blur safari css

Today I Learned

How to fix filter: blur() performance issue in safari.

The filter: blur() property in css may come in handy in some situations, but you should know of a side effect it has in Safari (tested on version 15.1 as of this writing).

The issue is a nasty performance drop around the element on which the filter is used, making every other interaction extremely slow. And it happens in Safari only. In other browsers everything works well.

One solution I've found so far is to use transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0) along with filter on the same element, to force the browser use GPU acceleration for that particular element instead of the CPU.

Safari CSS Reference

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Supported CSS Properties

Safari and WebKit implement a large subset of the CSS 2.1 Specification defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), along with portions of the CSS 3 Specification. This reference describes the supported properties and provides Safari availability information. If a property is not listed here, it is not implemented by Safari and WebKit.

The CSS attributes in this article are divided according to the groups defined by the W3C CSS Specification:

Box Model describes properties specific to the bounding boxes of block elements, including borders, padding, and margins. Additional box-related properties specific to tables are described separately in Tables .

Visual Formatting Model describes properties that set the position and size of block elements.

Visual Effects describes properties that adjust the visual presentation of block elements, including overflow behavior, resizing behavior, visibility, animation, transforms, and transitions.

Generated Content, Automatic Numbering, and Lists describes properties that allow you to change the contents of an element, create automatically numbered sections and headings, and manipulate the style of list elements.

Paged Media describes properties associated with controlling appearance attributes specific to printed versions of a webpage, such as page break behavior.

Colors and Backgrounds describes properties that control the background of block-level elements and the color of text content within elements.

Fonts describes properties specific to font selection for text within an element. It also describes properties used in downloadable font definitions.

Text describes properties specific to text styles, spacing, and automatic scrolling (marquee).

Tables describes layout and styling properties specific to table elements.

User Interface describes properties that relate to user interface elements in the browser, such as scrolling text areas, scroll bars, and so on. It also describes properties that are outside the scope of the page content, such as cursor style and the callout shown when you touch and hold a touch target such as a link in iOS.

Defines a variety of border properties for an element within one declaration.

The width of the border on all sides.

The style of the border.

The color of the border.

border-color

Border-style, border-width, border-bottom.

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s bottom border within one declaration.

The width of the bottom border.

border-bottom-color

border-bottom-style

border-bottom-width

Defines the color of the bottom border of an element.

The color of the bottom border.

The value of the element’s color property.

The default color of a hyperlink that is being clicked.

The color that surrounds a UI element, such as a text field, that has focus.

The default color of a hyperlink that has been visited.

The default text color.

activeborder , activecaption , appworkspace , aqua , background , black , blue , buttonface , buttonhighlight , buttonshadow , buttontext , captiontext , fuchsia , gray , graytext , green , grey , highlight , highlighttext , inactiveborder , inactivecaption , inactivecaptiontext , infobackground , infotext , lime , maroon , match , menu , menutext , navy , olive , orange , purple , red , scrollbar , silver , teal , threeddarkshadow , threedface , threedhighlight , threedlightshadow , threedshadow , transparent , white , window , windowframe , windowtext , yellow

Changes to this property can be animated.

Defines the style of the bottom border of an element.

The style of the bottom border.

dashed , dotted , double , groove , hidden , inset , none , outset , ridge , solid

Defines the width of the bottom border of an element.

Length units

medium , thick , thin

Defines the color of an element’s border.

border-left-color

Border-right-color, border-top-color, border-left.

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s left border within one declaration.

The width of the left border.

The style of the left border.

The color of the left border.

border-left-style

border-left-width

Defines the color of the left border of an element.

Defines the style of the left border of an element.

Defines the width of the left border of an element.

border-right

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s right border within one declaration.

The width of the right border.

The style of the right border.

The color of the right border.

border-right-style

border-right-width

Defines the color of the right border of an element.

Defines the style of the right border of an element.

Defines the width of the right border of an element.

Defines the style for an element’s border.

border-top-style

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s top border within one declaration.

The width of the top border.

The style of the top border.

The color of the top border.

border-top-width

Defines the color of the top border of an element.

Defines the style of the top border of an element.

Defines the width of the top border of an element.

Defines the width of the border of an element.

The width of the border.

Defines the width of an element’s outer-element margin.

The width of the margin.

The width of the top margin.

The width of the right margin.

The width of the bottom margin.

The width of the left margin.

margin-bottom

Margin-left, margin-right.

Defines the width of the bottom margin of an element.

Numbers as a percentage, length units

Defines the width of the left margin of an element.

Defines the width of the right margin of an element.

Defines the width of the top margin of an element.

Defines the width of an element’s inner-element padding.

The width of the padding on all sides.

The width of the top padding.

The width of the right padding.

The width of the bottom padding.

The width of the left padding.

padding-bottom

Padding-left, padding-right, padding-top.

Defines the width of the bottom padding of an element.

Defines the width of the left padding of an element.

Defines the width of the right padding of an element.

Defines the width of the top padding of an element.

-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius

Specifies that the bottom-left corner of a box be rounded with the specified radius.

The radius of the rounded corner.

The horizontal radius of the rounded corner.

The vertical radius of the rounded corner.

-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius

-webkit-border-radius

-webkit-border-top-left-radius

-webkit-border-top-right-radius

This property takes either one or two parameters. If one parameter is specified, it controls both the horizontal and vertical radii of a quarter ellipse. If two parameters are specified, the first parameter normally represents the horizontal radius and the second parameter represents the remaining radius. (Compatibility note: In Internet Explorer, if writing-mode is specified as tb-rl , these parameters are reversed.)

Available in Safari 3.0 and later.

Available in iOS 1.0 and later.

Experimental CSS 3.

Specifies that the bottom-right corner of a box be rounded with the specified radius.

-webkit-border-image

Specifies an image as the border for a box.

The method of which to produce the image. This could be expressed by the url() syntax, which contains the URI of the image (in the same fashion as the background-image property), or by a procedural function such as gradient() .

The distance from the top edge of the image.

The distance from the right edge of the image.

The distance from the bottom edge of the image.

The distance from the left edge of the image.

The horizontal repeat style.

The vertical repeat style.

The image is tiled.

The image is stretched before it is tiled to prevent partial tiles

The image is stretched to the size of the border.

The specified image is cut into nine pieces according to the length values given. This property applies to any box, including inline elements, but does not apply to table cells if the border-collapse property is set to collapse .

The first five fields are required. The four inset values that follow method represent distances from the top, right, bottom, and left edges of the image. If no unit is specified, they represent actual pixels in the original image (assuming a raster image). If a unit (such as px ) is specified, they represent CSS units (which may or may not be the same thing). The values may also be specified as a percentage of the size of the image as well as vector coordinates.

After the required fields, you can optionally include a border width field or fields, preceded by a slash ( / ). You can specify all four border widths individually or specify a single value that applies to all four fields. If these values are not the same size as the inset values, the slices of the original image are scaled to fit. Note that border-width constants like thick are not valid.

Finally, you can specify a repeat style in each direction. These values affect how the top, bottom, left, right, and center portions are altered to fit the required dimensions, and can be any of the following: repeat (tiled), stretch , or round (the round style is like tiling, except that it stretches all nine pieces slightly so that there is no partial tile at the end).

Specifies that the corners of a box be rounded with the specified radius.

The radius of the rounded corners.

The horizontal radius of the rounded corners.

The vertical radius of the rounded corners.

Specifies that the top-left corner of a box be rounded with the specified radius.

Specifies that the top-right corner of a box be rounded with the specified radius.

-webkit-box-sizing

Specifies that the size of a box be measured according to either its content (default) or its total size including borders.

The model by which the size of the box is measured.

The box size includes borders in addition to content.

The box size only includes content.

Available in iOS 1.1 and later. (Called box-sizing in iOS 1.0.)

-webkit-box-shadow

Applies a drop shadow effect to the border box of an object.

The horizontal offset of the shadow.

The vertical offset of the shadow.

The blur radius of the shadow.

The color of the shadow.

The box has no shadow.

This property takes four parameters. The first two are horizontal and vertical offsets—down for horizontal, and to the right for vertical. The third value is a blur radius. The fourth value is the color of the shadow. Changes to this property can be animated.

Available in iOS 2.0 and later.

-webkit-margin-bottom-collapse

Specifies the behavior of an element’s bottom margin if it is adjacent to an element with a margin. Elements can maintain their respective margins or share a single margin between them.

The behavior of the bottom margin.

Two adjacent margins are collapsed into a single margin.

The element’s margin is discarded if it is adjacent to another element with a margin.

Two adjacent margins remain separate.

This property allows you to emulate the behavior of some browsers in quirks mode where table cell margins are collapsed into the borders of vertically adjacent cells.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-margin-bottom-collapse in Safari 2.0.)

Apple extension.

-webkit-margin-collapse

Specifies the behavior of an element’s vertical margins if it is adjacent to an element with a margin. Elements can maintain their respective margins or share a single margin between them.

The behavior of the vertical margins.

-webkit-margin-top-collapse

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-magin-collapse in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-margin-start

Provides the width of the starting margin.

The width of the starting margin.

The margin is automatically determined.

If the writing direction is left-to-right, this value overrides margin-left . If the writing direction is right-to-left, this value overrides margin-right .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called it is -khtml-margin-start in Safari 2.0.)

