la tour eiffel who made it

Eiffel Tower: Information & Facts

Whether you're lucky enough to have visited Paris or have only ever dreamed of going there, chances are you know of the French capital's most beloved landmark: the Eiffel Tower.

The Eiffel Tower, La Tour Eiffel in French, was the main exhibit of the Paris Exposition — or World's Fair — of 1889. It was constructed to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution and to demonstrate France's industrial prowess to the world. 

"Although at the beginning it was seen as 'the ugliest building in Paris,' soon it became the symbol of the city," said Tea Gudek Snajdar, an Amsterdam-based art historian, museum docent and a blogger at Culture Tourist . 

World's Fair centerpiece

Gustave Eiffel, a French civil engineer , is usually credited with designing the tower that bears his name. However, it was actually two lesser-known men, Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who came up with the original drawings for the monument.  

Kochlin and Nouguier were the chief engineers for the Compagnie des Etablissements Eiffel — Gustave Eiffel's engineering firm. Together with Eiffel and a French architect, Stephen Sauvestre, the engineers submitted their plans to a contest that would determine the centerpiece for the 1889 World's Fair in Paris.

The Eiffel company's design won, and construction of the wrought-iron tower began in July 1887. But not everyone in Paris was thrilled with the idea of a giant metal monument looming over the city. 

Even to contemporary eyes, the Eiffel Tower is unique. But in the late 19th century, nothing had been seen like it. "Modern architecture was emerging slightly in Paris before the Eiffel Tower. But it was doing it in a very shy way," said Gudek Snajdar. Iron, which was newly popular as a building material because of the Industrial Revolution, became a cornerstone of modern architecture. But in 1887, it had only appeared internally, as support structures, or in unimportant buildings like hothouses, factories and bridges. 

"The biggest problem was that they still didn't know how to make something aesthetically appealing with the new material. When they were using it, they would try to repeat historic stone structures. It's very visible on — for example, pillars in the Bibliotheque Ste.-Genevieve in Paris," explained Gudek Snajdar. "However, with the Eiffel Tower they changed completely the way they were using the new material. The structure, its appearance is completely new and modern."

When construction of the tower began on the Champs de Mars, a group of 300 artists, sculptors, writers and architects sent a petition to the commissioner of the Paris Exposition, pleading him to halt construction of the "ridiculous tower" that would dominate Paris like a "gigantic black smokestack."

But the protests of Paris' artistic community fell on deaf ears. Construction of the tower was completed in just over two years, on March 31, 1889. 

Construction of the Eiffel Tower

Each of the 18,000 pieces used to build the tower was calculated specifically for the project and prepared in Eiffel's factory on the outskirts of Paris. The wrought-iron structure is composed of four immense arched legs, set on masonry piers that curve inward until joining in a single, tapered tower.

Building the tower required 2.5 million thermally assembled rivets and 7,300 tons of iron. To protect the tower from the elements, workers painted every inch of the structure, a feat that required 60 tons of paint. The tower has since been repainted 18 times.

Eiffel Tower fun facts

• Gustave Eiffel used latticed wrought iron to construct the tower to demonstrate that the metal could be as strong as stone while being lighter.
• Eiffel also created the internal frame for the Statue of Liberty.
• Construction of the Eiffel Tower cost 7,799,401.31 French gold francs in 1889, or about $1.5 million.
• The Eiffel Tower is 1,063 feet (324 meters) tall, including the antenna at the top. Without the antenna, it is 984 feet (300 m).
• It was the world's tallest structure until the Chrysler Building was built in New York in 1930.
• The tower was built to sway slightly in the wind, but the sun affects the tower more. As the sun-facing side of the tower heats up, the top moves as much as 7 inches (18 centimeters) away from the sun.
• The sun also causes the tower to grow about 6 inches.
• The Eiffel Tower weighs 10,000 tons.
• There are 5 billion lights on the Eiffel Tower.
• The French have a nickname for the tower: La Dame de Fer , "the Iron Lady."
• The first platform is 190 feet above the ground; the second platform is 376 feet, and the third platform is almost 900 feet up.
• The Eiffel Tower has 108 stories, with 1,710 steps. However, visitors can only climb stairs to the first platform. There are two elevators.
• One elevator travels a total distance of 64,001 miles (103,000 kilometers) a year.

A hallmark of modern architecture

The Eiffel Tower is unquestionably modern in its shape, which is distinct from the Neo-Gothic, Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque styles that were popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, according to Gudek Snajdar. But its material truly made it stand out. 

"The Eiffel Tower was one of the first examples of the modern architecture because of the iron," said Gudek Snajdar. "And the fact that the building didn't have any purpose in particular." It existed purely to demonstrate French architectural creativity and skill with materials to the world; it was imbued with meaning but not utility.

The Eiffel Tower is also a more democratic, and therefore modern, structure than other monuments of the time, according to Gudek Snajdar. Gustave Eiffel insisted that elevators be included in the tower, but they had to be imported from an American company because no French company could meet the quality standards, Gudek Snajdar said. "Because of the escalators, the building could be used as a tower from which Parisians and their visitors could enjoy a view on their city. That was something that was before only accessible to a few wealthy people that could afford flying in a hot air balloon. But now, it was rather cheap and anyone could enjoy the view on a city from it," she explained. 

"That's why it's a great example of a modern architecture. It's democratic and not only available to a few of a wealthy people. But people of a different social background could use it and enjoy it."

Uses of the tower

The tower was intended as a temporary structure that was to be removed after 20 years. But as time passed, people no longer wanted to see the tower go. 

