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8 Volcanic Experiences to Have in Iceland

Iceland is perhaps best known for its “Land of Fire and Ice” nickname, earned from its long history of eruptions at volcanoes with tongue-twisting names. Eyjafjallajökull, anyone?

But keep in mind that, like the northern lights, volcanic activity doesn't happen on demand. That said, eruptions do happen! You'll be able to safely visit volcanic places on your trip to Iceland , including both ancient and active sites.

Let's take a look at 8 impressive volcanic attractions you could check out in Iceland.

• Learn about the latest volcanic activity on our eruption news page
• Explore exciting volcano tours in Iceland

Good to know: At Nordic Visitor, we stay up-to-date with volcanic activity in Iceland. We also make sure our clients are informed about any potential disruptions to travel plans and take care of any itinerary changes.

1. Eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula 

Located in the southwest of Iceland , this region has plenty to offer on your adventure. Here, you’ll find the Keflavík International Airport, the Blue Lagoon and the Fagradalsfjall volcano .

Before 2021, this volcano lay dormant for around 800 years. But now, the Reykjanes peninsula is active, with several eruptions in the area in recent years. This has meant the area, once seen as a sleeping giant, is now a hub of intense geological activity.

This is all thanks to its location on the Mid-Atlantic Rift, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates drift apart. That’s why you’ll see active volcanoes, moss-coated lava fields and cone-shaped mountains.

To stay up-to-date with the latest information about volcanic events in Iceland, check out the following sites:

• Safe Travel Iceland – for safety alerts
• Icelandic Met Office – for information on seismic activity and the weather
• Visit Reykjanes – for information on the hiking trails and where to park

2. The Volcano House in Reykjavík

Before venturing into the Icelandic countryside to see actual volcanic sites, why not take some time to learn about volcanoes in the capital city?

Located right by the old harbour in the Reykjavík city centre, the small Volcano House museum features exhibitions on Iceland’s geological history as well as a collection of volcanic rocks (that you can touch!).

It also screens two documentaries about famous eruptions. The first one is about the sudden eruption in the Westman Islands (which you can read about below). The other covers the famous 2010 volcanic eruptions at Eyjafjallajökull and Fimmvörðulháls.

• Discover volcanoes as part of a self-drive tour in Iceland

3. The Eldheimar Volcano Museum in Heimaey

Vestmannaeyjar, or the Westman Islands , is a stunning archipelago off Iceland’s south coast. Sometimes called “Pompeii of the North,” all of the archipelago’s islands have evolved from underwater eruptions.

Heimaey, the only inhabited island, was the site of an eruption in 1973. It buried 400 buildings under thick lava, some of which have been partially uncovered and preserved.

The Eldheimar Volcano Museum in town focuses on this event, which is today considered one of Iceland’s largest natural disasters. The exhibit looks at the lives of the residents before the eruption that saw them evacuating their homes in the night and never being able to return. 

4. The Lava Centre in Hvolsvöllur

If you came to Iceland to experience the Land of Fire and Ice, the Lava Centre museum in  South Iceland  is worth a visit. This innovative museum opened in 2017 not far from Mount Hekla, an active volcano that was considered to be the gateway to hell in the Middle Ages.

Inside, the interactive, state-of-the-art exhibit depicts millions of years of Icelandic volcanic activity. It covers earthquakes, eruptions, glacial floods, rift systems and the formation of Iceland's landmass.

If all that tectonic rumbling makes your stomach rumble, you can grab a bite at the onsite Katla Restaurant, aptly named for one of Iceland's largest volcanoes.

• See the country with a local expert on one of these privately guided Iceland tours

5. Snæfellsjökull National Park in West Iceland

Located at the tip of the Snæfellsnes peninsula in West Iceland, the terrain of Snæfellsjökull National Park looks as though it was ripped from prehistoric times.

The park is named for the prominent, glacier-topped Snæfellsjökull volcano, which Jules Verne famously used as the setting for his classic novel Journey to the Center of the Earth . 

This park boasts many other unusual volcanic landforms to explore, such as Djúpalónssandur beach with its smooth black pebbles and "lifting stones", and the beautifully secluded Dritvík cove. You could also discover the jutting cliffs at Lóndrangar and the extensive lava fields surrounding the volcano.

For a closer look at the area's volcanic history, you can even join a guided tour of the Vatnshellir or Víðgelmir cave.

6. "Inside the Volcano" tour near Reykjavík

Not only can you walk into a glacier in the Land of Fire and Ice, but you can also go deep inside a dormant volcano.

The Inside the Volcano day tour is a real-life journey to the centre of the earth. You descend 120 metres (394 feet) via a cable lift into the ancient magma chamber of the Thrihnukagigur volcano. From the bottom of the cave, you’ll be able to marvel at the colourful lava-rock walls.

For a similarly adventurous experience not far from this volcano, we recommend a guided "Lava Tunnel" tour inside the Raufarhólshellir lava cave.

• Experience the Land of Fire and Ice on a guided small group tour of Iceland

7. Hverfell volcanic crater in North Iceland

The Lake Mývatn area of North Iceland is a hotbed of unusual volcanic terrain and geothermal activity .

At 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) in diameter, Hverfjall is probably the biggest tephra crater in Europe, making it well worth a visit. Located nearby the popular Dimmuborgir lava formations , this enormous crater was formed in an explosive eruption some 2,500 years ago.

8. Krafla caldera in North Iceland

Another major Lake Mývatn area volcanic attraction is Krafla , a massive caldera with a diameter of 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) and depth of 2 kilometres (1.2 miles).

Situated along a 90-kilometre (56-mile) long fissure zone, it erupted a staggering nine times between 1974 and 1984, with 29 total eruptions in recorded history. Among these events is the “Krafla Fires,” a long-lasting eruption from 1977 to 1984.

On the northwest side of the Krafla caldera is Víti, an explosion crater 300 metres (984 feet) in diameter with a greenish-blue lake inside of it. The name Víti, meaning “Hell” in Icelandic, comes from the old local belief that the underworld was located under the volcanoes in this area.

From the Krafla parking area you can walk to the edge of the rim on a marked path, guiding you through sulphur vents and rocks that are still warm to the touch from the Krafla Fires.

Want more volcanic adventures?

You could witness breathtaking natural wonders in Iceland. Imagine exploring the active Fagradalsfjall volcano on the Reykjanes peninsula, or learning fascinating stories at the Eldheimar Volcano Museum.

Each place tells a unique part of Iceland's geological history. Book an Iceland volcano tour with Nordic Visitor, and you’ll discover the incredible landscapes shaped by nature's forces.

Note: Never attempt to hike in the highlands or on glaciers without a professional, licensed guiding service.

Learn more about the Land of Fire and Ice: contact us to book a trip .

When not writing about Northern European tourist attractions, Jessica Bowe is busy daydreaming about her next trip or scouring Instagram for travel inspiration. Originally from Wisconsin (USA), she's lived in Iceland since 2008 and has since become fully immersed in Eurovision mania and Scandinavian coffee culture.

Find Jessica on LinkedIn .

Getting there

We'd love to give you the same amazing travel experiences as you read about in our blog! To visit the destinations and attractions mentioned in this post - and to discover a few new highlights along the way - check out these recommended Nordic Visitor tours.

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8 of the Best Volcano Tours in Iceland 2024

Have you been wondering the best volcano tours in iceland i’ve got you covered.

Iceland is known for its stunning landscapes, and its active volcanoes are some of the most unique geothermal attractions available worldwide. The country has over 30 active volcanoes, which can be explored through guided tours.

For those who want to witness the incredible power of nature, these tours offer an unbeatable experience. From the picturesque natural beauty to the roaring eruptions, a volcano tour in Iceland creates memories that will last a lifetime.

I’ve travelled to Iceland several times and have been lucky enough to see some of these active volcanoes. For any traveller unsure which volcanic tour in Iceland to take, this article will provide you with several options depending on your budget.

Table of Contents

My Top 3 Picks: the Best Volcano Tours in Iceland

Volcano Tour- Litli Hrútur

• Best viewpoints
• Max of 19 people

Volcanic Helicopter Tour

• 30 to 40 minutes
• Pass over Reykjavik 
• Private Flight

Landmannalaugar Hiking Tour

• Small Group
• Natural hot springs

8 of the Best Volcano Tours in Iceland

1. volcano tour- litli hrútur, reykjanes peninsula, icelandic snacks.

⭐️  RATING:  4/5 Stars | ⏳  LENGTH:   6-8 hours |📍 LOCATION: Fagradalsfjall | ✅  Book it!

The Fagradalsfjall Volcano began erupting in early 2021, and its fiery display continued for around six months. Despite the eruption ending, the sight of the fresh lava fields and newly formed craters shaped by volcanic activity remains a fantastic sight to behold. Suppose you are intrigued by this natural phenomenon.

In that case, an exciting tour departing from Reykjavik offers an excellent opportunity to explore these wonders up close. This tour takes you to the most advantageous viewpoints, allowing you to see the impressive Fagradalsfjall crater and the expanse of lava flows. However, this tour is not just limited to the volcanic sights.

In addition to seeing the volcano, the tour includes visits to nearby locations with geothermal activity. During the tour, you will have the chance to learn from your knowledgeable guide about the fascinating underground heat processes that shape Iceland’s unique landscape.

One of the places you will visit is Seltún, a location renowned for its bubbling mud pools and incredibly hot springs.

These natural wonders give you a firsthand glimpse into the powerful forces beneath the Earth’s surface. It is an experience that can help you appreciate the dynamic processes that have shaped Iceland’s environment over thousands of years.

Emily says: “Brilliant tour with absolutely stunning views! Johannes was our tour guide, and he was really friendly and informative. A few stops on the way, of which the scenery was beautiful. A good hike up to the volcano (I didn’t realise how much of a hike!) and you could see all the formed lava, still smoking! All in all, the views, tour and Johannes was amazing and would definitely recommend.”

This Volcano Tour Iceland begins with a hassle-free and efficient pick-up service. You will be conveniently picked up from a hotel in the centre of Reykjavik or from various other pick-up spots around the city. This eliminates the stress of finding transportation and ensures a smooth start to the adventure.

Throughout the tour, knowledgeable guides share their insights into the geological and geothermal features of the region. The tour takes you to the volcanic landscapes of the Reykjanes Peninsula. This region is situated along the Mid-Atlantic Rift, a significant geological boundary between tectonic plates.

The experience of witnessing this unique landscape, shaped by tectonic forces, offers a deeper understanding of the Earth’s dynamic processes. You will then get to see the aftermath of the Fagradalsfjall volcano eruption that occurred in 2021. This eruption was remarkable because it had been 800 years since any volcanic activity had been recorded in the area.

You can see the aftermath up close, observing the black, twisted lava still warm to the touch (please don’t actually touch it!). This provides a rare opportunity to witness the power of nature. One of the tour’s highlights is the opportunity to see a live volcanic eruption and molten magma at the Litli Hrutur Active Volcano.

The journey to the eruption site might be physically demanding, but the reward is insane. You get to experience sceneries of vast lava fields and ongoing volcanic activity. The tour also includes visiting the Seltún Geothermal Area, where you can witness bubbling mud pools and boiling hot springs.

You will also drive by Kleifarvatn Lake, the largest lake on the Reykjanes Peninsula. In summary, this tour offers a combination of educational experiences and sights, allowing you to witness the aftermath of a volcanic eruption, explore geothermal wonders and learn from expert guides.

Important details

• Start time and location: 8:30 am from one of the hotels in the center of Reykjavik or from one of the many pick up spots dotted across the city.
• Duration: approximately 6 to 8 hours
• Includes: Parking fees and fuel surcharge

🤩 Check Prices and Availability!

2. New Volcanic Eruption Area: Helicopter Tour in Iceland

⭐️  RATING:  4.5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:   30 to 40 min |📍 LOCATION: Fagradalsfjall | ✅  Book it!

When you find yourself in Reykjavik, prepare for an extraordinary experience by taking a helicopter ride over the Fagradalsfjall Volcano. This adventure promises an up-close encounter with some of the most vigorous and dramatic fissure openings Iceland offers.

As you embark on this 20-minute flight, the helicopter will lift you above the heart of the volcanic activity, granting you a bird’s eye view. Your journey will also include the insightful commentary provided by your expert guide.

They will share their knowledge about the geological forces and the region’s volcanic activity history. This educational element adds a layer of depth to your experience.

Not only will you witness the raw power of the volcano itself, but you will also have the privilege of admiring the cityscape of Reykjavik from an entirely new perspective.

With its distinctive architecture, the urban landscape takes on a different charm when viewed from the air. Lastly, you will fly over Faxafloi Bay, an expanse of aquamarine waters stretching out to the horizon.

The helicopter ride will carry you over this natural wonder, offering a unique vantage point to appreciate its beauty.

As you prepare for this unforgettable journey, ensure your cameras are ready. The sights you will encounter during this helicopter ride are the stuff of dreams and the makings of exceptional photographs.

Carmen says: “Flying next to the area where the volcano erupted was simply amazing! My granddaughter and I (9 yo & 75 yo) had an incredible experience. Everything worked well with ground operations team. Despite changing weather conditions and closure of air-space we managed to get on the air and enjoy the view! Thank you team!”

On this Fagradalsfjall Volcano tour, you can witness the Fagradalsfjall Volcano Eruptions of 2023, 2022 and 2021. You will soar over Iceland’s most sizzling fissure openings, where you can take in the striking panorama of the cone-shaped tuya, recent streams of molten lava and traces of cooled magma.

On your 20-minute-long helicopter flight, you can also fly over Reykjavik and Faxaflói Bay. It provides you with many insights into Iceland and its different types of landscapes. Do not miss the opportunity to capture some stunning Instagram-worthy shots of the aftermath of the August 2022 eruption.

• Start time and location: Book your time and head to Ace FBO Reykjavík
• Duration: approximately 30 – 40 minutes in total
• Includes: Fuel surcharge

3. Landmannalaugar Hiking Tour – Highlands of Iceland

⭐️  RATING:  4.5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:   5 Hours |📍 LOCATION: Landmannalaugar | ✅  Book it!

Join a full-day Landmannalaugar hiking excursion and Volcano tour from Reykjavik, where an accredited hiking expert will accompany you.

You will get to hike across rugged trails through the heart of the Fjallabak Nature Reserve, where you will admire sprawling lava fields, glacial lakes, and peaks that have formed high into the sky.

On your journey, you will go through the Vondugil Canyon, a striking passage that leads you further into the heart of the reserve before then ascending the slopes of the Brennisteinsalda Volcano. This iconic summit is where vigorous geysers send columns of scorching steam soaring into the air.

Next, you will explore the Grænagil Canyon as you descend towards the base of Mount Bláhnúkur. Here, the option to climb this ancient volcano is presented, provided that time and weather conditions permit.

Afterwards, you will enjoy a moment of well-deserved rejuvenation as you indulge in a soothing soak within the natural hot springs of Landmannalaugar. You will get to soothe your muscles after the memorable hike.

Darya says “We had an awesome hike in Landmannnalaugar! Our guide Biggi offered fantastic information throughout our drive down from Reykjavík, and guided us on a great and beautiful hike throughout the region. It takes about 4 hrs to get there, with 2 on the highway and the other 2 on a bumpy lava field, which had great views too! The soak in the hot springs at the end provided a great ending to the hike.”

Embark on a 4-hour hiking experience leading you through Landmannalaugar’s highland area and nature reserve. The landscape you will encounter is like an artist’s canvas brought to life, where vibrant colours blend and merge, creating a beautiful visual that you will not forget.

Landmannalaugar has long held its place as a magnet for adventurers and nature enthusiasts. Its reputation is well deserved for a world worth exploring within its borders. The terrain offers both challenge and reward, with each step leading to a new view.

You can enjoy a natural hot pool after your hike and adventure through the rugged terrain. The sensation of the warm water against your skin is both rejuvenating and relaxing, a perfect ending to your experience.

• Start time and location: Meet at 11:30 am in front of the Main Hut in Landmannalaugar Camping. Please note that you will require a 4×4 Jeep that is permitted to drive on F-roads to drive to Landmannalaugar. Alternatively, you can request a pick up from several locations.
• Duration: approximately 5 hours
• Includes: Small group guarantee, transport to and from Reykjavik and an expert hiking guide

4. Volcano ATV Tour

⭐️  RATING:  5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:  1 Hour |📍 LOCATION: Heimaey Island | ✅  Book it!

This ATV tour is an exciting adventure where you explore the Eldfell Volcano and the scenic Heimaey Island coastline. Alongside a small group (14 participants max), you will also be accompanied by an experienced guide.

You will be taken on a comprehensive journey across the island, uncovering its hidden gems and unique features. Witness the beauty of Prestvik Beach and learn about the founding tale of these islands.

The ATVs that are used are comfortable, and each accommodates two riders. They are easy to drive and therefore offer an accessible driving experience that does not require advanced driving skills.