Specifies the behavior of an element’s top margin if it is adjacent to an element with a margin. Elements can maintain their respective margins or share a single margin between them.

The behavior of the top margin.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-magin-top-collapse in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-padding-start

Provides the width of the starting padding.

The width of the starting padding.

If the writing direction is left-to-right, this value overrides padding-left . If the writing direction is right-to-left, this value overrides padding-right .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-padding-start in Safari 2.0.)

Visual Formatting Model

Defines the location of the bottom edge of the element for both absolute and relative positioning.

The location of the bottom edge of the element.

Available in Safari 1.0 and later.

Available in iOS 1.0 and later

Defines the sides of an element on which no floating elements are permitted to be displayed.

The sides of the element on which no floating elements can be displayed.

both , left , none , right

Sets the direction in which text is rendered.

The direction of the text.

Defines how an element is displayed onscreen.

The display mode.

The element is displayed in its own flex box.

The element is displayed inline in its own flex box.

block , compact , inline , inline-block , inline-table , list-item , none , run-in , table , table-caption , table-cell , table-column , table-column-group , table-footer-group , table-header-group , table-row , table-row-group

Indicates whether an element (often a graphic) should be pulled out of the normal text flow and floated toward a particular horizontal position within its enclosing element.

The position for the element to be floated toward.

center , left , none , right

If float is set to none , the element is displayed inline wherever it appears within the text flow.

If float is set to a positional value, the element is laid out as it normally would be within the flow, then is moved as far as possible towards the specified position. If an element is vertically positioned such that it would run into another element that is part of the same float, it stops at the point of contact. Thus, in effect, this causes these floating elements to stack up at the specified horizontal position.

If the width of a series of stacked floating elements exceeds the width of the enclosing box, further elements wrap to a new row. You can force an element to always wrap to a new row by setting the clear property on that element. (See clear for more information.)

Note:  With the exception of elements with intrinsic width (an img tag, for example), you should always set the width property on floating elements to ensure consistent behavior across browsers.

Defines the height of a structural element.

The height of the element.

Numbers as a percentage, length units, nonnegative values

auto , intrinsic , min-intrinsic

This property has no effect on inline elements. Changes to this property can be animated.

Defines the location of the left edge of the element for both absolute and relative positioning.

The location of the left edge of the element.

line-height

Defines the vertical interline spacing of lines within the text of an element.

The interline spacing value.

Floating-point numbers, Numbers as a percentage, length units

Defines the maximum height of a structural element.

The maximum height.

intrinsic , min-intrinsic , none

Available in Safari 1.3 and later. (Positioned elements require Safari 2.0.2 and later.)

Defines the maximum width of a structural element.

The maximum width.

Available in Safari 1.0 and later. (Positioned elements require Safari 2.0.2 and later.)

Defines the minimum height of a structural element.

The minimum height.

intrinsic , min-intrinsic

Defines the minimum width of a structural element.

The minimum width.

Specifies how to blend the offscreen rendering into the current composite rendering.

The opacity.

Floating-point numbers

Available in Safari 2.0 and later. (Called -khtml-opacity in Safari 1.1.)

Specifies how an element is positioned.

The positioning model for the element.

absolute , fixed , relative , static

This property affects the behavior of positional properties such as float and left / right / top / bottom .

Defines the location of the right edge of the element for both absolute and relative positioning.

The location of the right edge of the element.

Defines the location of the top edge of the element for both absolute and relative positioning.

The location of the top edge of the element.

unicode-bidi

Defines the Unicode bidirectional text algorithm used to display text.

The bidirectional text algorithm.

bidi-override , embed , normal

This property must be set if you intend to change the direction of inline text.

vertical-align

Defines the vertical alignment of elements inline with text.

The vertical alignment of the text.

The center of the element is aligned with the baseline of the text.

baseline , bottom , middle , sub , super , text-bottom , text-top , top

Defines the width of a structural element.

The width of the element.

Overrides the default stacking order of elements.

The z-index of the element.

Formally, the z-index property sets the height of an element above the drawing plane (in pixels). Its primary use is to override the default stacking order of elements.

By default, elements are stacked in the order in which they appear within the DOM tree; later elements appear on top of earlier elements. If you set a z-index value for an element, that element is displayed on top of all elements with a lower z-index value, underneath all elements with a higher z-index value, and stacked according to its position in the DOM tree relative to all elements with the same z-index value.

By default, elements are assigned a z-index value of auto , which is equivalent to zero ( 0 ).

Specifies the magnification of an element.

The magnification of the element.

Numbers as a percentage, floating-point numbers, nonnegative values

A zoom level of 100% .

Specifies that an element not scale at all when a zoom is applied.

Children of elements with the zoom property do not inherit the property, but they are affected by it. The default value of the zoom property is normal , which is equivalent to a percentage value of 100% or a floating-point value of 1.0 .

Available in Safari 4.0 and later.

Visual Effects

Defines the clipping region.

The clipping region.

A clipping region is the portion of an element in which its content will be rendered. The default is to render content within the entire element size.

If you do not use the constant auto , the value should be in the form of a supported shape (currently limited to rect ).

For example, clip: rect(3px 20px 5px 8px); defines a rectangular clip region with a top edge 3 pixels from the top of the element, a right edge 20 pixels from the left edge of the element, a bottom border 5 pixels from the top of the element, and a left border 8 pixels from the left edge of the element.

Defines the treatment of content that overflows the element’s bounds.

The overflow behavior.

This property allows you to choose the behavior for content that overflows the element bounds, such as providing scroll bars or hiding the overflowed content.

Defines the treatment of content that overflows the element’s horizontal bounds.

The content behaves like a marquee.

auto , hidden , overlay , scroll , visible

Stable CSS 3.

Defines the treatment of content that overflows the element’s vertical bounds.

Specifies the directions in which resizing is allowed.

The directions in which resizing is allowed.

auto , both , horizontal , none , vertical

Defines whether or not an element is visible onscreen.

collapse , hidden , visible

Note that elements made invisible using this property still take up space onscreen. Changes to this property can be animated.

Available in Safari 1.0 and later. (All supported except for collapse .)

-webkit-animation

Combines common animation properties into a single property.

See -webkit-animation-name for details.

See -webkit-animation-duration for details.

See -webkit-animation-timing-function for details.

See -webkit-animation-delay for details.

See -webkit-animation-iteration-count for details.

See -webkit-animation-direction for details.

Refer to the respective property for details of each property and default values.

-webkit-animation-delay

Defines when an animation starts.

The time to begin executing an animation after it is applied. If 0 , the animation executes as soon as it is applied. If positive, it specifies an offset from the moment the animation is applied, and the animation delays execution by that offset. If negative, the animation executes the moment the property changes but appears to begin at the specified negative offset—that is, begins part-way through the animation. Nonzero values must specify a unit: s for seconds, ms for milliseconds. The default value is 0 .

The animation begins immediately.

This property allows an animation to begin execution some time after it is applied.

-webkit-animation-direction

Determines whether the animation should play in reverse on alternate iterations.

The direction to play. The default value is normal .

Play each iteration of the animation in the forward direction.

Play even-numbered iterations of the animation in the forward direction and odd-numbered iterations in the reverse direction.

When an animation is played in reverse, the timing functions are also reversed. For example, when played in reverse, an ease-in animation appears as an ease-out animation.

-webkit-animation-duration

Specifies the length of time that an animation takes to complete one iteration.

The duration of an animation. If 0 , the animation iteration is immediate (there is no animation). A negative value is treated as 0 . The default value is 0 .

-webkit-animation-fill-mode

Specifies whether the effects of an animation are apparent before the animation starts and after it ends.

The animation’s fill mode. Can be none , forwards , backwards , or both .

The effects of the animation are apparent only during the defined duration of the animation.

The animation’s final keyframe continues to apply after the final iteration of the animation completes.

The animation’s initial keyframe is applied as soon as the animation style is applied to an element. This only affects animations that have a nonzero value for -webkit-animation-delay .

The animation’s initial keyframe is applied as soon as the animation style is applied to an element, and the animation’s final keyframe continues to apply after the final iteration of the animation completes. The initial keyframe only affects animations that have a nonzero value for -webkit-animation-delay .

By default, an animation starts as soon as the style that describes the animation is applied to an element; however, the -webkit-animation-delay property can delay the start of an animation. Specifying a value of backwards or both for this property overrides the -webkit-animation-delay property and tells the animation to start as soon as the style is applied.

Available in Safari 5.0 and later.

Available in iOS 4.0 and later.

-webkit-animation-iteration-count

Specifies the number of times an animation iterates.

The number of iterations. If 1 , the animation plays from beginning to end once. A value of infinite causes the animation to repeat forever. Noninteger values cause the animation to end partway through an iteration. Negative values are invalid. The default value is 1 .

Repeats the animation forever.

This property is often used with a -webkit-animation-direction property set to alternate , which causes the animation to play in reverse on alternate iterations.

-webkit-animation-name

Specifies the name of an animation.

The name of the animation.

The name is used to select the -webkit-keyframe at-rule that provides the keyframes and property values for the animation. If the name does not match any -webkit-keyframe at-rule, there are no properties to be animated and the animation is not executed. See @-webkit-keyframes for a description of this rule.

