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Nicolò Balini (Fara Gera D'Adda, 27 agosto 1991), in arte HumanSafari , è uno youtuber , fotografo e travel blogger italiano .

Residente a Fara Gera d'Adda in provincia di Bergamo, carica sul suo canale video di travel vlog riguardo ai viaggi che fa, sia di lavoro (lavora infatti come come agente di viaggio presso l'agenzia turistica " Adda viaggi ") che in vacanza con amici.

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All You Need To Know About Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups And 'Human Safari' In Andaman & Nicobar Islands

14 march 2017 6:00 am gmt  | updated 22 july 2020 1:40 pm gmt check update history, editor : the logical indian  | .

The Logical Indian

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• Great Andamanese of Strait Island
• Onges of Little Andaman
• Jarawas of South and Middle Andaman
• Sentinelese of Sentinel Islands
• Shompens of Great Nicobar

The tribes of the Andaman Islands – the Jarawa, Great Andamanese, Onge and Sentinelese, Shompens – are believed to have lived in their Indian Ocean home for up to 55,000 years.

They are now vastly outnumbered by several hundred thousand Indians, who have settled on the islands in last 100 years.

The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961) stated that within Scheduled Tribes there existed an inequality in the rate of development. During the fourth Five Year Plan a sub-category was created within Scheduled Tribes to identify groups that considered being at a lower level of development.

The Great Andamanese These tribal have been rehabilitated in a small island named Strait Island. They were once the largest in population amongst the various tribes inhabiting the Andaman Islands. By 1969, their number had reduced to 19. But today, just 53 Great Andamanese people survive. The Great Andamanese were foragers. Today, they eat modern food items but still go for hunting and gathering. Lately some of them have taken to cultivating vegetables and have also established poultry farms. The Great Andamanese – as today they are collectively known – were originally ten distinct tribes, including the Jeru, Bea, Bo, Khora and Pucikwar. Each had its own language. Boa Sr. the last member of the Bo tribe died in 2010. The Bo was the last of the ten tribes to come into contact with the British. It took little more than a century for up to 55,000 years of human history to be wiped out. They are vulnerable to communicable diseases besides unhealthy drinking habits, acquired after contact with the non-tribal, urban, dominant and advanced communities. Sentinelese The Sentinelese tribe is lived on North Sentinel Island for up to 55,000 years and has no contact with the outside world. They are probably the world's only Paleolithic people surviving today. They vigorously reject all contact with outsiders. The Sentinelese is very hostile and never leaves their Island. Very little is known about these hostile tribes. Great Andamanese of Strait Island Onges of Little Andaman Jarawas of South and Middle Andaman Sentinelese of Sentinel Islands Shompens of Great Nicobar The tribes of the Andaman Islands – the Jarawa, Great Andamanese, Onge and Sentinelese, Shompens – are believed to have lived in their Indian Ocean home for up to 55,000 years. They are now vastly outnumbered by several hundred thousand Indians, who have settled on the islands in last 100 years. What is particularly vulnerable tribal group (PVTG)?

Particularly vulnerable tribal group (pvtg) (earlier: primitive tribal group) is a government of india classification created with the purpose of enabling improvement in the conditions of certain communities with particularly low development indices., what is particularly vulnerable tribal group (pvtg), the great andamanese these tribal have been rehabilitated in a small island named strait island. they were once the largest in population amongst the various tribes inhabiting the andaman islands. by 1969, their number had reduced to 19. but today, just 53 great andamanese people survive. the great andamanese were foragers. today, they eat modern food items but still go for hunting and gathering. lately some of them have taken to cultivating vegetables and have also established poultry farms. the great andamanese – as today they are collectively known – were originally ten distinct tribes, including the jeru, bea, bo, khora and pucikwar. each had its own language. boa sr. the last member of the bo tribe died in 2010. the bo was the last of the ten tribes to come into contact with the british. it took little more than a century for up to 55,000 years of human history to be wiped out. they are vulnerable to communicable diseases besides unhealthy drinking habits, acquired after contact with the non-tribal, urban, dominant and advanced communities., sentinelese the sentinelese tribe is lived on north sentinel island for up to 55,000 years and has no contact with the outside world. they are probably the world's only paleolithic people surviving today. they vigorously reject all contact with outsiders. the sentinelese is very hostile and never leaves their island. very little is known about these hostile tribes..

Their extreme isolation makes them very vulnerable to diseases to which they have no immunity, meaning contact would almost certainly have tragic consequences for them. Following a campaign by different organizations, the Indian government abandoned plans to contact the Sentinelese. It is vital that their wish to remain uncontacted is respected – if not, the entire tribe could be wiped out by diseases to which they have no immunity.

The women wear fiber strings tied around their waists, necks and heads. The men also wear necklaces and headbands, but with a thicker waist belt. The men carry spears, bows and arrows. The Sentinelese hunts and gather in the forest, and fish in the coastal waters.

The Sentinelese enjoys excellent health, unlike those Andaman's tribes whose lands have been destroyed.

