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Waitangi Treaty Grounds

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Waitangi Treaty Grounds - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (2024)

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Albom Adventures

Capturing the essence of travel through photography

Inspiring New Zealand travel through photography

Waitangi Treaty Grounds: Visit the Birthplace of New Zealand

There is more to New Zealand than just stunning scenery, and nowhere is that more apparent than at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds. New Zealand’s most significant historic site is a fascinating journey into the country’s unique history.

Our journey starts out with the intricately carved war canoes and ends up with a partnership between the British and the Māori people. It’s the history along the way that makes the Waitangi Treaty Grounds a must-see destination for visitors to the country as well as locals.

Entry to the treaty grounds includes a guided tour as well as a cultural performance and museum entry. I strongly recommend doing all three while you explore the grounds. I have been here multiple times, each time with overseas visitors who, like me, found the stories told by our guide both engaging and captivating.

As American expats who have been living in and exploring NZ for over 20 years, we see things from both a local’s perspective and from that of a visitor. Therefore, we understand what it’s like to come here and have things be similar, but not always exactly what we are used to. We share the information on this page from this perspective.

What is the Treaty of Waitangi?

The Waitangi Treaty Grounds marks the location of the signing of the document that created the New Zealand we know today. On the 6th of February, 1840, the Māori and British people created a nation under one rule . . . and a controversy that is still being resolved. The problem stems from the interpretation of a single word: sovereignty.

The agreement between the Crown and the chiefs of the United Māori Tribes was in two languages, and they are not the same. The English version gave the crown sovereignty over the land.

As there is no direct translation (English to te reo Māori) of the word sovereignty, the translator used the word governance. Therefore, the chiefs believed they signed an agreement that allowed the Crown only governance in return for protection. There is much more to this issue than just this simple explanation.

February 6 marks Waitangi Day, the National Day of New Zealand, an annual designated public holiday. There are both Waitangi Day celebrations and Waitangi Day protests throughout the country, with the most significant of these at Waitangi grounds.

What’s at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds?

Start with our 45-second video:

Waka (War Canoes) at Waitangi Treaty Grounds and the arrival of the first Europeans

Headphones on, we could all hear our guide, a descendant of one of the chiefs. We began our tour with a short walk to the waka house; all the while our guide pointed out native birds, key plants, and how the Māori people use them.

As we approached the waka house, he began telling a story of New Zealand, from 1642 when Dutchman Abel Tasman became the first European to discover New Zealand. The Māori people had arrived 650 years earlier. With only 1000 years of history, New Zealand remains one of the world’s youngest nations.

According to our guide, the Māori had never seen a watercraft like the ships of the Europeans. When Tasman arrived, the Māori chief blew a horn to determine if these strange men had come in peace.

The trumpeted reply from Tasman’s ships sounded like war cries to the Māori people. They immediately climbed into their waka taua (war canoes) and headed out for a very unfriendly welcome to Tasman’s men. The defeat had Tasman pulling up anchor and sailing away.

These are not the same waka that we see today on the treaty grounds. In fact, that particular event took place in Golden Bay, a different part of the country. However, it is a significant piece of New Zealand history, as is the ceremonial waka on display at the treaty grounds.

Waka details

These hand-carved waka are impressive. Carved from kauri trees, the pieces are lashed together with flax rope. Once wet, the rope shrinks, pulling the swelling wood sections together. The dimpling on the sides is by design to allow the waka to go faster through the water. The larger of the waka weighs 6 tonnes dry and 12 tonnes wet.

A view from the top shows beams running width-wise. While warriors can sit upon the beams, they are actually there for strength. More often, the warriors will be inside, below the beams. Possibly the most famous guests onboard one of the Waitangi waka were Charles and Diana, the Prince and Princess of Wales , during their 1983 tour of New Zealand and Australia.

Pōwhiri, a traditional Māori greeting

We scheduled our cultural show to be right after our tour. This is a great way to do it, as the timing works perfectly. Plus, the tour starts at the visitor centre and ends at the meeting house, so it was just a few minutes to wait for the show.

Our experience began with a pōwhiri , a traditional Maori welcoming ceremony. Each group of visitors needs to choose one chief to be their leader. We have seen this many times, both here and at other events. To my surprise, people rarely volunteer for the role. I am recommending that you do. It is a fabulous cultural experience, and, as a bonus, you sit front row centre for the show.

Several years ago, Jeff was our group’s chief. A Maori warrior lay a rautapu (a symbolic offering – often a small branch) on the ground. Jeff picked it up, thus symbolizing that we come in peace. The warriors then welcomed our group inside for the cultural performance, following a hongi (shared breath) between the two chiefs.

Te Whare Rūnanga, a traditional meeting house at Waitangi Treaty Grounds

The Maori cultural performance takes place at Te Whare Rūnanga, which is a traditional carved meeting house built of timber and natural materials. Actually, this one deviates from tradition as it faces south, and the carved panels inside represent all of the Māori iwi (tribes) in New Zealand, rather than just local styles that would be found around the country.

The show consisted of dances, songs, and weaponry. More importantly, there was an easy-to-understand narration explaining the actions and the culture.

Treaty House

Now called the treaty house, it was originally the home of James Busby, the “British Resident” appointed by the Crown in New Zealand. It is located near the meeting house. The house, brought to New Zealand disassembled, has carved markings at the joints that aided in reassembly.

Original furnishings adorn most rooms. However, one room features a copy of the treaty made in the late 1800s before it began to age. The originals, both English and Māori, are safely stored in Archives New Zealand in Wellington .

Busby, along with James Stuart Freeman and William Hobson, co-authored a draft treaty in English. Henry Williams (missionary) and his son Edward translated it into Māori over one evening.

Te Kōngahu – the Museum of Waitangi

The Museum of Waitangi allows further exploration of New Zealand history through stories, artifacts, and video. Allow about an hour to go through, or longer if you want to read it all. The museum itself is a work of art, built to fit in with the landscape (see it in the video above).

Amongst the many interesting museum artifacts is the flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand. The flag had been first created as Busby needed a trading flag when he sailed so as not to be thought of as a pirate.

Views from the grounds

Marking the spot where the treaty was signed in 1840, the flagstaff flies three flags: the current New Zealand flag on top, Te Kara, the original flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, and the British Union Flag. From here, we enjoy expansive bay views.

How to visit the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

You will want a minimum of three hours on the grounds, but more is better. We have been here half a dozen times, mostly with overseas visitors. Typically, we spend between 3-4 hours.

Day pass to Waitangi Treaty Grounds and discount options

The best way to understand and enjoy the treaty grounds is to do it all: the guided tour, cultural show, museum, treaty house, grounds, and carving studio. Fortunately, it is all included in the day pass, which actually allows you two days of entry and is available at a discount on selected entries.

There is no one-day-only option, as the second day is like a free gift. We recommend taking advantage of the opportunity. Return to capture the photo you missed or just to relax on the beautiful grounds. If you arrive at peak times, there could be a queue to enter. Advanced tickets are available. Reserve your Waitangi Treaty Grounds day pass .

Day pass with hangi dinner and concert and discount options

If you want a more complete cultural experience, add a hangi dinner and concert to your day pass after the grounds have closed to the general public. Note: this option is only available from October through March and on Tuesday, Thursday, and some Saturday evenings.

You are welcomed with a drink and a bit of history. Next, watch the unearthing of the traditional hangi dinner. It has been steaming for a while in a traditional Māori earth oven, blending the flavours into a melt-in-your-mouth perfection. While dinner is set out, enjoy a guided walk through the native bush, followed by a Māori concert; then, you can enjoy the delicious flavours at the hangi dinner served buffet-style.

If you have never experienced a hangi (we attended one recently in Rotorua ), this may be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. The ticket for the hangi and concert includes the day pass described above. Reserve your Waitangi Treaty Grounds day pass with hangi and concert here .

More on visiting Waitangi Treaty Grounds

• The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are located in the Bay of Islands , 2 kilometres north of Paihia.
• There is plenty of free parking.
• The grounds and museum are open every day from 9 am to 5 pm, with extended hours in summer.
• Also on the grounds is a Māori carving studio, the Wharewaka cafe, and a gift shop.
• A day pass is valid for two days and includes a guided tour, cultural performance, museum, and ground entry. The tours and performances are on a time schedule.
• A hangi and concert option is available on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday summer evenings.
• More information is available on the official website .
• If you are heading up north in New Zealand to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds, consider adding a few days with this Northland itinerary from Auckland to Cape Reinga .