All drivers must have a valid driver’s license to take the wheel. This excursion is suitable for ages six and above, making it a family-friendly adventure.

Miroslav says “Awesome tour. Island is pretty small and this ride let us explore the most recent volcanic activity. Our guide Christof was great and shared funny stories. Recommend to all visitors as one of the most fun things to do in Heimaey”.

This ATV tour takes you to Prestvik Beach, where you will see the stranded fishing ship Pelagus. You will learn the story of its fate and how it stands as a testament to maritime history.

Additionally, you will explore the site where Guðlaugur Friðþórsson’s remarkable story unfolded after he had to swim 5-6 km through the dark and cold sea after the sinking of Hellisey VE 503.

The main event of the adventure is driving through the lava fields and delving into the heart of the Eldfell volcano, where you can drive right into the middle of it.

This tour is an ideal fit if you seek a blend of historical exploration and thrilling ATV riding. The automatic and user-friendly ATVs require no prior experience, making them accessible to all.

• Start time and location: Book your time slot and meet at Strandvegur 65. This is located 2-3 minute walk from the ferry Herjólfur.
• Duration: approximately 1 hour
• Includes: Overalls, gloves and helmet

5. Litli Hrutur active Volcano

⭐️  RATING:  4.5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:   10 Hours |📍 LOCATION: Geldingadalur | ✅  Book it!

Experience the adventure of a lifetime on this Iceland Volcano trip and see an active volcanic eruption and flowing molten lava! Your expert guide will greet you in Reykjavik before you leave for the trip.

The trek to the Litli Hrutur Active Volcano is challenging due to its considerable distance of up to 9 kilometres each way. So ensure you are physically fit enough to endure this hike and enjoy it. However, the rewards are tremendous.

Once you reach the volcano’s summit, you can witness expansive lava fields and a continuously erupting volcano. Upon reaching the volcano’s location, you will see the lava fields, where you can observe fresh lava coming out of the Earth and cascading everywhere.

While spending time at this natural wonder, your guide will take you to a safe spot to sample some Icelandic chocolate called Hraun, which translates to “lava.”

It’s advisable to bring ample snacks and water for the trip to ensure your comfort. It is also mandatory to wear sturdy hiking boots. These are available for rental if you do not have any.

A Trip Advisor reviewer says “Quite possibly the highlight of my trip. 11+ miles round trip to see it erupting. We parked at Parking 2 but this may change. Great views. The hike had a lot of flat spots but one particular incline was a bit tough because it was dry. Definitely take hiking poles if you have them for this part of the hike. The view from the very top is well worth it! We could see the volcano erupting – when we first got there it was good, but we spent about ½ hour or more there and it increasingly got higher. You couldn’t hear anything but you could smell it. A lot of people on the hike but because the hike is so long they are spread out. This was amazing to experience.”

Prepare for a truly once-in-a-lifetime encounter as you step into the extraordinary realm of Geldingadalur. It’s home to the magnificent Litli Hrutur Active Volcano. In the middle of untouched natural beauty, you will have the privilege of witnessing a real-time volcanic eruption that will leave you with incredible memories.

As you stand on the threshold of the volcano, you will be greeted by the sight of red magma and flowing lava. You might even be able to feel the Earth beneath your feet hum with the energy of the molten lava as it makes its way down the slopes.

On this tour, you will be accompanied by a guide who will be well-versed in the stories behind the volcanic landscapes. Therefore, you will not only witness the eruptions but also delve into the science behind the eruptions

• Start time and location: Pick up will be at 9:00 am and will be from either hotels or bus stops
• Duration: approximately 10 hours
• Includes: There is WiFi on board, snacks and a first-aid kit is available

6. Small Group Volcano Hike with a Geologist

⭐️  RATING:  4.5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:   6 Hours |📍 LOCATION: Fagradalsfjall | ✅  Book it!

Embark on this fun adventure to Iceland’s freshest volcano with this small group tour (max 6) from Reykjavik. Accompanied by an experienced geologist and volcanologist guide, you will explore the fascinating story of the 2021 eruption at Fagradalsfjall.

Walk across the lava-strewn landscape and observe the forming of new terrain from the lava flows. You will gain insights into how the lava’s composition moulds the characteristics of the rocks it forms.

During the group hike, you will ascend to the vantage point of the crater, where you will see breathtaking views of the sprawling lava.

This unique Iceland volcano tour – Fagradalsfjall presents the chance to stand at the foot of Iceland’s most recent volcano while learning comprehensive knowledge about the eruption from your knowledgeable geologist guide.

With the group size limited to a maximum of six participants, you will receive a truly personalised trip.

Benjamin says “Aside from being a highly educated geologist, Jasmin was extremely friendly and personable. The tour was absolutely breathtaking, and very educational about the volcanic history of Iceland and recent events. We highly recommend this tour to anyone, as well as any other tours Jasmin offers.”

On this trip, you will learn about Fagradalsfjall Volcano’s eruptions across multiple years, including 2023, 2022 and 2021. The journey to the eruption site on the Reykjanes peninsula goes through ancient lava fields, offering an initial glimpse into the creation of Iceland and the gradual shaping of the local terrain.

The hike commences with an overview of the volcanic history within the Reyjanes peninsula and the initial indications of renewed activity at this site. Within the lava field, you will then admire the creation and composition of the different lava rock formations before you hike to the volcano vantage point.

You will then get to admire the views of the extensive lava fields in front of you and get an idea of how expansive they are. The return journey to Reykjavik does not mean the tour is over, as you travel through landscapes flanked by hot springs, lakes and mountains.

Please note that the eruption’s activity can swiftly change, so the visibility of the molten lava’s radiant glow cannot be guaranteed. Please ensure you have approximately 2 to 3 hours to enjoy this experience.

• Start time and location: The tour starts at 10:00 am with a pick up in Reykjavik at Bus stop 8 (Hallgrimskirkja).
• Duration: approximately 6 hours
• Includes: Air-conditioned vehicle and parking fees. Crampons and headlamps are available if needed.

7. Puffin and Volcano Tour in Vestmannaeyjar

⭐️  RATING:  5/5 Stars | ⏳ LENGTH:   1.5 – 2 Hours |📍 LOCATION: Vestmannaeyjar | ✅  Book it!

This guided tour takes you on a fun journey through Iceland’s Westman Islands, where you will learn about its rich history, vibrant culture and charming wildlife. Your first stop is the picturesque Herjólfsdalur and Kaplagjóta, where a lovely and peaceful puffin colony will greet you.

Next up, explore the surrounding landscape by heading into the heart of the Eldfell crater, a site once transformed by the volcanic eruption. Continuing the wildlife encounter, witness another delightful puffin gathering at Stórhöfði.

The tour does not stop there; you also enter the exclusive Herjólfstown, the original Viking settlement. Here, you will gain access to learn about the island’s early inhabitants and their fascinating way of life.

Other elements of the Icelandic Volcano tour include going to Elephant Rock, where you can capture photos and watch your knowledgeable guide demonstrate the art of Sprangan, a traditional rope swinging technique.

Maryellen says “One of the best tours we have ever taken. The local operator is EYJA Tours. Be sure that they are running your trip. The gentleman who was our driver guide, I think his name was EMMY, is so authentic and so knowledgeable, and so devoted to his island. We had seven or eight different stops in our two hours, and he really could tell us about each place and he’s personally devoted a couple of years to restoring some of the sites you will see. Highly highly recommend this tour.”

You will make unforgettable memories on this tour as you explore the destinations of Herjólfsdalur and Kaplagjóta. These picturesque locations, known for their natural beauty, also host a small puffin colony.

Next up, your adventure takes you to the heart of Eldfell, the volcanic crater that serves as a powerful reminder of the island’s fiery past.

Spend time amidst the rugged terrain, where you will stand on the very ground where the eruption once began. As you journey, you will reach Stórhöfði, a cape renowned as Europe’s windiest spot. This wild and untamed landscape is home to the largest puffin colony in all of Iceland.

Find yourself surrounded by this natural wonder’s beauty and witness these beautiful creatures’ lively interactions. One of the tour’s highlights awaits you in Herjólfstown, where you will get to step back in time to the days of the first Viking settlers.

Gain exclusive access to this historic site, where you will learn about the history of the island’s earliest inhabitants. This privilege is only available through Eyjatours, making your experience even more special.

As you continue, your guide will showcase a local sport, Sprangan, adding cultural insight to your journey. Watch as your guide skill-fully demonstrates this traditional rope activity. On tour, you will also catch sight of the famous Elephant Rock, a natural formation that has captured the imagination of many.

• Start time and location: Book your time slot and then you need to take a ferry to get to Vestmannaeyjar. Then head to Eyjatours – Puffin Tours in Iceland.
• Duration: approximately 2 hours
• Includes: Admission to Herjólfstown, the first Viking family that settled in Vestmannaeyjar. Plus a local guide and an air conditioned vehicle.

8. 7-Hours Hiking Tour in Geldingadalir Volcanoes in Reykjanes

⏳ LENGTH:   7 Hours |📍 LOCATION: Geldingadalir | ✅  Book it!

On this Geldingadalir Volcano tour, you will get to experience volcanic activity’s influence on Iceland’s landscape. You will create memories on this unforgettable journey through the Reykjanes Peninsula, a short drive from Reykjavík.

Positioned along the mid-Atlantic ridge’s fissure line, this peninsula has been shaped by eruptions, earthquakes and seismic activity for centuries.

The focal point of this tour is undoubtedly the exploration of the Fagradalsfjall and Meradlir volcanoes within the Geldingadalir Valley, where recent eruptions have occurred.

You will get to witness Iceland’s most recently active volcano up close. This remarkable opportunity has only presented itself due to the scarcity of easily accessible and safe-to-visit active volcanoes in the country’s recent history.

This tour a new tour on Viator and is Idea for groups of up to 7 People

The first activity on the tour includes taking a stroll between the American and Eurasian continental plates at the Bridge Between Continents before heading over to discover the mysteries of Kleifarvatn Lake, the third largest and one of the deepest lakes in the South of Iceland.

The southern part of the lake is subject to geothermal heat, rumored to be the dwelling place of a worm-like monster. Next up on this tour, you will pass the Seltún Geothermal Area, filled with mud pots and fumaroles.

The vibrant hues stem from mineral deposits left by geothermal solutions, creating beautiful colours. Afterwards, you will drive over to the Reykjanes Peninsula, where you will explore the mid-Atlantic ridge’s fissure line.

Witness the incredible history of the region’s most recently active volcano, Fagradalsfjall, which has erupted in recent years, including 2023, 2022 and 2021. You will also encounter the fascinating Gunnuhver Hot Springs, where steam from geothermal reservoirs combines with surface water.

This gives birth to mud pools and accompanying gases like carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. The last part of the tour showcases the history of the Reykjanes Lighthouse.

The first lighthouse stood on Valahnúkur in 1878, yet earthquakes and powerful waves destroyed it. Since then, a new lighthouse has been built on Bæjarfell Hill, serving as a testament to resilience and change in the area.

• Start time and location: 10 am pick up time most hotels in Reykjavik .
• Duration: approximately 7 hours
• Includes: Snacks, lunch and free Wifi

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FAQs About visiting volcanoes in iceland

What is the best time of year to visit a volcano in iceland.

The best time of year to visit a volcano in Iceland is usually during the summer months, from June through August. During this period, the weather is warmer and more stable than other times of the year, making volcano visits easier and more comfortable.

How do I get to an Icelandic volcano?

The easiest way to get to an Icelandic volcano is by car or bus. Many tour companies offer trips that will take you right up to the edge of a volcano.

If you don’t have your own vehicle or don’t want to join a tour group, there are also public transportation options available. Buses and taxis can take you directly from Reykjavik to many major volcanoes in Iceland.

Are there any safety regulations when visiting an Icelandic volcano?

Yes, it’s important to follow all safety regulations when visiting an Icelandic volcano. Visitors should stay on marked paths and trails at all times, as off-trail exploring can be dangerous due to unstable ground and hazardous gases emitted from the volcano.

Additionally, visitors should keep a safe distance from lava flows and volcanic craters for their own safety.

where to see lava in iceland 2024

Iceland is a land of geothermal power and active volcanoes. In 2024, you can visit some of the most remarkable volcanoes in the world. Reykjanes Peninsula, located near the capital of Reykjavik, is home to several active volcanoes.

You can visit two hiking trails on the Peninsula—Krýsuvík and Seltún—which will provide you with amazing views of the mountains and bubbling lava fields.

Mýrdalsjökull glacier in the southern part of Iceland also has an active volcano underneath it—Katla Volcano—a must-see for adventurous travelers. For those looking to take things a step further, there are helicopter tours available that will take you right above these volcanoes!

do you need a tour to see the volcano in iceland?

Yes, a tour is necessary to see the volcano in Iceland. Hiring a licensed tour guide or joining an organized tour is the best way to safely view the sights and learn more about the volcano.

Tour guides are knowledgeable and can provide insight into the geological environment around you as well as offering helpful safety tips when exploring up close.

With their help, you can get an unforgettable experience of this incredible natural wonder.

Final Thoughts: volcano tours iceland

You’ll discover the incredible power of nature as you make your way to the volcanoes of Iceland. With these amazing day tours, you will be able to explore a landscape that is both unique and mesmerizing.

Along with stunning landscapes, you will also witness incredible eruptions from active geysers and hot springs. These experiences are nothing short of spectacular!

The beauty of Iceland’s volcanoes is something that should not be missed. So don’t wait – book one of these great tours today and explore the wonder and power of these majestic places for yourself! Don’t forget to take plenty of pictures, because these memories will last a lifetime.

Read More about Iceland:

• Iceland ring road accommodation
• Top 10 Budget Friendly Hotels in Iceland
• 15 Remarkable Things to see and Do in Iceland
• 48 Hours in Iceland – A 2 Day Itinerary

10 Day Itinerary for Iceland

The best day trips from reykjavik.

• 7 of the Best Golden Circle Tours in Iceland
• 9 of the Best Iceland Glacier Tours
• 9 of the Best Iceland South Coast Tours
• Budget Guide to Iceland
• Luxury Travel Guide to Iceland
• Guide to Visiting Iceland
• Is a Tour to Iceland’s South Coast worth it?

Sam, a seasoned traveler across four continents and 49 countries, is a leading authority in travel planning. Her website, Travelling King, offers tailored itineraries and expert guides for seamless trips. Sam's expertise in luxury travel, fast travel, and destination guides keeps her at the forefront of the travel community.

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Volcano Tours In Iceland

Guided day trips to iceland's best volcanoes.

Volcano Tours

• About Volcano Tours
• SUNDHNUKAGIGAR

Volcanoes: The Pillars of the Earth

Volcanoes remind us of the beauty, power, and majesty of nature — and Iceland has more than its fair share! These living mountains spit liquid fire and alter the world around them, creating lava caves  and darkened skies.

Arctic Adventures volcano tours bring you straight into the belly of the beast. Walk above volcanoes to behold them from above, or conquer your volcano of choice by wheel or foot.

Here’s a quick guide to Iceland’s mighty volcanoes and how to enjoy the country’s fieriest attractions. 

Going Underground: How Volcanoes Create Caves and Tunnels

Have you ever seen a blowtorch? Industrial forging is a good indication of how lava works. The basic principle of fire forging also leads to lava tunnels: scorching liquid coursing through softer walls of resistance beneath a harder surface. During volcano tours, you walk on or under this surviving surface! Many caves and lava tunnels are sturdy and big enough for people to pass through. 

There are many ways to get to the heart of a volcano in Iceland. A popular choice is the Thrihnukagigur Volcano  – literally the only place on Earth where you can explore the inside of a magma chamber.

After crossing a lava field on foot, you take the lift 400 meters (1200 feet) down into the heart of the volcano. The burned insides are a sight to behold – shades of red, orange and other colors that cannot be seen anywhere else. You’ll see firsthand how the mountain’s insides are reshaped as lava rips through them. No wonder CNN lists Thrihnukagigur Volcano as one of the must-see places in the world!

If you’re feeling even more adventurous, why not try caving? Iceland’s volcanoes have carved out a vast, intricate and fascinating series of underground tunnels.   Our Underworld Tour  brings you into tunnels that were created thousands of years ago by searing rivers of lava. Behold the otherworldly shapes and colors created by Iceland’s volcanoes and – if you visit at the right time of year – marvel at the beautiful icicles.

Scorched Earth: How Landscapes Are Shaped by Lava

Iceland’s glorious vistas are the result of the country’s turbulent environment. Over the centuries, locals created captivating mythology to explain how Iceland’s landmarks were formed. For instance, the volcanic rock formations of Dimmuborgir (roughly translated as “Dark Castles” in Icelandic) were said to be the home of the half-troll, half-ogre Grýla and her 13 children. The real stories are no less exciting!