The Sentinelese attracted international attention in the wake of the 2004 Asian tsunami, when a member of the tribe was photographed on a beach, firing arrows at a helicopter which was checking on their welfare.

Although commonly described in the media as 'Stone Age' this is clearly not true. There is no reason to believe the Sentinelese have been living in the same way for the tens of thousands of years they are likely to have been in the Andaman's. Their ways of life will have changed and adapted many times, like all peoples.

What Problems do Sentinelese face?

• illegal poaching in their waters
• People are trying to make a contact with them

The Jarawa tribes with an estimated population of 341 inhabit the Western coasts of South & Middle Andaman islands. They are leading their normal life of hunting and gathering. They hunt pig, turtle and fish with bows and arrows in the coral-fringed reefs. During the honey collection the members of the group will sing songs to express their delight. A study of their nutrition and health found their 'nutritional status' was 'optimal'. They have detailed knowledge of more than 150 plant and 350 animal species. In 1998, a few Jarawa started to emerge from their forest for the first time without their bows and arrows to visit nearby towns and settlements.

A & N Administration had finalized a policy on the Jarawa Tribe of Andaman Island and is being implemented strictly to ensure protection and welfare of Jarawa.

In order to ensure a rich resource of forest based traditional food like wild pig, turtle, honey and fish etc, the Jarawa reserve area has been increased from 847 to 1028 Sq. kms. Exclusive marine resource base has also been increased by declaring coastal water upto 5 km from High Tide Line as tribal reserve. Exclusive Wards at Primary Health Centre, Tushnabad, Kadamtala and G.B. Pant Hospital, Port Blair for Jarawa have been provided and such Wards are declared as tribal reserves to prevent curious non-tribal from interacting with them.

A buffer zone of 5 km radius has been notified around the Jarawa reserve, to ensure that they do not become unwitting targets of large scale tourism or commercial activities.

What problems do the Jarawa face?

Of the four Andaman Island tribes, it is the Jarawa's situation that is the most precarious.

Land Encroachment

The principal threat to the Jarawa's existence comes from encroachment onto their land, which was sparked by the building of a highway through their forest in the 1970s.

'Human safaris' to the Jarawa

Although India's Supreme Court in 2002 ordered that the highway through the Jarawa's reserve should be closed, it remains open – and tourists use it for 'human safaris' to the Jarawa. The tourists treat the Jarawa like animas in a safari park. The Andaman Trunk Road (ATR) brings outsiders into the heart of their territory. The ATR has also encouraged 'human safaris', where tour operators drive tourists along the road in the hope of 'spotting' members of the tribe.

Poachers enter the Jarawa's forest and steal the animals the tribe relies on for their survival. They have also introduced alcohol and marijuana and are known to sexually abus e Jarawa women.

Outside diseases

They remain vulnerable to outside diseases to which they have little or no immunity. In 1999 and 2006, the Jarawa suffered outbreaks of measles – a disease that has wiped out many tribes worldwide following contact with outsiders.

Attempts to 'mainstream' the Jarawa

In India, 'mainstreaming' refers to the policy of pushing a tribe to join the country's dominant society. It has a devastating effect on tribal peoples. It strips them of their self-sufficiency and sense of identity, and leaves them struggling at the very margins of society. Rates of disease, depression, addiction and suicide within the tribal community almost inevitably soar.

The habitation of Shompens is the Great Nicobar. Like the Nicobarese, they belong to the Mongoloid race. Their Population is Only 229 (2011 census) and have very limited contact with outsiders.

They live in about 12 habitations made of bamboo and leaf thatch. Like the Jarawa they are skilled hunter-gatherers but unlike them raise plantations of various crops and subsist primarily on them, besides honey and fish.

For the first time in the Indian history Shompens cast their votes to elect for the Lok Sabha constituency of Bay Islands for Lok Sabaha election 2014

The Shompens have two divisions, the smaller division being known as Mawa Shompens and inhabit areas very close to the coastal region along the river valleys. They are very shy. They are quite intimate with the Nicobarese. The major group of Shompens are the hostile Shompens living in Alexendra and Galathia river areas and also on the east coast of the area in the interior of the island. In the past, frequent attacks are believed to have been made on the Mawa Shompens by the hostile Shompens. But now such hostility has stopped. It is probably because they have been largely reduced in number due to various diseases. The Shompens are the victims of disease, and physically very weak. With the establishment of the settlement at Campbell Bay in Great Nicobar, Shompens have been visiting the settlers and they are gradually shaking off their shyness and indifferent attitude towards the civilized people.

What problems do the Shompen face?

A major influx of population started in 1969 with the settlement of several hundred ex-servicemen from the mainland on the south-eastern coast of Great Nicobar, and a proposal to settle several hundred more on the western coast.

Only 50 years down the line, their lands have been occupied, their forests chopped down, their animals hunted and they themselves outnumbered by people from an alien culture.

Even more damaging, the East-West road (measuring 43 km in length) was constructed through pristine Shompen territory. Thus a tribal reserve area under the Andaman and Nicobar (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956, was opened to outsiders. The construction and repair of the East-West road is an even greater threat to the Shompen.

