passport to travel from us to canada

Do You Need a Passport to Go to Canada?

Everything you need to know about travel requirements to visit the united states’ northern neighbor..

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What documents are necessary to visit Canada’s wild places?

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Canada, the sprawling neighbor to the north, has it all: breathtaking national parks (like Banff and Jasper ), vibrant cities , culture, and Indigenous stories. As an American contemplating a visit across the northern border, you might be wondering about the travel requirements involved, particularly whether a passport is necessary.

Do you need a passport to enter Canada?

Yes, Americans need a passport to go to Canada, or an appropriate alternative document. And that’s whether you’re flying, driving, sailing, biking, taking the train, or walking into the country from the United States.

The policy that requires Americans to have a passport or equivalent document for transiting between the United States and Canada was passed by Congress in 2009 as the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) “ to strengthen border security and facilitate entry into the United States. ”

Under this initiative, a passport is considered the standard document for international travel. It replaced previous forms of identification, such as a standard driver’s license or birth certificate, which were previously accepted for crossing the U.S.–Canada border.

Acceptable alternative documents for crossing the U.S.–Canada border

If you don’t have a passport, you can use a few other documents to enter Canada as an American citizen.

Passport card

One such option is a passport card . Like a passport book, the card includes information about the carrier, including full name, nationality, place of birth, gender, issue date and expiration date, a unique identification number, and a photo, though it looks more like a driver’s license. However, it’s important to note that passport cards can only be used for land or sea travel between the United States and Canada—they will not be accepted as an appropriate form of identification for international flights.

Another option is a NEXUS card. The NEXUS program, jointly administered by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), offers expedited clearance for preapproved, low-risk travelers. To acquire a NEXUS card, there is an application process (made through CBP), which includes an in-person interview. The NEXUS card can be used for air, land, or sea transportation.

Enhanced Driver’s Licenses

Some U.S. states offer Enhanced Driver’s Licenses , which contain additional security features and can be used in place of a passport for travel to Canada by car. Enhanced Driver’s Licenses are available in Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington.

Boat, train, and foot crossings

For those traveling by boat into Canada (most Alaska cruises, for instance, stop in Canada), a passport or passport card are necessary. Same goes for trains.

If you’re traveling by foot and go through a border control area, you’ll need a passport, passport card, or NEXUS card. You could skirt that by crossing in a remote area, but we would highly recommend against that.

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Traveller entry requirements

How to prepare for crossing the border into Canada

Services and information

Travel and identification documents for entering canada.

Acceptable documents, establishing your personal identity, your citizenship and other important information

Find out if you can enter Canada

Visas, Electronic Travel Authorizations and other documentation you may need to enter or transit through Canada

Visas, Electronic Travel Authorizations and other documentation you may need to enter or transit through Canada.

Information on what you can bring back to Canada, what to declare, duties and taxes, and personal exemptions

Airport arrival kiosks and eGates

Verify your identity and make a customs declaration at Canada’s major international airports

Directory of CBSA border offices and services across Canada

List of designated CBSA offices and service locations across Canada

Examining digital devices at the Canadian border

Your cell phones, tablets, laptops and any other digital device you are carrying can be examined when you when cross the border

Reporting requirements for private boaters

Options, exceptions, consequences for failing to report and more.

Reporting requirements for non-commercial aircraft

Landing private, company-owned or charter aircraft in Canada

Advance Declaration: Save time at the border

Use Advance Declaration in ArriveCAN to submit your customs and immigration declaration before flying into Canada

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Travellers Visitors to Canada

October 1, 2022 : covid-19 emergency border measures ended.

Refer to COVID-19: Travel, testing and borders for details.

Have proper identification

You must carry proper identification for yourself and any children travelling with you to help confirm your legal right or authorization to enter Canada when you arrive.

All visitors arriving from or transiting through the United States should visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website for information concerning the requirements to enter, transit through, or return to the United States.

Identification requirements for U.S. citizens and permanent residents

If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, you must carry proof of citizenship such as a passport, birth certificate, a certificate of citizenship or naturalization, a U.S. Permanent Resident Card, or a Certificate of Indian Status along with photo identification. If you are a U.S. permanent resident, ensure you carry proof of your status such as a U.S. Permanent Resident Card.

For members of a Trusted Traveller program

U.s. citizens.

U.S. citizens who are members of the NEXUS program can use their membership card as proof of identification and citizenship when entering Canada by land, air or water. This applies when you are using either conventional or NEXUS-only lanes. U.S. citizens who are members of FAST may use their membership card when entering Canada by land or water only. When travelling by air, FAST cards will only be accepted as proof of identification when you are travelling to Canada from the U.S.

U.S. permanent residents

NEXUS and FAST members who are permanent residents of the U.S. must still travel with a passport and proof of permanent residence. You may be asked to present these documents to the Border Services Officer ( BSO ) when you arrive at the border.

No matter your mode of travel, we recommend you carry a valid passport for all travel abroad, including visits to Canada from the United States. A passport may be required by your airline or other transportation authority, since it is the only universally-accepted, identification document.

Identification requirements for international visitors

All international travellers must carry acceptable identification and a valid visa (if necessary) when entering Canada. A passport is recommended because it is the only reliable and universally-accepted travel and identification document for the purpose of international travel.

Electronic Travel Authorization

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to or transit through Canada. Exceptions include U.S. citizens, U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents (USLPR) and travellers with a valid Canadian visa. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens , and Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for an eTA.

Certain low-risk foreign nationals from select visa-required countries may also travel to or through Canada by air using an eTA through the eTA expansion program .

Foreign nationals from select visa-required countries may also travel to or through Canada by air using an eTA, if eligible .

Be prepared: Apply for an eTA before you book your flight to Canada. Most applicants get approved within minutes. However, some applications can take several days to process so don’t wait until the last minute. Get help if you have questions before, during or after you apply.

Fake websites

Travellers who apply for an eTA are advised to be cautious in all dealings with companies that claim to offer help in getting an eTA. These companies are not operating on behalf of the Government of Canada. Many have established websites that charge a fee to provide information and submit eTA applications.

This Government of Canada website is the official place to apply for an eTA .

Travelling with minors

BSOs watch for missing persons , and may ask detailed questions about any minors travelling with you.

Visit the Children and travel page for more information about travelling abroad with minors.

What you can bring with you

As a visitor, you can bring certain goods into Canada for your own use as personal baggage. Personal baggage includes clothing, camping and sports equipment, cameras and personal computers. This also includes your mode of transportation, including vehicles, private boats and aircraft.

You must declare all goods when you arrive at the first CBSA port of entry. Our BSO s check goods you are bringing in or taking out of Canada to verify what you have declared. If you declare goods when you arrive and take them back with you when you leave, you will not have to pay any duty or taxes. These goods cannot be:

• used by a resident of Canada;
• used on behalf of a business based in Canada;
• given as a gift to a Canadian resident; or
• disposed of or left behind in Canada.

The BSO may ask you to leave a security deposit for your goods. Your deposit will be refunded when you leave Canada with the goods. If this happens, you will be issued a Temporary Admission Permit. We will keep a copy and give you one for your records. When you leave Canada, bring your goods and your copy of the Temporary Admission Permit, to the BSO . You will get a receipt and your security deposit will be refunded by mail.

Making your declaration

Every traveller entering Canada must report to a border services officer and answer all their questions truthfully. Travellers must also report goods they are bringing with them, including food, plant and animal products.

To ensure a smooth border crossing, have all required identification and travel documents in hand. Be ready to make a full and accurate declaration, including the amount of goods in Canadian dollars you are bringing with you.

If you arrive by land, follow the signs to the first checkpoint. A border services officer will check your identification and other travel documents and you will answer their questions.

If you arrive by private boat, go directly to a designated marine telephone reporting site and call the Telephone Reporting Centre ( TRC ) at 1-888-226-7277 to get clearance. For more information, visit the Private boaters page.

If you arrive at one of Canada's main airports , you can complete your customs and immigration declaration your before arrival with Advance Declaration.

At the airport kiosk or eGate, you will scan your travel document and verify your identity. The device will print your declaration and you will bring it to a border services officer.

