted tonight amid total lunar eclipse?

As per the predictions of astronomers, it is very likely for this Ramadan to be 30 days however, as per the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), an attempt will be made to sight the crescent moon which will mark the end of Ramadan fasting and the beginning of the month of Shawwal with Eid-ul-Fitr as its first day.

From kebabs to haleem: A foodie's guide to celebrating Eid in India

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Click here to explore the diverse and delectable dishes that grace the tables of homes and eateries across the nation during this joyous occasion.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Decor ideas to create a festive atmosphere at home

Here are some unique decor ideas that will help you create a festive atmosphere at home and make your Eid celebrations truly memorable.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Thoughtful gift ideas for your loved ones

Here are some thoughtful gift ideas for Eid-ul-Fitr to express your love and appreciation.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 travel: From Saudi Arabia to Indonesia, 7 top destinations to experience festive vibes

Eid-ul-Fitr: Explore our curated list of top travel destinations where you can immerse yourself in festive vibes and create cherished memories with loved ones.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 and diabetes: How to manage blood sugar levels during the festivities

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Health experts share tips for diabetics to keep a close eye on your blood sugar levels to avoid any health complications amid festive feasting

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 travel guide: 5 tips for navigating crowds and booking affordable getaways

Get ready to make the most of Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 with these essential travel tips , designed to help you navigate crowds and secure budget-friendly getaways.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: From nihari gosht to shahi tukda, 3 lip-smacking recipes for a delicious Eid celebration

Get ready to celebrate the joyous occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr with our delectable recipe collection that captures the essence of this auspicious festival. Click here to check them out

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Date, history, significance, and all you need to know about the Islamic festival and its celebrations

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Eid marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan and is also known as Eid-al-Fitr or Meethi Eid. Click here to know its date, history and significance.

Health tips for Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Balancing festive feasts with wellness to have a healthy Eid

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: From staying hydrated to avoiding late night dinners, here are a few ways to balance festivities with wellness.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 fitness routine: 12 ways to stay active and healthy during celebrations

Over-indulging in Eid delicacies and reduced activity levels during this festive time can affect your wellness. Here are fitness tips to ensure good health.

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 travel health tips: Staying safe and healthy while on the go

Since Eid-ul-Fitr is during summer this year, here are travel health tips that you must not forget, especially when going abroad and adjusting to new time zones

Eid sleep tips: Ensuring restful sleep for overall health post Laylatul Qadr in Ramadan 2024

Catch up on rest and rejuvenate with these sleep tips for a refreshed post-Ramadan 2024 or Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 celebration

Hydration during Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: Tips for optimal water intake after a month of Ramadan fasting

Hydration is crucial in Eid-ul-Fitr, as there are changes in eating habits and increased physical activity post Ramadan. Here are tips for optimal water intake

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 fashion guide: 8 trendy styling tips for achieving a perfect festive look

Get ready to shine this Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 with our special fashion guide. Click here to discover tips for achieving a flawless look that blends tradition with modern flair.

Managing stress during Eid-ul-Fitr 2024: 8 tips to avoid last-minute rush and maintain mental well-being

Managing stress during Eid-ul-Fitr, or any festive occasion, involves a combination of planning, self-care and maintaining a positive mindset. Click here for expert tips on how to manage stress, avoid last-minute rush and maintain mental well-being ahead of or during Eid-ul-Fitr

Eid Special: 10 most beautiful mosques in the world

As the world gets ready to celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr, let’s discover some of the most beautiful mosques in the world. Click here to explore

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting date in Saudi Arabia, India: When is chand raat, Eid in Saudi, UAE, India, Pakistan, US

Eid-ul-Fitr 2024 moon sighting date: Click here to know when is chand raat and Ramadan Eid in Saudi Arabia, UAE, India, Pakistan, US, UK and other countries this year

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When is Eid al-Fitr 2024 and how is it celebrated?

The three-day festival celebrates the completion of the fasting month of Ramadan by Muslims across the world.

As a new moon was not sighted on Monday evening after Maghrib prayers, Muslims in Saudi Arabia and neighbouring countries will fast one more day, completing 30 days of Ramadan. The first day of Eid will then be celebrated on Wednesday, April 10.

The first day of Eid al-Fitr is determined by the sighting of the crescent moon marking the start of the month of Shawwal, the 10th month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar.

