introduction of tourism management system

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Tourism Management - Introduction

• Tourism Management - Types
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• Tourism Management - Factors
• Tourism Management - Demand
• Tourism Mngmt - Motivation Factors
• Maslow's Pyramid of Motivation
• Consumer Behavior in Tourism
• Tourism Management - Plog's Model
• About Tourism Destinations
• Destination Awareness
• Tourism Management - Milieus
• Tourism Management Destination
• Tools for Destination Management
• Managing Tourism
• Tourism Management - Supply
• Tourism Functional Management
• Business Departments
• Market Segmentation
• Tourism Mngmt - Marketing Mix
• Tourism Mngmt - Products & Services
• Developing Product
• Product Development Phases
• Tourism Impacts, Trends, & Future
• Tourism Management - Impacts
• Tourism Mngmt - Trends & Future
• Tourism Management Resources
• Tourism Management - Quick Guide
• Tourism Management - Resources
• Tourism Management - Discussion
• Selected Reading
• UPSC IAS Exams Notes
• Developer's Best Practices
• Questions and Answers
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• Computer Glossary

Tourism has turned out to be an economic booster contributing to the economic development of many countries over the last few decades. People see holidays as a necessity, and not as luxury in the present scenario. Tourism calls for coordination and cooperation between travel agents, tour operators, and tourists. Tourism has a few major elements − destinations, attractions, sites, accommodation, and all ancillary services.

What is Tourism?

Tourism involves the activities of people travelling and staying in a place away from their home environment for leisure, business or other purposes.

Mathieson and Wall (1982) define tourism as follows −

"The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their usual places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs."

Tourism was mainly been traditional in its early form. With the evolution of cultures, economies, and knowledge, tourism took a different form called sustainable tourism with the aspect of well-planned tour, well-studied destination, and conservation of destination.

Factors that Motivate People to Travel

The most common reasons for the people to travel away from home are −

• To spend holidays leisurely
• To visit friends and relatives
• To attend business and professional engagements
• To get health treatment
• To undertake religious pilgrimages
• Any other personal motives

Traditional and Niche Tourism

The following table lists down a few points that differentiate traditional tourism from niche tourism −

What is Tourism Management?

It involves the management of multitude of activities such as studying tour destination, planning the tour, making travel arrangements and providing accommodation. It also involves marketing efforts to attract tourists to travel to particular destinations.

There is a subtle difference between just travelling and tourism.

Travelling is going from the place of residence or work to another distant or a neighboring place by any means of transport. Routine commutation can be termed as travelling.

Tourism is travelling with an objective. All tourism necessarily include travel but all travel does not necessarily include tourism. We can say, travelling is a subset of tourism.

One similarity between travel and tourism is, they both are temporary movements.

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• South Africa
• Sierra Leone
• Antigua & Barbuda
• Saint Barthelemy
• Bonaire St Eustatius
• Dominican Republic
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Cayman Islands
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Martin
• Puerto Rico
• Sint Maarten
• Turks & Caicos Islands
• Trinidad and Tobago
• Saint Vincent & Grenadines
• U.K. Virgin Islands
• U.S. Virgin Islands
• Brunei Darussalam
• South Korea
• Philippines
• Afghanistan

North America

Middle east.

• United Arab Emirates
• Palestinian Territory
• Saudi Arabia

South America

• Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
• French Guiana
• Cook Islands
• Northern Mariana Islands
• New Caledonia
• Norfolk Island
• New Zealand
• French Polynesia
• Papua New Guinea
• Solomon Islands
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Switzerland
• Czech Republic
• Faroe Islands
• United Kingdom
• Liechtenstein
• Netherlands

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Tourism management system.

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Tourism Management System - Simple. Automated. Intuitive

Trawex provides tourism management system that automates your entire workflow speed up sales and booking journey to deliver a better experience and increase revenue..

What is Tourism Management System?