Iceland’s Most Famous Volcanoes: Hekla, Katla, Eyjafjallajökull, Fagradalsfjall and Litla-Hrút

Hekla, queen of the volcanoes.

Mount Hekla  is undoubtedly the queen of Iceland’s 100 volcanoes. Hekla last erupted on February 26, 2000. According to scientists, the volcano’s pressure measurements are now rising at a higher rate than they were at the last eruption! We don’t know when Hekla will blow her top next, but it could be very soon. 

Hekla is often called the “Queen of Iceland”. You can find the legendary volcano in the Fjallabak Mountains. Hikers from across the globe dream of climbing to the summit of Hekla ⁠— a 1491-meter trek. 

Katla Volcano

Katla Volcano often makes headlines because of the belief that a future eruption is drawing closer and closer. Local Icelanders don’t understand all the hype — nothing unusual has happened at Katla, so there’s no cause for immediate concern. Then again, that could just be the typical mindset when you live in such a volcanic country! 

Katla lies beneath the surface of Kötlujökull Glacier, an outlet of Mýrdalsjökull’s Glacier in the Southern Highlands. Katla is a stratovolcano, just like the notorious Eyjafjallajökull Volcano that erupted in 2010. It’s also one of the biggest and most active volcanoes in Iceland. The volcano has erupted 16-20 times in the last thousand years. The last eruption occurred in 1918.  

Throughout history, the time between eruptions was 20 to 80 years. However, it has now been over 100 years since Katla last erupted.  This either means that Katla has “shut down,” or that its next volcanic event is long overdue. In more recent years, Katla has had smaller eruptions that didn’t disturb its glacier ice layer. The last small eruption occurred in 2011. 

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano

Eyjafjallajökull is a rare stratovolcano in Iceland. You may have heard the name of this volcano before — in 2010, the ash cloud that erupted from Eyjafjallajökull brought air travel across Europe to a stop for five days! The 2010 eruption was the largest volcanic event in Iceland since the Katla Volcano eruption in 1918, nearly 100 years earlier. 

Adventure seekers love to trek across the unique paths that have been formed by volcanic activity. The most famous of these paths is Thorsmork Volcano Hike , a hike from Thorsmork Valley to Fimmvorduhals Pass. Along the way, hikers pass by the newly-created craters of Magni and Modi. These craters point to the scene of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption. 

The views along the Thorsmork Volcano Hike are among the most beautiful in Iceland. At the 800-meter summit of the craters, hikers look over stunning hillside, volcanic paths, and magnificent glaciers. This unique landscape was largely formed by rivers of lava. 

You can also try out the Eyjafjallajökull Tour , which brings you to this epic volcano on a Super Jeep. 

Fagradalsfjall volcano

Fagradalsfjall volcano erupted for the first time on March 3rd, 2021, and for the second time on August 3rd, 2022, and is located in Geldingadalur on Reykjanes Peninsula. After the series of earthquakes, an eruptive fissure opened in Meradalir, a bit north of the last eruption. The eruption site is only 9 kilometers away from the nearest Grindavik village, making it one of the most accessible volcanic eruptions ever. Thousands of tourists and locals have visited the site individually or with a guided tour .

LITLI-HRÚTUR VOLCANO

On July 10, 2023, at approximately 16:40 , a volcanic eruption occurred near the Litli-Hrútur mountain, southwest of Reykjavik. This marks the third eruption in the region within three years. The eruption is classified as small and is not emitting ash into the atmosphere. Lava is flowing from a 200-meter (656 feet) fissure, creating captivating fountains. Concerns arise due to potentially high levels of volcanic gases, leading to the closure of access to the volcano. The eruption was preceded by increased seismic activity for a week. Fortunately, the eruption site is uninhabited, ensuring no immediate risks to communities or infrastructure. The lava flow is intensifying, resulting in expanding crater s. From July 12, the eruption site partially opened and visitors can explore it via the Meradalir Route from Suðurstrandarvegur. This 20km journey requires preparation, but with a guided tour, appropriate clothing, food, water, and a charged mobile phone, it can be a safe and unforgettable experience despite the site's dynamic nature.

This 20 km journey requires preparation, but with a guided tour , appropriate clothing, food, water, and a charged mobile phone, it can be a safe and unforgettable experience despite the site's dynamic nature. Follow the updates on the most recent volcano eruption in Iceland!

SUNDHNUKAGIGAR VOLCANO

Sundhnukagigar volcano is known to erupt two times: first, on December 18th, 2023 . The eruption that took 3 days happened near the town of Grindavik . The area is known to be seismically active, with another eruption of the same volcano following in February of 2024 . Because of these eruptions taking place near Grindavik, the citizens of this town were evacuated. For more details about this eruption, continue to read Seismic activity in Reykjanes Peninsula . 

HAGAFELL VOLCANO

The new year in Iceland was already marked with an eruption that took place on January 14th, 2024 . This is when lava near Hagafell Mountain burst. Since this wasn't the first recent eruption in the area, the authorities were prepared, making sure that no citizens of Grindavik were still in the town. The flights and other services were operating as per usual.

Lunar Landscapes

Geothermal activity has formed Iceland’s most beautiful landscapes, from deep green valleys to towering mountain peaks. Volcanoes are also to thank for the creation of the phenomenal Askja Caldera.  The vast Askja Caldera  is the result of a collapsed lava chamber that was ruptured during a volcanic eruption. The caldera is filled with electric blue water, forming a lake within the crater. 

The area around Askja Caldera is lifeless and scorched like a distant planet. In fact, NASA astronauts prepared for the 1969 moon landing with a visit to Askja!

The Land of Fire and Ice

Volcanoes are not just part of Iceland’s landscape. They’re also part of the national culture and mindset. Local Icelanders have a special respect and admiration for the ways that frightening aspects of nature create beauty and power. The country’s volcanic history has inspired local mythology and continues to influence lore to this day. T hese beasts’ towering reputation echoes throughout the world.

Iceland’s love for its volcanoes burns like molten lava and is solid as a mountain.

How To Visit The Volcano?

The best and safest way to visit a volcano is with a guided tour. Expert guides will be able to lead you to the eruption site, choosing the most secure paths and the optimal distance to observe the newly formed lava fields so you can get the best, safest, and most enjoyable experience. You can choose to book the hike to the eruption site or book a helicopter tour and see the volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula from above!

Is it safe to hike up to the eruption site?

Authorities in Iceland have taken the necessary steps to ensure everyone's safety. Hiking in the area will only be allowed once they give the go-ahead. Keep an eye on the situation and regular updates .

When exploring volcanic areas, it's crucial to maintain a safe distance, be mindful of gas exposure, and know the direction of the wind to avoid any mishaps.

What to bring to The Volcano?

Make sure that you are prepared before heading out to the volcano. We recommend wearing hiking clothes and packing a backpack with:

• Extra layers, gloves and headwear
• Good waterproof hiking shoes
• Waterproof jacket and pants
• Snacks for the hike & water
• Camera and extra batteries

Is it possible to go to the restroom during the hike?

There are no restrooms at the area just nature 😊 We do recommend that people use the restrooms in Grindavík where we stop for lunch before we start the hike.

Is The Eruption Site Open For A Visit?

Currently, the area near the eruption site is closed for safety reasons, until further notice. Please check regularly for updates on on accessible areas and safety rules.

Do I Need A Guide To Accompany Me To The Eruption Site?

When the eruption area will be safe and open for visitors, it is not obligatory to be accompanied by a professional guide to visit the site. However, taking a guided tour is safer than visiting the eruption site as fellow travelers will accompany you, and a local professional guide will ensure your safety.

Is The Eruption At Meradalir Still Ongoing?

No, the eruptions at Fagradalsfjall and Meradalir have concluded. The current volcanic activity is centered at Hagafell, located near Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula, and involves a new eruption that began on December 18 .

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International Edition

Inside the Volcano

A Journey towards the Center of the Earth

Enter Þríhnúkagígur volcano and descend into the only accessible lava chamber on planet Earth. What awaits you down there is truly magnificent.

The Volcano

Þríhnúkagígur

The volcano’s name Þríhnúkagígur, mostly unpronounceable for anyone other than locals, would be directly translated as ‘Three Peaks Crater’. No worries, it is safely dormant and has been for over 4.000 years.

Professional Guides

Amazing group of people are there for you. The guides who walk with you to and from the volcano have an undying passion for nature and people. The guides that take you down into the volcano are all heavily experienced mountaineers, many still part of the Icelandic wilderness rescue squads. Quite strong minds. The base camp guides welcome you with the best lamb soup there is and together with the rest of the crew they will immediately make you feel right at home.

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Our guests review

"Kaboom! True once in a lifetime experience!" - Olga H

"Put this at the top of your list of amazing, one-of-a-kind experiences that you can only do in the extraordinary country of Iceland!" - Albert S

"Yesterday was one of the coolest days of my life! This was one of the most beautiful natural cathedrals I have ever seen, and I was in awe the entire 45 minutes inside." - Jonathan

"Unlike anything out there. I will never forget my journey down into a place where Mother Nature has allowed us wee-humans to venture into. Simply put, awesome !!!" - Patricia

When are you going to have the chance to be inside the volcano again? 100% recommended! Nera

"This is an absolute must-do!!! We had the most awe-inspiring trip into the volcano and cannot recommend this more!!" Katie M

"The landscape was amazing. The inside of the volcano was unbelievable!! A very nice touch to offer lamb soup after the volcano." Kristen G

Touropia Travel Experts

Discover the World

10 Most Amazing Volcanoes in Iceland

Surrounded by the wild waters of the North Atlantic, Iceland is a very geologically and volcanically active country that boasts many breathtakingly beautiful landscapes. As it lies on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the island is dotted with volcanoes; around 30 of them are active. These often lie amid large lava fields, beneath sparkling glaciers, or hidden away among rocky mountain peaks.

Exploring the country’s dramatic and diverse scenery is a delight. Spurting geysers and simmering hot springs can often be found around its spectacular stratovolcanoes. Home to around 130 volcanoes in total, Iceland’s many volcanic landscapes count amongst the most riveting in the country, attracting hordes of tourists every year.

Map of Volcanoes in Iceland

Lying in the north of the island, Krafla is a lovely caldera surrounded by steaming vents, boiling mud pools and bubbling hot springs. In contrast to its fiery and frequent geothermal activity, its crater is home to a coldwater lake that is renowned for its delightful emerald blue colour.

While it only reaches 818 meters in height, Krafla’s otherworldly appearance makes it well worth checking out. Many people visit it alongside the nearby Myvatn Nature Baths.

9. Prestahnukur

Set in the Highlands of Iceland, the hulking presence of Prestahnúkur looms over the colourless, low-lying, and almost lifeless landscapes that lie around it. The dark and desolate look of the volcanic desert around the volcano is due to the millennia of lava flows and eruptions of ash that have mixed in with the earth.

Itself barren and rocky, Prestahnúkur and its 1,220-metre-high peak have a brooding and heavy feel about them. In the past, many people believed it was inhabited by ghosts. Its name in Icelandic means ‘peak of the priests,’ named after two men of the book who explored the mysterious mount found nothing amiss.

While these sagas and folktales were disproved, the atmospheric Prestahnúkur’s secluded setting certainly make for a memorable visit.

8. Snaefellsjokull

One of the most famous and photographed sights in the whole of Iceland, Snaefellsjokull lies perched at the tip of Snaefellsnes Peninsula, with icy waters lying all around it. Formed hundreds of thousands of years ago, the ancient stratovolcano is topped by glittering glaciers with crumbling cones, jagged craters, and lava-scarred landscapes also on show.

Besides its outstanding beauty, the 1,446-metre-high Snaefellsjokull is also noted for its cultural importance: it features in a number of Icelandic sagas and literary works. Of these, the most famous is undoubtedly Jules Vernes’ Journey to the Centre of the Earth.

Set within a marvelous national park of the same name, right in the far west of Iceland, Snaefellsjokull is one of the country’s most recognizable symbols.

7. Hverfjall

Known both as Hverfell and Hverfjall, this small, extinct volcano is one of northern Iceland’s most popular tourist attractions. This is because it lies just off the Ring Road and isn’t too hard or time consuming to hike.

You can easily clamber up its 420-metre-high tephra cone and amble around its kilometer-wide rim in just an hour. Appearing very much like a crater on the moon, Hverfjall’s crumbling and circular volcano walls lie amid a desolate and unforgiving landscape. The stocky tuff ring volcano is often visited alongside the shallow waters of Myvath that lie nearby.

6. Oraefajokull

Located on the island’s southeastern coastline, Öræfajökull is both the largest active volcano in the country and its highest peak overall. Covered in a blindingly bright white glacier, the sprawling mount reaches 2,110 meters at its tallest point, with fabulous views to be enjoyed from its summit.

From up high, you can see out over the coastal cliffs, with Vik’s famous black sand beaches spied off in the distance. Set within Vatnakojull National Park, Öræfajökull is very popular amongst hikers due to its prominent and picturesque peak and all the stunning scenery that surrounds it.

Set in Iceland’s wild and remote interior, Askja and its enormous caldera can only be reached by traversing the rugged terrain of Odadahraun – the island’s largest lava field and volcanic desert. While simply getting there is half the experience, Askja itself makes for an awe-inspiring sight; it boasts two beautiful lakes which stand out delightfully against the dark landscapes around them.

While the largest of the two, Oskjuvatn, is usually frozen over for most of the year, Vit, is actually warm enough to bathe in due to its bubbling hot springs. To add to the spectacular scene, the Dyngjufjoll Mountains lie all around Askja’s 1,516-meter-high caldera. These are home to lots of dramatic canyons and gorges.

The area’s appearance is so otherworldly that NASA sent astronauts here to prepare for their lunar missions.

4. Grimsvotn

The most volatile of Iceland’s volcanoes, Grímsvötn is known to have erupted at least 60 times throughout its history, with the latest having occurred in 2011. This disrupted international air travel for days, as columns of thick smoke and ash rose into the sky. While the volcano certainly can erupt fiercely and ferociously, its small stature belies its awesome power.

This is because most of the 1,725-metre-high volcano actually lies beneath the large Vatnakojull ice-cap. Consequently, most of its craters are obscured from view, with only part of its caldera and crater protruding above the ice. This, however, makes for an impressive sight, with Vatnakojull National Park’s endless expanse of ice and snow lying all around it.

Due to its frequent and fiery eruptions, Hekla is responsible for a large swathe of Iceland’s appearance. Over the millennia, it coated its surroundings in lava and tephra. It was the volcano’s tempestuous disposition that led to it being nicknamed the ‘Gateway to Hell’ in the Middle Ages.

Since it’s last eruption in 2000, Hekla is now a very popular place to go hiking. It generally takes around four hours to summit its 1,488-meter peak. Looking somewhat like an overturned boat, the stratovolcano’s long ridge is riddled with craters and is often covered in snow and small glaciers.

Looming above the desolate and devastated landscapes that lie around it, Hekla is one of island nation’s most famous volcanoes.

Located in a remote part of southern Iceland, Katla lies partially obscured by the glittering Myrdalsjokull glacier. This hides the fact that it is actually one of the largest and most powerful volcanoes in the country.

Towering to 1,512 meters, Katla boasts a ten kilometer-wide caldera, which is normally coated in hundreds of metres of ice. This rises imperiously above the surrounding lunar-like landscapes. The mighty mount has explosively erupted numerous times throughout its history, although the last violent event occurred in 1918.

Due to its proximity to Eyjafjallajökull, many believe that the neighbors are geologically related.

1. Eyjafjallajokull

Following its 2010 eruption, Eyjafjallajökull shot to international fame due to the disruption and chaos it wreaked on air travel in Europe for close to a week. The dramatic plumes of smoke and clouds of ash that billowed into the air marked the volcano’s most powerful and destructive eruption since 1823.

Considered dormant since then, Eyjafjallajökull lies just to the west of Katla, completely covered by a shining ice-cap. The stratovolcano’s crater rim is bordered by three peaks, with the 1,651-metre-high Hamundur being the tallest. Remarkably, the mountain’s south face used to be part of Iceland’s coastline until the sea retreated.

As such, its cliffs are now dotted with spectacular waterfalls, the most famous of which is Skogafoss. With so much incredible scenery on show and such an explosive recent history, Eyjafjallajökull is one of Iceland’s most amazing volcanoes.

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Fagradalsfjall volcano: How to experience Iceland's hottest tourist attraction

Photo: Ása Steinars

In spring of 2021, the Fagradalsfjall volcano erupted just outside of Reykjavik, making for a spectacular, lava-filled day trip from the city

Standing next to a glowing red lava flow is an experience that is very hard to describe. It’s literally the birth of new earth. Going back thousands of years, this is how Iceland was initially formed and there's really nothing quite like witnessing a live volcano eruption — safely, of course.