"After seeing the success of the tower during and after the World Exhibition, many of the former enemies of the project publicly apologized. By the time the Exhibition was over, most Parisians were proud of the structure," said Iva Polansky, a Calgary-based novelist and historian at Victorian Paris . "Although there remained a few die-hards like the novelist Guy de Maupassant, who continued to loathe the sight of it."

Gustave Eiffel was also not keen on seeing his favorite project dismantled, and so he set about making the tower an indispensable tool for the scientific community.

Just days after its opening, Eiffel installed a meteorology laboratory on the third floor of the tower. He invited scientists to use the lab for their studies on everything from gravity to electricity. Ultimately, however, it was the tower's looming height, not its laboratory, that saved it from extinction. 

In 1910, the city of Paris renewed Eiffel's concession for the tower because of the structure's usefulness as a wireless telegraph transmitter. The French military used the tower to communicate wirelessly with ships in the Atlantic Ocean and intercept enemy messages during World War I . 

The tower is still home to more than 120 antennas, broadcasting both radio and television signals throughout the capital city and beyond.

The tower today

The Eiffel Tower is still the centerpiece of Paris' cityscape. More than 7 million people visit this iconic tower every year, according to the attraction's official website . Since the tower's 1889 opening, 250 million people from around the world have enjoyed all that the Eiffel Tower has to offer.

And it has a lot to offer. The tower's three platforms are home to two restaurants, several buffets, a banquet hall, a champagne bar and many unique gift shops. Educational tours of the tower are available for children and tourist groups.

The tower is open to visitors 365 days a year, with visiting times varying by season. From June to September, the tower remains open until after midnight. Rates vary, but visitors can expect to pay between $13 (10 euros) and $19 (14.5 euros) per person for access to the tower's three public lifts and 704 stairs. Tickets, including group-discounted tickets, can be purchased online or at the ticket office at the foot of the tower.

The Eiffel Tower "provided Paris with the most distinguishable silhouette," said Polansky. Its distinct look has made it an enduring symbol of Paris. 

But according to Gudek Snajdar, more than just its striking shape makes it an icon of the city. "Paris was a center of modern art and painting at the time [late 1800s], home to democracy, and hosting the first world exhibition," she said. "It was meant to be a birthplace of modern architecture, too."

Additional reporting by Jessie Szalay, Live Science contributor.

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Elizabeth is a former Live Science associate editor and current director of audience development at the Chamber of Commerce. She graduated with a bachelor of arts degree from George Washington University. Elizabeth has traveled throughout the Americas, studying political systems and indigenous cultures and teaching English to students of all ages.

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12 Interesting Facts and Secrets About the Eiffel Tower

Explore the history, science, and secrets of Paris' most famous landmark.

The Eiffel Tower — or, la Tour Eiffel — has long been one of the world's most recognizable landmarks, symbolizing the romance and ingenuity of the City of Light . 

Designed as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair, the Tower was meant to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution and to show off France's modern industrial prowess on a world stage. 

And that it did. The tower's construction, finished after two years, two months, and five days, was considered a marvel of precision and speed. Gustave Eiffel's civil engineering firm used 7,300 tons of iron and 2.5 million rivets , and the result stood triumphant over the Champs de Mars, receiving more than two million visitors during the fair. 

The Tower’s now-famous silhouette has been  emulated around the world  in places like Las Vegas, Prague, Tianducheng, China, and, of course, Paris, Texas. The design wasn’t without its detractors , however — a "Protest against the Tower of Monsieur Eiffel,” signed by the likes of Guy de Maupassant, Alexandre Dumas fils , and other well-known artists, was published in the newspaper Le Temps before the project’s completion. The letter argued that the tower would be “a gigantic black factory chimney, its barbarous mass overwhelming and humiliating all our monuments and belittling our works of architecture, which will just disappear before this stupefying folly.”

In defiance of such protests, the Eiffel Tower did see the light of day and has stood the test of time. It remains one of the most visited monuments in the world, welcoming almost seven million visitors a year and more than 300 million people since its debut. It has changed over the years, with the addition of lighting, fresh coats of paint, and numerous installations that have come and gone. 

And there’s still more to this landmark than meets the eye. Despite the incredible number of people who have visited since it opened, La Dame de Fer still has a few secrets to share.  

There’s a penthouse apartment at the top.

Gustave Eiffel reserved the uppermost level of the tower for himself, where he hosted famous guests like Thomas Edison in a private apartment that he designed. The space has since been transformed into a recreation of Eiffel's office, complete with wax figures of himself, his daughter, and Edison, and it's open for the public to tour.

Gustave Eiffel didn’t design the tower.

While the tower is named for Eiffel, it was actually Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier — two engineers who worked for his company — who designed the structure. They also commissioned French architect Stephen Sauvestre to work on the appearance of the project in order to quell public concerns about the harsh, utilitarian nature of the original design. They ultimately beat out more than 100 other projects in a contest to choose the main attraction of the World's Fair.  

The Eiffel Tower was supposed to be torn down after 20 years.

The tower was built with the intent of showing off France's industrial prowess during the World's Fair, but the plan was to tear it down after 20 years. However, Eiffel cleverly put a radio antenna and wireless telegraph transmitter in the tower. After proving radio’s usefulness to the government in 1910, Eiffel was granted a 70-year extension to his lease. By 1980, of course, the tower had become an indelible symbol of both Paris and France, and it was in no danger of demolition.

The Eiffel Tower was almost destroyed during World War II.

