journey to jo'burg chapter 1 summary

Journey to Jo’Burg (Essential Modern Classics)

Chapter 1: cover.

Journey to Jo’ burg

Beverley Naidoo was born in South Africa and grew up under apartheid. After arrest and detention without trial, she came to England. She married another exile and was only able to return freely twenty-six years later, after Nelson Mandela’s release from jail. Their two children were brought up in England where she still lives. She goes back to South Africa to stay in touch, especially with young people. A teacher for many years, she has a doctorate in education and a number of honorary degrees.

    Journey to Jo’burg was her first children’s book. It was an eye-opener for readers worldwide, winning awards, but it was banned in South Africa until 1991. In Chain of Fire, No Turning Back and Out of Bounds her young characters face extraordinary challenges. Black and white, they are caught in a society that she describes as ‘more dangerous than any fantasy’. Her many awards include the famous Carnegie Medal and Smarties Silver Medal for The Other Side of Truth about two refugee children smuggled to London who also feature in Web of In Burn My she explores a hidden colonial story of uneasy friendship and betrayal in 1950s Kenya. Her stage play The Playground directed by Olusola Oyeleye at the Polka Theatre, London 2004, was a Time Out ‘Pick of the Year’.

   For younger children, her picture books include Baba’s Gift written with her daughter Maya. In The Great Tug of War she entertains all ages with animal trickster tales that her characters in Journey to Jo’burg would have shared around a night fire.

www.beverleynaidoo.com

Why You’ll Love This Book

By Michael Rosen

The history of children’s books is full of wonderful and extraordinary stories, but it has to be said that a great majority of these are about one tiny, narrow band of the human race: middle-class western European and American people. Of course, our massively popular folk tales talk of peoples struggling to survive – think Hansel and for example – but once novels for children started to be written, the authors tended to write about people like themselves. This is not a complaint – I do it myself! However, when a book comes in front of us that does that rare thing of talking of people with a way of life utterly distant from this western European type, it’s my view that we should celebrate it.

   When Beverley Naidoo wrote Journey to South Africa was a place that had a very special kind of political structure: it was ruled by a white elite that had its origins in two countries – Britain and Holland. So, the two languages of those who ruled were English and a form of Dutch called Afrikaans. There was also a big minority of people of Eastern European Jewish origin, they tended to speak English rather than Afrikaans. But the large majority of people living under this rule came from the many nations of Africans – people like the Tswana and the Zulus – who had been living on the continent of Africa long before the British or Dutch had come to settle and rule there. The system of rule was called an Afrikaans word meaning something like “separateness”. However, this makes Apartheid sound as if it was just a matter of living separately; it was far from it. It meant something much more stark and cruel: the white people of European origin were the only ones who benefited from the system. They invented hundreds of rules that tried to ensure that white people and black people were kept apart. This meant that there were many places – like the best swimming pools, shops, schools and colleges – where black people were not allowed to go. But in the end it was Apartheid itself that fell apart! Nelson Mandela who had fought against the system was released from prison and the black people of South Africa won the right to vote.

   So, Journey to Jo’burg has become a different kind of book. When Beverley wrote it, it was a book that threw light on a problem that was going on at that very moment. I can remember the feeling that teachers, writers and school students had: this was a story about now, and spoke out on behalf of the people suffering in South Africa. We had read, heard or seen musicians, poets and plays that had spoken like this, but we had never thought there could be a children’s book that talked of such things. And yet here it was. For some of us who supported Nelson Mandela and what was called the “Anti-Apartheid” movement, this was very exciting.

   Of course, some people said that children’s books shouldn’t be “political,” or that they shouldn’t “preach” or try to put over a “message”. Well, the only problem with this argument is that one of the most popular children’s books, The Lion, the Witch and the is a very political book and does put over a “message”. What’s more, all through Victorian times, many, many children’s books, comics and magazines put over strong messages about how children should behave. Indeed, lots of popular stories also spoke about how it was right and proper for British people to rule in Africa. So, in some ways, I see Beverley’s book almost as a reply to those kinds of books and magazine stories that I used to read when I was a boy, books that told me that I was civilised and sensible, and African people were dangerous or childish.