Onges are one of the most primitive tribes in India. They belong to the Negrito racial stock and have been relegated to the reservation at Dugong Creek in Little Andaman Island. They are a semi-nomadic tribe and fully dependent on the food provided by nature. They have now experienced the impact of outsiders, as efforts at befriending them have proved successful. They have been provided with pucca houses, food, clothes, medicine etc. by the Administration. They eat turtle, fish, roots and jack fruits etc. They have developed artistry and crafts. The Onges can make canoes. A primary school has also been functioning at the Dugong Creek settlement of Onges. The population of this tribe is stable and is at present 110.

Supreme Court on 'human safaris'

In 2002, the Indian Supreme Court ordered the closure of the road, yet it still remains open.

In 2013, many organizations campaigned to ban 'human safaris', the Supreme Court banned tourists from travelling along the ATR (highway) for seven weeks. After the Andaman Authorities changed their own rules in order to allow the human safaris to continue, the Supreme Court had no choice but to reverse the ban.

The Andaman Authorities have committed to opening an alternative sea route to Baratang by March 2015. This sea route would stop the human safaris as tourists would no longer have an excuse to drive through the Jarawa's forest. Despite promises to the Supreme Court and pressure from different activist, organisations, the project is already running woefully behind schedule.

The Logical Indian take on 'mainstreaming, 'land encroachment' and 'poaching'

• The Logical Indian community advocates neither isolation nor integration, believing – as with all tribal peoples – that they themselves are best placed to determine what, if any, changes they wish to make to their lives.
• Their land is properly protected from outside incursions.
• Authority to close the Andaman Trunk Road, believing that only the Jarawa should decide if, when and where outsiders traverse their land.
• Andaman authorities to clamp down on poaching and to ensure that those arrested are prosecuted.
• The Logical Indian community hopes for Sentinelese that Officials maintain their policy of no contact.

Conclusion: Survival's work for the Sentinelese focuses on pressuring India to stop illegal poaching in their waters, and ensuring officials maintain their policy of no contact.

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Human safaris may be banned, but still tourists flock to Andaman Islands

"Jarawa!" The cry goes up from the front of the bus and, in an instant, the tourists are on their feet, craning their necks to see a small boy clutching a short spear.

He is standing on the edge of the jungle, watching the convoy of vehicles thunder past on the Andaman trunk road. The tourists lurch towards the right-hand side of the vehicle to catch one last glimpse of him and then the government-run bus is past and he is gone.

It is Wednesday morning, three days before the start of the official tourist season and eight months since an Observer investigation into the plight of the aboriginal Jarawa tribe , and an accompanying video of young tribal women dancing semi-naked for food, scandalised India and brought international condemnation of the Andaman human safaris.

The spectacle of more than a third of a million people pouring through the dwindling tribe's jungle reserve each year, many of them intent on catching a glimpse of its largely reclusive inhabitants, prompted an outpouring of fury that could not be ignored.

The Indian government moved swiftly to introduce laws punishing interference with the Jarawa with seven years in jail. Two policemen were arrested over the video, and the inspector general of police was transferred after he was caught taking his family on a human safari. In July the country's supreme court – which ordered the closure of the road in 2002 – banned commercial and tourist activity inside a 5km buffer zone around the tribal reserve, warning that any breach of the order would amount to contempt of court. That should have been the end of the human safaris, the term coined to describe the eight daily convoys of vehicles that run up and down the road through the heart of the pristine jungle.

Last week, however, when the Observer returned to the Andamans, it was business as usual for the human safari industry. Not only does it continue, but it does so with the blessing of the Andaman and Nicobar administration, which runs its own daily tourist bus through the reserve. It costs 1,000 rupees (£11.36) for a ticket on the air-conditioned bus (850 rupees without air conditioning), ostensibly to visit a limestone cave and mud "volcano" on Baratang island, which lies 100km north of the capital, Port Blair – and inside the buffer zone fixed by the supreme court.

Hundreds of private tour operators offer their own versions of the tour. But as the reactions of the bus passengers testify, the real attraction of the trip is that it runs through the Jarawa reserve on South Andaman island and offers the opportunity to see the inhabitants in their natural habitat.

The white bus, with the national tourism advertising slogan "Incredible !ndia" painted on its side in large blue letters, picks up its first passengers next to the statue of Gandhi in the centre of Port Blair at 6.30am. A private bus company offering the same trip is collecting passengers from the same spot. It has been raining heavily, but it starts to ease as the bus heads north, entering the tall forest with its mix of hardwood trees and coconut palms. The bus draws up at the last checkpoint before the reserve to await the start of the second convoy of the day. The 13 passengers climb out and head for the stalls selling snacks and drinks.

Half a dozen cars are parked at the side of the road, also waiting for the convoy to start. Five minutes before the tour is due to depart, a loudspeaker crackles into life, instructing those waiting by their vehicles to stick to the rules, which are set out on the board – not yet updated –next to the police post: don't give the Jarawa bananas and biscuits, don't take pictures, don't stop, don't let the Jarawa into your vehicles. Anyone breaking the law faces five years in jail.