In August 1944, as the Nazis were losing control of occupied Paris, Adolf Hitler commanded his generals to level the city. Plans were drawn up to mine the Eiffel Tower with explosives. Thankfully, Allied troops swooped in before the order could be carried out. Subsequent air raids over Paris caused significant damage, but the Eiffel Tower survived the war intact.

The Eiffel Tower is a cousin of sorts to the Statue of Liberty.

As sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi was designing “Liberty Enlightening the World”, he called upon his mentor, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, to design the statue’s internal framework. After Viollet-le-Duc died in 1879, Bartholdi turned to Eiffel and Koechlin. They proved their iron expertise with Lady Liberty before moving on to the Iron Lady.

The Eiffel Tower has been home to both a post office and a theater. 

The tower has been home to several businesses throughout the years, many of which are now gone. These include the newspaper “Le Figaro”, which had an office on the second floor for six months during the 1889 World's Fair, a post office tucked into the first floor, and a wooden theater on the first floor designed by Sauvestre. 

Gim42/Getty Images

The Eiffel Tower doubled as a scientific laboratory.

Eiffel, an avid scientist, housed a meteorology lab on the tower's third floor. He was known to perform studies in physics and aerodynamics there, even building a wind tunnel at the foot of the structure. Eiffel opened the doors of the laboratory for other scientists to use for their experiments as well.

The Eiffel Tower moves.

The massive iron structure is wind resistant and will sway during a storm. Wind isn't the only thing that can make the enormous tower move, though — the heat of the sun causes the iron to expand , making the Tower grow a few centimeters during the summer months. The tower will also lean an average of six inches away from the sun, as the one side facing the direct light heats up faster than the other three sides.

The Eiffel Tower is covered in the names of scientists.

The names of French scientists and engineers working in the 19th century were not forgotten by history — not only are they attached to several Parisian streets, but 72 of them are also engraved on the Eiffel Tower. The tributes were painted over in the early 20th century, but thanks to a restoration effort in the late 1980s, they are once again visible. Eagle-eyed visitors can see names like Foucault, Dumas, and Perrier cut into the iron surrounding the tower's first floor.

It takes a lot of work to keep the Eiffel Tower looking good.

Every seven years, workers apply around 60 tons of paint to the tower. This not only keeps La Dame de Fer looking good, but it also helps keep the iron from rusting.

The Eiffel Tower’s sparkling lights are copyrighted art. 

The Tower’s first light show coincided with the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in 1925. Automaker Andre Citröen financed a 200,000-bulb show that featured a shower of stars, alternating Zodiac symbols, comets, and (naturally) his car brand’s name at the finale. Another show, featuring 336 yellow-orange spotlights, came sixty years later , but the now-famous sparkling light show, consisting of 20,000 bulbs, first lit up the night sky New Year’s Eve 1999 to ring in the new millennium. While the Tower itself is in the public domain , its illumination is protected by copyright under French law . However, don’t call your lawyer just yet — this only applies to pictures taken for professional use. You’re free to share any personal pictures of the Eiffel Tower and its lights as you please.  

There’s a Champagne bar at the top.

If you're brave enough to climb the stairs to the top of the tower, reward yourself with a glass of Champagne from the Champagne Bar . There's nothing like a glass of bubbly with a spectacular view.

No matter the destination, Travel + Leisure GO can turn your vacation dreams into reality. With nearly endless reservation options to fly or stay, book your next getaway — near or far — at Travel + Leisure GO .

Lawless French à fond

La tour Eiffel

Symbole de paris, voire de la france.

It's impossible to imagine the Parisian skyline without the Eiffel Tower - or to believe that it was once considered an eyesore.

My first visit to Paris was in 1989. Nowadays, there are elaborate light shows and fireworks for any number of events, including the annual Octobre rose illumination in support of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. But I loved my first IRL view of the tower dressed up to celebrate its centennial, with 100 ans spelled out in simple lights .

Today’s issue of Lawless French à fond takes an in-depth look at the Eiffel Tower - its original purpose, lots of facts and figures, and how to visit, whether actually or virtually.

Table of Contents

Announcement

La construction de la tour Eiffel 🏗️ Video about Gustave Eiffel's vision and how he made it happen.

La tour Eiffel Go back in time to discover the origins of this perfect symbol of Paris.

Tour Eiffel Behind the scenes with an Eiffel Tower employee.

À quoi sert la tour Eiffel ❓ Animated answer to this question from a kid, from the always delightful 1 jour, 1 question .

Comment la science a sauvé la tour Eiffel How Gustave Eiffel saved his tower from its planned destruction.

Le monument

Histoire, chiffres clés, illuminations, peintures : découvrez tous les secrets du monument le plus iconique du monde. (Site officiel de la tour Eiffel)

La Dame de fer : le surnom de la tour Eiffel

This article from the official site is particularly interesting - it discusses a variety of names that were temporarily attached to the Eiffel Tower before its official name and most common nickname were established.

On the first floor of the Eiffel Tower

Practice your French translation skills with this A2-level writing exercise.

Do you know about the Eiffel Tower? (10 questions, ProProfs Quizzes)

Eiffel Tower (10 questions, QuipoQuiz)

Eiffel Tower (18 questions, Quiz Trivia Games)

Eiffel Tower Quiz (12 questions, Mon Grand-Est )

How well do you know the Eiffel Tower? (podcast + 10 questions, The Earful Tower)

Travel French ✈️

From buying plane tickets to making hotel reservations, find all the vocab and phrases you need to get to and around Paris.

8 Symbols of France

Learn about the flag, national anthem, and other icons of la République française .