A tourism management system (TMS) is a software system designed to help hotels, tour operators, travel agents, and other tourism service providers run and operate their enterprises. It is an entire platform that assists companies in streamlining processes, increasing efficiency, and improving customer support.

A TMS typically includes modules for reservations and bookings, customer relationship management, inventory management, accounting and billing, and reporting and analytics. It may also include marketing and advertising tools, internet booking capabilities, and integration with third-party systems like travel sites and payment gateways .

A TMS is designed to automate and ease the processes involved in running a tourism-related business. By implementing a TMS, businesses can reduce manual work, improve efficiency and accuracy, and provide better customer service. They can also gain insights into their operations through data analytics and reporting, which can help them make informed decisions to enhance their overall performance.

Planning travels or offering complete tour packages is not an easy feat. Several processes must be completed for the trip to go as smoothly as possible. Here, Trawex’s tourism management system comes to assistance. You can expect reliable assistance at each stage of travel operations.

Why do you need Tour Management Software?

Tourism Management System is integrated software developed for the tourism business. Travel Management Software is designed to assist travel agents, tour operators, destination management companies , and travel agencies in successfully responding to their customers’ requisites.

The online tour software is a smart choice to sell tours and activities on the website successfully. And every tour operator needs an automated system to upgrade and streamline their business for excellent customer service. It also saves time, allowing you to focus on improving the efficiency of your business.

Since it fulfill every essential need of a travel business, it can be used by anyone who is even closely associated with the tours and travel business. So, whether you operate a small tour operator business, an individual travel business, or a fully functional travel agency with numerous branches, Travel Automation System will assist you.

Integration with online booking technology, Online Travel Management Software is a full-service travel software solution that provides end-to-end solutions for travel reservations, hotel reservations, operations, back-office, contracts, and distribution systems.

Incorporating highly sophisticated intelligence tools means Travel Management Software (TMS) will help you acquire a better understanding of your client's needs, allowing you to create and conceptualize promotional campaigns based on their needs.

How Trawex helps your travel and tourism business?

Trawex, one of the leading travel tech companies, offers an excellent yet reliable Tourism Management System. Our tour operator software helps tour operators handle reservations, build travel itineraries, customize packages, and automate processes. Tour operators can use this software to streamline their business processes and enhance the client experience.

We offer cutting-edge Travel Management Software that makes it simple for travel companies and agents to schedule hotels and activities. An agent can book activities, packages, flights, and hotels directly from the system online.

Trawex offers Travel and Tour Management Software designed for travel agencies to manage quotes, itineraries, and packages for travel products - hotel, airline, tour, transfer, package, and activity - in real-time to accomplish 100% online bookings and optimize business revenue.

Additionally, Automated Travel Software has a responsive design for mobiles and tablets, allowing travel agencies to book accommodation, tour, transport, and activity reservations on both mobiles and websites.

Our tour operator software allows you to handle everything in one location and integrate with numerous suppliers seamlessly. Customers can schedule trips with numerous filter choices thanks to its simple and intuitive user interface. The software simply handles source data in a central location to provide effective results to the tourism industry.

Our Automated Travel Software allows your business to be more successful. So Get the free demo of Automated Travel System today and enjoy hassle-free management of online bookings at affordable prices.

Trawex's remarkable travel management module is one of a kind. It empowers the travel and tour industry with its simple yet robust set of features. The flawlessly built trip operation module makes it simple to accomplish client satisfaction and enhance their experience.

With this outstanding trip operation module , we aim to provide our customers with an out-of-the-world experience. A high-quality travel experience will further help the tourism business.

With our top-rated travel operation module, we are eager to provide outstanding travel booking solutions . Partner with us to serve your clients efficiently and hop onto the path of success!

Trawex's Travel Automation System is a cutting-edge online application software designed specifically for the needs of travel companies of all sizes and scales.

It is an automated system that helps to manage all travel-related tasks such as making and canceling bookings, managing inventory, package creation, online payments, reviewing sales, accounts management, and Global Distribution Service integration , etc.