If "none" , no animation is executed even if there is a -webkit-keyframe at-rule with that name. Setting this property to "none" explicitly disables animations.

The default value is "" .

-webkit-animation-play-state

Determines whether the animation is running or paused.

The state of an animation.

Plays the animation.

Pauses the animation.

A running animation can be paused by setting this property to paused . Set this property to running to continue running a paused animation. A paused animation continues to display the current value of the animation in a static state. When a paused animation is resumed, it restarts from the current value, not from the beginning of the animation.

The default value is running .

-webkit-animation-timing-function

Defines how an animation progresses between keyframes.

The function to apply between keyframes. The default value is ease .

Equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0) .

Equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0) .

Equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0) .

Equivalent to cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0) .

Equivalent to cubic-bezier(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0) .

Equivalent to steps(1, end) .

Available in iOS 5.0 and later.

Available in Safari 5.1 and later.

Equivalent to steps(1, start) .

The timing function is specified using a cubic Bezier curve. Use the constants to specify preset points of the curve or the cubic-bezier function to specify your own points. See cubic-bezier for a description of the parameters for this function. See Timing Functions for additional information about timing functions.

This property applies between keyframes, not over the entire animation. For example, for an ease-in-out timing function, an animation eases in at the start of the keyframe and eases out at the end of the keyframe. A -webkit-animation-timing-function defined within a keyframe block applies to that keyframe; otherwise, the timing function specified for the animation is used.

-webkit-backface-visibility

Determines whether or not a transformed element is visible when it is not facing the screen.

Determines whether or not the back face of a transformed element is visible. The default value is visible .

The element is always visible even when it is not facing the screen.

The element is invisible if it is not facing the screen.

Use this property to specify whether or not an element is visible when it is not facing the screen. For example, if the identity transform is set, an element faces the screen; otherwise, it may face away from the screen. For example, applying a rotation about y of 180 degrees in the absence of any other transforms causes an element to face away from the screen.

This property is useful when you place two elements back to back, as you would do to create a playing card. Without this property, the front and back elements could at times switch places during an animation to flip the card. Another example is creating a box out of six elements whose outside and inside faces can be viewed. This is useful when creating the backdrop for a three-dimensional stage.

-webkit-box-reflect

Defines a reflection of a border box.

The position of the reflection relative to the border box. Can be above , below , left , or right .

The distance of the reflection from the edge of the border box, in length units or as a percentage. The default value is 0 .

Used to overlay the reflection. If omitted, the reflection has no mask.

The reflection appears above the border box.

The reflection appears below the border box.

The reflection appears to the left of the border box.

The reflection appears to the right of the border box.

Reflections will update automatically as the source changes. Specifying a reflection has the effect of creating a stacking context (like opacity, masks, and transforms). The reflection is non-interactive, and as such, it has no effect on hit testing. The reflection has no effect on layout, other than being part of a container’s overflow; it is similar to -webkit-box-shadow in this respect.

-webkit-mask

Defines a variety of mask properties within one declaration.

See -webkit-mask-attachment for details.

See -webkit-mask-clip for details.

See -webkit-mask-origin for details.

See -webkit-mask-image for details.

See -webkit-mask-repeat for details.

See -webkit-mask-composite for details.

As with most composite properties, all arguments are optional.

-webkit-mask-attachment

Defines the scrolling or fixed nature of the image mask.

If fixed , the mask does not move when the page scrolls; if scroll , the image moves when the page scrolls.

-webkit-mask-box-image

Defines an image to be used as a mask for a border box.

The file path of the image.

The uri field contains the URI for the image. The four inset values that follow represent distances from the top, right, bottom, and left edges of the image. If no unit is specified, they represent actual pixels in the original image (assuming a raster image). If a unit (such as px ) is specified, they represent CSS units (which may or may not be the same thing). The values may also be specified as a percentage of the size of the image.

You can specify a repeat style in each direction. These values affect how the top, bottom, left, right, and center portions are altered to fit the required dimensions, and can be any of the following: repeat (tiled), stretch , or round (the round style is like tiling, except that it stretches all nine pieces slightly so that there is no partial tile at the end).

-webkit-mask-clip

Specifies whether the mask should extend into the border of a box.

The clipping behavior of the mask.

-webkit-mask-composite

Sets a compositing style for a mask.

The compositing style of the mask.

The default value is border , which means that the background extends into the border area. Specifying a value of padding limits the background so that it extends only into the padding area enclosed by the border.

-webkit-mask-image

Defines an image to be used as a mask for an element.

-webkit-mask-origin

Determines where the -webkit-mask-position property is anchored.

The origin of the mask position.

The mask’s position is anchored at the upper-left corner of the element’s border.

The mask’s position is anchored at the upper-left corner of the element’s content.

The mask’s position is anchored at the upper-left corner of the element’s padding.

-webkit-mask-position

Defines the position of a mask.

The x-coordinate of the position of the mask.

The y-coordinate of the position of the mask.

Position can be specified in terms of pixels or percentages of the viewport width or using the keywords top , left , center , right , or bottom .

Changes to this property can be animated in Safari 4.0 and later.

-webkit-mask-position-x

Defines the x-coordinate of the position of a mask.

-webkit-mask-position-y

Defines the y-coordinate of the position of a mask.

-webkit-mask-repeat

Defines the repeating qualities of a mask.

The repeating behavior of the mask.

This property controls whether tiling of an element’s mask should occur in the x direction, the y direction, both, or neither.

-webkit-mask-size

Overrides the size of a mask.

The width and height of the mask.

The width of the mask.

The height of the mask.

-webkit-perspective

Gives depth to a scene, causing elements farther away from the viewer to appear smaller.

The distance in pixels from the viewer’s position to the z= 0 plane. The default value is none .

No perspective transform is applied.

The -webkit-perspective property applies the same transform as the perspective(<number>) transform function, except that it applies only to the children of the element, not to the transform on the element itself.

The use of this property with any value other than none establishes a stacking context. It also establishes a containing block (somewhat similar to position:relative ), just as the -webkit-transform property does.

This transform alters the effect of other transforms. In the absence of additional transforms, this transform has no effect.

Available in Safari 4.0.3 and later running on Mac OS X v10.6 and later.

-webkit-perspective-origin

Sets the origin of the -webkit-perspective property described in -webkit-perspective .

The x-origin as a percentage or value.

The y-origin as a percentage or value.

Sets the y-origin to the top of the element’s border box.

Sets the x or y origin to the center of the element’s border box. If this constant appears before left or right , specifies the y-origin. If it appears after top or bottom , specifies the x-origin. If appears alone, centers both the x and y origin.

Sets the y-origin to the bottom of the element’s border box.

Sets the x-origin to the left side of the border box.

Sets the x-origin to the right side of the border box.

This property effectively sets the x and y position at which the viewer appears to be looking at the children of the element. The default value is 50% for both x and y coordinates.

-webkit-transform

Specifies transformations to be applied to an element.

A transform function. Possible values are described in Transform Functions

No transforms are applied.

The -webkit-transform property specifies a list of transformations, separated by whitespace, to be applied to an element, such as rotation, scaling, and so on.

The set of transform functions is similar to those allowed by SVG, although there are additional functions to support 3D transformations. If multiple transforms are applied, the transform is generated by performing a matrix concatenation of each transform in the list.

For example, the following div element is rotated 45 degrees clockwise:

If a list of transforms is provided, the net effect is as if each transform is specified separately in the order provided.

The default value is none (no transforms applied).

Available in Safari 3.1 and later.

-webkit-transform-origin

Sets the origin for the -webkit-transform property.

The x origin as a percentage or value.

The y origin as a percentage or value.

Sets the y origin to the top of the element’s border box.

Sets the x or y origin to the center of the element’s border box. If this constant appears before left or right , specifies the y origin. If this constant appears after top or bottom , specifies the x origin. If it appears alone, centers both the x and y origin.

Sets the y origin to the bottom of the element’s border box.

Sets the x origin to the left side of the border box.

Sets the x origin to the right side of the border box.

The -webkit-transform-origin property establishes the origin for transforms applied to an element with respect to its border box.

The values may be expressed either as a CSS length unit or as a percentage of the element’s size. For example, a value of 50% 50% causes transformations to occur around the element’s center. Changing the origin to 100% 0% causes transformation to occur around the top-right corner of the element. The default value is 50% 50% .

If only one argument is provided, it is interpreted as the horizontal position.

Available in Safari 3.1 and Later.

-webkit-transform-origin-x

The x coordinate of the origin for transforms applied to an element with respect to its border box.

-webkit-transform-origin-y

The y coordinate of the origin for transforms applied to an element with respect to its border box.

-webkit-transform-origin-z

The z coordinate of the origin for transforms applied to an element with respect to its border box.

The z origin as a percentage or value.

-webkit-transform-style

Defines how nested, transformed elements are rendered in 3D space.

The transform style.

Flatten all children of this element into the 2D plane.

Preserve the 3D perspective.

If -webkit-transform-style is flat , all children of this element are rendered flattened into the 2D plane of the element. Therefore, rotating the element about the x or y axes causes children positioned at positive or negative z positions to appear on the element’s plane, rather than in front of or behind it. If -webkit-transform-style is preserve-3d , this flattening is not performed, so children maintain their position in 3D space.