Lesson Plans

If you're a teacher, take a look at these Eiffel-themed exercises from LessonPlanet (10-day free trial) .

International Festival: France 🎆

Cross-curriculum social studies lesson for K-2nd grade, featuring the book Madeline , French word association, landmark identification, and charades.

Where in the World Is Mrs. Waffenschmidt? 🔎

6th-8th graders use deductive reasoning to figure out where she is and also to name a famous author from that country.

La tour Eiffel - A History ✍️

Worksheet to spark a discussion or an essay for 9th - 11th graders.

Convinced that you need to (re)visit the Eiffel Tower? Check out these options to plan the perfect visit.

Visite virtuelle

If a real-life visit isn't in the cards, enjoy this 360° virtual visit.

💗 Announcement

Thanks for reading Lawless French à fond - see you in two 3️ weeks!

While I truly love creating these deep dives for you and have dozens of ideas for future topics , each issue Lawless French à fond takes a great deal of time to put together. So I've decided to cut back from every other week to every three weeks.

Want to support my work? Buy me a coffee :

📧 Partagez !

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Ready for more?

The Palais de Chaillot dates from the International Exposition of 1937 and is a period piece of between wars, timid-modern style. It replaces a structure of tepid Moorish sympathies left over from the 1878 International Exposition. Earlier in the 19th century, after demolition of the Convent of the Visitation, the top of this 230-foot (65 metre) hill had been leveled for the construction of a palace (never built) for the King of Rome, son of the emperor Napoleon.

The Palais is made of two separate pavilions, each of which sprouts a curved wing. The Musée de l'Homme (Museum of Man), the Musée de la Marine, and the Musée des Monuments Français (Museum of French Monuments) are located there. Under the terrace which separates the two sections are two theatres, the variable-formation (1,500 to 3,000 seats) National Popular Theatre (TNP) and a small hall that serves as one of the two cinemas of the National Film Library (Cinémathèque Française).

Behind the Ecole Militaire, which was designed by Gabriel, architect of the Place de la Concorde, stands the Y-shaped headquarters of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. The building, erected in 1958, was designed by an international trio of architects and decorated by artists of member nations.

The Eiffel Tower

• Georges Seurat

* As an Amazon Associate, and partner with Google Adsense and Ezoic, I earn from qualifying purchases.

The Eiffel Tower by Georges Seurat was painted in 1889 as oil on wood panel and is typical of his French Post-Impressionist style.

The painting of arguably France's most famous landmark is created using tiny and precise dots and paint strokes in order to create a dreamy yet accurate portrayal of the Eiffel Tower.

Georges Seurat utilised precise geometric dimensions in order to then be able to play so artfully with colour and technique. The colours are vivid and bright, with the top of the Eiffel Tower disappearing dreamily into the clouds above.

As an artist, Georges Seurat was famous for his use of colour, and he pioneered a technique called Pointillism, which meant using a collection of small dots in order to create a large and easily recognisable image.

Pointillism was very much influenced by the techniques of Impressionism and helps to trick the viewer's eye into blurring together all of these tiny dots and delicate brushwork into a fuller, more defined image. The technique was at first mocked by critics, but has seen go on to find worldwide respect and acclaim both inside and outside of the artworld itself.

The Eiffel Tower was always a great point of interest for Georges Seurat, himself a Parisian native, and he began his art studies at the famous Ecole Municipale de Sculpture et Dessin. This initial training helped to cement Georges Seurat's interest in contrasts, taking inspiration from the classics and Old Masters in order to shape his own techniques, of which The Eiffel Tower is of course a great example.

He was also greatly inspired by the artist Eugene Delacroix, who was also renowned for his use of colour. As Georges Seurat began to grow as an artist in his own right, he pulled away from Impressionism and focused more of his time using his own Pointillism techniques. During this time, Georges Seurat also went on to set up the artistic group, Le Société des Artistes Independants, in order to further the cultivation of new ideas between fellow artists of a similar mindset, including Henri-Edmond Cross and Paul Signac.

As with The Eiffel Tower by Georges Seurat, the artist often drew inspiration from the world and sights around him, with other well-known paintings including Bathers at Asnieres and A Sunday afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte. The Eiffel Tower by Georges Seurat was painted towards the end of his career and currently hangs in the California Palace of the Legion of Honor in San Francisco.

Article Author

Tom Gurney in an art history expert. He received a BSc (Hons) degree from Salford University, UK, and has also studied famous artists and art movements for over 20 years. Tom has also published a number of books related to art history and continues to contribute to a number of different art websites. You can read more on Tom Gurney here.

• The Official Eiffel Tower Website

The Eiffel Tower continues its brand development

Le lissier x eiffel tower sneakers released on 22 september.

After its partnership with Maison Pierre Hermé, the Eiffel Tower is accelerating the development of its brand, launched in 2021. As well as creating its own products, the monument is continuing to build collaborations with brands that are icons of the French art of living and know-how.  After paying tribute to traditional craftsmanship this summer through the creation of an exclusive plate with La Faïencerie Georges, the Eiffel Tower is now working with the Le Lissier brand to showcase young French creativity.   Introducing up-and-coming brands to as wide an audience as possible is one of the objectives of the collaborations by the Eiffel Tower brand. By combining a partner brand’s expertise with the monument’s history, these collaborations give rise to unique creations, helping to capture the monument in the modern day and shine a spotlight on French craftsmanship.

