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5 Hot Spots for Bird Watching around Vancouver

Written by: Linda Bakker

Bird watching is an addictive outdoor activity that can easily be combined with a leisurely walk. The area around Vancouver provides lots of opportunities to spot a variety of birds year-round. Here are five best bird watching spots for you to explore.

The Reifel Bird Sanctuary in Delta, BC.

Reifel Bird Sanctuary

Reifel Bird Sanctuary is located in Ladner and is a very popular place for the novice and experienced birder as there’s lots to see for everyone. You don’t have to look far, the ducks will welcome you in the parking lot. Most likely you will encounter the pair of resident Sandhill Cranes as well. Watch out for the cranes during breeding season as they become very protective of their chicks. The British Columbia Waterfowl Society manages the Sanctuary and conducts regular bird counts, monitors species of concern, and regulates visitor activities. There’s lots of waterfowl, songbirds and birds of prey and every season throughout the year brings different species as they migrate to, through, and from the area. Hours: 9am-4pm, Admission: $5 (adults), $3 (children 2-14 and seniors 60+. More info: www.reifelbirdsanctuary.com

The shore area at Maplewood Flats in North Vancouver.

Maplewood Flats

The Conservation Area at Maplewood Flats in North Vancouver is the property of the Wild Bird Trust but the area is free to visit and offers a great variety of birds to see. The Wild Bird Trust keeps a sightings board at the entrance up to date so you’ll know what birds are in the area. This area is unique since it is a tidal mudflat and it attracts different species of shorebirds, waterfowl and birds of prey. Migratory birds are frequent visitors and songbirds and woodpeckers can be seen in the more wooded areas. More info: www.wildbirdtrust.org

A goose swims in Burnaby Lake near Piper Spit on the north side of the lake.

Burnaby Lake

Located in the heart of Burnaby, Burnaby Lake Park is a city park and offers excellent bird watching. Start at the Nature House and the boardwalk at Piper Spit on the north end of the lake off of Winston Street. Here you can encounter lots of resident ducks and geese. Famous are the Wood Ducks that can be very elusive, but are easily spotted perched on low hanging branches or in the water. The large nest-boxes that were put up across the water are for the Wood Ducks since they are cavity nesters and are suffering from the loss of habitat in the region. Different shorebirds can be spotted as well as different heron species and diving ducks. Songbirds can be found all around the lake and there’s a resident Bald Eagle pair on the south side. The large viewing tower next to Piper Spit offers a great view of the lake area. More info: www.burnabylakepark.ca

A snowy owl sits perched on a log near Boundary Bay.

Boundary Bay

Boundary Bay Regional Park in South Delta is an internationally recognized Important Bird Area, Thousands of birds stop by every year when they use the Pacific Flyway migration route, a major fly route for migratory birds that stretches from the North Slope of Alaska to Central and South America. The sandy beaches, salt and fresh water marshes, mudflats, sand dunes and meadows attract a wide variety of birds. Famous are the Snowy Owls that can turn up in the winter when they migrate south from the Arctic. Be discreet when you come to see these magnificent birds as many other bird watchers will be joining you.

A Great Blue Heron at Colony Farm in Coquitlam.

Colony Farm

A former farm located in Port Coquitlam is now a regional park called Colony Farm . Situated among grass fields, marshland and next to the Coquitlam River, migratory birds and wintering birds can be seen as well as nesting songbirds and raptors. Woodpeckers, Chickadees and the Short-Eared Owl love the old-field habitat that makes this area unique. The river and main ditches attract many species of waterfowl.

10 responses to “5 Hot Spots for Bird Watching around Vancouver”

Hi, I’m visiting Delta / Boundary Bay area in November 15, is this a good time for Eagles and other raptors for Photography ? Thanks

Hi Klaus, It is worth connecting with other birders in the Vancouver, Delta and Richmond area through a website called birdingpals.com. You might find a birder willing to pick you up at a us station and bring you out to Reifel Bird Sanctuary or Boundary Bay, for example, by looking for a “birding pal” who lives in Delta. It is sort of an exchange thing for sociable birders. If you sign up, perhaps you can help someone else who is travelling to Germany and doesn’t know birding spots.

Guten tag Klaus. I think the previous reply was sent before the lady understood your question. It would be extremely difficult to get to Reifel which is out in Ladner but no public transportation. And quite distant by taxi. However, here are two closeby choices. The Iona spit which is actually the long exit pipe from the water treatment plant or MacDonald Park. You can also elect not to walk out on the pipe and you can elect to walk out on the long marshy sand spit that separate the exit of the North Fraser from the salt water estuary.

Hi Jean Iona sand spit is wonderful! I’ve walked out to the end of the spit several times – bird life is not as prolific as you would find say in Boundary Bay Park – still you can find species well worth the long walk depending on the time of year you do take the hike. I’ve seen many bald eagles, semi-palmated plovers, a Virginia Rail (along one of the heavily reeded ponds near the entrance to the sandy beach).ducks of many kinds. Be prepared for a long walk of several kms but in summer you won’t mind because you can sit back and rest among the driftwood that lines the sandy beach.

Thanks all for the ideas and informations. I will look via Google maps where These places are and hope that i will found afew good sights.

Hi, I’m from Germany and I am on 22.03.2015 and on 23.03.2015 on a short business trip in a hotel in Vancouver. I will arrive on Sunday afternoon and Monday morning find some time to birding, but I have no car or have to rely on a taxi. The hotel is the Airport Marriott. Does anyone have an idea where and how I can use the time? Thanks in advance Klaus

Hi Klaus, You will see a lot of birds in a short period of time if you go to the Reifel Bird Sanctuary , Boundary Bay is a good option too. You’ll need a taxi to get there.

I am familiar with these bird watching locations -they all have a wonderful bird watching opportunities. Today I visited Boundary Bay and I saw a huge flock of Northern Pintails.

Bird Photographer visiting Vancouver at the end of May 2015 Would like to get information on best birds sites.

All these 5 locations are excellent for bird watching in May. If you’re visiting Vancouver and don’t have transportation, Burnaby Lake is the easiest and closest to get to. There’s an abundance of different duck species with their babies, shorebirds Canada Geese and many songbirds.

Puffin and Seabird Tours

The remote islands we explore on our Puffin and Seabird tours, off the northern tip of Vancouver Island—traditionally known in Kwak̓wala as Wa̱di and Hiładi—host the highest concentration of breeding seabirds on Canada’s west coast. The surrounding waters are incredibly rich, offering ideal feeding grounds for numerous species. Due to their ecological significance, these islands have been designated as an internationally recognized Important Bird Area.

Tour Highlights:

Duration: A full-day adventure lasting 9 to 10 hours, immersing you in the world of seabirds. A morning snack along with lunch, soft drinks, and hot drinks are provided.
Exclusive Locations: Travel through the traditional territories of the T̓łat̕ła̱sikwa̱la First Nation to the secluded islands of Wa̱di and Hiładi, home to the densest seabird populations on Canada’s west coast.
Important Bird Area: These islands are recognized internationally for their ecological importance, 90% of Canada’s Tufted Puffins nest on these islands.
Diverse Species: Some of the species possible include, Tufted and Horned Puffins, Common Murres, Cassin’s Auklets, Rhinoceros Auklets, Sooty Shearwaters, Black-footed Albatross, Leach’s Storm-petrels, Fork-tailed Storm-petrels, Bald Eagles, Peregrine Falcons, plus many more.
Additional Wildlife Sightings: Beyond birds, there’s a chance to spot humpback whales, orcas, sea otters, and sea lions during the tour.
Cultural Insight: Gain insights into the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous territories we explore.
Advanced Vessels: Our commitment to comfort is unrivaled. Our custom made vessels are specifically designed with individual shock mitigating seats to traverse vast areas efficiently and comfortably, maximizing your opportunities to encounter the diverse wildlife that thrives in these waters.

Please note: this is a long tour in a small boat on the open ocean and is weather and sea state dependent. The outermost islands may take 3 ½ to 4 hours travel time from Port Hardy. Guests need to be comfortable in small boats on the open ocean. If you are prone to motion sickness, this is not the tour for you.

Tufted Puffins and other seabirds were, and still are, an important past of local first nations’ traditional practices. Puffins shed their beaks, and those beaks provide a beautiful sound when being fastened and danced on regalia.

Departs at 7:30 am 9 to 10 Hour Tour

Scheduled public tours June 8, 22, July 6, and July 20, 2024

*** a minimum of six passengers are required to run this trip ***

Private charters are available throughout June and July on request

Adult (15 and older): $495 Private Charter: $4495

Searching Availability...

Puffin and Seabirds Tour Details

Minimum age of 15 years old. Passengers 18 and under must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
Tours depart from Coastal Rainforest Safari’s office at 7185 Market Street in Port Hardy, BC on Northern Vancouver Island.
Please arrive 30 minutes before the tour’s departure time to be outfitted in floater suits and sign a waiver . At the office, your guide will provide a safety briefing plus an overview of the tour and area we will be exploring. The boat is docked a short one minute walk from our office.
Our open RHIB vessels have comfortable seats on shock mitigating platforms and an on-board toilet.
RHIBs are not suitable for people with a history of back or neck injuries, recent surgery, or are pregnant.
Please dress warmly. You will be provided with two-piece flotation suits, warm hats, goggles, and binoculars.
Plenty of wildlife photography opportunities are available but please do not bring tripods on board.
A morning snack, lunch, soft drinks, and hot drinks are provided on Puffin and Seabird tours.