With plenty of precautions in place, the eruption of the Fagradalsfjall volcano has become quite literally the hottest tourist attraction in Iceland. Reykjavik residents had been anticipating the eruption for some time and Fagradalsfjall has not disappointed.

More than a month before the eruption actually started, an earthquake of magnitude 5.7 shook the whole of the Reykjanes peninsula. We clearly felt it in Reykjavik, only 40km from the epicentre. This was followed by more than 40.000 tremors over the course of several weeks.

Late on a Friday evening around six weeks later, and with the whole of Iceland watching and waiting, news emerged that lava had been spotted in Geldingadalur, the south westerly site's first eruption in 6,000 years. Once the emergency services announced that gas levels were low and they considered the volcano safe to visit, people flocked to the area.

It started off with one small crater at the base of a bowl in Geldingadalur, perfect for a 360 degree viewing experience from a safe distance. A few weeks later, more craters started to pop up and at one point seven different craters had an active lava flow. Eventually, all but one of the craters died out and the lava flow centralised.

For a few weeks in May, it peaked in activity and periodically sprayed lava up to 300m into the air. These spurts could be seen for miles, and from Reykjavik it looked like a scene out of Lord of the Rings with a gloomy red cloud hanging over the horizon at night.

On average there’s an active eruption every five years in Iceland, but this one has become hugely popular thanks to its rare proximity to Reykjavik. The first volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula in 800 years is also relatively small and gas levels are low, making it perfect for visitors. A hike to the crater only takes around an hour.

So if you’re planning a trip to Iceland, make sure to put the Fagradalsfjall volcano on your itinerary. You can drive out yourself or join a scheduled tour with many of the local day trip companies. Once at the parking lot, go talk to the rangers on site to figure out which route is best to take. The volcano changes on a daily basis so for the best chances of seeing the lava flow you need to know where to go.

For up-to-date information before you reach the site, check out local websites such as travel safety portal safetravel.is . Another great resource is this livestream of the crater .

Remember to bring good hiking shoes, water and some snacks. You will probably end up staying longer than you had planned to. The volcano has a strong tendency to get people hooked on watching lava flows, and I wouldn’t be surprised if you end up sitting there for hours taking in the unforgettable views.

23 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Iceland

Written by Anietra Hamper Updated Mar 14, 2023

Author Anietra Hamper has traveled throughout Iceland tackling outdoor adventures, from four-wheel driving over lava fields and fishing to taking in the waterfalls, hiking trails, and scenic drives.

Iceland, the island of fire and ice, has become one of the world's top travel destinations , not only for thrill-seeking adventurers but also for nature lovers looking for something different.

Here, you'll discover active volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, glaciers, ice fields, and fjords, for this sparsely populated country, resting at the edge of the Arctic Circle, sits atop one of the world's most volcanically active areas.

One way to explore Iceland is on your own with a rental car, from several days to a week, including a trip along the Ring Road that runs in a complete circle around the country.

Another way to plot your adventure in Iceland is with tours that can take you to the best options to see the northern lights; ATV trekking; and on day trips from Reykjavik to see some of Iceland's most stunning natural beauty, like the Blue Lagoon and waterfalls.

Find out more about the best places to visit with our list of the top attractions and things to do in Iceland.

1. Explore Reykjavik by Foot

2. ride to the top of hallgrímskirkja, 3. soak in the blue lagoon, grindavík, 4. gullfoss waterfall, 5. spot whales out of reykjavik, 6. watch spectacular geysers, 7. take in the northern lights, aurora borealis, 8. hike in landmannalaugar nature reserve, 9. maelifell volcano & myrdalsjökull glacier park, 10. attend a concert at harpa, 11. explore the skaftafell ice cave, vatnajökull national park, 12. visit an active volcano at askja caldera, 13. feel the spray of dettifoss waterfall, 14. kirkjufell mountain, grundarfjördur, 15. hiking at mount esja, 16. walk the town of akureyri, 17. bird-watching at lake myvatn & nature reserve, 18. the pearl observatory (perlan), 19. rev up adventure with an atv trek, 20. float along a glacial lagoon, 21. reynisfjara black sand beach, 22. tour the raufarhólshellir lava tunnel, 23. visit iceland's quirky museums, best time to visit iceland.

The best way to start your trip to Iceland is by sightseeing in the capital city of Reykjavik . This is a walkable city with many museums, restaurants, attractions, public art, and entertainment.

Take a stroll to see some of the iconic locations in the city, like Hallgrimskirkja church and the Sun Voyager sculpture, or relax in one of Reykjavik's 17 thermal pools. You will enjoy walking up and down the city streets and perhaps stop into one of the many artsy and boutique shops to buy a wool sweater or lava pottery.

You can also book a Reykjavik Food Walk Tour and nibble your way through Reykjavik's food scene enjoying local cheeses, or try an authentic Icelandic hot dog.

Some of the best resorts in Iceland are in Reykjavik, so you can base yourself in the city and take day trips. An extremely popular way to visit nearby areas is on a South Coast Full Day Tour by Minibus from Reykjavik.

A Reykjavik modernist icon, this visually striking church is one of the city's top attractions, and when you see it, you'll understand why. Hallgrimskirkja is the tallest and most recognizable building in the country .

The Black Falls (a basalt rock formation), which is one of Iceland's natural wonders, inspired the architectural design. A climb to the top of the 73-meter-high tower is particularly rewarding. Here, you'll be treated to spectacular views across the city and surrounding landscape. At the front of the church is a statue of Icelander Leifur Eiriksson ("Leif the Lucky"), the first European to discover America around 1,000 CE. It seems he beat Christopher Columbus by around 500 years or so. For a small fee, you can take the elevator to the top and get the best panoramic view of Reykjavik.

Address: Hallgrímstorg 1 101, Reykjavik

Just 40 minutes' drive from Reykjavík, the Blue Lagoon , the most iconic of geothermal spas, is a must-see tourist attraction. Here, you'll find natural bathing in pale blue water in the shadow of a power station.

An entire Blue Lagoon industry has grown around this attraction since it first became a hit with locals in 1976. The water from the underground hot springs reaches 37-39 degrees Celsius and is said to be highly beneficial for both health and skin. If the die-hard Icelanders are anything to go by, don't knock the theory. Aside from bathing in a unique setting, there's a shop selling skincare products, a range of spa treatments, and places to eat and drink. Don't visit Iceland without coming here.

Rub on a mask of natural mud in minerals from one of the tubs located on the edges of the lagoon. For the ultimate relaxing visit, you can stay at one of the two hotels at the Blue Lagoon and add on a day at the Retreat Spa.

It is easy to book a bus trip to the Blue Lagoon from Reykjavik, but if you want to add an extra element of Iceland adventure, you can book a day trip on an ATV that will have you drive there over lava rock paths and take you back by coach to your hotel.

Address: Norðurljósavegur 9, 240 Grindavík

Magnificent Gullfoss Waterfall lies around 90 minutes west of Reykjavik and is one of the best waterfalls in Iceland . The river Hvítá plummets into a canyon, which forms three-step terraces, creating a powerful torrent. Gullfoss encompasses two cascades; the upper one drops 11 meters, while the lower one cascades about 21 meters.

Torrents of water flow over Gullfoss at an average rate of 109 cubic meters per second, although heavy floods have recorded an astonishing rate of nearly twenty times that. A word of warning: there are no rails or barriers, just a spine-tingling spectacle to enjoy amid surroundings as nature intended.

No matter what time of year you plan to travel to Iceland, whale watching happens year-round, although summer is the most popular time to see these gentle giants. During the warmer months, trips run day and night, including whale watching in the midnight sun.

Tour operators say there's an 80-95 percent chance of seeing these magnificent creatures, depending on the time of year. Best of all, surfacing often happens right near the boats, so you may well enjoy a ringside seat for one of nature's most awe-inspiring spectacles.

Other ocean-going tours are also available, such as bird-watching and island visits. Tours are convenient since there are several types available, and they depart from Reykjavik's Old Harbor. Stop for a dinner of fresh cod after you return in one of the many small, rustic restaurants located in the harbor area.

Address: Ægisgardur 5, Reykjavik's Old Harbor

An easy 50-minute drive from Reykjavik , Strokkur Geysir (after which all geysers are named) is the most popular fountain geyser in the country and is famed throughout the world. This highly active hot spring area lies in the southwest of Iceland beside the Hvítá River and is a favorite stop along what's known as the Golden Circle.

Boiling mud pits and around 100 other smaller exploding geysers are waiting to be explored here. Every few minutes, Strokkur shoots water 30 meters into the air. Visit the Geysir Center for exhibits and informative presentations year-round.

A memorable experience is digging up Geysir or "hot spring" bread, rye bread that has been baking underground for 24 hours. Visitors can also help a chef boil eggs in a hot spring to accompany the bread. One popular day tour to the area is the Golden Circle Classic Day Trip from Reykjavik, which has several stops and can ensure you get the iconic geyser photo from your trip.

The northern lights, or Aurora Borealis, are among the most popular tourist attractions in Iceland. This is one of the best places in the world to see the northern lights .

Auroras are linked to solar wind, a flow of ions radiating from the sun. These particles become ensnared in the earth's magnetic field and collide with atmospheric molecules, causing bursts of energy, which appear as large circles around the poles. This spectacular natural light show is best admired in remote places and is particularly impressive at times of increased solar activity. Since the appearance of the northern lights is unpredictable, most hotels and lodging operators can provide you with nightly predictions before you go to bed and add you to an overnight call list.

They will call your room if the lights appear, as they may only be visible for a short window of time. For one of the most optimal opportunities to experience the northern lights, you can take a tour like the Northern Lights Night Tour from Reykjavik, which takes you to the remote countryside for the best chance to see this natural wonder.

In the south of Iceland, 180 kilometers from Reykjavik, is Landmannalaugar National Park, one of Iceland's most popular tourist destinations. The main features of this mystical landscape are the multi-hued rhyolite mountains, Hekla volcano , and extensive lava fields.

Hiking and horse riding are popular things to do here, and hikes range from a couple of hours to several days. You can visit from June to late September, after which the road is closed. A mountain lodge ( Landmannalaugar Hut ) with basic facilities accommodates 75 people. Expect raw nature, rugged scenery, and utterly spectacular views.

South of Landmannalaugar lies Myrdalsjökull Glacier Park, which for safety reasons can only be visited during summer. Large amounts of rain soak the area, particularly in winter, when roads can be severely damaged. Maelifell volcano is the undisputed jewel-in-the-crown of this wild, rugged glacial landscape.

The perfect cone shape gives Maelifell the look of a classic volcano, however during the warm season, a lavish green covering of moss gives it a surreal, otherworldly appearance. The park is full of volcanoes, hot springs , and other remarkable sites. To the west of Myrdalsjökull is a smaller glacier, Eyjafjallajökull (Island Mountain Glacier). A popular and thrilling way to explore is by snowmobile.

As you plan your time in Iceland, set aside an evening for a concert at the magnificent Harpa , Reykjavik's premier concert hall. If time or performance schedules do not fit your schedule, plan to at least stop by to admire the award-winning architecture of the building. Nighttime is one of the best times to see the array of colorful lights emanating from this honeycomb-shaped structure.

Harpa is a treasured landmark in Iceland, attracting international performances ranging from violinists and classical music to performing arts.

This venue makes for a great night out in the heart of the city. Enjoy dinner at one of Harpa's two restaurants and go for a stroll outside along the waterfront after the performance. The gift shop is a great place to pick up unique souvenirs, many made by local artists.

Address: Austurbakki 2, 101 Reykjavik

In the south of the country, Vatnajökull National Park is a land of glaciers and magnificent ice caves that attracts adventurers from across the globe. This vast national park (one of three in Iceland) is divided into four sections and consists of Vatnajökull glacier and its surroundings.

You'll find a number of visitor centers; those in Skaftafell Ice Cave and Höfn are open year-round, while Skriðuklaustur and Jökulsárgljúfur are closed in winter. The best time to visit Skaftafell Ice Cave is during winter after heavy rain has washed the top layer of the glacier away.

If seen at the right time, the cave is bathed in spectacular blue light. Group visits to all areas can be arranged off-season. If you are in good shape, you might consider doing a glacial trek with an experienced guide. The treks get you on the ice for an unforgettable experience to see glacial cracks and caves and even drink fresh water from small pools on the surface.

In the northern region of Vatnajökull National Park, the Askja caldera and the geothermal pool in the Dyngjufjöll Mountains are not for the faint-hearted. However, if you'd like to say you've taken a dip in a live volcano, then this is for you.

Askja is an impressive 50 square kilometers in size. The surrounding mountain range was formed during volcanic activity, and Askja was partly created by an eruption of burning ash that collapsed the roof of the central volcano's magma chamber.

The water in Viti , the geothermal pool and volcanic crater, is generally around 30 degrees Celsius. A word of warning, the banks can be very slippery, particularly in wet weather.

Dettifoss, in the north of Vatnajökull National Park, truly is a breathtaking example of the raw power of nature. Plunging 45 meters and with a width of 100 meters, it's said to be the most powerful waterfall in Europe.

Generally, it's best to approach on the east side of the River Jökulsa, where the road is better. Along easy paths from Dettifoss, Selfoss is a smaller waterfall around one kilometer upstream with a drop of around 10 meters. Below Dettifoss, the Hafragilsfoss waterfall tumbles 27 meters into a steep canyon. It's more advisable to drive than walk to Hafragilsfoss.

Around 2.5 hours' drive northwest of Reykjavik is the small town of Grundarfjördur, a charming fishing village centrally located on the north coast of the Snaefellsnes peninsula. The town lies in a picturesque fjord, surrounded by mountains, with Mt. Kirkjufell looming as a striking landmark.

Dotted about the surroundings, you'll discover small streams and waterfalls. During winter, Kirkjufell is a great place to watch the awe-inspiring northern lights . Eyrbyggja Heritage Centre holds exhibitions on Grundarfjördur's seafaring history and is the information center for the whole peninsula.

A 30-minute easterly drive from Reykjavik brings you to Mount Esja in Kjalarnes. The mountain is 914 meters high and very popular with hikers. Even for the inexperienced climber, it's a relatively easy hike. There are terrific views of Reykjavik and the surrounding landscape and ocean.

You can take several routes to the summit depending on your energy levels and how much time you have. You can get to the main starting point at Mount Esja by a 10-minute bus ride on public transportation that leaves out of the Hlemmur main station towards Artun. Check bus schedules and times before your visit.

In the north of the country, Akureyri lies amid mountains on the longest fjord in Iceland about 40 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. With a population of around 18,000, Akureyri's landscape and culture make it one of the best cities in Iceland . Summer days occasionally reach 25 degrees Celsius, and although winters bring heavy snowfall and cold weather, calm and still weather generally prevails.

Despite the town's isolation, cultural life and entertainment flourish here, and a wide range of shops offer brand-name products. The skiing area is the best in the country. Points of interest include the Akureyri Museum and the impressive Aviation Museum at Akureyri Airport .

A little over an hour's easterly drive from Akureyri is Myvatn in northern Iceland. It is a lake district famous for its wealth of birdlife, rich fauna, and large shallow body of water. It's estimated that the area was formed around 2,500 years ago by a gigantic lava eruption.

Today, the surroundings are volcanically active, with an eruption occurring as recently as the mid-1980s. Bubbling clay pits, sulphuric fumes, and lava formations all form part of this unique landscape, which is still in flux.

One of the most interesting scenic features of Myvatn is the rootless vents formed by the volcanic eruption. While the landforms resemble craters, they did not have a lava flow, but the volcanic activity still resulted in their creation, adding to a stunning and unique appearance around the lake.

The name Myvatn literally means "midge-water," a reference to the prolific midges here, especially during summer, so be sure to pack some insect repellent. The area is also a bird-watcher's paradise.

Originally the site of the city's gigantic thermal water tanks, " Perlan ," as it's known locally, is one of Reykjavik's landmark buildings. It occupies an enviable location on Öskjuhlíð hill, where there are in excess of 176,000 trees.

The hill is particularly pleasant, with bicycle trails and footpaths zigzagging up and down. The observatory affords stunning views over the city. Also on-site is a revolving restaurant , as well as gourmet and souvenir shops.

In addition, Perlan regularly hosts concerts and exhibitions in the Winter Garden. The observation deck is a real treat. The new planetarium is spectacular with a virtual trip of Iceland featuring the country's natural elements.

Address: Varmahlíð 1, 105 Reykjavík

A popular thing to do and one of the most adventurous ways to experience Iceland is on the back of an ATV, trekking across rugged lava fields, riding up dormant volcanos, and passing pastures with roaming wild Icelandic ponies.

These are views of Iceland that you will never forget and one of the best ways to get up close to the country's most scenic natural environment. Tours like the two-Hour ATV Quad Tour from Reykjavik lets you experience ATV off-road adventure without a huge time commitment. Many tours depart from Reykjavik but they are available in most regions of the country.