   Now Journey to Jo’burg has become what we would call a “historical novel”. It’s about a time and a society that has passed away. So, why bother to read it? Hasn’t that urgency and excitement disappeared? Well, there are several answers to this. First of all, we never tire of hearing about times from the past. This comes to us in all sorts of ways – through finding out about our own families, through history programmes on the TV, books and even films set in past times like Gladiator or And of course we can read books or see films that were, in their day, set in their own time, but are now history – like books by Charles Dickens, plays by Shakespeare and the like. All this suggests to me that most of us like trying to feel and understand what it was like in another time, in another place. Perhaps we want to compare it to how we live now. But what is especially special about Journey to Jo’burg is that it’s not only set in a society that has changed, but that it’s about the people who were the most poor in that society. And another thing: these poor people wouldn’t be “saved” by clever, nice, rich people. They struggled to get something better by themselves.

   There’s another reason why the book is worth reading. Though Apartheid is finished, there are places all over the world where something similar is going on. A group of people rule a country for their own benefit and the poor people have very few rights – there are places they are not allowed to go, or certain kinds of mixing that are not allowed. When Beverley wrote Journey to no one knew if Apartheid would be defeated. When she wrote it, for all she or anyone else knew, the system might last for ten, twenty or a hundred years more. But now, we know that it was defeated, and in its own way, this book helped in that. One thing that the rulers of South Africa hated was people around the world knowing how black African people were living. The book was of course banned in South Africa itself. If anyone tried to bring copies of it into the country, customs people seized and destroyed them. That’s how dangerous it was considered to be!

   So, when we read the book today, we are reminded of the struggles that people had to face in South Africa during an oppressive and unfair system, and that in the end their fight for freedom was successful. But more than that, this book can help us think about other people living in brutal and controlling conditions, and how for them too, we can hope that it won’t last much longer.

Michael Rosen

Michael Rosen is well known as a poet and broadcaster, his work has won numerous awards, including the Nestle Smarties Prize for We’re Going On a Bear He has devoted his life to entertaining children with his writing and performances and to informing teachers, librarians, parents, publishers and government agencies of the importance of supporting children’s books. Michael’s contribution to the world of children’s books was recognised in 2007 when he was appointed the Children’s Laureate.

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Journey to Jo’burg

Section 1: Chapters 1-3

• blunt : having a thick edge or point, not sharp; saying or expressing something in a very direct way that may upset some people
• kilometer : a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters
• reassure : to make someone feel less afraid, upset, or doubtful
• retort : to answer an argument by a counter argument; to answer back sharply
• tap : a plug for a hole; a device consisting or a spout and valve attached to the end of a pipe to control the flow of a fluid, a faucet
• term : a word or phrase that has an exact meaning; the length of time during which a person has an official or political office

Vocabulary Sentences

• While driving around Ireland, we saw a sign indicating that the historic church was 30 kilometers away.
• The President of the United States decided to campaign for a second term in office.
• The school teacher smiled and reassured the students that there would be no pop quiz this week.
• Jan seemed to frequently have a retort when her mother asked her to wash the dishes.
• The tap water left a bad taste in my mouth.

Comprehension Questions

• Granny says the hospital is too far away and they don’t have money to pay a doctor. (pg. 1)
• Naledi and Tiro walk to the village with empty buckets to buy water every day. (pg. 2)
• The children try to avoid looking at the place of graves on their way to the village. (pg. 2)
• Naledi plans to walk to Johannesburg to ask their mother for helpg. (pg. 2)
• The walk to Johannesburg is 300 kilometers. (pg. 2)
• Naledi and Tiro want to avoid the police because they didn’t have a pass. (pg. 8)
• Naledi and Tiro could have been shot by the farmer if he had caught them taking the orange. (pg. 11)
• A boy from the farm takes the children to a shed to sleep in and also gives them some food. (pg. 14)
• Naledi and Tiro bury the orange peels in the dirt in order to hide the fact that they have eaten oranges. (pg. 14)
• The boys give Naledi and Tiro a little pap to eat. (pg.14)
• “Sala sentle” means stay well, and “Tsamaya settle” means go well. Both are expressions of farewell in the Tswana language. (pg. 77)

