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PINGUIN stove ATOM TITAN

PINGUIN stove MANTIS

OPTIMUS set CRUX /TERRA WEEKEND NON STICK

OPTIMUS set CRUX LITE/TERRA SOLO COOKSET NON STICK

OPTIMUS stove POLARIS OPTIFUEL TACTICAL

OPTIMUS stove POLARIS OPTIFUEL + 0.4L FUEL BOTTLE

OPTIMUS stove CRUX 42

OPTIMUS stove CRUX LITE

OPTIMUS stove CRUX LITE PIEZO

PINGUIN windscreen

PINGUIN stove MANTIS TITAN

OPTIMUS stove NOVA

KOVEA stove HIKER STOVE

KOVEA stove SCOUT STOVE

OPTIMUS stove VEGA

KOVEA stove SCORPION STOVE

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KOVEA stove FIREMAN STOVE

OPTIMUS gas canister GAS 230 G 4-SEASON

OPTIMUS gas canister GAS 100 G 4-SEASON

WEBER DISPOSABLE GAS CANISTER - 445G for Q 100/1000 series, Go-Anywhere Gas, Performer Deluxe Gourmet Grills, 17846

PRIMUS gas canister FUEL BOTTLE 1 L

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PINGUIN adapter ADAPTOR 220g CARTRIDGE

PINGUIN stove SURPASS STEEL

PINGUIN stove SURPASS TITAN

PINGUIN stove TREK

PINGUIN stove HIKER

PINGUIN stove SPIDER

PINGUIN STOVE CAMPER

PINGUIN GAS CANISTER PROPN BUTAN 220 g

PINGUIN GAS CANISTER PROPAN-BUTAN 230 g

PINGUIN GAS CANISTER PROPAN-BUTAN 450 g

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Plynová kartuše Pinguin Travel Gas 450g

Large threaded gas cartridge

Detailed information

Related products

Folding plastic stand for better gas cartridge stability

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A set of aluminium cookware for the entire family

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Set of aluminium cookware with a heat exchanger for three to five people

Set of aluminium cookware for four to six people

Large set of stainless steel cookware

Set of stainless steel cookware for four to six people

• Description
• Alternative (4)
• Brand Pinguin

Product detailed description

The most common type of threaded cartridge, which can be used on most stoves, including freestanding versions.

The cartridge has a mix of Propane/N-Butane/Isobutane, which ensure a constant pressure in the cartridge even at low temperatures, as well as a very low gasification value. Thanks to this, the mixture can be ignited at temperatures as low as -40 °C.

Due to its height, we recommend you also equip this cartridge with a stand, which widens its base and increases stability.

Additional parameters

Small threaded gas cartridge

Compact gas cartridge with bayonet connector

Threaded gas cartridge

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Česká Republika - 1989

Patří mezi   nejstarší české výrobce outdoorového a campingového vybavení , její historie sahá do roku 1989, kdy se na českém trhu objevují první výrobky s touto značkou. Na samotném začátku se jednalo o tehdy velmi úspěšný peřový program zahrnující spací pytle a peřové bundy, o rok později firma začíná jako jeden z prvních českých výrobců s vývojem lehkých dvouplášťových stanů pro turistiku a horolezectví. Za téměř dvě desetiletí se sortiment výrobků značky Pinguin značně rozrostl na široký záběr outdoorového vybavení a oblečení.

Díky své stabilně vysoké kvalitě získala mimořádnou oblibu především ucelená nabídka   stanů, která zahrnuje několik tříd a úrovní použití, počínaje stany konstruovanými pro extrémní zátěž vysokohorských expedic a stany pro rodinné kempování konče.

Velmi dobrou pozici na trhu si vybudovaly také   spacáky Pinguin   určené jak pro běžné outdoorové aktivity, tak pro extremní použití, nabídku vybavení do přírody doplňuje řada turistických batohů. Značka Pinguin se stále častěji prosazuje též prostřednictvím neustále se vyvíjející a rozšiřující nabídky   membránového a softshellového oblečení. Jako velmi úspěšný tah dnes firma hodnotí, že před časem při výběru funkčního materiálu vsadila na japonskou membránu Gelanots a u novějších modelů používá membránu  ACD , která díky své kvalitě a vysokým technickým parametrům tvoří již několik let jádro výrobního programu nepromokavého prodyšného oblečení této značky.