This flattening takes place at each element, so preserving a hierarchy of elements in 3D space requires that each ancestor in the hierarchy have the value preserve-3d for -webkit-transform-style . But -webkit-transform-style affects only an element’s children; the leaf nodes in a hierarchy do not require the preserve-3d style.

The default value is flat .

-webkit-transition

Combines -webkit-transition-delay , -webkit-transition-duration , -webkit-transition-property , and -webkit-transition-timing-function into a single property.

See -webkit-transition-property for details.

See -webkit-transition-duration for details.

See -webkit-transition-timing-function for details.

See -webkit-transition-delay for details.

-webkit-transition-delay

Defines when the transition starts.

The time to begin executing a transition after it is applied. If 0 , the transition executes as soon as the property changes. Otherwise, the value specifies an offset from the moment the property changes, and the transition delays execution by that offset. If the value is negative, the transition executes the moment the property changes but appears to begin at the specified negative offset—that is, begins part-way through the transition. Nonzero values must specify a unit: s for seconds, ms for milliseconds. Negative values are invalid. The default value is 0 .

The transition begins immediately.

-webkit-transition-duration

Defines how long the transition from the old value to the new value should take.

If 0 , the transition is immediate (there is no animation). A negative value is treated as 0 . Nonzero values must specify a unit: s for seconds, ms for milliseconds. Negative values are invalid. The default value is 0 .

-webkit-transition-property

Specifies the name of the CSS property to which the transition is applied.

The name of the transition. You can list multiple properties. Property names should be bare, unquoted names. The default value is all .

No transition specified.

The default transition name.

-webkit-transition-timing-function

Specifies how the intermediate values used during a transition are calculated.

The timing function.

This property allows for a transition to change speed over its duration. These effects, commonly called easing functions, are mathematical functions that produce a smooth curve.

The timing function is specified using a cubic Bezier curve. Use the constants to specify preset points of the curve or the cubic-bezier function to specify your own points. See cubic-bezier for a description of the parameters for this function.

The timing function takes as its input the current elapsed percentage of the transition duration and outputs a percentage that determines how close the transition is to its goal state.

The default value is ease .

Generated Content, Automatic Numbering, and Lists

Embeds an arbitrary batch of content (such as a movie or a specially formatted string) to be embedded alongside a CSS property.

The file path of the content.

A function that procedurally generates an image, such as gradient .

counter-increment

Increments a numerical counter for auto-numbering.

The name of the counter.

The amount by which the counter increments.

This property is commonly used in conjunction with the content property to create section numbers or other auto-numbered containers. For example:

This snippet inserts “Section 1:” at the beginning of the first heading, “Section 2:” at the beginning of the second, and so on.

Important:  You must use the counter-reset property to reset the counter on some element that appears in the DOM tree prior to the first element where you use counter-increment on that counter. Otherwise, this call increments a nonexistent counter and all of your sections will be numbered "Section 1”.

counter-reset

Resets a counter used by the counter-increment property and the counter function.

For an example of this property, see the documentation for counter-increment .

Defines the display style for a list and list elements.

The type of list.

The position of the list marker.

The file path of an image to be used as the list marker.

list-style-image

List-style-position, list-style-type.

Defines an image to use as the opening symbol of a list element.

Defines the position of the marker of a list element.

The position of the marker.

The marker is placed inside the text. Wrapping text appears directly below the marker.

The text of the list item is indented from the marker.

Defines the type of marker of a list element.

The type of marker.

armenian , circle , cjk-ideographic , decimal , decimal-leading-zero , disc , georgian , hebrew , hiragana , hiragana-iroha , katakana , katakana-iroha , lower-alpha , lower-greek , lower-latin , lower-roman , none , square , upper-alpha , upper-latin , upper-roman

Paged Media

Defines the minimum number of lines in a paragraph that must be left at the bottom of a page (before a page break).

The number of lines.

Available in Safari 1.3 and later.

page-break-after

Defines the page break behavior following an element's definition.

The page break behavior.

always , auto , avoid , left , right

Safari 1.2 and later.

page-break-before

Defines the page break behavior before an element's definition.

page-break-inside

Defines the page break behavior within an element.

auto , avoid

Safari 1.3 and later.

Defines the minimum number of lines in a paragraph that must be left at the top of a page (after a page break).

Colors and Backgrounds

Defines a variety of background properties within one declaration.

The background color.

The file path of the background image.

The repeating behavior of the background image.

If fixed , the background image does not move when the page scrolls; if scroll , the image moves when the page scrolls.

The position of the background image.

background-attachment

Defines the scrolling or fixed nature of the page background.

scroll , fixed

background-color

Defines an element’s background color.

background-image

Defines an element’s background image.

background-position

Defines the origin of a background image.

The x-coordinate of the origin of the background image.

The y-coordinate of the origin of the background image.

background-position-x

Defines the x-coordinate of the origin of a background image.

background-position-y

Defines the y-coordinate of the origin of a background image.

background-repeat

Defines the repeating qualities of the background image.

This property controls whether tiling of an element’s background image should occur in the x direction, the y direction, both, or neither.

Defines the color of the text of an element.

The color. Colors can be specified with a constants, an RGB value, or a hexadecimal value.

-webkit-background-clip

Specifies the clipping behavior of the background of a box.

The clipping behavior of the background.

The background clips to the border of the box.

The background clips to the content of the box.

The background clips to the padding of the box.

The background clips to the text of the box.

-webkit-background-composite

Sets a compositing style for background images and colors.

The compositing style of the background.

Under development.

-webkit-background-origin

Determines where the background-position property is anchored.

The origin of the background position.

The background position can be anchored at the upper-left corner of the border, the upper-left corner of the padding area inside the border, or the upper-left corner of the content inside the padding area.

-webkit-background-size

Overrides the size of a background image.

The width and height of the background image.

The width of the background image.

The height of the background image.

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s text font within one declaration.

The style of the font.

The variant of the font.

The weight, or boldness, of the font.

The size of the font.

The distance between lines.

The family of the font.

The user interface style to replicate.

The style of the text of a standard size UI element, such as a button.

The style of the text of a miniature size UI element, such as a button.

The style of the text of a small size UI element, such as a button.

caption , icon , menu , message-box , small-caption , status-bar

In addition to declaring a font style explicitly by characteristics, you can also specify a user interface style using constants such as caption . These constants represent the default font style for the specified user interface element, and as such, their specific values are dependent on the browser, the operating system, and user configuration options.

Using the font property resets all related font properties that are not explicitly specified.

font-family

Defines a list of fonts for element styling or downloadable font definitions.

The font-family property has two different meanings, depending on context.

In the context of an element style, it defines a font to use for text within an element. Because not all computers have the same fonts available, this property to specify multiple acceptable fonts in descending order of preference. In addition, constants such as serif or sans-serif provide generic fallback fonts in case a browser does not have any of the listed fonts available.

In the context of a downloadable font definition, this property provides the name of the font that the font definition describes. In this form, you may specify multiple family names for the font, but generally only a single family name (optionally, specify that it should match against generic font names like serif ).

For more information about downloadable font definitions, see @font-face .

Available in Safari 1.0 and later. Downloadable fonts supported in Safari 3.1 and later.

Defines the font size for the text in an element or in a downloadable font definition.

large , larger , medium , small , smaller , -webkit-xxx-large , x-large , x-small , xx-large , xx-small

Changes to this property can be animated in Safari 4.0 and later. For more information about downloadable font definitions, see @font-face .

Defines the font style for the text in an element or a downloadable font definition.

italic , normal , oblique

font-variant

Defines special font properties for the text in an element or for a downloadable font definition.

normal , small-caps

Available in Safari 1.0 and later. (The value small-caps is not supported.) Downloadable fonts supported in Safari 3.1 and later.

font-weight

Defines the font weight of the text in an element or for a downloadable font definition.

Integers, nonnegative values

100 , 200 , 300 , 400 , 500 , 600 , 700 , 800 , 900 , bold , bolder , lighter , normal

Provides a list of locations for a downloadable font definition.

This property takes a comma-delimited list of font locations which may be locally installed font family names or HTTP URLs.

unicode-range

Describes the unicode characters supported by a downloadable font definition.

The range of supported characters.

The first character in a range of supported characters.

The last character in a range of supported characters.

This property takes a comma-delimited list of Unicode character ranges. There are two supported formats: singleton ranges and pair ranges.

A singleton range is in the form U+xxxx where xxxx is a hexadecimal number. For example, the range U+2150 indicates that Unicode character 0x2150 is supported. Leading zeroes may be omitted, so U+300 is the same as U+0300 . The following snippet shows a singleton range: unicode-range: U+2150;

A singleton range may also contain wildcards in the form of a question-mark character. For example, U+36?? contains two wildcard characters. This range matches any value in which the first two digits are 36 , without regard to the value for the last two digits. The following snippet shows a wildcard range that represents the Unicode characters 0x2160 through 0x216f, inclusive: unicode-range: U+216?;

A pair range is in the form of a hyphen-separated pair of hexadecimal values in the form U+xxxx-yyyy where xxxx and yyyy are hexadecimal numbers. For example, the following pair range represents the Unicode characters from 0x2164 through 0x2156 , inclusive: unicode-range: U+2154-2156;

letter-spacing

Defines the horizontal interletter spacing of characters within the text of an element.

The size of the character spacing.

Defines the alignment for inline content within an element.