Port Hardy Whale Watching and Sea Otter Viewing Tours

We are located in Port Hardy at the north end of Vancouver Island. Learn more about Port Hardy, traveling here and local accommodations.

coastalrainforestsafaris

Sea otter viewing, whale watching, and wildlife viewing boat tours from Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

The northern tip of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, is a remote and rugged area known for its rich natural diversity. It features dense rainforests, steep mountains, and rocky coastlines, supporting a wide range of wildlife, including marine life like whales and sea otters, and land mammals such as black bears and cougars. The region’s old-growth temperate rainforests are especially significant, consisting of towering trees like Douglas firs and western red cedars. This area is also culturally important to the Indigenous Kwakwaka’wakw people, who have a long-standing connection with the land, evident in their traditions and conservation practices. #coastalrainforestsafaris #crs #gonorthisland #explorebc #explorecanada #explorevancouverisland ...

Getting anxious to see how many new pups there are this year in the territory. Sea otters typically give birth once a year, although this can vary depending on environmental conditions and the health of the otter. Each pregnancy results in the birth of usually one pup, and occasionally twins. The reproductive cycle for sea otters includes a gestation period of about six months, but they can delay implantation of the embryo, extending the gestation period up to a year in some cases. #coastalrainforestsafaris #crs #safetrueeducational #seaotterpup #seaotter #gonorthisland #explorebc #explorecanada #wildlifeplanet ...

The coastal rainforest of British Columbia, particularly on Vancouver Island, is a lush and biodiverse ecosystem teeming with life. Characterized by towering ancient trees, including Sitka spruce, Douglas fir, and Western red cedar, this rainforest is a vital habitat for numerous species of plants and animals. The mild, wet climate supports the growth of dense vegetation, from ferns and mosses to unique fungi and lichens. It’s also home to iconic wildlife such as black bears, cougars, bald eagles, and salmon, which rely on the rich resources provided by the forest and nearby ocean. The Indigenous peoples of the region, the Kwakwaka’wakw, have inhabited and stewarded these lands for thousands of years, with deep cultural connections to the rainforest and its resources. Despite facing threats from logging, urbanization, and climate change, efforts to conserve and protect this valuable ecosystem are ongoing, recognizing its ecological importance and intrinsic beauty. #coastalrainforestsafaris #crs #rainforest #coastalrainforest #vancouverisland #mystic #mystical #healthyecosystem ...

Humpback whales, renowned for their majestic presence in the world’s oceans, exhibit fascinating social behaviors that highlight their affinity for companionship and connection. These charismatic giants are known to form intricate social structures, often congregating in groups to engage in various activities and interactions. One remarkable aspect of humpback whale socialization is their tendency to form alliances and friendships within their pods. These pods, typically consisting of individuals with familial ties, provide a supportive environment where whales can forge bonds through communication, play, and cooperative behaviors. During the breeding season, male humpback whales are particularly social, competing for the attention of females through elaborate displays of acrobatics and vocalizations. These competitive yet cooperative interactions emphasize the dynamic nature of humpback whale societies, where individuals collaborate and compete for reproductive success. Beyond breeding activities, humpback whales also engage in communal behaviors such as feeding cooperatively using bubble-net feeding techniques. This cooperative feeding strategy involves a group of whales working together to corral and trap prey within a bubble net, allowing them to efficiently harvest vast quantities of food. Furthermore, humpback whales are known for their captivating songs, which play a crucial role in socializing and communicating within their populations. These intricate vocalizations are thought to serve various functions, including mate attraction, navigation, and maintaining social bonds within pods. Overall, the social lives of humpback whales offer a glimpse into the complex and interconnected nature of marine mammal societies. Through their shared experiences, cooperative behaviors, and expressive communication, humpback whales exemplify the importance of social bonds in the vast blue expanse they call home. #humpbackwhales #humpback #whales #gonorthisland #vancouverislandwildlife #majestic ...

🦅 Majestic Bald Eagles 🦅 Did you know that bald eagles are not actually bald? Their name comes from the Old English word “balde,” meaning white, referring to the bird’s striking white head. These magnificent creatures are not only a symbol of strength and freedom but also play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. Let’s celebrate the beauty and resilience of these incredible birds! #BaldEagles #Nature #Wildlife #Freedom #MajesticBeauty 🌿 ...

🌊🐺 Dive into the fascinating world of sea wolves with these fun facts! 🌟 Did you know... 1. Sea wolves are coastal specialists, uniquely adapted to thrive in the rugged landscapes of the Pacific Northwest. 🏞️ 2. Unlike their inland relatives, sea wolves are exceptional swimmers, often traversing between islands in search of prey. 🏊‍♂️🐟 3. Their fur is lighter in color, providing perfect camouflage against the coastal rocks and cliffs. 🌿🌊 4. These coastal predators play a vital role in maintaining the balance of marine and terrestrial ecosystems by controlling prey populations. 🦌🐬 5. While they face challenges like habitat loss, efforts are underway to study and conserve these majestic creatures for generations to come. 🌎💙 Join us in celebrating the beauty and importance of sea wolves in our coastal ecosystems! 🌟🐺 #SeaWolves #CoastalAdventures #WildlifeFacts 🌊🐾 #coastalrainforestsafaris #crs #safetrueeducational ...

Capturing moments between two indigenous gems; Coastal Rainforest Safaris and Sea Wolf Adventures! ...

Good day everyone! Here are some fun facts about sea otters! 1. Sea otters are the smallest marine mammals and are known for their playful behavior. 2. They have the densest fur of any animal, with up to 1 million hairs per square inch, providing excellent insulation. 3. Sea otters use tools, such as rocks, to crack open shellfish, making them one of the few non-human animals to use tools. 4. Unlike other marine mammals, sea otters don’t have a layer of blubber to keep them warm; instead, they rely on their fur and a high metabolism. 5. Sea otters are often seen floating on their backs, using their chest as a table for eating and grooming. 6. They have a “pocket” in their armpits where they store their favorite rocks or snacks. 7. Sea otters hold hands while floating in groups, called a “raft,” to stay together and prevent drifting apart. 8. Mothers often carry their pups on their chests, using kelp to anchor them in place while they hunt. 9. The sea otter’s gestation period is about six months, and they give birth to one pup at a time. 10. Sea otters are considered a keystone species, playing a crucial role in maintaining the health of the kelp forest ecosystem by controlling sea urchin populations. #coastalrainforestsafaris #crs #seaotters #gonorthisland #willdlifephotography #wildlifeplanet #indigenousbc ...

Sitting there with authority waiting for the right moment. Watching every movement of salmon swimming by making their way up to spawn! #blackbear #wildlifeplanet #bear #vancouverislandwildlife #gonorthisland #explorebc #explorecanada #kwakwakawakwterritory ...

Witnessing the untamed beauty of the ocean is truly a privilege, and this past summer, we were incredibly fortunate to be part of a very special encounter with a group of Biggs orcas.⁠ ⁠ At first, these majestic creatures eluded us with their deep dives, making the anticipation grow. Suddenly, the ocean erupted as they surged forward in pursuit of Dall`s porpoises, creating a spectacle of nature`s raw power.⁠ ⁠ In a display of teamwork, a couple of the orcas chased the speedy porpoises towards their waiting companions. Although the initial chase proved unsuccessful, the relentless pursuit unfolded for over 15 minutes, leaving us on the edge of our seats.⁠ ⁠ It was a captivating sight to witness T002B, a female born in 1979, leading the charge. Joining her in the pursuit were T109B, and her offspring T109B3, T109B4, and T109B5.⁠ ⁠ In a sheer sprint, the speedy Dall`s porpoises would outpace the orcas every time. However, the orcas` success lies in their cooperative hunting strategy, allowing these intelligent predators to improve their chances of securing a meal.⁠ ⁠ Swipe through these extraordinary snapshots to catch a glimpse of T002B in action and the coordinated effort of this group of orcas during an unforgettable hunt.⁠ ⁠ I forgot my camera this day, and these photos were graciously provided by our guests. 🙏📸⁠ .⁠ .⁠ .⁠ #whalewatching #orcas #biggs #killerwhales #visitporthardy #vancouverisland #gonorthisland #indigenousbc #wildlifephotography #explorevancouverisland #explorebc #explorecanada ...

Wishing everyone a Merry Christmas and a happy new year from our team! Looking forward to meeting and greeting you in 2024. Happy holidays! #charliebrowntree🎄 ...

Many great sightings of whales, while on our safaris. If you’d like to check out our website, please click the link in the bio! ...

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From misty coastal mountains right down to the rich estuaries of the Fraser River Delta, there is plenty of diversity to explore around Vancouver. Year-round western specialties like Sooty Grouse, Red-breasted Sapsucker, Northwestern Crow, Pacific Wren, and Varied Thrush should be of interest to most visiting birders. Winter is a fantastic time to visit when waterfowl and raptor numbers are at their peak, while spring and late summer/fall can produce an equally impressive spectacle of migrating shorebirds, and mixed flocks of songbirds.

Whether you’re a beginner wanting to learn more about local hotspots and common species, or a hardcore visiting birder targeting 4 or 5 lifers while here on a conference, we’re here to help!

*We can also arrange for a day-trip to Vancouver Island for the extremely localized Eurasian Skylarks, an any other specialties you may want to see.