Section 2: Chapters 4-7

• heave : to lift, pull, or throw something with effort; to breathe in and out in a slow or loud way
• inconvenient : causing trouble or problems; not convenient
• lorry : a large, heavy motor vehicle for transporting goods or troops; a truck
• pavement : the hard surface of a road, driveway, etc.
• steer : an ox less than four years old; to be moved or guided in a particular direction or along a particular course
• windscreen : a screen that protects against the wind; British term for windshield
• Marty heaved a sigh of relief after reading the acceptance letter from the university.
• It was inconvenient for Amy to take her sister to school, since she was already late for her dental appointment.
• Mia’s feet burned as she ran across the hot pavement .
• The lorry broke down in the middle of the road and caused a huge traffic jam.
• The dirty windscreen made it difficult to see the road clearly.
• Naledi and Tiro have their first ride in a truck on the second day of their journey. (pg. 19)
• As the children get closer to Joannesburg, the land is no longer flat but has mountains with steep rocks and crags. (pg. 19-20)
• The children hope to find their Mma in Parktown. (pg. 20)
• Mma works so far from home so that she can pay to send them to school. (pg. 20)
• The children act oddly because their father worked in a mine, got a coughing sickness, and then died there. (pg. 22)
• The truck driver gives them money and shows them where to catch the bus. (pg. 23)
• The children make the mistake of trying to get on a bus that is only for white people. (pg. 25-26)
• The children have not thought about their little sister all day because so much had happened all day. (pg. 28)
• Mma can’t leave for home immediately because she needs to stay with Belinda so Madam and the Master can go to a dinner party. (pg. 30-32)
• Naledi notices Mama uses tin plates and mugs for them to use, instead of the glistening plates and delicate glasses. (pg. 32-33)
• The Madam says the children can’t spend the night in Parktown because the police won’t like it. (pg. 33)

Section 3: Chapters 8-11

• carriage : a large vehicle with four wheels that is pulled by a horse and also carries people; a separate section of a train
• dustbin : a can for trash or garbage
• freedom : the quality or state of being free; liberation from slavery or restraint from the power of another
• hurl : to throw something with force; to say or should an insult in a loud and forceful way
• rubbish : things that are no longer useful or wanted and have been thrown out; words or ideas that are foolish or untrue; something that is worthless, unimportant, or of poor quality
• surge : to move very quickly and suddenly in a particular direction
• Ivan loved to hurl snowballs at his big brother.
• Jade was thrilled to find her lost earring after mistakenly sweeping it into the dustbin.
• William thought his essay was rubbish since he did not get the top grade in the class.
• The American flag is a beautiful symbol of freedom.
• Lola felt a surge of excitement and fear as she waited in line for the giant roller coaster.
• The children become separated from Grace when they are pushed out by a crowd of people getting off the train. (pg. 36)
• There is a pass raid by the police and people begin running away from the police. (pg. 37)
• The children go to the man’s house and his son runs to take the pass to him. (pg. 39-40)
• The boy threatens to burn the pass one day. (pg. 40)
• Jonas and Paul are curious about where Naledi and Tiro are from because they have never been anywhere except Johannesburg. (pg. 43)
• Grace’s older brother Dumi was picked up by the police in 1976, when students were marching and the place was on fire. (pg. 44)
• Grace called the student demonstration a “time of fire.” (pg. 45)
• The police began shooting and killing whoever was in their way. (pg. 46)
• Dumi was studying in another country and he was planning to come back in order to fight for freedom. (pg. 46-48)
• Naledi and Tiro hope to see the orange farm where they had spent the night. (pg. 51)
• Mma becomes quiet and is thinking about how to respond to Naledi’s question about the student demonstration in Soweto. (pg. 52)