The inline content alignment.

Text is aligned to the default alignment.

Text is aligned to the center.

Text is aligned to the left.

Text is aligned to the right.

center , end , justify , left , right , start

text-decoration

Defines special styling for text, such as underlines.

The type of decoration.

line-through , none , overline , underline

text-indent

Defines the amount to indent the first line of text within an element.

The amount to indent.

text-overflow

Controls overflow of non-wrapped text.

clip , ellipsis

This property controls how Safari displays text that exceeds the specified width of the enclosing paragraph if the overflow property is set to hidden and style rules or nowrap tags prevent the text from wrapping (or if a single word is too long to fit by itself).

text-shadow

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s text shadow within one declaration.

Although the CSS specification allows it, multiple shadows are not supported in Safari. Changes to this property can be animated.

text-transform

Defines a capitalization transformation for the text in an element.

The capitalization transformation.

capitalize , lowercase , none , uppercase

white-space

Defines how whitespace characters in an element are handled onscreen.

The policy for displaying whitespace in the element.

normal , nowrap , pre , pre-line , pre-wrap

Specifies the level of strictness when breaking lines of text in ideographic languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.

The level of strictness.

break-all , break-word , normal

word-spacing

Defines the amount of space between words.

The amount of spacing.

Specifies word-splitting behavior for wrapping lines that are too long for the enclosing box and contain no spaces.

The wrapping behavior.

break-word , normal

Available in Safari 2.0 and later.

-webkit-marquee

Defines properties for showing content as though displayed on an electronic marquee sign.

The direction of the marquee.

The distance the marquee moves in each increment

The number of times the marquee repeats.

The style of the marquee’s motion.

The scroll or slide speed of the marquee.

-webkit-marquee-direction

-webkit-marquee-increment, -webkit-marquee-repetition, -webkit-marquee-speed, -webkit-marquee-style.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee in Safari 2.0.)

Available in iOS 1.0.

Specifies the direction of motion for a marquee box.

The marquee moves from bottom to top.

The marquee moves in the default direction.

The marquee moves from right to left.

The marquee moves from left to right.

The marquee moves from top to bottom.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee-direction in Safari 2.0.)

Defines the distance the marquee moves in each increment.

The marquee moves a large amount in each increment.

The marquee moves a medium amount in each increment.

The marquee moves a small amount in each increment.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee-increment in Safari 2.0.)

Specifies the number of times a marquee box repeats (or infinite ).

The marquee repeats infinitely.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee-repetition in Safari 2.0.)

Defines the scroll or slide speed of a marquee box.

The distance term in the speed equation.

The time term in the speed equation.

Integers, time units, nonnegative values

The marquee moves at a fast speed.

The marquee moves at a normal speed.

The marquee moves at a slow speed.

This property can either take one speed parameter ( slow , for example) or a measure of distance and a measure of time separated by a slash ( / ).

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee-speed in Safari 2.0.)

Specifies the style of marquee motion.

The marquee shifts back and forth.

The marquee does not move.

The marquee loops in its specified direction.

The marquee moves in its specified direction, but stops either when the entirety of its content has been displayed or the content reaches the opposite border of its box, whichever comes second.

The values scroll and slide both cause the content to start outside the box and move into the box, but if the value scroll is specified, the content stops moving once the last content is visible. The value alternate causes the content to shift back and forth within the box in the specified direction.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-marquee-style in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-text-fill-color

Specifies a fill color for text.

The fill color. Colors can be specified with a constant, an RGB value, or a hexadecimal value.

If not specified, the color specified by the color property is used. -webkit-fill-color is commonly used in combination with -webkit-text-stroke . Changes to this property can be animated.

-webkit-text-security

Specifies the shape to use in place of letters in a password input field.

The shape to use in place of letters.

A circle shape.

A disc shape.

No shape is used.

A square shape.

-webkit-text-size-adjust

Specifies a size adjustment for displaying text content in Safari on iOS.

The size at which to display text in Safari on iOS.

The text size is automatically adjusted for Safari on iOS.

The text size is not adjusted.

Apple extension—Safari on iOS only.

-webkit-text-stroke

Specifies the width and color of the outline (stroke) of text.

The width of the stroke.

The color of the stroke.

-webkit-text-stroke-color

-webkit-text-stroke-width.

This property is commonly used in combination with -webkit-text-fill-color .

Specifies the color of the outline (stroke) of text.

If not specified, the color specified by the color property is used. -webkit-text-stroke-color is commonly used in combination with -webkit-text-fill-color . Changes to this property can be animated.

Specifies the width for the text outline.

A medium stroke.

A thick stroke.

A thin stroke.

This property is significant only in combination with -webkit-text-stroke-color .

-webkit-line-break

Specifies line-breaking rules for CJK (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) text.

The line-breaking setting.

The line breaks after white space.

A standard line-breaking rule.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-line-break in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-appearance

Changes the appearance of buttons and other controls to resemble native controls.

The appearance of the control.

The indicator that appears in a password field when Caps Lock is active.

Available in iOS 2.0 and later

button , button-bevel , caret , checkbox , default-button , listbox , listitem , media-fullscreen-button , media-mute-button , media-play-button , media-seek-back-button , media-seek-forward-button , media-slider , media-sliderthumb , menulist , menulist-button , menulist-text , menulist-textfield , none , push-button , radio , searchfield , searchfield-cancel-button , searchfield-decoration , searchfield-results-button , searchfield-results-decoration , slider-horizontal , slider-vertical , sliderthumb-horizontal , sliderthumb-vertical , square-button , textarea , textfield

The following constants are unsupported in Safari 4.0:

scrollbarbutton-down , scrollbarbutton-left , scrollbarbutton-right , scrollbarbutton-up , scrollbargripper-horizontal , scrollbargripper-vertical , scrollbarthumb-horizontal , scrollbarthumb-vertical , scrollbartrack-horizontal , scrollbartrack-vertical

-webkit-nbsp-mode

Defines the behavior of nonbreaking spaces within text.

The behavior of nonbreaking spaces.

Nonbreaking spaces are treated as usual.

Nonbreaking spaces are treated like standard spaces.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-nbsp-mode in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-rtl-ordering

Overrides ordering defaults for right-to-left content.

The order of the content.

Raw content is in mixed order (requiring a bidirectional renderer).

Right-to-left content is encoded in reverse order so an entire line of text can be rendered from left to right in a unidirectional fashion.

The distinction between these two character orders is normally handled automatically as a side effect of character set. This property allows you to override whether the browser should treat the content as being in logical or visual order.

-webkit-user-drag

Specifies that an entire element should be draggable instead of its contents.

The dragging behavior of the element.

The default dragging behavior is used.

The entire element is draggable instead of its contents.

The element cannot be dragged at all.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-user-drag in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-user-modify

Determines whether a user can edit the content of an element.

The user modification policy.

The content is read-only.

The content can be read and written.

The content can be read and written, but any rich formatting of pasted text is lost.

This is closely related to the contentEditable attribute.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-user-modify in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-user-select

Determines whether a user can select the content of an element.

The user selection policy.

The user can select content in the element.

The user cannot select any content.

The user can select text in the element.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-user-select in Safari 2.0.)

Available in iOS 3.0 and later.

border-collapse

Defines the model of an element’s border.

collapse , separate

border-spacing

Defines the spacing between an element’s border and the content within.

The size of the spacing.

-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing

-webkit-border-vertical-spacing, caption-side.

Defines the side of a table on which its caption appears.

The side of the table that will have a caption.

bottom , left , right , top

empty-cells

Sets the border behavior for cells with no content.

The behavior for cells with no content.

hide , show

table-layout

Specifies whether to use automatic or fixed table layout.

If auto , layout is determined by all cells in the table; if fixed , layout is determined by the first row of content only.

auto , fixed

Automatic table layout, specified by the value auto , is the default table layout behavior. In this mode, the table layout is calculated based on the contents of every cell in every row of the table.

Fixed table layout, specified by the value fixed , is a faster (but more restrictive) layout behavior. In this layout mode, the layout of the table is calculated based only on the first row of tabular content (not including any heading rows). This mode allows the layout to be calculated much earlier in the page load process and greatly simplifies the calculations, but can cause content in later rows to overflow the table’s boundaries.

Defines the spacing between the horizontal portion of an element’s border and the content within.

The amount of horizontal spacing.

Length units, nonnegative values

Equivalent to the horizontal portion of the border-spacing property. Changes to this property can be animated.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-border-horizontal-spacing in Safari 2.0.)

Defines the spacing between the vertical portion of an element’s border and the content within.

The amount of vertical spacing.

Equivalent to the vertical portion of the border-spacing property. Changes to this property can be animated.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-border-vertical-spacing in Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-column-break-after

Determines whether a column break can and should occur after an element in a multicolumn flow layout.

The column break policy.

A column break is always inserted after the element.

A right column break is inserted after the element where appropriate.

Column breaks are avoided after the element.

A left column break is inserted after the element.

A right column break is inserted after the element.

-webkit-column-break-before

Determines whether a column break can and should occur before an element in a multicolumn flow layout.

A column break is always inserted before the element.

A right column break is inserted before the element where appropriate.

Column breaks are avoided before the element.

A left column break is inserted before the element.

A right column break is inserted before the element.