While Iceland is full of natural wonders, one of the most spectacular is the Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon. You will ride in a boat through large chunks of ice that have separated from the glacier.

The floating ice in the lagoon ranges from the size of small pebbles to the size of cars, but since you are floating in the lagoon with them, they are close enough to touch. Witness the blue hue of glacial cave formations and birds flying above in this natural environment.

The South Coast and Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon Day Tour from Reykjavik is a popular tour for visitors who want to set up a home base for their visit to Reykjavik and do a day trip to this top attraction. The tour also includes visits to two beautiful waterfalls and spectacular views of mountains and glacial rivers along the south coast.

While Iceland has some stunning beaches, the Reynisfjara black-sand beach on the country's southern coast has an other-worldly appearance. This unique beach is known for its black sand and rocky sea stacks that protrude from the oftentimes ferocious waves coming in from the Atlantic Ocean.

The eerie yet stunning landscape of natural beauty at Reynisfjara beach is one of the reasons it was selected as a filming location for films like Star Wars. The lighting at this beach adds to its contrasting allure, which is why it is a must-visit for anyone who enjoys photography.

As with many natural locations in Iceland, Reynisfjara black-sand beach has dark folklore associated with it. Iceland legend says that the rocky basalt sea stacks were once trolls pulling seafaring ships to shore in the night, and they turned to stone during sunrise.

You are not likely to see any trolls during your visit, but you might see some of the thousands of seabirds, like puffins, guillemots, and fulmars, that nest in the columns.

The 2.5-hour drive to the beach is easy from Reykjavik, or you can take a guided trip along the southern coast that includes this as a stop if you want to spend more time at some of the other features on that side of the island.

Read More: Best Black Sand Beaches in the World

The land of fire and ice has so many intriguing natural elements that visiting is an exciting science lesson into how volcanos work. One way to find out is by visiting the Raufarhólshellir lava tunnel in southwest Iceland.

At 4,461 feet, it is one of the longest lava tubes in the country. You can take a guided tour through the cave to get up close to the stunning lava rock formations and colorful walls that have formed below the earth.

A tour through the tunnel will walk you through the path where lava flowed during a volcanic eruption of the Bláfjöll Mountain Range more than 5,000 years ago. These tunnels were formed as flowing magma hardened and thickened, creating a crust roof resulting in a lava tube.

Outside the lava tube, you will see stunning green moss covering lava rock and craters formed from the eruption. It is only about a half hour from Reykjavik, and you can visit year-round. If you visit in the winter, plan on wearing extra layers and sturdy boots for icy and wet conditions.

Iceland has an intriguing history of Vikings that settled on the island and folklore involving trolls and other creatures that still influence the culture today. One of the most interesting ways to learn about the varied tentacles of Icelandic culture is by visiting some of its museums. Some of them are seemingly mainstream, while others, sometimes found off the beaten path, explore some rather unusual finds.

In Reykjavik, the National Museum of Iceland is a good place to visit to explore Icelandic history and settlement. The Saga Museum also gives insight into the Viking heritage, with life-sized replicas of early settlers, offering a nice history lesson before you venture into some of the other types of museums.

Start your quirky museum visit with The Punk Museum on the back street of Reykjavik, which delves into Iceland's punk music scene that emerged in the 1970s. The Árbær Open Air Museum (within the Reykjavik City Museum) is another experience worth trying as you see more than 20 buildings that form a small early settlement village.

Not far from Reykjavik in Njarðvík is the Viking World Museum , which has an exact replica of a Viking ship that was discovered in Norway in the late 1800s and exhibitions detailing the Norse settlement.

One of the more unique museums in Iceland is the Sigurgeir's Bird Museum at Mývatn . The tiny museum features a collection of more than 300 preserved bird specimens representing over 180 species and an extensive collection of eggs.

The Library of Water in Stykkishólmur will give you insight into Iceland's natural environment, with dozens of columns holding water from ice caps. The Nonsense Museum in the Westfjords is a quirky stop to enjoy a large collection of random items, from sugar cubes to police hats that came from forces around the world.

For those who are interested in a deep dive into the history of Iceland's folklore, you should visit The Museum of Icelandic Witchcraft and Sorcery in the Westfjords in Hólmavík village. This museum gives insight into some of the tales and history on which Icelandic beliefs are based. This can be a tough visit for some, and parents should give it a preview before taking their children inside.

When it comes to Iceland, the scenery is naturally stunning year-round, but certain times of the year are better than others to catch some of its most sought-after attributes.

For most visitors, the best time to visit Iceland is in the summer . But, the best time can also depend on what you want to experience. Do you want to catch a glimpse of the northern lights, visit when there is the most hours of daylight, or navigate the Ring Road with no snow? Or, do you want to travel during the low season to get the best rates on hotels and airfare? All of these factors matter when determining the best time to go to Iceland for your specific travel priorities.

Each season in Iceland comes with unique opportunities for exploration and the natural experiences that the island is famous for, like the midnight sun, aurora borealis, and hot springs.

Summer : Summer is hands down one of the best times to go to Iceland. It is the season with the best weather conditions, comfortable temperatures, the best opportunities for sightseeing, and when the roads and hiking trails are open and dry.

You get a front-row seat to the midnight sun. From May through August there is complete sunlight at midnight . While 24 hours of daylight makes it tough to sleep during your trip, it gives you more time to experience all that there is to see and do in Iceland. Summer is a great time to see minke whales out of Reykjavik.

Fall: The fall season is a lovely time to visit Iceland, when temperatures are slightly cooler, the summer tourists are gone, and the weather conditions are still favorable to do things like trekking on a glacier and riding an ATV over lava fields.

Fall colors on the trees are pretty, especially if you are horseback riding or hiking on one of the mountain trails. As fall dips into November, your chances of seeing the northern lights increase, and roads may start to close due to weather conditions. It is also a nice time to visit the Blue Lagoon when there are not so many tourists.

Winter: Winter days in Iceland can have almost 19 hours of darkness. It has the most inclement weather, but the top reason for visiting in the winter months is the chance to see the elusive northern lights. Prices will be cheaper for accommodations, and you will have plenty of availability on tours since it is the off-season.

Winter is a great time to take advantage of the snowfall in Iceland, with excursions like exploring ice caves and snowmobiling. It can be a fun time to visit the Blue Lagoon and the local hot springs where you can warm up – that is, until you get out.

Spring: Early spring in Iceland may still have snow-covered roads, but the days are starting to get longer. You also still have a chance to catch the northern lights during your visit. This shoulder season may limit some winter activities as they come to an end, and some summer excursions may not be available yet.

Spring is a great time to go whale watching, with many kinds of tours available out of Reykjavik. Spring is when you can catch a glimpse of another of Iceland's famous animal residents, the puffin, the unusual-looking bird that is more active in the spring.

More on Iceland

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Volcano tourism is booming, but is it too risky?

Dazzling eruptions draw visitors to places like Iceland and Hawaii. Here’s how to see them safely.

In late March 2021, thousands of people in Iceland hiked into the Geldingadalur valley to watch fiery lava splutter and spill from the crater of the Fagradalsfjall volcano after it erupted for the first time in nearly 800 years. As white ash clouds puffed above trails of glowing, molten rock inching through craggy black stones, some visitors took photos, others sat in quiet awe, and a few toasted marshmallows over the lava flows.

Photographer Chris Burkard, who captured the eruption for National Geographic, was transfixed by the ominous-but-beautiful landscape, too. “It was mesmerizing,” he says. “I never thought something as simple as molten rock would get me this excited.”

The aftermath of eruptions has created famously fertile ground for tourism. Japanese tourists have bunked at onsen ryokans (hot springs inns) in villages near volcanoes since the 8th century. The ruins of the ancient Roman city of Pompeii , preserved by a blanket of ashes when Mt. Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79, lured countless sightseers on the European Grand Tour in the 17th and 18th centuries.  

Traveling to an active volcano isn’t without risks and ethical questions.

can be the thrill of lifetime—or a fatal attraction. Before you get fired up to see one, here’s what you should know.  

The rise of ‘lava chasers’

The day after the Island of Hawaii’ s Mount Kilauea erupted on December 20, 2020, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park saw a sharp spike in visitors. Many of the 8,000 guests were locals, but the park has also seen a steady increase of out-of-state visitors as COVID-19 travel restrictions ease.

Depending on the place, travelers can take lava boat tours, hop helicopter trips over calderas, surf down the slopes of a volcano, or even walk to the edge of the lava lake. But these endeavors come with risk. Eruptions often produce poisonous gasses (e.g., sulfur dioxide, present at Fagradalsfjall

that can damage your lungs. Between 2010 and 2020, at least 1,143 people have been killed in volcanic explosions, most recently near

, which suddenly erupted December 9, 2019, killing 22 tourists and injuring 25 others.  

Yet, these casualties seem to have fueled curiosity rather than deterred tourism. Instead of steering clear of erupting volcanoes, sensation seekers are drawn to disaster areas—a trend expected to continue after the pandemic.

Targeting eruptions

Volcanic eruptions happen when there’s an increase in magma-static pressure or a shift in tectonic plates, which can also spur earthquakes . Sometimes, erosion or melting glaciers slowly move the earth and eventually spur eruptions; other times sudden landslides trigger them. Volcanic activities are monitored by scientific observatories around the world, so blow ups are rarely a surprise. (For a bit of armchair volcanology, use the Smithsonian Institution’s online active eruption tracker .)

“If you know some of the basics, you can observe eruptions fairly safely,” says Rosaly M.C. Lopes, a volcanologist and planetary geologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “We’re lucky that the most beautiful eruptions—in Hawaii, Iceland, and Stromboli, Italy —are also not the most explosive ones.”

Author of the Volcano Adventure Guide , Lopes says it’s important to know the type of volcanoes you’re visiting. The volatility of a given site depends on its lava: thin and runny lava flows out of the volcano slowly, while thick and viscous lava makes it difficult for gas to escape, resulting in more explosive (and possibly, deadly) eruptions. Knowing which sort you are dealing with could potentially save your life.

When Italy’s Mount Etna erupted in 1987, two tourists were killed. Lopes was only a mile away on a research trip when it happened. “If it’s a volcano like Etna, and there is a sudden explosion, look up and see where these rock fragments are going to land,” she says. “But you don’t run; you dodge them. And after fragments land, you run.”

On the opposite spectrum, during the sudden eruption of New Zealand ’s Whakaari/White Island volcano, Lopes says those who survived were likely the ones who sprinted the fastest. “Some people stayed to take photos. I think some just got caught and couldn’t run fast enough,” she says. “But that is a dangerous volcano, and volcanologists knew it could have a sudden explosion.”

Life in the shadow of a volcano

There are more than 1,500 active volcanoes in 81 countries. For the hundreds of millions of people who reside near them, they’re just a part of daily life, like bad traffic or frequent rain.

The relationship between Sakurajima and the locals is reciprocal. Fertile soil near the volcano helps Kagoshima grow its famed daikon radishes and tiny komikan   oranges.  

“Without Sakurajima there would be no Kagoshima. It’s the symbol of our city, and the people here view it as a protective god,” says Naoto Maesako, owner of Kagoshima City’s Yogan Yaki restaurant, where vegetables, kurobuta pork, and wagyu beef are cooked on hot plates made from local lava. “We feel that Sakurajima sees us through typhoons and other disasters safely. It’s our history right in front of us, and we can see the same smoldering scene as our ancestors did.”

In Hawaii, the connection between volcanoes and residents is a part of the islands’ origin story. Ancient Hawaiian chants refer to Pele, goddess of volcanoes and fire, as “she who shapes the sacred land.” “The Hawaiian people have been here and have flourished for more than 1,000 years,” says Hayes. “It’s impossible not to be connected deeply with generations of cherished stories, ancestors, and family connection to the   ’aina — the land.”    

Taking a dark turn

In 2018, Mount Kīlauea’s continued eruptions destroyed approximately 600 homes, as well as roads, farms, and ranches, on the Island of Hawaii. That May, while fires still raged in neighborhoods, tourist spending increased by 3.3. percent to $173.9 million. Hospitality companies had to balance meeting traveler’s needs with sensitivity towards affected residents.  

Ross Birch, executive director of the Island of Hawaii Visitors Bureau, encourages tourists who are curious about volcanoes to stick to the national park. “It’s a great place to learn about the volcanoes,” Birch says. “Anything outside of that, you might cross into private property and potentially end up in someone’s backyard.”  

As Mount Kīlauea continues to erupt, the Island of Hawaii’s Mauna Loa—the world’s largest active volcano—is slowly waking up. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) seismometers recorded approximately 223 small-magnitude earthquakes in a span of one week in March of 2021. “ The GPS sensors tell us that the ground is changing shape due to the ingress of magma into the storage edifice below the surface ,”   says   HVO geologist Frank Trusdell.   “An eruption is not imminent, but residents should start planning.”

Trusdell recalls that within 24 hours of the last Mauna Loa eruption in 1984, plane tickets to the Island of Hawaii were sold out. “Everybody wanted to come to see the eruption,” he says.  

Scientists like Trusdell understand why people are drawn to volcanoes, and they believe this helps raise aware and interest in volcanology. “Every time you go somewhere that you see a geological process—even if it’s fairly tame volcanos like Yellowstone geysers—it awakens your curiosity,” says Lopes. “It gives you a much greater respect for our planet.”

Rachel Ng is an award-winning Los Angeles-based travel and culture writer who dreamed of being a volcanologist as a kid. Follow her on Instagram . Chris Burkard is a photographer and explorer based in California. Follow his work on Instagram .

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Iceland’s Blue Lagoon spa closes temporarily as earthquakes put area on alert for volcanic eruption

FILE-Bathers enjoy the warm water of the Blue Lagoon on Iceland on Sept.5, 2003. The geothermal spa Blue Lagoon has temporarily closed after a series of earthquakes have put Iceland’s southwestern corner on volcanic alert, reaching a state of panic on Thursday when a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred just after midnight. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein, File)

File- A tourist tries a silica face mask in the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, Iceland, Feb. 21, 2006. The geothermal spa Blue Lagoon has temporarily closed after a series of earthquakes have put Iceland’s southwestern corner on volcanic alert, reaching a state of panic on Thursday when a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred just after midnight. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth, File)

FILE- In this Feb. 21, 2006 file photo Tourists relax in the Blue Lagoon geothermal spa, Iceland on Feb. 21,2006. The geothermal spa Blue Lagoon has temporarily closed after a series of earthquakes have put Iceland’s southwestern corner on volcanic alert, reaching a state of panic on Thursday when a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurred just after midnight. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth, File)

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HUSAVIK, Iceland (AP) — The Blue Lagoon geothermal spa — one of Iceland’s biggest tourist attractions — closed temporarily as a swarm of earthquakes put the island nation’s most populated region on alert for a possible volcanic eruption.

Guests rushed to leave the spa’s hotels in the early hours of Thursday, after they were rattled awake shortly before 1 a.m. by a magnitude 4.8 quake, the strongest to hit the region since the recent wave of seismic activity began on Oct. 25.

Bjarni Stefansson, a local taxi driver, described a scene of confusion when he arrived at the Retreat Hotel, where lava rocks had fallen on the roadway and the parking lot was jammed with 20 to 30 cabs.

“There was a panic situation,” Stefansson told The Associated Press. “People thought a volcanic eruption was about to happen.”

The area around Mount Thorbjorn on the Reykjanes Peninsula has been shaken by hundreds of small earthquakes every day for more than two weeks due to a buildup of volcanic magma some 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) underground. Land in the region has risen by 9 centimeters since Oct. 27, according to the Icelandic Met Office, without showing imminent signs of eruption.

Scientists are closely monitoring the situation for any indication that the seismic activity is getting closer to the surface, which could be an indication that the magma is breaking through the earth’s crust, the Met Office said.

“Presently, there are no signs that earthquake activity is becoming shallower,” the agency said on its website. “However, the situation could change quickly, and it is not possible to exclude a scenario involving a lava-producing eruption in the area northwest of Thorbjorn.”

Iceland, which sits above a volcanic hotspot in the North Atlantic , averages an eruption every four to five years. The most disruptive in recent times was the 2010 eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano, which spewed huge clouds of ash into the atmosphere and led to widespread airspace closures over Europe.

The Reykjanes Peninsula on Iceland’s southwestern coast is includes a volcanic system that has erupted three times since 2021, after being dormant for 800 years.

Previous eruptions occurred in remote valleys, without causing damage. While scientists say that is the likely outcome of the current activity, the magma storage chamber currently building up again could erupt less than 3 kilometers (1.8 miles) from the Blue Lagoon.

In the worst-case scenario, lava would threaten the town of Grindavík and the Blue Lagoon, along with the pipelines channeling hot water to thousands of homes that are heated with geothermal energy.

“We need to be prepared for the worst,” volcanologist Thorvaldur Thordarson said. “Magnitude 5 earthquakes, such as the one last night, are known to precede eruptions.”