22 September: release of Le Lissier x Eiffel Tower sneakers

Le Lissier is a French brand specialized in making sneakers out of “reused” fabrics. They re cycle materials to create new products without generating additional waste. As part of this carefully considered approach, the Eiffel Tower brand has joined forces with Le Lissier, offering them the opportunity to design sneakers using the curtains that have decorated Gustave Eiffel’s office since the 1980s. 

This space is located at the top of the Tower, and is a historic r econstruction of Gustave Eiffel’s real apartment. It features realistic wax figures that can be seen by visitors through a window, representing the brilliant engineer and his daughter Claire, receiving a visit from the famous American inventor, Thomas Edison. The curtains needed to be replaced and have found a second life as ocher sneakers with touches of gold, complemented by a white fabric thrifted by Le Lissier from a Parisian warehouse and decorated with details like the eyelets evoking the Tower’s structure.  

Available from 22 September in a limited run, the sneakers are displayed in the boutique of the monument’s first floor and can be purchased on the Le Lissier website: http://www.lelissier-paris.com&nbsp ;  

Faïencerie Georges: traditional know-how encounters the Tower’s history

Last July, La Faïencerie Georges immortalized the moment that the Iron Lady reached 1,083 feet with the co-creation of an exclusive plate. This delicate piece, made with artisanal methods in the brand’s workshops in Nevers (Nièvre), represents a freehand drawing of the historic scene from March 15, 2022 : the heli-lift of a new 20-foot radio antenna , placed at the top of the Tower to broadcast terrestrial digital radio (DAB+ or Digital Audio Broadcasting).

Available in a limited run, the Eiffel Tower plate is displayed in the boutique of the monument’s first floor and can be purchased on the brand’s website www.faienceriegeorges.com&nbsp ;  

The Eiffel Tower brand in numbers

•    2021: brand launched  •    7 boutiques at the monument •    19 products developed by the brand itself •    6 brand collaborations: Pierre Hermé, Valet de Pique, Piece & Love, Kerzon, Faïencerie Georges, Le Lissier  

About Société d’Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE) On November 1 2017, the City of Paris chose SETE to run the Eiffel Tower’s operations and management as part of a 13-year public service delegation contract. SETE is a local public company, with 99% of its capital owned by the City of Paris and 1% by the Métropole du Grand Paris. Its board of directors is chaired by Jean-François Martins, Councillor of the City of Paris, and it employs approximately 360 people. SETE is managed by Patrick Branco Ruivo and had turnover of €25.29 million in 2021.  

• CP-EiffelTowerbrand2022EN.pdf

Useful links

• www.toureiffel.paris
• www.lelissier-paris.com
• www.faienceriegeorges.com

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L'athlète Anouk Garnier bat un record du monde en grimpant à la corde jusqu'au deuxième étage de la tour Eiffel

"La tour se met au diapason de cette année olympique." À quelques mois des JO 2024, la Dame de fer a accueilli ce mardi 9 avril un défi singulier: Anouk Garnier, double championne du monde de course à obstacles, a gravi la tour Eiffel à la corde jusqu'au deuxième étage du monument.

Une ascension de 110 mètres de haut qui n'avait jamais été réalisée, les précédents record s'arrêtant plus bas. Pour réaliser cet exploit, l'athlète s'est entraînée pendant un an.

"Je suis prête, je n'attends que ça", déclarait-elle en début de matinée au micro de BFM Paris Île-de-France, avant de démarrer son ascension.

Un an de préparation pour un record du monde

La championne de course à obstacles a atteint le deuxième étage de la tour Eiffel en 18 minutes, a-t-elle expliquée dans la matinée sur BFMTV. Le tout (presque) sans souffrir de vertige.

"Je suis très focalisée sur ce que j'ai à faire, où je mets mes pieds, je relâche un peu la tension dans les bras, je fais des petites pauses pour me relâcher. À ce moment-là, je n'ai pas le vertige", raconte Anouk Garnier. "Par contre, quand je suis tout là-haut, et qu'il faut lâcher la corde... Mais en vrai, c'était tellement énorme, que c'est une opportunité incroyable, j'ai vraiment profité de ce moment."

Ce défi, Anouk Garnier ne l'a pas réalisé uniquement pour relever un challenge personnel. Son objectif était également de récolter des fonds pour la Ligue contre le cancer, une cause qui lui tient à coeur.

"Ma maman est touchée par un cancer. Pour moi, c'était important de me dépasser pour une belle cause, pour avancer dans la recherche et dans les traitements pour le cancer."

Défi réussi pour la championne qui a atteint le deuxième étage de la tour Eiffel peu après 9 heures ce mardi matin. Si elle établit ainsi le record du monde de montée à la corde sur le monument, ce n'est toutefois pas la première fois que la tour Eiffel est témoin d'un record sportif.

La tour Eiffel, "un lieu d'exploits"

Le monument a effet toujours été "un lieu d'exploits", explique Jean-François Martins, président de la société d'exploitation de la tour Eiffel. En 1889, alors que Gustave Eiffel venait tout juste de présenter au monde cette prouesse architecturale, un ancien berger originaire d'Arcaco Sylvain Dornon, avait gravi les 674 marches du sol jusqu'au deuxième étage... sur des échasses.

En 1951, des acrobates américains avaient effectué un numéro de trapèze à 120 mètres au-dessus du vide, entre les deuxième et troisième étages de la tour, sans aucun filet de protection.

Plus récemment, le 29 mai 2010, le triple champion du monde de roller Taïg Khris était entré dans l'histoire en réalisant un saut sur rampe de 40 mètres de hauteur depuis la tour Eiffel pour arriver au niveau du Champ-de-Mars.