-webkit-column-break-inside

Determines whether a column break should be avoided within the bounds of an element in a multicolumn flow layout.

A right column break is inserted within the element where appropriate.

Column breaks are avoided within the element.

-webkit-column-count

Specifies the number of columns desired in a multicolumn flow.

The number of columns in the multicolumn flow.

The element has one column.

-webkit-column-gap

Specifies the space between columns in a multicolumn flow.

The width of the gap.

Columns in the element have the normal gap width between them.

-webkit-column-rule

Specifies the color, style, and width of the column rule.

The width of the column rule.

The style of the column rule.

The color of the column rule.

-webkit-column-rule-color

-webkit-column-rule-style, -webkit-column-rule-width.

The column rule appears in the middle of the column gap in a multicolumn flow layout.

Specifies the color of the column rule.

Specifies the style of the column rule.

The column rule has a dashed line style.

The column rule has a dotted line style.

The column rule has a double solid line style.

The column rule has a grooved style.

The column rule is hidden.

The column rule has an inset style.

The column rule has no style.

The column rule has an outset style.

The column rule has a ridged style.

The column rule has a solid line style.

Specifies the width of the column rule.

The column rule has a medium width.

The column rule has a thick width.

The column rule has a thin width.

-webkit-column-width

Specifies the width of the column in a multicolumn flow.

The width of the column.

Columns in the element are of normal width.

-webkit-columns

A composite property that specifies the width and number of columns in a multicolumn flow layout.

The width of each column.

The number of columns.

User Interface

Defines the cursor to display onscreen when the pointer is over an element.

The type of cursor.

An open hand cursor indicating the element can be grabbed.

A closed hand cursor indicating the element has been grabbed.

A zoom-in cursor.

A zoom-out cursor.

alias , all-scroll , auto , cell , col-resize , context-menu , copy , crosshair , default , e-resize , ew-resize , hand , help , move , n-resize , ne-resize , nesw-resize , no-drop , none , not-allowed , ns-resize , nw-resize , nwse-resize , pointer , progress , row-resize , s-resize , se-resize , sw-resize , text , vertical-text , w-resize , wait

Although the CSS specification allows it, Safari does not support custom cursors.

Available in Safari 1.2 and later.

Defines a variety of properties for an element’s outline (drawn outside the element’s border) within one declaration.

The color of the outline.

The style of the outline.

The width of the outline.

outline-color

Outline-style, outline-width.

Defines the color of an element’s outline.

outline-offset

Defines the offset of an element’s outline from its border.

The size of the offset.

Defines the style of an element’s outline.

Defines the width of an element's outline.

pointer-events

Defines the parts of an element that responds to pointer events, such as a click, mouse over, or hover.

The parts of the element that respond to pointer events.

The entire element responds to pointer events.

The element does not respond to pointer events.

Providing a value of none does not disable the Inspect Element option that appears when the element is Control-clicked, however the option may return the wrong element.

-webkit-box-align

Specifies the alignment of nested elements within an outer flexible box element.

The alignment of nested elements.

Elements are aligned with the baseline of the box.

Elements are aligned with the center of the box.

Elements are aligned with the end of the box.

Elements are aligned with the start of the box.

Elements are stretched to fill the box.

This property specifies the horizontal alignment if the box direction is vertical, and vice versa. This property applies only to flexible box layouts. For more information about flexible boxes, see http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-layout/ .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-align in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-direction

Specifies the direction in which child elements of a flexible box element are laid out.

The layout direction.

Elements are laid out in the default direction.

Elements are laid out in the reverse direction.

This applies only to flexible box layouts. For more information about flexible boxes, see http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-layout/ .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-direction in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-flex

Specifies an element’s flexibility.

The flexibility of the element.

Flexible elements can stretch or shrink to fit the size of the bounding box of their parent element. The amount of stretching or shrinkage of an element is determined by its flex value relative to the flex values of other elements within the same parent element.

This property applies only to flexible box layouts. For more information about flexible boxes, see http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-layout/ .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-flex in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-flex-group

Specifies groups of dynamically resizing elements that are adjusted to be the same size.

The group number of the flexible element.

During size adjustment of flex boxes, any boxes with the same group number are adjusted to be the same size.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-flex-group in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-lines

Specifies whether a flexible box should contain multiple lines of content.

If multiple , the flexible box can contain multiple lines of content; if single , only one line is allowed.

The box can contain multiple lines of content.

The box can contain only one line of content.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-lines in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-ordinal-group

Specifies a rough ordering of elements in a flexible box.

The ordinal group number of the element.

Elements with lower ordinal group values are displayed first.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-ordinal-group in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-orient

Specifies the layout of elements nested within a flexible box element.

The orientation of elements nested in the flexible box.

Elements are oriented along the box’s axis.

Elements are oriented horizontally.

Elements are oriented along the inline axis.

Elements are oriented vertically.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-orient in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-box-pack

Specifies alignment of child elements within the current element in the direction of orientation.

The alignment of child elements.

Child elements are aligned to the center of the element.

Child elements are aligned to the end of the element.

Child elements are justified with both the start and end of the element.

Child elements are aligned to the start of the element.

For elements whose children are aligned horizontally, a packing value of start indicates left alignment with extra space towards the right side, a value of end indicates right alignment with extra space to the left, a value of center indicates center alignment with extra space split evenly on either side, and a value of justify indicates that the outer elements should be aligned on the left and right, with space added evenly between the elements.

Similarly, for elements whose children are aligned vertically, a value of start indicates that the elements should be aligned to the top, a value of end indicates that the elements should be aligned to the bottom, and so on.

This property is similar to -webkit-box-align , which specifies alignment in the opposite direction from the direction of orientation.

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -khtml-box-pack in Safari 1.1 through Safari 2.0.)

-webkit-dashboard-region

Specifies the behavior of regions in a Dashboard widget.

No behavior is specified.

This property is described in more detail in Declaring Control Regions in Dashboard Programming Topics .

Available in Safari 3.0 and later. (Called -apple-dashboard-region in Safari 2.0.)

Apple extension—Dashboard only.

-webkit-overflow-scrolling

Specifies whether to use native-style scrolling in an overflow:scroll element.

The style of scrolling.

One finger scrolling without momentum.

Native-style scrolling. Specifying this style has the effect of creating a stacking context (like opacity, masks, and transforms).

The default value is auto .

-webkit-tap-highlight-color

Overrides the highlight color shown when the user taps a link or a JavaScript clickable element in Safari on iOS.

The tapped link color.

This property obeys the alpha value, if specified. If you don’t specify an alpha value, Safari on iOS applies a default alpha value to the color. To disable tap highlighting, set the alpha value to 0 (invisible). If you set the alpha value to 1.0 (opaque), the element is not visible when tapped.

Available in iOS 1.1.1 and later.

-webkit-touch-callout

Disables the default callout shown when you touch and hold a touch target.

The touch callout behavior.

On iOS, when you touch and hold a touch target such as a link, Safari displays a callout containing information about the link. This property allows you to disable that callout.

The current allowable values are none and inherit .

Additional Unsupported Properties

WebKit provides partial support for a number of properties that are not supported for developer use. This list may include:

Properties designed for Apple internal use, such as properties specific to the way Mail and other applications use WebKit.

Properties that are in a very early stage of development and are not really usable yet.

Properties that are used within WebKit itself and cannot be parsed in a CSS file.

Properties that are parsed for historical reasons, but that are not actually used.

Because these properties are unsupported, they are not documented in detail. However, they are listed here so that if you find them in the source code, in test cases, and so on, you will be able to determine their status.

WebKit-Specific Unsupported Properties

-webkit-border-fit

-webkit-font-size-delta

-webkit-highlight

-webkit-line-clamp

-webkit-match-nearest-mail-blockquote-color

-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect

-webkit-transition-repeat-count

Unsupported Properties from the CSS Specification

font-size-adjust —Describes the font aspect ratio to preserve proportionality in the event of font substitution. Unsupported CSS 2 property; removed in CSS 2.1; reintroduced in CSS 3.

font-stretch —Selects a normal, condensed, or extended variant of a font in an element or describes availability of these variants in a font definition. Declared in CSS 2.1/CSS 3.

marker-offset —Sets the offset of a marker (a bullet in a bulleted list, for example). Unsupported CSS 2 property; removed in CSS 2.1.

marks —Sets what type of crop marks to use on paged media. Unsupported CSS 2 property; removed in CSS 2.1.

page —Used for named page support. Unsupported CSS 2 property; removed in CSS 2.1.

quotes —Sets the quotation mark characters used for nested <q> tags.

size —Sets page dimensions for paged media. Unsupported CSS 2 property; removed in CSS 2.1.

speak-header —Sets whether a browser should speak the contents of the corresponding table heading cell before speaking the contents of each cell. Unsupported CSS 2 aural media property. Aural media deprecated in CSS 2.1. Property reintroduced in CSS 3

text-line-through —Composite property describing overstrike color, style, and mode. Declared in CSS 3.

text-line-through-color —Describes color for overstrike. Declared in CSS 3.

text-line-through-mode —Describes the mode for overstrike. Declared in CSS 3.

text-line-through-style —Describes the style for overstrike. Declared in CSS 3.

text-line-through-width —Describes the width for overstrike. Declared in CSS 3.

text-overline —Composite property describing overline color, style, mode, and width(like underline, but above the text). Declared in CSS 3.

text-overline-color —Describes the color of overline (like underline, but above the text). Declared in CSS 3.

text-overline-mode —Describes the mode of overline (like underline, but above the text). Declared in CSS 3.

text-overline-style —Describes the style of overline (like underline, but above the text). Declared in CSS 3.

text-overline-width —Describes the width of overline (like underline, but above the text). Declared in CSS 3.

text-underline —Composite property describing underline color, style, mode, and width. Declared in CSS 3.

text-underline-color —Describes the color of underline. Declared in CSS 3.

text-underline-mode —Describes the mode of underline. Declared in CSS 3.

text-underline-style —Describes the style of underline. Declared in CSS 3.

text-underline-width —Describes the width of underline. Declared in CSS 3.