In simple terms, this web application software is used to simplify business management processes and to reach out to consumers on a worldwide scale via the internet, thus increasing the possibility of increased sales.  

One of the key benefits of our easy-to-use Tourism Management System is travel automation. Any business can use travel automation to synchronize their complete back-office operations , allowing them to guarantee the smoothness of day-to-day operations, reduce workload, and even offer increased output without increasing overheads. All while saving time, money, and lowering the risk of human error.

This Travel Automation System from Trawex helps the tour operating companies to centralize the entire business process which reduces the manpower requirement and also reduces the turnaround time. The customer data, business reports, and invoices are stored in one place, and with access to this data, recognizing the status of your business becomes easy with an increase in efficiency.

Trawex is constantly involved in the development and enhancement of travel and tourism software solutions. We have online and offline travel solutions for travel and tourism businesses that can help your business thrive.

We have been developing travel reservation software , online travel software, and custom travel technology solutions for various kinds of tourist companies for over a decade. We have software tools to handle reservations, generate invoices, track payments, post your tour catalog, manage your packaged tour itineraries, and other aspects of the tourism business.

We guarantee that you will increase your productivity and decrease your time frame, which will benefit your business.

Travel Agency Software includes features and functionality such as multi-language support, multi-currency support, third-party supplier integration, travel CRM, back-office management, barcode scanning, hotel contracting, payment gateway integration, and mobile-friendly design to improve the client travel process and increase profitability.

For Your Clients: You can organize tours for both groups and individuals using our tour management system . It will assist your clients in making accommodation bookings, and airline reservations, and creating and customizing trip packages. It can help you enhance your tour and travel business.

For Your Travel Agency: You can manage your travel operators, and travel agents, streamline your sales and marketing processes, boost your services, manage accounts, and gain insight into your travel business.

What are the key features of tour operator management software?

Our Travel Automation System is loaded with features that will help you stay ahead of the competition and streamline your operations. Some of the key features are listed below:

Customized Tour Packaging: A business must do everything possible to retain consumers, including offering customized solutions. With this feature, the client can design their customized trip plan and schedule. They can choose their hotels, car type, sightseeing data, and other services from the system. All of this can be done from any device by any customer anywhere in the globe.

Create Attractive Itineraries: As a travel operator , you can use this system to create attractive itineraries that include stunning pictures of destinations, positive customer evaluations, special deals and offers, and everything else that could entice a customer. This improves client engagement and attraction, resulting in higher revenues for the business. 

Flexibility and scalability: The system is designed to meet all of your needs as they emerge and evolve with your growing business. With different and unique customer bases, operations, demands, and sizes of all business owners, the software also can be customized to meet the appropriate requirements with time and thus you can move ahead in your business with ease. 

Payment options for customers: Offering flexible payment choices to clients is an essential aspect to include in the system to improve customer ease and boost sales. Flexible payment options are a feature that the majority of travel customers look for while making an online booking.

User Registration: It is an amazing feature and the most crucial one for any travel automation software. The visitors on your portal create a profile with all the required details and gets secure login to engage on the portal. A user can register as a 'User,' 'Agent,' or 'Corporation,' depending on the type of interaction they plan to make with the site. This feature assists you in building a database with the details of their contact and other crucial details which can be used for growing your business.

Mobile accessibility and user-friendly: Mobile-friendly responsive design for easy browsing and accessing the website from all devices. Along with an easy-to-use interface that inspires customers to interact with the various options and generate the most pleasant experiences.

Around-the-clock availability: With an online travel booking portal , bookings can be made anytime from anywhere with ease. As the services will be available around the clock you do not need to be working all the time to receive a booking request. Consumers can book the activity as per their schedules.

What are the Top Modules of Travel Management Software?

The top modules of tour operator software are –

Flight module 

Flight management is extremely important for any travel business. The module allows you to access a wide range of flight/GDS APIs for further details. You can check the real-time availability of flights and proceed with booking.