• HLAVNÍ STRANA
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• Tipy na dárky
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• mýdla, mycí prostředky
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PINGUIN Travel Gas 220g - kartuše

• skladem eshop nejpozději 18. 04. u Vás

• popis fotky výrobce

Skladná plynová kartuše s bajonetovým konektorem. Čtyřsezónní mix plynu Propan - Butan - Izobutan si díky jejich spolehlivosti oblíbila velká část našich zákazníků.

Tento typ kartuší se nejčastěji používá pro přenosné ploténkové vařiče, lidé je také nazývají "sprejové" díky jejich tvarové podobnosti.

• Propan zajišťuje vyšší odpařování plynových výparů v chladném počasí.
• Izobutan   poskytuje konstantní výkon kartuše i při menším objemu plynu. Izobutan je velmi podobný butanu, ale zplynuje již při -11°C, má vyšší výhřevnost a chová se také lépe při chladnějším počasí.

Specifikace :

Rozměry: ⌀68 x 185 mm Hmotnost: 345 g Složení plynu: 30 % Propan, 30 % izobutan, 40 % butan Norma: EN 417 Typ kartuše: Bajonetová

Objednejte si PINGUIN kartuše, dnes se slevou 20%

• Parametry produktu
• Výrobce: PINGUIN
• kód: Cartridge 220 g
• kolekce : 2024 jaro

Nabízíme outdoorové oblečení a vybavení Pinguin. Vybírejte z outdoorového oblečení a vybavení pro lehkou i extrémní turistiku.

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Butelie camping cu valva Pinguin Travel Gas 450g

Butelie Camping Pinguin , accesoriu util si practic, compatibila cu cele mai multe dintre arzatoare. Extrem de utile atunci cand petreci cateva zile relaxante la cort.. 

Butelie camping cu valva Pinguin Travel Gas de 450 grame

Contin au mixtura (butan, izobutan, propan) ce permite folosirea lor in toate cele de 4 sezoane, putand fi utilizate cu succes si la temperaturi foarte joase, in conditii de iarna (-40 grade Celsius). Gazul Iso-Butane contribuie la performanta constanta a buteliei si asigura valoare calorica ridicata, chiar si cand butelia nu mai este plina.

Compatibil cu arzatoarele cu valva EN417:

• AceCamp etc

Disponibile si in optiuni de 220 grame , 230 grame

Cum ti-ar placea sa te trezesti dimineata intr-un peisaj de vis si cu o aroma de cafea proaspata? Trebuie sa aduci doar cafeaua preferata, de restul se ocupa  Arzatorul Pinguin Hiker   si buteliile de camping de la Pinguin

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Grande Travel gas Pipeta Pinguin

Pipeta (cilindro) gas Pinguin 450g

$  52.000

Pipeta grande (bombona) gas Pinguin para estufas de camping a gas. – Mezcla propano-butano para ser utilizado en cualquier clima (4 estaciones) y altitud.- Sistema de rosca estándar que funciona con la mayoría de estufas sin importar la marca. Incorpora válvula interna que se cierra automáticamente al desconectar la estufa. Peso 450 g.

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Butelie cu valva Pinguin Travel Gas 230 g

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14 zile drept de retur

31 , 00 Lei

Specificatii

• Review-uri (2)
• Intrebari si raspunsuri

Butelie butan, izobutan, propan. Mixtura de 4 sezoane ofera posibilitatea de a folosi  in temperaturi foarte joase, in conditii de iarna (-40°C).  Gazul Iso-Butane contribuie la performanta constanta a buteliei. Asigura valoare calorica ridicata, chiar si cand butelia nu mai este plina.

Compatibil cu arzatoarele cu valva EN417:

• AceCamp etc.