Save on your NZ trip with these resources

These are our go-to companies when we travel. We believe this list to be the best in each category. You can’t go wrong using them on your trip too.

• Flights: we use Expedia for the best and cheapest flight options.
• Accommodations: we use Booking.com (hotels), Bookabach (self-contained in NZ), or Hostelworld (budget).
• Cars (gas or electric): we use RentalCars to search for deals and dealer ratings.
• Motorcycles : we have heard good things about BikesBooking .
• Campervans or Motorhomes : we use Campstar where Albom Adventures readers get a 3% discount.
• Activity discounts : we check Bookme.com for discounts of up to 70% on activities.
• Private guides : we love the private guides at Tours by Locals .
• Travel Insurance: while not required, we always opt for travel insurance and start at InsureMyTrip to compare coverage plans.

Check out our travel resources page for more companies that we use when you travel.

Save for your visit to New Zealand

If you enjoyed this article, please share it on social media and save it for later on Pinterest.

Have you been to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds?

For more on New Zealand, start here: New Zealand Road Trips: Itineraries for North or South Island Adventures , or you might like …

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Hokitika Gorge and 11 Other Cool Things to Do in Hokitika NZ

Disclaimer: We worked with the local tourism board,  NorthlandInc , as well as the Waitangi Treaty Grounds to aid in writing this page. The opinions expressed here are strictly our own.

For more tips … join Explore New Zealand, the country’s largest NZ travel and photography group on Facebook (free).

About Rhonda Albom

Capturing the essence of travel through photography, Rhonda Albom is the primary author and photographer at Albom Adventures. She is an American expat based in New Zealand. She travels the world with her husband.

Reader Interactions

Paul Pietrangelo

February 8, 2020 at 4:05 am

What a unbelievable blog Rhonda. Ngatokimatawhaorua is an interesting name. New Zealand has so many interesting facets that it would be so difficulty to spend time learning about this island. Thank God we have you showing us about this wonderful place. Thanks my friend.

Cruisin Paul

February 7, 2020 at 6:23 am

That’s such an interesting history. I can see why Feb. 6th would be marked with both celebrations and protests.

February 7, 2020 at 3:19 am

I love cultural trips! It gives so much more meaning to visiting places. If I have the opportunity to go to NZ thanks to you this is def a place I will got to!

February 6, 2020 at 1:05 pm

Never heard of this place before. New Zealand seems like a great country to add to my bucket list. Thanks for this detailed guide, I enjoyed reading through it

February 6, 2020 at 12:03 pm

Some interesting history and cultural information. I learned something today because of you.

Nina Out and About

February 6, 2020 at 7:12 am

This is such a great, informative post! I lived in NZ for a year but never got to Waitangi. Now it feels like I did!

November 24, 2016 at 1:08 pm

I honestly know very little about the history of New Zealand so it was so nice to get to learn a little bit! You don’t see any kiwi history in U.S. school books unfortunately.

Paula McInerney

August 23, 2016 at 10:54 pm

I would definitely want to experience this. It seems synonymous with New Zealand, and an amazing way to learn about the culture and history. Seriously, I need to go to NZ.

August 23, 2016 at 3:53 am

Sounds like an interesting place to visit to learn about New Zealand’s history and culture, and the new museum certainly adds to its appeal! ~ Jessica

August 22, 2016 at 4:49 pm

The dancers look so engrossed in their performance, it would be a pleasure to watch them and listen to the narrative.

August 22, 2016 at 12:27 pm

If i’m ever blessed enough to get to New Zealand (which i really want to do), this will be at the top of my list of places to go.

August 22, 2016 at 12:07 pm

Very interesting Rhonda! Even in one language, one thing means something in one country and another in another country. I know that is true in Spanish. So, I can see how difficult it can be to reach a complete understanding when people speak different languages. I am reading more about the issue in the link you provided.

August 21, 2016 at 10:46 pm

As an Australian, it’s a little difficult to confess that I’ve not been to New Zealand. It’s always been so close, and I have chosen the faraway places. But I promise myself that I will explore our close neighbour. This looks like a place that should top the list of not to miss places.

August 21, 2016 at 5:18 pm

Waitangi Treaty Grounds seems definitely like one of those living history museum everybody should see. I’m sure those two European students enjoyed it a lot.

August 21, 2016 at 1:30 pm

Some great photos here! I am planning a visit to NZ and it seems my list of places to visit grows day by day. Thanks for sharing and explaining the treaty too! Your website is a great source of information for me!

August 21, 2016 at 8:05 am

this looks like a really worthwhile destination. It’s interesting to see where NZ, Australia, Canada and the US are alike and different in their treatment and mistreatment of the original native people in their countries. it’s the darker side of colonization for sure.

August 21, 2016 at 12:10 am

I love the shared breath photo – what a unique concept I’ve not seen elsewhere! Great photos – looks like quite an interesting place to visit.

Jim ~ ReflectionsEnroute

August 20, 2016 at 9:21 pm

Great post Mrs. Chief! We’ll need to visit Waitangi Treaty Grounds on our next visit.

August 20, 2016 at 2:30 pm

Thanks for the explanation about the treaty. One of my friends visited and found the rules about dealing with the Maori people confusing. I also have a CP who lives in NZ. She writes YA Contemporary fiction, and I suggested she write something with Maori characters in it. Western people like learning about different cultures. But she said she was afraid to because there can be backlash from the Maori community.

August 20, 2016 at 2:03 pm

Enjoyed your post, Rhonda. I have started planning my big trip to New Zealand next year so have added this to my places to visit.

August 20, 2016 at 10:03 am

I’d have to agree – Waitangi is a must see destination for folks. We thoroughly enjoyed our time there and learned heaps about NZ history.

Rhonda Albom

August 20, 2016 at 9:59 am

Very true, but at least New Zealand is working or resolving some of the issues.

Merlinda Little

August 20, 2016 at 4:28 am

What ana mazing experience! I will now call you Mrs Chief =)

August 20, 2016 at 10:00 am

Thank you, I have asked my family to call me Mrs. Chief, but they only laughed at me. 🙂

August 20, 2016 at 3:30 am

I would love to visit there. Treaties are often not worth the paper they are written on. Ask the American Indians. Just saying.

Alex J. Cavanaugh

August 19, 2016 at 11:59 pm

I bet that was a great show to see. (And you got some great shots of it.) I hope things were eventually ironed out after the treaty was signed. Funny how one word can make all the difference.

August 19, 2016 at 11:43 pm

This sounds like a great place to visit. I would like to go back to NZ!

August 19, 2016 at 5:56 pm

One of my favourite spots up north, last went there about 10 years ago, should go again 🙂

Lydia C. Lee

August 19, 2016 at 4:08 pm

I know little of NZ history, but currently reading Barkskins and interestingly they go there in the 1800’s….so this post is timely for me.

August 19, 2016 at 3:24 pm

That shot with hubby head to head breathing with the other chief is a classic. I travel around WI for food, music and outdoor photo ops. I guess I don’t go too far anymore but who knows. I envy your travels and thank you for your photos.

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Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi

Te Rau Aroha Museum

Historic Treaty House

Māori Cultural Performance

Carving Studio

Discover Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Experience Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Tau Henare Drive , Waitangi , New Zealand .

Discover the history of New Zealand. Waitangi Treaty Grounds welcomes you on a journey of discovery through New Zealand’s most important historic site.

Pricing and Conditions

Admission: Adult $60, NZ residents $30, Child (up to 18 years) Free - Children must be accompanied by a parent or caregiver. Price not valid for schools or groups. (Day Pass valid for 2 consecutive days)

Bookings that are cancelled less than 48 hours prior to the activity will incur a cancellation fee.

Waitangi Treaty Grounds welcomes you on a journey of discovery through Aotearoa New Zealand's most important historic site, where in 1840 New Zealand's founding document was signed: the Treaty of Waitangi. Enjoy an inspiring and interactive full-day experience through Waitangi’s two contemporary museums, powerful Māori cultural performances in an authentic Meeting House, informative guided tours, engaging visitor centre, lush native forest and gardens, inspiring art gallery and carving studio, traditional Māori waka (canoe) and hāngi, tranquil café and so much more, all with stunning views over the Bay of Islands. The award-winning Waitangi Treaty Grounds is a must-do for all visitors to the Bay of Islands.