"On est toujours heureux d'accueillir des gens qui veulent relever des défis un peu fous", se réjouit Jean-François Martins, qui ajoute que ce nouveau record établi par Anouk Garnier est particulièrement symbolique, à quelques mois des JO, pour lesquels la championne sera également porteuse de la flamme olympique.

"On se prépare à être, si ce n'est au centre des Jeux, un point de vue singulier (...) La Tour se met au diapason de cette année olympique", déclare le président de la société d'exploitation du monument.

D'autant que les cinq anneaux olympiques seront accrochés à la tour Eiffel dès ce printemps, a indiqué en début de semaine le Comité d'organisation des Jeux.

Anouk Garnier, de son côté, a déjà "des petites idées en tête" pour son prochain exploit à réaliser. "Il y a d'autres monuments dans le monde", déclare-t-elle.

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• Jeux olympiques de Paris 2024

Paris 2024 : les anneaux olympiques sur la tour Eiffel pour les Jeux

Les anneaux représentant les cinq continents seront placés sur la façade côté Seine. Leur installation se fera à partir de la fin avril.

Le Monde avec AFP

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Les cinq anneaux olympiques trôneront sur la tour Eiffel dès ce printemps en vue des Jeux olympiques (26 juillet-11 août), ont annoncé lundi 8 avril à l’Agence France-Presse la Société d’exploitation de la tour Eiffel (SETE) et le Comité d’organisation des Jeux olympiques et paralympiques, confirmant une information du Parisien .

Les anneaux représentant les cinq continents, symboles de l’universalité du sport, seront installés en hauteur, côté Seine, a précisé Jean-François Martins, président de la SETE. Leur installation doit débuter fin avril, a-t-il poursuivi.

Les anneaux olympiques, exposés à chaque édition des Jeux sur un monument emblématique de la ville hôte, seront ainsi au premier plan de la cérémonie d’ouverture, organisée sous forme de parade nautique sur la Seine.

La vasque olympique, qui accueillera la flamme olympique, sera installée, elle, dans le Jardin des Tuileries, parc accessible au public situé entre le palais du Louvre et la place de la Concorde.

La tour Eiffel sera aussi présente sur 24 millions de pièces de 2 euros commémoratives des Jeux olympiques 2024, que la Monnaie de Paris va mettre en circulation en juin.

Retrouvez tous nos contenus sur les Jeux olympiques et paralympiques de Paris 2024 :

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« Tous les ingrédients sont réunis pour rejouer un épisode de la longue histoire des boycotts olympiques »

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La Courneuve entre enthousiasme et inquiétude vis-à-vis de la transformation du parc Georges-Valbon

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« Tel un Kylian Mbappé… » : la Grande dictée des JO 2024, leçon de français à l’ombre de la tour Eiffel

A J-100 de Paris 2024, des centaines de personnes ont participé à l’épreuve dictée par les écrivains Agnès Martin-Lugand, David Foenkinos et Marc Lévy.

« Tel un Kylian Mbappé… animé par l’obsession… l’obsession du Ballon d’or… » : à 100 jours des JO de Paris, des centaines de personnes ont participé à une Grande dictée en plein air au pied de la tour Eiffel vendredi. Les participants de tous âges étaient rassemblés près du Grand Palais éphémère, où a lieu jusqu’à dimanche le Festival du livre de Paris, pour participer à cette « Grande dictée des Jeux olympiques », où le célèbre Champ de Mars remplace les murs de la salle de classe et la Dame de fer le tableau noir.

Retraités, étudiants, lycéens ou élèves de primaire : installé sur sa chaise d’école colorée par des animateurs en marinière, chacun guette le début de l’exercice, saisit son stylo et se penche sur une feuille de papier. Ils plancheront une demi-heure sur un texte original, avant de repartir avec leur copie, une fois la correction terminée. L’exercice, heureusement, n’est pas noté. Les plus sérieux sont venus avec leur trousse et serrent au creux de la main leur stylo fétiche, les plus prévenants ont pensé à emporter un chapeau et une bouteille d’eau pour se prémunir de la chaleur.

Sur scène, micro en main, les écrivains Agnès Martin-Lugand, David Foenkinos et Marc Lévy se succèdent pour mener la dictée, d’après des textes signés de leur plume. Mais si des gouttes de sueur perlent sur le front des participants, ce n’est pas dû qu’au soleil qui tombe raide sur les nuques parallèles aux pupitres : un même mouvement d’hésitation parcourt l’assistance au moment d’orthographier « tachycardie » ou « tréfonds ».

Soudain, dans le silence concentré, un chuchotement : « Sisyphe, c’est avec deux i ou deux y ? » Rires complices dans l’assistance. « On ne triche pas ! », s’exclame l’implacable hôte de l’événement, Rachid Santaki, surnommé « Monsieur dictée ».

« Amour du français »

Le journaliste et écrivain français n’en est effectivement pas à son coup d’essai : après des années passées à organiser des dictées dans les banlieues françaises dans le cadre de son projet « la dictée des cités » , sa « plus grande dictée du monde » sur les Champs-Élysées a battu un record d’affluence avec 1 397 participants en juin 2023, selon le Guinness des records.

« C’est fou, au moment où ça a commencé, je me suis senti aussi stressé que si j’étais de retour à l’école », rit Esteban Hecquet, ingénieur de formation, venu « pour se jauger, se lancer un petit défi ». « Mais aussi par amour du français », ajoute son amie Océane Anduze, chercheuse en chimie, « et par amour de l’écrit, de la lecture ».