If you arrive at a smaller Canadian airport, without a kiosk or eGate, you must fill out a paper E-311 CBSA Declaration Card prior to arrival and present it to a border services officer.

Use Advance Declaration and save time!

Submit your customs and immigration information with Advance Declaration up to 72 hours before you arrive in Canada using your smart phone or your computer. When you use Advance Declaration, you can access express lanes in the arrivals hall. Data shows that it’s up to 50% faster at the airport kiosk or eGate.

Instructions on how to complete the card are attached to the form. You can list up to four people living at the same residence on one card. If there are more than four people living at your address use one additional card for each additional group of four or fewer people. Once the cards are complete you can detach and discard the instructions. Do not fold the card.

Be sure to keep the card handy along with your identification and other travel documents. You will be asked to show this card to our BSOs several times.

If you have any questions about the card or Canadian regulations, ask the BSO when you arrive.

Referrals for secondary services and inspections

At any point during your interactions with our BSOs at a port of entry, you may be referred to our secondary services and inspections area.

We understand that travellers may feel anxious when crossing the border. Referrals to secondary inspection are a normal part of the cross-border travel process that any visitor to Canada may experience.

Why you may be referred to secondary inspection

You may be referred to secondary inspection for a variety of reasons, for example:

• carrying out a random inspection;
• verifying your declaration or documentation;
• asking you more in-depth questions about yourself or inspecting your goods;
• determining your admissibility to Canada or the admissibility of the goods in your possession;
• having you pay duty and taxes;
• completing or processing paperwork to support your entry or the entry of your goods to Canada.

All travellers are protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Referrals are not made on any discriminatory basis, such as race, nationality, religion, age or gender.

What to expect from secondary inspections

If you are referred for Secondary Services or Inspection, an officer may:

• ask you to provide detailed information about your plans while visiting Canada, or the time you spent abroad;
• make further enquiries, check records, or conduct research to verify your declaration;
• confirm the guardianship of children travelling with you;
• process the payment of duty and taxes;
• inspect your luggage, purse or wallet, electronics (including laptops and cell phones), your vehicle and any additional goods you are transporting;
• examine visually your pet or any animals travelling with you;
• ask you to produce evidence of the money you have available to fund your visit to Canada;
• request that you produce receipts to account for expenses you incurred or purchases made abroad; or
• count your cash or travellers cheques, in your presence.

While most travellers we inspect comply with Canadian laws and regulations, we do encounter individuals who are intent on breaking the law and who attempt to avoid detection. That is why the officer may not always answer specific questions about a Secondary Inspection.

Travelling with alcohol and tobacco

Alcoholic beverages.

You are allowed to bring into Canada only one of the following amounts of alcohol and alcoholic beverages free of duty and taxes:

Alcoholic beverages are products that exceed 0.5% alcohol by volume. Certain alcoholic and wine products that do not exceed 0.5% by volume are not considered alcoholic beverages.

You must meet the minimum age of the province or territory where you enter Canada. Minimum ages are established by provincial or territorial authorities: 18 years for Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec and 19 years for the remaining provinces and territories.

The CBSA classifies "cooler" products according to the alcoholic beverage they contain. For example, beer coolers are considered to be beer and wine coolers are considered to be wine.

The quantities of alcoholic beverages you can import must be within the limit set by provincial and territorial liquor control authorities that apply where you will enter Canada. If the amount of alcohol you want to import exceeds your personal exemption, you will be required to pay the duty and taxes as well as any provincial or territorial levies that apply. Contact the appropriate provincial or territorial liquor control authority for more information before you return to Canada.

You must be of legal age in the province of importation. While you are allowed to import more alcoholic beverages than the amounts listed above, you will be responsible for paying duty and taxes on the additional alcoholic beverages you are bringing into Canada.

For more information on bringing alcoholic beverages to Canada, consult the Alcohol and tobacco limits page.

Tobacco products

As a visitor or a temporary resident, you may bring into Canada, free of duty and taxes, all of the following amounts of tobacco products, as long as these items are in your possession when you arrive in Canada:

You can speed up your clearance by having your tobacco products available for inspection when you arrive.

Whether they are stamped or unstamped, if you bring in tobacco products that exceed your personal exemption, you will be required to pay the regular duty and taxes as well as any provincial or territorial levies that apply on the excess amount.

Note: You must be 18 years of age to bring tobacco products into Canada under your personal exemption.

Stamped Tobacco Products – Personal exemption amounts

If you wish to import cigarettes, manufactured tobacco and tobacco sticks duty free as part of your personal exemption, the packages must be stamped " duty paid Canada droit acquitté ". You will find tobacco products sold at duty-free stores marked this way.

Unstamped Tobacco Products – Special duties rate

A special duty rate applies to cigarettes, manufactured tobacco and tobacco sticks that are not stamped " duty paid Canada droit acquitté".

For example, if you claim a carton of 200 cigarettes as part of your personal exemption and it is not stamped " duty paid Canada droit acquitté", you will be assessed at a special duty rate.

Unstamped Tobacco Products – Import limits

In addition to your personal exemption amounts, there are limits on the quantity of tobacco products that may be imported if it is not packaged and not stamped " duty paid Canada droit acquitté ". The limit is currently five units of tobacco products. One  unit of tobacco products consists of one of the following:

For short visits, these quantities may be limited to amounts that are appropriate in respect of the nature, purpose, and duration of the visit.

Restricted/prohibited goods

Certain goods are restricted or prohibited in Canada. To avoid the possibility of penalties, including seizure or prosecution, make sure you have the information you need before attempting to bring items into Canada.

The following are some examples of restricted or prohibited goods:

• Firearms and weapons : You must declare all weapons and firearms at the CBSA port of entry when you enter Canada.
• Food, plants, animals and related products : All food, plants, animals, and related products must be declared. Food can carry disease, such as E. coli. Plants and plant products can carry invasive alien species, such as the Asian Long-Horned Beetle. Animals and animal products can carry diseases, such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease.
• Explosives, fireworks and ammunition : You must have written authorization and permits to bring explosives, fireworks and certain types of ammunition into Canada.
• Vehicles : Vehicles include any kind of pleasure vehicles such as passenger cars, pickup trucks, snowmobiles and motor homes, as long as you use them for non-commercial purposes. There are many requirements that apply to importing a vehicle .
• Consumer products : Certain consumer products that could pose a danger to the public (e.g., baby walkers, jequirity beans that are often found in art or bead work) are not allowed to be brought into Canada. Canadian residents should be aware of consumer products that have safety requirements in Canada . Many of these safety requirements are stricter than requirements of other countries.

For more information consult the Restricted and Prohibited Goods page.

Travelling with CAN$10,000 or more

If you have currency or monetary instruments equal to or greater than CAN$10,000 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency) in your possession when arriving in or departing from Canada, you must report to the CBSA. Monetary instruments include items such as stocks, bonds, bank drafts, cheques, and travellers' cheques.

This regulation applies to currency and monetary instruments you have on your person, in your baggage and/or in your vehicle.

When you arrive in Canada with CAN$10,000 or more in your possession, you must report it on the CBSA Declaration Card (if one was provided to you), or in the verbal declaration made to a BSO.

When you leave Canada by air with CAN$10,000 or more in your possession, you must report to the CBSA office within the airport, before clearing security or, if leaving by land or boat, report your intent to export to the CBSA at one of our offices.

For more information, including instructions on how to report your intent to import or export currency in person, by mail, or by courier, you can consult Travelling with CAN$10,000 or more .

Travelling with gifts

If you are travelling with gifts, do not wrap them before crossing the border. If a gift is wrapped, a BSO may need to un-wrap the gift to examine the goods you are bringing into Canada.

Can I enter Canada?

Why some people cannot enter or remain in canada.

There are a number of reasons you can be found inadmissible, denied a visa or refused entry to Canada such as:

• Human or international rights violations
• Criminality
• Organized criminality
• Health grounds
• Financial reasons
• Misrepresentation
• Non-compliance with the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA).
• Having an inadmissible family member

Visit the Determine your eligibility page for more information.