Price is $325 for up to 3 participants.

Please book in advance to ensure availability.

All prices in Canadian Dollars.

Avocet Tours will cater to your needs and organize single or multi-day birding trips with an experienced birder for one person or groups throughout the year!

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Wildlife Viewing

Vancouver Island is home to a temperate rainforest in the Pacific Ocean; a biodiverse ecosystem that includes thousands of species of flora and fauna. Whales, bears, marmots, eagles, salmon, trout, and so much more thrive and survive on this island paradise. If Wildlife is your natural element, you’ll be right at home on Vancouver Island.

Near the old lighthouse at Cape Scott Provincial Park, the wind threatens to steal your hat. Out on the water, a bald eagle swoops down, brushes the ocean’s surface and returns to its nest. The sun glints off the salmon in its talons. Your first instinct isn’t to take a selfie. Instead, entranced by this raw glimpse of nature, you register it in a deeper, more lasting way.

No matter where you go on Vancouver Island, you’re mere steps from nature. Whether you’re watching seals on the docks in Victoria, gazing at Roosevelt elk from atop Nanaimo’s Green Mountain, learning about the habits of the Island’s black and grizzly bear populations in Port Hardy, or enjoying the solitude of Cathedral Grove, you’ll connect to a place in yourself; a place beyond words, where reverence and awe forge life-long memories.

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Vancouver Island’s Feathered Friends: 49 Birds You’ll Want to Photograph and Learn About

July 29, 2023 December 18, 2023

Vancouver Island is a haven for bird enthusiasts, as it is home to a diverse array of bird species. With its vast and varied geography, including coastal rainforests, mountain ranges, and wetlands, Vancouver Island provides an ideal habitat for an abundance of birdlife.

From majestic bald eagles to tiny hummingbirds, visitors to the island are treated to a stunning variety of birds.

Whether you are an avid birder or simply appreciate the beauty of nature, Vancouver Island is the perfect destination to immerse yourself in the world of birds.

In this article, we explore the incredible birdlife on this remarkable island.

1. Common Loon

The Common Loon is a beautiful bird found in North America . It has a large black head and neck, with a greenish to purple sheen that stands out against its dark grey upperparts.

The underparts are pure white except for some black on the undertail cover and vent.

During non-breeding season adults have brown plumage instead of the bright shades they show during breeding season.

They also exhibit unique behaviors such as diving underwater to catch fish or swimming along lakeshores while calling loudly, which is how they got their name “great northern diver”.

With their stunning colors and interesting behavior, it’s no wonder why these birds make up an iconic part of many landscapes across North America.

Scientific classification:

Also Featured In: Most Common United States Birds , Shetland Islands Birds You Should Know

2. Brown-Headed Cowbird

The Brown-headed Cowbird is a small, obligate brood parasitic icterid native to temperate and subtropical North America. It has a brown head with glossy black plumage on the body, wings, and tail feathers.

During summer months they can be found in prairies, grasslands as well and open wooded areas but during winter they migrate southwards towards the United States of Mexico for warmer climates.

They are mainly insectivorous birds that feed on insects like caterpillars or beetles but also consume some grains.

The female bird lays its eggs in nests of other species and then incubates them until hatching time thus leaving their chicks uncared for by themselves.

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3. American Dipper

The American dipper is a small but stocky bird found in North America, with grey feathers and white eyelids that cause its eyes to appear to flash.

It measures approximately 16.5 cm (6.5 in) long and has a wingspan of 23 cm (9.1 in).

The average weight for an adult is 46 g (1.6 oz). This species can be identified by its habit of bobbing up and down when it pauses on rocks or logs near rivers or streams.

Hence the nickname ‘water ouzel’. Its diet consists mainly of aquatic insects which are collected from fast-flowing water using the strong claws located at the ends of their toes – amazing.

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4. Canada Goose

The Canada goose is a majestic bird with a black head and neck , white cheeks, chin, and brown body. It’s native to North America but occasionally migrates to northern Europe across the Atlantic.

The species has been introduced in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Finland as well. Canada geese are strong flyers that travel in flocks for protection from predators; they also form monogamous pairs for life.

They feed on grasses or grains near ponds or wetlands where they make their nests of down which incubate eggs during summertime before hatching them out into goslings later on.

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5. Killdeer

The Killdeer bird is a large plover found in the Americas. It has an unmistakable call which gives it its name, and boasts striking upperparts of brown with rufous fringes.

Its head features patches of white and black, while two distinctive bands adorn its neck – one black above, and one chestnut below.

The undersides are mostly white or pale buff-brown; their wings feature bright orange stripes when they take flight.

During breeding season males perform elaborate courtship rituals to attract females into establishing a pair bond; they also defend territories fiercely against other birds that encroach on them during this time.

In winter months some killdeers migrate southwards but many stay put throughout the cold weather too.

All in all these beautiful creatures provide us with quite a sight indeed.

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6. Bewick’s Wren

The Bewick’s wren (Thryomanes bewickii) is a small, grey-brown bird native to North America. Measuring around 14 cm long it has distinctive white markings on its face and tail giving it an attractive appearance.

It can often be found in thickets or scrubby areas as well as urban gardens and parks.

Its song is loud and melodious which makes them popular amongst ornithologists; they are known for its complex vocalizations composed of whistles, clicks, churrs, and trills.

The Bewick’s Wren mainly feeds on insects but will also eat fruits if available during the colder months when food may otherwise be scarce.

This species of wren plays an important role in controlling insect populations making them beneficial inhabitants of our environment.

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7. Pied-Billed Grebe

The Pied-billed Grebe is a water bird found in ponds throughout the Americas. It has earned many nicknames, including American dabchick, rail, and Carolina grebe.

This species of grebe can be recognized by its distinctive bill which is pied or mottled with black and white markings.

Its brownish body is also covered in dark spots and well as long legs for swimming underwater to catch food such as aquatic insects and crustaceans.

The Pied-billed Grebes are monogamous birds that pair up during breeding season from spring to summer where they build their nests together on vegetation near the shoreline of lakes or slow-moving rivers.

These birds are solitary outside of mating season but will form small flocks when migrating south for winter months.

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8. Cormorants

Cormorants are a family of aquatic birds found around the world. They include 40 species, such as great cormorants and common shags.

In Britain, these two species are the most commonly seen in their natural habitats.

Cormorants have long necks, and webbed feet and can be identified by their glossy black feathers which they use to help them swim through water with ease as they hunt for food like fish or crustaceans.

They have an impressive wingspan often reaching up to five feet across when fully extended.

Despite being strong swimmers, these birds also enjoy spending time perched on rocks near rivers or shorelines where they will preen themselves in order to keep clean and dry during cooler weather conditions

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9. Red-Throated Loon

The Red-throated Loon is a migratory bird found in the northern hemisphere, with its breeding grounds primarily located in Arctic regions and wintering spots near coastal waters.

With an average length of 55 – 67 cm (22 – 26 inches), it’s the smallest member of the loon or diver family.

Its namesake comes from its bright red throat patch which contrasts against its white underside and grey back.

This species has adapted to life on icy seas; they are strong swimmers with powerful wings for long flights over open water when migrating seasonally.

Their diet consists mostly of fish but can also include crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians, and insects depending on availability.

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10. Canada Jay

The Canada jay is a beautiful bird that can be found in many parts of North America. It has pale grey underparts and darker grey upperparts, making it easy to identify from other birds.

Its wingspan typically measures around 13 inches long and its body length up to 9 inches, giving it the nickname ‘Whiskey Jack’ or ‘Camp Robber’.

These birds are usually seen foraging on the ground for food like fruits and small insects, although they also eat carrion, eggs, and nestlings when available.

They often store their collected food in caches hidden among branches near their nests as well as trees throughout their territories during winter months.

Their high intelligence makes them very adaptive scavengers who survive harsh winters while still being able to take advantage of summer bounty.

All these traits make this species one of nature’s most fascinating creatures.

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11. Red-Breasted Nuthatch

The Red-breasted Nuthatch is a beautiful and vocal songbird that can be found in coniferous forests across Canada, Alaska, the northeastern United States, and the western US.

This small bird has blue-grey upperparts with cinnamon underparts, a white throat and face with black eye stripe, a straight grey bill, and a black crown.

Its call sounds like a tin trumpet; it’s high-pitched yet nasal.

During mating season they form monogamous pairs to build their nest near tree trunks or branches at low heights off the ground where they lay 2 – 8 eggs at once.

They are very active little birds who love clinging to trees while searching for insect larvae or seeds within the bark of trees which helps control pest populations.

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12. Pileated Woodpecker

The pileated woodpecker is a large, majestic bird native to North America.

Its striking black plumage and red crest make it an unmistakable sight in the forest canopy of deciduous forests across eastern North America, the Great Lakes region, Canada’s boreal forests, and parts of the Pacific Coast.

It is one of the largest woodpeckers in North America: larger than any other confirmed species except for perhaps its relative; the ivory-billed woodpecker.

Insectivorous by nature, this stunning creature can be seen pecking away at tree trunks searching for food, or making nest cavities – all with remarkable skill.

The pileated woodpecker truly stands out as a symbol of beauty and resilience amongst our avian wildlife.

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13. Oystercatchers

Oystercatchers are a family of waders forming the Haematopodidae, with one genus; Haematopus.