Caracteristici generale

Detalii tehnice

Brand: Pinguin

eMAG.ro face eforturi permanente pentru a păstra acurateţea informaţiilor din acestă pagină. Rareori acestea pot conţine inadvertenţe: fotografia are caracter informativ şi poate conţine accesorii neincluse în pachetele standard, unele specificaţii pot fi modificate de catre producător fără preaviz sau pot conţine erori de operare. Toate promoţiile prezente în site sunt valabile în limita stocului. In conformitate cu prevederile OUG 140/2021, produsele beneficiaza de garantie legala de conformitate de 24 de luni, cu exceptia continutului digital sau al serviciilor digitale, in cazul carora garantia legala de conformitate este de 60 de luni, potrivit OUG 141/2021. Prevederile anterior mentionate nu sunt aplicabile in cazul produselor alimentare.

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Anghelea Dan

25 Noi 2021

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17 Aug 2020

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Butelie Pinguin Travel Gas 450

Culoare principala: alb

Durata de livrare: 24-48 ore

TRANSPORT RAPID GRATUIT Pentru comenzi mai mari de 299 lei

VOUCHER CADOU -10% La cumpărături peste 299 lei

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Why are these emperor penguin chicks jumping from a 50-foot cliff?

The first-of-its-kind footage, taken in January 2024 via drone, captures a rare event that may become more common as sea ice declines and penguins are forced to adapt.

Like a group of teenagers crowding at the top of a cliff, waiting to see if someone will be brave enough to jump into the lake first, hundreds of months-old emperor penguins gather at the top of an Antarctic ice shelf towering roughly 50 feet above the sea.  

Motivated by hunger, the fledglings peer over the edge, as if considering whether they might survive a polar plunge from such a height.

Then one bird goes for it.  

Some of the onlookers crane their necks to watch it plummet and splash into the icy water below. Seconds later, the chick surfaces and swims away—off to fill its belly with fresh fish, krill, and squid. Gradually, other fledglings follow, tumbling and flapping wings built for traversing water, not air.

Filmmakers producing a documentary series called Secrets of the Penguins , which will debut on Earth Day 2025 on National Geographic and Disney+, captured the extraordinarily rare scene by drone in January in Atka Bay, on the edge of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica . It’s the first video footage of emperor penguin chicks leaping from such a high cliff, according to scientists.

“I cannot believe they caught it on film,” says Michelle LaRue, a conservation biologist based at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. LaRue, who did not witness the jump, had visited Atka Bay to consult on the film crew’s third year of documenting emperor penguin behavior, from egg laying to chick fledging.

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Ordinarily, emperor penguins nest on free-floating sea ice that thaws and blows away each year, not on the ice shelf, which is firmly attached to the land. But lately, some colonies have been nesting on the shelf. Scientists theorize that the shift could be related to increasingly earlier seasonal thawing of the sea ice caused by climate change .

The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the world emperor penguin population , estimated to be about 500,000 birds, as near threatened due in large part to how climate change is impacting its icy realm.   (Read more about the bleak future for emperor penguins.)

In early January 2024, in the final weeks before the sea ice broke up at the end of the Southern Hemisphere summer, filmmakers spotted   a group of chicks that LaRue thinks were likely raised on the ice shelf waddling north toward the cliff. Curious about where they were headed, the filmmakers dispatched a drone for a bird’s-eye view. Gradually, more chicks joined the dawdling group, growing in numbers until there were a couple hundred standing at the top of the bluff.

‘I’m gonna have to go’

Gerald Kooyman , a research physiologist who has spent more than five decades studying emperor penguins in Antarctica, says he has only seen such an event once—more than 30 years ago.

“Drifting snow had formed a gently sloping ramp from the sea ice onto a grounded iceberg, and a flock of departing chicks had marched up the ramp onto the berg,” Kooyman writes in his book Journeys with Emperors , published in November 2023.

“They were stopped by a 20-meter [roughly 67-foot] cliff over a sea that was sometimes open water and other times crowded with ice floes.” Over the course of a couple days, almost 2,000 chicks assembled at the ledge.

“Finally, they started walking off the cliff,” writes Kooyman, an emeritus professor with the Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.

“Not jumping or leaping, just stepping out and falling head over heels, sometimes doing two flips before hitting the water with a resounding plop.” (See more incredible photos of emperor penguins.)

This phenomenon is rare, say scientists who monitor penguins from satellites in space. Peter Fretwell , a British Antarctic Survey scientist who has studied satellite imagery of the Atka Bay emperor colony for several years, occasionally sees penguin tracks going north toward that cliff. He theorizes that the chicks in January may have followed one or two vagrant adults that “went the wrong way, basically.”