Section 4: Chapters 12-15

• anxious : causing or showing fear or nervousness
• banknote : a promissory note issued by a bank payable to bearer on demand without interest and acceptable as money
• cluster : a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; to be or come into a cluster or close group; congregate
• corridor : a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms
• queue : a line or sequence of people or vehicles awaiting their turn to be attended to or to proceed
• vague : not clearly expressed; stated in indefinite terms
• veranda : a roofed platform along the outside of a house, level with the ground floor; a porch
• Omar began to feel anxious about the spelling test since he had not taken much time to study for it.
• Ellie enjoyed sitting on the veranda with her grandmother, just chatting and sipping ice tea.
• George gave his mother a vague response when she asked how his day at school went.
• A cluster of homes had been severely damaged by the horrific storm.
• Jill walked down the long hospital corridor before meeting her new baby sister.
• Naledi assumes her mother has borrowed money when she sees the banknotes in her hand. (pg. 56)
• When Mma and Naledi arrive at the hospital, they see people sitting and lying around the buildings, and a queue of patients lined up to see a woman at the desk. (pg. 58)
• Naledi realizes that there are even more people waiting for help inside the hospital. (pg. 59)
• Mma and the young mother think their babies need more milk. (pg. 60)
• Mma and Naledi share their food with the young mother. (pg. 63)
• Naledi witnesses the young mother sobbing because her baby had died. (pg. 63)
• Naledi encourages her mother by linking arms with her, letting her know that at least they have each other. (pg. 64)
• In normal circumstances, a visit from Mma was filled with hugs, presents, and Mma helping Nono and listening to the children’s stories. (pg. 66-67)
• Mma has to return to the city as soon as Dineo is home from the hospital because she is losing pay. (pg. 70)
• Naledi can’t imagine Grace crying, and also remembers that Grace has to look after her younger brothers and the house by herself most of the time. (pg. 71)
• Naledi realizes that all her school lessons have been about how to be a good servant, but she wants to become a doctor. (pg. 72)

Resources you can trust

Chapters 1 to 3

A handy one page worksheet with summary activities on Chapters 1-3 of Journey to Jo'burg  by Beverley Naidoo.  Tasks on Chapters 1 and 2 have sentence starters provided before students write their own summary for Chapter 3.

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Journey to Jo’burg

The sun rose higher. on they walked. the heat sank into them and they felt the sweat on their bodies. on they walked. alone again….

Another baby has died in the village and Naledi knows that her little sister Dineo might die too. But what can she do? Their grandmother has no money and there are no doctors in their village. So Naledi makes up her mind. She will have to get Mma who works more than 300 kilometres away in Johannesburg. The only way to let her know was to get to the big road and walk. So Naledi and her brother Tiro did just that…

Banned by the apartheid government in South Africa, this is the story of two children’s courage and determination to find their mother and bring her home.

Beverley Naidoo writes: When I sent two copies of my first children’s book to nephews and nieces in South Africa in 1985, they never received the parcel. Instead, my sister-in-law received a letter telling her that the books had been seized and banned . However Journey to Jo’burg soon found its way into many different countries, in English and in translations, so that hundreds of thousands of children elsewhere were soon reading it. It was only after the release of Nelson Mandela from jail that the book was unbanned.

…the more searing for its gentleness. – The Guardian, UK

…so simple and straightforward that it makes accessible even to quite young children the difficult and the profound. –Times Educational Supplement, UK

… with a wealth to share, this well-written piece has no equal. –(Starred review) School Library Journal, USA

A provocative, eloquent story about the human spirit. –Publishers Weekly, USA

Some earlier covers

• Children of the Stone City
• Journey to Jo’Burg
• Chain of Fire
• No Turning Back
• The Other Side of Truth
• Web of Lies
• Burn My Heart
• Cinderella of the Nile
• Who is King?
• Aesop’s Fables
• S is for South Africa
• Baba’s Gift
• The Letang and Julie series
• Where is Zami?
• Out of Bounds
• Call of the Deep
• The Great Tug of War
• Global Tales
• Free as I know
• Death of an Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett
• Through Whose Eyes?
• Censoring Reality
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• Contributions
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TEACHING RESOURCES

Journey to jo'burg by beverley naidoo 9-11.

Journey to Jo'burg gives the reader a glimpse into the life of a young black girl in South Africa under Apartheid.  The book follows siblings, Naledi and her younger brother, Tiro on a journey to try and save their family.  Their journey opens their eyes to the world around them. 

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Reading Skills (6 lessons) KS2- Journey to Jo'Burg

Subject: English

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

31 May 2019

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This is a series of six lessons (including PP and worksheets) on Journey to Jo’Burg by Beverley Naidoo that focuses on different areas of the UKS2 N.C for Reading following CPD training on how to teach the N.C objectives whilst promoting a love reading. The N.C focus areas are:

• To make predictions from details that have been stated and implied
• To make inferences from a text
• To summarise the main ideas from a text
• To give the meaning of words in context
• To show understanding through intonation, tone, volume and action
• To make comparisons within a text

This series includes extracts from Journey to Jo’Burg as well as samples from other books such as Wolf Brother, A Spoonful of Murder, The Wolf Wilder, The Chocolate Factory Ghost and Shadow for children to enjoy.

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Book Review

Journey to jo’burg: a south african story.