They live in coastal regions around the world excluding both polar and some tropical areas of Africa & South East Asia.

Eurasian, South Island & Magellanic oystercatcher species also breed far inland – breeding grounds being found much deeper than other members of the family.

They have long beaks used to feed on molluscs such as mussels, clams, and oysters which they crack open using their strong bills.

Oystercatchers are usually quite vocal birds making various loud calls when disturbed or alarmed.

The males tend to display more brightly colored plumage compared to females who share similar brown/black hues for camouflage purposes during nesting season.

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14. Horned Grebe

The Horned Grebe is a small aquatic bird that belongs to the family of Podicipedidae. It has two known subspecies: P. auritus, which breeds in Palearctic regions, and P. cornutus which breeds in North America.

The Eurasian subspecies inhabits most parts of northern Europe and the Palearctic from Greenland to western China while its American counterpart can be found across Canada and Alaska down through California and some areas of Mexico’s coasts too.

This species adapts easily to different wetland habitats like lakes, rivers, or marshes with abundant vegetation cover for nesting purposes as well as protecting predators.

They are excellent divers who feed on fish eggs, insects, mollusks & crustaceans along with plant material such as seeds & grains when available seasonally throughout their range.

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15. Ruby-Crowned Kinglet

The Ruby-crowned Kinglet is a small passerine bird native to North America. It has olive-green plumage, white wing bars and an eye ring as well as a distinctive red crown patch on the males.

Juveniles look similar to adults with no distinguishing features other than size.

They are usually found in coniferous forests or woodlands where they spend much of their time searching for insects among foliage and branches while constantly flitting from place to place.

These birds have incredible energy levels that allow them to travel long distances during migration season without getting exhausted too quickly, making them one of nature’s most resilient species.

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16. Purple Finch

The Purple Finch is a species of finch from North America, belonging to the Fringillidae family.

It’s also known as an “American Rosefinch” due to its resemblance in color and size to some European rosefinches.

Their plumage ranges from pinkish-purple on their heads and wings, with a light brown underside.

They are small birds that measure about 5-6 inches long with short thin beaks for eating seeds and insects.

In addition, they have thick round bodies which help them stay warm during cold winters in the northern parts of their range.

The Purple Finch has adapted well over time making it easier for them to survive even though there are increasing threats posed by humans such as deforestation or habitat destruction caused by development projects near their habitats.

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17. Spotted Sandpiper

The Spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularius) is a small shorebird that can be found across North America and parts of South America.

It has an appealing spotted plumage, predominately brown with white spots on the wings, tail feathers, head, and neck.

The Common Sandpiper (A. hypoleucos) is its sister species which takes over geographically when the other moves away; they have been known to hybridize as well when strays settle down among breeders.

This bird was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in his twelfth edition of Systema Naturae as a migratory summer visitor to Europe but it now also occupies many habitats like beaches, riversides, and even grasslands during migration periods or for breeding season itself.

Its diet consists mainly of insects such as air-borne flies plus molluscs from shallow water areas – this makes them unique amongst waders.

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18. Harlequin Duck

The Harlequin Duck is a small sea duck found in North America, with its name coming from the French Arlequin and Italian Arlecchino of Commedia dell’arte.

It’s also known as Lords and Ladies, Painted Duck, Totem Pole Duck, Rock Duck, or Glacier Duck among others.

Its body color can be brownish-gray to black on its upper parts while its head and neck are white with chestnut sides.

Wings have large speculum patches that consist of greenish-black metallic feathers bordered by white ones.

The bill has a yellow tip which contrasts nicely against their dark eyes. They often swim close to shorelines where they feed on crustaceans such as mussels or crabs but will occasionally eat insects too.

These ducks are quite sociable birds so you might even spot them in flocks during migration season between October – April each year

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19. Chestnut-Backed Chickadee

The Chestnut-backed Chickadee is a small passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae. It lives within the Pacific Northwest region of America and Canada; its range extending from southern Alaska to southwestern California.

This species remains a permanent resident throughout its area rather than migrating seasonally, although feeding flocks may temporarily move short distances for food sources.

They are commonly found in woodlands with dense understory vegetation as well as suburban gardens.

The male and female birds can be distinguished by their distinctive patterned plumage: males have brown backs while females are grayer above but both share white bellies and buffy sides striped with black barring across their wings and tails.

These sociable birds usually feed on insects or seeds which they obtain from trees or shrubs using their sharp beaks.

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20. American Bushtit

The American bushtit is a small, social bird found in the New World. It’s the only species of its genus and family, Psaltriparus minimus.

First described by John Kirk Townsend in 1837, it inhabits forests and coasts from Alaska to Mexico.

With their tiny size (4-5 inches) they are easily identified by their gray or brown backs with white underparts.

Bushtits have long wings allowing them to travel quickly between trees; they form flocks that move together through branches looking for food such as insects, spiders eggs, and fruit while emitting soft chirps or squeaks.

They build beautiful large pendulous nests made of mosses that hang from tree branches high above ground level where they sleep at night.

These charming birds make delightful company during outdoor activities like hiking or camping trips.

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21. Brown Creeper

The Brown Creeper is a small songbird belonging to the Certhiidae family and is native to North America. It has brown upperparts with light spotting that resembles tree bark, as well as white underparts.

Its bill is long and thin with a slight downward curve while its tail is also long yet stiff; this helps it creep up trees.

This bird feeds mainly on insects which can be found in crevices of barks or dead plants, thanks to its curved bill which allows it access to these hard-to-reach places.

When searching for food they move diagonally upwards around trunks so their camouflage blends in perfectly with the background making them difficult to spot.

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22. Marbled Murrelet

The marbled murrelet is a small seabird from the North Pacific that belongs to the auk family. It can be found nesting in old-growth forests at higher latitudes where trees cannot grow, or on the ground.

This habit of nesting was only discovered after an astute tree climber spotted a chick back in 1974 – making it one of the last bird species native to North America whose nest remained unknown until then.

With its distinctive black and white plumage, this bird stands out amongst others; yet despite being so unique, their population has been declining due to human activity over recent years.

We must act now if we are to protect these fascinating creatures for future generations.

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23. Pine Siskin

The Pine Siskin is a small bird from the finch family, primarily found in North America. It has an irregular migratory range and was first described by American ornithologist Alexander Wilson in 1810.

The species gets its name pinus, which means “pine tree” in Latin, due to its frequent presence near coniferous trees.

Pine siskins are known for their yellow wing bars and streaked chests as well as their perky mannerisms when perched on branches or flying around looking for food during colder months.

They feed mostly on seeds of weeds, grasses, and other plants but can also be seen consuming insects at times during the summertime nesting season.

Its loud calls often alert nearby birds of potential danger while they nest high up among pine tree limbs where predators cannot reach them easily.

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24. Ring-Billed Gull

The Ring-billed Gull is a medium-sized seabird that can be seen throughout North America. Its head, neck, and underparts are white while its back and wings are silver-gray.

It has a relatively short yellow bill with a dark ring around it, as well as yellow legs.

The genus name for this species of gull comes from the Latin word ‘Larus’ which refers to large sea birds or gulls; while the specific delawarensis refers to the Delaware River where these birds were first discovered.

These beautiful creatures thrive near coasts, lakeshores, and other bodies of water but also have been known to inhabit urban areas such as parks close by those watersides due to their adaptability towards human habitats.

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25. Glaucous-Winged Gull

The Glaucous-winged Gull is a large white-headed bird that belongs to the Larus genus. It has grey wings, which gives it its name – glaucescens – derived from Ancient Greek and describing this coloration.

This species of gull prefers coastal areas, rarely venturing far away from the ocean’s waters. As such, they can be found in western Canada, Alaska, and parts of northern Asia down through Japan into Mexico.

The Glaucous-winged Gulls are often seen scavenging for food around beaches or fishing boats as well as nesting on islands off British Columbia during summer months.

They have adapted very well to urban environments too; their intelligent nature makes them quick learners when dealing with humans.

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26. Rufous Hummingbird

The beautiful Rufous Hummingbird is a small bird of 8 cm in length, with a long slender beak. It stands out due to its extraordinary flight skills and incredible migratory transits- they can fly up to 2,000 miles.

This species was formally described by German naturalist Johann Friedric in 1788 and belongs to the genus Selasphorus.

These birds are found all over North America and parts of Mexico during summertime; while wintering in Central America or northern South America.

They feed on nectar from flowers as well as insects for protein intake. With their vibrant feathers, agile flying abilities, and fascinating life cycle they make an interesting addition to any backyard wildlife habitat.

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27. Double-Crested Cormorant

The double-crested cormorant is a majestic bird with an impressive wingspan, found across North America from the Aleutian Islands down to Mexico.

Its black plumage stands out against its bright orange-yellow facial skin and some extended patches of white feathers on each side of its throat.

It measures between 28 – 35 inches in length and has webbed feet that enable it to swim gracefully through rivers and lakes, as well as coastal areas.

These birds are known for their voracious appetite for fish, sometimes diving over 100 ft deep into water looking for food.

Despite this reputation, they also feed on crustaceans, amphibians, and insects when available.

Cormorants have been part of many cultures throughout history due to their remarkable ability to fly long distances making them valued messengers or companions during fishing expeditions at sea.

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28. Brandt’s Cormorant

Brandt’s cormorant is a seabird of the Cormorant family that inhabits the Pacific coast of North America.