Juvenile emperors usually fledge from the sea ice, hopping just a couple feet into the ocean. But these fledglings found themselves in a tricky location for entering the water while likely feeling extremely hungry, the scientists say. Their parents had already gone to sea, sending the message that it’s time for them to fish for themselves, and the chicks had been sitting tight waiting for their sleek, waterproof adult feathers to grow in, replacing their down.

“When they get to this cliff face, they’re like, ‘Alright, I see the ocean and I need to get in there,’” LaRue says. “This does not look like a fun jump, but I guess I’m gonna have to go.”

Resilient birds

While the scientists do not think the cliff-jumping incident was directly related to climate change warming Antarctica, Fretwell says the continuing decline of sea ice on the continent may force more emperors to breed on ice shelves, therefore making the behavior more common in the future.

Scientists have been concerned about the sudden decrease in Antarctic Sea ice since 2016 and the likely dire consequences for emperor penguins’ long-term survival.

“We estimate that we could lose the whole population by the end of the century,” Fretwell says. “It’s heartbreaking to think that the whole species may be gone if climate change continues on the path that it’s on at the moment.”

LaRue remains hopeful about the emperors’ ability to adapt, and she considers the recent high dive caught on film a testament to their hardiness.

“They’re incredibly resilient,” she says. “They have been around for millions of years; they’ve seen lots of different changes in their environment. It’s a question of how rapidly they’re able to deal with the changes that are happening—and how far they can be pushed.”

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History | April 16, 2024 8:43 a.m.

To Help the Allied War Effort, These Scientists Got Drunk on Nitrogen

During World War II, British researchers conducted tests on themselves to gauge how submariners’ brains would function at extreme depths

Rachel Lance

Author,  Chamber Divers: The Untold Story of the D-Day Scientists Who Changed Special Operations Forever

During the extreme violence and bombings of World War II, England called on its citizens to do what they could to help. That meant food rationing for everyone and long hours working in factories for some. For a small group of scientists in London, however, it meant putting their lives on the line while doing math—lots and lots of math, sometimes while drunk. This group helped make the Allied landings on D-Day possible.

John Burdon Sanderson Haldane , who went by JBS or simply “the Prof,” led a team of geneticists working out of a lab at University College London. Helen Spurway , his partner in life and in using mathematics to examine the inheritance patterns of salamanders, was the lab’s co-pilot. The two lived in the lab during the day and at the bar across the street at night.

When the evacuations of London began, followed by the bombings that developed into the infamous Blitz , the university tried to close its doors to force all of its people to safety. It tried, but Haldane and Spurway snuck their way in anyway. With their blackout curtains drawn firmly against the probing eyes of not only Nazi bombers but also administrative officials on the hunt for rebellious scientists, Haldane and Spurway began to recruit others who had stayed behind. Among them was Edwin Martin Case, a researcher from Haldane’s past who had already proved his brilliance and, by coming to the center of the Blitz, also proved his mettle.

Chamber Divers: The Untold Story of the D-Day Scientists Who Changed Special Operations Forever

The previously classified story of the eccentric researchers who invented cutting-edge underwater science to lead the Allies to D-Day victory

When the Allies’ submarines started going down in alarming fashion—the American USS Squalus , the British HMS Thetis and the French Phénix , all within three weeks of each other in the summer of 1939, and all in training accidents—they were forced to realize they had no idea what they were doing underwater. But Haldane did. He and his team of downtown rebels had started studying the physiology with the most easily scheduled test subjects they could find: themselves. By 1940, the experiments were full speed ahead.

On Friday, April 19, Case, hunched into a sphere, balanced a steel ball bearing precariously on a toylike scoop. He was determined to transfer the ball bearing into the correct hole. With a solid plunk, the metal sphere found its home just before the single minute allotted for the task ran out. Dropping the fiddly scoop, Martin began to pick up the bearings with his fingers instead. That way was much easier.