• Beverly Naidoo
• Coming-of-Age , Drama , Historical

Readability Age Range

• HarperCollins
• Josette Frank Award (Bank Street Children's Book Award), 1986; New York Public Library's "One Hundred Titles for Reading and Sharing"

Year Published

This book has been reviewed by Focus on the Family’s marriage and parenting magazine .

Plot Summary

Thirteen-year-old Naledi lives with Nono (her grandmother), Tiro (her brother), and Dineo (her baby sister) in a small South African village 300 kilometers from Johannesburg. After her father’s death, her mother, Mma, has had to work in Johannesburg for money for the family.

One day, Dineo becomes sick. Naledi is afraid Dineo is dying. Nono and Mmangwane (her aunt) try to help Dineo, but nothing works. Naledi coerces her 9-year-old brother to walk to Johannesburg with her to tell Mma.

Before they leave, Naledi’s friend Poleng gives them sweet potatoes to eat on their trip. She also agrees to tell Nono where they’ve gone once they’re safely away. Naledi and Tiro don’t want Nono and Mmangwane to be angry with them or keep them from going.

The siblings walk alongside a lesser-traveled road. When they come to another village, they walk quickly so as to not attract the attention of the police because policemen in this area are often corrupt.

Outside of the village, they meet a boy who works in an orange orchard. He lets them eat a few oranges and hides them in a shed for the night. They leave early the next morning so as not to anger the orchard’s owner.

The next day, a driver with oranges in his truck gives them a ride to Johannesburg. He also gives them money to take a bus to the area where their mother works. After accidentally trying to board a whites-only bus, the siblings find the right bus and meet a young woman named Grace.

Grace helps them find their mother’s workplace and offers them a place to spend the night in Soweto. When Naledi and Tiro find their mother, they learn she is a maid for a wealthy white family. Their mother is able to get time off, beginning the next day, to take her children home and help Dineo.

That night, Naledi and Tiro travel toward Grace’s home by train. At one stop, the kids are pushed off the train by the exiting crowd and are separated from Grace. On the train platform, there is a surprise pass raid by the police. Adults without passes are taken to jail. Naledi and Tiro are not arrested because they are not yet 16, the age when a pass is needed. Soon after, Grace finds them, and the three complete their journey to Soweto.

At Grace’s house in Soweto, Naledi learns about the Soweto riots. Thousands of school children demonstrated against what they were being taught in their schools. Their subjects were cleaning, washing, cooking and gardening. Their schools trained them to be servants. When they demonstrated, the police shot many of them. Some died, some were wounded, and some were arrested. There also was tear gas, and many public buildings were burned. Grace’s brother eventually left South Africa for an education. He hopes to return to fight for their freedom.

The next day, Naledi and Tiro travel with Mma by train to their village. At Naledi’s asking, Mma tells how hard her life is. Once in the village, Nono watches Tiro, and Mma and Naledi take Dineo to the hospital. They must wait all day to see the doctor. After Dineo is kept in the hospital for three days, Mma is able to take her home.

The next day, Mma must return to Johannesburg to work for all the money she just spent. Meanwhile, Naledi realizes that she wants to be more than someone’s servant. She wants to be a doctor and intends to take steps toward a better future.

Christian Beliefs

Other belief systems, authority roles.

Nono and Mmangwane watch and care for Naledi and Tiro. They do everything they know how to do to keep Dineo alive. Nono was the caretaker for Naledi and Tiro, but they didn’t tell her about their travel plans. They thought she would be cross with them. It is apparent she loves her grandchildren though, through the worry on her face when Naledi and Tiro return and her relief when Dineo is healed. Mma is kind and loving. She does not like being away from her children but must work in Johannesburg to provide money for food, clothing and an education after their father died. Their father, when he was alive, only visited the family once a year because he worked in the mines. Both the truck driver and Grace take responsibility for the children’s well being once they come in contact with them.

Profanity & Violence

Although not graphic, descriptions are given about schoolchildren who were beaten, shot and tear gassed, and a few who died in Soweto.

Sexual Content

Discussion topics.

Get free discussion questions for this book and others, at FocusOnTheFamily.com/discuss-books .

Additional Comments

Racism: South Africa, at this time, had a system set up through legislation to keep its society racially segregated. The majority of people in South Africa were black, but they were treated as second-rate citizens who couldn’t aspire to more than being the servants of those in power.

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