La dictée achevée, Rachid Santaki commente le corrigé affiché sur écran géant pendant de longues minutes, n’épargnant aucune règle de grammaire. Jeunes et vieux regardent au loin, gribouillent dans les marges de leurs copies ou chuchotent à voix basse. Un instant, l’illusion d’une salle de classe dissipée par un chaud après-midi de printemps est parfaite.

Sorties du parterre où elles étaient attablées, trois jeunes filles échangent leurs copies, rigolent de leurs erreurs et commentent les écueils du texte. « J’ai beaucoup de difficultés en orthographe parce que je suis dyslexique, alors que j’adore le français », s’exclame Naomi Chaton, lycéenne. « Mais, au final, je n’ai fait que cinq fautes. Je suis trop fière de moi ! »

Les jeunes filles, venues seules et qui se sont rencontrées dans la file d’attente, prennent ensuite le chemin du Festival du livre, avec autour du cou une médaille commémorative sur laquelle figure la tour Eiffel, en écho aux médailles d’or des Jeux olympiques qui débuteront le 26 juillet. En attendant, les Français pourront assister à la retransmission de la Grande dictée des Jeux mercredi à 21h00 sur France 5.

Gustave Eiffel

The Tower is not Gustave Eiffel’s only creation. This enthusiast and true genius was able to go beyond his own limits to bequeath to us monuments such as the dome on the Nice Observatory, the metallic structure of the Statue of Liberty, not to mention the Bordeaux railway bridge.

• Un patrimoine international en héritage
• Panama : un projet faramineux et… désastreux
• Un retour aux sources : la recherche scientifique

Gustave Eiffel : a passionate engineer

An engineer by training, Eiffel founded and developed a company specializing in metal structural work, whose crowning achievement was the Eiffel Tower. He devoted the last thirty years of his life to his experimental research.

Born in Dijon in 1832, he graduated from the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in 1855, the same year that Paris hosted the first World's Fair.

He spent several years in the South West of France, where he supervised work on the great railway bridge in Bordeaux, and afterwards he set up in his own right in 1864 as a "constructor", that is, as a business specializing in metal structural work.

His outstanding career as a constructor was marked by work on the Porto viaduct over the river Douro in 1876, the Garabit viaduct in 1884, Pest railway station in Hungary, the dome of the Nice observatory , and the ingenious structure of the Statue of Liberty . It culminated in 1889 with the Eiffel Tower. This date marks the end of his career as an entrepreneur.

An International heritage

Eiffel built hundreds of metal structures of all kinds all around the world.

Eiffel built hundreds of metal structures of all kinds, all around the world.

Bridges, and in particular railway bridges, were his favourite field of work, but he also won renown for his metal structural work and industrial installations. His career was marked by a large number of fine buildings, among which two of the most outstanding are the twin edifices of the Porto viaduct and the Garabit viaduct in the Cantal region of France. Equally outstanding are certain other structures in which the pure inventiveness of Eiffel's company was allowed free rein, such as the "portable" bridges sold around the world in "kits", the ingenious structure of the Statue of Liberty in New York, and of course the Eiffel Tower itself.

Panama: A colossal... and disastrous project

In 1887 Eiffel agreed to build the locks of the Panama canal, an immense undertaking badly managed by Ferdinand De Lesseps, which ended in the biggest financial scandal of the century.

This was the biggest contract in his entire career in business, and also the one with the greatest risk. Given the risk he faced, he was granted major financial advantages and solid guarantees, which allowed him to collect his profit as soon as the work was begun.

Despite the care which Eiffel took in the project, the liquidation of the canal construction company, Compagnie du Canal, on February 4 1889, led to his own indictment for fraud alongside De Lesseps and his son, and to a sentence of two years in prison and a fine of 2000 francs, even though nothing could really be blamed on him personally.

With his honour and dignity severely compromised, he withdrew from business. The ruling was later to be annulled by the highest appeal court, the Cour de Cassation, liberating him of all obligations concerning the accusations, which put an end to any further court action against him.

Returning to his roots: scientific research

In retirement following the Panama scandal, Eiffel devoted the final thirty years of his life to a fruitful career as a scientist .

First of all he set himself to finding a practical application for the Tower, which had only been built to stand for twenty years. He employed it in wind resistance experiments, as a meteorological observation post, and above all as a giant aerial mast for the new science of radio broadcasting.

He collected meteorological data at posts installed in his various properties, and at the same time pursued his research into aerodynamics , building a wind tunnel right at the foot of the Tower, and then a second and much larger one on Rue Boileau in Paris, in 1909. This latter wind tunnel is still in service. He died on December 27, 1923 at the age of 91 .

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On the same theme

The Eiffel Tower at a glance

An object of discord, desire and fascination, the Eiffel Tower never fails to impress. Enriched by a history full of new developments, here you can discover all of its key information.

Origins and Construction of the Eiffel Tower

It was for the 1889 Exposition Universelle , the date that marked the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution, that a great competition was launched in 1886.

Has a term escaped you? Do you want to impress your friends at a dinner ? Consult our dictionary of technical terms for all there is to know about the jargon concerning the Tower. 

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The Eiffel Tower in 1900

Eiffel tower.

In 1900, when the Eiffel Tower celebrated its 11th anniversary, it was no longer really a novelty. But the World's Fair held in Paris that year provided the perfect opportunity to modernise the monument, and make it the City of Light’s main attraction once again.

Opened on 14 April 1900 by French President Emile Loubet, the 1900 World's Fair spread over 216 hectares and welcomed more than 50 million visitors over 212 days.