The passengers board the bus and a policeman with a luxuriant handlebar moustache joins the tour, clutching an ancient Lee-Enfield .303 rifle. Then the convoy is off, picking up speed and bouncing along the uneven surface. The rain has stopped and the trees glisten with moisture. Those on board do not have to wait long.

"Jarawa!" The driver points to the side of the road ahead. The tourists are on their feet, eager to catch a glimpse. A man is crouching by the road with a bow on his knees. The bus flashes past. "Jarawa," the tourists say contentedly to each other as they sit down. This is what they came for. The cave is an unimpressive gash in a limestone cliff, the mud "volcano" merely a large puddle that occasionally belches out a few bubbles of gas from decomposing vegetation trapped below. This is the main event. But they have heeded the warnings: no one tries to take pictures and the sealed bus windows make throwing out food an impossibility.

The bus breaks down and everyone is decanted on to the private vehicle that is following behind. There is another hiatus as the convoy squeezes past another, larger one, coming in the opposite direction. Then it is off again, moving swiftly, the new vehicle bouncing fiercely.

"Jarawa!" This time it is two women, naked from the waist up, with bright red cloth wrapped around their heads. The tourists are on their feet.

"Jarawa!" Every few minutes, the cry goes up. Each time the tourists spring up, but there are several false alarms.

The policeman, also standing now, forgets his rifle, propped against the back of a seat, and it crashes to the floor of the bus as the vehicle hits another pothole. He picks it up, glances sideways, then stares straight ahead.

There are 22 people on the bus now and most are on their feet, peering out of the windows on the left side. Then the forest ends abruptly and the bus pulls up next to a jetty. The passengers board a ferry and a local bus and a couple of cars squeeze in behind them. It takes less than 10 minutes to reach Baratang, where a small flotilla of motorboats is waiting to convey the tourists to the walkway that gives way to a muddy path leading 1.2km inland to the cave. A few people make appreciative noises as the guide points out the stalagmites and stalactites inside.

Although Baratang lies within the buffer zone, the island's administration has allowed the tours to continue, claiming that it has sought an eight-week stay to allow time for an appeal, a request refused by the supreme court.

Two boat rides later and the tourists are back on the bus. A couple ask about the "volcano", but the guide shrugs and says it is not worth seeing. At 3pm the convoy sets off, and for those hoping to see members of the tribe it is a vintage afternoon. "Jarawa!" "Jarawa!" "Jarawa!" A woman, then a man, then the child with his spear, then another woman. The tourists are leaning forward, some not even bothering to sit down as they try to get a better view through the windscreen.

This is not a big convoy: a dozen cars, four buses and a couple of lorries. Even so, the vehicles are carrying about 100 people. Another convoy squeezes past, heading towards Baratang, the last northbound convoy of the day, made up of 10 cars and five buses. At the height of the tourist season there can be as many as 150 private tour vehicles on the first convoy of the day alone, along with the tour buses and commercial vehicles. During the tourist season, which runs from September to May, an estimated 250 vehicles use the road each day. The number drops to 150 during the off season.

Even using the low vehicle and passenger figures from this one trip, that amounts to almost 150,000 people a year going up and down the road. Factor in the much higher numbers travelling when the tourist season is at its peak and a very conservative average of 500 people on the road every day produces an annual total of 180,000 people. Even if only half of them were tourists, they outnumber the Jarawa by 228 to one.

There is widespread agreement that this volume of interference with the Jarawa's nomadic, largely insular existence can only hasten their demise.

The Andamans lie in the Bay of Bengal, closer to Burma than to India, and anthropologists say the tribe has been there for tens of thousands of years, probably having migrated from Africa. It is only 14 years since they dropped their hostile attitude towards outsiders and started to come out of the jungle in any numbers. Before that, intruders had to risk attack from members armed with bows and arrows and there were numerous fatal clashes. Some younger members of the tribe are voluntarily seeking contact now, but most shun it.

Environmental groups, including Survival International, warn that interaction with outsiders will lead to destruction of the Jarawa, as it has done with other tribes on the islands, including the Great Andamanese, who once lived in large numbers around Port Blair. Survival has repeatedly called for closure of the road, but the islands' administration appears determined to keep it open to provide access for settlers. It is 10 years since India's supreme court first ordered the closure of the road to protect the Jarawa.

Despite the international outrage, despite the anger of the government in Delhi, despite the rulings of the highest court in the land, despite the repeated interventions of Congress party leader Sonia Gandhi on behalf of the Jarawa, the human safaris go on.

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Andaman islanders 'forced to dance' for tourists - video, andaman islands: delhi must impose its law against human safaris, andaman islands abuse: new videos reveal indian police role, india orders crackdown on 'human safaris' in the andaman islands, andaman islands tribe threatened by lure of mass tourism, most viewed.

End in sight for India's notorious human safaris

September 18, 2017

This page was created in 2017 and may contain language which is now outdated.

Notorious “human safaris” in India’s Andaman Islands may soon stop, after the authorities announced that a new sea route around the islands will soon open.