Keep reading

A ramadan no palestinian will ever forget, the cost of a ramadan iftar meal around the world, ramadan 2024: where do your dates come from, in washington, dc: celebrating ramadan, protesting israel’s siege of gaza.

Lunar months last between 29 and 30 days so Muslims usually have to wait until the night before Eid to verify its date.

Other countries follow independent sightings.

When the sighting has been verified, Eid is declared on television, radio stations and at mosques.

How do Muslims celebrate Eid?

Traditionally, Eid is celebrated for three days as an official holiday in Muslim-majority countries. However, the number of holiday days varies by country.

Muslims begin Eid day celebrations by partaking in a prayer service that takes place shortly after dawn, followed by a short sermon.

On their way to the prayer, which is traditionally held in an open area, Muslims recite takbeerat, praising God by saying “Allahu Akbar”, meaning “God is great”.

It is customary to eat something sweet before the prayer, such as date -filled biscuits known as maamoul in the Middle East. This particular festival is known as the “sweet” Eid – and the distribution of sweets is common across the Muslim world.

Muslims usually spend the day visiting relatives and neighbours and accepting sweets as they move around from house to house.

Each country has traditional desserts and sweets that are prepared before Eid or on the morning of the first day.

Children, dressed in new clothes, are offered gifts and money to celebrate the joyous occasion.

Girls and women in many countries decorate their hands with henna. The celebration for Eid begins the night before as women gather in neighbourhoods and large family gatherings for the application of henna.

In some countries, families visit graveyards to offer their respects to departed family members right after the morning prayers.

It is common for Muslim-majority countries to decorate their cities with lights and hold festivities to commemorate the end of the fasting month.

Eid amid the onslaught in Gaza

For some 2.3 million Palestinians in Gaza this Eid, this will be the first Muslim religious holiday after more than 33,000 people have been killed in Israeli attacks. With little food aid, and very limited water, Gaza’s Eid al-Fitr will be mired in destruction amid the continuing attacks.

What are common Eid greetings?

The most popular greeting is “Eid Mubarak” (Blessed Eid) or “Eid sa’id” (Happy Eid). Eid greetings also vary depending on the country and language.

The video below shows how people say Eid Mubarak in different languages around the world.

Analysis: The Hidden Rivalry of Saudi Arabia and the UAE

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The Hidden Rivalry of Saudi Arabia and the UAE

The two countries look like allies—but are increasingly regional competitors..

• Middle East and North Africa

The Israel-Hamas war unfolded amid an apparent regional trend of peaceful coexistence. The Middle East’s transformation along these lines has been represented by the seemingly ever-closer alliance between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, as symbolized by the apparent friendship between their respective de facto leaders, Mohammed bin Salman and Mohamed bin Zayed. The two countries united to counter Qatar’s expanding soft power in the Arab world, as exemplified by the unsuccessful blockade they imposed on it in 2017. They have been on the same side in their military campaign against the Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen since 2014. And they have mutually approached Beijing and Moscow, adopting a more independent policy that diverges from their traditional alliance with the United States.

But what lurks beneath the surface of this apparent fraternal alliance is a quiet struggle, as both countries vie for leadership within the Arab world. Behind the scenes, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are waging an active geoeconomic competition in multiple dimensions.

First, there is a massive competition for foreign investment. The rivalry traces back to 2009, when Abu Dhabi objected to the proposed location of the headquarters for a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) central bank in Riyadh, which ultimately played a role in thwarting the establishment of the bank itself. Between 2012 and 2022, the UAE’s influx of investment-to-GDP has been nearly 3.5 times greater than that of Saudi Arabia, and Dubai has become the favored location for some 70 percent of Middle Eastern headquarters of major multinational companies. Meanwhile, the surge in oil prices in 2022, thanks to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, propelled the Saudi economy to grow by 8.7 percent , the highest among G-20 countries, which has produced its own substantial influx of capital. And Saudi Arabia has actively encouraged foreign companies operating in the Persian Gulf area to relocate their headquarters to its territory, issuing warnings that companies failing to relocate their headquarters risk discontinuation of business relations with Riyadh.

Energy politics between Saudi Arabia (the world’s largest oil exporter) and the UAE (the fifth-largest) has further intensified this competition. In the summer of 2021, a clear dispute emerged between Riyadh and Abu Dhabi regarding a Saudi-led plan within OPEC+ to prolong production cuts , with the UAE rejecting the proposition. Although an apparent resolution to this tension was quickly achieved, subsequent rumors circulated regarding Abu Dhabi’s objection to Riyadh’s dominance within OPEC+ and the potential consideration of withdrawal from OPEC.