The Blue Lagoon, where tourists bask in pools of seawater naturally heated deep underground, said it decided to close temporarily due to the night’s “disruption of the guests’ experience” and the prolonged stress on employees.

The resort will remain closed until Nov. 16, the company said in a statement. It had been criticized for not acting sooner.

Spokeswoman Helga Arnadottir told the AP that close to 30 guests left the resort following the earthquake, but most belonged to one group traveling together.

The Met Office reported that the peninsula was shaken by about 1,400 quakes in the 24 hours through midday Thursday.

At Grindavík, a fishing town of 3,400 people, residents have experienced a series of seismic episodes since the Reykjanes Peninsula began to rumble three years ago. But last night’s quakes were stronger.

Retired beautician Hildur Gunnarsdóttir, 68, said she spent the night cruising around in her Volkswagen Passat to “get a break from feeling the earthquakes.”

Gunnarsdottir tracks seismic activity on a phone app called My Earthquake Alerts.

“I turned off notifications days ago,” she said. “The phone was vibrating constantly.”

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David Pecker returns to witness stand in Trump's hush money trial

Iceland volcano - latest: stunning footage shows 100m high lava waves as man rescued by helicopter.

Stunning footage has shown 100m high lava waves lap up out of an Icelandic ridge following the eruption of a volcano on the island.

The dramatic scene can be seen up to 20km away after the skies over the eruption turned orange . You can watch a live stream of the ongoing eruption here .

It comes as a hiker was rescued by a helicopter after sending a SOS signal when he got lost near the raging lava and toxic fumes overnight.

Meanwhile, Iceland ’s foreign minister said scientists had warned that the volcanic eruption in Iceland could go on for months.

Bjarni Benediktsson added that the eruption on Monday was “much larger” than those seen in recent years, which he described as “nice touristic eruptions”.

More vents are expected to open as the volcanic eruption in southwest Iceland continues, the Icelandic Met Office has warned.

Three out of five vents are still active after the volcano on the Reykjanes peninsula began to erupt on Monday night, spewing lava and smoke over 100m into the air.

Volcanic eruption releasing toxic gases

Iceland volcano finally erupts after weeks of anticipation

All routes to Grindavik shut for commuters

No disruption yet to flights in Iceland, says foreign minister

Grindavik residents allowed home temporarily today

06:00 , Athena Stavrou

The residents of Grindavík will be allowed back into the town during the day starting today. People will begin to be allowed into the town at 7am on Thursday, but they must evacuated again by 4pm.

The town was first evacuated when earthquakes began in November, and residents have been left in limbo ever since.

Úlfar Lúðvíksson, police chief in the region, said: “Many things have changed in the eruption area. Watching the eruption today is completely different than on Monday night. There have been changes there, hopefully positive.”

People entering Grindavík will not be registered and will not be escorted, but emergency personnel will be in town. Cars going in and out of town will be checked.

ICYM:Man rescued by helicopter after getting lost near eruption site

05:30 , Athena Stavrou

On Monday night, a hiker had to be rescued after getting lost near the eruption site last night.

News website Iceland Monitor cited coast guard officer Asgeir Erlendsson as saying the man was found safe after a search and brought to safety in a helicopter.

Initial reports suggested two people had given an “SOS signal” towards a passing plane from near the eruption site - but it was later confirmed to be one hiker, he said.

“The helicopter found him and took him back to town,” Mr Erlendsson told the website.

“He had become very cold and had left his equipment with a flashlight in another place, which is why it was thought that these were two men.”

In pictures: volcanic eruption in Iceland

04:30 , Athena Stavrou

Officials advises people to ‘stay at home and get in the Christmas spirit’ amid volcanic eruption

03:30 , Athena Stavrou

An Icelandic official has told the national broadcaster RUV that they believe its better for people to “stay at home and get into [the] Christmas spirit” than visit the erupting volcano.

While volcanic activity has died down, the eruption still poses a dangerous threat to tourists who have flocked to the site to catch a glimpse of the sputtering lava.

Hjordis Gudmundsdottir, communications director for Iceland’s civil defence department, said that teams have already spent “a lot of time” turning away people trying to reach the site.

She added that it would be better to do some Christmas shopping, “get into the Christmas spirit or maybe just have a hot cocoa at home and wrap Christmas presents.”

What is the Blue Lagoon?

02:30 , Athena Stavrou

The Blue Lagoon was forced to close its doors just one day after they reopened after a volcano erupted nearby

The spa is a steamy bathing complex of volcanic lava pools that calls itself “one of the 25 wonders of the world.

The pools are filled with water from a nearby geothermal power station. The turquoise hue of the water is acquired from the algae that share the pools with the tourists.

The Blue Lagoon is an increasingly popular “wellness” destination, with an upmarket hotel on the site.

Day visitors are welcome, too: for around £50 you get admission to the Blue Lagoon, a silica mud mask and a drink.The Blue Lagoon is best visited in the depths of winter, when steam rises from the warm water.

Keflavik International Airport is only 10 miles away, with regular buses. During a stopover en route between Europe and North America it is easy to make a side trip to the Blue Lagoon.

Iceland has many more thermal springs around the country – including in Reykjavik – and prices are generally much lower.

Official travel advice

01:30 , Athena Stavrou

Here is the UK’s Foreign Office’s official advice for those wanting to travel to Iceland:

A volcanic eruption started on the Reykjanes peninsula in south-west Iceland on the 18 December. The location is Sundahnúkagígar, 3km north of the town of Grindavík. All roads to Grindavík are closed and you should stay away from the area. Keflavik International Airport is operating as normal, but you are advised to check for latest updates. The capital city Reykjavik, and the rest of Iceland has not been impacted by this eruption. You should monitor local media for updates and follow the authorities´ advice on travel to the area.

UK Foreign Office

Eruptions are tourism opportunities, says Iceland travel expert

00:30 , Athena Stavrou

Since a volcano erupted in southwest Iceland on Monday night, tourists have flocked to the site of eruption to catch a glimpse.

While officials have warned against making the journey, volcanic eruptions in Iceland are generally regarded as harmless – and interesting, if temporary, tourist attractions.

Clive Stacey, founder of specialist operator Discover the World, has been sending British tourists to Iceland for decades.

His company operates a “volcano hotline”. He told The Independent : “If there are eruptions in Iceland, and they’re safe, and worth going to see, then we organise special trips. Often they only last for a very short time, so we take people over as soon as the eruption happens.

“It really isn’t dangerous. They take all the correct precautions. They look after tourists very, very well.”

Map shows exactly how far lava has travelled

Wednesday 20 December 2023 23:30 , Athena Stavrou

A map released by the Icelandic Met Office has shown how far the lava has travelled following a volcanic eruption in the Reykjanes Peninsula on Monday night.

The lava has mostly flowed east from the eruption site, but there is also a lava tongue flowing west from the region north of Stóra-Skógfell.

Hazard map updated as risk of new vents opening near Grindavik lessens

Wednesday 20 December 2023 22:30 , Athena Stavrou

The Icelandic Met Office has updated their hazard assessment map to reflect that the likelihood of new volcanic vents opening near the evacuated town of Grindavik has reduced.

The new hazard map will come into effect tomorrow and be valid until December 28 unless updated otherwise.

“The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) assesses that the likelihood of a new eruption forming without warning nearby Grindavík has decreased,” they said, citing that the eruption had remained steady on Wednesday.

They added: “It should be noted that although the likelihood of vent formation within area 4 has decreased, the hazard level in that area is nevertheless considered substantial.

“Even though the activity has decreased since the eruption began, the intensity of the eruption is still significant and comparable to eruptions at Fagradalsfjall.”

Eruption remains steady today

Wednesday 20 December 2023 21:30 , Athena Stavrou

The Icelandic Met Office said that the volcanic eruption has remained steady today after it began on Monday evening in southwest Iceland.

“In the last 24 hours, the highest activity in the eruption has remained around the middle of the fissure that opened on 18 December,” they said in their latest update.

“Seismic activity has been relatively steady, and there have been little changes in deformation since the eruption began.”

Grindavik residents to be allowed home temporarily

Wednesday 20 December 2023 20:30 , Athena Stavrou

The residents of Grindavík will be allowed back into the town during the day starting tomorrow. People will begin to be allowed into the town at 7am on Thursday, but they must evacuated again by 4pm.

Watch moment Iceland volcano erupts after weeks of warnings

Wednesday 20 December 2023 19:30 , Alexander Butler

This is the moment a volcano in Iceland finally erupts, sending plumes of lava into the night sky.

The Grindavik volcano in southwest Iceland erupted on Monday evening (18 December) after weeks of uncertainty.

“Eruption has started north of Grindavík, north of Sundhnukur,” the Icelandic Met Office said, adding that the eruption began just a few kilometres north of the fishing town which was earlier evacuated following scores of earthquakes.

Watch: Tourist watches on as lava shoots from Iceland volcano

Wednesday 20 December 2023 18:30 , Alexander Butler

A tourist watched on metres away from a volcanic eruption on Iceland‘s Reykjanes Peninsula on Monday, 18 December.

“I’m very excited to be here in this place, in this time, just being able to see this natural phenomenon... It’s just something from a movie,” said Robert Donald Forrester III.

The eruption began a few kilometres from Grindavík, whose nearly 4,000 inhabitants were evacuated last month.

Tourist watches on as lava shoots from Iceland volcano: ‘Something from a movie’

Is it safe to travel to Iceland after volcanic eruption?

Wednesday 20 December 2023 17:25 , Simon Calder

The earth is at its most restless in Iceland right now. A volcano is erupting on the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest of Reykjavik.

For six weeks the Icelandic authorities have been monitoring seismic activity close to Keflavik airport, a major North Atlantic aviation hub.

The eruption is around 10 miles southwest of the airport and northeast of the town of Grindavik – whose 4,000 inhabitants were evacuated as a precaution.

'The most likely scenario is that it just stops'

Wednesday 20 December 2023 16:21 , Alexander Butler

A professor of earth sciences said the most likely scenario is that the eruption will “just stop.”

“It is difficult to see exactly what is going on, but when you get some glimpses through the snow it is obvious that it is just less and less lava flow,” Halldor Geirsson, associate professor at the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland, said.

The “most likely scenario is that it just stops”, he said. “But if that happens, the pressure will start building again in the magma chamber, which is likely to trigger another eruption after a few weeks,” he added.

Watch: Iceland volcano magma shoots from vents amid apocalyptic scenes

Wednesday 20 December 2023 15:07 , Alexander Butler

Better to 'stay at home and get into Christmas spirit' than head to volcano

Wednesday 20 December 2023 14:50 , Alexander Butler

Icelanders should stay at home and “get into the Christmas spirit” rather than attempt the risky journey to the eruption area, a public safety official said.

Hjordis Gudmundsdottir, communications director for Iceland’s civil defence department, told Icelandic broadcaster RUV that teams have already spent “a lot of time” turning away people trying to reach the site.

It comes after a hiker was rescued by a helicopter after getting lost near the eruption zone.

Man rescued by helicopter after getting lost near eruption site

Wednesday 20 December 2023 13:00 , Alexander Butler

Icelandic media is reporting that a hiker had to be rescued after getting lost near the eruption site last night.

Will the volcano in Iceland affect flights?

Wednesday 20 December 2023 11:00 , Alexander Butler

Flights in and out of Iceland’s main airport have been affected by a much-anticipated volcanic eruption, The Independent’s travel correspondent Simon Calder reports.

Iceland volcano thrill-seekers ignore danger warnings to witness dramatic Reykjanes eruption

Wednesday 20 December 2023 10:39 , Alexander Butler

Thrill-seekers have thrown caution to the wind to get the chance to witness a volcanic eruption in Iceland first hand.

Icelanders flocked to the Sundhnjúkar crater on Monday evening after a 4km fissure opened up and sent plumes of toxic gas and lava along the ridge of a hill.

The eruption, near the town of Grindavík, comes after weeks of earthquakes and uncertainty as to whether the volcano would erupt or not.

Iceland volcano thrill-seekers ignore danger warnings to witness dramatic eruption

Volcanologist says eruption 'could die out by weekend'

Wednesday 20 December 2023 10:20 , Alexander Butler

Icelandic broadcaster RUV has cited volcanologist Thorvaldur Thordarson as saying the eruption could die out before the weekend.

“He also sees little to no chance of an eruption in Grindavik or the surrounding area,” the broadcaster said on its English language service.

But it’s not “all over”, he is reported as saying, with more eruptions likely in the area “in the coming years”.

Mapped: Latest location of Iceland volcano eruption and lava flows shown in new images

Wednesday 20 December 2023 09:43 , Alexander Butler

A volcano in southwest Iceland has finally erupted, spewing rivers of lava from at least a four-km-long fissure, weeks after scores of earthquakes jolted the Reykjanes peninsula.

The eruption late on Monday spewed lava and smoke more than 100 metres into the air after weeks of intense seismic activity that prompted the evacuation of the entire fishing town of Grindavik.

The Icelandic Met Office (IMO) on Tuesday said the crack was still three kilometres away from the Grindavik and that the power of the volcano was decreasing.

Mapped: Latest location of Iceland volcano eruption and lava flows

Eruption could go on for months

Wednesday 20 December 2023 09:15 , Alexander Butler

The eruption could go on for months, Icelandic foreign minister Bjarni Benediktsson warned.

He said the eruption on Monday was “much larger” than those seen in recent years, which he described as “nice touristic eruptions”.

“What to expect for the future?... What they are telling us is that this could continue for weeks or even potentially months,” Mr Benediktsson said.

Christmas at home is cancelled for evacuated Grindavik residents after Iceland volcano eruption

Wednesday 20 December 2023 08:50 , Alexander Butler

Hopes that evacuated residents of the Icelandic town of Grindavik could return in time for Christmas have been dashed after a nearby volcano finally erupted, Barney Davis reports.

Locals were said to be suffering from anxiety and stress after the volcanic eruption a few miles from their homes, a town whose nearly 4,000 inhabitants were ordered to leave last month due to the risk.

Defiant residents told The Independent they had planned to be back in the “family-friendly” port by Christmas, vowing to rebuild after a 5.2-magnitude earthquake created a fissure through the town on 10 November.

Christmas at home is cancelled for evacuated Iceland residents after volcano eruption

Watch: Helicopter flies over erupting Iceland volcano as lava flows from fissures

Wednesday 20 December 2023 08:32 , Alexander Butler

An Icelandic Coast Guard helicopter flew over the erupting Fagradalsfjall volcano as lava flowed from fissures, footage posted on Tuesday (19 December) shows.

The eruption began on Monday a few kilometres from Grindavik, whose nearly 4,000 inhabitants were evacuated last month.

A crew flew over the Sundhnúka crater range on Monday with scientists from the Civil Defense, the Meteorological Office, and the University of Iceland to assess the extent of the eruption, the coast guard said.

Eruption seen 20km away

Wednesday 20 December 2023 07:45 , Matt Mathers

The volcanic eruption in Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula could be seen up to 20km away.

One resident, who lives in Sandgeroi - about 20km from Grindavik - said she had seen the eruption from her house.

"It was crazy to see it with my own eyes,” Aoalheiour Halldorsdottir told the BBC.

“We have had volcano explosions before, but this was the first time I got really scared," she told BBC News.

"We’re used to volcanoes [erupting], but this was crazy."

Is it safe to travel to Iceland after volcanic eruption? Your rights if you have a holiday booked

Wednesday 20 December 2023 07:19 , Matt Mathers

The earth is at its most restless in Iceland right now. A volcano is erupting on the Reykjanes Peninsula, southwest of Reykjavik .

Simon Calder reports:

Officials to hold information session today

Wednesday 20 December 2023 07:00 , Athena Stavrou

Icelandic officials are due to hold an information conference today in light of Monday night’s volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula.

The meeting will be held at the Rescue Center in Skógarhlíð.

Grindvík housing issues and the Icelandic Met Office’s risk assessment are among the topics that are expected to be discussed.

Wednesday 20 December 2023 06:30 , Alisha Rahaman Sarkar

The eruption is around 10 miles southwest of the airport and northeast of the town of Grindavik – whose 4,000 inhabitants were evacuated as a precaution. Yet flights are continuing to arrive and depart as normal. These are the key questions and answers on consumer rights.

I am in Iceland. Will I be able to leave?

Yes, assuming the international airport remains open. So far operations have been largely normal, after a pause to assess the risk as the eruption began.

Simon Calder has more.

Thrill-seekers ignore danger warnings to witness dramatic scenes

Wednesday 20 December 2023 06:00 , Athena Stavrou

As Icelanders gathered around the site, the country’s government warned considerable toxic gases were being released from the volcano and urged people to stay away from the ridge.

But tourists and residents watched the eruption in awe. “It’s just something from a movie,” said Robert Donald Forrester III, a tourist from the United States.