In summer, it can be found from Alaska to the Gulf of California but its population northwards migrates south during the winter season.

Its name Penicillatus originates from Latin which means painter’s brush referring to its white plumes on the head and neck.

It feeds mainly on small fish like herring, anchovy, etc., diving up to 30 m deep for food caught in cold water near shorelines or at sea around offshore islands or continental shelves.

They breed along rocky shoresline building nests out of seaweed and sticks close together in colonies numbering hundreds while producing two eggs per year with an incubation period lasting 25-35 days before chicks fledge after seven weeks post-hatching.

Brandt’s cormorants are considered an important species as they help maintain a balance between marine predators and prey by controlling populations through their diet habits.

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29. Hermit Thrush

The Hermit Thrush is a medium-sized bird native to North America. It is easily identified by its spotted feathers and measures between 15-18 cm in length, with a wingspan of 25-30 cm across.

This species has an unmistakable sweet song which can be heard during the spring and summer months throughout its range.

They feed on invertebrates such as insects, spiders, worms, snails, and berries when available seasonally.

The habitat of this thrush includes deciduous woodlands or thickets near streams or wetlands where they are known to nest high up in trees making them difficult to observe directly but their beautiful songs can often be heard from afar.

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30. Swainson’s Thrush

Swainson’s thrush is a medium-sized bird that belongs to the Catharus genus. Its coloration is subdued and its voice has been described as being flute-like, making it an appealing addition to any backyard.

It was named after William Swainson, an English ornithologist from the 19th century. The name of this species comes from Ancient Greek katharos which means “pure” or “clean” – appropriate for such a beautiful creature.

This type of thrush can be found throughout North America in habitats ranging from coniferous forests to open fields with scattered trees and shrubs; they also migrate south during winter months.

Despite their beauty, these birds are declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation so we must work together if we want them around forever.

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31. Varied Thrush

The Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) is the only species in its genus and belongs to the thrush family, Turdidae.

It was first described by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1789 as Turdus naevius, based on a specimen owned by John Latham which had been described as “Spotted Thrush” four years earlier.

This bird has an olive-brown back with reddish streaks along white underparts; it also bears spots of yellow or orange coloring across its chest.

Its wings are black with bold white patches while its tail appears long and pointed at times when spread out during flight.

The varied thrush can be found throughout western North America from Alaska southwards into California, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico where they prefer habitats such as coniferous forests and mountain areas near streams or rivers for their habitat.

They feed mainly on insects but will also eat fruits if available making them omnivorous birds.

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32. Red-Breasted Sapsucker

The red-breasted sapsucker is a medium-sized woodpecker native to the forests of the west coast of North America.

It has a striking appearance with its bright red head and upper chest, white lower belly, black back, and wings with bars and a large white wing patch.

These birds nest in tree cavities during mating season while northern specimens migrate south for winter months.

They are often seen tapping on trees to drill holes into them to feed on sap or bark insects that live beneath them.

Additionally, they have been observed feeding from birdfeeders which makes them great additions to backyard bird-watching activities.

Overall, the red-breasted sapsucker is an interesting species worth discovering.

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33. Golden-Crowned Kinglet

The Golden-crowned Kinglet is a small songbird native to North America. It has an olive-gray top and white underparts, with thin bills and short tails.

The most distinguishing feature of this bird is its yellow crown, surrounded by a black patch that extends through the eyes.

Males have an additional orange patch in the middle of their yellow crowns. They are active birds, often seen flitting from branch to branch as they search for insects or other food sources in trees or shrubs.

During winter months when there’s less insect prey available, Golden-crowned Kinglets will join mixed-species flocks searching for berries on bushes and trees throughout forests across North America.

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34. Orange-Crowned Warbler

The Orange-crowned Warbler is a small songbird from the New World warbler family. It was formally described in 1822 by Thomas Say, who gave it its scientific name Sylvia celatus – Latin for ‘cloaked’.

This species has an olive-green back and wings with yellowish underparts. The males have bright orange crowns during breeding season, which gives this bird its namesake.

They can be found mainly in North America but they also migrate to Central America during winter months.

Their diet consists of insects such as butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, and beetles; they may also consume fruits occasionally when available.

These birds are relatively quiet except for their mating calls which include whistles or buzzing sounds that last a few seconds long each time.

The Orange-crowned Warbler is one of the most widespread passerines today due to their hardiness and adaptability; however, there remains the threat of habitat destruction that could affect many populations negatively if not addressed soon enough.

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35. Common Yellowthroat

The Common Yellowthroat is a small, New World Warbler found throughout North America. It has distinctive yellow and black plumage that earned it the nickname “Yellow Bandit” in the Midwest United States.

This species is highly adaptable and can be found inhabiting wetlands, grasslands, shrubland habitats, as well as suburban areas.

The genus of this bird’s scientific name translates to mean ‘ground’ and ‘small bird’, which are fitting characteristics for such an elusive yet common little creature.

Its diet consists predominantly of insects but may also include other invertebrates like spiders or worms.

Overall the Common Yellowthroat makes an excellent addition to any backyard with its cheerful song.

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36. Pacific Golden Plover

The Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) is an attractive migratory shorebird known for its breeding habits in Alaska and Siberia.

During the non-breeding season, these medium-sized birds migrate widely across the Pacific.

It was formally described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1789 as part of his revised edition of Carl Linnaeus’s Systema Naturae.

The species has a unique yellowish coloration with dark markings on their wings and back which gives them splendid camouflage against coastal rocks or sand beaches during migration periods.

They are omnivorous feeders who primarily eat insects, small crustaceans, worms, and plant material like seeds or berries found along coastlines while migrating through various islands such as Hawaii, New Zealand, etc.. A remarkable bird that possesses both beauty and resilience.

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37. Steller’s Jay

Steller’s jay is a beautiful and colorful bird native to western North America and the mountains of Central America.

It has a distinctive long crest that sets it apart from other birds, with its blue feathers streaked with black, white, gray, and brown markings.

This species is closely related to the blue jays found in eastern North America but can be distinguished by their longer crests.

They are known for being highly vocal birds who like to make loud calls throughout forests they inhabit as well as stealing food from unsuspecting mammals or raiding bird feeders when given the chance.

Steller’s Jays have adapted well to human presence in areas they populate making them great backyard visitors if you’re lucky enough.

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38. Black-Headed Grosbeak

The Black-headed Grosbeak is a medium-sized bird that belongs to the Cardinalidae family. It has a black head and upperparts, while its underparts are bright yellow.

This striking contrast makes it easy to distinguish from other birds. The grosbeak typically measures 19 cm in length and weighs around 47 grams.

During summer months, they migrate northward up into southwestern British Columbia for nesting grounds where they can find plenty of seeds as food sources.

They also hybridize with Rose-breasted Grosbeaks on the Great Plains in America, creating even more colorful plumage variations amongst these species.

All in all, this beautiful songbird will make an excellent addition to any backyard or garden if you’re lucky enough to spot one.

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Juncos are small North American birds belonging to the Passerellidae family. Although their name appears to have Spanish origins, they rarely inhabit areas with rush plants.

They vary in size and color depending on species but generally have dark heads and greyish-brown bodies.

In winter months, Juncos flock together to form huge roosting groups or migrate southwards for warmer climates.

These hardy little creatures can often be seen hopping around gardens scavenging for food during snowstorms.

Their diet consists of a variety of items including seeds, berries, and insects – making them popular garden visitors year-round.

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40. Black-Throated Gray Warbler

The Black-throated Gray Warbler is a species of New World warbler belonging to the Parulidae family. It measures 13 cm in length and has gray and white plumage with distinct black markings.

Males have bold black throats, along with black stripes on their heads and streaks on their flanks; females are paler versions of males but still feature similar coloration patterns.

These birds breed throughout western North America from Alaska to Mexico during the summer months before migrating southwards for wintertime.

The Black-throated Gray Warblers typically inhabit coniferous forests near rivers or streams where they forage for insects among foliage by gleaning or hovering briefly over branches.

They have also been known to feed upon berries when available as well as nectar during migration periods.

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41. Sandpiper

Sandpiper is a type of wading bird that belongs to the family Scolopacidae. It is a diverse family that includes various species such as curlew and snipe.

Sandpipers have different bill lengths that allow them to feed on small invertebrates and creatures found in mud or soil.

Due to this diversity, different species can coexist in the same habitat without competing for food.

Sandpipers are commonly found near the coast but are also found in other wetland environments.

They are known for their slender legs, long beak, and streamlined body that enables them to move easily in and out of water.

Sandpipers are a unique and fascinating bird species that are interesting to observe in their natural habitat.

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42. Sooty Shearwater

The sooty shearwater is a medium-large seabird in the Procellariidae family. It is also known as tītī in New Zealand and muttonbird, like its relatives.

Johann Friedrich formally described the bird in 1789.

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Plovers are a diverse group of wading birds, encompassing approximately 66 different species. They belong to the subfamily Charadriinae and are found in various regions of the world (excluding the Sahara).

Plovers are often referred to as “dotterel” and are closely related to lapwings, which consist of around 20 species.

These birds are known for their distinctive behavior patterns, including running instead of flying when threatened, and their unique breeding habits, such as nesting on beaches and exposed grasslands.

Plovers are considered a symbol of love and devotion in some cultures and have been featured in various mythological stories throughout history.