The competition for global prestige has also driven a wedge between Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Both countries are strategically investing in efforts to augment their soft power by hosting prominent international gatherings. Saudi Arabia has established the Future Investment Initiative conference, while Abu Dhabi has played host to the World Investment Forum, an annual event organized by the United Nations. Both forums and conferences serve as platforms to convene global leaders and investors, facilitating the proposal of innovative solutions to global challenges. After the UAE convened Expo 2020 in Dubai, the first of its kind in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia made history by securing the rights to host Expo 2030. Furthermore, Dubai was chosen as the venue for the pivotal annual U.N. climate change conference last year. This commitment to summit hosting continues, with Abu Dhabi set to host the World Trade Organization ministerial conference in February. Following Qatar’s successful hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Riyadh has undertaken initiatives to elevate the profile of its national soccer league by attracting elite players. Since early 2021, Saudi Arabia has committed a minimum of $6.3 billion in sports agreements , surpassing the total expenditure of the preceding six years by more than fourfold. It could be the first manifestation of the geopolitics of soccer in the new era. Dubai has been recognized for its relatively open, cosmopolitan society, attracting celebrities to host concerts and performances. This privilege, however, is no longer exclusive to the UAE. In December 2023, Riyadh successfully hosted MDLBEAST Soundstorm, marking the largest music festival in the Middle East. Collectively, these endeavors reflect the deliberate efforts made by these two countries to reshape their international image and promote positive perceptions of themselves on the global stage.

The last and the most pivotal competition pertains to the “vision” strategies pursued by the two countries. The UAE, having embarked on its diversification journey years ago, has established itself as a global transportation and business hub through strategic initiatives related to the ports of Khalifa and Jebel Ali, complemented by the success of its air carrier Emirates. Nevertheless, Mohammed bin Salman launched Vision 2030, an ambitious road map for Saudi economic diversification, in 2016. The flagship project within this vision is the NEOM initiative, a multibillion-dollar endeavor aimed at positioning Saudi Arabia as the preeminent infrastructure, transportation, technology, business, and financial hub in the region. Riyadh has also committed more than $100 billion to transform itself into a sea and air logistics hub, marked by the initiation of Riyadh Air. This involves challenging the dominance of Emirati ports through substantial investments in the Jeddah Islamic Seaport, slated to become the largest and busiest port in the Middle East and North Africa region. Phrased differently, the “vision” competition has propelled Riyadh and Abu Dhabi into a modernization and diversification race, often at the expense of each other.

Interestingly, rapprochement with Iran might intensify this competition. The Beijing-led detente between Tehran and Riyadh has effectively eliminated the primary shared threat in the region for Saudi Arabia and the UAE, thereby reducing the long-standing geopolitical conflicts between the northern and southern parts of the Persian Gulf. Moving forward, the region may enter a new era where the focus shifts from geopolitical competition between Iran and the GCC to geoeconomic competition between Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Both countries are also adopting trade policies that amount to direct challenges to each other. In July 2021, Saudi Arabia implemented protectionist policies to bolster its local industrial production. These regulations stipulate that goods manufactured in free zones or utilizing Israeli inputs are excluded from preferential tariff concessions. This stance directly challenges the economic free zones that constitute a cornerstone of the Emirati economy. These regulations, designed to attract foreign investors to establish businesses within the country, stand as a clear rebuttal to the growing trade relations between the UAE and Israel.

Policy toward Israel is another potential terrain for divergence. While the UAE officially recognized Israel in 2020, Saudi Arabia has refrained so far from joining the Abraham Accords. Israel and the UAE strengthened bilateral relations by signing a comprehensive economic partnership agreement. This economic progress put Riyadh in a comparatively vulnerable position. The Israel-Hamas war has now decelerated the Saudi-Israeli normalization process; however, the dialogues will likely revive as Riyadh is supposed to be the cornerstone of the accords. It would not be surprising if Mohammed bin Salman sought additional concessions, particularly in nuclear programs and security guarantees, to normalize relations with Israel; such a move could then exert pressure on Mohamed bin Zayed’s Israel policy.