Ministerial relief

If you have been found inadmissible to Canada on grounds of security, certain provisions relating to human or international rights violations, or organized criminality, you may request that the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (the Minister) make a declaration of relief under subsection 42.1(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) if the Minister is satisfied that doing so is not contrary to the national interest. This process is commonly referred to as Ministerial relief.

You may apply for Ministerial relief using BSF766. Refer to the Guide to Applying for a Declaration of Relief Under Subsection 42.1(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act .

Overcome criminal convictions

Depending on the crime, how long ago it was committed, and how you have behaved since the conviction, you may still be allowed to come to Canada, if you:

• convince an immigration officer that you meet the legal terms to be deemed rehabilitated, or
• applied for rehabilitation and were approved, or
• were granted a record suspension, or
• have a temporary resident permit.

Visit the Overcome criminal convictions page for more information.

Resources for visitors

• Come to Canada to settle, study or work
• Refugees (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada website)

• Get a Passport
• Renew a Passport
• Get a Passport Fast
• Courier Services
• Passport Information

Canada Travel Requirements

Home » Passports » How to Obtain a U.S. Passport

Over the past 20 years of helping readers like you with their travel document needs, one of the most frequently asked questions we get is:

• Do you need a passport to go to Canada?

Yes. Canadian law requires U.S. citizens to present a passport book or passport card to enter Canada. You also need a valid passport for all international travel by air.

If you don't have a passport , you have the option to use a WHTI-compliant travel document (more on these later). These are the only passport alternatives Americans can use to both enter Canada and re-enter the United States via a land or sea port of entry. Birth certificates and driver's licenses are not good enough .

Unfortunately, many U.S. citizens realize this too late. If you try to cross the Canadian border by land or sea without proper documentation, you will be turned away by the agents of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).

A visa is not required for U.S. citizens to visit Canada for up to 180 days. Anyone seeking to enter Canada for any purpose other than a visit (e.g. to work, study or immigrate) must qualify for the appropriate entry status and should contact the Canadian Embassy (or nearest consulate) and visit the Canadian immigration website .

If you are planning a trip to Canada soon , you need to explore your expedited passport processing options . Otherwise, the processing time for a new passport or passport renewal currently takes 6 to 8 weeks , however it can take longer depending upon demand and world events. Some alternative forms of proof, like the NEXUS card, can take up to 6 months to get.

For the quickest turnaround time, using a registered passport courier service is the best option . These experts can help you apply for and get a passport book or passport card fast -sometimes in as few as 24 hours.

Check out or directory of top passport expediting services . Many of these businesses have multiple offices across the US at the ready to help you get a new passport or renew an existing one quickly and without hassle. With their help, you can save both time and money compared to the costs of getting a rushed passport on your own .

Table of Contents

How to enter canada without a valid passport book.

• How to Use an Advance CBSA Declaration
• Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada
• Requirements for Business Travel to Canada
• Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

What You Can and Cannot Bring into Canada

Bringing vehicles into canada, how a dui or criminal record can affect entry to canada, final steps to prepare to visit canada.

U.S. citizens haven't always needed a passport to enter Canada.

Before June 1, 2009 Canadian law allowed all American citizens to enter Canada by showing a government-issued photo ID (e.g. driver's license) and proof of U.S. citizenship such as a U.S. birth certificate, naturalization certificate, proof of Indian status, or an expired U.S. passport. Those days are over .

Furthermore, even if Canada still allowed entry with only these forms of identification, the United States does not accept these documents as sufficient proof to re-enter the United States. Regardless of what Canadian law requires or what other proof is sufficient for Canadian citizens, American travelers entering Canada must be able to present acceptable proof of US citizenship to re-enter the United States.

Again, a valid passport book is the best and most versatile option for meeting both American and Canadian requirements ; but they are not the only options.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) allows for several different types of travel documents to be used to cross back and forth across the U.S.-Canadian border. In most cases, these are both more limited in their usefulness and more time consuming to get compared to a passport book.

One of the WHTI-compliant documents for crossing the land border is the U.S. Passport Card. The card may not be used to travel by air. It is only available to U.S. citizens (not green card holders or other non-citizen residents). All eligible American travelers are encouraged to apply for a U.S. passport card well in advance of anticipated travel to avoid any problems.

The following items are considered valid WHTI identification documents for traveling to Canada :

• A U.S. passport card
• An enhanced driver's license ( EDL )
• A Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS card SENTRI card, FAST card, or Global Entry card)
• An enhanced tribal card (ETC)
• A military identification card (only for members of the U.S. armed services on official maritime business)
• A Military ID with official orders that require travel to Canada or through the country's borders

While a valid passport book is the only travel document you can use for international air travel , the rest of the options listed above can be used at most land and sea ports of entry to Canada. They are also accepted when you leave Canada and attempt to re-enter the United States via any land border or sea border crossings.

Both the U.S. and Canadian governments urge frequent travelers, who must cross the border regularly to join the NEXUS Trusted traveler program.

WHTI documents (like the NEXUS card) simplify entering Canada by land or sea for frequent travelers in a number of ways:

• Passport books are big. Carrying them around is a hassle when you need to use them often. On the other hand, a passport card, SENTRI card, enhanced driver's license, or any of the other cards issued as part of the Trusted Traveler Program can fit alongside a credit or debit card in your wallet or purse.

The various WHTI cards are made from a durable plastic that is tougher than the current US passport book . However, if your card is significantly damaged, it can be rejected just as a damaged passport book would be.

• Passport books have limited number of pages. When your passport book is out of usable pages for entry and exit stamps, it must be renewed. There is no way to add pages to a passport book . This means people who need to cross the US-Canadian border often will also need to renew passports more frequently. This is time and an expense that can be avoided by taking advantage of WHTI programs.

If you are an American citizen and plan on entering Canada by land or sea, the WHTI offers a great way to travel to Canada without a passport.

But remember : if you are planning to fly in or out of Canada, you need a passport book. There is no passport card, WHTI document, or Trusted Traveler Program card that will allow you to board a flight.

Use an Advance CBSA Declaration to Save Time at the Border

The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has introduced an optional feature called "Advance CBSA Declaration." This program allows travelers to submit their customs and immigration declaration up to 72 hours before arriving in Canada, enhancing the speed and ease of entry.

The Advance CBSA Declaration is currently only available for use at selected Canadian international airports:

• Toronto Pearson International Airport Terminal 1 & 3
• Vancouver International Airport
• Montreal-Trudeau International Airport
• Winnipeg Richardson International Airport

Entry Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada

There are unique rules for some minors traveling between the U.S. and Canada .

U.S. citizens under the age of 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious, cultural organization, or other youth group) need only present a birth certificate (original, photocopy, or certified copy), Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or naturalization certificate to visit Canada. This is also sufficient for re-entry into the U.S.

All citizens are required to present a valid U.S. passport book to enter or re-enter the United States via air -regardless of age.

There are also additional requirements a minor's parents or legal guardian(s) need to fulfill.

If you plan to travel to Canada with a minor who is not your child or for whom you do not have full legal custody, the Canada Border Services Agency may require you to present a notarized affidavit of consent from the minor's parents or legal guardian(s).

There is no specific form for this document, but it should be a signed statement that includes:

• Dates of travel to Canada
• A description of the travel itinerary
• Names of parents or legal guardian(s) with full legal custody and photo copies of their government issued photo IDs (like a driver's license, passport, passport card, etc.)
• Names of the supervising adult(s) responsible for the minor while abroad.

You can use our minor travel consent form and save yourself the time and effort of drafting one on your own.

Minors aged 16 through 18 (that are not part of one of the aforementioned traveling groups) must follow the same rules as adults to enter the United States via sea and land borders. They can show either a valid passport, passport card, Enhanced Drivers License, or another Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI)-compliant document at the border.

Flying to Canada as an Unaccompanied Minor

There are also unique considerations for unaccompanied minors traveling by air to Canada without a parent or legal guardian.

Just like with adult air travel, a passport book is required for a minor flying internationally .