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Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Our bi-cultural birthplace

Waitangi Treaty Grounds marks our start as a bi-cultural nation, where Te Tiriti o Waitangi was signed by Māori chiefs and the British Crown on 6 February 1840. It is our country's most important historic site.

Great for families

Entry fee may apply

Refreshments

Wheel chair accessibility

Often called the ‘Birthplace of our Nation’, Waitangi weaves together the strands and stories of many people, events and places to reveal the rich cultural history of Aotearoa New Zealand. It is a tūrangawaewae for all New Zealanders and the place where much of our country's history was shaped through the signing of the Declaration of Independence, He Whakaputanga, in 1835 and the Treaty of Waitangi, Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840.

The events leading up to the signing of these documents, the actual signing and their ongoing relevance to our nation are fully examined in this extraordinary place.

A growing desire for international recognition of New Zealand (and its governance) led to a meeting of Māori chiefs in 1835 at Waitangi. Concerned about the intentions of the growing number of Europeans, the chiefs put their signatures to a document which declared New Zealand’s independence. This Declaration of Independence (He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni) was acknowledged and supported by the British Government. However, overseas interests continued to arrive, with the United States and France competing for influence in New Zealand, as well as private British and French companies planning settlements.

Over time, British ties proved to be stronger than all others, with Māori and British becoming interdependent through business, marriage, children and religion. As a result, the Treaty of Waitangi was drafted by Captain William Hobson, and translated by Reverend Henry Williams into Te Reo Māori before being presented to local rangatira (chiefs). The Māori version of the Treaty was signed at Waitangi on 6 February 1840 by about 40 chiefs following extensive discussion and debate. By September 1840 over 500 leaders from throughout New Zealand had signed Māori versions of the document while only 39 signed the English version. Of the more than 200 copies circulated, nine returned with signatures. Many chiefs were not given the opportunity to sign or chose not to sign their name.

Most rangatira signed the Māori version (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) and by 1845 there was much discontent stemming from different translations of key terms in the two versions, particularly relating to sovereignty and possession of lands and other properties.

By 1867 Māori, now outnumbered by Europeans in New Zealand and dispossessed of much of their land, were granted four seats in Parliament. From this small beginning the political strength of Māori grew, both inside and outside the system.

After more than 100 years, the endurance of Māori resulted in the Treaty of Waitangi Act of 1975, an Act of Parliament which now governs and guides all Treaty-related issues and claims in New Zealand. This Act resulted in the formation of the Waitangi Tribunal which has heard and settled claims since 1975 and continues to be an integral part of contemporary Māori’s dedication to the struggle and resilience of their ancestors.

Waitangi Day, a day to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, is an acknowledgement of New Zealand’s past which provides a platform for all New Zealanders to consider what the Treaty means today. Recent years have seen the Government come together across parties to engage with mana whenua at the place where the Treaty was first signed.

Waitangi Treaty Grounds is proudly administered by the  Waitangi National Trust Board

See & Do

Visit Te Whare Rūnanga (the House of Assembly), which features beautiful and intricate carving, inside and out.

Walk by the waka house and touch the world’s largest war canoe, known as Ngātokimatawhaorua. This impressive vessel requires a crew of 76 to sail it.

Explore two new contemporary museums. Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi weaves together the stories and taonga (cultural treasures) which bring to life the history of Waitangi and Aotearoa New Zealand’s founding documents. Te Rau Aroha honours Māori who fought in conflicts in New Zealand and overseas.

Entry includes a tour and cultural performance. To help you make the most of your visit, you can also choose an all-inclusive Waitangi Day-Pass. Explore the Waitangi Treaty Grounds by day and enjoy a hāngī and concert in the evening.

Every year on 6 February - Waitangi Day - the Waitangi Treaty Grounds host a free festival which starts at 5am with a Dawn Service followed by all-day entertainment for everyone to enjoy.

More information

Visitor information.

Tau Henare Drive, Waitangi 0293

School Visits

Tailored curriculum-linked education programmes designed by the Waitangi Treaty Grounds' team of New Zealand trained teachers allow your ākonga to engage first-hand with the history of Aotearoa New Zealand told from the perspective of the place where Te Tiriti o Waitangi was first signed. On-site and virtual visits are available.

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The History Hit Miscellany of Facts, Figures and Fascinating Finds

• New Zealand

Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Waitangi, Far North District, New Zealand

The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are considered to be the birthplace of the nation of New Zealand.

Lucy Davidson

08 jul 2021, @lucejuiceluce.

About Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Often called ‘The Birthplace of our Nation’, The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are considered to be the founding site of New Zealand. Today, the site weaves together the strands and stories of many people, events, and places to reveal the rich cultural history of Aotearoa New Zealand.

History of Waitangi Treaty Grounds 

It was in Treaty House at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds on 6 February 1840 that the founding document of New Zealand was signed. This document was the Treaty of Waitangi and was the result of a collaboration between a large number of Maori chiefs and the British.

This treaty was intended to protect Maori property from ever increasing numbers of settlers from Britain and France. Under this document, the Maori were given British citizenship and a guarantee that their land would not be taken from them. In return, the British had first refusal on any land which the Maori sold. It is important to note that the true meaning of the Treaty of Waitangi has always been highly contested.

Waitangi Treaty Grounds Today

Visitors to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds can see Treaty House, where the document was first signed, the Maori Meeting House, which represents the different tribes and is also host to powerful Maori cultural performances, a traditional Maori waka (canoe) and hangi (traditional cooking methods), and the visitor centre, with its information boards and exhibits.

The Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi is also on the site and contains a wealth of information about the documents, their actual signing, and their ongoing relevance

Set amongst lush native forest and gardens and with a stunning view over the Bay of Islands, there is also an art gallery and carving studio, which make for creative and scenic additions to what is an unforgettable and fascinating visit.

Getting to Waitangi Treaty Grounds

From the centre of Auckland, the site is reachable in around 3 hours 15 minutes via the State Hwy 1 road. From Whangarei, it takes an hour by car via the same road, or is a scenic 4 hour bike ride.

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The Waitangi Treaty Grounds: Visitor Tips & 5 Reasons to Visit 🏛️ [2024]

Nz pocket guide is 10 years old. thank you for trusting us with your trip for over a decade, what you need to know before you go to the waitangi treaty grounds.

One of New Zealand’s most historic locations, the Waitangi Treaty Grounds is a must-visit when travelling to the Bay of Islands . It’s so significant that there is even an official public holiday called Waitangi Day . Not only is Waitangi, a 5-minute drive from Paihia , a stunning coastal location, but it is rich in history. Visit the museum, see a Maori cultural performance, do a bushwalk and visit the five main sights of the Waitangi Treaty Grounds which we’ve listed below.

You’ll instantly get a feel for what New Zealand is all about as you walk through some native bush across boardwalks to see Maori artefacts and British influence rolled into one. This exactly represents the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi: a founding agreement between the Maori and British. It has a fascinating history mixed in controversy, which you can learn the basics about in our New Zealand History Guide .

Tips for Visiting the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Before you visit the Waitangi Treaty Grounds, here are a few common questions answered, as well as a few extra tips for visiting.

Are the Waitangi Treaty Grounds Free?

The grounds are free to children aged under 18 years old. Visitors aged 18 years old and over are required to pay an admission fee of NZ$30 for New Zealand residents and NZ$60 for international visitors.

How Do You Get a Waitangi Treaty Grounds Discount?

If you have a New Zealand driver’s license , use it to for a discounted entry price into the Waitangi Treaty Grounds (i.e. the New Zealand resident discount mentioned above). Otherwise, tickets are often listed at a discounted price on websites such as Klook , Viator , Tripadvisor and KKday .

Where is the Location of the Waitangi Treaty Grounds?

The address is Tau Henare Drive, Waitangi. The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are located in the Bay of Islands of the North Island , approximately 2.4km (1.5 miles) from Paihia town centre.

How Long Do You Need for the Waitangi Treaty Grounds?

With so many experiences at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds, we recommend allowing two to three hours for your visit.

5 Reasons to Visit the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

1. te whare rūnanga – the carved meeting house.

To symbolise the partnership between the British Crown and the Maori, a stunning traditional Maori meeting house was built facing the Treaty House (see below). The meeting house is impressive and projects all the power of the Maori culture through carefully carved wood. Spend time looking through all the small details carved in its walls and pillars. It is also the location of scheduled Maori performances throughout each day.