With their striking appearance and intriguing characteristics, plovers are a fascinating group of birds that continue to captivate researchers and enthusiasts alike.

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44. Northern Flicker

The Northern flicker is a woodpecker species found in North America, Central America, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands. This medium-sized bird is known for its unique migration behavior.

Over 100 common names are used to refer to the Northern Flicker, one of them being “yellowhammer”. It is a beautiful bird with distinctive markings and colorful plumage.

The Northern flicker is an important species in its ecosystem and plays a key role in maintaining a healthy balance in the environment.

Despite being a woodpecker, the Northern Flicker has a diverse diet that includes insects, fruits, and seeds.

It is fascinating to observe this bird as it pecks at trees in search of food, communicates with its unique vocalizations, and performs its incredible aerial displays.

The Northern flicker is truly a remarkable bird species that is worthy of our admiration and protection.

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45. Cedar Waxwing

The Cedar waxwing, also known as Bombycilla cedrorum, is a medium-sized bird found in North and Central America.

They have a mixture of brown, gray, and yellow feathers on their body, and their wings have wax-like tips.

These birds prefer open wooded areas in Southern Canada for breeding, and during winter, they migrate to the Southern part of the United States, Central America, and the far.

The Cedar waxwing is a member of the waxwing family of birds or Bombycillidae family.

They are known for their distinctive crest on their head and a black mask-like area around their eyes.

These birds are social creatures and can often be seen in large flocks, sometimes even intermixing with other bird species.

Their diet consists mainly of fruit and insects, and they are important dispersers of fruit seeds.

The Cedar waxwing bird is a beautiful and fascinating creature to observe in the wild.

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46. Red-Necked Grebe

Red-necked grebe, also known as Podiceps grisegena, is a migratory aquatic bird that can be found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

During the winter, they prefer calm waters beyond the waves near ocean coasts or large lakes.

In terms of breeding, these birds breed in shallow bodies of fresh water like lakes, marshes, or fish ponds.

They are not dependent on specific habitats but seem to prefer areas that provide them with enough food supplies.

These birds are known for their unique redneck and prefer to swim underwater when threatened.

Overall, the Red-necked Grebe is an interesting and unusual bird with distinct physical characteristics and behaviors.

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47. Northern Shrike

The northern shrike, also known as Lanius borealis, is a songbird species categorized under the shrike family. It is native to North America and Siberia and was previously classified as a subspecies of the great grey shrike.

However, it was recognized as a distinct species in 2017. Currently, there are six identified subspecies of the northern shrike.

This bird species was officially described by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot, a French ornithologist, in 1808.

It is a relatively large bird with a fascinating predatory behavior of impaling its prey on thorns or barbed wire fences.

The northern shrike’s popularity in birdwatching is due to its striking appearance with a black mask and grayish-brown back and wings.

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48. Pacific Loon

The Pacific loon, also known as the Pacific diver, belongs to the loon family and is a medium-sized bird. It was recognized as a separate species in 1985, previously considered the same as the black-throated loon.

The name is Gavia comes from the Latin term for “sea mew”, as referred to by ancient Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder. The specific epithet for the Pacific loon, Pacifica, is derived from Latin and means “of the Pacific”.

This bird is known for its striking appearance with distinctive black-and-white markings on its head and neck.

It migrates long distances during breeding and non-breeding seasons and can be found in arctic and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

Overall, the Pacific loon is an interesting and unique bird species with several fascinating traits and characteristics.

Also Featured In: Native Birds Of Winter Island ,

49. Western Grebe

The Western grebe or Aechmophorus occidentalis is a type of water bird in the Grebe family. It is also known as “dabchick”, “swan grebe”, or “swan-necked grebe”.

Although fossils of this bird have been found and initially identified as a distinct species, they were later classified as paleosubspecies called Aechmophorus occidentalis lucasi.

Recent studies have challenged this classification and suggest that they belong to the same species.

The Western grebe is commonly found in the western part of North America, living in freshwater or saline lakes, and usually mate for life.

A peculiar characteristic of this bird is their courtship dance, in which they run over the water’s surface with synchronized and quick movements.

Despite their beauty and grace, Western grebes have experienced population declines due to habitat loss and water pollution, among other factors.

Vancouver Island is a paradise for bird enthusiasts, boasting a diverse array of 49 avian species that call this beautiful region home.

From the majestic bald eagle to the colorful hummingbirds and the charismatic puffins, the island offers a unique opportunity to observe and appreciate the rich birdlife of the Pacific Northwest.

Whether you’re a seasoned birder or simply a nature lover, Vancouver Island’s stunning landscapes and abundant bird species make it an ideal destination for birdwatching.

So, grab your binoculars, explore the island’s lush forests, pristine beaches, and wetlands, and embark on a captivating journey through the world of these 49 fascinating birds.

Snorkel, Kayak, and Seal Adventure

This excursion departs from Horseshoe Bay taking you to the nearby seal colony of Pam Rocks in scenic Howe Sound. Here, marine lovers have the chance to experience a face-to-face encounter with harbour seals in their natural environment.

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Snorkel & kayak with seals minutes from Vancouver

Get up close and personal with our local seals for a true west coast experience in this multi-activity sea adventure! This value-added activity includes all you need for an afternoon of snorkelling and kayaking with seals! The sea life cruise is an excellent choice for all ages and abilities, individuals or groups. Guests can watch as seals sun themselves on the rocks or swim about in their own aquatic environment. You’ll don a wetsuit to keep you warm and buoyant then hop in with a certified snorkel guide. What happens next is completely up to the seals! Next we take you to another island where you will kayak with more seals! You will experience spectacular ocean scenery, multitudes of birds from the nearby bird sanctuary, bald eagles, and many types of marine life including the famous seals!

Trip Details

During this adventure, you will have the opportunity to snorkel and kayak with seals in their natural habitat.

Please arrive 1 hour prior to scheduled departure to check-in at our Expedition Center and get sized for your complimentary gear.

Our vessel departs from the dock in Horseshoe Bay at 2pm, returns to the dock by 6pm.

Bring along your cameras, bathing suit and towel, and clothing suitable for the day.

Informative, friendly, and professional guides

Snorkeling kit, wetsuit, and all kayak gear included

Hot drinks and snacks included

No experience necessary

Please advise of any special equipment requirements or medical concerns at the time of booking.

Trips depart rain or shine - our wetsuits are thick and will keep you very warm and buoyant. Our boat is fully enclosed and dry on rainy days to enjoy a cup of hot soup after your plunge!

There is a possibility of cancellation after confirmation due to weather conditions.

Requirements

Guests must be able to swim confidently.

Children must be accompanied by a parent or guardian (including in-water).

Minors under 19 must have a waiver signed by a parent or guardian before boarding.

Not recommended for participants with heart complaints or serious medical conditions.

Operates in all weather conditions, please dress appropriately.

Please Note

Do not touch, feed, pet, or otherwise disturb the seals. Our charter is designed for sightseeing only. However, seals are curious and playful in nature and may swim up to you for a closer look. That is fine. Just float calmly and let them do their thing. Before your tour, our expert staff will go over the specific "Do's and Don'ts" to make for the best and most natural encounter!

by Mark Smith - Come on, let’s go!

Canadian Eagle Feeding Frenzy

Hundreds of eagles raining down from above in a massive feeding frenzy! It is unlike anything I have ever experienced. A non-stop adrenaline fueled ride where eagles come from practically every direction and snatch fish from the surface of the water at speeds of up to 50. M.P.H. You will literally be right in the middle of all the crazy action. It is an incredible experience quite unlike any other!

This isn’t just for eagles either. We will also be looking for Black Bears, Humpback whales, Orcas, Dolphin, Seals, Sealions, Harlequin ducks and more. See the sample Itinerary below.

This workshop is small and limited to 8 photographers per group. It will sell out very quickly.

Use the form below to start the sign-up process.

This workshop is in high demand and for good reason. There is no place like it anywhere on this planet. I highly suggest adding your name and email to the waiting list below.

2024 Group A – JUNE 3-7 2024- SOLD OUT

2024 Group B – JUNE 10-14 2024- SOLD OUT

2024 Group C – JUNE 17-21 2024- SOLD OUT

2024 Group D – JUNE 24-28 2024 – SOLD OUT

This workshop costs $5800.00 USD per person. Full payment info such as % down, when the balance is due, cancellation and refund policy coming soon.

What’s Included In the Cost?

3 Gourmet Meals Per Day (If you have food allergies please let me know.)
Photography Instruction
Gear Troubleshooting (Hopefully this isn’t needed.)
Guide Services

What’s Not Included In the Cost?

Flights to the lodge.
Travel Insurance.
Lodging and transportation outside of the lodge. See below.

Getting There

This workshop takes place just south of The Great Bear Rainforest on a remote island in Canada. It is only accessible by boat or float plane.

For people coming from the USA – In order to make things faster, easier and more fun. I highly suggest the float plane. This will cost between $800.00 – $1000.00 US dollars round trip. I took one to the lodge and loved it! We will be chartering one from Kenmore Air just outside of Seattle.

The flights into the lodge typically take off 40 mins north of Seattle in the morning. The flight to the lodge is a couple of hours. This will put you at the lodge just in the right amount of time to get oriented, eat lunch and then we head out for our fist eagle feeding frenzy.