The Fair bequeathed several buildings to Paris, the most iconic undoubtedly being the Petit Palais and the Grand Palais.

The 1900 World's Fair was an opportunity to revitalise the Eiffel Tower's declining appeal.

Projet de Stephen Sauvestre d'aménagement de la Tour Eiffel pour l'exposition de 1900 - Collection tour Eiffel by Collection tour Eiffel - SETE Eiffel Tower

Several plans for modifying the monument were suggested. One of the more daring was put forward by Stephen Sauvestre, an architect who had taken part in building the Tower.

His idea was to add two lateral towers to the monument, so that extra elevators to the second floor could be installed.

Although none of the plans devised for the World's Fair came to anything, the Eiffel Tower still underwent numerous improvements. The Tower notably capitalised on the period's technological advances to move into the modern era.

On the first floor, the internal passageway was widened by pushing back the building façades, which took on a brighter, more cheerful look. Four restaurants (Russian French, English and Dutch) were set up.  

The second floor platform was enlarged with an external gallery.

Illuminations de la tour Eiffel en 1900 - Copyright SETE by Copyright SETE Eiffel Tower

The 1900 World's Fair also marked the advent of 'the magic of electricity'.

The 10,000 gas lamps providing light up till then were replaced by 5,000 electric light bulbs.

But the greatest modernisation work carried out on the monument involved the complete overhaul of the elevators servicing the Eiffel Tower's first and second floors.

In June 1889, five hydraulic elevators were installed for the use of visitors. 

They were a formidable feat of technical engineering for the period, as never before had engineers tackled such heights, or such loads. From the time they were brought into service, these elevators enabled hundreds of thousands of visitors to safely ascend to a great height and gaze out over the entire city of Paris.

L'ascenseur système Fives-Lille montant les visiteurs du sol au 2e étage by © Collection tour Eiffel Eiffel Tower

But as they were based on a technology still in its infancy, Gustave Eiffel modernised the elevators for the 1900 World's Fair.

The Roux-Combaluzier elevators were replaced by two hydraulic press elevators built by Fives-Lille. Each consisted of two cabins with a 50-person capacity.

The elevators, vital components of the monument, were put under severe strain. Their annual journeys combined equalled two and half trips around the world – more than 103,000 kilometres. 

Today, a testament to the extraordinary technical engineering of the period, two of the elevators are still operating with the hydraulic technology of 1900, in the Eiffel Tower's East and West Pillars.

Créateur—Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel

The birth of the Eiffel tower

The eiffel tower's inauguration and first visitors, the construction of the eiffel tower.

Shakira Joins Bizarrap for Surprise Coachella Performance, Announces Tour for Late 2024

Coachella ’s first weekend has been full of surprises, and Bizarrap ‘s evening set on Friday was no exception as the high-energy DJ set got an assist from Shakira — where she announced she’ll be touring later this year.

The pair performed their hits “La Fuerte” and “BZRP Music Sessions, Vol. 53.” 

🚨LOBA! Shakira no #Coachella no set do Bizarrap. pic.twitter.com/U9OQIvNdws — BCharts (@bchartsnet) April 13, 2024

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“Finally we’re going on tour — starting here, in November!” she shouted. “Starting here, this November, in this city! Can’t wait!”

Reports earlier this year said that Shakira’s team had pushed hard for a headlining slot for the singer at this year’s festival, which was declined. At the very least, her appearance during Biza’s set confirmed there wasn’t bad blood between Shakira and the festival as the Colombian superstar soared through the high-energy performance. Biza and Shakira caused a lot of excitement with the release of “Vol. 53,” or the 53rd song in a YouTube series — “BZRP Music Sessions” — produced by the Argentinian star. They’ve performed it on the Latin Grammys and the “Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.”

Coachella will continue through Friday night with a final performance from headlining artist, Lana Del Rey. The weekend will continue with Saturday headliner, Tyler, the Creator, and a final closing set with Doja Cat on Sunday.

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Shakira makes surprise appearance during DJ Bizarrap's set

"la loba" made to coachella 2024., by janete weinstein • published april 13, 2024 • updated on april 13, 2024 at 3:34 pm.

Shakira made an entrance like no other on the first night of the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.

During the set of DJ's Bizarrap, the singer surprisingly appeared on an elevated platform behind the DJ decks, driving fans insane.

Shakira was rocking a crocheted fiery yellow-red color dress and some aviator sunglasses as she danced across the stage.

The Colombian singer joined forces with DJ Bizarrap as the duo sang their hits “La Fuerte” and “ BZRP Music Session #53.” 

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@billboard @Shakira joined @bzrp on Coachella’s Sahara Stage for a surprise performance of their “Music Sessions Vol. 53” collaboration. 🤩 #shakira #livemusic #liveperformance #shakirashakira #bizarrap #surprise #surpriseperformance #saharastage #coachella2024 #volume53 #shakiramusic ♬ original sound - billboard

The "Hips Don't Lie" artist took the opportunity to announce her 2024 World Tour "Las Mujeres ya no Lloran" for later this year.

So stoked to finally announce that LAS MUJERES YA NO LLORAN WORLD TOUR is happening! Can’t wait to be back on stage partying and celebrating with my wolfpack! 🐺 Dates coming up soon - register for info / pre-sale access now! Auuuuuuuuuuuuuu! https://t.co/d44sH7UdoW #LMYNLWT pic.twitter.com/gYZUbcOn2m — Shakira (@shakira) April 13, 2024

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