Hotel module

One of the most vital components of travel management software is hotel booking. It is an essential module that is a critical part of every travel management system. It allows you to link to various hotel APIs . Following that, you can check out the real-time availability, pricing, etc., of various hotels.

Sightseeing management module

Another essential module that needs to be taken into consideration is the Sightseeing management module. This module connects you to a wide range of car and travel APIs . It allows simple and hassle-free vehicle booking after getting real-time information. You can book, reserve, and even cancel with ease.

Ticketing module

Keeping a track of the tickets associated with travel booking is crucial. For that, the ticketing module plays a significant role. The module keeps note of the ticket issued, confirmed, canceled, and redeemed. That way, you'll be able to schedule the full tour without any issues.

Payment gateways

Secured payment gateways are significant components of reliable travel agency software solutions . The in-built layered security aids in preventing fraud.

Key benefits of Tourism Management System:

Here are some key benefits of using TMS software:

Streamlined Operations: A tourism management system can help to streamline a travel business's various operations, such as bookings, scheduling, invoicing, and payment processing. This automation helps to reduce the workload of the travel business, improve efficiency, and increase productivity.

Better Inventory Management: A TMS can assist travel companies in more effectively managing their inventory, and keeping track of available accommodations, tickets, and other travel products. This enables travel companies to better allocate resources, optimize revenue, and provide better services to clients.

Increased revenue: Tourism management systems can assist travel companies in increasing revenue by streamlining operations and providing customized services. With enhanced inventory control and pricing strategies, travel businesses can offer competitive pricing and attract more customers.

Improved Customer Experience: A TMS allows airline companies to provide their clients with a more personalized experience. By keeping track of customers' preferences and previous interactions, travel businesses can offer tailor-made packages and promotions, which can increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Enhanced Marketing Efforts: Travel companies can use a TMS to enhance their marketing efforts by leveraging client data. Travel companies can create tailored marketing strategies that turn leads into customers by analyzing customer behavior and tastes.

Real-Time Data Insights: A TMS offers real-time data insights into business performance, allowing travel organizations to make data-driven decisions. Travel companies that have access to data on inventory, revenue, and client behavior can optimize their operations, obtain growth possibilities, and stay ahead of the competition.

Increased Efficiency and Profitability: By streamlining operations, optimizing inventory management, and improving the customer experience, a TMS can help travel businesses increase efficiency and profitability. As a result, companies can engage in growth possibilities, extend their offerings, and remain competitive in an ever-changing industry.

What We Offer

Trawex platform currently empowers 1000+ customers across 4 continents, 10000+ bookings a day, 1000000+ travel searches a day, across 200+ suppliers, 600,000+ hotels, 1000+ airlines, 200,000+ activities, 30,000+ cruise itineraries and much more for your brand..

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Advances, Systems and Applications

• Open access
• Published: 05 September 2022

Tourism cloud management system: the impact of smart tourism

• Fang Yin 1 ,
• Xiong Yin 2 ,
• Jincheng Zhou 3 ,
• Xinli Zhang 1 ,
• Ruihua Zhang 3 , 4 ,
• Ebuka Ibeke 5 ,
• Marvellous GodsPraise Iwendi 6 &
• Mohammad Shah 7  

Journal of Cloud Computing volume  11 , Article number:  37 ( 2022 ) Cite this article

4571 Accesses

2 Citations

Metrics details

This study investigates the possibility of supporting tourists in a foreign land intelligently by using the Tourism Cloud Management System (TCMS) to enhance and better their tourism experience. Some technologies allow tourists to highlight popular tourist routes and circuits through the visualisation of data and sensor clustering approaches. With this, a tourist can access the shared data on a specific location to know the sites of famous local attractions, how other tourists feel about them, and how to participate in local festivities through a smart tourism model. This study surveyed the potential of smart tourism among tourists and how such technologies have developed over time while proposing a TCMS. Its goals were to make physical/paper tickets redundant via the introduction of a mobile app with eTickets that can be validated using camera and QR code technologies and to enhance the transport network using Bluetooth and GPS for real-time identification of tourists’ presence. The results show that a significant number of participants engage in tourist travels, hence the need for smart tourism and tourist management. It was concluded that smart tourism is very appealing to tourists and can improve the appeal of the destination if smart solutions are implemented. This study gives a first-hand review of the preference of tourists and the potential of smart tourism. 