2. The Treaty House

Also known as “the residency”, the treaty house was the base of the British government of New Zealand from 1833 to 1840. James Busby represented the crown from there and conducted his business from his parlour. Today you can visit the accurate refitting of the 1800s house and learn more about the ins and outs of the British colonisation.

3. The Flagstaff

To mark the exact emplacement where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, a huge flagstaff has been erected. The flagstaff flies four different flags, one being the United Tribes of New Zealand’s flag, the second being the British Union flag, then the New Zealand Ensign flag, and lastly the New Zealand flag flies on top.

4. Ceremonial Waka – The War Canoes

The world’s largest Maori ceremonial war canoe is displayed in the waka house. Impressive in numbers (6 tons dry and 76 paddlers minimum), the fully carved canoe is launched once a year on 6-February to celebrate Waitangi Day . An event not to be missed if you are in the area.

5. Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi

One place to basically learn all about one of New Zealand’s most defining moments in history is at The Museum of Waitangi. This modern museum is full of fascinating Maori and European artefacts, art and some short movies to watch a re-enactment of the Treaty of Waitangi signing.

More About the Bay of Islands

While you are exploring the Bay of Islands, check out the following guides to discover more amazing experiences:

• 15 Best Things to Do in the Bay of Islands  
• 13 Best Things to Do in Paihia
• 12 Best Things to Do in Kerikeri
• 7 Best Things to Do in Kawakawa
• 10 Best Things to Do in Russell

The information in this guide has been compiled from our extensive research, travel and experiences across New Zealand and the South Pacific, accumulated over more than a decade of numerous visits to each destination. Additional sources for this guide include the following:

• Tourism New Zealand (General travel advice - Updated [2024])
• Adventure Mark (Health and Safety Audit - Updated [2024])
• Work Safe NZ (Adventure Activities Guidelines - Updated [2024])
• Department of Conservation (Tracks, hikes, campsites and more - Updated [2024])
• AdventureSmart (Know before you go - Update [2024])
• NZ Māori Tourism (Official Māori Tourism platform - Updated [2024])
• Tourism Export Council New Zealand (Tourism trade association - Updated [2024])
• TIA (Independent tourism association - Updated [2024])
• Tiaki Promise (Care for people place and culture - Updated [2024])
• Council websites and freedom camping maps (Local travel advice region by region - Updated [2024])

Our editorial standards : At NZ Pocket Guide, we uphold strict editorial standards to ensure accurate and quality content.

About The Author

This article has been reviewed and published by Laura, the editor-in-chief and co-founder of NZ Pocket Guide. Laura is a first-class honours journalism graduate and a travel journalist with expertise in New Zealand and South Pacific tourism for over 10 years. She also runs travel guides for five of the top destinations in the South Pacific and is the co-host of over 250 episodes of the NZ Travel Show on YouTube.

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Waitangi, New Zealand; Visit the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

Waitangi Treaty Grounds, New Zealand

The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are New Zealand’s most important cultural site, and for visitors, it is an essential stopping point to gain an understanding of the turbulent, complex living history of the country. Now a large National Trust Reserve, Waitangi Treaty Grounds offer a captivating stop on a Northland tour, encompassing swathes of the Bay of Island’s estuary, native bush and wildlife filled mangrove forests. Though it is especially known for its history and culture, Waitangi offers an idyllic place to relax and reflect in nature.

Waitangi is littered throughout the pages of New Zealand’s history, representing the first sight of land, and trading point for all the early European Explorers and whalers, though with trade and exposure came conflict and anger. So it was here, on the shores of the Bay of Islands that European and Maori leaders came to negotiate, choose a flag and create a new nation. The Treaty House at Waitangi remains a huge draw for visitors from around New Zealand, and far beyond, and is one of the oldest buildings still standing, dating back to 1834. However, this is only half of the story. The Whare Runanga, a Maori meeting house built to commemorate the centenary of the Treaty, is utterly unique, showing carvings and folklore from tribes across New Zealand. The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are a spiritual place, where both sides of the treaty are celebrated and honoured.

Things to do in Waitangi, New Zealand

Throughout the year, guided tours are offered, both of the cultural and historic aspects of Waitangi, as well as guided nature tours through the bush. The guides ensure that the subtle messages, cultural symbolism and folklore that is etched into the site are not overlooked, providing a much richer experience. The Waitangi Treaty Grounds are also a great place to experience traditional Maori culture, with cultural performances, feasts and celebrations throughout the year to enjoy.

Waitangi’s central location on the Bay of Islands also makes it a sensational place from which to explore all that has made Northland and the Bay of Islands a visitor’s favourite in New Zealand. The Bay of Islandsis famed as one of the most beautiful spots in New Zealand, a huge claim, with 144 islands littered throughout the bay, set against a backdrop of a volcanic landscape, bathed in rainforest.

The Bay of Islands is famous for the beauty and nature which abounds in the sea. Swimming with dolphins and deep sea diving trips are among the world’s best, and for serious sea anglers, this is New Zealand’s Marlin capital. There is never a shortage of things to do in Waitangi.

Treaty House

Ko te Whare Tiriti, te whare Pūhipi, te Nohonga o Ingārangi Whānui rainī, tētahi wāhi i tau ai ngā take nui I te hītori o Nīu Tīreni.  

The first flag for the nation was chosen here in 1834; the 1835 Declaration of Independence was drafted in the house by James Busby and presented to the northern chiefs; and the Treaty of Waitangi was given its finishing touches here before being read to the chiefs on 5 February 1840.

Te whare hoko tuatahi mā ngā āpiha o te Kāwanatanga o a Piritene

I tapahi tōmuatia te whare tiriti tuatahi i Poihākena, i hangaia ki te rākau mārō nō Ahitereiria, ka kawea mai mā runga kaipuke kia hangaia i te pae nei i te 1834. Ko taua whare he whare noho mō te māngai whai mana o te Kāwanatanga o Piritene i Aotearoa. I roto i te whare i te tau 1840 he pāra (nohomanga rānei), tētahi rūma moe nui, he kauhanga i waenganui, me tētahi rūma kākahu iti. I roto i tētahi whare motuhake ko te kīhini, he rūma rokiroki me te rūma hāwini. I tāpiritia ētahi rūma moe e toru i te 1841 hei nohonga mō te whānau tupu haere o Puhipi.

Nō te whānau Puhipi tonu te whare me tōna pāmu tae rā anō ki te hokonga atu i te tau 1882. I ngā tau e 50 i whai ake kīhai i tiakina te whare, me te aha ka hanga karukaru haere. He mea wehewehe te papawhenua, ka whakatūria ētahi whare i te wā e noho ana a Ngātokimatawhaorua i tēnei wā. Hoianō, i a Kāwana-Tianara Rore Bledisloe rāua ko Reiri Bledisloe e toro ana i Waitangi i te 1932 i runga anō i te tono a te Mema Pāremata a Vernon Reed, ka mīharo rāua ki te hiranga o taua wāhi. Nā rāua te whare me ngā whenua huri rauna i hoko mai, ka takoha atu ki ngā iwi o Aotearoa hei whakamaumahara ā-motu i raro i te Tiriti. I oti he mahi whakarauora nui, tuatahi ake i te tau 1933 i tapaina ai ko te Whare Tiriti, i te tau 1989 anō hoki.

I tēnei rā ka kite koe i ētahi rūma whai kaupapa motuhake me te wāhi whakatau manuhiri i te tomokanga pērā i te tau 1834 i whakamahia ai hei Wharenoho Piritene tuatahi i Aotearoa, hei tari anō hoki mā Hemi Puhipi. E whakaatu ana ngā rūma whai kaupapa e rua i te kōrero o te whānau Puhipi me te āhua o te noho i reira mō Hēmi, Akinihi me ā rāua tamariki. E tūhurahura ana te pāra i tāpiritia ai ngā taipitopito whakaoti ki te Tiriti o Waitangi i te awenga o Puhipi ki te tauira reo Ingarihi me ōna taipitopito whakaoti ki te tauhuringa reo Māori a te Minita Henare Wiremu.

Torotorongia ngā Whare Taonga me ngā Taonga

TE WHARE RŪNANGA

NGĀTOKIMATAWHAORUA

TE RAU AROHA

TREATY HOUSE

Waitangi Treaty Grounds | Where New Zealand became a state …?