Read the full article below:

Land in Svartsengi subsides by over 5cm

Wednesday 20 December 2023 05:45 , Alisha Rahaman Sarkar

The land around the Svartsengi geothermal plant has subsided more than 5cm following the volcanic eruption, the Icelandic Met Office said on Tuesday.

The land had previously risen by about 35 cm since the formation of the magma channel on 10 November, according to the authorities, who added that it was too early to determine if magma would continue to accumulate under Svartsengi and whether the land would rise again.

Icelandic authorities over the past month had been building defence walls around the power plant to protect it from lava flows.

Will the volcano eruption in Iceland affect flights?

Wednesday 20 December 2023 05:09 , Alisha Rahaman Sarkar

Flights were unlikely to be affected by the volcano eruption in Reykjanes peninsula, the Icelandic government said, quashing international travel concerns.

“The eruption does not present a threat to life,” a government statement said.

“There are no disruptions to flights to and from Iceland and international flight corridors remain open.”

Despite the proximity to the volcano, the Keflavik Airport remained open to passengers travelling in and out of the country.

Sam Mitchell, a volcanologist at the University of Bristol, said the latest eruption was very different to the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption when “a large explosive eruption under a glacier produced a very large cloud and very fine ash in the atmosphere when the wind direction was pointing towards mainland Europe”.

In Pictures: Iceland’s volcanic eruption

Wednesday 20 December 2023 05:00 , Athena Stavrou

Map shows nearly four-km-long fissure line near Svartsengi power plant

Wednesday 20 December 2023 04:45 , Alisha Rahaman Sarkar

The above map shows the nearly four-km-long fissure east of the Svartsengi geothermal plant and north of the fishing town of Grindavik, which was evacuated last month following scores of earthquakes.

The above satellite map provided by the Icelandic Met Office shows the new eruptive fissure (yellow line) and lava flow (colored area) east of the Svartsengi geothermal plant.

Gas pollution warning for Icelandic capital

Wednesday 20 December 2023 04:25 , Alisha Rahaman Sarkar

Iceland’s capital is at risk of gas pollution due to the volcano eruption near the fishing town of Grindavik following weeks of intense earthquakes.

Fumes could reach Reykjavik by Wednesday morning, the Icelandic Met Office has warned.

In an update on Tuesday, the authorities said the eruption was weakening with just three vents erupting southeast of Stóra-Skógfell, down from the previous five.

“The lava has mostly flowed east from the eruption site, but there is also a lava tongue flowing west from the region north of Stóra-Skógfell.”

At least 320 earthquakes have been measured over the magma channels since the beginning of the eruption on Monday night, the Met Office added.

Eruption could go on ‘for months’

Wednesday 20 December 2023 04:00 , Athena Stavrou

An expert has warned that the volcanic eruption on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula could go on “for months”.

After weeks of anticipation, the eruption began at just after 10pm on Monday night following a swarm of seismic activity.

“It could potentially go on for several months, it could also just stop later today or tomorrow,” said Halldor Geirson, an associate professor at Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland.

He added that most of the lava flow had slowed and was heading away from the evacuated town of Grindavik. But that could still change.

“There is still a threat to Grindavik, for sure. Now the lava is flowing mostly to the north, but it depends on the topography and where the openings are,” he said.

Grindavik locals ‘deflated’ by eruption

Wednesday 20 December 2023 03:00 , Athena Stavrou

Residents of Grindavik had hoped to return to their family-friendly port town in time for Christmas before the volcanic eruption last night blew their plans out of the water.

Andrea Ævarsdóttir told The Independent she has been living in Reykjavik like most of the people from Grindavik.

She said: “Nobody has been living in town since November 10. I was really on the fence about returning, but now I’m almost 100% sure I won’t return.

“I’ve spoken to the people I work with and some of my friends in Grindavík. We’re all just like a popped balloon we’re totally out of steam.”

She added: “It’s really hard. I was just talking to the local priest and she said her whole body hurts from the stress and anxiety.”

Wednesday 20 December 2023 02:00 , Athena Stavrou

Yet flights are continuing to arrive and depart as normal. These are the key questions on consumer rights, answered by The Independent’s Travel Correspondent, Simon Calder:

Wednesday 20 December 2023 01:00 , Athena Stavrou

A tourist watched on, metres away from a volcanic eruption on Iceland‘s Reykjanes Peninsula on Monday.

Responders leave Grindavik

Wednesday 20 December 2023 00:01 , Athena Stavrou

Emergency responders stationed in the evacuated town of Grindavik have been ordered to leave the town.

Icelandic broadcaster RUV reported that the decision was confirmed by police chief Úlfar Lúðvíksson and was based on an Icelandic Met Office risk assessment map.

They added that the situation will be reviewed tomorrow.

320 earthquakes recorded since eruption began

Tuesday 19 December 2023 23:00 , Athena Stavrou

A volcano erupted in southwest Iceland last night following a “swarm of seismic activity”.

The earthquakes did not stop then however, as 320 further earthquakes have been recorded since the eruption at 10:17pm.

The Icelandic Met Office said: “Since the eruption began, about 320 earthquakes have been measured over the magma channels.

“The largest earthquake, with a magnitude of 4.1, occurred at 23:25 on Monday.

“After midnight, seismic activity significantly decreased, and since 12:00 today, only 10 earthquakes have been recorded in the region. “

More vents likely to open as eruption continues

Tuesday 19 December 2023 22:00 , Athena Stavrou

The Icelandic Met Office has warned that more vents are likely to open along the original volcanic fissure.

As of Tuesday evening, three vents are currently active as the volcano on the Reykjanes peninsula continues to erupt.

The original fissure was around 3.5km long and spewed lava and smoke 100m into the air.

An Icelandic Met Office spokesperson said: “While the eruption continues at Sundhnúksgíga, there is an increased likelihood that more vents may open along the original fissure as well as further north or south.

“Looking back at the lead-up to the eruption reveals that there were approximately 90 minutes between the first indicators and the start of the eruption.

“Therefore, the warning time for new vent openings at Sundhnúk could be very short.”

Risk of new fissures opening

Tuesday 19 December 2023 20:59 , Athena Stavrou

An Icelandic Met Office official has said there may be a risk of new cracks even though the eruption has subsided.

Reviewing a hazard assessment map issued by the Met Office earlier today, Kristín Jónsdóttir told local news that she believes the biggest risk is now new fissures opening

The head of natural hazards at the Icelandic Meteorological Office also believes that Grindavik could be in danger, but it probably won’t be covered by lava in the very next few days, RUV reported.

Scientists work at eruption site

Tuesday 19 December 2023 20:30 , Athena Stavrou

Scientists have been pictured working at the site of a volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula today.

The lava flow has decreased since it began on Monday night but people have been warned to stay away from the site of activity.

Volcano closes Blue Lagoon day after reopening

Tuesday 19 December 2023 20:00 , Athena Stavrou

Tourist hotspot the Blue Lagoon has closed again the day after finally reopening due to the eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula.

A Blue Lagoon spokesperson said: “A volcanic eruption commenced in Sundhnúkagígar on the evening of December 18. As a result, we have temporarily closed our facilities in Svartsengi. All guests with confirmed bookings in the upcoming days will be contacted.

“We will continue to monitor the progress and maintain close communication with the authorities, prioritizing safety and well-being. Sundhnúkagígar is a known volcanic area east of Blue Lagoon and north of Grindavík.”

Lava fountains were 500m tall at height of eruption

Tuesday 19 December 2023 19:30 , Athena Stavrou

Nicola Maxey, a spokesperson for the UK Met Office, has said: “An effusive eruption started a few km NE of Grindavík nearby Hagafell just after 10pm last night.

“This eruption is an effusive eruption, i.e. mainly lava and gas, and that there is no volcanic ash.

“At this time there is no impact on aviation. Vigorous lava fountains are clearly visible from cameras and radar images, while they reach around 500m in height they do not contain any ash.”

Since then the Icelandic Met Office has said the intensity of the volcanic eruption is slowly decreasing.

They added: “The fact that the activity is decreasing already is not an indication of how long the eruption will last, but rather that the eruption is reaching a state of equilibrium.

Brit captures stunning picture of eruption under northern lights

Tuesday 19 December 2023 19:01 , Athena Stavrou

Greg Lukosek, 37, a software developer from Bedford, captured a stunning image of the shimmering Northern Lights merging with the bright orange fires of the volcanic eruption.

He said : “I’m travelling with my family, my wife and kids who are four and 11 – but I’m not too worried.I’ve seen previous eruptions although this one is much more intense and happening faster.

“Me and my family fell in love with Iceland in January. It’s our fifth trip here. We have seen a previous eruption at Litli-Hrutur and got very, very close as we hiked and spent the night right next to the lava fields.”

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Greg Lukosek (@explore.travel.worlds)

Watch the ongoing eruption live

Tuesday 19 December 2023 18:36 , Athena Stavrou

A volcano in southwest Iceland finally erupted after weeks of uncertainty last night, sending plumes of lava high into the night sky.

The eruption prompted officials to warn anyone in the area to leave immediately, and to activate emergency civil protection response protocols.

While the eruption is slowing, it is still ongoing. You can watch live below:

Lava flow ‘one quarter’ of original eruption

Tuesday 19 December 2023 18:16 , Athena Stavrou

The Icelandic Met Office has said that the current lava flow from the volcanic eruption in the Reykjanes peninsula is around one-quarter of what it was at the beginning.

The eruption started at 10:17pm last night and saw lava and smoke thrown 100m into the air from the 3.5km fissure.

Now, a third of the original fissure is thought to still be active.

“The size of the volcanic eruption at Sundhnúksgígar continues to diminish,” the Icelenadic Met Office said.

“The lava flow is estimated to be about one-quarter of what it was at the beginning of the eruption on 18 December, and a third of the original fissure is active. The lava fountains are also lower than at the start of the eruption, reaching about 30 meters at their highest.”

Tuesday 19 December 2023 17:43 , Athena Stavrou

The volcanic eruption on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula is releasing “considerable” toxic gases, according to the Icelandic Tourist Board.

“Please be advised that this eruption is releasing considerable toxic gases and people are strongly advised against visiting the site of the eruption while responders and scientists assess the situation,” they told CNN.

It comes as the Icelandic Met Office has warned that Reykjavik could be hit by gas pollution later today.

“According to the weather forecast, gas pollution could be noticed in the capital area late tonight or in the morning,” it said in a statement.

Christmas cancelled for evacuated Grindavik residents

Tuesday 19 December 2023 16:46 , Athena Stavrou

Hopes that evacuated residents of the Icelandic town Grindavik could return in time for Christmas have been dashed after a nearby volcano finally erupted.

Locals were said to be suffering from anxiety and stress after the volcanic eruption a few kilometres from their homes, a town whose nearly 4,000 inhabitants were ordered to leave last month due to the risk.

Defiant residents told The Independent they had planned to be back in the “family-friendly” port by Christmas vowing to rebuild after a 5.2 magnitude earthquake split the town on November 10.

The Mayor of Grindavik has confirmed there were no locals in the port town at the time of the eruption but dashed any hopes they could return before Monday.

Read the full article by my colleague Barney Davis below:

No chance of Christmas in Grindavik says Mayor

Tuesday 19 December 2023 16:22 , Athena Stavrou

The Mayor of Grindavik has addressed the residents after a volcano erupted 3km north of the evacuated town.

“The last 24 hours have been eventful for us,” Mayor Fannar Jónasson said,

“Unfortunately, the hope that had ignited in the hearts of many about the possibility of celebrating Christmas at home in Grindavík was extinguished when the eruption began yesterday.”

He added that residents in need of emotional support may contact their service centre in Tollhúsinu.

Is it safe to travel to Iceland?

Tuesday 19 December 2023 16:01 , Athena Stavrou

After a volcano erupted in southwest Iceland yesterday following weeks of earthquakes, many are wondering if it is still safe to travel.

The answer in short is yes - mostly.

So far operations at Keflavik International Airport have been largely normal, after a pause to assess the risk as the eruption began.

An easyJet departure to Manchester due out early evening on Monday eventually took off at 1.35am on Tuesday, over five hours late, and arrived safely at Manchester airport at 4am.

On Tuesday most flights are running normally.

The Foreign office says that all roads to the evacuated town of Grindavík are closed and that toursists should stay away from the area.

However, they added that the capital city Reykjavik and the rest of Iceland has not been impacted by this eruption.

Watch: The moment the volcano erupted

Tuesday 19 December 2023 15:33 , Athena Stavrou

The volcano on the Reykjanes peninsula erupted at 10:17pm on Monday night, following weeks of anticipation and seismic activity.

Watch the moment it erupted - spewing lava and smoke 100m into the air - below:

Blue Lagoon temporarily closed

Tuesday 19 December 2023 15:04 , Athena Stavrou

The Blue Lagoon thermal spa said it will remain closed until December 28 at least following the volcanic eruption nearby the famous resort.

In a statement on Tuesday, the tourist attraction said: “A volcanic eruption commenced in Sundhnúkagígar on the evening of December 18.

“As a result, we have temporarily closed our facilities in Svartsengi. The closure will be in effect through December 27, at which point the situation will be reassessed.

“All guests with confirmed bookings in the upcoming days will be contacted.”

They added that they will continue to monitor the progress of the eruption.

Our facilities have been temporarily closed due to a volcanic eruption in Sundhnúkagígar that started this evening. Sundhnúkagígar is a known volcanic area east of Blue Lagoon and north of Grindavík. All guests with confirmed bookings in the upcoming days will be contacted. pic.twitter.com/sMLYyI0o4l — Blue Lagoon Iceland (@BlueLagoonIS) December 19, 2023

Capital to be hit with gas pollution following eruption

Tuesday 19 December 2023 14:30 , Athena Stavrou

After a volcano erupted on the Reykjanes peninsula, the Icelandic Met Office has warned that Reykjavik could be hit by gas pollution later today.

Eruption could go on ‘for months'

Tuesday 19 December 2023 13:59 , Athena Stavrou

Latest UK Foreign Office travel advice

Tuesday 19 December 2023 13:29 , Athena Stavrou

After weeks of anticipation, a volcanic eruption began on the Reykjanes peninsula in Iceland last night.

In the wake of seismic activity, the town of Grindavik near the site of the eruption had to be evacuated and the famous tourist destination the Blue Lagoon spa was closed.

Here is the UK Foreign Office’s latest travel advice for Iceland:

The eruption is now isolated in ‘middle of 4km fissure’

Tuesday 19 December 2023 13:25 , Barney Davis

The power of the volcanic eruption is dying down, local researchers say with the lava currently flowing north away from the town of Grindavik.

A Volcanoes and Natural Hazards Group of Suðurland wrote in a Facebook post: “The southern end of the lava is just 3 km from the northernmost settlement in Grindavík.

“The eruption is now isolated around the middle of the fissure that originally erupted last night.

“The southernmost part of the lava lies outside Sundhnúki itself and has covered a small crater between the craters and Vatnheiða.”

They added: “The power of the first hours was many times greater than in the eruptions of the last three years in Reykjaneskagi.

“Production in the eruption roughly estimated to be in the range 100-200 m3/s and could well have been more.

“The eruption increased rapidly for the first 3 hours after the eruption began and there was a significant earthquake in the area while the ground was breaking.”

Inside Grindavik the town under threat from volcanos and earthquakes

Tuesday 19 December 2023 13:00 , Barney Davis

The residents had just minutes to leave the little harbour town on Iceland’s west coast, but hoped to be back for Christmas.

The question now is will they ever see their homes again.

Inside the abandoned Iceland town left in limbo by a volcano

50 workers racing to strengthen lava defences with a two metre weakpoint still exposed

Tuesday 19 December 2023 12:23 , Barney Davis

Arnar Smári Þorvarðarson, a civil engineer at Verkís, says the eruption has created new conditions digging lava trenches and strengthening fortifications on the Reykjanes Peninsula.

Around 50 workers have been creating the defences and ar enow racing to make sure it is at the full height all the way across to protect the nearby fishing village of Grindavik and a power plant.

Þorvarðarson said: “The state of the fortification is such that we have built it up to its full height for the most part.

“There is maybe a section of eight hundred meters where two meters are missing.

“Then there is a gap at the Bláa Lónið, where we also need full height.”

No-one in Grindavik at time of eruption - mayor

Tuesday 19 December 2023 12:01 , Barney Davis

The Mayor of Grindavik, the town closest to the volcanic eruption in Iceland, has confirmed there were no locals in the port town at the time of the eruption.

Fannar Jónasson added it was a relief no magma has so far erupted in town but it was clear that there will be no Christmas in Grindavik this year.

He said: “It would be very serious if lava flows started to flow towards Grindavík. There is actually a possibility of reacting and at least delaying that progress with powerful machines that are in the area.