Introduction

Destinations like China are primed for successful performance in incoming tourism, with China set to overtake France as the leading destination worldwide by 2030 [ 1 ]. Similarly, tourism in the city of Mumbai, India, also increases yearly. Between 2009 and 2017, Mumbai saw an increase of 10.6%— the second highest growth rate in tourism for European tourists. The World Travel Awards awarded India and Mumbai the ‘Best Destination’ and ‘Best Destination City’, respectively, in 2018. However, China is primed to take over this position. As tourism steadily grows, so does the use of smartphones. As observed in [ 2 ], the cellphone has been adopted as a regular tourist travel device because of its ubiquity capabilities and progressive computing. With exponential growth in its users and its growing variety of applications, the mobile phone is changing the perspective of tourist travel and transport networks. The capacity to carry over 8 sensors with context-awareness opportunities is what has made smartphones so valuable in tourism [ 3 ]. The camera and microphone, the first features of the smartphone, have quickly been joined by GPS, compasses, proximity sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes. These proximity sensors allow system-adaptive devices to develop and function effectively as smart personal assistants. The two examples below could make the experience easier:

A smartphone with a mobile app which uses the camera and QR code technology for the validation of tickets, making the use of paper tickets redundant.

The use of Bluetooth and GPS for real-time identification of tourists’ presence, following dynamic patterns and enhancing the transport network.

The main contribution of this paper is the analysis of methodologies that include the features mentioned above in already existing technologies while proposing a Tourism Cloud Management System (TCMS). We consider a mobile which could be used to sell reserves for the transport of tourists, using a QR code as an identifier for validation. We also consider a mobile app which gives tourists access to the digital form of their travel reservations and makes it easy for them to find stops for transport [ 4 ].

Following the growth and development of the tourism industry, innovations in finding customers, linking them, and assuring their satisfaction need to be enhanced. The competition for prices, especially for holiday destinations, is high. Information Technology allows for greater efficiency, swift reaction time, and reduced operational costs. Recent advancements have inspired extreme changes in the tourism industry. A useful development in tourism is the redesign of the booking interaction, which would allow shoppers to save time in the acquisition and reservation of tourist items. Thus, tourism organizations need to adopt cutting-edge innovations to enhance their all-around productivity.

Literature review

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has given people access to infinite digital content on leisure, culture, education, etc., on their portable devices [ 5 ]. The architecture of the Tourism Cloud Management System (TCMS) is shown in Fig.  1 . The evolution of technology has changed consumer behavior in various fields, and the tourism industry isn't an exception. ICT brings several advantages, including automation of processes which increases speed, reduced errors, and lowered expenses, all of which are of prime importance in the tourism industry. Secure processes which allow the purchase and marketing of products and services, and the transfer of videos, images, etc., are things which generate motivation for leisure-seeking consumers [ 6 ]. The tourist market is dynamic in terms of demand trends of tourists, which varies consumption habits and allows the generation of various products. This led to the creation of a route model called the intelligent tourist route to address this need.

Tourism Cloud Management System (TCMS) Architecture

The concept of smart territory in recent years has become popular among researchers and scholars of sustainable development. From the point of view of architecture and urbanism, the authors in [ 7 ] came up with the concept of smart territory and defined it as innovative territories with the ability to build competitive advantages for their surroundings, in the framework of a complicated and interconnected world. These smart territories try to find a balance between sustainability, social cohesion, and economic competition. Any territory, notwithstanding its level of infrastructure or size, can be a smart territory.