Most airlines comply with the U.S. Department of Transportation's general guidelines for unaccompanied minors traveling by air. That said, each airline can set its own guidelines.

You can expect additional fees when booking a flight for an unaccompanied minor, but it usually comes with additional perks like preferential seating, personal escorts on and off the plane, and additional attention and supervision throughout the flight.

For more, be sure to check out our guide to unaccompanied minor travel . There you will find more specifics about the rules, documentation, and options for helping a child travel to Canada (or any international destination) on their own.

Entry Requirements for Business Travel to Canada

Canada defines a "business visitor" as anyone who enters the country to "take part in international business activities without being part of the Canadian labor market."

The term business activities includes travel focused on:

• developing business interests
• acquiring business investments
• buying or taking orders for goods or services on behalf of a non-Canadian business or government
• attending meetings or trade fairs
• training Canadian employees or receiving training for work outside of Canada
• other acceptable business practices under the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement

For business travel, Canada requires a list of documents and authorizations before you can enter the country:

• a valid passport
• Official proof of U.S. citizenship (such as a passport or green card)
• a visitor visa
• an electronic travel authorization (eTA)
• letters of support from your parent company
• a formal invitation from the Canadian host business or a Letter of Recognition from the Canada Border Services Agency
• any other documents such as warranty or service agreements, or contracts, if relevant to your visit
• contact details of your business host in Canada (must provide contact(s) that can be reached 24 hours a day for the duration of your trip)
• proof that you have enough money for both your stay in Canada and your return home

Attempting to conduct business affairs in Canada without the proper documentation and permissions can lead to fines, detention, and deportation depending upon the severity.

Entry Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

It is possible to be both a U.S. and Canadian citizen. This dual-nationality status allows people the opportunity to be permanent residents of both countries.

Dual citizens are expected to follow the rules and laws of the country where they physically are. For instance, Canadian citizens need a valid Canadian passport to board a flight to or through Canadian airports. American citizens need a passport to do the same at American airports.

There is one notable exception for American-Canadian dual citizens: the combination of a U.S. passport and proper proof of Canadian citizenship can be used to enter Canada by air, land, or sea.

Acceptable proof includes items such as:

• a permanent resident card
• a Consular Report of Birth Abroad
• a Naturalization Certificate
• a Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS) card or valid Certificate of Indian Status (CIS) card
• A WHTI or Trusted Traveler Program card (e.g. a NEXUS card satisfies this requirement)

There are specific rules regarding what American citizens entering Canada are allowed to bring across the border. Canadian law is very clear about these regulations. Failure to comply can lead to substantial fines, deportation, and even a permanent bar from Canada altogether.

Please note that regulations and restrictions are subject to change, so it's always a good idea to consult the official website of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) or contact them directly for the most up-to-date information.

What you can bring into Canada:

• Pets - There are specific requirements for bringing a pet from the U.S. into Canada. For instance, most dogs and cats must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate. Consult the USDA website 's guide for the specific regulations about specific pet species, breeds, and ages.
• Prescription medication - You can bring prescription medication for personal use, but the medication should be in its original bottle or container. You should also bring a copy of your current prescription and/or a letter from your healthcare provider.
• Food - You can bring most commercially packaged and labeled food items for personal consumption (e.g. snacks and canned goods). However, there are restrictions on certain food items like fresh produce, meat, dairy, and plants. Check the CBSA website for specific restrictions and limits.
• Alcohol and tobacco - You are allowed to bring a limited quantity of alcohol and tobacco products into Canada for personal use. Some specific limits and duties may apply.

What you cannot bring into Canada:

• Drugs and illegal substances - Narcotics, illegal drugs, and restricted or controlled substances are prohibited. Do not attempt to bring any across the border or you could be subject to harsh penalties from both the Canadian and U.S. government.
• Endangered species and byproducts - Items made from endangered species, such as ivory, certain animal skins, and products made from protected plants, are generally prohibited.
• Certain agricultural products - Many types of fresh fruits, vegetables, plants, and certain animal products are restricted. This is to prevent the introduction of pests or diseases to Canadian agriculture and ecosystems.

It is important to remember that customs officers at the border have the final authority to determine what can and cannot be brought into Canada. To ensure a smooth entry, be sure to declare all items you are bringing with you and comply with the regulations and restrictions in place.

Again, for the most accurate and up-to-date information, including the most current downloadable forms, please consult the CBSA website or contact them directly.

As an American citizen, you can bring your car into Canada and drive it using your state-issued driver's license and valid car insurance.

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is only required if you plan on renting or purchasing a vehicle while in Canada. Some provinces also require an IDP if you plan on using your own vehicle from the U.S. for more than 90 days.

You must follow all local traffic laws while driving in Canada. Some of the most important rules include:

• Follow metric road markings and speed limits . Remember: Canada uses kilometers, not miles.
• Do not drive with or under the influence of alcohol or drugs . A DUI is a serious offense in Canada. It can lead to expensive fines, loss of your vehicle, and even imprisonment.
• Wear seatbelts . Everyone in a car should be properly buckled in. This includes car seats for children under the age of 9 or less than 145 cm (about 58 inches) in height.
• Put your cellphone down . You can receive a ticket and fine for using an electronic device while driving. Use of hands-free connections to your vehicle or an earpiece is allowed.

If you plan to drive into Canada, be sure to check out our guide to the 5 Huge International Road Trip Mistakes Americans Make .

In Canada, the statute for DUI covers equivalent U.S. charges of DUI, physical control of a vehicle-moving or not-under the influence, and DUI as a minor. These are indictable offenses and, therefore, grounds to deny entry to the country if you are a foreign national.

You are considered rehabilitated ten years after the completion of your DUI sentence and are eligible to apply for rehabilitation five years after the completion of your sentence. If you're awarded rehabilitation, you're allowed into the country The process can take several months to complete.

If you've ever been convicted of a DUI or significant crime in the United States, and you're planning a visit to Canada you will likely be turned away. Approaching a Canadian land border without researching the current entry requirements ahead of time, or going through the proper process of a rehabilitation application is a roll of the dice.

You can try to enter by applying for a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) at the border. This is a complicated process that requires proof of why you should be granted access (e.g. a family emergency). If you are denied a TRP request, you cannot appeal. The decision is final.

While it's possible to gain admittance to Canada with a temporary resident permit, the Canadian government rarely grants these requests. More often than not, you'll be refused entry, and lose your non-refundable $200 application fee.

If you are traveling to Canada and have a criminal record of any kind, the best idea is to first contact an experienced immigration lawyer in the province where you plan to travel. This will help you avoid any legal surprises at the border or upon arrival.

Visiting Canada is one of the most popular forms of international travel for U.S. citizens. As with all travel abroad, the key to a successful trip is being prepared.

While you don't need a passport to visit Canada, it is, by far, the most versatile and useful form of travel documentation you can have. If you plan on travelling soon and need to get a passport quickly , you can schedule an appointment at the nearest regional agency or rush your passport application with the help of a registered passport courier service. Be sure to visit our directory of the top passport expediting services to find trusted and reliable help for your travel document needs.

It is also important to know where to find the nearest Canadian embassy and consulates are located:

• The Canadian Embassy is located at 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC.
• Canadian consulates can be found in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Juan or Seattle.

These are crucial contact points for any American abroad in Canada as they represent your most direct contact with the United States.

If you are still planning your trip, be sure to check out The 5 Best Canadian Cities for Americans to Visit so that you can experience everything Canada has to offer. While you're at it, be sure not to miss our 10 Canadian Travel Planning Tips to be sure you are fully prepared for your visit to our neighbor to the north.

Top 5 Questions About Expedited Passport Couriers

1. How can you get a passport when you're in a hurry? 2. What exactly does a passport expediter do? 3. Are passport expediting services legitimate? 4. How can I identify a reliable passport expeditor? 5. Is expedited passport service worth it?

You can also visit our library of articles about passport expediting .

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Stop by the neighbors: What to know about driving to Canada from Michigan

Few experiences resonate with the spirit of being an American traveler quite like a quick hop across the border to Canada. Residents of Metro Detroit frequently cross over to Windsor, Canada, our close neighbor to the north for a friendly visit.