The new route will keep tourists off the infamous Andaman Trunk Road, which was built illegally through the forests of the isolated Jarawa tribe .

The road brings a daily invasion of hundreds of tourists into the heart of the Jarawa reserve, who treat the Jarawa like animals in a safari park.

One tourist described his trip: “The journey through tribal reserve was like a safari ride as we were going amidst dense tropical rainforest and looking for wild animals, Jarawa tribals to be specific."

The Jarawa, like all recently contacted peoples , face catastrophe unless their land is protected.

The human safaris are also dangerous – one Jarawa boy lost his arm after tourists threw food at him from a moving vehicle.

In 2002 India’s Supreme Court ordered the road closed, but it has remained open .

Survival International led a global campaign against the human safaris, calling for a boycott of the Andaman tourist industry until they came to an end. Nearly 17,000 people from around the world pledged not to holiday in the islands in protest.

The boycott will be called off as soon as the Andaman government agrees to ensure that tourists are no longer able to use the road.

Background briefing

- In 2012, shocking footage emerged of Jarawa girls being made to dance at the side of the road, during a human safari. This led to a global outcry against the dehumanizing use of tribal people as tourist exhibits. - The Jarawa are one of the tribes Indigenous to the Andaman islands. They live as hunter gatherers, and chose to reject contact with mainstream Indian society until 1998. Several other Andamanese tribes were wiped out following British colonization of the islands in the 19th century. - In 1999 and 2006, the Jarawa suffered outbreaks of measles – a disease which has devastated many recently contacted tribes. and which is often a consequence of forced contact. -Tourism is a major industry in the Andaman islands. The new sea route will be used to access the north of the islands and attractions like the limestone caves and mud volcano at Baratang without tourists intruding into the land of the Jarawa. - The Islands’ Lieutenant-Governor, Professor Mukhi, announced recently that the sea route will be quicker and more comfortable than the current journey by road.

Survival’s Director Stephen Corry said: “Treating the Jarawa as a tourist spectacle was a disgusting practice – it also put their lives in danger. It’s more than time for the human safaris to end. If this sea route can do that, then we welcome it. If not, we’ll carry on campaigning until the Jarawa’s right to determine their own futures and stop being harassed by tourists is secure.”

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Genre: Feature length documentary film Duration: 75 min Year: 2022 Screenplay:  Miran Zupanič Director:  Miran Zupanič Featuring:  Stana Ćišić, Samir Ćišić, Faruk Šabanović, Edin Subašić Link: www.film-center.si Pictures, videos: ftp://ftp.arsmedia.si , (username: arsmedia-press, password: Arsmedia). For FTP access please use clients such as Filezilla, CyberDuck…

Safari: an expedition to observe or hunt animals in their natural habitat.

Among the many dramatic episodes of the siege of Sarajevo from 1992 to 1996, the story of a human safari has remained concealed from the public eye. Only a select few were aware that on the Serbian side, the siege of Sarajevo involved not only the Bosnian Serb Army, volunteers and mercenaries but also another, small and clandestine group. These were wealthy foreigners who paid high fees for the chance to shoot at the residents of besieged Sarajevo.

DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT

“The film gives the viewer an intimation of the absolute evil underlying the masks of humanity and offers insight into the fates of people whose lives were irrevocably changed by the bullets of snipers. Along with their suffering, it also helps the viewer understand their wisdom and the power of their will to live.”

MOMENTS FROM THE PREMIERE AT FESTIVAL “AJB DOC SARAJEVO”, 10. 9. 2022

Foto: AJB DOC

Screenplay:  Miran Zupanič Director:  Miran Zupanič Cameramen:  Božo Zadravec, Maksimiljan Sušnik, Miran Zupanič Editors:  Jaka Kovačič, Miran Zupanič Composer: Tilen Slakan Sound Designer:  Boštjan Kačičnik Producers:  Franci Zajc, Boštjan Ikovic

Stana Ćišić Samir Ćišić Faruk Šabanović Edin Subašić

MIRAN ZUPANIČ

Miran Zupanič (born 1961) graduated from the University in Ljubljana with degrees in law and film directing. In his documentary films, he focuses on the destiny of individuals in breakthrough moments of 20th century history: Run for Life (1990) is the first Slovenian documentary film about Goli otok, the toughest political prison in former Yugoslavia. The Eyes of Bosnia (1993) is a film shot during the bloody war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kocbek, A Poet in the Abyss of History (2004) is a documentary about the life journey of Edvard Kocbek, a poet and spiritual revolutionary. Aufbiks! (2006) is a documentary-fiction film reconstructing national conflicts between Slovenians and Germans in Celje at the turn of the 20th century. Children from Petriček Hill (2007) is a documentary based on interviews with the descendants of alleged or actual Nazi collaborators who were executed by Yugoslav authorities at the end of WW2 and whose children were committed to the Petriček concentration camp. My friend Mujo (2012) is a film about Mujo Turajlić, a man who lost both of his arms in an explosion yet possesses the indomitable spirit to work the fields and provide for his family. The documentary Sing Me a Song (2018) is a complex portrait of the musician Vlado Kreslin and his diverse audiences. The documentary Sarajevo safari (2022) reveals what was a publicly unknown story of foreigners paying money to shoot at residents of besieged Sarajevo. Miran Zupanič writes screenplays and also directs fiction films: Operation Cartier (1991), Radio.doc (1995), Rascals! (2001), Couples at Stake (2009), Victory, or How Maks Bigec Turned The Wheel of History (2011). Since 1997, Zupanič has been a professor of film directing at the Academy of Theatre, Radio, Film and TV at the University of Ljubljana.