Case was curled inside the smallest hyperbaric chamber at Siebe Gorman , a British diving equipment manufacturer, for the fourth day of testing. He passed the “ball game” sideways to Haldane, who was also bent over by the white tubular walls. The already small space was constrained further by equipment, pads of paper, stopwatches and two breathing apparatuses for use on the way back up. This particular chamber contained no lights, because it could go deep enough that electricity might spark a catastrophic internal fireball. The duo had some small portable electric lamps inside, but most of their vision was extracted from meager bulbs pressed from the outside against the tiny portholes of the darkened tube.

Haldane began his first minute of the ball bearing test of manual dexterity, shaking off a lingering headache caused by the previous day’s exposure to fully oxygenated air. He deposited the bearings in the holes using forceps. He and Case began the arithmetic next—mental dexterity, as it were. Haldane went first while Case timed him.

After generating sheets of numbers scrawled in rapid, curling streaks of pencil, they heaved the burly, circular chamber door closed around its pivot of heavy steel hinges, swinging its domed shape into contact with the main body of the steel tube. Now, with the door shut, the carbon dioxide would begin to accumulate inside, just as it had inside the Thetis . Air began to intrude through the piping, first with a hiss, then with a roar. The very real physical heat enveloping Case and Haldane began to climb, in an unsubtle metaphor for the rising pressure from the military to achieve results.

The first thing on their checklist, and the subject of today’s work, was an explicit request from the Admiralty. Surgeon Commander Seymour Grome Rainsford wanted more information about nitrogen narcosis , the recently developed theory that nitrogen might become a powerful, even debilitating narcotic drug under increased pressures—a tendency that, if true, would affect anyone trying to perform complex tasks like espionage or escaping from a submarine deep underwater.

Divers had always reported euphoria and a sense of mental stupor at the limits of diving’s deepest depths, but the American physician Albert Behnke had just declared the nitrogen in their breathing air to be the cause . Rainsford wanted to know if Behnke was right. Haldane used the request to get the government to pony up a modest salary for Case: “I should be glad to carry out and supervise experiments on the problem and should not demand any salary. However, I should require an assistant.”

In this small tube, Haldane and Case would breathe air, which is 78 percent nitrogen, and see if the gas interfered with their ability to manipulate the ball bearings or affected the time and accuracy with which they could complete the written math. In short, they would see if nitrogen got them properly drunk.

Today, nitrogen narcosis is known to be an immutable effect of breathing air under pressure. Divers often affectionately refer to the phenomenon as “ Martini’s law ,” meaning that each 33 feet below the surface of the ocean can be considered equal in mental deficit to pounding down one martini with gusto. Perhaps given the time and place of Haldane and Case’s experiment, a sidecar with a twist would have been a more appropriate drink metaphor. But regardless of the beverage, inside less than four minutes, with the internal chamber air screaming hot from the compression, Haldane and Case reached 300 feet of seawater, which would allegedly have had the same impact as imbibing nine glasses of straight booze, in less time than it might have taken to drink the actual liquid.

As of this writing, nobody yet understands why nitrogen narcosis occurs. But it certainly does. Case and his old pal were smashed.

Case tried to be modest about it. “Slight feeling akin to what one has always been led to believe is associated with inebriation,” the chemist scribbled, coyly selecting words as if he hadn’t once been cited for piloting his bicycle with such liquid-fueled abandon that he posed a public health hazard.

Haldane wrote notes, too, or at least tried to. He couldn’t write as coherently. “Reach top. MC says, ‘We are drunk.’ Notices above. Not so [illegible scribble]. JBSH feels abnormal. ‘Ringing’ in ears. Queer taste in mouth. Looks darker (?) [illegible].”

They were inside a tube, so there was no “above” to be had. The statement was gibberish. Pressure doesn’t cause ear ringing or weird mouth tastes, so those were imagined. Even later, neither Haldane nor anybody else in the lab could read some of the words or discern what “darker” was supposed to refer to. Haldane would also say that he had “felt somewhat mystical.” In short, the narcosis was winning.

Haldane and Case tried the ball game, followed by the arithmetic problems, but the test results were moot because they both kept forgetting to start the stopwatch. Haldane blamed his distraction on the “sound of bell ringing.” There was no bell.