Before you head across the border, here's what you need to know about passports and other documentation you'll need for you, your kids and your pets.

Do I need a passport to drive to Canada?

Whether you're crossing via the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel or Ambassador Bridge, Canadian law requires that all persons entering the country carry proof of citizenship and identity, according to the U.S. Department of State website . 

For U.S. citizens and permanent residents, a valid U.S. passport, passport card or NEXUS card satisfies the requirements. U.S. citizens who are members of the FAST program may use their cards as proof of identity when arriving by land.

A U.S. enhanced driver's license on its own is not proof of citizenship but may be accepted with additional documents that support the traveler's identity and citizenship, according to Maria Ladouceur, media relations spokesperson for the Canada Border Services Agency.

"In all cases, before making a decision on whether or not to allow a traveller to enter Canada, a Canada Border Services Agency border services officer (BSO) will review and consider each traveller's unique circumstances, the purpose of the trip, and the documents presented at the time of entry," Ladouceur said. "BSOs use all of the information available to them when a traveller is seeking entry into Canada, to determine if the traveller is eligible to enter the country. It is recommended that U.S. citizens travel with a valid passport to facilitate their border crossing because it is the only reliable and universally-accepted travel and identification document for the purpose of international travel."

Story continues below.

Do children need a passport to drive to Canada?

Children under 16 only need a birth certificate or other proof of U.S. citizenship to cross into Canada by land. The birth certificate can be an original, a photocopy or a certified copy, according to the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative . If you plan to travel with a minor for whom you don't have full legal custody, CBSA may require a letter of authorization from the minor's parents or legal guardian.

For groups of children under age 19 arriving by land and traveling with a school group, religious group, social or cultural organization, or sports team, they may also present an original or copy of a birth certificate, a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, a Naturalization Certificate or a Canadian Citizenship Card.

The group should provide, on organizational letterhead:

• The name of the group and supervising adult.
• A list of the children on the trip, the primary home address, phone number, date of birth, place of birth, and name of at least one parent or legal guardian for each child.
• A written and signed statement of the supervising adult certifying that he or she has obtained parental or legal guardian consent for each participating child.

Do I need a passport to re-enter the US from Canada?

According to the Department of Homeland Security , U.S. citizens entering the United States by land are required to present a valid Western Hemisphere travel initiative-compliant document, which includes:

• U.S. Passport
• Passport Card
• Enhanced driver's license
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
• U.S. Military identification card when traveling on official orders
• Form I-872 American Indian Card, or (when available) Enhanced Tribal Card

U.S. citizen children, ages 16 and under, arriving by land from Canada may present an original or copy of their birth certificate or other proof of citizenship. The birth certificate can be an original, photocopy or certified copy.

If the child is a newborn and the actual birth certificate has not arrived, a border officer will accept , according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

What if my passport has my old name on it?

U.S. citizens who change their name due to marriage, divorce, or because of any other circumstance, may travel using a passport or other Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative approved document in their prior name provided they bring proof of the name progression such as; a marriage certificate, a divorce decree or court documents showing a legal name change, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection .

Planning a group trip can be a headache: How this new Expedia tool makes it easier

What does it cost to go to Canada?

Crossing via the Ambassador Bridge to Canada will cost $6 and $8 when returning to the U.S. if you're traveling with a trailer, rates will vary based on weight and axles .

If you opt for the Detroit-Windsor tunnel, it costs $5.50 for automobiles and RVs, according to dwtunnel.com . On the way back, it's only $5.

The Detroit-Windsor Tunnel Bus will resume service Nov. 27, operate seven days a week and cost $7.50 each way, according to the City of Windsor .

Further north in Port Huron, it's $3.75 to cross the Blue Water Bridge into Canada.

And even further north in Sault Ste. Marie, it's $4 to cross the Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge.

Can my dog or cat travel to Canada?

Dogs older than 3 months old joining your road trip can enter Canada if they're accompanied by a rabies vaccination certificate and appear healthy, according to the Government of Canada .

If your dog is younger than 3 months old, you'll need proof of its age, which you can get from a veterinarian, and the dog must appear healthy. A rabies certification is not required for dogs under 3 months.

However, it's against the law to bring pit bulls into Ontario, according to  Ontario law . The law does allow certain pit bulls to enter Ontario for recognized dog shows and flyball tournaments under limited circumstances.

If you're traveling with a domestic cat 3 months or older, you will need a valid rabies vaccination certificate or veterinary certificate.

If you're traveling with a domestic cat less than 3 months of age, a rabies certification is not required, but you'll need proof of the cat's age.

All pets must meet humane transportation requirements.

Do Children Need a Passport to Visit Canada?

Canada is an extremely family-friendly country, so many families with small children cross the U.S. border to vacation there every year. To make it easier, U.S. and Canadian citizens ages 15 or younger do not need a passport to cross the border at land and sea entry points. However, children will need other documentation. Below is a list of everything your child needs to travel to Canada.

Approved Documents for Children Entering Canada

U.S. citizens under the age of 16 only need a birth certificate or other proof of citizenship if they are driving to Canada or arriving there by sea.

Minors flying to Canada require a passport, passport card, or a NEXUS card . Note that anyone who has a NEXUS card or is considering applying for one can apply for NEXUS cards for his or her own children at no cost. 

Approved Documents for Children Reentering the U.S.

Children flying back to the U.S. will need a passport to reenter. Those traveling by land or sea, however, only need a birth certificate (either the original, a photocopy, or certified copy) or other proof of citizenship.

Approved Documents for Children Traveling in a Group

U.S. and Canadian citizens under the age of 19 traveling between the U.S. and Canada by land or sea with school, religious, cultural, or athletic groups and under adult supervision will also be allowed to travel with only proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate.

The group must also carry a letter on company letterhead that names the organization; supervising adults; and each child, along with their address, phone number, birth date, and parent or legal guardian. The supervising adult must also write and sign a statement certifying that each parent or legal guardian has given them consent.

Other Optional Documents

If the child is accompanied by both parents, no other documentation is required.

However, you must carry a notarized letter of consent from the child's parents if you are traveling to Canada with a child who is not legally yours.

Children traveling to the U.S. with only one parent must have a notarized letter of consent from the other parent. Alternatively, a child could enter the U.S. with a letter signed by both parents stating that the accompanying adult has permission.

Divorced parents who share custody of their children should also carry the legal documents for their kids as well as contact information for the other parent. Other helpful documents include birth certificates, baptismal certificates, and immigration papers, if applicable. Border guards are especially diligent in keeping an eye out for unlawful border crossings involving children due to concerns about human trafficking. They may question you about children who come with you to Canada or question a child who travels alone. 

Visitors of all other nationalities, of all ages, need a valid passport to enter Canada by land, sea, and air. 

How to Get a Rush Passport

If you need a passport to be rushed, there are steps you can take to expedite the passport . Whether it's a life-or-death emergency or not, you can get a passport quickly and you will need to go to a passport office in person rather than mailing in your application documents. It's not necessary to use a passport expediting service, which charges a fee, to rush passport applications unless you're not capable of going to a passport office yourself.

Best Advice

It's important not to wait to get the necessary documents. As security increases, it is helpful to have a passport or passport equivalent, like a NEXUS Card, for your child now. The trend for essential travel documents, even between friendly, neighboring countries like Canada, the U.S., and Mexico, is toward increased security and standardization. A passport—or passport equivalent—is becoming a necessity. Some people have FAST cards or Enhanced Driver's Licenses, but children are not allowed to carry such documents due to their age. However, children can get U.S. Passport Cards, which are another alternative to a traditional passport.

Who to Consult

Consult the U.S. Department of State or Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA). Cruise ships, train lines, and bus companies will all have up-to-date information on passport requirements as well.

Passports and Mexico Entry Requirements for Children

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Passport Requirements for Driving to Canada

Parent Authorization Letter for Minors Traveling to Mexico

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How To Get a U.S. Passport or Passport Card

What Is a Nexus Card?