The Waitangi Treaty Grounds is a historic attraction in New Zealand. This is, in fact, the place where New Zealand officially gained its independence from Great Britain on February 6, 1840. At the Treaty House, one of the attractions on the grounds was James Busby (1802- 872) and some Maori tribal leaders signed the treaty. Since 1975, Waitangi Day has been an official holiday in New Zealand and celebrations take place at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds every year. Anyone who wants to learn more about New Zealand’s history should absolutely visit this place. Off to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds …!

New Zealand’s history as a nation begins here …

Although New Zealand became a British colony and is still part of the British Commonwealth, it was Dutchman Abel Tasman (1603-1659) who was one of the first Europeans to discover the country in 1642. Upon arrival at the quay, he was welcomed by the local population, the Maori, with trumpets, not knowing what that meant. They did not understand each other, but when the next day 4 of Tasman’s people were killed the message was clear. Tasman left, explored the islands, and never returned….

More than 100 years later, it was British mariner James Cook (1728-1779) who arrived in New Zealand on his first expedition in 1770. Unlike Tasman, he was much more positive about the area and claimed it as a colony of Britain. His relationship with the Maori was also somewhat better than Tasman had with the locals. But the Europeans were not eager to settle here….

The Treaty of Waitangi?

At the beginning of the 19th century, major changes were taking place in New Zealand. Traders, missionaries, and whalers flocked to New Zealand and indulged in drinking and prostitution. By 1840, there were about 2,000 Europeans living in the country against 115,000 Maori, and the relationship seemed to be getting worse, partly because of conflicts over land divisions appropriated by the Europeans. Time for an agreement that we now know as the Treaty of Waitangi….

But before the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, it was the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand in 1835 that preceded it. This involved northern Maori chiefs and the British envoy to New Zealand, James Busby. But it was primarily a message to the French, who were planning to colonize New Zealand.

On February 5, 1940, Maori tribal leaders and James Busby met in Waitangi. The Maori were given protection by England and in return, the British Queen Victoria was able to buy land in exchange for privileges for the Maori. In the decades that followed, conflicts arose mainly due to the correct interpretation of the Treaty, which was written in both Maori and English. The Maori thought that all of New Zealand belonged to them; the English believed that this applied only to the territories they owned at the time. And still, there is controversy over the correct interpretation.

Nevertheless, February 6, 1840, is considered the day New Zealand came into existence as a state. Since 1974 it has been a national holiday under the name Waitangi Day .

Sights of the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

If you want to learn more about New Zealand’s history as a state then the Waitangi Treaty Grounds is the place to be. Don’t hesitate to spend a few hours there, because there are a number of things you shouldn’t miss. Below are a number of interesting attractions.

Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi

Since 2016, you can visit the Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi. If you want to know more about the background of this treaty than you can find in this article, be sure to visit this interactive museum.

Te Wao Nui o Tāne

After visiting the Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi, you’ll find yourself in Te Wao Nui o Tāne, or the Empire of Tāne. Here you’ll learn about New Zealand’s beautiful flora and fauna, including 2 camellia trees allegedly planted by the Busby family in 1833.

Treaty House or Busby House

The most important place to see is the house where the Maori chiefs and Brit James Busby signed the treaty. In 1834, he was the first British envoy to live in this place and have his office. Also, it was in 1834 that the Maori raised their first flag here and this was also the place where the Declaration of Independence was signed. In the rooms, you will find information about these events.

Maori War Canoe

The largest war canoe, also called Ngātokimatawhaorua is here on the grounds under a canopy. The Waka (canoe) plays an important role in Maori culture and this one was built to mark the 100th anniversary in 1940 of the Treaty of Waitangi. Every year on February 6, the Waka is used to celebrate the festivities surrounding this day. The canoe is about 38 meters of land and made of Kauri trees with the approval of Tāne Mahuta, the Māori god of the forest.

A war canoe of the Maori The Waka, a war canoe of the Maori

Te Rau Aroha Museum

In addition to the Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi, you can also visit the Te Rau Aroha Museum. This museum tells the story of The 28 (Māori) Battalion. During World War II (1939-1945), they left for the Middle East and Europe to fight against the German and Italian occupiers. It consisted of about 800 people, divided into 5 divisions. The museum tells the story of the family and the victims.

Te Whare Rūnanga + cultural performances

Te Whare Rūnanga is a meeting place in a typical Maori style. Built-in 1940, this building is made of wood and other natural materials. Together with the Treaty House, the two embody the partnership between the British Crown and the Maori.

Several times a day you can attend a cultural performance by the Maori. Be sure not to forget this, as it is a unique experience to discover the culture of the locals.

Practical information for visiting the Waitangi Treaty Grounds

The Waitangi Treaty Grounds is a unique place to discover the history of the country. The grounds are open daily from 9 am to 6 pm during the months of November through March. The rest of the year is between 9 am and 5 pm. Admission to the grounds costs $50 New Zealand dollars.

Staying near the Waitangi Treaty Grounds? Book a hotel or hostel in Paihia

How to get there?

The best way to reach the Waitangi Treaty Grounds is by rental car. From Auckland, it takes about 3 hours. Looking for a rental car? I booked a rental car with Sunny Cars . This rental company is slightly more expensive than usual, but everything is nicely arranged and you have the All-in car rental according to Sunny Cars.

Maybe also interesting?

• Paihia, Bay of Islands | Meet the dolphins of New Zealand | Travel Guide

Do you have any tips, ideas, or comments about Waitangi Treaty Grounds in New Zealand? Feel free to leave a message below.

Historian and Backpacker/World Traveler. In Travel4history I write about special destinations from a historical point of view. How else can you get to know and understand the world better than by learning about its history....

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Planning a trip to Moscow? Our travel guide contains up-to-date, personal information on everything from what to see , to when to visit , where to stay , and what to eat !

• General Information
• What to see
• How to get to Moscow
• Where to stay
• Where to eat

Why visit Moscow?

Majestic churches, impressive historic fortresses, and palatial buildings: Moscow is a fascinating city whose emblematic architecture reflects the turbulent history that has defined Russia throughout the centuries.

The traces of the USSR can be found around every corner of the city , side by side with the iconic relics of Imperial Russia , like the mythical Red Square , the imposing Kremlin , and the beautiful  St Basil's Cathedral . 

Discover a fascinating world of Cold War bunkers, golden-domed basilicas, world-class art museums, and the legendary "palace of the people,"  as the Moscow Metro has been nicknamed. Whether you fancy watching a classical Russian ballet at the Bolshoi Theatre , perusing the fine arts at the Pushkin Museum , or marveling at the sheer size of the monuments to the Soviet state's achievements at the  All-Russia Exhibition Centre , this travel guide will help you on your way!

Where to start?

If you're going to travel to Moscow and you don't know much about the city yet, the first thing to do is to dive into its legendary history - understanding the past will help you understand the present. Next, check out our practical hints and tips on traveling to the city before discovering which of its most important museums , monuments , and attractions pique your interest.

Looking for a place to stay?

Booking your accommodation in advance is the best way to get great discounts. Our detailed guide on where to stay in Moscow  will help you decide which neighborhood you'd like to look for hotels or apartments in, and our hotel search engine will find you the best deals!

Why is our Moscow travel guide the best?

Introducing Moscow is a  city guide written by travelers for travelers  and contains personalized advice to help you make the most of your trip to the city.

All the information in this guide is valid as of December 2022. If you find any errors or have any comments, please feel free to contact us .

Our travel guides

• top attractions
• where to stay
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Things to do in Moscow: how to visit Moscow | Unmissable, cool & unusual

• September 2, 2023

What are the best things to do in Moscow? What to do in Moscow? First, I will list the main places to visit by theme, passing by the must-sees, but also more unusual places in Moscow. Then, I will describe what to see in Moscow in one day and how to visit Moscow in 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 days. Let’s go!

Good to know. For more information, click on the places to open the dedicated blog posts.

Main places to visit in Moscow & best things to do in Moscow

I worked in Moscow and I loved this city for its dynamism and energy. We find there from time to time to see friends, remember good memories and enjoy this giant city! Then the time has come for us to share with you our practical guide.