“It is already being considered, but as things stand, we are not the most worried about this, but it is close enough that it will not be possible to celebrate Christmas in Grindavík.”

He says it is a relief that the eruption did not occur in a worse place.

“The record location is perhaps the best on this crack. Considering how the situation was during a period when a magma tunnel was under the town, you can say that this is a relief.”

Tuesday 19 December 2023 11:45 , Barney Davis

Tuesday 19 December 2023 11:30 , Barney Davis

Tourists have been heading towards a volcanic eruption on Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula on Monday, 18 December.

The eruption began a few kilometres from Grindavík, whose nearly 4,000 inhabitants were evacuated last month. Authorities also closed the nearby Blue Lagoon geothermal spa.

Reykjavik’s nearby Keflavik International Airport remained open, albeit with numerous delays at both arrivals and departures.

Tuesday 19 December 2023 11:20 , Barney Davis

Live stream of volcano north of Grindavik

Tuesday 19 December 2023 11:01 , Barney Davis

Flight Radar claim ‘just 13 flights cancelled' due to erupting volcano

Tuesday 19 December 2023 10:50 , Barney Davis

Flight Radar have said that flights have largely been departing on time despite the enormous volcanic eruption just miles away from Keflavik Airport.

They posted on X: “Our data reveals minimal impact on operations at Keflavik Airport (KEF) following the volcanic eruption at Grindavik, likely due to no ash cloud.

“Just 13 flights have been cancelled in the past 24 hours, representing 5% of departures and 4% of arrivals.”

Flights were earlier delayed for just an hour as the coast guard assessed the danger presented by the eruption just 4km north from Grindavik.

Coast guard ferry fishing vessel to safety away from port of Grindavik

Tuesday 19 December 2023 10:45 , Barney Davis

The Icelandic coast guard has revealed their daring overnight operations as they ferried a fishing boat to safety away from the town of Grindavik and helped scientists assess the erupting volcano.

A spokesman wrote on Facebook: “As soon as the command centre of the Coast Guard received a notification that an eruption had started, a helicopter crew was called out to fly with three scientists so that the extent of the eruption, the length of the fissure and the flow of lava could be assessed.

“The guard ship Þór, which was sailing off Sandgerði, was already directed to Grindavík and arrived there around midnight. At the request of Suðurnesj operations management, Þór will remain available at Grindavík until further notice.

They added: “The Coast Guard's special operations team was sent to the security area at Keflavík Airport to support the activities of the Defense Department.

“One fishing vessel was known to be in the port of Grindavík, the liner Fjölni GK, and in consultation with the shipping company Vísi hf. and the police chief in Suðurnes decided to ferry it from Grindavík.

“The ship's crew was located in the capital area, and the Coast Guard's special operations team was responsible for ferrying the crew via Krýsuvíkurleið and Suðurstrandarveg to Grindavík.

“The ship left Grindavík free after five o'clock.”

Icelandic Coast Guard helicopter surveys volcano site

Tuesday 19 December 2023 10:38 , Barney Davis

Tourists spotted heading towards volcanic eruption

Tuesday 19 December 2023 10:25 , Barney Davis

The eruption , near the town of Grindavík, comes after weeks of earthquakes and uncertainty as to whether the volcano would erupt or not.

Alexander Butler reports:

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Rick Steves Says This Iconic Tourist Attraction In Iceland Isn't Really Worth The Cost

I n the Land of Fire and Ice, Iceland's natural beauty is legendary, drawing nearly 2 million travelers eager to experience its iconic volcanic landscapes, majestic waterfalls, and mystical northern lights each year. Among these, the Blue Lagoon appears across the board in travel brochures and Instagram feeds, considered a must-visit destination. However, acclaimed travel expert Rick Steves suggests that this famous geothermal spa may not be worth the hype — or the hefty entrance fee.

The Blue Lagoon, situated in a lava field near Grindavik on the Reykjanes Peninsula, is a naturally heated human-made lagoon fed by water from the nearby Svartsengi geothermal power plant. In fact, you can see the infrastructure, pipes and all, of this massive factory right from the Blue Lagoon (not the most attractive view). Over the years, it has become one of Iceland's top tourist attractions, known for its healing milky-blue waters and silica mud masks. But according to Rick Steves, the lagoon's commercialization and high costs might not offer the value many travelers seek.

So, what's the damage? Entry to the Blue Lagoon starts at around $70 per person. This "Comfort" package entry fee includes a silica mud mask, towel, and one drink, but extras like spa treatments, dining, and additional beverages at the lagoon's swim-up bar can add up quickly. The "Premium" or "Signature" packages include more perks but can cost over $100 depending on when you visit. For many travelers, these costs can be prohibitive, especially considering the already high price tag of traveling in Iceland — a $300 average daily budget.

Read more: The Prettiest Waters Around The World

The Blue Lagoon: Smoke And Mirrors?

Another point of contention is the overcrowding that notoriously and regularly plagues the Blue Lagoon. With the growth in Iceland's tourism, especially in the post-pandemic era, the lagoon sees upwards of 4,000 visitors on an average day! The photos of people floating in the lagoon with not a soul in sight? Either photoshopped or cropped to exclude literal hordes of tourists. As you try to relax and enjoy the waters, there will be people all around you — families with crying children, backpackers on their fourth beer, large tour groups, and so on. This can lead to a pretty stressful experience as guests jostle for space in the warm waters and queue for amenities.

Speaking of queues, be prepared to line up for everything: food, sauna, drinks, shower, wristband, locker, etc. The irony is that your visit to Iceland's Blue Lagoon must be pre-paid and pre-booked, explains Rick Steves. Walk-ins are not accepted. The arrival time slots are strict, with only an hour of wiggle room — if you miss it, your ticket is forfeited. This inconvenience leaves no room for flexibility or spontaneity. The commercial atmosphere of the Blue Lagoon is a departure from the tranquil, natural settings many visitors expect. While the spa does offer a unique experience with its steamy waters and silica-rich mud, what you get is more like a well-marketed luxury resort. According to Rick Steves, this aspect might diminish the sense of adventure and authenticity many seek when visiting Iceland.

Other Alternatives In Iceland

For those who wish to bathe in Iceland's geothermal waters but are turned off by the Blue Lagoon, there are other options. How about a  less crowded and just as unforgettable destination dupe ? The Secret Lagoon in Fludir and the Myvatn Nature Baths in North Iceland come at a fraction of the cost and with fewer crowds. Moreover, numerous free, wild hot springs dot the Icelandic landscape, though they lack comfortable amenities and require more adventure to reach. Hrunalaug, Laugarvellir, and Reykjafjarðarlaug are a few among countless others.

Rick Steves points out that much of Iceland's allure comes from its unspoiled nature and the thousand-year-old legends locals have about every element of the country's landscape. Places like the Gullfoss waterfall, the black sand beaches of Vik, or the quiet majesty of the Westfjords offer equally stunning experiences without the high price tag. What is especially telling about the Blue Lagoon is that you will likely only see tourists there — the only local Icelanders are the employees. 

With all that said, the Blue Lagoon is a quintessential Icelandic destination. The experience is a memorable one, and many travelers cannot imagine a trip to Iceland without dunking in its 100-degree milky-blue waters — which are perfectly safe. Conveniently, it's located only 20 minutes away from Keflavík airport. Rick Steves recommends combining the visit with your flight in or out of Iceland — baggage storage is available. Just make sure to reserve well in advance on the Blue Lagoon website.

Read the original article on Explore

Tectonic Plates in Iceland and Where to Find Them

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Effects of tectonic plates on iceland, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, formation of new land, geothermal activity, where to see the tectonic plates in iceland, thingvellir national park, silfra fissure, bridge between continents.

Stunning volcanic landscapes are one of Iceland's most defining features, explaining half of the country's nickname as "the Land of Ice and Fire." From rugged lava fields and craters to beaches of black sand - there is no shortage of dramatic scenery in Iceland! But what is the reason for the country's volcanic activity?

The answer lies in Iceland's relationship with the tectonic plates. The massive pieces of the Earth's crust comprise the planet's uppermost mantle. As the tectonic plates drift, they dramatically alter the earth's landscapes. The effects of these natural forces are especially apparent, sometimes right from the window of your hotel or guesthouse in Iceland !

Many travelers visit Iceland to explore these natural formations, which are unlike anything else you'll see on the planet. Whether you choose to drive the Ring Road after renting a car or see these wonders as a part of a self-drive tour , the effects of the tectonic plates on the landscape are sure to make their mark on you. 

In this article, we'll be going over why Iceland's landscape is so affected by the tectonic plates and where to find the best locations that showcase the aftermath of these natural forces. 

• See also: Volcanic Eruptions in Iceland: A History of Fire
• See also: Iceland's Volcanoes: A Complete Guide

Top Volcano Tours in Iceland

Inside the volcano thrihnukagigur tour with transfer from reykjavik, landmannalaugar super jeep tour with pickup from reykjavik, classic 1 hour lava tunnel caving tour of the raufarholshellir lava tubes.

• See also: Where is Iceland?

Two of Earth's major plates are the North American and Eurasian plates. The boundary between these plates is called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , a massive underwater mountain range extending along the floor of the North and South Atlantic Oceans. As these plates move apart, magma (molten rock deep inside the Earth) fills the gap. When this magma cools down, it becomes a new oceanic crust, basically creating a new ocean floor.

Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by M. Bitton .

So, what does all of this have to do with Iceland? Well, Iceland is uniquely positioned on the globe as it is the only landmass on the Mid-Atlantic ridge! In fact, the country began forming around 60 million years ago by a series of volcanic eruptions as the two plates moved apart.

The ridge cuts through Iceland, meaning some regions are on the North American tectonic plate and others are on the Eurasian plate. This means some parts of Iceland are technically in America, while others are in Europe!

The shifting of tectonic plates beneath Iceland has several significant effects, both geologically and environmentally. As Iceland sits astride the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, this tectonic activity is a key factor in shaping the island's unique landscape and geological phenomena.

One of the most noticeable effects is the high level of volcanic activity. The movement of the tectonic plates leads to magma rising from the mantle, resulting in frequent volcanic eruptions. This activity has created and continues to shape Iceland's dramatic volcanic landscape, including its numerous volcanoes, lava fields, and volcanic islands.

When conditions allow, going on volcano tours can be an amazing opportunity, even if it is just to see the aftermath of these natural powers. If you're ever exploring the South of Iceland, consider stopping by the town of Hvolsvollur and taking a  1-hour Lava Centre exhibition and cinema tour.  It is a great way to learn all about Iceland's volcanic powers in a fun and interactive way.

The movement of tectonic plates also causes earthquakes in Iceland. Most of these earthquakes are small and often unnoticed by the people of Iceland, although larger seismic events are not uncommon. Larger earthquakes can cause structural damage, but Iceland has strict building codes to mitigate earthquake damage, which helps reduce the impact of these events.

Iceland is home to approximately 130 active and inactive volcanic mountains. Some of these volcanoes are particularly well-known, such as Eyjafjallajokull , which gained international attention following its 2010 eruption when it blocked air traffic all over Europe.

Unfortunately, some of these volcanic eruptions have had devastating effects on the inhabitants of Iceland. An eruption in the Westman Islands in 1973 came out of nowhere and caused a major crisis on the island. Although the island's inhabitants were evacuated in time, hundreds of homes were lost in the eruption.

Recently, there have been several eruptions in the Reykjanes peninsula on the southwestern edge of Iceland. While the eruptions in Fagradalsfjall and Litli-Hrutur were tourist-friendly spectacles, the recent activity by the town of Grindavik is far more concerning.

The inhabitants of Grindavik were forced to evacuate the town as magma was discovered flowing only a few hundred feet below the surface. Although it is not yet certain whether an eruption will happen in the area, the seismic activity in the town caused massive damage to infrastructure, as seen in the video above.

Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons, by  Howell Williams .

The diverging tectonic plates contribute to the formation of new land. As the plates move apart, magma rises to fill the gap, which, upon cooling, forms a new crust. This was the case with Surtsey , a volcanic island that began emerging off the southern coast of Iceland in the last century.

Surtsey is a volcanic island that was formed in a series of volcanic eruptions that began beneath the ocean surface in 1963 and lasted until 1967. As the lava from the eruptions continued to spew and harden, it formed a new island.

The island is not open to visitors, but it is the perfect location for many fields of science, such as geology and biology, to see how a new landmass develops with minimal human impact. Scientists have closely monitored how life colonizes new land, making it an invaluable natural laboratory.

While you can't step onto the island itself, you can see it from a distance on many of the great tours available in the Westman Islands .

The tectonic movements contribute to Iceland's extensive geothermal activity. The heat from the Earth's interior powers numerous hot springs, geysers, and geothermal fields, which are not only tourist attractions but also significant sources of renewable energy for the country. In fact, over 90 percent of housing in Iceland is heated by geothermal energy!

There are many locations in Iceland where visitors can enjoy the effects of geothermal power. The Geysir geothermal area is part of the Golden Circle - Iceland's most popular sightseeing route. This area is home to the titular geyser Geysir as well as the iconic Strokkur that erupts every few minutes, shooting water far up into the air.

The town of Hveragerdi in South Iceland is renowned for its geothermal energy, which locals use for heating and creating greenhouses. The nearby Reykjadalur Valley , the Valley of Steam, is a popular place for hiking and hot spring bathing.

Situated in the southern highlands, Landmannalaugar is not only famous for its hiking trails through colorful rhyolite mountains but also for its natural geothermal hot springs, where visitors can bathe surrounded by stunning landscapes.

A trip to Iceland isn't complete without taking a dip in geothermally heated water, so make sure to check out the best hot spring tours in Iceland .

Top Hot Spring Tours in Iceland

Quick blue lagoon shuttle bus transfer from reykjavik, blue lagoon comfort ticket.

As most of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge lies underwater, it's understandably rather hard to see most of the rift for yourself. However, as Iceland is luckily located atop this rift, there are several locations where you can see this fantastical geological phenomenon and its effects quite clearly!

• See also: Top 11 Amazing Canyons in Iceland

Upon entering this area, the stunning geological features are likely the first thing visitors notice. Thingvellir is located on top of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the rift can be seen clearly in the gorge of Almannagja , which was formed by the tension of the North American and Eurasian plates separating. Walking through Almannagja means you're walking right between the continents of North America and Europe! 

Today, Thingvellir is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its cultural and geological values. A great way to visit this location is on a Golden Circle small group minibus tour , where a local expert will give further insight into Thingvellir. 

The fissure of Silfra is a natural pearl located within Thingvellir National Park. Full of crystal clear spring water, it is considered a diver's paradise and is the only place in the world where you can go snorkeling or diving between two tectonic plates.

• See also: Scuba Diving and Snorkeling in Iceland

The water in Silfra is glacial meltwater that has been naturally filtered through volcanic rock over decades. This makes the water in Silfra among the clearest water you'll find anywhere on Earth. Divers and snorkelers who brave the chilly waters, hovering around 35 to 39° Fahrenheit (2 to 4 degrees Celsius), are rewarded with visibility that's out of this world – often over 330 feet 100 meters!

Photo from Unforgettable Drysuit Snorkeling in Silfra.

As visitors brave the waters of Silfra, they get struck by the awe-inspiring realization that they're floating between two continents. Every dive or snorkel here is a unique experience as the fissure is continuously reshaped by the Earth's restlessness.

While Silfra's cold waters might seem offputting, there are many accessible ways of experiencing this natural wonder. Taking a snorkeling tour of Silfra  will allow you to gaze float through the waters of the fissure in a drysuit, keeping you comfortably warm in the frigid waters.

Top Reykjanes Tours

• See also: 22 Things to Do in Reykjanes Peninsula

The Bridge Between Continents is an iconic structure that represents the meeting point of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates. This simple bridge offers a physical and symbolic connection between two major tectonic plates.

Photo from Wikimedia, Creative Commons,  by Giuseppe Milo .

The bridge spans a small fissure, which has been widening as the plates slowly move apart. This movement is gradual, averaging around an inch (2.5 centimeters) per year, but over time, it has created noticeable geological features across the country.

While the Bridge Between Continents is more symbolic than a precise marker of the plate boundary, it offers visitors a tangible experience of standing atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It allows for a unique perspective on the dynamic nature of the Earth's crust, where the boundary between the plates is not just a concept but a physical reality.

That's it for tectonic plates in Iceland for now. Did we leave any of your questions unanswered? Have you seen any of these locations when visiting Iceland? Let us know in the comments below!

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Stunning footage captures northern lights over erupting Iceland volcano – video

A volcano in south-west Iceland is erupting for the fourth time in recent months. The volcano, near the fishing town of Grindavik, has been active for 28 days, the second longest eruption in the last three years, the first being six months in 2021. Timelapse footage shows lava erupting while the northern lights can be seen in the background

Source: As credited

Thu 18 Apr 2024 10.10 BST Last modified on Thu 18 Apr 2024 10.14 BST

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