Unsupported Properties Specific to Other Browsers

scrollbar-3dlight-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-arrow-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-darkshadow-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-face-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-highlight-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-shadow-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

scrollbar-track-color —Microsoft Internet Explorer property.

Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-10-27

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The CSS Filter Property

• 1. The Use of filter
• 2. Modifying image colors
• 2.1. brightness()
• 2.2. contrast()
• 2.3. hue-rotate()
• 2.4. opacity()
• 2.5. saturate()
• 3. Converting color schemes
• 3.1. grayscale()
• 3.2. sepia()
• 3.3. invert()
• 4. Other visual CSS filters
• 4.1. blur()
• 4.2. drop-shadow()
• 5. Applying multiple filters
• 6. Animating filters
• 7. Browser support

The Use of filter

The CSS filter property adds visual effects to images or other elements without the use of photo-editing applications such as Adobe Photoshop:

You can set and animate multiple filters:

In the following sections, we will discuss each CSS filter in detail.

Note: if a filter uses percentages as values, decimal values are accepted as well (75% will be the same as 0.75).

Modifying image colors

Most of the CSS filters allow you to manipulate the color of the image. Let's review them using illustrative code examples.

brightness()

The CSS brightness() filter sets a linear multiplier to images:

Values lower than 100% make images darker . Values higher than 100% make images brighter .

The CSS contrast() filter controls the contrast of images:

Values under 100% lower the contrast, and those over 100% raise it.

hue-rotate()

The hue-rotate filter in CSS gives images the hue rotation effect:

The value of angle indicates the number of degrees around the color circle the input samples will be set to. The default value of 0 degrees does not change the image at all.

The CSS opacity() filter applies a specified level of transparency to the image:

The value of 100% leaves the original transparency of images, and 0% makes it completely transparent. You cannot use negative values.

The CSS saturate() filter sets the intensity of colors in images:

The value of 0% turns the image black and white . You can apply values over 100% as well, but this will result in very high color intensity. You cannot use negative values.

Converting color schemes

To change the color scheme for the image completely, you can use three CSS filters: grayscale() , sepia() and invert() .

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grayscale()

CSS grayscale filter creates black and white images:

You can control the proportion of the CSS grayscale by indicating specific percentages: 100% creates a completely grayscale image, and 0% does not change the image at all. Choose any value between these two to tone down the colors as much as you need.

CSS sepia() filter applies a reddish-brown color to images:

A 100% value turns images fully sepia . The filter won't work with negative values.

The invert() CSS filter inverts the image color scheme, which means each color becomes its exact opposite. For instance, red becomes cyan, and green becomes magenta:

Other visual CSS filters

The CSS blur() adds a Gaussian blur to images. You can add length values in the parentheses and indicate how many pixels will the effect blend into each other:

Note: CSS blur() does not accept percentages .

drop-shadow()

The CSS drop-shadow() filter applies a shadow effect to images:

CSS drop-shadow can have five values:

• offset-x and offset-y indicate the shadow offset .
• blur-radius indicates how blurred the shadow is.
• spread-radius indicates how much space the shadow takes.
• color indicates the color of the shadow.

Applying multiple filters

You can combine several CSS filters to get even better results. To define multiple effects, you need to write them in a single statement, separating them by commas.

The following example uses both CSS blur() and brightness() :

Animating filters

CSS filters are animatable . Therefore, you can create different combinations and transform images:

Browser support

Mobile browser support

Css typography, css backgrounds & colors, css effects, css responsive, css element styling, css references, css properties, best-rated moocs to learn programming:.

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The filter CSS property applies graphical effects like blur or color shift to an element. Filters are commonly used to adjust the rendering of images, backgrounds, and borders.

Several functions , such as blur() and contrast() , are available to help you achieve predefined effects.

With a function, use the following:

You can use url() to reference an SVG filter element . For a reference to an SVG <filter> element, use the following syntax:

The filter property is specified as none or one or more of the functions listed below. If the parameter for any function is invalid, the function returns none . Except where noted, the functions that take a value expressed with a percent sign (as in 34% ) also accept the value expressed as decimal (as in 0.34 ).

When the filter property values contains multiple functions, the filters are applied in order.

Applies a Gaussian blur to the input image.

Applies a linear multiplier to the input image, making it appear more or less bright. Values are linear multipliers on the effect, with 0% creating a completely black image, 100% having no effect, and values over 100% brightening the image.

Adjusts the contrast of the input image. A value of 0% makes the image grey, 100% has no effect, and values over 100% create a contrast.

Applies the parameter <shadow> as a drop shadow, following the contours of the image. The shadow syntax is similar to <box-shadow> (defined in the CSS backgrounds and borders module ), with the exception that the inset keyword and spread parameter are not allowed. As with all filter property values, any filters after the drop-shadow() are applied to the shadow.

Converts the image to grayscale. A value of 100% is completely grayscale. The initial value of 0% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% produce linear multipliers on the effect.

Applies a hue rotation. The <angle> value defines the number of degrees around the hue color circle at which the input samples will be adjusted. A value of 0deg leaves the input unchanged.

Inverts the samples in the input image. A value of 100% completely inverts the image. A value of 0% leaves the input unchanged. Values between 0% and 100% have linear multipliers on the effect.

Applies transparency. 0% makes the image completely transparent and 100% leaves the image unchanged.

Saturates the image, with 0% being completely unsaturated, 100% leaving the image unchanged, and values of over 100% increasing saturation.

Converts the image to sepia, with a value of 100% making the image completely sepia and 0% making no change.

Combining functions

You may combine any number of functions to manipulate the rendering. The filters are applied in the order declared. The following example enhances the contrast and brightness of the image:

Interpolation

When animated, if both the beginning and end filters have a function list of the same length without url() in the same order, each of their filter functions is interpolated according to the filter function's specific rules.

If the filter lists are of different lengths, the missing equivalent filter functions from the longer list are added to the end of the shorter list. The added functions use their initial, no filter modification values. All the filters listed are then interpolated according to the filter function's specific rules. Otherwise, discrete interpolation is used.

Formal definition

Formal syntax, applying filter functions.

The filter property is applied to the second image, greying and blurring both the image and its border.

Repeating filter functions

Filter functions are applied in order of appearance. The same filter function can be repeated.

The filters are applied in order. This is why the drop shadows are not the same color: the first drop shadow's hue is altered by the hue-rotate() function but the second one is not.

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

BCD tables only load in the browser with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

• CSS backdrop-filter property
• CSS compositing and blending module, including the CSS background-blend-mode and mix-blend-mode properties.
• The CSS mask property
• SVG , including the SVG <filter> element and SVG filter attribute.
• Applying SVG effects to HTML content

Rendering issue in Safari with the blur effect

I have designed a website with a blurry div that follows the arrow. It has worked fine the last couple of days, but all of a sudden the page shows a white square on load when using safari. Sometimes it does not appear on first page load, but if you refresh it will show. The square however disappears when the site is scrolled, which is also weird. Please see image attached.

Do any of you know how to make the white square disappear. All help is much appreciated. I have inserted a read only link below.

Here is my site Read-Only:

https://preview.webflow.com/preview/ubiqisense?utm_medium=preview_link&utm_source=designer&utm_content=ubiqisense&preview=9d582bb28e384a0ef12eb07cd841230a&workflow=preview&fbclid=IwAR0zNW_0X1FGHth4P5eq0eV722HLUp1_QNnpJlj9-SJcpeyvN13uBajZiIg

Hey @Tobias_Hinke

• The square is the same size as the cursor div before the blur is applied.
• The square disappears after starting to scroll, about where the nav’s button reaches the top of the viewport.

Unless there is a scroll interaction causing interference, I suspected that there was a Safari bug affecting the blur filter. I was right after a quick internet search.

Applying overflow: hidden to the cursor div does the trick for me. See if that works for you too and let me know.

Cheers —Matthew

Thank you so much @matthewpmunger !

How TO - Blurred Background Image

Learn how to create a blurry background image with CSS.

Blur Background Image

Note: This example does not work in Edge 12, IE 11 or earlier versions.

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Safari 15: New UI, Theme Colors, and… a CSS-Tricks Cameo!

There’s a 33-minute video (and resources) over on apple.com covering the upcoming Safari changes we saw in the WWDC keynote this year in much more detail. Look who’s got a little cameo in there:

Perhaps the most noticeable thing there in Safari 15 on iOS is URL bar at the bottom ! Dave was speculating in our little Discord watch party that this probably fixes the weird issues with 100vh stuff on iOS. But I really just don’t know, we’ll have to see when it comes out and we can play with it. I’d guess the expectation is that, in order for us to do our own fixed-bottom-UI stuff, we’d be doing:

On desktop, the most noticeable visual feature is probably the theme-color meta tags.