SHORT FILMOGRAPHY AND AWARDS

1990 Run for Life, director, documentary film 1991 Operation Cartier, director, fiction TV film, 1991 – Audiences Award at the Marathon of Slovenian Film in Portorož 1991 – Two awards from the European Association of Regional TV – Circom Regional Grand Prix Fiction 1992 and Circom Regional Award for Best Direction 1992 1993 The Eyes of Bosnia, director, documentary film – Metod Badjura Bronze Award 1993 1995 Radio.doc, screenwriter and director, fiction TV film – First Prize at the screenplay competition for TV drama held by RTV Slovenia Board 1993 – Metod Badjura Gold Award 1995 2001 Rascals!, screenwriter and director, fiction film – Vesna Award for best cinematography 2001 – Vesna Award for best costume design 2001 – Stop Award for most promising actor 2004 Kocbek, A Poet in the Abyss of History, director, documentary film – Viktor Award for best TV documentary in 2004 2006 Aufbiks!, director, documentary-fiction film 2007 Made in Slovenia, screenwriter and director, short fiction film 2007 Children from Petriček Hill, screenwriter and director, documentary film – Vesna Award for best feature film 2007 – Vesna Award for best editing 2007 – Vesna Award for best film score 2007 – Viktor Award for best TV documentary in 2007 – Second Award by choice of audiences in the category of documentary film at Trieste Film Festival 2008 – Erasmus EuroMedia Award of the European Society for Education and Communication, Vienna, Austria, 2008 – Prešern Fund Award 2009 2009 Couples at Stake, director, fiction TV film – Vesna Award for best actress 2009 2011 Victory, or How Maks Bigec Turned The Wheel of History, screenwriter and director, TV fiction film – Award at RTV Slovenia’s public anonymous competition for original TV drama and TV film, 2010 2012 My Friend Mujo, screenwriter and director, documentary film 2018 Sing Me a Song, screenwriter and director, feature documentary2020 To Have A Voice, director, feature documentary 2022 Sarajevo safari, screenwriter and director, feature documentary

CO-PRODUCERS

Aljazeera Balkans

Iridium Film

CO-FUNDED BY

Slovenian Film Centre

TEHNICAL DATA

Format: DCP, 1:1.85, 25/fps; colour

Sound: DCP 5.1.

FESTIVALS AND AWARDS

• 5.AJB DOC Festival Sarajevo, september 2022 • International Film Festival DOKUDOC 2022, Maribor; september 2022 – DOKUDOC 2022; • 25.Slovenian Film Festival Portorož, oktober 2022; • The 12. International Crime and Punishment Film Festival, november 2022, Istanbul;

The Space Among Us

Once were humans

Sing me a song

YUGOSLAVIA, MY FATHERLAND

INTERTWINING THREADS OF MODERN ARTISTS

NAVIGARE NECESSE EST

A Comedy of Tears

To The Top And Back

LIVING STONE

Family Film / Rodinný film

At the end of Trieste street

Made in Slovenia

A Slice Of Life

Chefurs Raus!

Children from Petricek Hill

Shanghai Gypsy

A Night Too Young (orig. Příliš mladá noc)

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Book made with dead woman's skin removed from Harvard Library amid probe of human remains found at school

By Li Cohen

Updated on: March 28, 2024 / 8:59 AM EDT / CBS News

Harvard Library says it has removed a book that's been in its collection for nearly a century that is partially made with human skin that was taken from a deceased hospital patient without consent. The book's space in the library has long been in question, as it was bound with a woman's skin and included a handwritten note from its first owner saying, "a book about the human soul deserved to have a human covering." 

The library announced that it would remove the book, "Des Destinées de L'âme" ("Destinies of the Soul"), earlier this month. The book, published by Arsène Houssaye in 1879, was not originally made of skin. That part was added by the book's first owner, French physician Dr. Ludovic Bouland, who, according to Harvard Library, "bound the book with skin he took without consent from the body of a deceased female patient in a hospital where he worked." 

Bouland included a handwritten note in the volume that says, "a book about the human soul deserved to have a human covering," Tom Hyry, associate university librarian for archives and special collections, said in a Harvard Library update. 

"Evidence indicates that Bouland bound the book with skin, taken from a woman, which he had acquired as a medical student," Hyry said. "A memo accompanying the book written by John Stetson, which has since been lost, told us that Bouland took this skin from the body of an unknown deceased woman patient from a French psychiatric hospital."