I suggest booking a flight to Seattle the day before your scheduled workshop. For instance: If your 1st scheduled workshop date is June 12th, your flight into Seattle should be arriving on the 11th. Book a hotel room in Seattle and then take an Uber or a cab to Kenmore Air the follow morning June 12th. Your flight on the float plane will be waiting for you. We will be arranging the flights with Kenmore Air.

For people coming from outside the USA – Book your initial flight to Vancouver, BC, Canada. This will put you a short distance from the lodge. You will then have to take a Float plane to the lodge. We are currently working on this portion of the logistics for people outside of the United States.

Located right on the water with its own resident pair of eagles, the lodge consists of 8 rooms each with their own private bath and shower. Each room features a queen size bed, WIFI and Satellite TV. I found the rooms to be super comfortable. Exactly what’s needed after a day of photography.

There is a common dining room where we will feast together and of course, there is a bar. The food is all prepared by an in house chef and much of the food is caught right there on site. Think fresh seafood. Fish & Crab! You won’t go hungry.

The views from the lodge are incredible and the crazy eagle action can actually be seen right from the deck.

Gear Recommendations

I highly suggest two camera bodies. If you only have one, that is fine too! At times the eagles are very, very close. I highly suggest a zoom lens like the 100-400 or 200-600. This is almost a necessity at times. I also suggest one good prime if you have one. A 400MM, 500MM or 600MM would be good.

No tripods or gimbals. If you must use something, a monopod will be okay. We will be doing all of our photography from a boat! Tripods get in the way.

Bring plenty of memory cards and spare batteries. You will need them. You can charge up over night but having more than enough batteries is always a great idea.

Clothing Recommendations

We will be in Canada but it will be summer. It can be on the cold side at night and warm during the day. Pack for easy to remove layers. I suggest a hat to keep the sun off your face. Sunglasses and sunscreen are a must .We will be on the water most of the time.

Sample Itinerary

Day 1 – Half Day – Fly into the lodge. Get situated with your room, have lunch and then a short orientation where we can discuss photography gear and settings. Then we take off for an afternoon eagle feeding frenzy until dark. Return to the lodge for dinner, then off to bed.

Day 2 – Full Day – Up early for breakfast together then we head out at low tide looking for bears feasting in the shallows. It isn’t uncommon to see whales, dolphins and load of marine mammals as well. Back to the lodge for lunch and then off for your second eagle feeding frenzy until dark and then back to the lodge for dinner and some much needed rest.

Day 3 – Full Day – Up early for breakfast together then we head out again looking for more great wildlife photo opportunities. Back to the lodge for lunch and then possible a short hike to Eagle lake where we look for bathing eagles. Head out for another eagle feeding frenzy until dark then back to the lodge for dinner and some much needed rest.

Day 4 – Full Day – Up early for breakfast together then we head out again looking for more great wildlife photo opportunities. Back to the lodge for lunch and then short siesta before heading out for another eagle feeding frenzy until dark then back to the lodge for dinner and some much needed rest.

Day 5 – Half Day – Up early for breakfast together then we head out again looking for more great wildlife photo opportunities. Back to the lodge by lunch and then back on the float plane back home.

Things To Consider

If you don’t like flying in small planes, this might not be the workshop for you. The majority of the photography is done from a boat. While the water is typically flat and smooth, if you don’t like boats then this workshop isn’t for you.

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Acanthisittidae – New Zealand Wrens
Acanthizidae – Australasian Warblers
Acrocephalidae – Reed & Brush Warblers Etc.
Aegithalidae – Bush Tits
Aegithinidae – Ioras
Alaudidae – Larks
Arcanatoridae – Dapple-throat & Allies
Artamidae – Woodswallows, Butcherbirds & Currawongs
Atrichornithidae – Scrub-birds
Bernieridae – Malagasy Warblers
Bombycillidae – Waxwings
Buphagidae – Oxpeckers
Calcariidae – Longspurs & Snow Buntings
Callaeidae – Kokako & Saddlebacks
Campephagidae – Cuckooshrikes, Cicadabirds, Trillers & Minivets
Cardinalidae – Cardinals, Grosbeaks & Allies
Certhiidae – Treecreepers
Cettidae – Bush Warblers, Tesias & Allies
Chaetopidae – Rockjumpers
Chloropseidae – Leafbirds
Cinclidae – Dippers
Cisticolidae – Cisticolas, Prinia, Tailorbirds & Allies
Climacteridae – Australasian Treecreepers
Cnemophilidae – Satinbirds
Coerebidae – Bananaquit
Conopophagidae – Gnateaters
Corcoracidae – Australian Mudnesters
Corvidae – Crows, Jays, Magpies & Allies
Cotingidae – Cotingas, Fruiteaters & Allies
Dasyornithidae – Bristlebirds
Dicaeidae – Flowerpeckers
Dicruridae – Drongos
Donacobiidae – Donacobius
Dulidae – Palmchat
Elachuridae – Spotted Wren-babbler
Emberizidae – Buntings, New World Sparrows & Allies
Erythroceridae – Yellow Flycatchers
Estrildidae – Waxbills, Munias & Allies
Eulacestomatidae – Ploughbill
Eupetidae – Rail-Babbler
Eurylaimidae – Broadbills
Formicariidae – Antthrushes
Fringillidae – Finches, Seedeaters, Euphonias & Allies
Furnariidae – Ovenbirds
Grallariidae – Antpittas
Hirundinidae – Swallows & Martins
Hyliotidae – Hyliotas
Hylocitreidae – Yellow-flanked Whistler
Hypocoliidae – Hypocolius
Icteridae – Oropendolas, Orioles, Blackbirds & Allies
Ifritidae – Blue-capped Ifrit
Incertae Sedis – Uncertain Families
Irenidae – Fairy-bluebirds
Laniidae – Shrikes
Leiothrichidae – Turdoides Babblers, Laughingthrushes, Barwings & Sibias
Locustellidae – Grassbirds & Allies
Machaerirhynchidae – Boatbills
Macrosphenidae – Crombecs, Longbills & African Warblers
Malaconotidae – Bushshrikes, Tchagras, Puffbacks & Boubous
Maluridae – Australasian Wrens
Melampittidae – Melampittas
Melanocharitidae – Berrypeckers & Longbills
Melanopareiidae – Crescent-chests
Meliphagidae – Honeyeaters
Menuridae – Lyrebirds
Mimidae – Mockingbirds, Thrashers & Allies
Mohoidae – O’os
Mohouidae – Whitehead, Yellowhead & Brown Creeper
Monarchidae – Monarchs, Paradise Flycatchers & Allies
Motacillidae – Longclaws, Pipits & Wagtails
Muscicapidae – Old World Flycatchers
Nectariniidae – Sunbirds & Spiderhunters
Neosittidae – Sitellas
Nicatoridae – Nicators
Notiomystidae – Stitchbird
Oreoicidae – Australasian Bellbirds
Oriolidae – Old World Orioles, Pitohuis & Figbirds
Orthonychidae – Logrunners & Chowchilla
Pachycephalidae – Whistlers & Allies
Panuridae – Bearded Reedling
Paradisaeidae – Birds-of-paradise
Paramythiidae – Painted Berrypeckers
Pardalotidae – Pardalotes
Paridae – Tits & Chickadees
Parulidae – New World Warblers
Passeridae – Old World Sparrows
Pellorneidae – Fulvettas, Ground Babblers & Allies
Petroicidae – Australasian Robins
Peucedramidae – Olive Warbler
Philepittidae – Asities
Phylloscopidae – Leaf Warblers & Allies
Picathartidae – Rockfowl
Pipridae – Manakins
Pittidae – Pittas
Pityriaseidae – Bristlehead
Platysteiridae – Wattle-eyes & Batises
Ploceidae – Weavers, Widowbirds & Allies
Pnoepygidae – Wren-babblers
Polioptilidae – Gnatcatchers
Pomatostomidae – Australasian Babblers
Prionopidae – Helmetshrikes
Promeropidae – Sugarbirds
Prunellidae – Accentors
Psophodidae – Whipbirds, Jewel-babblers & Quail-thrushes
Ptilogonatidae – Silky-flycatchers
Ptilonorhynchidae – Bowerbirds & Catbirds
Pycnonotidae – Bulbuls
Regulidae – Goldcrests & Kinglets
Remizidae – Penduline Tits
Rhagologidae – Mottled Berryhunter
Rhinocryptidae – Tapaculos
Rhipiduridae – Fantails
Sapayoidae -Sapayoa
Scotocercidae – Streaked Scrub Warbler
Sittidae – Nuthatches
Stenostiridae – Fairy Flycatchers
Sturnidae – Starlings, Mynas & Rhabdornis
Sylviidae – Sylviid Babblers, Parrotbills & Fulvettas
Tephrodornithidae – Woodshrikes & Allies
Thamnophilidae – Antbirds
Thraupidae – Tanagers & Allies
Tichodromidae – Wallcreeper
Timaliidae – Babblers
Tityridae – Tityras, Becards & Allies
Troglodytidae – Wrens
Turdidae – Thrushes
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Urocynchramidae – Przevalski’s Finch
Vangidae – Vangas
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Zosteropidae – White-eyes, Yuhinas & Allies
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Aegothelidae – Owlet-nightjars
Alcedinidae – Kingfishers
Alcidae – Auks
Anatidae – Swans, Geese & Ducks
Anhimidae – Screamers
Anhingidae – Darters
Anseranatidae – Magpie Goose
Apodidae – Swifts
Apterygidae – Kiwis
Aramidae – Limpkin
Ardeidae – Herons, Egrets & Bitterns
Balaenicipitidae – Shoebill
Brachypteraciidae – Ground Rollers
Bucconidae – Puffbirds
Bucerotidae – Hornbills
Bucorvidae – Ground Hornbills
Burhinidae – Thick-knees & Stone Curlews
Cacatuidae – Cockatoos
Capitonidae – New World Barbets
Caprimulgidae – Nightjars & Nighthawks
Cariamidae – Seriemas
Casuariidae – Cassowaries
Cathartidae – New World Vultures
Charadriidae – Plovers, Lapwings & Dotterels
Chionidae – Sheathbill
Ciconiidae – Storks
Coliidae – Mousebirds
Columbidae – Doves & Pigeons
Coraciidae – Rollers
Cracidae – Chachalacas, Curassows & Guans
Cuculidae – Old World Cuckoos
Diomedeidae – Albatrosses
Dromadidae – Crab Plover
Dromaiidae – Emu
Eurypygidae – Sunbittern
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Fregatidae – Frigatebirds
Galbulidae – Jacamars
Gaviidae – Divers or Loons
Glareolidae – Coursers & Pratincoles
Gruidae – Cranes
Haematopodidae – Oystercatchers
Heliornithidae – Finfoots & Sungrebe
Hemiprocnidae – Treeswifts
Hydrobatidae – Northern Storm Petrels
Ibidorhynchidae – Ibisbill
Indicatoridae – Honeyguides
Jacanidae – Jacanas
Laridae – Gulls, Terns & Skimmers
Leptosomatidae – Cuckoo Roller
Lybiidae – African Barbets
Megalimidae – Asian Barbets
Megapodiidae – Megapodes
Meropidae – Bee-eaters
Mesitornithidae – Mesites
Momotidae – Motmots
Musophagidae – Turacos, Plantain-eaters & Go-away-birds
Numididae – Guineafowl
Nyctibiidae – Potoos
Oceanitidae – Austral Storm Petrels
Odontophoridae – New World Quails
Opisthocomidae – Hoatzin
Otididae – Bustards, Floricans & Korhaans
Pandionidae – Ospreys
Pedionomidae – Plains Wanderer
Pelecanidae – Pelicans
Pelecanoididae – Diving Petrels
Phaethontidae – Tropicbirds
Phalacrocoracidae – Cormorants & Shags
Phasianidae – Pheasants, Grouse, Partridges & Allies
Phoenicopteridae – Flamingos
Phoeniculidae – Wood Hoopoes & Scimitarbills
Picidae – Woodpeckers
Pluvianellidae – Magellanic Plover
Pluvianidae – Egyptian Plover
Podargidae – Frogmouths
Podicipedidae – Grebes
Procellariidae – Petrels, Diving Petrels & Shearwaters
Psittacidae – African & New World Parrots
Psittaculidae – Old World Parrots
Psophiidae – Trumpeters
Pteroclidae – Sandgrouse
Rallidae – Rails, Crakes, Gallinules & Coots etc.
Ramphastidae – Aracari, Toucans & Toucanets
Recurvirostridae – Avocets & Stilts
Rheidae – Rheas
Rhynochetidae – Kagu
Rostratulidae – Painted Snipe
Sagittariidae – Secretarybird
Sarothruridae – Flufftails
Scolopacidae – Woodcock, Snipe, Sandpipers & Allies
Scopidae – Hammerkop
Semnornithidae – Toucan Barbets
Spheniscidae – Penguins
Steatornithidae – Oilbird
Stercorariidae – Skuas or Jaegers
Strigidae – Owls
Strigopidae – New Zealand Parrots
Struthionidae – Ostriches
Sulidae – Gannets & Boobies
Thinocoridae – Seedsnipe
Threskiornithidae – Ibises & Spoonbills
Tinamidae – Tinamous
Todidae – Todies
Trochilidae – Hummingbirds
Trogonidae – Trogons & Quetzals
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Tytonidae – Barn & Grass Owls
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Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for ‘New Scotland’. The population of the province is just over one million people. It has the largest population of Canada’s Atlantic Provinces. It is the country’s second-most densely populated province and second-smallest province by area, both after Prince Edward Island. Its area of just over 55,000 square kilometres (c.21,000 square miles) includes Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands. The Nova Scotia peninsula is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto, on which the province’s land border with New Brunswick is located. The province borders the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits, respectively.