TOP 5 must-see places in Moscow

• Moscow Red Square
• St. Basil’s Cathedral
• Cathedral of Christ the Savior
• Bolshoi Theatre

Places of cultural, historical and religious interest in Moscow

• Novodevichy Convent and cemetery
• Tretyakov Gallery
• Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
• Kremlin Izmaïlovo (pseudo-historic place, recently built in the image of the old, one of the best things to do in Moscow for your Instagram account 😉 )
• Park and ancient village of Kolomenskoye

Visit Moscow of the Soviet era

• Moscow State University and Sparrows Hill
• VDNKh and the Museum of Astronautics, one of the key landmarks of the Soviet era in Moscow
• GULAG Museum
• Metro stations
• The Stalinist skyscrapers, scattered all over the city

Less touristy places in Moscow

• Gorky Park and the GARAGE museum
• The old Krasny Oktyabr factory
• Zaryadye Park
• Center for Contemporary Art, WINZAVOD
• Business center, Moscow City

Main districts of Moscow to visit

• Patriarch Ponds
• Tchistye Prudy
• Kuznetsky most
• Arbat Street

However, regardless of the length of your stay, whether you are going to visit Moscow in 4 days or in 2, you need a visa. The article Obtaining a tourist visa for Russia could then be useful in any case.

What to do and see in Moscow in one day?

List of things to see and do in Moscow in one day:

• Go to Red Square
• Visit St. Basil’s Cathedral
• See Kremlin walls (but not to visit)
• Visit Cathedral of Christ the Savior
• Discover Kuznetsky most districts and see Bolshoi Theatre building
• And if you have time at the end of the day: go to the Sparrows Hill or to the Moscow City for a beautiful view

Things to do in Moscow in 2 days

If you want to visit Moscow in 2 days, there are 2 purposes: do not miss the essential places of Moscow and optimize travel.

• First day: Red Square , Saint Basil’s Cathedral , Zariadye Park, Bolshoi Theatre , Kremlin
• Day 2: Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the former Krasny Oktyabr factory on Balchug Island, Gorky Park, Moscow State University (one of the Seven Sisters buildings ) and Sparrow Hill

As 2 days os really short, be sure to choose an accommodation in the best districts where to stay in Moscow .

Walking on Red Square in Moscow: one of the unmissable things to do in Moscow

Iconic place and one of the must-see places in Moscow and even in Russia! Besides, if there was only one place to visit in Moscow in 2 days, this place would then be Red Square, without hesitation. Therefore, starting the city tour with Red Square is ideal . Several buildings are on the square, but not all of them have to be visited. Check out my blog post about Moscow’s Red Square in detail to learn more and not miss anything.

Visiting Saint-Basil’s Cathedral inside

Even more emblematic than Moscow’s Red Square! Built in the middle of the 16th century under the orders of Tsar Ivan Le Terrible, this cathedral is one of the most beautiful monuments of Orthodox art, and definitely one of the unmissable places in Moscow. Visiting Saint-Basil’s Cathedral inside is one of the most beautiful things to do in Moscow!

• Visit estimate time : 1h30
• Entry ticket : 700 RUB. Tickets can be purchased on the cathedral’s official website 45 days before the tour.
• Audio guide (recommended): 500 RUB
• Opening hours : June to August 10 am-6pm; from November to April: 11 am-5pm; May, September, October 11 am-5pm. Cathedral closed on Wednesdays. Entrance is closed 45 minutes before closing.
• Find out more in the dedicated article: Saint Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow

Take a walk in Zariadye park: one of the coolest things to do in Moscow after visiting Red Square

Zaryadie Park is just a 10-minute walk from St. Basil’s Cathedral, so it’s easy to include in your itinerary if you’re going to visit Moscow in 2 days. From its heights, you can see the red walls of the Kremlin. But, the most impressive point of view is the platform which overlooks the Moskva river. A must see! And clearly one of the coolest things to do in Moscow!

• Open 24 hours a day
• Good to know! Park Zaryadye is also a place to visit in Moscow in winter. Find out more here: What to do in Moscow in winter?

See the Bolshoi Theatre and discover the Kuznetsky Most district

The Bolshoi Theatre is the most famous Russian theater in the world. The most economical way to see a presentation at the Bolshoi Theater is to take the tickets on the theater’s official website in advance, so here is our tutorial to help you: How to buy entrance tickets to the Bolshoi? In addition, several pedestrian or one-way streets

The Bolshoi Theater is the most famous Russian theater in the world. The most economical way to see a presentation at the Bolshoi Theater is to take the tickets on the theater’s official website in advance, so here is our tutorial to help you: How to buy tickets to the Bolshoi? In addition, several pedestrian or one-way streets are located north of the theater. It is therefore very pleasant to find them to leave the main axes of the megalopolis.

Visit the Moscow Kremlin

Visit Kremlin is on top of things to do in Moscow. A place of power for centuries, the Kremlin then shows us a whole different image when viewed from the inside. If you want to visit Moscow in 2 days, the Kremlin is certainly one of the must-see places in Moscow.

• Opening hours : Daily from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., except Thursday.
• See our blog post about visiting the Moscow Kremlin

Visit the Cathedral of Christ the Savior

This impressive Moscow Cathedral is the seat of the Russian Orthodox Church. It is a must see if you visit Moscow in 2 days and clearly one of the things to do in Moscow. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior was first built in 1883 in memory of Russia’s victory over Napoleon’s Grand Army. Then in 1931 Stalin ordered its destruction. It was then rebuilt again (identically) only in 2000.

• Where? Ulitsa Volkhonka 15. At the foot of the Kropotkinskaya metro station.
• Opening hours . Daily: 10: 00-17: 00, except Monday: 13: 00-17: 00
• Free entry (some closing restrictions, for example a short)

Good to know! In orthodox religious places, one must avoid excessively uncovered clothing. Women should cover their heads. After visiting the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, you can explore Bolotny Island and Gorky Park. This is one of the routes our guide to Moscow.

The old Krasny Oktyabr factory: one of the coolest things to do in Moscow

If you cross the Moskva River by a pedestrian bridge which is located just in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the city and at the same time you can discover Balchug Island. Furthermore, if you want to visit Moscow in 2 days, you can include this island in your itinerary between the cathedral and Gorky park. Here is the old confectionery factory Krasny Oktyabr, which has gradually turned into a fashionable micro-district. There are then some elements of street art, cafes and restaurants and some Moscow bohemian side. At the end of the island you can see a gigantic 98-meter-high monument dedicated to the Russian reforming tsar Pierre The Great.

Good to know! You can find on this island are the trendiest nightclubs in Moscow. On weekends, there are taxi caps after midnight so there are so many people. On the other hand, if you go there in winter and during the day, the island is quite empty and less interesting to see.

Gorky Park is one of the TOP places to visit in Moscow, because it allows you to better understand the life of the locals and their rhythm. In fact, it’s a huge entertainment park. For example, in winter there is a giant ice rink and in summer – free dance or yoga lessons, sandy beaches for playing volleyball, an outdoor cinema. So, like the locals, have a Stakantchik (ice cream or cooked corn), and enjoy the atmosphere of the place: that’s one of the interesting things to do in Moscow to discover the city.

• Where? Krymsky Val 9. 20 minutes’ walk from Krasny Oktyabr, along the quays.

Sparrow Hill and Moscow State University

The Sparrow Hill, Vorobiovy Gori in Russian, is the highest point in Moscow. It is rather known to Russians, but less to travelers. A nice view on Moscow opens from the hill, and in particular on the Luzhniki Stadium. In addition, on the hill itself is the Moscow State University: an impressive skyscraper from the Soviet era.

• How to get there? By bus T7 (35 min) from Oktyaborskaya station, near Gorki Park. By metro (Vorobiovy Gorki station) + climb the hill on foot. On foot along the Moskva along the Gorky Park (1h30) + climb in funiculars.

Good to know! It is possible to cross the Moskva river by funicular. We actually tested it and it was pretty cool! That is one of our favorite things to do in Moscow!

What to do in Moscow in 3 days?

If you are going to visit Moscow in 3 days, it would be interesting to dive into the Soviet era which strongly marked the country and the city. After the Bolshevik Revolution, the capital was transferred from Saint Petersburg to Moscow, in order to mark the change of power. Moscow then became the world showcase for communist ideology. Here are the best things to do in Moscow for 3-day-trip!

VDNKh, visit Moscow of the Soviet era

VDNKh is a large exhibition center in the north of Moscow, where there are still several striking witnesses of the USSR. The most interesting are the Museum of Cosmonauts and the Statue of the Worker and the Kolkhozian , which will certainly impress you with its size!