Bouland died in 1933 and the book was added to Harvard's collection in 1934 on deposit. That note also included a description of the process that was used to treat the skin so that it could be bound with the book. The book was formally donated to the university in 1954 and Harvard Library said that it tested the binding in 2014 to confirm that it was bound with human remains. 

Until recently, the book had been available to "anyone who asked for it," Harvard Library said, "regardless of their reason for wishing to consult it." 

"Library lore suggests that decades ago, students employed to page collections in Houghton's stacks were hazed by being asked to retrieve the book without being told it included human remains," the library states. "Harvard Library acknowledges past failures in its stewardship of the book that further objectified and compromised the dignity of the human being whose remains were used for its binding. We apologize to those adversely affected by these actions."

Anne-Marie Eze, associate librarian of Harvard's Houghton Library, said the book's removal was the culmination of years-long efforts and "as part of the University's larger project of addressing human remains in its collections." 

In 2022, the university published a report about human remains found in university collections. A committee found remains of 15 people who "may have been enslaved" in the Peabody Museum, which also holds "one of the nation's largest collections of human remains of Native American individuals." Most of the human remains found across the university collections system are rooted in archaeological context or are used for educational purposes. 

The book was not included in that category – and it's not the only piece of human remains believed to be in the library system. 

"There is a bone fragment purportedly of Saint Sebastian (ca. 3rd century) in a medallion reliquary," the report states. 

The library says that it's now conducting additional research into the book, Bouland and the female patient whose skin was removed, and that the skin itself is in "secure storage at Harvard Library." They are also working with France to "determine a final respectful disposition of these human remains." 

Eze said that the book has been "fully digitized" – sans binding – and that those scans have been made publicly available. All images of the skin have been removed from the online catalog and blog posts, and the book itself will only be made available to researchers in the future without its cover. 

"The core problem with the volume's creation was a doctor who didn't see a whole person in front of him and carried out an odious act of removing a piece of skin from a deceased patient, almost certainly without consent, and used it in a book binding that has been handled by many for more than a century," Hyry said. "We believe it's time the remains be put to rest."

Li Cohen is a social media producer and trending content writer for CBS News.

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State Dept. human rights staffer quits over Biden’s Gaza policy

The protest resignation is the latest sign of dissent brewing in some quarters of government.

A State Department official working on human rights issues in the Middle East resigned Wednesday in protest of U.S. support for Israel’s war in Gaza, the latest example of dissent among government personnel bursting into public view.

Annelle Sheline, 38, stepped down after a year as a foreign affairs officer in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, with nearly half that tenure marked by the war Israel launched in response to a devastating Hamas attack on Oct. 7.

In an interview, Sheline said her focus had been promoting human rights in the Middle East and North Africa, work that was complicated by Israel’s war and a host of accompanying moral, legal, security and diplomatic implications for the United States. Sheline said she tried to raise concerns internally with dissent cables and at staff forums but eventually concluded that it was pointless “as long as the U.S. continues to send a steady stream of weapons to Israel.”

“I wasn’t able to really do my job anymore,” she said. “Trying to advocate for human rights just became impossible.”

Sheline’s departure is the most significant protest resignation over the Gaza conflict since the exit of Josh Paul , who was a senior State Department official involved in arms transfers to foreign governments.

In a statement to The Washington Post, Paul commended Sheline for her decision, noting that she is leaving a bureau tasked with championing “universal values, including respect for the rule of law, democratic institutions and human rights,” according to the State Department website.

“When the staff of that bureau feel that there is no more they can do,” Paul said, “it speaks volumes about the Biden administration’s disregard for the laws, policies and basic humanity of American foreign policy that the bureau exists to advance.”

Sheline said she had planned to leave quietly, telling her bosses it was over Gaza, but decided to speak up at the request of colleagues who told her they wanted to resign but couldn’t because of financial or family considerations.

Sheline said that despite the support she has received at the State Department, “there are plenty of people who wouldn’t agree with my point of view.”

At internal listening sessions on the war, she said, some employees “stand up and say, ‘I appreciate everything the U.S. government and the State Department are doing for Israel, and I really support it.’” Those comments typically get pushback from others in the audience, she added.

At one of those meetings, Sheline recalled, she asked about administration priorities — competition with China, human rights, climate change — that she felt were being undermined by blank-check support for Israel.

“My question was: Why is this support for Israel seen as more important than all of these other, arguably very significant priorities?” she said. “I still don’t feel like I have a great answer as to why.”

Only a handful of officials have left government over the war. For months, however, workers have telegraphed their discontent in other ways. At the State Department, officials have written multiple cables on Gaza in the dissent channel, a Vietnam War-era mechanism for internal protest. At the U.S. Agency for International Development, hundreds of employees endorsed a letter in November calling for the Biden administration to use its leverage to initiate a cease-fire. Other officials have challenged agency leaders during public events.

In February, an active-duty member of the U.S. Air Force set himself on fire outside the Israeli Embassy in Washington after saying he could “no longer be complicit in genocide.” He died of his injuries.

Scores of officials across the federal workforce participate in private chat groups for organizing fundraising and public demonstrations and venting about U.S. policy.