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Free Parental Consent Forms for Minors Traveling Alone

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If you plan to visit Canada for a few hours, the day, or an extended period of time, below are travel tips and important details regarding required documents.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, or WHTI, requires U.S. and Canadian travelers to present a valid passport or other document that denotes identity and citizenship when entering the U.S.

U.S. citizens visiting Canada will be required to present one of the travel documents listed here:

• U.S. Passport
• U.S. Passport Card
• Enhanced Driver’s License (Issued by New York, Michigan, Minnesota, Vermont and Washington only. Please note, REAL ID cards cannot be used for border crossings into Canada.)
• Trusted Traveler Program Cards such as NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST enrollment cards
• Special Audiences (Special documents for U.S. Lawful Permanent Residents, U.S. Military, Native Americans, and boaters; birth certificates for children under the age of 16.)

Canadian citizens entering the U.S. will be required to present one of the travel documents listed here:

• Canadian Passport
• Trusted Traveler Program Cards such as NEXUS or FAST/Express enrollment cards
• Enhanced Driver’s License
• Special Audiences (Special documents for Native Americans and boaters; birth certificates for children under the age of 16.)

Foreign nationals should contact their respective governments to obtain passport and VISA information. For specific and accurate information, please refer to the government’s website to visit Canada or visit the USA .

International Bridges to Cross in Niagara Falls USA

• Rainbow Bridge: Connects Niagara Falls, New York to Niagara Falls, Ontario. Open 24/7. Pedestrians permitted on pedestrian walkway.
• Lewiston-Queenston Bridge: Connects Lewiston, New York to Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. Open 24/7. No pedestrians permitted.
• Whirlpool Bridge: Reserved for subscribers to NEXUS only, a program for pre-approved clearance.

View up-to-date bridge traffic information and wait times online here , or call 1-800-715-6722.

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Traveling from Canada and enjoying our many shopping destinations in Niagara Falls USA? Plan your day and see how much you can spend without paying duty at the border.

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I am an American citizen. What do I need to enter Canada?

American citizens, including American-Canadian citizens, must carry proper identification and meet the basic requirements to enter Canada . You do not need a Canadian passport, a Canadian visa or an eTA to enter Canada if you are travelling with a valid U.S. passport.

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Glossary term

• Admissibility

Traveling between U.S. and Canada

When you take a Greyhound bus between the U.S. and Canada, you’ll need to pack a few important documents as well as your toothbrush. And perhaps leave one or two things behind…

Traveling into Canada

Canadian citizens:

• A valid passport.

Non-Canadian citizens:

• A valid passport OR Enhanced Drivers License OR Certificate of Indian Status (for more information on acceptable forms of identification, visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website ).
• Your ticket for your trip back to the states (or another destination out of Canada).
• The address of where you’ll be staying in Canada.

A word of warning: If you don’t have the correct documents for your trip, you won’t be allowed to board the bus because you would be denied entry at the border and would have to buy your own ticket back. So make sure you have everything you need before you board.

In addition to the standard entry documentation requirements: passport, nexus card or enhanced license (NYD residents only), the Canadian Government has several additional requirements you must follow to be allowed into Canada. The complete details, including but not limited to pre-testing, vaccination documentation, and use of the ArriveCan app, can be found on the Canadian Government site: https://travel.gc.ca/travel-covid You will need to know your Port of Entry as you add your travel plans to the ArriveCAN app. You can find this information in the detailed schedule information. As you select your schedule, use the View Itinerary option to see the border crossing which begins with “XB”. Or, from our home page, select Retrieve Your Booking, and on your Ticket Confirmation in the itinerary information, you will see the border crossing location which begins with “XB”.

• Montreal  Border Crossing: Lacolle Route 15, QC
• Toronto Border Crossing: Peace Bridge, ON
• Vancouver Border Crossing: Pacific Highway, BC

Greyhound assumes no responsibility for ensuring that you have met the requirements to enter Canada. If, at the border, you are deemed by the Canadian Government to not be allowed into Canada, Greyhound will provide transportation back to your previous Greyhound terminal. Return travel to your origin point is at your own expense and it will be your sole responsibility.

When you reach the Canadian border, all passengers need to get off the bus and collect all their belongings, including under the bus baggage. All unclaimed baggage will be removed by Canadian officials. You’ll be asked by immigration what the reason is for your trip, and they may want to inspect your baggage. Then, you can return your bags to be loaded onto the bus and continue to your Canadian destination.

Children traveling into Canada will need proof of citizenship, such as a passport or birth certificate. Those under 16 must be accompanied by an adult. If a child is traveling with only one parent, they need to have a letter from the other parent giving consent for them to cross the border. (There's no official format for this, just a letter with the other parent's name, contact details and signature.)

By law, you have to declare all plant, animal and food items you bring into Canada. There are restrictions on some food items, depending on the province you’re traveling to, and rules can change at any time, because pest and disease situations are often changing. For the latest information, visit the Canadian Food Inspection Agency .

Cross-Border Travel:

• It is illegal to cross the international border with cannabis/marijuana.
• Cannabis/Marijuana is an illegal substance at the Federal Level in the United States.
• This applies to both medical marijuana and personal marijuana for recreational use.
• This applies even if crossing from Canada into a U.S. state where cannabis is legal or decriminalized, such as Washington State, Vermont or Maine.
• UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES can an individual/passenger attempt to cross the International border with cannabis or products containing cannabis.

Traveling into the U.S.

When you cross the border from Canada into the U.S. you’ll need your passport or proof of citizenship, which will be checked before you get on the bus.

A word of warning: If you don’t have the correct documents for your trip, you won’t be allowed to board the bus because you would be denied entry at the border. So make sure you have everything you need before you board.

To enter the United States, U.S. citizens or permanent residents will no longer need proof of COVID-19 vaccination or provide a negative test. However, all non-U.S. citizens or non-permanent residents will still need to show proof of vaccination with their passports.

It is your responsibility to understand and comply with the entry requirements. Failure to do so may result in denied entry and it will be your sole responsibility to get transportation from that point.

When you reach the U.S. border, all passengers need to get off the bus and collect all their belongings, including under the bus baggage. You and your baggage will then pass through security (just like at the airport). All unclaimed baggage will be removed by U.S. officials.

Children traveling into the U.S. will need proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate. Under U.S. law, children under 16 aren't allowed to travel into the U.S. without an adult.

There are some restrictions on agricultural products you can bring into the U.S. from certain countries. This is because they may carry pests or foreign animal diseases that may threaten U.S. crop production and livestock. To see what foods you can and can’t bring into the U.S., please visit the U.S. Customs and Border Protection website .

If you do bring agricultural products from Canada into the U.S. you will need to declare them.

A few more tips for your trip

We've put together a few travel tips to help make your journey with us as comfortable as possible.

An official website of the United States government

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Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Bermuda

Learn what travel documents you need to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, or Bermuda.

To strengthen U.S. border security, the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative set standards for proving identity and citizenship for people crossing U.S. borders. 

Visit the Department of Homeland Security's Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative page to find the specific travel documents you will need to enter the U.S. from these locations as a U.S. citizen or a non-citizen.

Port of entry officials issue everyone entering the U.S. a Form I-94, which electronically records arrival dates. If you are a Canadian citizen, you will not need Form I-94 in most cases if you are visiting or in transit through the U.S. Learn more about Form I-94 and how to apply .

LAST UPDATED: December 6, 2023

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Here's when you need (and don't need) a passport to cruise.

It's the type of sailing – closed-loop or open-loop – that largely determines whether or not you need a passport to cruise.

Do You Need a Passport for a Cruise?

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A passport isn't always required for cruising.

To determine whether or not you need a passport to cruise, you first need to figure out if the itinerary is closed-loop or open-loop (also known as open-jaw).

Closed-loop cruise: A closed-loop cruise typically doesn't require a passport since it begins and ends in the same U.S. port (though there are some exceptions to this rule).

Example: Royal Caribbean International 's seven-night Western Caribbean & Perfect Day cruise stops in several countries – the Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti and Grand Cayman – but the itinerary is considered closed-loop because it starts and ends in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Open-loop cruise: An open-loop cruise begins in one U.S. port and ends in a different U.S. port.