GULAG History Museum

The explanations of the museum are very well done. We really have the feeling of going back in time. If you are going to visit Moscow in 3 days and you are interested in history and this subject in particular, I recommend this museum. Visit the GULAG History Museum is one of the most interesting things to do in Moscow.

Discover the Patriarche Pounds district

It’s a nice neighborhood in Moscow where you can come across rather affluent locals, but not necessarily very bling-bling. Take a walk in this area is really a cool thing to do in Moscow! In addition, the Ponds of Patriarch is one of the places of Bulgakov’s novel “Master and Margarita”. As this is an interesting area to see, we have included it in a walking tour of Moscow. The route ends at the Moscow Kremlin, which is very convenient, because you will be able to visit Moscow in 3 days by optimizing your trips.

What to visit in Moscow in 4 days: TOP things to do in Moscow in 4 days

If you want to visit Moscow in 3 days, you will already see a lot of things. On the other hand, if you stay one more day, you have plenty to do! The Novodevichy Convent, the Tchistie Proudy district and the Izmaylovo Kremlin are very good candidates for you, if you are going to visit Moscow in 4 days.

Visiting Novodevichy Convent in Moscow

The Novodevichy Convent is one of the most brilliant examples of Russian architecture, according to UNESCO. This beautiful complex was built in 1524 and today consists of the convent, but also of a cemetery whose status could be compared to that of Père-Lachaise in Paris. Visiting Novodevichy Convent is one of the great things to do in Moscow, if you want to go a little bit outside of the center!

Discovering Tchistye Proudy district

It’s one of the most popular areas of Moscow, with many cafes, restaurants and bars nearby. It is therefore a place to discover if you want to visit Moscow in 4 days. It is just as pleasant for a stroll as for the discovery of local life. For example, in winter the pond turns into an ice rink.

Visiting the Izmaylovo Kremlin, one of the coolest things to do in Moscow!

The Izmaylovo Kremlin is more of a tourist than a historic place. On the other hand, it is a pretty impressive place to discover, especially on weekends. Inside the Kremlin, there is a flea market where you can find a little bit of everything, but mostly good souvenirs to bring from Moscow. For example, chapka, traditional Russian scarves or matryoshka (Russian dolls). Add the Kremlin and the Izmaïlovo market to your itinerary if you are going to visit Moscow in 4 days, because it is a nice and very colorful place! Visiting the Izmailovo Kremlin is one of the things to do in Moscow, if you want to put colors in your Instagram account! 😉

In 4 days, we will have the opportunity to see several Moscow: Classic Moscow, Moscow of old Russia, Soviet Moscow and a little bit of the new Moscow. So what to visit in Moscow on the 5th day of travel?

What to visit in Moscow in 5 days?

Art lovers will be delighted to discover the Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, while others will prefer to stroll along Arbat Street, see the buildings of Moskva-City or visit Bunker 42.

Admiring Russian art at Tretyakov Gallery

Founded in 1856 by an industrialist and great lover of art, the gallery has grown over the decades, and then bequeathed to the state. Today the collection includes more than 140,000 pieces, 15,000 of which are paintings. Visiting the Tretyakov Gallery is one of the things to do in Moscow if you want to discover Russian art!

• Where? Pereoulok Lavrouchinski 10. A 5-minute walk from Tretiakovskaya station
• Opening hours. Open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. until 9 p.m. Thursday and Friday. Closed on Mondays.
• Entry tickets. 500 RUB.

Visiting the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts presents the treasures of ancient Egypt, the paintings of Rembrandt and Cézanne, a fine collection of Impressionism.

• Where? Ulitsa Volkhonka 12
• Opening hours. Daily: 10: 00-20: 00, except Thursday: 11: 00-21: 00. Closed on Mondays. The boxes close an hour before closing.
• Entry tickets. The prices vary according to the collections from 300 to 750 RUB.

Walking on Arbat Street

All Russians know Rue Arbat. So, walking on Arbat street is one of the things to do in Moscow. However, after the years, little by little it became very touristy. This is a pedestrian street only. There are souvenir shops, restaurants and cafes there, but it is no longer the most authentic neighborhood in the city.

Seeing the buildings of Moskva-City (Moscow City)

Moskva-City is Moscow’s business center, much like Paris’s Defense district. The skyscrapers of Moskva-City are among the tallest in Europe: 373 meters high! Very nice place to see at dusk.

Good to know! You can admire a nice view of Moscow City from the docks of Tarasa Shevchenko. It’s especially beautiful in the evening with all the lights on.

Bunker 42, one of the most unusual things to do in Moscow

Bunker 42 is a secret military complex which was to be used by the Soviets in the event of a nuclear attack: a space of 7000 m² 65 meters underground!

• Where? 5 Kotelnitcheski Lane, 11.
• Prices. 2200 RUB per person
• Opening hours. Open daily from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
• Restaurant inside. Original, but rather a tourist trap.

What to visit in Moscow in 6 days or more?

There are still so many places to see, because Moscow is a big megalopolis and there is always something exciting to do there. For example: the ancient Kolomenskoye village or the WINZAVOD contemporary art center .

If you are interested in history and want to see Russian cities on a rather “human scale”, it would certainly be interesting for you to discover the cities of the Golden Ring . For example, it is very easy to get to Sergey Posad from Moscow (less than 2 hours in train). Visiting the Golden Ring is one of the best things to do in Moscow if you are staying more than a 5-6 days.

There are still plenty of places to see in Moscow, however I did my best to list here the best things to do in Moscow, what to see in Moscow in one day, but also in 2, 3, 4 or 5 days in Moscow!

Moscow travel tips:

• Airport transfer: how to go to Moscow?
• Where to stay in Moscow (hotels, districts)?
• Tourist voucher for Russian visa
• Christmas and New Year in Moscow
• What is the best time to visit Moscow?

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The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington, DC 20500

Statement from President Joe   Biden on NATO’s 75th   Anniversary

Today, we celebrate a historic milestone: the 75 th   anniversary of NATO.

This is the greatest military alliance in the history of the world. But it didn’t happen by accident, nor was it inevitable. Generation after generation, the United States and our fellow Allies have chosen to come together to stand up for freedom and push back against aggression—knowing we are stronger, and the world is safer, when we do.

We saw this during the Cold War, as we stood united against the forces of Soviet totalitarianism. We saw it again when America was attacked on September 11, 2001 and our Allies invoked NATO Article 5—an attack against one, is an attack against all—for the first and only time in history. And we’ve seen it over the last two years, as Allies have stepped up to support the brave people of Ukraine in the face of Russia’s vicious invasion—the largest war in Europe since World War II.

Today, NATO is larger, stronger, and more determined than ever before. We’ve added Finland and Sweden to the Alliance—two democracies, with two highly capable militaries. Over the past three years, our NATO Allies have increased their own annual defense spending by almost $80 billion. As our adversaries have plotted to break our remarkable unity, our democracies have stood unwavering. And this July, the United States will host a Washington NATO Summit—bringing together our Allies to modernize our defense and deterrence.

Now, like generations before us, we must choose to protect this progress and build on it. We must remember that the sacred commitment we make to our Allies—to defend every inch of NATO territory—makes us safer too, and gives the United States a bulwark of security unrivaled by any other nation in the world. And like our predecessors, we must ask ourselves what can we do—what must we do—to create a more peaceful future.

75 years ago today—after signing the treaty that brought NATO into existence—President Harry Truman said: “If there is anything certain today, if there is anything inevitable in the future, it is the will of the people of the world for freedom and for peace.” I believe that will is stronger today than ever before—and in the years ahead, I know we’ll prove it. 

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Waitangi Treaty Grounds 1 Tau Henare Drive, Waitangi, Bay of Islands

From Auckland: Waitangi Treaty Grounds is an approximately 3-hour drive from Auckland. Follow State Highway 1 north to Whangārei (165km) and then follow the signs north to Kawakawa (a further 60km). From there, follow the signs to the Bay of Islands and Paihia (15km). Take the waterfront road through Paihia to the roundabout. Go straight through the roundabout and across the one-lane bridge to the Waitangi Treaty Grounds (signposted). ‍ ‍ From Paihia: We are 2km from Paihia, an easy 25-minute walk or 2-minute drive.

Accessibility

The 16-hectare Grounds consist of varying landscapes and accessways, including boardwalks, concrete paths, tracks, beaches and lawns. The varying landscape can be difficult for visitors with restricted mobility to navigate.