Nova Scotia’s capital and largest municipality is Halifax, which is home to over 45% of the province’s population. Halifax is the twelfth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada, the largest municipality in Atlantic Canada, and Canada’s second-largest coastal municipality after Vancouver.

Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone and, although the province is almost surrounded by water, the climate is closer to continental climate rather than maritime. The winter and summer temperature extremes of the continental climate are moderated by the ocean. However, winters are cold enough to be classified as continental, that is still being nearer to freezing point than inland areas to the west. The Nova Scotian climate is in many ways similar to the central Baltic Sea coast in Northern Europe, only wetter and snowier. This is true although Nova Scotia is some fifteen parallels further south. Areas not on the Atlantic coast experience warmer summers more typical of inland areas, and winter lows are a little colder.

Birding Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia sticks out into the North Atlantic from the Eastern seaboard of Canada, and only fails to be an island by virtue of the narrow Chignecto Peninsula that separates it from the neighbouring Province of New Brunswick. The 3 coasts, with the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the North, the Bay of Fundy to the West, and the North Atlantic to the East, all have different characteristics in terms of scenery and character, and different birding as well. The Northern third of Nova Scotia is Cape Breton Island, joined to the rest by a main road over a causeway. The human population is concentrated in the metropolitan area of Halifax/Dartmouth, and Industrial Cape Breton around Sydney, as well as smaller towns such as Truro, New Glasgow and Yarmouth. Many people also live in rural areas and in small towns and villages along the coast. The main human activities have been traditionally fishing (especially lobster); farming and forestry.

Much of the land is forested, with the predominantly Boreal-type forest (mostly White and Black spruce, Balsam Fir, Tamarack etc.) along the coast and in the Northern part of the province gradually giving way to more mixed forest (more Maple, Oak, Red Spruce etc.) inland and farther south. Unfortunately, though, there is more and more clear-felling, leaving less and less mature forest habitat. The narrow strip of the Annapolis Valley is largely agricultural, and there are extensive areas of freshwater marsh and saltmarsh. There are numerous lakes and rivers, many of which are remote and hard to access, but some of which have cottages around the edge, thus contributing to the wide variety of birding habitat.

The weather is very changeable, and Summers tend to be warm and dry, Winters tend to be cool and wet, with snow cover over most of the province from about mid-December to about early April (less so in recent years). Storms, with high winds and much precipitation, are frequent in winter, and much anticipated by birders for what they sometimes blow in. Fog can be a major problem, especially around the Southwest coast.

Birding can be good at any time of the year, depending on the habitat and sought-after species. The physical location makes the province an excellent area to attract vagrants from farther west, that eventually stall against the coast (e.g. Townsend’s Warbler, Varied Thrush) and the occasional Eurasian vagrant (e.g. Fieldfare). From early May onward, the woods are alive with Vireos, Thrushes, and Warblers, of which some 21 species are reasonably widespread and regular breeders (the mosquitoes and blackflies are even more regular and widespread!). Autumn brings the Shorebird migration, widespread on the coasts, and of world importance for some species in specific locations. There is also an excellent Raptor migration in some favoured spots. Seabird watching can be excellent all year round, but tends to be most interesting in Winter, where sometimes large numbers of Divers (Loons), Grebes, Auks and Sea-Ducks (Long-tailed, Eider, Red-breasted Mergansers etc.) can be seen from shore.

Amherst Point and Belle Isle Marshes

Brier island, cape breton highlands national park, cape sable island, yarmouth & west pubnico peninsula, grand pre - king's county, halifax harbour in winter, nova scotia provincial parks, richard stern (2018).

Kentville - Nova Scotia | [email protected]

Number of bird species: 491

Nova scotia bird society.

All the Birds of Nova Scotia

Birding sites of nova scotia, birds of nova scotia, nova scotia birds, nova scotia wildlife, nova scotia bird society information, atlantic bird observatory, nova scotia museum of natural history, atlantic canada branch of the sierra club, blomidon naturalists society, halifax field naturalists, nature nova scotia (federation of nova scotia naturalists), nova scotia nature trust, sable island preservation trust.

Abbreviations Key

IBA Cape Sable Island

Mbs amherst point, np cape breton highlands, np kejimkujik, nature reserves, ns-rba · nova scotia rare bird alert, ebird nova scotia, fieldguides, speyside wildlife, tropical birding tours, 2014 [07 july] - chris benesh - newfoundland & nova scotia, 2015 [07 july] - chris benesh - newfoundland & nova scotia, 2016 [07 july] - chris benesh & doug gochfeld - newfoundland & nova scotia, 2017 [07 july] - chris benesh & cory gregory, 2018 [05 may] - jean hugé, harbourview inn, cape breton birds, recent postings, sable island green horse society, mark & sandra dennis - cape sable birding, photographer - richard stern.

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Bringing 15 years of experience to his tours, Liron uses his intimate knowledge of British Columbia's bird, wildlife and photography hotspots to craft the best experiences possible. Liron has ornithological training from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Birds Canada, and has a biology degree from the University of British Columbia.
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