Example: Carnival Cruise Line 's 16-day Panama Canal from Seattle itinerary is not considered closed-loop because it departs from Seattle and completes its journey in New Orleans.

All of the above regulations have been determined by the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative: a plan by the departments of State and Homeland Security that determines which documents are acceptable for proving identity and citizenship when entering the United States.

Where to cruise without a passport

There are several destinations where you can cruise without a passport on a closed-loop sailing. They include the following:

• The Bahamas

When looking at cruises to these locations, be mindful of the home ports. The Bahamas, Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean and Canada are all foreign ports, which means they only qualify for the passport exception if they are a stop along your cruise itinerary . If the cruise originates in any of these countries, it is likely you will need a passport.

Since Alaska, Hawaii and New England are all U.S. destinations, any closed-loop routes departing from these locations will not require a passport. However, keep in mind that it can be hard to find closed-loop cruises originating in Hawaii or Alaska.

To find closed-loop itineraries for a Hawaiian voyage or Alaskan cruise , try searching for sailings departing from major cities on the West Coast, like Seattle or Los Angeles . By contrast, quite a few closed-loop cruises leave from New England ports, but they are often marketed as Canadian cruises.

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When you need a passport for closed-loop cruises

Some cruise itineraries include foreign ports that require a passport for disembarkation. This is most commonly an issue for travelers on a closed-loop Caribbean cruise. Barbados , Guadeloupe , Haiti, Martinique , St. Barts , and Trinidad and Tobago all require U.S. citizens to present a valid passport to disembark and enter the country, despite WHTI regulations not requiring a passport for these destinations. Labadee, Royal Caribbean's private island , is an exception and does not require a passport despite its location in Haiti.

If your itinerary includes a country requiring a U.S. passport, your cruise line will require you to have the passport at check-in. Note that your passport must not expire within six months of your arrival in a foreign country or else it won't be considered valid for international travel.

Read: The Easiest Way to Renew Your Passport

Acceptable forms of ID

All travelers – U.S. citizens and foreign nationals alike – must present documents that show identity and citizenship when entering the United States. A U.S. passport can show both. If you don't have one or don't want to bring one, be aware that you may need to present more than one document.

U.S. citizens 16 and older

If you're a U.S. citizen age 16 or older sailing on a closed-loop cruise without your passport, you will need a government-issued photo ID like a driver's license. In addition, you must present a document that proves your U.S. citizenship. These include:

• Passport card
• State-issued enhanced driver's license (EDL)
• Government-issued birth certificate
• Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI or FAST)
• American Indian Card (Form I-872) or Enhanced Tribal ID Card

The Trusted Traveler Programs are risk-based programs to facilitate the entry of travelers who have been vetted and preapproved. Most of these programs will provide you with a machine-readable card that allows you to pass through border checkpoints quickly. Keep in mind, some of these IDs are only available to travelers 16 and older.

Read: TSA Precheck vs. Global Entry

U.S. citizens younger than 16

U.S. citizens younger than 16 are only required to present proof of citizenship, such as one of the following documents:

• Original, notarized or certified copy of their government-issued birth certificate
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad issued by U.S. Department of State
• Certificate of Naturalization issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Read: How to Get a Passport for Kids

Non-U.S. citizens

If you are a lawful permanent resident (or LPR) of the United States, you are required to present a permanent resident card or other valid evidence of permanent residence status.

Non-U.S. citizens, with the exception of Canadians and Mexicans, are not subject to passport exceptions, so a valid passport will need to be provided. Canadian citizens can present a valid passport, Enhanced Driver's License or Trusted Traveler Program card. Mexican citizens must present a passport with a visa or a Border Crossing Card.

Unacceptable forms of ID

While most common forms of identification are accepted, there are a few exceptions. U.S. military identification cards and U.S. Merchant Mariner documents are valid forms of identification, but only when traveling on official orders or in conjunction with official maritime business, so it is unlikely they will be accepted when traveling on a cruise.

Here are some other documents that will not be accepted as proof of citizenship:

• Voter registration cards
• Social Security cards
• Baptismal papers
• Hospital certificates of birth (for anyone older than a newborn)

It is important to note that many of the permitted forms of identification, such as a passport card or EDL, are only accepted at land and sea border crossings. Unforeseen circumstances, such as a medical air evacuation, may cause you to return to the U.S. by air travel. In this case, these documents won't be accepted when you try to reenter at the border crossing.

To avoid extra delays in your return to the U.S. following unforeseen travel complications, the Department of State recommends that everyone taking a cruise from the United States carry a valid passport book in case of emergency.

Why Trust U.S. News Travel

Erin Vasta has traveled extensively to international destinations, gaining a deep knowledge of travel regulations in the process. Her expertise in this area has saved her family and friends from unnecessary travel delays and ensured stress-free trips through border security in nearly 15 countries. To write this article, Vasta used her international travel experience and research skills.

You might also be interested in:

• The Top Passport Holders
• Cruise Packing List: Essentials to Bring
• Safe at Sea: The Best Cruise Insurance

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Canada's passport is among the most expensive in the world and here's what it costs to get one

Canada's passport is one of the strongest in the world, offering holders visa-free access to tons of countries around the globe.

However, it turns out that Canadians pay a pretty hefty price for the benefits of owning one.

A new study has revealed that the Canadian passport is one of the most expensive in the world, breaking down how much it actually costs passport holders to be able to travel without the need for a visa.

Australian travel insurance comparison site Compare the Market AU compared the cost of a passport in various countries to find out which nation has the most valuable passport in the world.

The company looked at 29 passports and compared them based on three metrics: the overall cost to obtain the passport, the value of the passport based on how many years it is valid for, and the value of the passport based on the number of countries the holder can visit without a visa.

They then broke down the most and least expensive passports around the world.

According to their findings, Canada's passport is one of the most expensive on the globe, ranking among the top 10 most expensive passports.

How much is a 10-year passport in Canada?

A 10-year Canadian passport, which is the longest validity for the document that you can choose, costs AU$181.41, according to the research, or CA$160.

This makes Canada's passport the seventh most expensive in the world, right behind Italy's 10-year passport, which costs AU$191.36 (or CA$169).

The Canadian passport is a bit cheaper if you select the 5-year option, which costs CA$120. However, this means that you'd have to renew it again in five years.

This price also may not be the total price you pay for your Canadian passport — you may have to pay additional fees on top of the $160, depending on if you need to replace a lost or stolen passport, if you need urgent or express pickup, need standard pickup at a passport office, or require other administrative services.

If your passport was lost or stolen, expect to pay additional fees of $45-135 for getting a new one. And if you need your passport sooner, you could be looking at a fee of up to $110 on top of the cost of the passport for expedited services.

As for the value of the Canadian passport, Compare the Market AU looked at the cost of the passport versus how many countries it allows holders to access visa-free , using data from the Henley Passport Index.

According to the index , Canada's passport allows citizens to travel to 188 countries visa-free, working out to cost of AU$0.96 per country, or CA$0.85, so Canucks may not be getting the best bang for their buck.

In comparison, the UAE passport, Hungarian five-year passport and Spanish 5 and 10-year passports had the best value for travelling without a visa, at AU$0.15 (CA$0.13), AU$0.17 and AU$0.26, respectively.

Most expensive passports in the world

The most expensive passport in the world was found to be Mexico's 10-year passport, which costs a whopping AU$353.90 (CA$313).

The U.S. passport was also found to be more costly than Canada's, ringing up over US$165, which works out to be CA$226 or AU$255.

Here are the least and most expensive passports globally, according to the research, and their prices in CAD:

Most expensive passports:

• Mexico (10-year-passport), $312.66
• Australia, $305.68
• Mexico (6-year-passport), $178.55
• New Zealand, $171.15
• Italy, $169.06
• Canada, $160
• UK, $140.51
• Mexico (3-year-passport), $131.33
• Fiji, $142.88

Least expensive passports:

• UAE, $23.97
• India, $24.47
• Hungary (5-year-passport), $28.08
• South Africa, $42.80
• Kenya, $43.54
• Spain (for over 30-year-olds), $43.72
• Spain (for under 30-year-olds), $43.72
• Poland, $47.16
• Brazil, $49.11
• Sweden, $52.02

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How to renew US passport in Canada

The U.S. passport is one of the most valuable passports in the world, and it allows you to access multiple countries freely. So, renewing your U.S. passport is an important thing to ensure your international trip. But, what if you are in Canada, do you know how to renew your U.S. passport in Canada?