This isn’t even a brand new Apple-only thing. This is the same <meta> tag that Chrome’s Android app has used since 2014 , so you might already be sporting it on your own site. The addition is that it supports media queries.

It’s great to see Safari get aspect-ratio and the new fancy color systems like lab() and lch() as well. Top-level await in JavaScript is great as it makes patterns like conditional imports easier.

I don’t think all this would satisfy Alex . We didn’t exactly get alternative browser engines on iOS or significant PWA enhancements (both of which would be really great to see). But I applaud it all—it’s good stuff. While I do think Google generally takes privacy more seriously than what general internet chatter would have to believe, it’s notable to compare each company’s newly-released features. If you’ll forgive a bit of cherry-picking, Google is working on FLoC , a technology very specifically designed to help targeted advertising. Apple is working on Private Relay , a technology very specifically to making web browsing untrackable.

I’ve been using the iOS 15 beta for a few days, and I’ve liked how Safari handles the viewport height for the most part. While the URL bar is in its normal state, the viewport extends to the bottom of the screen (and going past the safe area on devices with a notch). The viewport shrinks down to right above the URL bar when it becomes hidden.

This video might explain it better than I can.

Last Christmas, my wife got me a new Android phone with 6” display. On it, Android 11 featured Chrome serach bar at the bottom. Firefox for Android also has search bar at the bottom by default (although this can be changed).

I suspect it has something to do with larger screen sizes and top part of the screen not being as acessible on handheld devices (espacially when using single-hand).

If I were to do design prediction, I would say we should see even more movement from headers toward rich footers in the future.

Yeh, I feel another pattern Apple are using is the card from the bottom, which improves the thumb reach area.

The URL bar at the bottom really bugs me. It seems that Apple believes that Safari is the primary app in itself, not a gateway to other experiences on the web.

I see no reason to have the most accessible part of the screen reserved for interacting with the URL bar instead of it being available to websites, to make them easier to use.

Though the notch on their latest models already killed more than 44 CSS pixels of the bottom for interactive use, the new URL bar now demands twice that and does it always, not just until the user has scrolled down the page.

Am I the only one who thinks this actually makes the 100vh issues way more complicated? Ugh.

This is a big change too:

Y’all see the new default html form controls in Safari???!? Woah 🤯 pic.twitter.com/PI6Wm4hhfh — Kevin Gutowski (@kevgski) June 12, 2021

This url bar on mobile is absolutely bad. What this means? You have to fix all old project for one browser! Stupid

There are quite a few bugs. For example, interfaces where you have fixed cards or absolute cards will cause the env() of the tab bar to inexplicably double. -> https://codepen.io/paul3fa/pen/gOmBxxY try this on your phone in debug mode, ios15

Has there been more research on how to handle the new address bar?

I just had to fix this in one of my current project. It seems that using bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom) worked out of the box for me, without the need for calc .

How do I get it to apply on Bottom address bar on Safari 15?

It should be default! But if not, 9to5Mac breaks down the steps which you can do with the Safari app open:

• In the address/search bar, tap the “aA” icon on the left (when on a website)
• Tap “Show Bottom Tab Bar”

Alternatively, you can also change the iOS 15 address/search bar by heading to the Settings app > Safari > swipe down and choose “Tab Bar.”

Hope this helps!

how can i disable the divider/border between the adressebar and the website? The divider/border appears only on iOS Safari. A few websites e.g. t3n.de does`t have it.

Best, Florian

Safari 15 still has issues with 3d transform e.g: transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, -60deg); Or -webkit-transform: rotate3d(1, 0, 0, -60deg)

it just not renders while any other browser can.

Also still issues with html5 video tags. Somehow IOS restrictions are applied for desktop too :”HTTP servers hosting media files for iOS must support byte-range requests”

Safari is becoming the IE of browsers …

20 CSS Blur Effects

Welcome to our article showcasing a curated collection of CSS Blur Effects ! In this compilation, we have gathered an assortment of free HTML and pure CSS code examples sourced from platforms like Codepen, Github , and other valuable resources. This collection serves as a comprehensive guide for web designers and developers seeking to incorporate captivating blur effects into their projects.

With the power of CSS, you can effortlessly add depth, focus, and a touch of elegance to your web designs. Whether you're aiming for a subtle and refined effect or a bold and eye-catching visual, these blur techniques will undoubtedly elevate the aesthetics of your website.

As of February 2024 , we are thrilled to present an update to our collection , featuring four brand new items . These additions reflect the latest trends and advancements in CSS blur effects, ensuring that you have access to the most cutting-edge techniques available.

By exploring this collection, you will discover a diverse range of blur effects, each accompanied by its respective code example. This allows you to easily implement these effects into your own projects, regardless of your level of expertise. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting out, this collection offers inspiration and practical solutions for all.

So, join us as we delve into this compilation of CSS blur effects, sourced from various platforms and updated with four exciting new additions . Unleash your creativity and transform your web designs with these mesmerizing blur effects, adding a touch of magic and allure to your online presence.

A Draggable Popup with Backdrop Blur in HTML & CSS

The HTML structure is quite simple, with a div element having a class of popup and an h1 tag inside it. The box-shadow and backdrop-filter properties are used to create a blur effect behind the popup. The mask property is used to create a gradient effect. The JavaScript makes the popup draggable using the jQuery UI’s draggable function. It also uses the Knobs library to create interactive knobs that allow the user to adjust the shadow size, blur size, and blur strength of the popup. Dependencies: jquery.js, jquery-ui.js, knobs.js.

• demo and code

Quote Effect using a CSS Blur Filter

The quote is broken down into individual span elements for each word or punctuation mark. Each span contains data attributes specifying the duration , delay , and blur amount for the animation. Specific styles are applied to animate the span elements from a blurred state to clear text. A JavaScript function animate() iteratively applies animation styles to each word based on its data attributes. After all words are animated, they return to their initial state and the animation repeats. Dependencies: tweenmax.js.

Dynamic Background Image with CSS Blur Effect

This code snippet is a great example of how CSS can be used to create visually appealing effects on web pages. The combination of a dynamic background image with a blur effect and animation can make a webpage more engaging and visually interesting. The div.bg-image is used to display the background image, while the div.bg-blur is used to create the blur effect. The .bg-blur class applies a blur effect to the background image. It uses the backdrop-filter property with a saturate(180%) blur(20px) value to increase the color saturation and apply a blur effect. The rgba(138, 42, 10, 0.25) value sets a semi-transparent dark overlay on the image. The .bg-blur class also includes a CSS animation named fade . This animation gradually changes the opacity of the div.bg-blur from 0 to 1 , creating a fading effect. Responsive .

Smooth Blur

The div element is styled to have a width of 50vmin and an aspect ratio of 1/1 , making it responsive and square-shaped. It has a border-radius of 2rem , giving it rounded corners. A box-shadow is applied for a subtle lifting effect. An ::after pseudo-element with a backdrop-filter is used to create a blur effect. The image inside the div is positioned absolutely and scaled to cover the entire div with some overflow, ensuring it fills the container while maintaining its aspect ratio.

• yoichi kobayashi
• April 24, 2022
• HTML / CSS (SCSS)

About a code

Animated css filter blur.

Compatible browsers: Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera, Safari

Responsive: no

Dependencies: -

• December 30, 2019

CSS Directional Motion Blur

Motion/directional blur in pure HTML/CSS with the use of filter:blur and inverse scaling on parent and child.

Responsive: yes

• November 9, 2019
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Blurred Video Effect with CSS filter

• Thomas Trinca
• July 13, 2016

Shifting Depth of Field

A demo intended to mimic the shifting depth of field of a camera lens using blur filters and keyframes.

• Karlo Videk
• May 7, 2016

Pure CSS Motion Blur

CSS keyframes animation of a ball with motion blur. Animation made with only one element.

• May 2, 2016

Blurred, Invisible Ink, and Redacted Text

Exploring some ways of visually hiding or obscuring text with CSS filter s and pseudo-elements.

Dependencies: bootstrap.css

• Natalie Frecka
• December 13, 2015
• HTML (Pug) / CSS (SCSS)

Blur Buttons

Buttons blur on or un-blur on hover.

• Tatsuya Azegami
• October 29, 2015

Loading Animation CSS

Text blur animation CSS only.

• Glenn Reyes
• September 10, 2015

A Blurred Overlay

• Jonny Scholes
• May 23, 2015

In/Out of Focus Text Effect

• Andrew Burton
• December 2, 2014

Text Blurring Animation

Text animates in from being blurred to crisp and out again. Uses CSS3 animations and text-shadow .

• October 24, 2014

Hover Effect Blur

• Derek Peruo
• April 16, 2014

Pure CSS Text Blur

A simple text blur effect using pure CSS.

• sjmcpherson
• May 3, 2013
• HTML (Haml) / CSS (Less)

Rollover CSS Blur Filter Image Gallery

Utilizing CSS transition s & transform s and the CSS blur filter .

• April 19, 2013

I LOVE BLUR

• Dudley Storey
• July 28, 2012

Cross-Browser Image Blur With Transition