Without the help of a companion it may be difficult to participate in some of our onsite activities (guided tour and cultural performance) and visit taonga such as the waka. Te Kōngahu Museum of Waitangi has a lift between the foyer on the ground floor and gallery and restrooms on the first floor.

Wheelchair Accessibility

Te Rau Aroha Museum of the Price of Citizenship has wheelchair access. We also have wheelchairs (max user capacity 100kg) and ramps available. Please let us know your needs at the time of booking so we can ensure you are well supported.

You will find free parking for visitors to Waitangi Treaty Grounds right outside the main entrance.

Additional parking is available on Tau Henare Drive. Accessible car parking is available in the main car park, closest to the main entrance. If you require mobility support from the carpark we have wheelchairs available for use. We encourage any accessibility questions or concerns to be raised at the time of booking so we are prepared to accommodate your needs on arrival.

UCL Faculty of Laws

International Criminal Law (LAWS0349)

This module encompasses substantive law and procedure; international courts as institutions; and conceptual and normative challenges arising in the development, present operation, and future of international criminal law.

‘International criminal law’ is a relatively new field of international law, and one that is surprisingly difficult to demarcate. Certain ‘international’ crimes spring readily to mind (such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression), but there are many other offences which international treaties require states to criminalize in domestic law, including torture and offences related to terrorism. Conduct that is an element of one or more ‘international’ crimes may sometimes also be prosecuted as a more quotidian domestic crime; and, subject to international law rules governing the exercise of national criminal jurisdiction, ‘international’ crimes may be prosecuted in domestic courts, as well as in the specially-established tribunals with which international criminal law is often associated (such as the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo; the International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda; the International Criminal Court; and ‘hybrid’ tribunals like those for Sierra Leone, Cambodia and Lebanon). 

These complexities give a good sense of why international criminal law is interesting, not only for those committed to mastering the sub-field but for those with generalist or theoretical interests in international law. Aspects of international criminal law—particularly long-standing debates over aggression, and the focus of international criminal law on individual responsibility (and on the human person as victim)—are intertwined with the changing nature of the international legal order as a whole. International criminal law intersects with principles of general public international law in areas like jurisdiction and immunities but has also generated a highly specific body of norms and jurisprudence, which the module will explore. International criminal law showcases ways in which international law can develop (while shedding light on theories of sources and interpretation); illuminates the negotiation of procedural matters and institutional structures between often-divergent judicial and legal traditions; and poses fundamental questions about the interrelation of law and justice.

Teaching in the module will focus on both careful legal analysis, and the larger historical, conceptual and normative questions to which the field gives rise; each informing the other.

Module Syllabus

Precise topics will vary to reflect current developments, but indicative topics include:

A general overview of foundations of international law relevant to the field (including sources, jurisdiction and immunities, the law of the United Nations, the law on use of force); 

The range of crimes arising under customary international law and treaty, and definitions of ‘international crimes’ over time; 

Prosecution of international crimes in national criminal courts (including matters of jurisdiction, immunities, amnesties); 

The development of international criminal courts; 

Key features of the International Criminal Court (including jurisdiction, admissibility, cooperation with states); 

Elements of select crimes; 

Modes of responsibility; 

Grounds for excluding responsibility; and 

International criminal law and international criminal justice: tensions and future possibilities. 

Recommended Materials

Core reading on each topic will be assigned from one or both of the following books (both of which are available from the library): 

Roger O’Keefe, International Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 2015); and 

Robert Cryer, Darryl Robinson and Sergey Vasiliev, An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, 4th ed (Cambridge University Press, 2019). 

We will also be using extracts from other works, and a range of judgments, articles and other texts. Individual seminar reading lists and these other course materials will be provided via online module pages, available at the beginning of term once students have enrolled. 

Preliminary Reading

Students with no previous knowledge of public international law should read one or more of: 

Jan Klabbers, International Law, 3rd ed (Cambridge University Press 2021), esp chapters 2, 3, 5, 7, 8; and  

James Crawford and Martti Koskenniemi (eds), Cambridge Companion to International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2012).  

Students seeking a very general preliminary overview of the field ahead of starting the module might like to look at the introductory chapter in Cryer et al, Introduction to Criminal Law and Procedure (details above).  

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Please read the  FAQs for graduate applicants and offer holders . If you still need to contact UCL Admissions, you can submit an enquiry via the Admissions Contact Form on the page.

You can also contact the LLM admissions team, particularly for queries relating to scholarships:

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Our Summer School programme, open to current students and graduates, provides opportunities to delve deep into learning about key legal concepts.

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US, Japan, Australia and the Philippines to stage military drills in disputed South China Sea

FILE - A Filipino port worker looks as the Japanese Ship Akebono (DD-108), a Murasame-class destroyer of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, prepares to dock for a goodwill visit at Manila’s south harbor, Philippines on Sept. 27, 2018. The United States, Japan, Australia and the Philippines will hold their first joint naval exercises, including anti-submarine warfare training, in a show of force Sunday, April 7, 2024 in the South China Sea where Beijing’s aggressive actions to assert its territorial claims have caused alarm. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila, File)

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MANILA, Philippines (AP) — The United States, Japan, Australia and the Philippines will hold their first joint naval exercises, including anti-submarine warfare training, in a show of force Sunday in the South China Sea where Beijing’s aggressive actions to assert its territorial claims have caused alarm.

The four treaty allies and security partners are holding the exercises to safeguard “the rule of law that is the foundation for a peaceful and stable Indo-Pacific region” and uphold freedom of navigation and overflight, they said in a joint statement issued by their defense chiefs Saturday.

China was not mentioned by name in the statement, but the four countries reaffirmed their stance that a 2016 international arbitration ruling , which invalidated China’s expansive claims on historical grounds, was final and legally binding.

China has refused to participate in the arbitration, rejected the ruling and continues to defy it. The Philippines brought its disputes with China to international arbitration in 2013 after a tense sea standoff.

There was no immediate comment by China.

Last year, the Chinese Foreign Ministry warned against military exercises involving the United States and its allies in the disputed waters harming its security and territorial interests.

“We stand with all nations in safeguarding the international order based on the rule of law that is the foundation for a peaceful and stable Indo-Pacific region,” the four nations said but did not provide specific details of the military drills, called the Maritime Cooperative Activity .

Japan said in a statement, issued by its embassy in Manila, that it would deploy its destroyer, the JS Akebono, for the South China Sea exercises, which would include anti-submarine warfare training and other military maneuvers.

“Japan believes that the issue concerning the South China Sea is directly related to the peace and stability of the region and is a legitimate concern of the international community including Japan, Australia, the Philippines, and the United States,” Japan’s Defense Minister Minoru Kihara said in the statement.

“Japan opposes any unilateral changes to the status quo by force, such attempts as well as any actions that increase tensions in the South China Sea,” he said.

U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said in a separate statement the exercises “underscore our shared commitment to ensuring that all countries are free to fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows.”

Australian Defense Minister Richard Marles said “respect for national sovereignty and agreed rules and norms based on international law underpin the stability of our region.” Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro Jr. said the military drills on Sunday would be the first in a series of activities to build the Philippines’ “capacity for individual and collective self-defense.”

Aside from China and the Philippines, the long-simmering disputes in the South China Sea, a key global trade route, also involve Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan. But skirmishes between Beijing and Manila have particularly flared since last year.

Washington lays no claims to the strategic seaway but has repeatedly warned that it’s obligated to defend its longtime treaty ally the Philippines if Filipino forces, ships and aircraft come under an armed attack, including in the South China Sea.

China has warned the U.S. not to intervene in the disputes, which have sparked fears of an escalation into a major conflict that could involve the two world powers.

Japan has separate territorial disputes with China over East China Sea islands. Increasing tensions in the disputed waters would be high on the agenda when President Joe Biden hosts his Japanese and Philippine counterparts in a summit at the White House next week.

In the latest hostilities last month, the Chinese coast guard used water cannons that injured a Filipino admiral and four of his navy personnel and heavily damaged their wooden supply boat near the Second Thomas Shoal . The cannon blast was so strong it threw a crewman off the floor but he hit a wall instead of plunging into the sea, Philippine military officials said.

The Philippine government summoned a Chinese embassy diplomat in Manila to convey its “strongest protest” against China. Beijing accused the Philippine vessels of intruding into Chinese territorial waters, warning Manila not to “play with fire” and saying China would continue to take actions to defend its sovereignty.