In Canada, you can either mail your application documents to the right places or visit a nearby embassy or consulate to renew your U.S. passport. This article shares all the related information and guides you through the application process. Check the details below if you are in need.

How to Renew a US Passport in Canada by Mail?

If you want to renew your U.S. passport by mail, here are the details about the eligibility to renew a U.S. passport by mail and application process. 

Eligibility

If you want to mail your passport renewal application, firstly, you should make sure you are eligible to do so.

• You have a previous, undamaged passport.
• You got your passport when you were 16 years old or older.
• You got your passport within the last 15 years.
• You have not changed your name since you got your passport. If so, you need to provide proof.

Application process

If you are eligible to renew your passport via mail, here are the processes.

• Complete the DS-82 Form:

Fill out the DS-82 form as requested. You can use the Form Filter tool to download the form or you can just download it here .. 

Note: There are several things you should pay attention to:

• Sign and date your form.
• Double-sided forms print will not be accepted. Only single-sided paper is acceptable.
• Do not fill out your Canadian Social Insurance Number to substitute for your U.S. Social Security number. 

• Prepare Your Application Package:

You should get all the documents ready to mail:

• Your current passport.
• Completed DS-82 form.
• Passport photo: colored, size of 2×2 inches or 51×51 mm
• Personal check or money order. Payable to the U.S. Department of State. Cash is not acceptable.

Note: If your name has changed after your passport was issued, provide legal documentation of the name change, like a Marriage certificate, Divorce decree, or Court-ordered name change document (If your Canadian divorce decree doesn’t show your maiden name, you’ll need to show another proof of your birth or maiden name. This could be your original or certified birth certificate.)

• Mail Your Application:

Send the application package to the specified address.

Choose Canada Post if you’re in Canada. It is the only one that is able to deliver to the P.O. Box address listed on the DS-82 form.

• Normal routine service:

National Passport Processing Center

Post Office Box 90155

Philadelphia, PA 19190-0155

• Expedited service:

Note: Write “EXPEDITE” on the outside of the mailing envelope: 

Post Office Box 90955

Philadelphia, PA 19190-0955

• Wait for Processing

Once your passport renewal application documents are received, the department will process them. The processing time can vary depending on factors like regular service and expedited service, workload, etc. If it is a regular service, the approximate time is around 6-8 weeks.

• Receive Your New Passport:

Once you are approved, your new passport will be mailed to you to the address that you offered. Once you receive it, make sure that the details on it are correct. Otherwise, you should inform the authority as soon as possible to amend.

How to Renew US Passport in Canada by Appointment?

If you are not eligible to renew your passport by mail, you have an alternative to visit the nearby embassy or consulate. Here are the requirements.

• You got your passport 15 years ago.
• You got your passport when you were not over 16 years old.
• Your passport was stolen and lost and needs replacement.

Here is the step-by-step guide on renewing your passport by appointment:

• Fill Out Form:

Fill out the Form DS-11. Do not sign the form before the embassy or consulate officer lets you.

• Gather Required Documents: 

Before your appointment, ensure you have all the necessary documents. This includes:

• U.S. citizenship papers.
• Your. passport (expired passports are accepted). 
• U.S. birth certificates.
• Photocopy of ID.
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad or Certification of Birth
• Certificate of Naturalization 
• Photocopies of proof of U.S. citizenship with the following requirements:

Photocopies must be: legible, on white 8.5”x11” standard paper, black and white, single-sided

• Any additional documentation required for special circumstances, such as name changes or lost passport.
• Passport photo.

Note: The proof you provide needs to be an original or a certified copy. A certified copy is a document with an official stamp or official mark.

• Contact Your U.S. Embassy or Consulate for Instructions:

After you are ready, contact the embassy or consulate. Take all the required documents with you when you visit the embassy or consulate. 

How to Track My US Passport Status?

You can track the status of your application online using the provided tracking reference number. Enter the request information to check the application status. The information includes:

• Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY)
• Last Four Digits of Social Security Number

Cost to Renew American Passport

The prices can vary for different passport types, and here is a list. 

Note: 

• If you want to use the expedited service, you need to pay an extra $60 to the application fee. 
• Make sure you use personal checks or money orders that draw from U.S. banks and are in U.S. dollars.

US Passport Renewal Processing Time

According to the official website, the processing time of renewing a U.S. passport is about 6-8 weeks for a regular service and 2-3 weeks for an expedited service with an extra $60. However, it depends on the number of applicants, the peak tourist season, and the location of the application. If you are about to renew your passport, you are advised to renew in advance to make sure you have plenty of time to plan your trip.

Where to Submit a US Passport in Canada?

If you need to visit an embassy or consulate to renew your passport, here is a list of the embassy or consulate locations to facilitate your passport renewal.

Can I renew my US passport online?

No. The U.S. passport online renewal is currently paused since March 8, 2023. So, you cannot renew your U.S. passport via an online application. 

Can I hold both a U.S. and Canadian Passport?

Yes. The U.S. and Canada allow dual citizenship. So, you can hold both passports of the two countries. AiPassportPhotos allows you to create 2×2 inch US passport photos , Canadian passport photos with ease. You can check official requirements and submit relevant documents for a smooth application.

Can I enter Canada without a PR Card?

Yes, if you hold a valid U.S. passport, you can enter Canada without a PR Card for up to 6 months. However, you may need to provide your identity papers, travel plans, proof of financial status, or a travel document from IRCC.

So, with all that information given, if you are an American in Canada, it is easy to renew your passport. You can mail your documents to the designated address, or you can choose to visit the nearest embassy or consulate. But, you should make sure that your documents are complete and correct to prevent unexpected situations that may delay your plans. Last, stay up to date with the latest information in case any policies change. 

By Dolores Xiao

I am a content creator and marketer with over 5 years of professional writing experience. I hold a bachelor's degree in communications and have a natural curiosity about technology, as evidenced by my technology blog. As an avid traveler, I draw upon adventures in over 10 countries to inject unique cultural perspectives into my articles and social media campaigns. I thrive on developing engaging content that informs and inspires audiences.

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Top questions about passports.

• How do I check my application status ?
• When should I renew my passport ?
• I’m a dual citizen. Do I need my Canadian passport to return to Canada ?
• Can I renew my passport instead of applying for a new one ?
• What should I do if my passport is lost, damaged or stolen ?
• How do I open your application forms ?

See more questions in the Help Centre

Travelling in general

There isn’t a specific answer to this question. This is because each country has its own entry requirements.

Always check the entry and exit requirements for all countries you’re going to visit before making your plans. Then check your passport to see when it expires. This will tell you whether you need to renew your passport yet.

All countries have their own entry requirements. Read the  travel advisories  to view the entry and exit requirements of each country.

Since these requirements can change, you may also check with the  Government of Canada office  of the country you visit.

You shouldn’t travel with a passport that will expire during your trip or shortly after your planned return. To avoid problems while travelling, you should get a new passport before leaving if your passport could expire around or during your travels.

Some countries won’t allow you to enter if your passport expires shortly after your planned return date. To find out more about entry and exit requirements, consult the:

• travel advisories
• Government of Canada office  of the country you will be visiting

You should make all travel arrangements in the name on your passport.

If the names don't match, you may have problems at border crossings or when boarding flights.

Check with the authorities in the destination country to find out if you need any other documents.

Travelling with children

We strongly recommend that your child carry a consent letter if they’re travelling abroad:

• friends or relatives
• only one parent/guardian

For the purposes of the consent letter, a Canadian child is defined as anyone who is under the age of majority (18 or 19, depending on the province or territory of residence).

Learn more about children travelling abroad and get a  sample consent letter at Travel.gc.ca .

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