The definition of smart territory evokes a novel concept of the confluence of various related disciplines including culture, heritage, architecture, environment, regional development, urban planning, and the economy of innovation. The multidisciplinary approach of distinct sciences is applied and generates a synergy to consolidate a framework for tourism to be used in smart tourist destinations [ 8 ].

The multidisciplinary capacity and the integration of various areas need to be focused on the development of infrastructure for sensitization and connectivity. The concept of smart territory is especially relevant when one considers that the field of social and economic development needs to be approached from different perspectives. This means that the existing approach to the economy needs to have a holistic system with attractions, facilities with local management, quality and affordable pricing. This would allow the concept of a product in a destination, where circuits and routes form part of the activities.

Data visualization as a consolidation tool for smart routes

An essential part of the work done in tourism is the data visualization from the inventory of tourist attractions. It is important because it allows for a practical alternative for the conceptualization of the activity from the view of technological innovation and development in the conventional approach to tourism [ 9 ]. A good approach to the generation and consolidation of tourism science is the integration of different disciplines, with the view of creating synergy. This is exemplified by the research of evaluation and registration of tourist heritage elements (PT), connected to the data visualization (open data) created by computer graphics. Computer graphics allow the use of the most advanced technology; sensory interpretation through the perception, modelling, and representation of objects in 2D and 3D animation. These computer apps are not applied in tourist activities.

Visualization of data is a concept which uses the large correspondence force of pictures to clarify the cause, reliance, and importance found in the conceptual masses of data produced by social and logical cycles. It has not yet been fully explored in the field of tourism. It is a technological experiment in tourism management and planning as a result of its structure and the order of cultural and natural attractions. They are usually applied with the view that they can determine their possible uses [ 10 ]. An important part of the process of analyzing the tourist potential of a territory is the categorization, ranking, and inventory of tourist attractions. These processes determine how the real tourist vocation of territories would be. Based on its scope of application, it is the basis for organizing the tourist space of a community, region, department, country, or municipality. Thus, it is essential to consider tourist inventory for the generation of circuits and routes.

The only way to verify the tourist potential of the territory and justify possible investments is through a strict examination of the demand, supply, market trends, competition, and attractions of the territory. All these factors make up a comprehensive assessment of the territory and a basis for development agencies to make their decisions.

The valuation of the tourist territory consists of three primary stages:

Evaluation of the existing supply, resources, demand, market trends, and competition in the territory.

Comparison of the results of the evaluation and identifying the strengths, weaknesses, risks, and opportunities of the territory.

If there is potential, a strategy needs to be defined and followed for the development of tourism in the territory [ 11 ].

These three stages consist of the collation, treatment, and evaluation of external and internal information about the territory with strong tourism potential for the Tourism Cloud Management System.

Implementation of augmented reality and TCMS

The internet has caused a revolution in companies, tourism, the population, and the world in general. In the tourism space, it has facilitated a change in the sales and consumer channel, which reduces third-party participation and enhances competition. Consumers who are connected to the digital world with smartphones and can decide what they want have also revolutionized the world. Agents in the tourism industry have had to adapt to novel innovative technologies and the reformation of their customary products. These new technological advances make the products more valuable, allowing for a better experience [ 12 ]. Success in the management of a tourist destination can only be done with the detection of changes in the environment and their effects [ 13 ]. Adapting to new technologies is important because of the ease of promoting a destination.

TCMS shows that tourists in search of pleasurable experiences employ technological devices to speed up the selection process of what they are looking for. The perception of textual and graphical information of mobile disposition is very essential for this, as well as the possibility of reading other people’s opinions from their reviews. The options for accessing this information are numerous, including augmented reality which is on the rise [ 14 ]. For instance, a foreign tourist, a single male of higher education and 36 years of age would use the internet for planning his trip because he has spent most of his life in the technological era. It is important to know your tourist destination before getting there.