As the rift between Saudis and Emiratis widens, there is a likelihood that their improving relations with Moscow, Beijing, and even Iran may accelerate as a counterweight to each other. This, in turn, could weaken the effectiveness of the U.S. strategy in the Middle East and prompt a reevaluation by the White House of the region’s significance. Within this context, the alignment of Abu Dhabi and Riyadh with U.S. policies in the region should not be taken for granted. Just like the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war, the rising geoeconomic competition between Saudi Arabia and the UAE could challenge the simplistic view that the Middle East is destined to become more peaceful.

Arash Reisinezhad is a visiting fellow of the Middle East Center at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Mostafa Bushehri is the Charif Souki global energy fellow at Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy.

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UAE tourist visa and road travel from Saudi ARabia - Dubai Forum

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UAE tourist visa and road travel from Saudi ARabia

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Not sure about UAE but I know its possible to cross by land (across the Causeway) to Bahrain for people on visit visa. I would say the same would apply to UAE as far as the Saudi immigration exit rules are concerned.

Hmmmm thanks I would also think so but then you never know sometimes immigration rules are weird

Are sure Saudi visitor with multiple entry can enter to Bahrain thru King Fahad Causway ?

my family having visitor visa in KSA.

we are Indian citizen I am resident of KSA.

i use to travel to Bahrain thru causeway but i dont know about family visitor.

Please advise the procedure and process.

As I understand it, it's the exit from Saudi that could be troublesome, unless with a multiple exit and entry visa (or final exit visa).

Folks, you're all better off getting advice from your visa issuer/sponsors in cases like this. Even if a forum member posts something that suggests all is okay, the guys at the border may not read Trip Advisor.

To my knowledge you should have no problem crossing the border, and yes Federal Immigration can be painfully slow as I have experienced this once before.

The only issue you might face for you mother is dependent on the type of visa she has. If she has a single-entry visa and have entered before then she won’t be able to, but if she has a multiple entry visa and you are still in your allocated 30 or 90 days then she should have no problem. As for your wife being a KSA iqama holder she should be able to get an on-arrival visa.

Hope this helps.

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UAE-Saudi Arabia weekly flights soar 13.3% to 383 during Ramadan

A BU DHABI, 8th April, 2024 (WAM) -- Air travel between the UAE and Saudi Arabia is witnessing a noticeable surge amid increasing demand from those wishing to perform Umrah rituals during the holy month of Ramadan, reaching its peak during the last ten days of the holy month.

According to the General Civil Aviation Authority's (GCAA) statistics, there was an increase in the number of flights between the UAE and Saudi Arabia by 13.3 percent during March, which saw the beginning of Ramadan, to approximately 383 weekly flights, compared to around 338 weekly flights in February.

The authority explained that flydubai increased its flights to the Kingdom by 40 percent from 93 weekly flights in February to 130 flights in March, covering destinations such as Abha, Jazan, Neom, AlUla, Qaisumah, Dammam, Qassim, Hail, Hofuf, Jeddah, Riyadh, Madinah, Taif, Yanbu, Najran, and Tabuk.

The authority also noted that Etihad Airways increased its flights to the Kingdom by more than 22.2 percent from 63 flights in February to 77 flights in March, covering destinations such as Dammam, Jeddah, and Riyadh.

According to the GCAA, Emirates flights to the Kingdom reached approximately 67 weekly flights in March, covering Dammam, Jeddah, Madinah, and Riyadh, while Wizz Air Abu Dhabi operated about 21 weekly flights including Dammam and Madinah.

Meanwhile, flights operated by Air Arabia reached approximately 88 weekly flights covering Abha, Al Jowf, Dammam, Qassim, Hail, Jeddah, Madinah, Riyadh, Taif, Yanbu, and Tabuk.

Etihad Airways stated that during Ramadan and the Umrah season, from March 11 to April 7, the airline successfully transported around 45,000 passengers to its destinations in Saudi Arabia.

The airline highlighted Jeddah as the top choice for travelers among Etihad Airways' destinations in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan, with flights to Jeddah achieving a passenger occupancy rate exceeding 95 percent, reflecting high demand and service efficiency.

Most travellers visiting Saudi Arabia during this period were from the UAE, India, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Etihad Airways operates flights to three destinations in the Kingdom using a variety of aircraft, including Dammam and Riyadh using Airbus A320 aircraft, while flights to Jeddah are operated using Airbus A320, Boeing 777, and Boeing 787 aircraft.

As of March 15th, Etihad Airways has permanently increased its services to Jeddah and Riyadh. The airline now operates a total of 77 weekly flights, with 28 flights to Jeddah, 28 flights to Riyadh, and 21 flights to Dammam.