When Haldane tried the sums, he began mixing up the sheets of paper or starting a problem in one column but continuing it in the next. When Case noticed how long Haldane was taking with the rudimentary addition and asked how much longer he needed, the math genius grumbled, “I don’t know at all, nor do I care.” After incomplete attempts at forcing the numbers, he wrote down, “Feel better,” as if he were a credible witness to his own condition.

They had reached 300 feet at 12:10 p.m. By 1:10 p.m., they had struggled long enough. They put the mouthpieces from the breathing apparatuses into their mouths and began breathing pure oxygen before the ascent. By removing the nitrogen from the gas they were inhaling and using pure oxygen instead, they could increase the rate at which their bodies dumped the stored nitrogen out of their tissues. They could reach the surface faster, with less time spent decom‑ pressing and less risk of decompression sickness. Later, Haldane would have no memory of a small repair he had made to a pipe connection before donning his mouthpiece.

Breathing an oxygen-rich gas mixture developed by the UCL scientists of CHAMBER DIVERS, the diver in these photos is about to use his bare hands to dismantle a bomb in Cherboug, France, following D-Day. He was likely a teenager. #DDay80 #WWII #Nitrox pic.twitter.com/iE3EZO0JZq — Rachel Lance (@UnderwaterLance) April 11, 2024

As they reached the surface, Haldane felt a searing pain in his mouth and heard an audible screaming sound emanating from inside one of his teeth. He’d had a cavity filled in an upper incisor as a child, but the dentist obviously hadn’t completely filled the hole. The sound was pressurized gas slowly squeaking out of the former cavity. It hurt like hell, but to Haldane, it was all good data. He cheerfully reported , “I believe [the toothache] is a new type of bends.” He promptly had the tooth removed to facilitate future tests.

After many more tests, the duo’s conclusion was the same as Behnke’s: Yes, the narcosis was real. It was caused by nitrogen. They had achieved their first task on behalf of Britain. Haldane and Case wrote of nitrogen narcosis that “it is quite imperative that no great trust should be placed in human intelligence under these circumstances.” It was an understatement.

The first month of testing crept toward May, and the experiments continued smoothly and without calamity. On day one, Haldane and Case had sat upright inside the largest chamber and breathed oxygen and played the ball game at shallower depths, with both subjects developing no more than a mysterious slight cough afterward. On day two, the fit young Case had donned some of Haldane’s extra-large clothing and shoes and clambered into a water tub inside the chamber, with water that was 50 degrees Fahrenheit and large blocks of ice chained to the bottom. He let his exhaled CO2 build up around him to simulate a submariner in a cold, Atlantic-flooded compartment. Government representatives milled around the safe, warm outside of the chamber, muttering observations, until Case crawled out, hypothermic, shaking too hard to complete the manual dexterity test but ready for his rectal temperature measurement.

In the context of the world of science, a little coughing and a little limb shaking weren’t considered much of a big deal. The scientists were chipping away at the first set of problems, seeing how long they could withstand CO2 and the cold, and getting a feeling for how long submariners inside a doomed vessel had before they became too incapacitated to help themselves.

Other self-experimenters had put themselves through worse for less. Around the turn of the 19th century, Sir Humphry Davy knocked himself unconscious during repeated testings of his first nitrous oxide mixtures. In the 1910s, epidemiologist Joseph Goldberger was determined to prove that pellagra, a disease now known to be caused by severe vitamin B deficiency, was not caused by infectious pathogens. His method of proof, naturally, was to hold gatherings he called “ filth parties ,” where he and his scientist friends would eat capsules filled with the scabs and scrapings of pellagra victims. None got infected.

Articles from the Times of London in the 1920s and 1930s indicate that self-experimentation was considered fairly normal in the era—perhaps not common, but certainly somewhere on the list of the zaniness expected from those who played with test tubes and loved tweed. Scientists were still considered hobbyists, in a way. Science was relatively new as an independent field ; its roots were as an activity practiced by middle- or upper-class people at home in their spare time after their real day’s work as barons, doctors, lawyers or whatever professions left them enough free time and resources to putter.

The notion of self-experimentation popped up mostly in obituaries describing the lives of such people, usually as stray sentences thrown into otherwise eulogizing articles with the literary equivalent of an affectionate chuckle over their strange hobbies. In 1939, the Royal Institution in London even hosted a Christmas lecture to entertain children with the story of Davy’s self-anesthetizing adventures.