Augmented reality is an innovative tool that integrates the virtual world with the real one. It displays the content in real-time through a gadget. The difference between virtual reality and augmented reality is that the former displays elements virtually, while the latter displays real elements in a space. Although this technology has been in use since the 90 s, it is only recently adapted to mobile devices. The incorporation of this technology into tourism allows for the massive promotion of destinations and includes media information which complements the visit of the tourists in real-time. The application of augmented reality in tourist routes would allow easy access to information that can be obtained from the web. There are infinite possibilities for obtaining tourist information. This is a step towards an intelligent destination [ 15 ] in line with other state-of-the-art procedures in big data analysis [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].

Application of the smart tourist destination management model

The concept of a smart tourist destination should not be considered only as the application of the smart city model to the tourism industry. Structural variations in the tourism industry, which integrate with the consolidation of the smart city model, form the basis of the need for novel approaches to managing tourist destinations [ 21 ]. Thus, it is important to analyze some definitions of the concept. The India Tourism Ministry defined Smart Tourist Destination (STD) as an accessible innovative space, integrated with state-of-the-art technology that ensures the territory’s sustainable development, accelerates the interaction of the visitor and the environment, and enhances the quality of their trip. The basis of this definition is the principle that innovation is an essential space and operates as the centre of all proposals. According to [ 3 ], it inaugurates innovative spaces such as STDs that use novel technologies for development.

This methodology combines the novel framework of the tourist region with the climate and communication of the guests to expand the nature of their experience. It uses ICT to improve administration, reduce costs, and enhance residents’ satisfaction. The White Book on STDs emphasizes the development and innovation of ICT as the basis for novel mechanisms for the promotion of STDs. The goal is to create various differential competitive services with profitability and sustainability that turns risk into opportunity, promote diversification, fights against seasonality, and integrates success.

Gretzel et al. [ 2 ] defined STD as novel models of business management, forms of communication, and the quest for the consumer’s well-being. They use ICT for the promotion of the sustainable development of the territory, efficient management of resources, facilitation of interaction between the environment and visitors, and enhancing the citizens’ quality of life [ 3 ]. An STD’s configuration must correspond to the needs of every destination and their benefits because the mere application of technology doesn’t automatically make a destination an STD. It must be followed by a series of changes at all levels. An STD must use the available tools to satisfy the market, and because technology is not a means to an end, issues regarding accessibility, innovation, and sustainability must still be considered. Authors in [ 3 ] considered the concept of STD as a generic architecture that consists of principles originating from smart cities and includes sustainability and competitiveness at its base. The aim is to provide a holistic structure for smart tourist destinations. The idea is to revolutionize the management of tourism according to local capacity and technological possibilities.

Summary of the related recent works

Analysis of smart tourism using scopus.

The term ‘smart tourism’ was searched in the keywords, abstract, and titles of the extant SCOPUS literature. Between 2008 and 2022, 710 documents were published. These documents were studied for analysis. Figure  2 shows the published papers related to ‘smart tourism’ from 2008 to January 2022.

Number of documents related to ‘smart tourism’ from 2008 to 2022 in the SCOPUS database

Figure  3 illustrates the top 15 countries that have published work linked to smart tourism from 2008 to 2022.

Documents by country related to ‘smart tourism’

Figure  4 illustrates the comparison of published papers on smart tourism per year.

Documents per year by source related to ‘smart tourism’

The data collated from SCOPUS was further examined with the VOS viewer. Table 1 shows the list of countries with 5 or more publications on smart tourism.

Figure  5 visualizes the citations by country in Table 1 .

Citations by country

Figure  6 illustrates the keywords used in the published works of smart tourism, including the recent research of 2020. Some of these keywords include smart tourism, city, climate change, e-tourism [ 22 ], etc.

Keywords: Overlay visualization

Methodology

The TCMS study in this research uses a descriptive approach: a survey with a questionnaire to collect the required data. We formed a respondent base of 200 tourists in China selected based on the reviews of popular tourist portals including Trip Advisor. All tourists were given a link to a Google form (questionnaire) they were to fill out. 66 completed responses were used for the analysis. The questionnaire comprised close-ended questions using Likert’s five-point scale. The collated data were evaluated statistically with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), a statistical software used for advanced analytics, data management, business intelligence and multivariate analysis.