Despite the dissent, the administration has maintained its military support for Israel’s campaign in Gaza, authorizing the transfer of thousands of bombs and other munitions since Oct. 7. But the administration’s tone has begun to change.

The State Department now routinely expresses concern about the bloodshed: More than 32,000 Palestinians have been killed, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, since the war began in response to the cross-border attack in which Hamas militants killed 1,200 people in Israel and took at least 250 hostage. The administration has also increased public pressure on Israel to allow more humanitarian assistance into Gaza, which aid groups warn is on the brink of famine.

On Monday, the administration chose not to veto a U.N. Security Council resolution calling for an immediate cease-fire during the remaining weeks of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan and the release of all hostages — a move that angered Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who canceled a planned trip of top aides to Washington .

The bureau in which Sheline worked has faced scrutiny from some members of Congress wary of any part of the U.S. government that might criticize Israel. President Biden’s pick to lead the bureau, Sarah Margon, withdrew her nomination as assistant secretary last year after a vote on her confirmation stalled for more than 18 months. The top Republican on the committee, Sen. James E. Risch (Idaho), had voiced concerns that she was insufficiently pro-Israel, a charge that her supporters, including prominent Jewish foreign policy professionals, disputed .

Sheline took a circuitous route to the State Department. She grew up in North Carolina and has written that her interest in foreign policy began after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, which occurred when she was a sophomore in high school. She pursued studies in conflict resolution, focusing on the Middle East, and later took Arabic classes in Egypt and other countries. For her academic work on the region’s monarchies, she made research trips to Morocco, Jordan, Oman and Saudi Arabia.

During this period, Sheline worked as a researcher at the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, a think tank that promotes a U.S. “foreign policy that emphasizes military restraint and diplomatic engagement,” according to its website. There, she criticized the U.S. policy of sending arms to Arab allies despite their well-documented human rights abuses. She said she had not planned on a federal career but was awarded a fellowship that came with the condition that she serve at least a year in the government afterward.

In the spring, Sheline was hired by the State Department in the Near Eastern affairs section of the bureau that compiles an annual country-by-country report on the state of human rights around the world. She worked mostly on North Africa, liaising with activists and civic groups to promote democratic values.

That work has become nearly impossible, Sheline said, with partners in the region incensed by the continued flow of U.S. arms to Israel despite the staggering toll of the war. Some activist groups have stopped talking to American personnel, she said.

“If they are willing to engage, they mostly want to talk about Gaza rather than the fact that they are also dealing with extreme repression or threats of imprisonment,” Sheline said of civil society groups in the region. “The first point they bring up is: How is this happening?”

When asked about Sheline’s resignation, State Department spokesman Matt Miller told reporters that Secretary of State Antony Blinken welcomes dissent within the department and “has instructed his team” to ensure employees have opportunities to make their views known.

“He wants to hear them. He reads dissent cables when dissent cables are authored on any issue. He meets with employees who have a broad range of views, he listens to their feedback, and he takes it into account in his decision-making,” Miller said.

He noted that Sheline had “just finished the first year of a fellowship that could have gone for two years and did not exercise her option to return for a second year as a fellow.”

Sheline said that she had planned to stay on at State but that the Gaza war changed her mind. She notified her supervisors six weeks ago that she would be resigning once she had completed a year of service. She plans to work on a book based on her academic research, though she is still coming to grips with the long-term price she is likely to pay for taking a stand on a politically toxic issue.

“I know I’m foreclosing any sort of future at the State Department, or maybe even in the U.S. government, which I think is unfortunate because I really valued the work that I was doing there,” Sheline said.

As someone with “a daughter and a mortgage,” Sheline said, she understands the financial risk of quitting, one of many reasons her former colleagues cited for choosing to stay and fight for policy changes from inside government.

“They really believe in the mission,” she said. “They believe in America, and what this country says it’s supposed to stand for.”

Israel-Gaza war

Israel-Gaza war: Seven aid workers with World Central Kitchen were killed in an airstrike in Gaza , the nonprofit said Tuesday, blaming the Israel Defense Forces. Meanwhile, an airstrike near Iran’s embassy in Syria’s capital killed a senior Iranian commander and several Iranian diplomats, according to Tehran’s state media, which said it was an Israeli attack.

Middle East conflict: Tensions in the region continue to rise. As Israeli troops aim to take control of the Gaza-Egypt border crossing, officials in Cairo warn that the move would undermine the 1979 peace treaty. Meanwhile, there’s a diplomatic scramble to avert full-scale war between Israel and Lebanon .

U.S. involvement: U.S. airstrikes in Iraq and Syria killed dozens of Iranian-linked militants , according to Iraqi officials. The strikes were the first round of retaliatory action by the Biden administration for an attack in Jordan that killed three U.S. service members .

• Middle East conflict live updates: Aid group says Israeli strike killed 7; Netanyahu says civilians hit ‘unintentionally’ 3 hours ago Middle East conflict live updates: Aid group says Israeli strike killed 7; Netanyahu says civilians hit ‘unintentionally’ 3 hours ago
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