The self-experiments were anything but zany to the scientists. With little formal legal structure in place to provide ethical guidance for human experiments, researchers often saw their own bodies as the easiest way—or the only way—to get data. Sometimes the tests were lethal. In 1938, around the same time as the high-spirited children’s lecture, the latest in a long list of doctors died during self-trials with anesthesia.

The noble practice also sometimes was—and still is—used as a loophole by charlatans. In that same decade, another “scientist” was put on trial for fraud. In his defense testimony, he bellowed that his “miracle cure” had allegedly fixed his own medical issues, so of course he should have been allowed to market and sell it at high prices without further question. His medical license was revoked, but the same infamous claim of “It worked for me” is still often used today as a dodge by those who wish to avoid regulatory scrutiny. It lets them peddle their “cures” without actual proof, because they’re technically not making promises that it will work for anyone else. All good tests need proof from other people.

When World War II started, the need for results drove volunteerism for science. Many who could not sign up for the military for reasons ranging from religion to physical condition signed up to support their country through experiments instead. Dozens in England volunteered to be infected with painful, itching scabies to test better treatments , because the wars of the past warned that the ailment would soon blaze through the troops abroad. One man named Horace Cameron Wright started plotting out the holes in the Allies’ understanding of lung injuries from underwater explosions . He realized that the only way to fill those holes was to volunteer to get blasted.

In the United States, pacifist Quakers signed up for voluntary starvation after early intelligence indicated that somewhere in Germany, there were people who might benefit from knowledge of the safest way to reintroduce food when starved to the brink of death . And Haldane loudly offered to climb inside and personally test better air raid shelters to protect the people of London once the threat of bombing loomed its ugly head—in addition, of course, to the work he was conducting in the pressure chambers. The knowledge of the world moved forward.

German forces had attacked Denmark on April 9, 1940. Denmark surrendered on the day of the attack, but Norway struggled against the invasion into June. The Norwegians did their part to fight the Nazis on land while Haldane and Case itched to do theirs at sea.

From Chamber Divers: The Untold Story of the D-Day Scientists Who Changed Special Operations Forever by Rachel Lance , with permission from Dutton, an imprint of the Penguin Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, LLC. Copyright © 2024 by Rachel Lance .

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Rachel Lance | READ MORE

Rachel Lance is a biomedical engineer and blast-injury specialist who works as a scientific researcher on military diving projects at Duke University. She is also the author of In the Waves , and her writing has appeared in Time , Wired , Scientific American  and more.

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A KC Zoo penguin named finalist in world animal competition. How you can help it win

You have less than 24 hours to help a Kansas City Zoo penguin be crowned the world’s favorite penguin.

Littlefoot, a 2-year-old king penguin residing at the zoo, is one of three finalists in Penguin International ’s March of the Penguin Madness competition. The animal went head-to-head with 47 other penguins from around the globe and is in the finals after four rounds of voting. the voting started on March 17.

The competition is an initiative by the Colorado-based non-profit to educate people about the problems penguins face in the world as their environment changes.

You can vote online to crown the “Peng-Win Champion” on Penguin International’s website and on the nonprofit’s Facebook and Instagram pages. Voting closes at the end of the day Monday.

Littlefoot finds himself competing against Pearl, a 5-month-old emperor penguin from Sea World San Diego and Kokosanka, a 5-year-old African penguin from Zoo Gdańsk in Gdańsk, Poland.

Why was Littlefoot nominated by the Kansas City Zoo?

Kansas City Zoo officials said in a press release that Littlefoot was nominated because of his inspiring story.

When Littlefoot hatched, he was found to have lost a lot of blood, failed to absorb his yolk and was less than half his expected weight, zoo staff said. His prognosis was very poor despite receiving immediate medical treatment from the zoo’s animal care specialists.

The next day, Littlefoot had an energy and fight that zoo staff said was unexpected. Over the next several weeks, he required extensive medical care and frequent feedings to give him the best chance at survival.

“His will to survive helped him defy the odds and Littlefoot is now one of the larger king penguins in the colony,” the zoo said in a statement.

“He is also one of the friendliest and most curious penguins.”