Table 2 shows the percentage of people who admitted they take trips to unknown destinations very often.

Table 3 shows the percentage of consumers who believed that tourist interests would increase and the percentage of consumers who believed the level of interest would remain static.

Table 4 illustrates the percentage of respondents who said they would be satisfied with the quality of smart tourism application services.

Table 5 shows the percentage of respondents who believe they would communicate better in a foreign land with smart tourism applications.

Table 6 shows the mean for males and females and the mean difference at the threshold p-value of lower than 0.05 level. The F-test value was 0.536, indicating it was significant at 0.465, and that the variance of both groups is equal. The equal variance was used as per the T-test that was conducted. The T value for the equal variances was 2.774, meaning it was significant at 0.006, which indicates a difference in male and female behavior regarding the preference for smart tourism.

Many people go to tourist destinations annually and believe that their interest may increase if smart solutions are available. The majority agreed that the quality of service may be enhanced if there are smart tourism applications. However, most did not believe that smart tourism applications may result in better communication in foreign lands. From the results presented above, it is obvious that the implementation of smart tourism applications would result in better patronage from tourists for tourist destinations. The results illustrate that in comparison with state-of-the-art existing work, there are several possibilities and applications of it in multiple fields.

This paper proposes a Tourism Cloud Management System (TCMS) and discusses the infinite possibilities of the comprehensive approach that integrates different disciplines for the consolidation of a multi-and transdisciplinary concept based on limited action and functionality. It includes several possibilities in design, tourism, ICT, economy, and multimedia, among others. The implementation and application of the TCMS would enable intelligent and smart management of tourism and enhance tourists' experiences. It is necessary to take local action to integrate the proposed Smart Tourist Destination Management model. In the future, this paper aims to systemize and homogenize the collection of information on various tourist attractions, i.e., making the collection of information on tourist attractions easier. Another objective is to propose its use in preparing sustainable development plans for tourism and to convince private and public individuals to support the use of technological innovation in tourism.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61862051), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (No.[2019],1299, No.ZK[2022]550), the Top-notch Talent Program of Guizhou province (No.KY[2018]080), the Natural Science Foundation of Education of Guizhou province(No.[2019]203) and the Funds of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities (No. qnsy2018003, No. qnsy2019rc09, No. qnsy2018JS013, No. qnsyrc201715).

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61862051), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (No.[2019],1299, No.ZK[2022]550), the Top-notch Talent Program of Guizhou province (No.KY[2018]080), the Natural Science Foundation of Education of Guizhou province(No.[2019]203) and the Funds of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities (No. qnsy2018003, No. qnsy2019rc09, No. qnsy2018JS013, No. qnsyrc201715). 

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Conceptualization by Fang Yin, Jincheng Zhou; Questionnaire by Xiong Yin, Xinli Zhang, and Ruihua Zhang; Formal Analysis by Ebuka Ibeke and Marvellous GodsPraise Iwendi; Investigation by Mohammad Shah and Ebuka Ibeke; Resources and Data collection by Xiong Yin, Xinli Zhang, and Ruihua Zhang; Writing by: Jincheng Zhou and Fang Yin; Validation by: Ebuka Ibeke and Marvellous GodsPraise Iwendi; Funding Acquisition by Jincheng Zhou and Mohammad Shah. The authors read and approved the final manuscript. 

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With the increasing pressure of life, more and more people want to have enough time to go to the outside world to release themselves and enjoy themselves. Therefore, tourism has gradually become an important industry. The traditional tourism management system mainly records, statistics and integrates the data generated, lacks the cognition of tourists’ needs, and can not meet the growing pursuit. Therefore, the system scientifically and reasonably increases the personalized function demand on the traditional tourism management system.

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