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A brief guide to birdwatching in the age of dinosaurs

H ave you ever wondered what it would be like travel back in time to the age of dinosaurs? If you stumble upon a time machine, remember to bring your binoculars. Birdwatching is a popular hobby today, with an around 3 million participants in the UK alone, and in our modern world there are a staggering 11,000 species of birds to spot.

Despite the popularity of their modern-day descendants, we often forget about ancient birds because of their more famous dinosaur cousins.

Birds are actually a type of dinosaur . They are closely related to smaller, agile meat-eating dinosaurs such as the Velociraptor. Ancient birds came in a variety of forms, from ones with teeth and claws to species barely distinguishable from farmyard chickens .

So, if you were to point your binoculars over the heads of Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus rex, what could you spot? Here is a quick introduction to six of the most interesting ancient bird species.

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx is the iconic "dino-bird" from the Jurassic period. The discovery of Archaeopteryx fossils in Germany over 150 years ago provided scientists with the first clues about the link between dinosaurs and modern birds.

At first glance, the skeleton of Archaeopteryx is just like any other meat-eating dinosaur—sharp teeth, clawed hands and a long bony tail. Surrounding the skeleton of specimens such as the Berlin Archaeopteryx (discovered between 1874 and 1876 ) however, are imprints of feathers which form a pair of distinctly bird-like wings.

But for many years, paleontologists debated whether Archaeopteryx could have used these wings to fly. Scientists now think it is likely that Archaeopteryx could have flown, but only in short bursts , like a pheasant. Recent technological advances have given us our first insights into dinosaur color and studies of fossilized, pigmented cells have shown that Archaeopteryx had matt black wing feathers.

Confuciusornis

This crow-sized bird had a beak like that of modern-day birds, but still had large, dinosaur-like claws on its hands. It is thought that they lived in flocks, large numbers of which were killed by ash or gas in volcanic eruptions and preserved as fossils. Known from over 1,000 fossil specimens from China, Confuciusornis is one of the most common fossil bird species.

Some of these birds had a pair of tail feathers longer than their body, while others lacked these long feathers and would have looked comparatively stumpy. Scientists think these long-tailed birds were the males of the species and those with short tails were females . Like modern peacocks and peahens, the males probably used their extravagant tail feathers to woo the females.

Falcatakely

Discovered in 2020, Falcatakely , from Madagascar, would have resembled a small, buck-toothed toucan. Its oversized, banana-shaped bill only had teeth at the very tip . Although we don't know what this buck-toothed bird would have eaten, its close relatives ate a variety of food , including fruit, fish and even larger prey.

Scientists think that birds such as Falcatakely could fly the same day they hatched from their egg , unlike birds today which spend their first weeks or months helpless in the nest.

Hesperornis

One of the weirdest birds from the age of dinosaurs, Hesperornis would have looked something like a six-foot-tall penguin with a beak full of sharp teeth . Its tiny arms would have made T rex look like a weightlifter, so it definitely couldn't have used them to fly.

Instead, Hesperornis used its oversized feet to propel itself through the water like a modern cormorant. Out of the water, Hesperornis walked awkwardly upright and probably couldn't travel far overland.

Vegavis and Asteriornis

Towards the end of the dinosaurs' reign, the earliest groups of modern birds began to appear. The first of these birds to be discovered was Vegavis from Antarctica, which in the time of dinosaurs would have been covered in trees rather than ice.

It was probably an ancestor of ducks and geese and one exceptional fossil of Vegavis even has a rare preserved vocal organ . Analysis of this fossil suggested that Vegavis couldn't make a songbird melody but could have made simple noises such as goose-like honks.

Sixty-six million years ago, not long before the asteroid impact , which caused the extinction of the non-bird dinosaurs, lived Asteriornis . This quail-sized bird from Belgium was an ancestor of modern ducks and chickens. Although it would have looked unremarkable compared to the giant swimming lizards and huge, toothed seagulls it lived alongside, this may have been to its advantage.

Scientists think that the small size of birds such as Asteriornis helped them to survive the mass extinction . Because smaller animals need less food and take less time to reproduce, these humble birds were able to survive and evolve into the birds you can see through your binoculars today.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .

Provided by The Conversation

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